IOGRAPHICAL ANNALS CIVIL GOVERNMENT UNITED STATES. FROM ORIGINAL AND OFFICIAL SOURCES. CHARLES LANMAN, Author of "DlCTIONABY OF CONGBESS," "PRIVATE LIFE OF DANIEL WEBSTEB, " "LEADING MEN OF JAPAN," Etc., Etc. SECOND EDITION. BEVISED, ENLARGED AND COMPLETED TO DATE, JOSEPH M. MORRISON. NEW YORK: J. M. MOERISON, PUBLISHES. 1887. Entered Mocordini? to \ct of Congress, in trip year 18*6, by CHARLES LANMAN AND J. M. MORRISON, l-i the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at VV u.shingtoi . riTited and Bound by Herald Prlnttng and Publishing Co.. T Erie, Pa. e/5 K a; INTRODUCTION. THE success which attended the publication of my Dictionary of Congress has induced me to enlarge upon the scope and design of that work, so as to embrace the entire Civil Government of the United States during the first century of its existence. In doing this I have endeavored to present, within a convenient space, and iu biographical form, the names and public services of all those who have, in a promi nent manner, been identified with the National and State Governments of the Republic. The Biographical Sketches number about seven thousand, and these I have illus trated with a series of Tabular Records and Papers of an historical character, in which will be found eight thousand additional names, making a total of fifteen thousand personal references in the volume. The classes of persons included are the Delegates to the Colonial and Continental Congresses ; the Senators, Representatives, and Territorial Delegates of the Federal Con gress ; Cabinet Ministers ; Justices of the Supreme and other Federal Courts ; Officials of the Executive Departments ; Governors of States and Territories; Diplomatic Ministers, and such other men as have held positions of honor and trust iu the civil service, exerted an influence on public affairs, or acquitted themselves with acknowledged credit. Indeed, in a few instances, I have over-stepped the line which separates the civil from the military and naval history, but all the names thus added have a place in the hearts of their countrymen, and no apology, I trust, will be required for their intro duction. My purpose has been to give, in the most concise and impartial manner, a practical and comprehensive idea of the working of our Government, as exhibited through its personal representatives at home and abroad. Of many men more might have been written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind ; and where not 268403 IV enough has been said the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends ; and I have made it a point to xpress no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard to the dead. The information here presented has been obtained chiefly from original sources, and from the archives of the Government ; while, for many of my facts and dates. I have availed myself of other opportunities, and am especially indebted to the publica tions connected with the names of John L. Blake, S. Austin Allibone, George Ripley^ Francis S. Drake Joseph Thomas, and Frederick A. P. Barnard ; and I cannot but hope that these records will be found so correct and conveniently arranged as to render the volume indispensable, as one of reference, for all those who feel an interest in the political annals and future welfare of our country. GEORGETOWN, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, January, 1876. CHARLES LANMAN. PREFA0E TO REVISED EDITION. THE enviable reputation of Mr. Lanman as an author, and the universal recognition of his "Biographical Annals" as an authoritative book of reference, caused me to delib erate long before yielding to the persuasions of the author and attempting the continua tion of this work. Once launched upon the sea with which my predecessor had battled so success fully, I was almost overcome by the seemingly innumerable and insurmountable obstacles which constantly appeared in my pathway and was often tempted to lay down my pen and leave the work to some one more courageous, and more experienced than myself. The success which attended the much more laborious efforts of Mr. Lanman, however, encouraged me to struggle on to the end, and the results of my trials and feeble abilities are hereto appended in the form of a second edition of Mr. Lanman s great work. I have made some additions in the way of embellishment in the hope that they may add interest to the book. If the hundreds of persons to whom I found it necessary to send numerous appeals for data before receiving any response, and the large number who treated all my requests with silence, had appreciated the absolute necessity of co-operation in the preparation of historical works of this kind, my labors would have been very materially j lessened and their results more complete and satisfactory. To those who aided me by preparing, and sending to me, such data as I required, and to others who aided me collaterally, especially Mr. Sevellon A. Brown, Chief Clerk of the Department of State, and Hon John B. Clark, Clerk of the House of Rep resentatives, I desire to make most cordial acknowledgements. I was compelled to trust the reading of the proofs to others, but, as the entire work passed through three separate comparisons, I believe I am warranted in assuming that, while absolute perfection is impossible, but few errors will be found in the book. Trusting that my efforts have accomplished at least a fair measure of success, I subscribe myself, The Public s most obedient servant, JOSEPH M. MORRISON. IV enough has been said the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persona mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends ; and I have made it a "point to xpress no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard to the dead. 1 The information here presented has been obtained chiefly from original sources, and from the archives of the Government ; while, for many of my facts and dates, I have availed myself of other opportunities, and am especially indebted to the publica tions connected with the names of John L. Blake, S. Austin Allibone, George Ripley^ Francis S. Drake Joseph Thomas, and Frederick A. P. Barnard ; and I cannot but hope that these records will be found so correct and conveniently arranged as to render the volume indispensable, as one of reference, for all those who feel an interest in the political annals and future welfare of our country. GEORGETOWN, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, January, 187b. CHARLES LANMAN. PREFASE TO REVISED EDITION. THE enviable reputation of Mr. Lanman as an author, and the universal recognition of his " Biographical Annals" as an authoritative book of reference, caused me to delib erate long before yielding to the persuasions of the author and attempting the continua tion of this work. Once launched upon the sea with which my predecessor had battled so success fully, I was almost overcome by the seemingly innumerable and insurmountable obstacles which constantly appeared in my pathway and was often tempted to lay down my pen and leave the work to some one more courageous, and more experienced than myself. The success which attended the much more laborious efforts of Mr. Lanman, however, encouraged me to struggle on to the end, and the results of my trials and feeble abilities are hereto appended in the form of a second edition of Mr. Lanman s great work. I have made some additions in the way of embellishment in the hope that they may add interest to the book. If the hundreds of persons to whom I found it necessary to send numerous appeals for data before receiving any response, and the large number who treated all my requests with silence, had appreciated the absolute necessity of co-operation in the preparation of historical works of this kind, my labors would have been very materially lessened and their results more complete and satisfactory. To those who aided me by preparing, and sending to me, such data as I required, and to others who aided me collaterally, especially Mr. Sevellon A. Brown, Chief Clerk of the Department of State, and Hon John B. Clark, Clerk of the House of Rep resentatives, I desire to make most cordial acknowledgements. I was compelled to trust the reading of the proofs to others, but, as the entire work passed through three separate comparisons, I believe I am warranted in assuming that, while absolute perfection is impossible, but few errors will be found in the book. Trusting that my efforts have accomplished at least a fair measure- of success, I subscribe myself, The Public s most obedient servant, JOSEPH M. MORRISON. ILLUSTRATIONS. Opposite Page. Adams, John Adams, John Quincy Agricultural Department Building, Washington Arthur, Chester Allan 14 Buchanan, James 66 Bureau of Engraving and Printing Building, Washington 368 Cleveland, Grover 100 Executive Mansion (North front), Washington 32 " (South front), Washington 32 Fillmore, Millard 169 Garfield, James Abram 186 Grant, Ulysses 8 199 Harrison, William Henry 221 Hayes, Rutherford B 227 Interior Department Building (Patent Office), Washington 144 Jackson, Andrew 260 Jefferson, Thomas 263 Johnson. Andrew 266 Lincoln, Abraham 301 Madison, James 314 Manor House (The Home of Washington), Mt. Vernon 416 Monroe, James 348 National Museum Building, Washington 464 Pension Bureau Building, Washington 416 Pierce, Franklin 893 Polk, James K ". 399 Post Office Department Building, Washington 144 Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 464 State, War and Navy Departments Building, Washington 112 Taylor, Zachary . . : 492 The Capitol Building (Frontispiece) Title Treasury Department Building, Washington 112 Tyler, John 510 Van Buren, Martin 513 Washington, George 529 Washington Monument, Washington 5gg CONTENTS. Page Biographical Annals 1 to 568 APPENDIX. Alphabetical Lists of Senators and Representatives in each Congress xxiii-lxvii Amendments to the Constitution of the United States xvi-xix Area of the United States viii Articles of Confederation vii Cabinet Ministers Ixx vii-lxxix Clerks of the House of Representatives Ixxvii Colonial Governors of America xciv Constitution of the United States xi-xv Declaration of Independence i Delegates to the Colonial Congress i Delegates to the Continental Congress viii Diplomatic Agents of the United States Ixxxvi District of Columbia cvii Executive Officers of the Civil Service Ixxix Judges of the United States Circuit Courts : Ixxxiv Judges of the United States District Courts Ixxxiv Judges of the United States Supreme Court Ixxxiii Judges of the United States Territorial Courts Ixxxv Letter of the Convention to the old Congress xvi Origin of the Names of States cvii Pay Table of the Leading Civil Officers Ixxxiii Presidents of the Continental Congress viii Presidents of the United States Ixxvii Presidents of the United States Senate , xxi Presidents pro tern, of the United States Senate xxii Proceediags in the Old Congress xvi Proceedings of the Convention which framed the Constitution xv Secretaries of the United States Senate Ixxvii Sessions of the Continental Congress viii Sessions of the Federal Congress xxi Settlement of the States and Territories civ Signers of the Declaration of Independence iv Speakers of the House of Representatives xxii State and Territorial Governors of the United States xciv State Ratifications of the Constitution xvi FOR COMPLETE SKETCHES of the following persons received too late for classification see page* 566, 567 and 568. BISHOP, EICHARD M. CHENEY, PERSON COLBY. CHURCH, LOUIS KOSSUTH. HAWKINS, ALVIN. JACKSON, JOHN J. JAMES, CHARLES P. KINKEAD, JOHN H. LKDUC, WILLIAM G. PUTNAM, JAMES O. RICHMOND, LEWIS. ROBERTS, ORAN MILO. RUBLEE, HORACE. SEAT WILLIAM A. STEARNS, MARCELLUS L. VANCE, ROBERT B. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Abbett, Leon ; was born at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, October 8, 1836; was educated in the public schools of that city, graduating from the Philadel phia High School in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law, in Philadelphia, in 1857; in 1862, settled at Hoboken, New Jersey, in the practice of his profession ; in 1803, was appointed Corporation Attorney of Hoboken; in 1864, was elected a Representative in the New Jersey Legislature; was re-elected in 1865; was again elected to the same position in 1868, and was chosen Speaker of the House; was re-elected to both positions in 186 ( J; was. during the same period, Corporation Coun sel for Bayonne City and the Town of Union; in 1872 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conven tion: in 1874 was elected a State Senator; in, 1876 became Corporation Counsel of Jersey City, New Jer sey, to which place he had removed in 1866; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in !**(!, and was elected Chairman of the New Jersey Delegation ; in 1877 was elected President of the State Senate; in 1883 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the term of three years; in 1884 was Chairman of the New Jersey Delegation in the Democratic Na tional Convention. Abbot Joel ; was born in Fairfield, Connecti cut, emigrated to Georgia ; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Wilkes County, in that State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Commerce and the Slave Trade. Died November 1U, 1826. Abbott Amos ; was born in Andover, Massachu- seits. September ID, 1786 ; was educated at a district school, but spent the most of his life as a trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, and 1842, was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legisla ture ; from 1840 to 1842 was a member of the State Senate; represented his native State in Congress from 1813 to 1849; opposed the war with Mexico, but voted for supplies. Died at Andover, Massachusetts, November 2, 1868. Abbott, John C. ; was born in Concord, New Hampshire, July 15, 1825; received an academic- education; studied law and came to the bar in 1852; from 1852 to 1857 owned and conducted the 3/rtw- i-hexter Guardian ; was Quarter-Master General of Militia from 1855 to 1861 ; from 1859 to 1861 was one of the owners of the Boston Atlas and Bee; in 1861 raised a regiment of troops for the war, and was ap pointed Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1863 was made Col onel; in 1865 was brevetted a Brigadier-General "for gallant services in the capture of Fort Fisher ;" soon after settled in North Carolina, and engaged in the lumber business; was a Delegate to the State Consti tutional Convention of 1867; elected to the State Legislature early in 1868; was elected a Senator in Congress, in 1868, for the term ending in 1871, serv ing on the Committees on Manufactures, Military Affairs, the Pacilic Railway, and Enrolled Bills. Abbott, Josiah Gr. ; was born at Chelmsford, Massachusetts, November 1, 1815; received a classical education, graduating from Harvard University in 1832; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1835, and engaged in practice; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1836, a State Senator in 1841 and 1842; was Judge of the Superior Court in 1855; suc cessfully contested the seat of Rufus S. Frost as a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- fourth Congress, and took his seat July 28, 1876. Abbott, Nehemiah ; was born at Sidney, Maine, March 29, 1806; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the House of Representatives, in the Maine Legislature, in 1842 and 1843; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Abercrombie, James ; was born in Georgia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Acheson, Marcus W.; Avas born in Pennsyl vania; received a collegiate education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; settled at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the practice of his profession; in January, 1880, was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Pennsylvania, re siding at Washington, in that state. Acker, Ephraim L.; was born in Marlborough township, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1827; was edu cated in common schools, and graduated at Marshall College, Pennsylvania, in 1847; taught school two years; graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1852; was editor and publisher of The NorrMown, Register; Superintendent of Common Schools for Montgomery County from 1854 to 1860; was appointed Postmaster at Norristown in 1860, and removed after serving about eleven months; was In spector of Montgomery County prison three years; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Militia Committee. Ackerman, Amos T.; was born in New Hamp shire in 1819: received a good education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841; in 1850 removed to Georgia and settled in Elberton, where he practiced his profession; in 1866 was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Georgia, and remained in office until 1870; in that year was appointed Attorney- General of the United States, and continued in that position until 1872. Acklen, Joseph Hayes; was born at Nash ville, Tennessee, May 20, 1850; was educated partly by a private tutor, partly at Burlington College, and finally graduated, successively, at two foreign Uni versities; graduated in the law at Cumberland Uni- , versity, Tennessee, and commenced practice at Nash ville; removed to Memphis; afterwards abandoned his profession and became a sugar planter in Louis iana; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Congress. B I O G R A T H I C A L A K N A L Adair, John ; was born in Chester County, South Carolina, in 1758; emigrated to Kentucky in 1787; served as a Major in the border warfare of the time; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serving one year as Speaker; in 1799 was a member of the Conven tion which formed the State Constitution; subse quently held the office of Register of the Land Office in Kentucky; was a Senator of the United States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805 and 1800; conrnianded the Kentucky troops at the battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson, and was ap pointed a General in the army; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Died at Harrodsburg, May 19, 1840. Adams, Andrew; was born in Stratford, Con necticut, in January, 1730; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1700; adopted the profession of the law, and settled in the practice at Litchfleld in 17(J4; from 1777 to 1782 was a delegate from Connecticut to the Con tinental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation; in 1789 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said court. He received from Yale College the degree of LL.D.; died November 26, 1799. Adams, Benjamin ; was born at "Worcester, Mas sachusetts;, was a member of the Legislature, as Rep resentative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in 1814 and 1815, and from 1822 to 1825; was a Representa tive in Congress from his native State, from 1810 to 1821, having first been elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of E. Brigham, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions and Public Expenditures; died at Uxbridge, Massachu setts, in April, 1837. Adams, Charles ; was a resident of Colorado; in 1880 was appointed United States Minister to Bolivia. Adams, Charles F. ; was born in Boston, Au gust 18, 1807; spent the most of his boyhood in St. Petersburg and London, whilst hisfather, JohnQuincy Adams, was Minister to Russia and England; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1825; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828; served three years in the Lower House, and two years in the Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1848 was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention, and elected President; was the candidate for Vice-President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren; was elected a Rep resentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on .Manufactures, and as a member of the Special Com- mittiv of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was at one time the editor of a paper called the lloxton \\ /iii/; was a contributor to the North American lim cir, and the editor of the well-known Adams Letters; was the author of the standard Biography of his grand father, John Adams. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to England, in 1H01. In 1804 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Harvard University ; and in 18(i9 he became an overseer of that institution. Adams, C. H. ; was born in Coxsackie, Greene County. New York, in 1824; studied law and prac ticed until 1850, when he engaged in manufacturing at Cohoes, New York; served as Trustee and Presi dent of the Water Board in that place before it was made a city. In 1851 served as Aid to the Governor. In 1857 was elected a member of the Assembly; was State Senator in 1872 and 1873; was a member of the Republican National Convention in 1872; was, for a long time, President of the National Bank of Cohoes, and was the first Mayor of the city ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. Adams, George; was a citizen of Mississippi; was appointed United States Judge for the District embracing that State; resided at Natchez. Adams, George Everett ; was born at Keene, New Hampshire, June 18, 1840 ; removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1853 ; graduated from Harvard University in 1800 ; studied law at Dane Law School ; was ad mitted to the bar in 1865, and engaged in practice at Chicago ; in 1880 was elected a State Senator lor a term of five years ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-eighth Congress and resigned the Senatorship March 3, 1883 ; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Adams, George M.; was born in Knox County, Kentucky, December 20, 1837 ; was educated at Centre College; studied law; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Knox County from 1859 to 1801 ; subse quently served for a few months as a Captain in the Union Army ; was an additional Paymaster of Vol unteers from 1801 to 1805; was elected a Representa tive from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Freedmen s Affairs. Re-elected to the three succeeding Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; in 1875 was elected Clerk of the House of Represen tatives of the Forty-fourth Congress. Adams, Green; was born in Barboursville, Knox County, Kentucky, August 20, 1*12; was bred a farmer; read law and adopted that profession; in 1832 and 1833 was Deputy Sheriff of Knox County; in 1839 was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Engraving; was a Presidential Elector in 1*44 and 185(5, and a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 1856. In 1859 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1801 was appointed by President Lincoln. Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury; was Disbursing Clerk in the House of Representatives at Washington, from 1875 to 18S1; died January 18, 1884. Adams, James Hopkins; was born in South Carolina about 1811; graduated at Yale College in 1831 ; was a member of the Legislature and Senate of South Carolina; was Governor of that State from 1855 to 1857. After the secession of South Carolina from the Union was one of the Commissioners ap pointed to confer with the President concerning United States property in South Carolina; died near Columbia, South Carolina, July 27, 1801. Adams, Jewett W.; was elected Governor of Nevada for the term of four years from January, 18S3. Adams, John; was born at Braintree, Massa chusetts, October 30, 1735; graduated at Harvard University in 1755; instructed a class of scholars in Latin and Greek for a subsistence; studied law, and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy to practice his profession. As a member of the Con tinental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, was among the foremost in recommending an independent Govern ment; in 1777 was chosen Commissioner to the Court of Versailles. On his return was chosen a member of the Convention called to prepare a form of govern ment for Massachusetts. In September, 1779, was P H . sp^w BIOGKAPH1CA I. A .N N A L S . 3 appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace, and had authority to form a commercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780, was appointed Ambassador to Holland; in 1782, went to Paris to engage in the negotiation for peace, having previously obtained assurance that Great Britain would recog nize the independence of the United States. After serving on two or three commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce with foreign powers, in 17H5 was appointed first Minister to London; and, in 1788, having been absent nine years, returned to America. In March, 17H9. the new Constitution of the United States went into operation, and he became the first Yice-President, which office he held during the whole of Washington s administration. On the retirernent of Washington he became, March 4, 1797, President of the United States. This was the termination of his public functions, and he spent the remainder of his days upon his farm in Quincy. Died on the Fourth of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which, fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the floor of Congress: " Independence for ever!" His principal publications were, " Letters on the American Revolution," Defense of the Ameri can Constitutions," an " Essay on Canon and Feudal Law," a series of letters under the signature of No- vanglus, and "Discourses on Davila." It was as Yice-President that he had a seat in the Senate. In ls5(> his life and writings were published, in ten vol umes, edited by his grandson, C. F. Adams. Adams, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Greene County. New York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pen- j sions. Died at Catskill, New York, September 28, 1854. Adams, John J. ; was born in the Province of New Brunswick (now Dominion of Canada), Septem ber l(i, 1S4>-!:. attended the ordinary country schools (there were no free schools iivthe Province at that | time) until about the age of sixteen, when he removed to New York city; entered the employ of Messrs. J II. B. Claflin ^ Co., dry -goods merchants, where he I remained until H74 : entered Columbia Law College ; and graduated in the class of 1*7<> ; was admitted to the bar in that year and commenced practice in New York city ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress : was re-elected a Representative to the Forty-ninth Congress. Adams, John Quincy; was born in Brain- I tree (now Quincy.) Massachusetts. July 11, 1767. "When ten years of age. accompanied his father to France : anil when fifteen, was Private Secretary to the American Minister in Russia ; graduate;! at Harvard University in 1787 ; studied law in New- buryport, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 was American Minister to Holland. Kngland, Sweden and Prussia ; was a Senator in Congress from lso:j to isos : professor of Rhetoric in Harvard University, with limited duties, from 180(1 to 180* ; in 1809 was appointed Minister to Russia : assisted in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814 ; assisted, also, as Min ister, at the Convention of Commerce with Great Britain, in 1*15 ; was Secretary of State under Presi dent Monroe ; was chosen President of the United States in 182f>, serving one term. In 1831 was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in the Speaker s room, two days after falling from his seat in the House of Representatives. February 2.3, 3*48. His last words were: "This is the end of earth; I am content. He was Chairman of several of the most important committees, and always a work ing, member of the House. He published "Let ters on Silesia," "Lectures on Rhetoric and Or atory," and various "Poems," besides many oc casional letters and speeches. His unpublished writ ings, it is said, would make many volumes. An elaborate history of his life was published in 1875, edited by his son, Charles Francis Adams. Com plete works in pretss. Adams, Parmenio; was born in Hartford, Con necticut ; was a Representative in Congress from Batavia, Genesee County, New Y ork. from 1823 to 1827. Adams, Robert H.; was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, by appointment, from January to May, in 1830; died at Natchez, on the second day of July following. Adams, Samuel; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, September 27, 1722; graduated at Harvard University in 1740; studied for the ministry; re ceived the degree of A. M. in 1743; was one of the first who organized measures of resistance to the mother country, and drew up the instructions of the town of Boston against taxation in 1764 ; was elected a Representative in 1765; was chosen Clerk and served in that body for ten years, and, it is said, he suggested the Congress that assembled at New York in 1765, and the non-importation agYeement of 1769; addressed a public meeting the day after the Boston massacre, and was Chairman of the Committee to de mand the removal of the troops. In 1772 organized the Committee of Correspondence, which was first adopted by Massachusetts, and followed by all the provinces; was a signer of the Declaration of Inde pendence ; was one of those who matured the plan of the Continental Congress, and was Delegate from Massachusetts from 1774 to 1782 ; signed the Articles of Confederation ; was a member of the State Con vention which adopted the Federal Constitution, and made some amendments to that instrument ; on the adoption of the State Constitution, was made Presi dent of the Senate ; was Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1789 to 1794, and Governor from 1794 to 1797 ; died in Boston, October 2, 1803. Adams, Samuel ; was acting Governor of Ar kansas in 1844. Adams, Stephen; was a native of Franklin County, Tennessee ; was a member of the Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, took an active part in public a flairs ; was a member of the State Legislature ; a Representative in Congress, from 184f> to 1847 ; was elected Judge of the Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, serving on several committees ; removed to Tennessee, with the intention of practicing law at Memphis, where he died of small-pox, May 11, 1857. Adams, Thomas; was a Delegate from Vir ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Addams, William; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; was Auditor of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1*13 and 1814; C; -vmissioner of the County from 1*14 to 1817; member of the State Leg islature from 1822 to 1824; was a Representative m Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829; As sociate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1842. Died in the spring of 1858, aged eighty-two years. Adee, Alvey A.; was born at Astoria, New York, November 27, 1842 ; was educated by private tutors: studied civil engineering; was Secretary of the American Legation at Madrid, Spain, from 1870 BIOGRAPHICAL A N N A L S . to 1877, several times acting as Charge (V Affairs; in 1877 was transferred to the Department of State, at Washington ; in 1878 became Chief of the Diplomatic Division of that Department; in July, 1882, was ap pointed Third Assistant Secretary of State. Adgate, Asa ; was a Representative in the Leg islature of New York from Clinton County, from 1798 to 1799; was a Representative in Congress from Es sex County, in that State, from 1815 to 1817; was again a member of the Legislature in 1823. Adrain, Garnett B.; was born in the city of New York, December 20, 1816; graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1833; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; was a Representative from New Jersey in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving; was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolutkm of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defense of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he practiced his profession. Ahl, John A.; was born in Strasburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815 ; received a good English education ; studied medicine with his father and graduated at the Washington Medical College" of Baltimore; abandoned his profession in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds of manufactures ; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Aiken D. Wyatt; was born at Winnsboro, South Carolina, March 17, 1828 ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1849 ; taught school for two years ; engaged in farming ; served in the Con federate Army, during the war of the Rebellion, from 1861 until disabled by wounds ; was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1864, and again in 1866 ; was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876 ; was elected a Representati ve from South Carolina to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Aikin, William ; was horn in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1806; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1825; was a member of the State Legisla ture in 1838, 1840, and 1842; was Governor of South Carolina in 1844; a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was considered one of the most successful rice-planters in his native State, and was one of the leading men of his State who did not take part in the Rebellion. Noted for his liberality, benevolence, and culture as a scholar. Ainslie, George ; was born in Cooper County, Missouri, October 30, 1838 ; received a common school education, and attended St. Louis University two years ; studied law ; was admitted to practice in 1860, and removed to Colorado ; in 1862 settled in that portion of Washington Territory which now constitutes the Territory of Idaho ; served in the Territorial Legislature, and was President of the Council during one session ; was editor of a news paper from 1869 to 1873 ; was elected District Attor ney in 1874 and re-elected in 1876 ; was elected a delegate from Idaho to the Forty-sixth and Forty- seventh Congresses. Ainsworth, Lucien Lester ; was born in New Woodstock, New York, June 21, 1831 ; educated at the common schools and at the Oneida Conference Seminary, New York ; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1854 ; in 1855 removed to West Union, Iowa ; was a member of the Lower House and Senate of the State for several years ; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress. Akers, Thomas Peter ; was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. G. Miller, and served one session. Albert, "William J.; was born at Baltimore, Maryland, August 4, 1816 ; educated at St. Mary s College ; was bred a merchant ; retired from business in 1856 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was subsequently interested in banking and manufac tures ; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Albertson, Nathaniel ; was born in Virginia ; was elected a Representative in Congress from the First Congressional District of Indiana, from 184!) to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Albright, Charles ; was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1830 ; educated at Dick inson College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1852 ; in 1854 visited Kansas, and in 1856 returned to Pennsylvania ; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Re publican National Convention ; entered the Army in 1862 ; was commissioned Colonel, commanding the Third Brigade, at Chancellorsville ; was placed in command of Camp Muhlenburg. Pennsylvania, to organize troops ; in July was sent to Philadelphia to assist in the draft ; in September, 1864. was assigned to an independent command to protect Railroads and the outer defenses of Washington ; in March, 1865, was promoted to brevet Brigadier-General of Volun teers ; after the war was sent to the cornmand of the Lehigh military distwct, to pacify tumults in the mining regions ; in 1865 was mustered out of service ; in 1872, was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia ; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on ,the Committee on Military Affairs. Albright, Charles J. ; was born in Pennsyl vania, and was elected, from the State of Ohio, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Alcorn, James Lusk ; was born November 4 r 1816, near Golconda, Illinois ; settled in Kentucky ; was educated at Cumberland College; was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Livingston County, and held the office for five years ; in 1843 was elected to the Legis lature ; removed in 1844 to Mississippi; entered upon the practice of law ; served sixteen years in the Legislature of that State, in the House and Senate ; in 1852 Avas chosen Elector ; was nominated for Gov ernor in 1857, but declined; was founder of the Levee System in his State; in 1858 was chosen President of the Levee Board of the Mississippi-Yazoo Delta ; was elected to the State Convention of 1851, and again to that of 1861, the latter body electing him a Brigadier- General ; in 1865 was elected to the Senate of the United States, but not allowed to take his seat ; in 1869 was elected Governor of Mississippi; was elected to the Senate of the United States in 1871, for six years, serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, Revision of Laws, Naval Affairs, and Levees of the Mississippi River. Aldrich, Cyrus ; was born in Smithfield, Rhode Island, in June, 1808 ; received a common-school education ; followed the various occupations of a r B 1 O G K A P H I C A L A N N A L S . sailor, u boatman, a farmer, a contractor on public works, and a mail contractor; was a member of the Illinois Legislature; also a Register of Deeds and Register of the Land Office, at Dixon, in that State, for four years ; having removed to Minnesota, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State; member of the County Board of Hennepin County, in that State ; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; was Chair man of the Committee on Indian Affairs. After leaving Congress was appointed, by President Lin coln, a Commissioner to settle claims against the Sioux Indians. In February, 1867, was appointed, by President Johnson, Postmaster at Minneapolis, Minnesota. Aldrich, Nelson "W. ; was born at Foster, Rhode Island, November 6, 1841 ; received an academic education ; engaged in meicvntile pursuits ; was President of the Common Council of Providence, Rhode Island, in 1872 and 1873 ; a member of the State House of Representatives in 1875 and 1876, serving as Speaker during the latter year; was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Forty- sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses; resigned in 1881 to take his seat as a Senator of the United States from Rhode Island for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Aldrich, "William ; was born at Greenfield, New York, in January, 18:20 ; was reared on a farm ; re ceived a good education ; taught school for a time ; in 1846 engaged in mercantile pursuits ; in 1851 re moved to Wisconsin and engaged in merchandising and manufacturing ; was Superintendent of Schools for three years; was Chairman of the Board of Super visors one year ; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1859; removed to Chicago, Illi nois, in 1860, and engaged in the wholesale grocery business; was a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1876; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses; died at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, Decem ber 3,1885. Alexander, Adam R. ; was born in Washing ton County, Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and served as a member of the Commit tee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alexander, A. M. ; was born in Clark County, Kentucky, May 26, 1834; removed to Missouri, and settled at Paris; studied law; was admitted to the. bar in 1860 and engaged in practice; was Prosecuting Attorney of Monroe County for six years; was a Dele gate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1875 ; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress. Alexander, D. S.; was born at Richmond, Maine. July 17, 1845 ; served three years as a private soldier during the War of the Rebellion ; received a classical education, graduating from Bowdoin College in 1870 ; published the Fort Wayne (Indiana) Daily Gazette until 1874 ; settled at Indianapolis, Indiana, in the practice of law ; in 1881 was appointed Fifth Auditor of the United States Treasury at Washington. Alexander, Evan; was born in North Carolina ; graduated at Princeton College in 1787 ; was a mem ber of the Legislature for two years ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1809. Died October 28, 1809. Alexander, Henry P. ; was born in New York, in 1802 ; engaged in commerce : was a Representative in Congress from Herkimer County, in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State Department. Died at Little Falls, Febvuary 22, 1867. Alexander, James, Jr. ; was born in Maryland ; was a resident of St. Clairsville, Belmont County, Ohio ; was elected a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh District of that State, from 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Died August 6, 1846. Alexander, John ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1813, serving till 1817. Alexander, Mark ; was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, February 7, 1792 ; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1815 ; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and served on the Committees on Revo lutionary Pensions, Ways and Means, and Expend itures in the State Department, and the District of Columbia. Died at Scotland Neck, North Carolina, July 6, 1883, aged ninety-one years. Alexander, Nathaniel ; graduated at Princeton College in 1776, and, after studying medicine, entered the army. At the close of the war resided at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession, and afterwards at Mecklenburg. While he held a seat in Congress, as a Representative from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected him Gov ernor for 1806. Died at Salisbury, March 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he dis charged his duty with ability and firmness. Alexander, Robert ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777. Alford, Julius C. ; was born in Georgia ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1842, and served as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Alger, Russell A.; was born in Lafayette Town ship, Medina County, Ohio, February 27, 1836 ; when eleven years of age he lost both his parents and was thrown upon his own resources to secure a livelihood and support a younger brother and sister ; he worked on a farm until he was eighteen years of age, attend ing the Richfield, Ohio, Academy during the winter terms ; then taught school for several winters ; in 1857 began the study of law, and, in 1859, was ad mitted to the bar by the State Supreme Court ; re moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and entered a law office, but impaired health compelled him to abandon the profession of the law ; he then removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and engaged in the lumber busi ness ; at the breaking out of the Civil War he en listed in the Second Michigan Cavalry ; was elected Captain and was mustered into service with that rank ; he served until 1863, rising to the rank of Colonel, and was then compelled, by ill-health re sulting from wounds received in battle, to resign ; at the close of the war was brevetted Brigadier General and Major General "for gallant conduct;" in 1865 settled in Detroit, Michigan, and engaged in the lumber business ; never was a candidate for, or was elected to any public office until, in 1884, he was elected Governor of the State of Michigan. Allen, Andrew ; was a Delegate from Pennsyl vania to the Continental Congress in 1775 to 1776. Allen, Charles ; was born in Worcester. Massa chusetts, August 9, 1797 ; was a member of the State BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Legislature in 1839, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840 ; a State Senator in 183.1, 1838, and 1839 ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1842 to 1844 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853, and a member of the Committee on the -District of Colum bia ; Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Sutlblk County from 1858 to 1859 ; subsequently Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the State ; was a member of the State Constitutional Conventions of 1853 and 1859 ; a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty in 1842 ; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Died iii Worcester, August 6, 1869. Allen, Charles H.; was born at Lowell, Massa chusetts, April 15, 1848 ; received his early educa tion in the public schools ; graduated from Amherst College in 1809 ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; re ceived the degree of A. M. from Amherst College in 1872 ; held several local offices in Lowell ; was a Rep resentative in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1881 and 1882 ; was a State Senator in 1883 ; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty -ninth Congress. Allen, Chilton ; was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, April 6. 1786 ; settled in Kentucky as a wheelwright ; educated himself for the legal profes sion ; from Clark County was elected, in 1811, to the Legislature of Kentucky, and re-elected for several terms ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1*31 to 1837, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ; in 1838 was Presi dent of the Board of Internal Improvement ; and in 1842 was again returned to the State Legislature, which was the last public position he occupied. 1 )ied at Winchester, September 3, 1858. He was a man of ability and of rare virtues. Allen, Elisha H.; was born in Xew Salem, Massa chusetts, January 28, 1804 ; was bred a lawyer ; served in the Legislature of Maine from 183(5 to 1841, and in 184(5 ; in 1838 as Speaker ; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Maine from 1841 to 1*43, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Manufactures ; in 1847 removed to Boston ; was elected to the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1849 ; after which he was appointed Consul to Honolulu ; afterwards became connected with the Government of the Sandwich Islands ; in 185(5 visited the United States as Envoy ; in 1857 was Chief Justice and Chancellor of the Sand- Avich Islands, serving until 18(54 ; was the Hawaiian Minister at Washington for a number of years. Died suddenly while attending the President s reception, January 1, 1883. Allen, Heman ; was born in 1776; was a resi dent, if not a native, of Milton, Vermont ; adopted the profession of the law, in which he became distin guished ; was a Representative in Congress from Ver mont from 1833 to 1*39. serving as an active member of the Committee on Claims ; subsequently settled in Burlington, Vermont, where he died December 11, 1844. Allen, Heman ; was born in 1779 ; was a resi dent of Colchester, Vermont ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1795, and adopted the profession of the law ; was Sheriff of Chittenden County in 1808 and 1809 ; from 1811 to 1814 was Chief Justice of the Chittenden County Court ; from 1812 to 1817 was an active member of the State Legislature; was appointed Quartermaster of Militia, with the title of Brigadier ; was a Trustee of the University of Vermont ; was Jrst elected a Representative in Congress from Ver- uiont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to accept, from President Monroe, the appointment of United States Marshal for the District of Vermont ; in 1*23 received from the same President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which post he resigned in 1828 ; in 1*30 was appointed President of the United States Branch Bank, at Burlington, which office he held until the expiration of its charter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate, Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9, 1852. Allen, James C.J was born in Shelby County, Kentucky. January 28, 1*23; received a good com mon-school education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843; in 1846 was elected Prosecuting Attorney in the Seventh Judicial Dis trict of Indiana for two years ; in 1850 and 1851 was elected a member of the State Legislature ; was chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was chosen Clerk of the House of Representatives for the Thirty-fifth Congress; in 1*(52 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representative, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs and Unfinished Business. Allen, John; was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, in 1763; was a lawyer by pro; e.-sioii ; was a member of the State Council of Connecticul for several years ; was a Representative from that State during the last Congress which was held in Philadel phia. from 1797 to 1799. Died at Litchiield, Con necticut, July 31, 1812. Allen John J.; was born in Virginia ; was a res ident of Harrison County ; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Virginia, from 1*33 to 1*35, and served as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia ; subsequently held the ol i u e of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Allen, John M.; was born in Tishomingo Coun ty, Mississippi, July 8, 1847: receive:! a commo:i- school education; served in the Con let .crate A .my throughout the Civil War ; after its close, at .emlc;! the Law School of Cumberland University, Tennes see, and in 1*70 graduated in law from the University of Mississippi ; in the same year was admitted to ti cr bar, and commenced the practice of law at Tupelo, Mississippi; in 1*75 was elected District Attorney for the First Judicial District of Mississippi, in which position he served four years ; in 1**4 was elected ;v Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-ninth Congress. Allen, John W.; was born in Litchiield. Con necticut, in 1*02; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1*25; was a member of the Senate of that State from 1*35 to 1837 ; also Mayor of Cleveland ; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from 1*37 to 1*41. serving a a member of the Committee on the Militia and Mili tary Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Allen, Joseph; was born in Boston : was a mer chant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy there; twice Elector for President; was a Clerk of the County Court and a State Councilor : was a Rep resentative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1810 to 1*11, having succeeded J. Upham, resigned. Died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged seventy-eight years. t Allen, Judson ; was born in Connecticut ; re moving to New York was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1*39 to 1*41, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. B I ( ) G R A P H I C A L A N X A L S . Allen, Nathaniel ; was born in Dutchess County, New York : served in the Assembly of that State in 181:2; was a Representative in Congress, from 181 9 to 1821, and a member of the Committee on Manufac tures. Allen, Philip; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, September 1, 1785 ; graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1803 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1819, 1850, and 1821 ; devoted much attention to the business of manufacturing ; was Governor of Khode Island during the years 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from his native State, from March 3, 1853, for six years, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and on Naval Affairs. He constructed the first Watt & Boul- ton Steam Engine in Providence. Died in Provi dence, Khode Island, December 16, 1865. Allen, Richard C.; was a citizen of Florida, and was one of the earliest United States Judges appoint ed for the District embracing that State. Allen, Robert ; was born in Augusta County, Virginia ; was a Colonel in the army under General Jackson ; a Representative in Congress from Tennes see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce, the Library, and Revolu- tionary Claims. Died at Carthage, Tennessee, Au gust 19, 18(J4, aged sixty-seven years. Allen, Robert ; was born in Woodstock, Shenan- doah County, Virginia, July 30, 1794 ; was educated at Dickinson and Washington Colleges, having left the latter institution on a furlough of three months, for the purpose of joining a volunteer military force, in 1H13, but returned and graduated; studied law, and practiced in his native place ; for a time held the office of Prosecutor for the Commonwealth ; served five years in the Senate of Virginia ; was a Repre- sentative in Congress from that State, from 1827 to 18:53, serving on the Committee for the District of Columbia. Allen, Samuel C.; was born in Franklin Coun ty, Massachusetts, January 5, 1772 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794 ; was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1810 ; a State Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; a member of the Executive Council in 1829 and 1830 ; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1829, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. He was at one time a Con gregational preacher, but subsequently turned his at tention to law and literature ; died at Xorthiield, February 8, 1842, aged seventy years. Allen, Thomas ; was born at Pittsfield, Massa chusetts ; was educated at Union College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; in 1837 removed to Washington. District of Columbia, and engaged in the printing and newspaper business ; in 1842 re moved to St. Louis, Missouri ; was a State Senator in 1850 and 1854 ; became largely interested in rail ways, and was, for many years, President of railway corporations ; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-seventh Congress ; died April 7, 1882. Allen, "William ; was born in Edenton, Xorth Carolina, in 1806 ; received a good education ; was connected by family ties witli Allen G. Thurnian ; was an early emigrant to the State of Ohio ; adopted the profession of the law ; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; was elected a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1849, serv ing as a member of several important Committees. In 1874 became Governor of Ohio, serving as such un til 1876. Allen, "William ; was born in Butler County, Ohio, August 13, 1827 ; received a good English education ; taught school for a time ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1850 was elected a County Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in 1852; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts ; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in Interior Department ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864, and also to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion" of 1866. Allen, William J.; was born in Tennessee in 1828; removed, with his father, to Illinois in 1829 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; in 1854 was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 1855 was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Illinois, which office he resigned in 1860, and was then elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1862 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of John A. Logan, resigned, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Allen, "Willis ; was born in Tennessee ; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. Alley, John B.; was born in Lynn, Massachu setts, January 7, 1817 ; received a good common- school education ; was apprenticed to a shoemaker ; received his freedom when nineteen years of age, after which he devoted himself to trading ; subse quently entered largely into the shoe and leather business ; served several years in the City Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the Governor s Council in 1851 ; a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1852 ; of the State Constitutional Convention held in 1853 ; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Massa chusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re- elected to the Thirty -seventh, and also to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again on the Post Office Committee, and as a member of that on the Bankrupt Law ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Allison, James ; was born in Cecil County, Maryland, October 4, 1772 ; studied law and ac quired a high position at the bar of Western Penn sylvania ; was elected a Representative from that State to the Eighteenth Congress ; was re-elected to the Xineteenth Congress, but on account of ill health and his dislike of public life, declined the position ; after practicing his profession for fifty years, died in June, 1854. Allison, John ; was a son of James Allison, and was born in Pennsylvania, August 5, 1812 ; studied law, but never practiced the profession ; was elected to the Assembly of his State in 1846, 1847, and 1849 ; was a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-second and Thirty-fourth Congresses, and de clined a nomination for re-election. On the 1st of April, 1869, was appointed Register of the United States Treasury ; died at Washington March, 23, 1878. 8 15 1 O G R A P H I C A L A N N A L S . Allison, Robert ; v,-as born in Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833. Allison, "Wm. B.; was born in the township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 18:29 ; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm ; was educated chiefly at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania, and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio ; studied law, came to the liar in 1851, and practiced the profession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Dubuque, Iowa ; was a delegate to the Chicago Convention of I860 ; in 1861 was a member of the Governor s staff, and rendered essential service in raising troops for the war ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees .on Ways and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the Interior Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses. In 1873 was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and also on the Com mittees on the Library and Appropriations ; was re- elected for the term ending in March, 1885, and in January, 1885, was re-elected for a third term, end ing in 1891. Allston, Joseph ; was born in 1778 ; was a planter of education and ability ; was several years a member of the South Carolina Legislature ; was Governor of that State from 1812 to 1814. Died Sep tember 10, 1816. He married a daughter of Aaron Burr, and for that reason was suspected, but un justly, of being concerned in the questionable enter prises of that famous man. His wife was lost at sea on her passage from New York to Charleston in 1812. Allyn, Joseph P.; was a native of Connecticut, from which State he was appointed an Associate Jus tice of the United States Court for the Territory of Arizona. Alsop, John ; was born in Middletown, Connec ticut ; was an opulent merchant, and by his ability, patriotism, and integrity secured his election to the Continental Congress in 1774, serving two years in that body. On the occupation of New York by the British, he withdrew to Middletown, Connecticut, returning after the peace. Died in 1794. Alston, Lemuel J.; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811. Alston, William J.; was born in Georgia; re moving to Alabama, was a Representative in Con gress from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Ro.ids. Alston, Willis ; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina ; appeared in public life as early as ] 7ii4, serving in the State Legislature for several years; was a Representative in Congress from North Caro lina, from 1799 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. Dur ing the war of 1812 was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. Died April 10, 1837. Alvorcl James C.; was a native of Massachu setts ; received a liberal education ; adopted the pro fession of the law ; served one term in each branch of the State Legislature ; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, bul died in the latter part of 1839, before taking his .seat. Ambler, Jacob A.; was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1829; studied law in Ohio ; in 1857 was elected to the State Legisla ture, and served two terms ; in 1859 was appointed Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of the State, and served until 1867, when he resumed the practice of his profession ; was elected to the Forty-first Con gress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Ames, Adelbert ; was born in Rockland, Maine, October 31, 1835; received a classical education; en tered the Military Academy at West Point, and grad uated in 1861 ; was commissioned second Lieutenant of Artillery ; brevetted Major for gallant services at the battle of Bull Run, where he was wounded ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for services at the bat tle of Malvern Hill ; was appointed Colonel of Vol unteers ; brevetted Colonel for services at the battle of Gettysburg ; brevetted Major-General of Volun teers for services at Fort Fisher, and again brevetted Major-General, United States Army, at the close of the war, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the Rebellion ; was appointed Provisional Governor of Mississippi in 1868; appointed to the command of the Department of Mississippi in 1869; was elected to the United States Senate for six years, taking his seat in 1870, and serving on the Commit tees on Military Affairs and R< noval of Political Dis abilities. In 1873 was elected Governor of Missis sippi. Ames, Fisher ; was born in Dedham, Massa chusetts, April 9, 1758; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1774 ; studied law in Boston, and com menced practice in his native town ; distinguished himself as a member of the Massachusetts Conven tion for ratifying the Constitution in 1788 ; from that body passed into the State Legislature ; was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Congress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained great reputation for his eloquence and exaltel patriotism. He was devotedly attached to Washington, and was the author of the " Address " from the House of Rep resentatives to the President prior to his retirement from office. After leaving Congress, lie devoted him self for a few years to the practice of his profession, and, later, turned his attention to farming ; was elect ed President of Harvard University in 1804, but de clined the honor, and received from that institution the degree of LL. D. He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of America. England, and I" ranee, and both as a writer and orator attained a very prom inent position, and exerted an extensive influence. Died in Dedham, July 4, 1808. In 18U9 a collection of his writings, and his life, -were published by Rev. Dr. Kirkham ; in 1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by his son. Ames, Oakes ; was born in Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804 ; was, i or years, a manufacturer ; was, for two years, a member of the Executive Council of the State ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims and Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Pacific Railroad and Manufactures ; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; re-elected to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses. Died in North Easton, May 8, 1873. Ancona, Sydenham E.; was born in Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1824 ; removing to Berks County, was, for several years, connected with the Reading Railroad Company ; in 1860, was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania B I O G R A P II 1 C A L AN X A L S . to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Militia and on Manufactures ; was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Military A flairs; was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866. In March, 18(57, was appointed, by President Johnson, Navy Agent at Philadelphia, but was not confirmed by the Senate. Anderson, Alexander ; was a Senator in Con gress from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, during the years 1840 and 1841, part of a term, and served as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Anderson, Charles ; was Acting Governor of Ohio in 1865 and 1866 ; was by profession a lawyer ; was a man of high culture, and for many years was an influential citizen of Cincinnati. Anderson, Charles E.; was a citizen of New York ; in 1836 was appointed Secretary of Legation to France ; in the following year was made acting Clidi-f/e (1 Affttircx: after remaining two years abroad, returned to the United States. Anderson, Charles M.; was born in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, January 5, 1845; removed, with his parents, to Ohio in 1855 ; served in the Union Army throughout the Civil War ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1868 ; engaged in practice at Greenville. Ohio; in 1834 was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Anderson, George ~W.; w r as born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 22, 1832 ; received a liberal education ; adopted the profession of the law ; set tled in Missouri in 1853 ; in 1854 became the editor of the North East Missourian newspaper ; in 1858 was elected to the State Legislature : in 1862 was chosen a State Senator, remaining in that capacity until 1865, when he resigned, having been elected a Rep resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Public,Lands, and as Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Early in 1861 organized a Home Guard, and was chosen Colonel thereof; was subsequently commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and had command of the Forty-ninth Regi ment of his State; was a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866, and was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress. Anderson, Hugh J.; was born in Maine, in 1801; was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827 to 1837; a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was a lawyer by profession; Gov ernor of Maine from 1844 to 1847; a Presidential Elector in 1849; Commissioner of Customs in Wash ington, from 1853 to 1853. In October, 1866, was appointed, by President Johnson, Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Anderson, Isaac ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Anderson, John ; was born in Cumberland, Maine; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1816; was a member of the Maine Senate in 1824; was elected a Representative in Congress from Cumberland County, Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections and Naval Affairs ; was Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842; United States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837; Collector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1848. Died August 21, 1853, aged sixty-one years. Anderson, John A.; was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1834 ; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1853 ; removed to Cali fornia ; in 1857 was ordained a minister of the Pres byterian Church ; was elected Trustee of the State Insane Asylum in 1860 ; was a Chaplain of Volun teers in 1862 ; was in the service of the United States Sanitary Commission from 1863 to 1867 ; was Presi dent of the Kansas State Agricultural College from 1875 to 1879 ; was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty- eighth Congresses ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Anderson, Joseph ; was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757 ; enjoyed what was called at the time a good education ; studied law ; was appointed an Ensign in the New Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted to an adjutancy ; as a Captain fought at the battle of Monmouth ; also went in 1779 with Sullivan against the Six Nations ; in 1780 was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege of York ; after the war retired with the rank of Brevet Major ; practiced law in Delaware for seven years. In 1791 was ap pointed, by Washington, Judge of the territory south of the Ohio River ; remained in that position until the first Constitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming in Convention ; was an influential - member of the United States Senate from Tennessee, from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon impor tant committees, and acting on two occasions as President pro tern-pore of the Senate ; was appointed in 1815 First Comptroller of the Treasury, where he re mained until 1836 ; died in Washington, April 17, 1837. Anderson, Joseph H.; was born in New York ; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1847, and was Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Anderson, Josiah M.; was born in Tennessee ; was a Representative in Congress from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims ; was Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Anderson, J. P.; was born in Tennessee ; was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Territory of Washington. Anderson, Lucien ; was born in Mayfield, Ken tucky, in June, 1824 ; received a good English educa tion: adopted the profession of the law; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 1863 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. During the month of November, 1863, was taken prisoner by a party of "Confederates," and retained in custody until just before the meeting of Congress, when he was exchanged; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Anderson, Rasmus B.; was born in Albion Township, Dane County, Wisconsin, of Norwegian parents, January 12, 1846; received bis early educa tion in the common-schools of his native county, and from the parish minister; at the age of sixteen entered 10 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. a Norwegian College, at Decorah, Iowa, where lie pursued his studies for upwards of three years; in 1806, was elected Professor of Greek and of Modern Languages in Albion Academy, in his native county; which position he held until the spring of 1809; he then pursued a course of study in the University of Wisconsin for several months; and during the sum mer of that year was appointed Assistant Professor of Languages in that institution; this position he held until 1875 when he was promoted to the Professorship of Scandinavian Languages; with the assistance of Ole Bull, he established, in the University, a Scandi navian Library of great value; during the summers of 1872 and 1873 he visited Europe, to perfect himself in the literature of Norway; he has contributed largely to the advancement and knowledge of Norse literature both by original writings and by trans lations: among his principal original productions are "Norse Mythology," and "DenNorskeMaalSag";in 1883 he resigned his professorship; in March, 1885, he was appointed, by President Cleveland, Minister Resident and Consul-General of the United States in Denmark. Anderson, Richard dough, Jr.; was born in Louisville, Kentucky, August 4, 1788 ; was sent at an early age to Virginia to be educated ; graduated at William and Mary College, and studied law under Judge Tucker ; returned to Kentucky and com menced the practice of his profession, and became eminent as a lawyer ; was for several years a member of the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1H17 to 1821 ; and de clined a re-election in 1*22 : again entered the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the House ; in 1H23 was appointed by President Monroe the lirst Minister to Columbia ; and in 1826 was appointed, by President Adams Envoy, to Panama ; on his way thither he died at Turba co, July 24, 1826. Anderson, Samuel; was born in 1774, in Penn sylvania; served repeatedly in the Legislature of that State ; was Speaker of the House during two sessions ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on the Boundary line of Missouri ; died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850. Anderson, Simeon H.; was born in Garrard County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832 ; studied law, and practiced with success ; served frequently in the Kentucky Legislature ; was elected a Representative in Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a mem ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ; died at his residence, near Lancaster, Kentucky, August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of service. He had the reputation of being a remark ably industrious, useful and amiable man. Anderson, Thomas L.; was born in Greene County, Kentucky, December 1, 1808 ; was self- educated ; removed to Missouri in 1830, where he commenced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age ; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was a Presidential elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and 1856 ; was a member of the Convention for remodeling the State Constitution in 1845 ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Anderson, William; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania in 1703 ; served throughout the Revolutionary War with credit, taking a promi nent part in the siege of Yorktown. After the war returned to Delaware County. Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1815, and from 1*17 to 1*19; was afterwards a Judge of Delaware County Court, and a Custom house ollicer at Chester, in that County, where he died, December 13, 1829. Anderson, "William B.; was born in Jefferson County, Illinois, April 2, 1S30 ; studied law. but never practiced the profession ; was twice elected to the State Legislature and once to the State Senate ; was a Delegate to the Convention which frame;! the present Constitution ; in 1*61 exerted himself to raise a regiment of volunteers for the army, and com manded it through the war. receiving the brevet title of Major-General; in 1S74 was* elected a Representa tive from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress. Anderson, William C.; was born in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky, December 0, 1820: edu cated at the College of Danville; adopted the profes sion of the law; served in the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1853; was a Presidential elector in 1*56; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, ls(jl. Andrew, John A.; was born in Windham, Maine, May 31, 1*1* ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837 ; came to the bar in Boston in 1* 40 : was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention of 18;iO ; in the same year was elected Governor of Massa chusetts, and twice re-elected, making himself con spicuous as one of the War Governors" of the North, by his energy in raising troops and his zeal against the institution of slavery ; in 1*65 presided over a, Unitarian Convention in Boston, and was President of the New England Genealogical Society. Died in Boston. October 30. 1*07. An account of his ol licial life was published in 1808, by A. G. Brown, Jr. Andrews, C. C.; was a citizen of Minnesota ; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Sweden and Norway. Andrews, Charles; was born in Paris. Maine, in 1814 ; studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1837; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford County ; was a member of the State Legislature from 1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of (lie House ; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 30, 1852. Andrews, Charles Bartlett ; was born at Sun- derland, Massachusetts, November 4, 1*31 ; received a classical education, graduating at Amherst College; in 1858 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1860 ; settled at Litchrield, Connecticut, in the prac tice of his profession ; was a State Senator in 1*68 and 1869 ; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878 ; was Governor of Connecticut from 1*7* to 1880 ; in 1882 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut. Andrews, George R. ; was bora in New York ; was a Representative in Congress from the Four teenth Congressional District in that State, from 1*49 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee oil Elections. Andrews, John T.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1*37 to 1839, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State Department. F, I G It A P H I C A L A N N A L 8 . li Andrews, Landaff "W.; was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, February 12, 1H03; graduated at Transylvania University in 1824; commenced the practice of law in 1820; was a member of the Ken- lucky Legislature in 1834; in 1838 was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, serving from 1839 to 1843; was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts; was a member of the Ken tucky Senate. Andrews, Samuel G. ; was born in Derby, New Haven County, Connecticut, October 16, 1799; re ceived an academic education; removed, with his father, to Rochester, New York, in 1816; was occu pied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing pur suits; was for several years Mayor of Rochester; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 and 1832 from Monroe County, New York; Clerk of the Monroe County Court; Secretary of the State Senate of New York for four years; Clerk of the Court of Dernier Resort for four years; was Postmaster of Rochester; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-lifth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863. Andrews, Sherlock J. ; was born in "NValling- ford. Connecticut, in 1801 ; graduated at Union Col lege ; settled in Cleveland. Ohio, in 182."), and practiced law; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Commerce. Angel, Benjamin F.; was a citizen of New York ; in ls~>7 was appointed Minister Resident to Sweden and Norway. Anorel, William G.; was a native of New Shore- ham, Rhode Island : was elected a Representative in Congress from Burlington. Otsego County, New York, from 1825 to 1827. and again from 129 to 1833. and was a member of the Committees on Indian A Hairs and on Territories. Angell, James B.; was a resident of Michigan ; in 1880 was appointed United States Minister to China. Anthony, George T.; was Governor oi Kansas from 1877 to 1879. Anthony, Hem^y B.; was born in Coventry, Rhode Island. April 1. 1S15. of (Quaker ancestry ; graduated at Brown University in 1833 ; in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence Jour nal, which he retained until called to a seat in the United States Senate; was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849; re-elected in 1850, and declined a further re-election; was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Printing: was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1K71, again serving at the head of the Printing Committee and as a member of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affair s, Mines and Mining, and Post Offices and Post Roads; was a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866. On the meeting of the Forty-first Congress was elected President of the Senate, pro 1cm. Re-elected to the Senate in 1870, for the term ending 1877; was again re-elected in 1876, and again in 1882; died September 2, 1884. Anthony, Joseph B.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and Miliary Affairs;. died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17 r 1851. Appleton, John ; was born in Beverly, Massa chusetts, February 11, 1815; graduated at Bowdoiir, College, Maine, in 1834 ; was admitted to practice law at Portland, Maine, in 1H37. In the winter of l838- 39 became editor of a Democratic newspaper in that city, The Ettxleni Argus, and continued to be its editor for the next four or live years, during a part of which time he was also Register of Probate for the County of Cumberland. In 1845 accepted an in vitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Depart ment; subsequently succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the State Department, which was then pre sided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 was appoint ed, by President Polk, Charge d Afftiircxof the United States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, which he resigned after the election of General Tay lor, resumed the practice of law at Portland, in part nership with Nathan Clifford, subsequently one of the- Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States;, soon afterwards, in September. 1850, was elected,. from the Portland District, a member of the Thirty- second Congress. In 1855 joined Mr. Buchanan, then United States Minister to England, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of 1856. In 1857, having been obliged, by reason of ill-health, to decline the position of editor of the Wuxhintjton Union, which had been tendered him, was appointed, by President Bu chanan, Assistant Secretary of State. In May, I860, was appointed Minister to Russia. Died at Portland,. Maine, August 22, 1864. Appleton, John James ; was born at Calais, France, September 22, 1792, while his father was United States Consul at that place; graduated at Har vard University in 1813; was Secretary of Legation of the United States to Portugal, from 1819 to 1822, to. Spain, from 1822 to 1825; Charge d 1 Affaires to the Two Sicilies in 1825; and to Sweden in 1826. He re sided in France, where he owned a valuable estate. While at Stockholm he negotiated a treaty of Com merce. Died at Rennes, France, March 4, 1864. Appleton, Nathan ; was born at New Ipswich,. New Hampshire, October 6, 1779; entered Dartmouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after being invited by his brother to jo : n him in the mercantile business in Boston; became interested in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three origi nal founders of Lowell, Massachusetts; was, at dif ferent periods, a member of the Legislature of Massa chusetts; from 1831 to 1833 was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving on important committees; was again elected to Congress in 1842, but soon resigned his seat. Died at Boston, July 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was published by Robert C. Winthrop. Appleton, "William ; was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, November, 1786; was educated for mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged exten sively and successfully for more than fifty years; took a prominent part in various public and benevolent enterprises: gave much attention to banking and finan cial operations; was for some years, and until the close of the institution, President of the Boston branch of the Bank of the United States; in 1850 was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachu- 12 BIOGRAPHICAL A N X A L S . -setts; was re-elected iu 185:7; was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Died at Boston, in Febru ary, 1862. Archer, John; was born in Harford County, Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760; studied theology, but, on account of a throat affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medi cal College, receiving the first medical diploma ever issued in the New World; at the commencement of the Revolution had command of a military company; -was a member of the State Legislature; and after the -war practiced his profession; was a Presidential elector in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807; died in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him, which have been adopted by the profession. Archer, Stevenson ; was born in Harford County, Maryland; graduated at Princeton College in 1805; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals; was -elected a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge in Mississippi Territory; was chosen a Representative in Congress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; in 1845 was ap pointed Chief Justice of Maryland, which office he held until his death, in 1848. He was the son of -John Archer. Archer, Stevenson ; was born in Harford -County, Maryland, 1827; graduated at Princeton College in 1846; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Maryland Legislature in 1854; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees -on Naval Affairs, Expenditures on Public Buildings. and Education in the District of Columbia. His father, bearing the same name, and his grandfather, .John Archer, were both Representatives in Congress from the same District which he represented. Re- elected to the Forty-first Congress; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868; also re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses. Archer, William S.; was born in Amelia Coun ty, Virginia, March 5, 1789; came of a Welsh family, -a number of whom acquitted themselves with honoi in the Revolutionary War; obtained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of the day; graduated at the College of William and Mary studied law; in 1812 was elected to the State Legis lature, where he served, excepting one year, unti 1819; in 1820 was elected a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, where he remained until 1835, taking an active part in all matters of national im portance, and exerting a wide influence, especially as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs anc member of the Committee on the Missouri Com promise. In 1841 was elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until 1847, having, from the first, been placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations in that body. By his publi acts, he commanded the respect of the country, and by the charms of his private character won the friend ship of many of the leading men of his day. On his retirement from public life, he devoted himself tc the improvement of his paternal estate; and dice March 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had beei afflicted for twenty years. Armfleld, Robert Franklin; was born in Guil ford County, North Carolina, July 9, 1829; receivec a collegiate education; adopted the profession of the law; was County Attorney from 1855 to 1861; State solicitor for the Sixth District from 1863 to 1865; erved in the Confederate Army as Lieutenant-Colonel luring the War of the Rebellion; was President of he State Senate and Lieutenant-Governor in 1875 xnd 1876; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con- ;resses. Armor, Charles Lee ; was born in Virginia; was appointed, from Maryland, an Associate Judge of the United States Court, for the Territory of Colorado. Armstrong, David H.; was born in Nova Scotia, October 21, 1812; received an academic education, and was a teacher for eighteen years; in 1837 removed to Missouri, opening, in 1838, and conducting, in St. Louis, the first public school established under the laws of that State; in 1847 was appointed Comptrol ler of the city of St. Louis and re-appointed in 1848 and 1849; in 1854 was appointed, by President Pierce, Postmaster of St. Louis; was appointed a United States Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis V. Bogy, whose term of service would have expired March 3, 1879. Armstrong, John; was a native of Pennsylva nia; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs; in 1776, Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to that of Brigadier-General, and he assisted in the de fense of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of German- town; in 1777 resigned his commission in consequence of dissatisfaction as to rank; was subsequently elected a Representative to Congress from Pennsylvania, serv ing from 1793 to 1795; also held a number of other hon orable offices. Died at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. March 9, 1795, a few days after the expiration of his term in Congress. Armstrong, John ; was born in Carlisle, Penn sylvania, November 25, 1755, and served as an officer in the Revolutionary War. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances of the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated "Newburgh Letters; " was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1778 and 1787, from Pennsylvania; was made Secretary of State and Adjutant-General of the State; to him was intrusted the direction of the last Pennsylvania war against the Connecticut settlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chancellor Livingston from the French embassy, was commissioned Minister in his place, in 1804; and was also appointed a Commissioner Plenipoten tiary to Spain. Returning to his own country, was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1812; in 1813, Sec retary of War, by President Madison, which position he resigned in consequence of difficulties growing out of the capture of Washington. From that time he lived in retirement. He published a brief history of the last war with England; died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843. Armstrong, Moses K.; was born at Milan, Ohio, September 19, 1832; was educated at the Western Reserve College; removed to Minnesota in 185(5; was fleeted Surveyor of United States Lands; on the admission of Minnesota as a State, removed to Yankton, on the Missouri River; on the organ i/a- tion of Dakota, in 1861, was elected to the First Ter ritorial Legislature, and re-elected in 18(52 and 1863, serving the last year as Speaker; was editor of The Dakota Union in 1864; was elected Territorial Treas urer; appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court in 1865; B 1 O G R A P H I C A L A N X A L 8 . elected to the Territorial Senate in 18G(i, eliosen President in 1867; published the first history of Da kota, in 1867; acted as Secretary to the Indian Peace Commi.ssion to the Sioux; from 1866 to 18G9 estab lished {lie base-lines for United States surveys in Southern Dakota, and the Northern lied River Valley; was again elected to the Territorial Senate in 1869; established the first Democratic, newspaper in the Territory; was chosen President of the First National Bank of the Territory in 1872; was elected Delegate to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses. Armstrong-, S. T.; was elected Lieutenant-Gov ernor of Massachusetts in 1S36, and was soon called upon to act as Governor of the State, in the place of John Davis. Armstrong 1 , William ; was born in Lisburn, Antrim County, Ireland, December 23, 1782; came to this country in 1792; received a limited education; studied law in Winchester, Virginia; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. In 1813 was appointed, by President Madison, Collector for the Sixth District of Virginia; in 18L8 and 1819 was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates; in 1822 and 1823, a member of the Board of Public Works; in 1820. and 1824 was a Presidential Elector; for many years a Justice of the Peace; one year High Sheriff of Hamp shire County; was a Representative in Congress from l82,-> to 18J3. Armstrong-, "William H.; was born in Williams- port. Pennsylvania, September 7, 1824; graduated at Princeton College in 1847; adopted the profession of the law; was elected to the State Legislature in I860 and ISb l; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and the Civil Ser vice: in 1S82 was appointed Commissioner of Rail roads in the Department of the Interior. Arnell, Samuel M.; was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 3, Ib33; his grandfather having been a soldier in the Revolution, and acquitted himself with credit at "King s Mountain;" was educated for the Church, but taught a classic school and studied law; in 1859 went into the business of manufacturing leather; in 1801 took an active interest in putting down the Rebellion, and suffered in person and property from the Confederate Army; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature, and advocated the passage of the Constitutional Amendment in 1865; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session and serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses, serving on the Committee on Accounts and as Chairman of that on Expenditures in the State Department. Arnold, Benedict; was a member of the As sembly of New York from Amsterdam, Montgomery County, in 1816 and 1817; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1829 to 1831. Arnold, Isaac N.; was born in Hardwicke, Ot- sego County, New York, in November, 1815 ; while engaged in acquiring an education taught school ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835; in 1836 removed to Chicago, Illinois; in 1837 was First Clerk of the City of Chicago; in 1843 was elected to the Illinois Legislature, and took an active part in the canal improvements ; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; was for a time Attorney for the Illinois and Michigan Canal; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Select Committee on the Defenses and Fortifications of the Great Lakes and Rivers. In 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and as Chairman of that on Roads and Canals. In May, 1865, was appointed, by President Johnson, Sixth Auditor of the Treasury; in 1866 published a "His tory of Abraham Lincoln." Arnold, Jonathan; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, December 14, 1741; was a member of the State Assembly in 1776; was author of the Act of May, 1776, repealing the laws providing for the oath of allegiance to the mother country; was a sur geon in the Revolutionary Army; after the war re moved to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, where he was- appointed Judge of the Orange County Court in 1782, holding that office during the remainder of his lifej was a member of the Continental Congress from 1782; to 1784. Died in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, February 2, 1798. Arnold, Lemuel H.; was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, January 29, 1792; removed to Rhode Island at an early age; graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1811; was educated for the bar, but turned his at tention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831 was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and re-elected in 1832; was a member of the Governor s Council during the Dorr Rebellion in 1842; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847. Died in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852. Arnold, Peleg-; was a member of the Assembly of Rhode Island; was for many years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State; was a. Delegate to- the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788, when he was app >inted Judge. Died in Smithfield, Rhode Island, February 13, 1820, aged sixty-eight years. Arnold, Samuel; was born in Haddarn, Mid dlesex County, Connecticut, June 1, 1806; received his education at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and Westfield Academy, in Massachusetts; devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits, and to> various interests of commerce; also for many years carried on one of the most extensive stone quarries in \ the Union; was, for a number of years, President of the Bank of East Haddam ; served his native county in the Legislature during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, ! and 1851 ; was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Representative from Connecticut, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Claims. Arnold, Samuel G-.; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, April 12, 18-21; graduated at Brown University in 1841, having taken a year from the course to travel in Europe and the East; spent two> years in a counting-house in Providence, and again visited Europe ; spent two years at the Harvard Law School, and, having graduated, came to the bar in 1845; instead of practicing, again visited Europe and also South America. In 1852 was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Rhode Island; in 1859 and 1860 published the "History of the State of Rhode Island," a work upon which he had long been engaged; in 1861 was a Delegate to the Peace Convention, and again chosen Lieuteuant-Governor of the State; on the breaking out of the Rebellion took the field, for a few weeks, in command of a battery of artillery, as aide-de-camp- to Governor Sprague. In 1862 was again elected Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards chosen Senator in Congress, for the unex- piiecl term of J. F. Simmons, resigned, serving on- the Committees on Commerce and Claims. 14 B I O G R A P H 1 C A L ANNALS. .Arnold, Thomas D. ; was elected a Represent ative in Congress from Knox County, Tennessee, from 1831 to 18:53; was elected for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, representing Greenville County; and was a member of the Committees on Elections and Claims. Arnot, John, Jr. ; was born at Elmira, New York, March 31, 1831; was educated at a private : school at Northampton, Massachusetts; was three times President of the village of Elmira, and was the first Mayor after its incorporation ; was, subsequently, twice elected Mayor; became Cashier of the Chemuiig Canal Bank, in 1851, and continued in that position; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- jilath Congress. Arrington, H. Archibald ; was born in North Carolina; represented that State in Congress from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to private life; -was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. His son, Alfred W. Arring- ton, attained distinction as a Methodist preacher, a lawyer, and judge, and a writer for the magazines under the assumed name of Charles Summerfield, re siding in North Carolina, Arkansas, Indiana, Mis souri, and Illinois. Arthur, Chester A.; was born at Fairfield, .Franklin County, Vermont, October 5, 1830; removed, with his parents, to Central New York, in his boy hood; entered Union College in 1845, when fifteen years of age, and, after a brilliant course, graduated in 1848; his resources being limited, Jie taught school, in addition to prosecuting his studies at College, dur ing two winters of his collegiate course; began the /study of law upon leaving College; was Principal of an Academy at North Pownal, Vermont, in 1851 ; re moved to New York City in 1853, and was soon after admitted to the bar; entered upon the practice of his profession there at once and attained eminence; in J86 was appointed Engineer-in-Chief on the staff of ^Governor Morgan, and discharged the duties of the office with marked ability until the expiration of his term in 1863; in 1862 was appointed Inspector-Gen- jeral of New York, in addition to his other duties; was Collector of the Port of New York from 1871 to 1878; in 1879 was elected Chairman of the Republi can State Committee; in 1880 was elected Vice-Pres ident of the United States; in September, 1881, be came President of the United States by the death of President Garfield. Arthur, William B.; was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 3, 1825; removed with his parents to Coving- ton, Kentucky, where he was educated; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; was elected At torney for the Ninth Judicial District, and served from 1856 to 1862; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District in 1866, for a full term, but resigned in two years; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv ing on the Committees on Elections and Railways and Canals. Asboth, Alexander Sandor ; was born in Kesz- thely, County of Zaln, Hungary, December 18, 1811; studied at Oedenburg; served in the Austrian army, and afterwards devoted himself to engineering. In 1848 and 1849 took the side of the Liberals in the Hungarian army; was in several battles, and at tained the rank of Adjutant-General; went with Kossuth to Turkey, and was imprisoned with him at Kutaiah; on their release in 1851 came to the United States on the frigate Miatiiixippi, and became a citi zen; was a farmer, engineer, and manufacturer until 1861, when he offered his services to the government, and. went Jus chief of Fremont s staff to Missouri; was made a Brigadier-General, and commanded the Western Division in Fremont s campaign, which formed the rearguard at Holla; was with General Curtis in Arkansas, and was wounded in the battle of Pea Ridge; in 1863 commanded at Columbus, Ken tucky, and then in West Florida, where he was again wounded; in 1865 was breveted Major-General for his services in Florida; was appointed Minister to the Argentine Republic in 1866. Died in conse quence of his wounds, at Buenos Ayres, January 21, 1868. Ash, Michael W. ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. Ashe, John Baptiste; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac: was elected Governor of the State of North Carolina in 1801. Died November 27, 1802. Ashe, John B. ; was a son of John Baptute Ashe ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ten nessee, from 1843 to 1845. representing the Tenth District, and serving as a member of the Committees on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the State and Treasury Departments. Ashe, Samuel ; was born in North Carolina in 1725, and brother of General John B. Ashe, of the old Congress; was a lawyer of ability, a citizen of exalted patriotism, and a soldier in emergencies; was a lead ing member of the North Carolina Congress; Chief Justice of the State from 1777 to 1796: Governor of North Carolina from 1795 to 1798. Died at Rocky Point, North Carolina, February 3, 1813. Ashe, Thomas S. ; was born in Orange County, North Carolina; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1832; studied law and pursued that pro fession; in 1842 was elected a member of the Legis lature of North Carolina; in 1847 was elected Solici tor of the Fifth Judicial District of North Carolina, t .nd served in that capacity four years; in 1S54 was elected to the State Senate; in 1861 was elected to the House of Representatives of the Confederate States; to the Senate of the Confederate Congress in 18(54; was one of the Councilors of State in 18(56; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures. Ashe, "William S. ; was born in Wilmington. North Carolina, and was the son of John Baptiste Ashe; was a lawyer by profession ; served in the State Legislature in 1846, and was re-elected in 184S; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853, serv ing on the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Was killed on a railroad, near Wil^ mington, in 1864. Ashley , Chester ; was born at Westfield, Massa chusetts, June 1, 1790; was removed in infancy to Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached the age of twenty-seven; then went to Illinois, and after practicing law in that State for two years, re moved to the Territory of Arkansas, and established himself in Little Rock, then a mere landing; was chosen a Senator in Congress from Arkansas in 1844 and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in that body; served until his death, which occurred in Washington City, April 29, 1848. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 15 .Ashley, Delos R. ; received a good education; studied law in Monroe, Michigan: went to California in 1849, where he held the office of District Attorney in 1851, 1852 and 1853; was a member of the Cali fornia Assembly in 1854 and 1855; a State Senator in 1856 and 1857; State Treasurer in 1862 and 1863: early in 18(J4 removed to Nevada, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining, and on that on Free Schools in the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Died in San Francisco, July 18, 1873. Ashley, Henry; was born in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; was elected a Representative in Con gress from Delaware and Greene counties, New York, from 1825 to 1827. Ashley, James M. ; was born in Pennsylvania, November 14, 1824; was self educated; became an adventurer at the age of fifteen, at one time acting as clerk on the store-boats of the Ohio and Mississippi; then doing service in a printing-office: studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1H49: but, instead of practicing his profession, went into the business of boat-building, and was connected with the press; subsequently settled at Toledo, and went into the wholesale drug business; was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Territories; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and under his immediate supervision the Territories of Arizona, Idaho, and Montana were organized. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again at the head of the Committee on Terri tories, and as a member of those on Unfinished Busi ness and Mines and Mining: was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 18(J(J: was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; subsequently ap pointed Governor of Montana. Ashley, "William H. : was born in Powhatan County. Virginia: emigrated to Missouri, then Upper Louisiana, in 1808. and settled near the Lead Mines. In 1822 projected the scheme of the "Mountain Ex pedition. by uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and trapping business: enlisted about three hundred hardy men in the busi ness, and. after various successes and reverses, hav ing sustained numerous losses by Indian robbery and river disasters, he and his associates realized a hand some fortune: was the first Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, after it became a State: was a Represent ative in Congress, from 18:U to 1S37; died near lloonville. Missouri, March 26, 1838. Ashmore, John D. ; was born in Greenville Dis trict. South Carolina. August 7. 1819; served as a merchant s clerk for several years, and then taught school until he became of age; studied law. but, in stead of following that profession, turned his atten tion to agriculture: when quite young filled various offices in the State Militia: was a member of the South Carolina Legislature in 1848, 1850, and 1852: in 1853 was elected Comptroller-General of the State for two years, and was re-elected for a second term; was subsequently elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress. With drew in December. I860. Ashmun, Eli Porter : was a distinguished law yer, and for several years a member of the House of Representatives and Senate of Massachusetts; in 181G was elected to succeed C. Gore as Senator from that State in CYmgress; resigned in 1818; died at North ampton, Massachusetts, May 10, 1819, aged forty- eight. Ashmun, George ; was born inBandford, Mass achusetts, December 25, 1804; graduated at Yale College in 1823: studied law, and settled in Spring field in 1828; served in the State Legislature during the years 1833, 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating as Speaker of the House in the latter year; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851, serving as a member of the Committees on the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and Rules; in 1860 was elected Presi dent of the Chicago Convention, convened to nomi nate a President and Vice President; was subsequent ly appointed a Director of the Union Pacific Rail road; in 1866 was chosen a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention," but did not take part in its proceedings. Died at Springfield, Massachusetts, July 10, 1870. Ashton, J. Hubley ; was a citizen of Pennsyl vania, from which State he was, in 1864, appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, serving three years; re-appointed in 1868, serving one year; was subsequently associated with the Court for the settlement of the Alabama Claims. Aspsr, Joel F. ; was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, April 20, 1822; removed with his father to Ohio in 1830; worked on a farm and attended school alternately; studied law and came to the bar in 1844, writing frequently for the newspapers; was elected a Justice of the Peace in 1846, and in 1847 Prosecuting Attorney for his County; was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention of 1848; editor of the Wcxtern Rc.ierre Chronicle in 1849, and of the Chnrdon Democrat in 1850; in 1861 raised a company and was mustered into the Volunteer Army as Captain, serving at the battle of Winchester, where he was wounded; was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 18(12: in 1863 was mustered out of service " on account of wounds received in action." In the latter year organized a regiment of National Guards and became its Colonel, and, with it, was at the battle of Kellar s Bridge in 1864; for his services there was highly com- plimented: in that year removed to Missouri; in 1866 started a paper at Chillicothe, Missouri, called the Hpi cfnfin; and, while editing that journal and practicing law, was, in 1868, elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; died at his home in October, 1872. Astor, "William "Waldorf; was born in New York City, March 31, 1848; was chiefly educated by private tutors at his home, and in Europe; graduated from Columbia College Law School in 1875; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878; a S^ate Senator in 1880 and 1881; was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Italy in 1882. Atchison, David R. ; was born in Frogtown, Fayette County, Kentucky, August 11, 1807; was educated for the bar; removed to Missouri in 1830; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1834 and 1838. In 1841 was appointed Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court; during the year 1843 was ap pointed a Senator in Congress, to which position he was subsequently elected for two successive terms, serving until 1855, frequently at the head of impor tant committees, and for several sessions as President pro tcmpore of the Senate; upon his retirement from BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Senate he turned his attention to agriculture; died in 1886. Atherton, Charles G-. ; was born in Amherst, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, July 4, 1804; graduated at Cambridge in 1822; studied law, but en gaged in politics when quite young; was for many years in the Legislature of New Hampshire,- and for three years Speaker of the House; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1837 to 1843: a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849; in November, 1852, was elected a Senator to till a vacancy; died of apoplexy in Manchester, New Hampshire, November 15, 1853. Atherton, Charles H.; was born in Amherst, New Hampshire, August 14, 1773; graduated at Harvard College in 1794; held the office of Register of Probate from 1798 to 1807; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1817; stood at the head of the bar in Hillsborough County for many years; was a member of the State Legislature in 18:23, and again in 1838 and 1839; died in Amherst, January 8, 1853. Atherton, Gibson ; was born in Licking County, Ohio, January 19, 1831 ; graduated at Miami Univer sity, Ohio, in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855, and engaged in practice at Newark, Ohio; was Prosecuting Attorney from 1857 to 1863; was Mayor, from 1860 to 1864; was a Delegate to the j Democratic National Convention of 1876; was elected j a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-sixth and j Forty-seventh Congresses. Atkins, John D. C.; was born in Henry County, Tennessee, June 4, 1825; graduated at the East Ten nessee University in 1846; studied law; was elected a member of the Legislature in 1849, and in 1851 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1855; chosen a Presidential Elector in 1856; elected a Representative in Congress in 1857; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Tennessee Regiment in the Confederate Army in 1861; was elected to the Confederate Provisional Congress in August, 1861, and re-elected in 18(53; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses; in March, 1885, was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Atkinson, Archibald ; was born in Isle of Wight County, Virginia, September 13, 1792; left school at the age of eighteen; entered the office of the Clerk of the County Court, and performed the duties of copyist, devoting his leisure time to the study of law, which he completed at the Law School of Wil liam and Mary College. In 1813 joined the troops at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteer company which was attached to the 29th Regiment, and was at the battle of Craney Island. Upon leaving the army, commenced the practice of law in Smithh eld, and was a member of the General Assembly from 1815 to* 1817, and also of the House of Delegates and State Senate for several years. In 1843 was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Virginia, and served j until 1848; was a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Commerce; was Prosecuting Attorney for his county twenty years, Mayor of Srnithfield, and a Magistrate. Died at Isle of Wight, January 10, 1872. Atkinson, Henry M.; was born in Wheeling, Virginia, September 9, 1838; removed to Ohio, in 1846, with his parents; was educated chiefly at the Denverson University, Ohio, and in Connecticut; re moved to Nebraska in 1857, and engaged in the land agency business; studied law and came to the bar in 1861; served as Adjutant of Cavalry, and, in 1864, became Provost-Marshal for Southern Nebraska; from 1867 to 1871 was Register of the Land Office in Ne braska; subsequently turned his attention to the law and railroad building ; in 1 873 was appointed a Special Commissioner to Mexico; in May, 1875, was ap pointed Commissioner of Pensions in Washington. Atkinson, Louis E.; was born in Juniata Coun ty, Pennsylvania, April 16, 1841; received a comrnon- school and academic education; studied medicine and graduated at ttie Medical Department of the Univer sity of the City of NCAV York in March, 1861; served in the Union Army, as Assistant-Surgeon and Sur geon, from 1861 to 1866; being unable to practice medicine on account of disabilities contracted in the army, studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870, and engaged in practice at Mifliintown, Pennsylvania ; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Atkinson, Robert J.; was born in Ohio: in 1854 was appointed from that State Third Auditor of the Treasury, and remained in office until 1855, after which, until his death, he was engaged in the prose cution of Claims before the Departments. Atkinson, Theodore ; was born in New Castle, New Hampshire, December 20, 1697; graduated at Harvard University in 1718; was Secretary of tlu: Colony in 1741, Chief Justice in 1754, and Major- General of Militia in 1769, but the Revolution de prived him of all these offices; was a Delegate to the Congress at Albany in 1754, and was one of the Com mittee that drew up the plan of Union for the defense of the Colonies; was for many years in the Legisla ture and Council; also held the office of Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas; was Colonel of Militia, and in active service during the French and Indian wars; was Collector of Portsmouth, and Sheriff. At his death, he left two hundred pounds to the Episcopal Church of New Hampshire, the interest to be spent in bread for the poor. Died September 22, 1779. At Lee, Samuel John ; was born in 1738: com manded a Pennsylvania company in the French war; and in 1776 commanded an advanced battalion on Long Island; was made prisoner and remained some time in the hands of the British; was afterwards a Commis sioner to treat with the Indians; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 177rt to 1782, and one of the Committee on the meeting of Pennsylvania troops in 1781. Died in Philadelphia in November, 1786. Aulick, John H.; was born in Virginia; was ap pointed Midshipman in the United States Navy, No vember 15, ]H09; Master s Mate in the action between the Enterprise and JJo.ccr, September 4, 1813; Lieu tenant, December 9, 181*4; Commander, March 3, 1831 ; Captain, September 8, 1841; Commodore on retired list, July 16, 1862; commanded sloop I incenncs in, 1837; East India squadron in 1852 and 1853; in 1851 was empowered to obtain permission to purchase sup plies for the United States steamers in .Japan, and to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce with that Empire; commenced the important work which was completed by Commodore M. C. Perry. Austin, Archibald ; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. Austin, Horace; was born in Connecticut in 1831; received an academic education; taught school; removed to Maine, and there studied law; in 1856 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 17 removed to Minnesota, where* he practiced his pro fession; served as a Captain, under General Sibley, against the Indians in 1863; in 1864 was elected a District Judge; in 1809 was elected Governor of Min nesota, and re-elected for a second term; on account of his health he retired to private life until 1876, when he was appointed Third Auditor of the United States Treasury in Washington. Averett, Thomas H.; was born in Virginia; was a resident of Halifax County; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and on Revisal, and Unfinished Business. Averill, John T. ; was born in Alna, Maine, March 8, 1825; completed his studies at the Maine Wesleyan University; was a manufacturer; was elected to the State Senate of Minnesota in 1858 and 1859 ; entered the Union Army in 1862 as Lieutenant-Colo nel of the Sixth Minnesota Infantry, and was mus tered out in 1865, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers; was elected to the Forty-second Congress; re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Avery, Benjamin P.; was born in New York city in 1829; received a good English education; learned the art of wood-engraving; removed to Cali fornia in 1849 and had some experience among the miners; in 1856 established a weekly paper, at North San Juan, called the Hydraulic Press; in 1860 joined the Marysville Appeal as assistant editor; in 1861 was chosen State Printer; was subsequently connected with the San Francisco Bulletin; in 1872 became the editor of the Overland Monthly; in 1874 was appointed Minister to China. Died in Pekin, November 8, 1875. He had the reputation of being a bold, forcible, and elegant writer, and was in every way a man of culture; was one of the founders of the San Francisco Art Association. Avery, Daniel ; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1815; and again, from 1816 to 1817. Resided in Cayuga County. Avery, William T. ; was born in Maury County, Tennessee, November 11, 1819 ; early in life was thrown upon his own resources for education and support; was a lawyer by profession; was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1843; held several creditable positions in his native State; was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Expenditures in the State Department, and on Private Land Claims. Re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Axtell, Samuel B.; was born in Franklin County, Ohio, October 14, 1819; was educated at Oberlin, and Western Reserve Colleges; studied and practiced law; emigrated to California in 1851; was elected a Rep resentative from that State to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Com merce and Weights and Measures. In 1874 was ap pointed Governor of Utah ; in 1875 was appointed to the same position in New Mexico; in 1876 was se lected as one of the Judges at the Centennial Exhi bition; in 1882 was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico. Aycrig g , John B. ; was born in New York ; was elected a Representative in Congress from New Jer sey from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and the Joint Commit- 2 tee on the Library, and on Invalid Pensions; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; was a candidate for elec tion to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but, although he came with the Broad Seal of New Jersey, was not admitted. Ayer, Richard S. ; was born in Waldo County, Maine, October 9, 1829; received a common school education; engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits; at the breaking out of the Rebellion en listed as a private in the Fourth Maine Volunteers, and was promoted to a captaincy, which position he held for three years, serving at the first battles of Bull Run, Seven Pines, and Malvern Hill; in 1865 removed to Virginia; in 1867 was elected a Delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention ; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several committees. Babbitt, Elijah ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1796; received a common school and aca demic education, in the States of New York and Penn sylvania; studied law in the latter State, and was admitted to the bar in 1824; was Prosecuting Attor ney for the State in 1833; served in the State Legis lature in 1836 and 1837; was a State Senator in 1844 and 1845; was elected a Representative from Penn sylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress. Babcock, Alfred ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Babcock, Leander; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Babcock, "William ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Public Accounts. Baber, Ambrose ; was a citizen of Georgia, and, in 1841, was appointed Charge d Affaires to Sardinia,; remaining there until 1843. Bache, Alexander Dallas ; was born in Phila delphia, July 19, 1806; graduated at West Point in 1825; served there one year as Assistant Professor; was Lieutenant of Engineers until his resignation in 1829 ; engaged in constructing Fort Adams and other works at the entrance of Narragansett Bay; from 18271 to 1832 was Professor of Mathematics in the Univer sity of Pennsylvania; then took charge of the organi zation of Girard College; spent some time in 1836 inspecting the great schools of Europe, publishing upon his return a valuable work on the subject; in 1839 resigned his connection with this college; in 1841 was made Principal of the Philadelphia High School; in 1843 was appointed Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey; was one of the founders of the American Association for the Promotion of Science; in 1855 was made President of the American Philosophical Society; was an active and efficient member of the United States Sanitary Commission throughout the Civil War; the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the University of New York in 1836; by the University of Pennsylvania in 1837, and by Harvard University in 1851; in 1846 was made Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; in 1833 edited Brewster s "Optics," with notes; in 1840 to 1845 published "Observations" at the Observatory of Girard College; in 1834, Report of Experiments to navigate the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal by steam. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 17, 1867. 18 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bachman, Reuben KL. ; was born at Williams, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1834; passed his boyhood upon his father s farm; received a common school education; taught school for a few years; afterwards engaged in mercantile and milling business at Dur ham, Pennsylvania; held no public office prior to his election as a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth Congress. Backus, Henry T.; was a native of Norwich, Connecticut ; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Detroit in Michigan, where he was for many years devoted to his profession ; was subsequently appointed an Asso ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter ritory of Arizona. Bacon, Ezekiel; was born in Stockbridge, Massa chusetts, September 1, 1776; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1794; was a member of the State Legislature in 1805 and 1806; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1807 to 1813; Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1813; First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1813 to 1815; removed to Utica, New York, and was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1821. In 1843 published Recollections of Fifty Years Since. Died in Utica, October 18, 1870. Bacon, John ; was born in Canterbury, Connect icut, in 1737; graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1765; studied theology; after preaching for a time in Maryland, removed to Massachusetts, and settled in Boston. Owing to some difficulties with his con gregation, he relinquished the ministry, and subse quently held the positions of magistrate, Representa tive in the State Legislature, Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a member and President of the State Senate, and that of Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1803. Died in Berkshire County, October 25, 1820. Bacon, John E.; was born in Edgefield County, South Carolina, in 1830; received a thorough academic education and afterwards entered the South Carolina College, at Columbia, in that State, from which in stitution he graduated with high honor; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced the practice of law; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, Russia; resigned in 1859 and returned to South Car olina; in 1860 entered the Confederate service as a private ; served throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Major; after the close of the war resumed the practice of law in his native State; in 1868 was elected District Judge; in 1870 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1872 removed to Columbia, South Carolina; in 1878 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and devoted himself to se curing the re-establishment of the South Carolina College, which end he accomplished after a long and laborious struggle; was several times a member of the Democratic County and State Executive Commit tees; in 1884 was a Presidential Elector; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Charge d Affaires to Paraguay and Uruguay. Bacon, William Johnson ; was born at Wil- liamstown, Massachusetts, February 18, 1803; re moved to Utica, New York, in 1814; graduated at Hamilton College in 1822; studied law in Utica and finished his legal education at the Litchfield Law School in 1824; was appointed Corporation Counsel for the city of Utica in 1837; was a member of the State Assembly in 1850; was elected a Trustee of Hamilton College in 1851; in 1853 was elected a Justice of the Supreme. Court of the State for a term of eight years, and was re-elected, serving until 1870; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Badger, George E. ; was born in the town of Newbern, North Carolina, in 1795; graduated at Yale College in 1813; studied and practiced law; was elected to the Legislature in 1816; in 1820 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, which position he re signed in 1825; was appointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Harrison, in 1841 ; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1846, and re-elected in 1849 for a term of six years, serving on the Committees on Military and Naval Affairs; was subsequently wholly devoted to the practice of his profession, visiting Washington occasionally to argue cases in the Supreme Court of the United States; died at Raleigh, North Carolina. May 11, 1866. Badger, Luther; was born in Partridgefield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 10, 1785; removed to Broome County, New York, in 1786. Having made sufficient progress in the common branches of an English education, entered Hamilton College at the age of nineteen, and spent two years there. In 1807 commenced the study of law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1812, and continued to practice his profession until 1824, when he was elected a Rep resentative to the Nineteenth Congress; had been engaged in military services in his State, and in 1819 was appointed, by Governor Clinton, Judge-Advocate for the Twenty -seventh Brigade of Infantry of New York State, which office he held for eight years. In 1832 resumed the practice of law, and in 1840 was appointed Examiner in Chancery and Commissioner of United States Loans, which office he held for three years. From 1846 to 1849 was United States District Attorney for New York. Badger, William ; was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, January 13, 1779; his youth was passed in mercantile pursuits; was a member of the Legis lature from 1810 to 1812, and of the Senate from 1814 to 1816; President of that body in 1816; an Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to 1821; High Sheriff of Stafford County, New Hamp shire from 1822 to 1832; Governor of the State from 1834 to 1836; died September 21, 1852. Baer, George ; was born in Frederick, Maryland; was engaged in various branches of business: was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1797 to 1801, and again from 1815 to 1817; died in Fred erick at an advanced age. Bagby, Arthur P. ; was born in Virginia, in 1794; was liberally educated; adopted the profession of law, and settled in Alabama in 1818; was elected a member of the Legislature in 1820 and 1822, and was Speaker of the House; was Governor of Alabama from 1837 to 1843; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1842 to 1849. His last public posi tion was that of Minister to Russia, to which he was appointed in 1848; died of yellow fever, at Mobile, September 21, 1858. Bagby, John C. ; was born in Glasgow, Barren County, Kentucky, January 24, 1819; was educated at Bacon College; studied law and went to the bar in 1846; in that year removed to Rushville, Illinois, where he practiced his profession; in 1874, without seeking the nomination, was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress. Bagley, George A. ; was born in Watertown, Jefferson County, N^w York, July 22, 1826; received BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. an academic education; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1847; practiced for six years, when he engaged in the manufacture of iron and machinery; was Supervisor of the town of Water- to \vn a number of years, Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Jetferson County; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Representative from New York; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Bagley, John H., Jr.; was born at Hudson, New York, November 26, 1832; received a common-school education; in 1851 went to California and engaged in mining and other pursuits; returned to New York and engaged in steam-boating on the Hudson River; settled at Catskill, New York, as a merchant; served lour terms as Supervisor of the town; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress; also elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. I Bagley, John J.; was born in Medina, Orleans | County, New York, July 24, 1832; went to Michigan in 1840, and settled in Detroit; received a common- school education; devoted himself to mercantile and | manufacturing pursuits; in Detroit held the local ollices of member of the Board of Education, Alder man, and Police Commissioner; in 1872 was elected Governor of Michigan, and re-elected to the same office in 1874. Died July 27, 1881. Bailey, Alexander H.; was born in Minisink, Orange County, New York, August 14, 1817; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1838; studied and prac ticed law; in 1840, 1841, and 1842 was Examiner in Chancery for Greene County; was a Justice of the Peace at Catskill for four years; was a member of the 8tatc Assembly in 1849; was Judge of Greene County for four years from 1851; was a member of the State Senate from 1861 to 1864; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Fortieth Congress, in the place of Roscoe Conkling, resigned, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and Expen ditures in the Interior Department. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on important Com mittees. Died in Rome, New York, April 20, 1874. Bailey, David J. ; was born in Georgia ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Bailey, Goldsmith F.; was born in Westmore land, New Hampshire, July 17, 1823; finished his education at the age of sixteen; became a printer and edited a country paper; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1848; in 1856 was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts; in 1858 and I860, to the Senate of the State ; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Congress. His health was impaired when he took his seat in Congress, and he died at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, May 8, 1862. Bailey, James E.; was born in Montgomery County, Tennessee, August 15, 1822; was educated at the Clarksville Academy, and the University of Ten nessee; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Clarksville, Tennessee, in 1840; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1853; was elected a Sena tor of the United States from Tennessee to lill the va cancy caused by the death of Andre w Johnson, serv ing from January, 1877, to March 3, 1881. Died at his home in Clarksville, Tennessee, December 29, 1885. Bailey, Jeremiah ; was born at Little Compton, Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University, and studied law; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1811 to 1814; a Judge of Probate from 1814 to 1835; was a Representative in Congress from Lincoln County, Maine, from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Post Office Department; was Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 1849 to 1853, and died in July of the latter year. Bailey, John ; was born in Norfolk County, Massachusetts; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1815 to 1818; a clerk in the Depart ment of State for six years; a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts from 1823 to 1831, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Ex penditures in the State Department; was a State Senator in 1831 and 1834; died at Dorchester, Mas sachusetts, June 16, 1835. Bailey, John M.; was born at Bcthleham, New York, August 24, 1838; graduated at Union College in 1861; studied law; in 1862 entered the Union Army as First Lieutenant; in 1864 commenced the practice of law ; was Assistant District Attorney of; Albany County, New York, in 1865, 1866, and 1867; was Collector of Internal Revenue four years; in 1874 was elected District Attorney, and served three years ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of T. J. Cjuinn; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Bailey, Theodoms; was born in 1752; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1803; was a Senator 1 in Congress from 1803 to 1804, when he resigned and , was appointed Postmaster of New York city. He died September 6, 1828. Baily, Joseph ; was born on the Brandywine battle-ground, Chester County, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1810; received a limited education through his own exertions, on account of the moderate circum stances of his father, and was early apprenticed to a mechanical business, which was his first step to emi nent success. From 1839 to 1845 represented his native county in both branches of the Legislature, and from. 1850 to 1854 represented Perry County in the State Senate; in 1854 was Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania; in 1860 was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Con- 1 gress, serving on the Connnittees on Agriculture and Printing; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the same Committees; was one of the twelve Democrats in Congress who voted for the Constitutional Amendment abolishing slavery. Baird, Spencer Fullerton ; was born at Read ing, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1823; graduated at Dickinson College; in 1846 was made Professor ofc Natural Sciences in that institution; was appointed^ Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 1850; was the editor and translator of the "Icono- graphic Encyclopedia," 4 vols., 8 vo, in 1851; author I of papers on Zoology, and of reports on Natural His tory collections, made by Stansbury, Marcy, and Gillis, of the Mexican Boundary and Pacific Rail road Surveys; "The Birds of North America," 2 vols., 4to, 1860; "Mammals of North America," 4to, 1861; he has also made many valuable contributions to the publications of the Journal of Sciences, Phila delphia, and the Smithsonian Institution. His last publications were on the Natural History and Distri bution of Fish; was appointed United States Commis sioner of Fisheries; Avas a Government Commissioner to the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition; in 1878; was appointed Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu tion. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Baker, Caleb ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island; served four years in the New York Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. Baker, Charles S.; was born at Churchville, Monroe County, New York, February 18, 1839; was educated in the common schools, at Caryville Sem inary, and at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, New York; was engaged in teaching for a time; studied law at Rochester and was admitted to the bar in I860; on the breaking out of the Civil War was one of the first to enlist in the Union Army, and was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company E, Twenty-seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers, with which he was engaged in the first battle of Bull !Run, where he was severely wounded, and compelled to retire from the service; he resumed the practice of his profession at Rochester; was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Monroe County for three years; was a member of the Board of Educa tion of Rochester for two years, acting as its Presi- dent during his second term; was an iinsuccessful candidate for the State Assembly in 1870; in 1878 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1880 and 1882; during his ser- vice was prominent in promoting railroad reform legislation; in 1880 was elected a State Senator; in 1884, in the middle of his Senatorial term, he was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- ninth Congress. Baker, Conrad ; was Governor of Indiana from 1867 to 1869. Baker, David Jewett ; was born in East Had- dani, Connecticut, September 7, 1792; went with his parents to Ontario County, New York, in 1800; worked on a farm; graduated at Hamilton College in 1816; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in - 1819, settling in Kaskaskia, Illinois; had an exten sive practice, and was Probate Judge of Randolph County; was a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1831, I carrying through Congress the important measure of selling the public lands to actual settlers in parcels of forty acres; was United States Attorney for Illinois from 1833 to 1841. He opposed the introduction of slavery into Illinois in 1823 with such energy, that his opponents tried to kill him; died in Alton, Illinois, ; August 6, 1869. Baker, Edward D.; was born in England ; brought to this country when a child, and was early left an orphan in Philadelphia. His father was a "weaver, and when a boy he worked at that business 1 himself; obtained an education under many difficul ties; first studied for the ministry, but soon turned his attention to the law, becoming famous as an ad vocate in Illinois, to which State he emigrated in his nineteenth year. After serving in the Illinois Legislature for two years, he resigned, and, in 1846, went to Mexico as a Colonel of Volunteers, acquitting ; himself with credit at Cerro Gordo; was a Represen tative in Congress from Illinois from 1849 to 1851, after which he took an active part in the building of the Panama Railroad ; in 1852 settled in San Fran cisco, devoting himself to his profession; subsequently removed to Oregon, which State he represented as a Senator in Congress, taking his seat in March, 1861. At the. outbreak of the Rebellion, in 1861, he raised a body of men in Philadelphia, called the California Regiment, and while gallantly leading them in battle at Leesburg, Virginia, against a superior force, was shot from his horse and killed, October 21, 1861. Baker, Ezra ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1817. Baker, Grafton ; was born in Virginia and re moved to Mississippi, from which State he was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico. Baker, James H.; was born in Monroe, Butler County, Ohio, May 6, 1829; received his education at the Wesleyan University of that State; became a teacher, and had charge of a female seminary at Richmond, Indiana; in 1853 purchased the Scioto Gazette and became its editor; in 1855 was elected Secretary of State for Ohio; subsequently removed to Minnesota and became the Secretary of that State; served as a Colonel in the army in 1862 and 1863; was made Provost-Marshal for the Department of Missouri, and served as such until the close of the Rebellion, having been made a Brigadier-General; was then appointed Register of Public Lands at Boonville, Missouri, holding the office two years; returned to his farm in Minnesota; in 1871 was ap pointed Commissioner of Pensions, resigning the position in 1875. Baker, Jehu ; was born in Fayette County Ken tucky, November 4, 1822; received a good education; studied law and adopted it as a profession; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims, as Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Post Office Department, and on the Special Committee on the Civil Service. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor and Freedmen s Affairs; in 1878 was appointed Minister Resident to Venezuela. Baker, John ; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1811 to 1813. Died in Shepherdstown, Virginia, August 18, 1823. Baker, John H. ; was born in Parma Township, Monroe County, New York, February 28, 1832; re moved, with his father, to Fulton County, Ohio, when a child, and worked on his father s farm until about twenty years of age; was educated at the winter schools in the vicinity; secured, by his own efforts, three years instruction in college; studied law, and commenced practice in Goshen, Indiana, in 1857; was State Senator in 1862; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses. Baker, Osmyn; was born in Amherst, Massa chusetts, May 18, 1800; graduated at Yale College in 1822; adopted the profession of the law; was a mem ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1833 and 1834; was a Representative in Congress from his na tive State from 1839 to 1845; was State Councilor in 1853 and 1854. Baker, Stephen ; was born in the city of New York, August 12, 1819; at an early age engaged in mercantile pursuits, from which he retired, in 1849, to a country seat in Dutchess County, New York: was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals and on Patents. Baker, William H.; was born in Lenox, Madi son County, New York, January 17, 1827; removed, with his parents, to Oswego County in 1829; received his education at the common schools; became a me chanic and then a school teacher; studied law, and came to the bar in 1851 ; in 1862 was elected District Attorney for Oswego County; re-elected in 18(56; in 1874 was chosen a Representative from New York to BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Forty- fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Balch, Alfred; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Florida; in 1840 was appointed one of the United States Judges for that Territory. Baldwin, Abraham ; was a native of Connecti cut; was a graduate of Yale College in 1772, and from 1775 to 1779 was a tutor in that institution. Having studied law, settled in Savannah, Georgia; soon after his arrival there, was chosen a member of the Legislature; originated the plan of the Univer sity of Georgia, drew up the charter, persuaded the Assembly to adopt it, and was for some time its Pres ident; was a member of the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, which he duly signed. From 1789 to 1799 was a Representative in Congress from Georgia, and from 1799 to 1807 was a member of the United States Sen ate, part of the time President pro tempore of the Sen ate; was one of those who voted for locating the seat of Grovernment on the Potomac. Died March 4, 1807, aged fifty-three years. He was the half-brother of Henry Baldwin. Baldwin, Alexander W.; was a native of Ala bama, where he was born in 1835; received a legal education and settled in Virginia City, Nevada; in his thirtieth year was appointed United States Judge for Nevada; was killed by a railway accident, at Alameda, California, November 15, 1869. His father, Joseph G. Baldwin, was the author of a popular book entitled "The Flush Times of Alabama and Missis sippi," and was Judge of the Supreme Court of Cali fornia. Baldwin, Augustus C.J was born in Salina, New York, December 24, 1817; received a common- school education ; having lost his lather when young, became dependent upon his own efforts for support ; in 1837 emigrated to Michigan and settled in Oak land County; taught school, and at the same time studied law; came to the bar in 1842. In 1844 and 1846 was elected to the Legislature of Michigan; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for his adopted county; was a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Interior De partment; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864; and to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Baldwin, Henry ; was born in New Haven, Con necticut, in 1779; graduated at Yale College in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania froxi 1817 to 1822, when he resigned; was a distin guished lawyer, and was for many years Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in Philadelphia, April 21, 1844. Baldwin, Henry P.; was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, February 22, 1814; was left an orphan when a boy, and after receiving a good education was a mercantile clerk at Pawtucket for eight years be fore becoming of age, after which he was engaged, for several years, in business on his own account in "VVoonsocket. In 1838 emigrated to Detroit, Michi gan, and, identifying himself with the interests of Michigan, became President of the Second National Bank of Detroit; was for two years a State Senator; in 1868 was elected Governor of Michigan, to which position he bwv ght a full store of general informa- tion gathered from foreign travel and the study o" men and books; re-elected in 1870 for a second term; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1876; in November, 1879, was appointed United States Senator to fill the vacancy caused by. the death of Zachariah Chandler, serving until May, , 1881. Baldwin, John ; was born in "Windham, Con necticut; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1829, serving on one standing com mittee and one select committee. Baldwin, John D.; was born in North Stoning- ton, Connecticut, September 28, 1810; graduated at Yale College, receiving the degree of A.M. ; read law, but never practiced; went through a course of theo logical studies, devoted himself to literary pursuits, and published a volume entitled "Raymond Hill, and other Poems." In 1842 became associated with the press, first in Hartford, and then in Boston, and was editor of the Daily Commonwealth, a writer for the Advertiser, and subsequently became the pro prietor of the Worcester Spy; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ex penditures, on Public Buildings, and on Printing; re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Expen ditures on the Public Buildings; was for many years particularly devoted to the study of ancient history, and was the author of a work on that subject; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention " of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. Died at Worcester, July 8, 1883. Baldwin, Roger Sherman ; was born at New Haven, Connecticut, January 4, 1793; graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; studied law at Litchfield Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1814, and estab lished himself in practice at New Haven, where he continued to reside. In 1837 was elected to the State Senate; re-elected in 1838, and chosen President pro tempore of that body; was a Trustee of Yale College in 1838 and 1839. In 1840 and 1841 was a .Representa tive in the General Assembly; in the latter year was associated with J. Q. Adams in the argument before the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of the Africans of the Amistad. In 1844 and 1845 was Governor of the State; in 1847 was appointed, and in 1848 elected, to the United States Senate by the Legislature of Connecticut, serving until 1851; subsequently engaged in his professional duties; was a member of the Peace Congress of 1861, and also a Presidential Elector in that year; died in New Haven, February 10, 1863. Baldwin, Simeon ; was born at Norwich, Con necticut, December 14, 1761 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1781 ; in 1783 was appointed tutor at the Col lege, and continued in that position until 1786, when he was admitted to the bar in New Haven, and com menced the practice of law. From 1790 to 1803 was Clerk of the District and Circuit Courts of the United States; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1803 to 1805, and declined a re-election ; in 1806 was appointed, by the Legislature, Associate Judge of the Superior Court and of the Supreme Court of Errors, and held the office until 1817; in 1822 was chosen by the General Assembly one of the Commissioners to locate the Farmington Canal, and was made President of that Board; in 1826 was elected Mayor of New Haven; in 1830 resigned his onice as Commissioner; died at New Haven, May 26, 1851. He was the father of Roger Sherman Bald win. 22 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Balestier, Joseph; was a citizen of Massa chusetts, and while holding the position of Consul at Singapore, was empowered, in 1849, to negotiate a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation, with the Government of Borneo. Authorized to make a similar treaty with Cochin-China. Ball, Ed-ward ; was horn in Virginia; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1853 to 1855, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress ; was subsequently elected Sergeant-at-Arnis in the House of Representatives. Ball, William Lee ; was horn in Lancaster County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1824. Died in Wash ington, February 28, 1824, aged forty-five years. Ballantine, John G-.; was born at Pulaski, Ten nessee, May 20, 1827; received a classical education, graduating from the University of Nashville in 1845; studied law, and graduated from Harvard Law- School in 1848; was admitted to the bar; engaged in planting; removed to Mississippi in 1855, and to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1860; served in the Confed erate Army throughout the Civil War; settled at Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1872; was elected a Represent ative from Tennessee to the Forty-eighth Congress, never before having been a candidate for political preferment; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Ballou, Latimer "W.; was born in Cumberland, Rhode Island, March 1, 1812; received his education at the public schools and academies in the vicinity; removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1828, and learned the printing business at the office of the Uni versity Press; in 1835 established the Cambridge Press, and continued in that business until 1842, when he removed to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and engaged in mercantile business; in 1850 was Cashier of the Woonsocket Falls Bank ; was Treasurer of the Woon socket Institution for Savings lor twenty-five years; was Presidential Elector in 1860; Delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1872; was elected a Rep resentative from Rhode Island to the Forty -fourth, Forty -fifth, and Forty-sixth Congresses. Bancroft, George; was born in Worcester, Massa chusetts, in 1800; commenced his education at Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and graduated at Cam bridge University in 1817; in 1818 visited Europe, studied at Gottingen and Berlin, and traveled exten sively; in 1823 published a volume of poems; in 1824 a translation of "Heeren s Politics of Greece;" be came a frequent contributor to the Forth American and other reviews. On his return from Europe spent one year as a tutor at Harvard; was at the head of the Round Hill School at Northampton ; from 1838 to 1841 was Collector of the port of Boston, appointed by President Van Buren ; in 1844 was an unsuccess ful candidate for the Governorship of Massachusetts; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, Secretary of the Navy; in 1846 was appointed Minister to Great Britain, remaining there until 1849; on his return set tled in New York and became an active member of various learned societies. In 1844 published the first volume of his "History of the United States," since which time nine additional volumes have appeared; in 1855 published his " Literary and Historical Mis cellanies;" in 1865, by invitation of Congress, de livered, in the Capitol, an oration on the death of Abraham Lincoln; in 1867 was appointed, by Presi dent Johnson, Minister to Prussia. On his return to i America settled in Washington City. Banister, John ; was a delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Banks, John ; was born in Juniata County, Penn sylvania, in 1793; was reared on his father s farm; received a classical education; studied law; came to the bar in 1819, and settled in the western part of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1831 to 1836, when he resigned to ac cept the appointment of President Judge of the Third Judicial District of the State; in 1841 was the Whig candidate for Governor, but failed to be elected; in 1847 resigned the judgeship and became State Treas urer; was subsequently engaged in the practice of his profession. Died at Reading, on the 3d of April, 1864. Banks, Linn ; Avas born in Virginia; was for twenty successive years Speaker of the House of Del egates of that State; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1838 to 1842, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; was found drowned in a stream in Madison County, Virginia, February 24, 1842. Banks, Nathaniel P. ; was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, January 30, 1816, of poor but respect able parents, operatives in a factory; had no advan tages but those afforded by the common school, but became a lover of books at an early day; his first ven ture before the public was in the capacity of news paper editor in his native town, and he followed the same pursuit at Lowell; studied law, but did not practice to any great extent; in 1848 was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, serving in both houses, and officiating for a time as Speaker; was. chosen President of the Convention held in 1853 for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts; was soon I afterwards elected a Representative in Congress, serv- j ing from 1853 to 1857, when he was elected Governor of Massachusetts by a majority of 24,000; during his second term in Congress was elected Speaker of the House, after a remarkable contest, and it is said that! not one of his decisions was ever overruled by the House; was elected Governor of Massachusetts for a, second term in 1858, and for a third term in Is59; during the Rebellion of 1861- 64, served in the Union army as a Major-General of Volunteers, and saw much service in the field; in 1865 was elected a Rep resentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of D. W. Gooch, resigned, serv ing on the Committees on the death of President Lincoln, and Rules, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Foreign Affairs; was also one of the Represent atives designated to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia. "Loyalists Convention" of 1866, and of the "Sol diers Convention " held at Pittsburgh, and was re- elected to the Fortieth, Forty-second and Forty -fourth Congresses, serving on the most important commit tees; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress: in 1879 was appointed United States Marshal lor (lie District of Massachusetts, and was re-appointed in 1883. Banning-, Henry B.; was born in Mount Ver- non, Ohio, November 10, 1834; received an academic education; studied and practiced law at Mount Vcr- non, Ohio, until 1661, when he enlisted as a private soldier; rose to the rank of Brevet Major-General; represented Knox County in the Ohio Legislature in 1866 and 1867; removed to Cincinnati in the year 1869, where he resumed the practice of law; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs ; re-elected to the Forty-tilth Congress. Barber, Edward Wilmot ; was born at Ben son, Vermont, July 3, 1828 ; removed to Vermont- ville, Michigan, in 1839; received a common school education ; learned the printing business ; was Clerk of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1857 to 1863; was Clerk of Eaton County from 1861 to 1865, and Register of Deeds from 1865 to 1867; was Reading Clerk of the National House of Representa tives during the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth and For tieth Congresses; was Supervisor of Internal Revenue for Wisconsin and Michigan from 1869 to 1873; was appointed Third Assistant Postmaster-General in March, 1873, and resigned June 1, 1877, after twenty years of continuous public service. Barber, Hiram, Jr. ; was born in Warren County, New York, March 24, 1835; removed to Wisconsin in 1846, and was educated at the State University at Madison; studied law and was admitted to the bar; was District Attorney of Jefferson County, Wiscon sin, in 1861 and 1862; was Assistant Attorney-Gen eral of the State in 1865 and 1866; removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1866; was elected a Represent ative from Illinois to the Forty-sixth Congress. Barber, J. Allen ; was born in Vermont; ob tained a liberal education at the University of Ver mont; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833; in 1837 removed to the Territory of Wisconsin ; was a member of the first Constitutional Convention of Wisconsin in 1846; was elected to the State As sembly in 1852, 1853, and 1863, serving the last year as Speaker; was elected to the State Senate in 1856 and 1857; was elected to the Forty -second Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on several Committees. Barber, Levi; was born in Litchfield County, Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1821 to 1823. Barber, Noyes; was born in Grotou, Connecti cut, April 28, 1781 ; was in early life a merchant, but a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Con gress from his native State from 1821 to 1835; died at Groton, January 3, 1845. He was a man of ability, and while in Congress accomplished much good for his native State, where he was universally respected as a man and a statesman. Barbour, James ; was a native of Virginia ; was Speaker of the House of Delegates, and Governor of that State; was a Senator in Congress, from 1815 to 1825, officiating as President pro tcmpore of the Senate, as Chairman of the Committees on Foreign Relations and the District of Columbia, and serving on other important Committees; was appointed Secretary of War in 1825, and Minister to England in 1828; died in Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 1842, aged sixty- six years. Barbour, John S. ; was born in Culpepper County, Virginia; was in early life a member of the State Legislature; from 1823 to 1833 a member of Congress from Virginia; member of the Constitutional Convention in 1829 and 1830, again in the State Legislature in 1833 and 1834; died in Culpepper County, Virginia, January 12, 1855. Barbour, John S.; was born in Culpepper Coun ty, Virginia, December 29, 1820; was educated at the University of Virginia; graduated in law at that in stitution, and commenced practice in his native county; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives, serving from 1847 to 1851; was elected President of the " Orange and Alexandria Railroad Company," (now the "Virginia Midland Railway Company,") in 1852, and continued in that position for upwards of thirty years; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Barbour, Lucien ; was born in Canton, Connec ticut, March 4, 1811; graduated at Amherst College in 1837, having been himself a teacher while receiv ing his own education; removed to Indiana, studied law, and settled in the practice at Indianapolis; was appointed, by President Polk, United States District Attorney; acted a number of times as arbitrator be tween the State of Indiana and private corporations; in 1852 was appointed a Commissioner to prepare a code of practice for the State; was a Representative from Indiana in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Barbour, Philip P.; was born in 1779; waseduca-. ted for the law, in the practice of which he was sue- cessful; was a member of Congress from Virginia,! from 1814 to 1825; Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives in 1821; in 1825 was appointed Judge of the Eastern District of Virginia; was again in Congress from 1827 to 1830, officiating as Chairman, of the Judiciary Committee; in 1836 was appointed,! by President Jackson, an Associate Judge of the Su preme Court of the United States. Died in Wash ington City, of ossification of the heart, February 25, 1841. Barclay, David ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1855 to 1857. Bard, David ; was a graduate of Princeton Col lege in 1773; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1799, and again from 180o to 1815. Died in Virginia in 1815. Barker, Abraham A.; was born in Lovell, Ox ford County, Maine, March 30, 1816; received a com mon-school education, and engaged in agricultural pursuits; was early a strenuous advocate of temper- ance and anti-slavery; removed to Pennsylvania in 1854, and devoted himself to the lumber and mercan tile business; Avas a Delegate to the Chicago Conven tion of 1860; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. i Barker, David ; was a lawyer l>y profession : was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1827 to 1829. Died in Rochester, New Hamp shire, April 1, 1834, aged thirty-seven years. Barker, Joseph ; commenced his classical stu dies at Harvard University, and graduated at Yale College in 1771; was an ordained Preaciierol the Gos pel; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1805 to 1809. Died in 1815, aged sixty-four years. Barksdale, Ethelbert ; was born in Rutherford County, Tennessee; received a classical education; removed to Mississippi at an early age; adopted the profession of journalism; was a Representative in the Confederate Congress for four years; was a Presiden tial Elector, and President of the Mississippi College of Electors, in 1876; was elected a Representative 1 from Mississippi to the Forty-eighth Congress, a:id was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. 24 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Barksdale, William ; was born in Rutherfort County, Tennessee, August 21, 1821 ; pursued a partial course of studies at the Nashville University was a lawyer by profession; held a commission in the Staff of the Second Mississippi Regiment, in the Mexican War, in 1847; was a member of the Missis sippi Convention called in 1851 to discuss the Com promise measures of 1850; was elected Representative from Mississippi in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861, and was killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Barlow, Bradley ; was born at Fairfield, Ver mont, May 12, 1814; engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits until 1858; removed to St. Albans, Vermont, and engaged in banking and other pursuits; served six terms as a Representative in the State Leg islature, and two terms as State Senator; was twice a member of State Constitutional Conventions; was County Treasurer for several years; was elected a Eepresentative from Vermont to the Forty-sixth Con gress. Barlow, Joel; was born in Reading, Connecticut, March, 1755; served as a volunteer in the Revolu tionary Army; studied theology; was licensed as a Congregational minister, and from 1778 to 1783 was a chaplain in the army, varying his clerical duties with the composition of patriotic songs and addresses to keep up the spirit of the soldiers. About 1781 delivered, at New Haven, a poem entitled The Prospect of Peace." Settling at Hartford he tried book-selling; established the American Mercury, a weekly paper; in 1785 was admitted to the bar. In 1786 published a revision of Dr. Watts version of the Psalms, containing some pieces of his own ; was also one of the authors of the " Anarchaid," and in 1787 published his " Vision of Columbus." In 1788 visited Europe as agent of the Ohio Land Company, and published, in aid of the French Revolution; "Advice to the Privileged Orders," "Letter to the National Convention," and in 1798, " Conspiracy of the Kings," a poem. In 1792, as Deputy of the Lon don Constitutional Society, presented an address to the French Convention, by whom he was invested with the rights of a French citizen, and given employ ment at Savoy, where he wrote his mock-heroic poein, " Hasty Pudding;" in 1795 to 1797, was United States Consul at Algiers, and negotiated treaties with Algiers and Tripoli; in 1796 published his political writings; in 1799 published his letter to the people of the United States, and endeavored to adjust our dif ficulties with France, and in a memoir to the French Government, denounced privateering as sea-robbery; in 1805 returned to the United States, and resided on the Potomac near Washington; in 1807 published the "Columbiad;" in 1811 was Embassador to France; was invited, by the French Minister, to a conference with Napoleon at Wilna, but died before his arrival there, at Zarnowicke, near Cracow. Poland, December 22, 1812. Barlow, Stephen ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. ; Barnard, Daniel Dewey ; was born in Berk shire County, Massachusetts, in 1797; graduated at Williams College in 1818; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar, in New York, in 1821; in 1826 was elected District Attorney for the County of Monroe, New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1*39 io 1845, serving as Chairman of the Judiciary COLU- mittee. In 1850 was appointed Minister to Prussia; devoted much attention to literary pursuits, and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Col leges of Geneva and New York. Died at Albany, April 24, 1861. Barnard, Henry ; was born in Hartford, Con necticut, January 24, 1811; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1830; was admitted to the bar in 1835; traveled extensively in Europe until 1837, when he was elected a member of the Legislature of Connecti cut, and was twice re-elected to that office, during which time he effected a re-organization of the State Common School system; was four years Secretary of the Board of School Commissioners, and made his first annual report in 1839; issued four A r olumes of the Connecticut Common School Journal, and continued it from 1850 to 1855; was Superintendent of Pub lic Schools in Rhode Island, from 1843 to 1849; State Superintendent of School Architecture from 1850 to 1854; began the American Journal of Education in 1855; became President of the American Association for the Advancement of Education; in 1857 was ap pointed Commissioner of the new Department of Education at Washington; published several works on Education in Europe and America; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University, in 1852. Barnard, Isaac D.; was born at Aston Pennsyl vania, 1791; received an ordinary education; began to study law in Chester in 1811 ; was appointed Cap tain of the Fourteenth Infantry, March 12, 1812; Major, June 26, 1813; was distinguished at Lyons Creek, and at the capture of Fort George in 1813; left the army in 1815; resuming his legal studies was admitted to the bar, in 1816, atWestchester; wassoon made Deputy Attorney-General; chosen State Sen ator in 1820; Secretary of State in 1 826 ; was United States Senator from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831. Died at Westchester, Pennsylvania, February 28, 1834. Barnes, Alanson H.; was born in New York; removed to Wisconsin and practiced law; in 1873 was appointed United States Associate Justice for the Territory of Dakota. Barnes, David Leonard ; was a citizen of Rhode Island; in 1801 was appointed, by President Adams, United States Judge for the District of Rhode Island. Barnes, Demas ; was born in Gorham township, Ontario County, New York, April 4, 1827; received an academic and classical education ; spent his boyhood on a farm; became a clerk in a country store; subsequently a merchant; in his twenty- second year removed to New York City, where he followed the drug and medicine business, with branch houses in New Orleans and Montreal. After serving as a member of the Chamber of Com merce, and as President of several incorporated companies, crossed the American Continent in a wagon, examining the mineral resources of Colorado, Nevada, and California; in 1866 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Education and Labor. Barnes, George F.; was born in Richmond ounty, Georgia, August 14, 1833; was educated at the Richmond County Academy, in Augusta, Georgia and at the State University, at Athens, Georgia graduated from the latter institution in August, 1853- studied law; was admitted to the bar in February 1855, and engaged in the practice of law at Atlanta, ^eorgia; in the fall of 1855 was an unsuccessful candi- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 25 date for member of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia; in 1860 was elected a member of the Georgia House of Representatives; was three times re-elected; entered the Confederate army, as a Lieutenant of Artillery, in April, 18(51 ; served in that capacity until the latter part of the war, when he became a commander of a battery of artillery on the coast of Georgia and South Carolina; in 1868, 1876, and 1880, was a Delegate to the National Democratic Conventions of those years; in 1876, was elected a member of the National Democratic Committee, and continued to serve as such until 1884; in the latter year was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-ninth Congress. Barnes, William H. ; was born at Hampton, Connecticut, in 1843; in 1852 removed, with his pa rents, to Illinois; received a liberal education, gradu ating from Michigan University as A. B. in 1865; studied 4aw; in 1866 was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law at Jacksonville, Illi nois; was a Representative in the State Legislature :in 1871 and 1872; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1884; was a member of every Democratic State Convention held in Illinois between 1865 and 1885; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Arizona. Barnett, "William ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1812 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the Commissioners to run the Creek Boundary line. Barney, John ; was a son of Commodore Joshua i Barney, and a member of Congress from Maryland from 1825 to 1827. Died in Washington, District of | Columbia, January 26, 1857, aged seventy-two years. He was known in Washington society for many years as an agreeable gentleman; left behind him an un finished record of "Personal Recollections of Men and Things, both in this country and Europe. Barnitz , Charles A. ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835. Died at York, in that State, in March, 1850. Bariium, "William H. ; was born in Connecticut, September 17, 1818; received a common-school edu cation; when eighteen years of age became engaged in business pursuits; was for many years largely en gaged in the production of iron from the ore, and in the manufacture of car-wheels. In 1852 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the Phil adelphia "Union National Convention" of 1866; in April, 1867, was elected a Representative from Con necticut to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Manufactures, and Roads and Canals; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses ; also to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on various important committees; was elected United States Senator from Connecticut to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Orris S. Ferry, serving from May, 1876, to March, 1879. Barnwell, Robert; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina, from 1791 to 1793. Barnwell, Robert Woodward ; was born in South Carolina; graduated at Harvard University in 1821; studied law; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1829 to 1833; was President of the South Carolina College from 1835 to 1843; was a Senator in Congress, in 1850, by appointment, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Franklin H. Elniore. In December, 1860, was appointed one of the Commissioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Carolina; served as a member of the "Confed erate" Congress; after the war was again President of the South Carolina College. Barr, John "W.; was born at Versailles, Ken tucky, December 17, 1826; was educated in the pri vate schools of that vicinity; graduated from the Law Department of Transylvania University, Lex ington, Kentucky, in 1847, and commenced the prac tice of law at Versailles; soon afterward removed to Louisville, Kentucky, where he continued to prac tice his profession until 1880, when he was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Ken tucky; never sought, or held, any political office. Barr, Samuel F.; was born near Coleraine Coun ty, Antrim, Ireland, June 15, 1829; emigrated with his parents, to the United States in 1831 ; received a common-school education; engaged in railroad and commercial pursuits; was editor of the Harrisburg Telegraph from 1873 to 1878; was elected a Represen tative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Barr, Thomas J.; was born in New York City in 1812; commenced life by engaging in a variety of pursuits; from 1835 to 1842 held the position of a landlord in New Jersey; in 1849 and 1850 was an As sistant Alderman in the City Councils in New York; in 1853 was elected a member of the State Senate; 1 was elected a Representative in Congress from New York, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenses in the State Department ; subse quently held an office in New York connected with the Custom House. Barrere, G-ranville ; was born in Highland County, Ohio; received a common-school education; attended college at Augusta, Kentucky, and Marietta, > Ohio; studied law and was admitted to the bar in Ohio; commenced practice in Illinois in 1856; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and Weights and Measures. Barrere, Nelson ; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. Barrett, J. Richard ; was born in Kentucky; removing to Missouri, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lauds. Barrett, Joseph H.; was born in Vermont; re ceived a good education; was appointed in 1861, from. Ohio, Commissioner of Pensions; in 1868 resigned the position ; returned to Ohio, and associated him self with the newspaper press of Cincinnati. Barringer, Daniel L.; was born in Mecklen burg County, North Carolina, October 1, 1788; had a, good classical education ; studied law, and practiced, with success in Wake County ; served in the Legisla-, ture of North Carolina in 1813, and again from 1819; to 1822; was a Representative in Congress from North. Carolina from 1826 to 1835; was a Presidential Elec- 1 tor in 1844; subsequently removed to Tennessee, and was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives 1 of that State. Died October 16, 1852. Barringer, Daniel Moreau ; was born in Cab- arras County, North Carolina; graduated at the Uni versity of North Carolina in 1826; selected the law as a profession; commenced practice in 1829; in that year was elected a member of the State Legislature, 26 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in which position he continued for a number of years ; in 1835 was a member of a Convention to amend the State Constitution; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1843 to 1849, when he was appointed, by President Taylor, Minister to Spain, and continued in that mission by President Fillmore; on resigning his position as Minister, after serving four years, traveled extensively in Europe; on his return home was elected to the State Legislature; in 1855> having declined a re-election, retired to private life, devoting himself to literary studies and pursuits ; was elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861, and also to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention " of 1866. Died at the Green Brier Springs, Virginia, September 1, 1873. Barren, H. D. ; was appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury in 1869, and held the office until 1872. Barrow, Alexander; was born in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1801; after completing his education was admitted to the bar; soon after removed to Lou isiana, gave up the practice of law, and turned his attention to planting; served a number of years in the Legislature of Louisiana: was a Senator in Con gress from Louisiana from 1841 tc< 1846. Died Decem ber 29, 1846. Barrow, Pope ; was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, August 1, 1839; graduated at the Univer sity of Georgia in 1859, and in the law class of that institution of 1860; commenced the practice of law; served in the Confederate Army; at the close of the War of the Rebellion resumed the practice of law at Athens, Georgia; was a member of the State Consti tutional Convention of 1877 ; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1880 and 1881; was elected a Senator of the United States from. Georgia to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin H. Hill, and served from December 5, 1882, to March 3, 1883. Barrow, "Washington; was a native of Ten nessee; was a lawyer by education and profession; in 1841 was appointed American Cliarge d Affaires to Portugal; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Commit tee for the District of Columbia. During the Rebel lion was arrested by the Governor of Tennessee for alleged disloyalty, but was soon released by order of President Lincoln. Died at St. Louis, Missouri, October 19, 1866. Barry, F. G-.; was born, of Irish parents, at Wood- bury, Tennessee, January 15, 1845; received a limited common-school education; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; settled in Mississippi; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Aber deen, Mississippi, in 1869; engaged in the practice of law at West Point, Mississippi ; was a State Senator from 1875 to 1879; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; in 1884, was elected a Representative from Missis sippi to the Forty -ninth Congress. Barry, Henry W.; was born in New York; re ceived a limited education; was principal of an academy in Kentucky for two years; graduated at the Columbian Law College, District of Columbia; entered the Union Army as a private early in the Rebellion; organized the first regiment of colored troops raised in Kentucky; commanded a brigade and a division of the army; was bre vetted twice for gallant conduct; was a Major-General; was elected to the State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in 1867 ; to the State Senate in 186H ; was elected to the Forty-first and two subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committee on Patents, and as Chairman of that on the Post Office. Died in Washington, June 7, 187." Barry, John S. ; was born in Vermont in 1802; educated at the public schools of that State; while a young man went to Georgia and resided at Atlanta; subsequently emigrated to the Territory of Michigan and settled in the town of Constantino, where he re sided until his death. Although educated for the legal profession, he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. His first public service was rendered a^s a member of the first Constitutional Convention, in which he took a leading part; upon the organization of the State Government, was elected a State Senator, and in 1841 chosen Governor of the State; re-elected in 1843, and also in 1849; was also, on two occasions, a Presidential Elector. In 1840 took a special in terest in the cultivation of the sugar-beet, and with a view of obtaining information in regard to its manu facture visited Europe. His last public service was as a member of the Democratic Presidential Conven tion held in Chicago in 1864; died in Constantino, January 15, 1870. Barry, William T.; was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, March 18, 1780; served in the State Legis lature as Speaker; during the years 1810 and 1811 was a Representative in Congress; was a Senator in Congress from Kentucky from. 1814 to 1816; was also a member of President Jackson s cabinet, as Post master-General (the first, as such, admitted to that honor) : at the time of his death, which occurred in Liverpool, England, August 30, 1835, was Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Spain. Barry, "William T. S.; was born in Columbus, Mississippi, December 12, 1821; graduated at Yale College in 1841; was a planter in Oktibbeha County; practiced law in Columbus two or three years; was a member of the Legislature from. 1849 to 1851; re moved to Sunflower County; was a Representative in Congress from. Mississippi from 1853 to 1855; again practiced law in Columbus; was Speaker of the Leg islature in 1855 ; seceded from the Charleston Can-; vention in 1860; was President of the Secession Con-j vention of Mississippi, and member of the Provi-j sional Congress; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and commanded the Thirty-fifth Mississippi Regiment from 1862 until captured at Mobile in 18J5; afterwards practiced law in Columbus; died in that city, January 29, 1868. Barstow, G-amaliel H.; was Treasurer of the State of New York from 1825 to 1838; served three years in the Assembly of New York; four years in the State Senate; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833. Died at Nichols, New York, in April, 1865, aged eighty years. Barstow, Gideon ; was a native of Massachu setts; served in both branches of the Legislature of that State; was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. Died in St. Augustine, Florida, where he had gone for his health, March 26, 1852, aged six ty-nine years. Barstow, John L. ; was born at Shelburn, Ver mont, February 21, 1832; received a cornmon-sc!i.)ol and academic education; resided in Detroit, Michi gan, from 1851 to 1855; returned to Vermont; was Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 18 JO; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1854, rising to the rank of Major; was made Brigadier-General of State troops at the time of the St. Albans raid; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1864 and 1865; a State Senator in 1836 and 1868; was United States Pension Agent at Burlington, "Vermont, from 1870 to 1878; in 1880 was elected Lieutenant-Go ver- nor for the term of two years; in 1882 was elected Governor of Vermont for the term of two vears. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 27 Barstow, "William A. ; was bora in 1811; was Governor of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1856. When .the Rebellion commenced; he raised a regiment of : cavalry for the war, and was appointed its Colonel ; rendered important service on courts-martial at St. Louis. Died at Leaveuworth, Kansas, December 14, , 1865. Bartlett, Asa ; was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Dakota. Bartlett, Bailey ; was Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts, for many years, and a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1797 to 1801, having succeeded T. Bradbury. Bartlett, Ichafood ; was born in Salisbury, Mer- rimack County, New Hampshire, in 1786; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808; studied law, and set- ;tled in Portsmouth, where he was eminently success- -ful in his profession; was a Representative in Con gress from New Hampshire from 1823 to 1829, serv ing on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was also fre quently in the State Legislature, and was a member .of the Convention to revise the State Constitution. Died in Portsmouth, October 19, 1853. Bartlett, John Russell ; was born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, October 23, 1805; was early i placed in a banking-house, and was for six years Cashier of the Globe Bank, Providence; was one of the founders of the Athenrcum, and a member of the Franklin Society for the Cultivation of Science, be fore which he occasionally lectured. In 1837 engaged in an unsuccessful business in New York, and then established a foreign book-store; was a manager of the New York Historical Society, and tt e Ethnologi cal Society. In 1850 was Commissioner to fix the boundary-line between the United States and Mexi co ; in 1854 published a personal narrative of places vis ited; also, in 1847, a work on Ethnology; and in 1848, "Dictionary of Americanisms; " was appointed Sec retary of State of Rhode Island in 1855; published the records of the Colony, in ten volumes; was Acting Governor in 1861 and 1862; published " Bibliog raphy of Rhode Island" in 1864; " Bibliotheca Americana" from 1865 to 1870; "Literature of the .Rebellion" in 1866; " Reminiscences of Albert Gal- latin"in 1849; "Primeval Man" in 1868; "His tory of the Destruction of the Gaspee " in 1862; "Index to the Acts and Resolves of the General As sembly of Rhode Island" from 1758 to 1862, and other records of the State. Bartlett, Joseph J.; was a citizen of New York; in 1867 was appointed Minister Resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until 1869. Bartlett, Josiah ; was born in New Hampshire, in 1768; was a physician of extensive practice; a Rep- ; resentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1 1811 to 1813; a Presidential Elector in 1792 and 1825. iHis father, bearing the same name, was a man of note, and the first Governor of New Hampshire, after ;the adoption of the Federal Constitution; died at iStratham. in that State, April 14, 1838. Bartlett, Josiah ; was born in Amesbury, Massa chusetts, in November, 1727; was educated for the medical profession; held commissions, both military ; and civil, under the royal government; accompanied | Stark to Bennington as medical agent ; was a Delegate ifrom New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from. 1775 to 1779, and signed the Articles of Con federation and Declaration of Independence; was ap pointed, in the latter year, Chief Justice of the Court ,of Common Pleas; Justi e o"" the Superior Court in 1784, and Chief Justice in 1788; in 1790 was ap pointed President of New Hampshire, and elected by the people in 1791 and 1792; in 1793 was elected Gov ernor of New Hampshire under the Constitution,, serving two years; was the President of a Medical 1 Society established by his efforts in 1791 ; died May 19, 1795. Bartlett, Thomas, Jr. ; was born in Vermont; adopted the profession of the law; was a Represent ative in Congress from Vermont from 1851 to 1853; served three years in the State Legislature, both houses: was County Attorney in 1839 and 1841; President of the State Constitutional Convention of 1850. i Bartley, Mordecai ; was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, December 16. 1783 ; his parents settled in Loudon County. Virginia, in 1794; attended school during intervals from labor on his father s farm; removed to Ohio in 1809, and engaged in agriculture in Mansfield, Richland County; was Captain and Adjutant, under Harrison, in the War of 1812; was a State Senator in 1817 and 1818; Register of the Land Office from 1818 to 1823; Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1831; Governor of Ohio from 1844 to 1846. During the war with Mexico the President issued a call for troops, and Governor Bartley promptly responded, although he and his party were opposed to the war; he also> superintended their organization in person, and for warded the full quota of Ohio, in obedience to what- he thought his duty; was the father of Thomas W. Bartley; died October 12, 1870. Bartley, Thomas W.; was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, February 11, 1812; was educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; graduated in Octo ber, 1829; in 1833 the degree of Master of Arts was- conferred upon him; studied law in Washington,. District of Columbia, and commenced its practice ati Mansfield, Ohio, in 1833; served as State Attorney: four years, and as United States District Attorney, for the District of Ohio, four years; served two years im the House of Representatives, and four years in the Senate of Ohio; in 1851 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and served in that position two terms, three years of the time as Chief Justice of the Court; on retiring from the bench engaged in the practice of law in Cincinnati, Ohio, for several years, but on account of the ill-health of his family in Cincinnati, removed to Washington, District of Columbia, in 1869, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1844, when Governor Shannon resigned to become Minister to Mexico, Mr. Bartley,. as President of the Senate, became the Governor; iu December of that year was himself si.cce -ded by his- father, Mordecai Bartley, who had Leeu regularly elected. Barton, David ; was one of the first emigrants to the Territory of Missouri; President of the Con vention which met to form a State Constitution in 1820; was a Senator in Congress from Missouri from 1821 to 1831, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; was a man of distinguished talents. Died near Boonville, Missouri, September 28, 1837. Barton, Richard "W".; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843; also served in the State Legis lature, and was the first President of the Valley Agricultural Society. Died in Frederick County, Virginia, March 15, 1859. Barton, Samuel ; was born in New York; served three years in the Assembly of that State; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. 23 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Barton, Seth; was born in Maryland; in 1845 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, holding the office until 1847, when he was appointed Charge <r Affaires to Chili, where he remained two years, and returned to the United States. Bashford, Coles ; was born near Cold Spring, Putnam County, New York, January 24, 1816; was educated at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842; in 1847 was elected District Attorney for Wayne County; re signed his office in 1850, and removed to Wisconsin; in 1852 was chosen to the Senate of that State; was re-elected, but resigned in 1855; in 1856 was elected Oovernor of Wisconsin; in 1863 removed to Arizona; was Attorney-General of that Territory from 1864 to 1866; was a member, and also President of the Ter ritorial Council; in 1866 was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Fortieth Congress; appointed Secre tary of Arizona in 1869. Bass, Lyman K.; was born in Alden, New York, November 13, 1836; graduated at Union Col lege in 1856; studied law, and practiced the profes sion at Buffalo; was elected District Attorney for Erie County in 1865, for three years; was re-elected in 1868, and served until 1872; was renominated and declined; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on - Railroads and Canals, and Affairs of the District of Columbia. Bassett, Burwell; was born in New Kent County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1805 to 1813, from 1815 to 1819, and from 1821 to 1831. Bassett, E. D.; was born in Connecticut, of colored descent; after receiving some education, re moved to Pennsylvania; from Philadelphia, in that State, was appointed, in 1869, Minister Resident to Hayti, residing at Port au Prince. Bassett, Richard; was a member, from Dela- ware, of the Convention which formed the Constitu tion, and signed that instrument; was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1793; a Presidential Elector an 1797, and was the first man who cast his vote for locating the seat of Government on the Potomac; was Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court; Governor of Delaware from 1798 to 1801; died in .September, 1815. Bate, William B.; was born near Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tennessee, October 7, 1826; received a common school education, at Rural Ac; emy, in the neighborhood of his home; while a .youth became a clerk on a steamboat, and continued in this capacity until the breaking out of the war "with Mexico; enlisted as a private soldier, and served as such throughout the war; at its close re turned to his native place, and became proprietor and editor of The Tenth Legion, published at Gal- latin, Tennessee; was soon after elected a Represent ative in the Tennessee Legislature; on the expira tion of his term of service, entered the Law-School at 1/ebanon, Tennessee, from which, in 1852, he was graduated, and immediately entered upon the practice of law at Gallatin, Tennessee; in 1854 was elected Attorney-General of his District, which included the Capitol of the State; served six years, and declined a renomination ; during this time was nominated for Congress, but declined the nomination; was a Presi dential Elector in 1860; on the opening of the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army; was elected Captain of his company, and, on the organization of the regiment of which his company formed a part, was elected its Colonel ; was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh; on his return to duty was commis sioned a Brigadier-General; was subsequently twice wounded; after the battle of Chickamauga, was pro moted to Major-General; for a short time prior to the close of the war commanded a corps; alter the close of the war returned to Nashville, Tennessee, and resumed the practice of his profession; was, for ten years, the Tennessee member of the Democratic National Executive Committee; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was twice a candidate for United States Senator, and, on both occasions, was defeated by very narrow majorities; the first contest was against Andrew Johnson, and, upon one roll-call, Mr. Bate was elected by one vote, but, before the vote was announced, one vote was changed, and Mr. Johnson was elected; in 1882 Mr. Bate was elected Governor of Tennessee, and in 1884 was re-elected. Bateman, Ephraim ; was born in Cumberland, New Jersey; was well educated, and adopted the pro fession of medicine; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1823, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Accounts; a Senator in Congress from 1826 to 1829, and was a member of the Committees on Agriculture and Enrolled Bills; was elected to the Senate by his own vote in joint meeting of the Legis lature, and a Committee of the Senate reported that his election was entirely legal. Died January 21, 1829. Elates, Edward ; was born September 4, 1793, at I Bemont, Goochland County, Virginia. His educa- | tion was commenced by his father, and succeeded by j several years of academic instruction, mostly at Char- I lotte Hall, Maryland, and finished by an accomplished private tutor; in early youth he declined a midship man s warrant, and served, in 1813, at Norfolk, in the Virginia Militia, from February to October; in 1814 removed to St. Louis; there studied law, and began to practice in 1816. In 1818 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for that circuit; in 1820 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and was the same year appointed Attorney-General of the new State of Missouri; resigned that office in 1822, and was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature; in 1824 was appointed, by President Monroe, United States Attorney for the Missouri Dis trict; in 1826 resigned, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Missouri, serving from 1827 to 1829; in 1830 was elected to the State Senate; in 1834 was again elected to the lower House of the Legislature; in 1835, being enfeebled by sedentary labor, moved to the country, and practiced law for seven years, traveling much on horseback around the prairies; in 1842 returned to St. Louis; in 1850 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Secretary of War, but declined the office; in 1853 was elected Judge of the St. Louis Land Court, which office he resigned in 1856. During that year he presided at the Whig Con vention of Baltimore; in 1858 received from Harvard University the degree of LL.D; in 1861 was ap pointed Attorney-General in President Lincoln s Cab inet. Died in St. Louis, March 25, 1869. Bates, Frederick; was appointed, by President Jefferson, in 1805, the first United States Judge for the Territory of Michigan; having subsequently be come a citizen of Missouri, was elected Governor of that State, serving from 1824 to 1826. Bates, Isaac C.; was born at Granville, Massa chusetts, in 1780; graduated at Yale College in 1802; studied law and attained a high position as an advo- cate; was frequently in the State Legislature and a member of the Executive Council; was a Kepresenta- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 29- tive in Congress from 1827 to lbJ3; was a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1845, and was Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. In 1837 and 1841 was a Presidential Elector. Died in Washington City, March 16, 1845. Bates, James; was bred a physician; was, for some years, connected with the Insane Hospital at Augusta; was a Representative in Congress from Som erset County, Maine, from 1831 to 1833, and a mem ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Bates, James "W.; was born in Goochland County, Virginia, and was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Arkansas from 1820 to 1823. Bates, J. Woodson ; was an early emigrant to the southwest, and while residing at the Post of Ar kansas was appointed a United States Judge for that Territory. Bates, Martin "W.; was born in Salisbury, Litch- field County, Connecticut, February 24, 1787; received a good English education ; became a lawyer by pro fession, having first studied medicine; removed to Delaware, and was several times elected to the Legis lature of that State; in 1850 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Delaware; took his seat in the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Sena tor from Delaware, serving from 1857 to 1859 on the Committees on Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions. Bauvais, A. ; was Acting Governor of Louisiana in 1830. Baxter, Elisha; was the Governor of Arkansas during a part of the years 1874 and 1875. Baxter, Henry ; was a citizen of Michigan ; in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to Honduras, where he remained until 1869, when he returned to the United States. Baxter, John ; was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, March 5, 1819; was educated at the county seat of his native county; was licensed to practice law in 1841; in 1842 was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 and 1848; was again in the Legisla ture in 1846, and from 1852 to 1857, serving as Speaker of the House in 1852; in 1857 removed to Knoxville, Tennessee; in 1870 was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention; in 1877 was appointed, by President Hayes, United States Circuit Judge for the Sixth Judicial Circuit. Died at Hot Springs, Arkan sas, April 2, 1886. Baxter, Portus ; was born in Brownington, Or leans County, Vermont; received a liberal education; adopted the occupation of merchant; in 1852 and 1856 was a Presidential Elector; was elected a Representa tive from Vermont to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the same Committee, and also on that of Expenditures in the Navy Department ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Agriculture; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Died in Wash ington, March 4, 1868. Bay, William V. N.; was born in New York; having become a citizen of Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Bayard, James A.; was born in Pennsylvania in 1767; graduated at Princeton College in 1784; after studying law at Philadelphia, commenced the prac tice in Delaware; in 1796 was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Delaware, serving from 1797 to- 1801, when he was appointed Minister to France; in 1804 was elected to the United States Senate, of which body he continued a member until appointed,, by President Madison, in 1813, a Commissioner to nego tiate a peace with Great Britain. The absence of the Emperor from St. Petersburg preventing the transac tion of any business, he proceeded to Holland; lent his able assistance in the negotiation of the treaty of peace at Ghent; at Paris was apprised of his appoint ment as Envoy to the Court of St. Petersburg; this he declined; tendered, however, his co-operation in forming a commercial treaty with Great Britain, but an alarming illness compelled him to return to the United States; arrived in June, and died August 6 r 1815. He was the son-in-law of Richard Bassett. Bayard, James A.; was born in Wilmington, Delaware, November 15, 1799; was a Senator in Con gress from Delaware from 1851 to 1864, and Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, and a member of the Committees on the Library and on Public Grounds. In 1863 was re-elected for his third term, but resigned in January, 1864 ; was the son of the Senator bearing the same name, and a brother of Richard H. Bayard. In April, 1867, was appointed to a seat in the Senate in the place of George R. Rid dle, deceased, and was elected to fill the vacancy;, was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. Bayard, John ; was a Delegate from Pennsyl vania to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787. Bayard, Richard H.; was born in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1796; graduated at Princeton College in 1814; was bred to the law; was a Senator in Con gress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845; was appointed Charge d Ajf tiires to Belgium in 1850. Died in Philadelphia, March 4, 1868. Bayard, Thomas P.; was born at Wilmington,. Delaware, October 29, 1828; was chiefly educated at the Flushing School, established by the Rev. Dr. F. L. Hawks; his early training was for a mercantile* lii e; studied and adopted the profession of the law;, came to the bar in 1851, and, excepting the years 1855 and 1856, when he resided in Philadelphia, always practiced in his native city. In 1853 was appointed United States District Attorney for Dela ware, but resigned in 1854 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for the terming commenc ing in 1869, and ending in 1875, serving on the Com mittees on Finance, Private Land Claims, and Revi sion of Laws. On the same day of his election, his father, James A. Bayard, was also re-elected to the Senate from the same State the only instance of the kind which ever occurred; was re-elected in 1875, and again in 1881; on March 6, 1885, was appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Cleve land, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Bayard, "William; was a Delegate from New- York to the Colonial Congress, held in New York City in 1765. Bayley, Thomas ; was born in Somerset County, Maryland; graduated at Princeton College in 1794;. was a Representative in Congress from that State- from 1817 to 1823. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bayley, Thomas M.; was born in Virginia in 1775; entered public life in 1798, and continued therein until 1830; served in both branches of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1815; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1830. It was said of him that he never lost an election. Died in Accomac County in 1834. Baylies, Francis ; was born in Bristol County, Massachusetts, October 16, 1783; was Register of Probate in Bristol County, Massachusetts, from 1812 to 1820; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1821 to 1827; was a member of the .State Legislature from 1827 to 1832, and also in 1835; in 1832 was appointed. Charge d Affaires to Buenos Ayres. He was the author of "A History of the Plymouth Colony." Died October 28, 1852. Baylies, "William ; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1760; was a member of the Provincial Con gress in 1775; often a member of the Massachusetts State Council; served many years in the State Legis lature; was a Presidential Elector in 1801; and a Uepresentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809, when his seat was successfully contested by Charles Turner. Died at Dighton, Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged eighty-two years. Baylies, "William ; was born in Dighton Massa chusetts, September 15, 1776; graduated at Brown University in 1795; studied law, and came to the bar in 1799; held a number of local offices; was a Rep- 1 resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1 1813 to 1817, and again from 1833 to 1835, serving on important Committees; served in the State Legisla ture in 1830 and 1831; died in Taunton, Massachu setts, September 27, 1865. His father, bearing the -same name, was also in Congress. Baylor, R. B. B.; was a Representative in Con gress from Alabama, from 1829 to 1831. Bayly, Thomas Henry ; was born in Accomac County, Virginia, in 1810; graduated at the Univer sity of Virginia, and came to the bar in 1830. At the age of twenty-oix was chosen a member of the Gen- -eral Assembly of Virginia ; and was re-elected five years in succession. While a member of the Legis lature was elected by that body a Brigadier-General of the Militia of Eastern Virginia; resigned his seat, find was elected Judge of the Circuit Superior Court of Law. In 1844 resigned his seat on the bench, and was elected to the National House of Representatives, from the Accomac District, and continued, by suc cessive elections, a member of the House for twelve years, until the time of his death; during the Thirty- lirst Congress officiating as Chairman of the Commit tee of Ways and Means. He lived and died on the same spot where his ancestors from England landed in 1666, and where they established the family home; commanded the same brigade which his grandfather had commanded, and held the same seat in the Gen eral Assembly of his State, and in the House of Rep resentatives, which his father had occupied before Trim ; died June 22, 1856, aged forty-five years. Bayne, Thomas M.; was born at Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, June 14, 1836; was educated at the public schools and at Westminster College; served in the Union Army as Colonel, during the war of Re bellion; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1866; was District Attorney for Allegheny County from 1870 to 1874; was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Forty-fourth Congress; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eight Congreses; and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Beach, Lewis ; was born in the City of New- York, March 30, 1835; graduated at the Yale Law School in 1856; was admitted to the bar and com menced practice in New York City the same year; in 1861 removed to Orange County, New Yo*rk, and engaged in farming and the practice, of law; was also a contributor to the press; was Supervisor of the town of Cornwall in 1869; was a member, and Treas urer, of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1877 to 1879; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Died, at his home in Cornwall, New York, August 11, 1886. Bsale, Charles L.; was born in Canaan, Colum bia County, New York, March 5, 1824; was prepared for college by a private tutor, and graduated at Union College in 1844; studied law at Kinderhook, and was admitted to the bar in 1849; was for several years a member of the Republican State Central Committee of New York; in 1858 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; in 1864 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1836, and also to the " State Repub lican Convention" of 1867. Beale, Edward. F.; was a resident of the Dis trict of Columbia; in 1875 was appointed United States Minister to Austria. Beale, James M. H.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837, and from 1849 to 1853. Beale, B. L. T.; was born at Hickory Hill, West moreland County, Virginia, May 22, 1819; his educa tion was chiefly obtained at Northumberland Acad emy; spent a short time at Dickinson College, Peun- sylvania; in 1836 commenced the study of law; in 1838 graduated in law at the University of Virginia; was licensed to practice in 1839; in 1846 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thir tieth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia; declined a re-election at the expira tion of his term; in 1850 was a member of the Reform Convention of Virginia; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate; was again elected a Representative to the Forty-sixth Congress; upon the death of B. B. Douglas, in December, 1878, was elected to fill the vacancy in the Forty-fifth Congress caused thereby. : Beall, Bezin; was an officer in Wayne s army, with Harrison and Van Rensselacr; occupied various public stations in Ohio, and was a member of Con gress from that State from 1813 to 1814, when he re signed. Died at Wooster, Ohio, February 20, 1843, aged seventy-three years. Beaman, Fernando C.; Avas born in Chester, Windsor County, Vermont, June 28, 1814; removed, with his father, to New York when a boy; was left an orphan at the age of fifteen; received a good Eng lish education at the Franklin County Academy: studied law in Rochester; removed to Michigan in 1838, and commenced the practice of his profession; was for six years Prosecuting Attorney for Lenawee County; was Judge of Probate for four years; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and . Canals; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and , served on the same Committee, and also on that on : Territories; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, the Death BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 31 of President Lincoln, and Frauds on the Revenue, and as Chairman of that on Roads and Canals; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Recon struction and Appropriations. Bsan, Banning, M.; was born in New Hamp shire in 1782; occupied a seat in the State Legislature for five years, and was President of the Senate in 1832; was a State Councilor in 1829; a Represent ative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Died at Moultonborough, New Hampshire, February 9, 1866. Baan, Curtis C.J was born at Farn worth, New Hampshire, January 4, 1828; was educated at Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire; settled in Tennes see and studied law there; was admitted to the bar in 1865 and, in the same year, was appointed, by Governor Brownlow, Attorney-General for the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Tennessee; was a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1866 and 1 867 ; in 1868, removed to Arizona Territory and settled at Prescott; was a member of the Upper House in the Territorial Assembly in 1879; in 1884, was nominated by acclamation and was elected Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-ninth Congress. Beardsley Charles ; was born in Knox County, Ohio, February 18, 1830; was reared on a farm; re ceived a common-school and academic education, and attended the Ohio Wesleyan University one year; taught school; studied medicine; graduated at the Eclectic Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1855, and settled in Iowa; practiced medicine at Oskaloosa, Iowa, until 1861 ; was editor of the Herald, at that place, from 1858 to 1865; and of the Burlington Hawkeye, from 1865 to 1874; was a member of the State Senate in 1870, 1872, and 1873; in 1879 was appointed, by President Hayes, Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, at Washington. B 3ardsley , Samuel ; was born in Otsego County, New York; studied and adopted the profession of law ; settled at Rom -, Oneida County, and was Dis trict Attorney of the same ; held the post of Attorney- General of the State; WuS a Representative in Congress from Oneida County, New York, to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and a part of the Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-eighth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary; also held the office of State Senator in 1823, and those of Assistant Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and the Federal appointment of United States District Attorney for New York; died at Utica, New York, May 6, 1860. Bsatty, John; graduated at Princeton College in 1769; studied medicine; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785; a Represent ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1793 to 1795; died at Trenton, April 30, 1826, aged seventy-seven years. Bsatty, John; was born in Sandusky City, Ohio, in 1828; received a good English education; engaged in the banking business at Cardington; was a Presi dential Elector in 1860. At the beginning of the Rebellion entered the Third Ohio Infantry as a private, but was at once electe.l Captain, soon pro moted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and as such participated in several of the battles in West Vir ginia; as Colonel took a conspicuous part in the campaigns of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama; headed his regiment at the battle of Perrysville; commanded a brigade at Murfreesboro , where he had two horses killed under him; as a Brigadier- General commenced the fighting at Chickamauga; ini 1864, for private reasons, retired from the ariny; in; January, 1868, was elected a Representative from; Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired" term of C. S. Hamilton, unfortunately killed by his insane son; was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; re-elected to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on other important Committees. Beatty, Martin ; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. Beatty. William; was born in Ireland; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841. Beaumont, Andrew ; was born in Pennsylva- nia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837; appointed, in 1846, Commissioner of Public Buildings tor the District of Columbia, and held the position until 1847. Died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1853. Bebb, "William; was born in Butler County, Ohio, in 1802; received a good education; was Gov ernor of Ohio from 1846 to 1848. Died at Rockford, Illinois, October 24, 1873. Beck, Erasmus W.; was born in McDonough, - Georgia, October 21, 1833; educated at Mercer Uni versity, in that State; was admitted to the bar in Georgia in 1856; practiced his profession there; was elected to the Forty-second Congress in the place of Thomas J. Speer, deceased, being the first public office for which he was ever a candidate. Beck, James B.; was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, February 13, 1822; received a classical ed ucation; emigrated to this country when sixteen years of age; graduated at Transylvania University, Kentucky, in 1846; subsequently devoted his whole attention to the practice of law; in 1867 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction; re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serv ing on various important Committees, including that on Appropriations; declined a further re-nomination; was elected a United States Senator from Kentucky for the term of six years, from March 4, 1877; was re-elected for a second term of six ye nrs. Beckley, John ; was born in Virginia, and had the honor of holding as first incumbent two offices under the Government, viz. : that of Clerk of the House of Representatives from 1789 to 1797, and also from 1801 to 1807, and that of Librarian of Congress from 1802 to 1807. Bedford, Gunning-; was born in Philadelphia; was a Lieutenant in the French War in 1755; Major in 1775; Lieutenant-Colonel in Hasler s Regiment in 1776; was wounded at White Plains; subsequently appointed Muster-Master-General in 1776; was a Del- egate to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785; Governor of Delaware in 1796 and 1797. Died at New Castle, Delaware, September 30, 1797. Bedford, Gunning, Jr.; was born in Philadel phia in 1747; graduated at New Jersey College in 1771; practiced law at Dover, and at Wilmington, Delaware; was a member of the Legislature; Attor ney-General of the State ; a Delegate to the Continen- tal Congress in 1785 and 1786; a member of the Con vention which formed the Federal Constitution; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793; was United States District Judge from 1789 until his death, which occurred in Wilmington, Delaware, March 30, 1812. Cousin of Gunning Bedford. 32 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bedinger, George M. ; was born in Virginia; was one of the earliest emigrants to Kentucky; served as Adjutant in the expedition against Chilicothe in 1779; as Major at the battle of Blue Licks in 1782; did good service throughout the war as an Indian spy; led a battalion from Winchester, Virginia, under St. Clair, in his expedition in 1791; was Major 1 of United States Infantry from April, 1792, to Febru- : ary, 1793; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1792; a Representative in Congress from that State ;froni 1803 to 1807; spent the close of his life in re tirement, and died at Lower Blue Licks, Kentucky, in 1830. Bedinger, Henry ; was born in Virginia ; re ceived a classical education; adopted the profession of the law ; was a Representative in Congress from Vir ginia from 1845 to 1849, where he was distinguished for his eloquence as a debater. In 1853 was ap pointed Charge iVAffaires to Denmark, afterwards Minister Resident; returned home in the autumn of 1858. Died of pneumonia at Shepherdstown, Vir ginia, November 26, 1858. During his residence in Denmark he was successful in bringing about the treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. Bedle, Joseph Dorset; was born in Mattawan, Monmouth County, New Jersey, January 2, 1831; graduated at the Ballston Law School, New York; came to the bar, and practiced his profession at Mat tawan; removed to Freehold in 1855; in 1865 was ap pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jer- ; sey, and was re-appointed in 1872; in 1874 was elected Governor of New Jersey, and served three years. Bee, Thomas ; was a Revolutionary patriot of South Carolina; member of the Assembly; Speaker of the House of Representatives; member of the Privy Council; Judge of the State Courts; member of the " Council of Safety; Lieutenant-Governor; Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782, and finally District Judge; published "Reports of the District Courts of South Carolina" in 1810. Beebe, George M.; was born in New Vernon, Orange County, New York, October 28, 1836; at tended Wallkill Academy; graduated at the Albany Law University in 1857; practiced law for ten years; in 1859 went to Kansas; was elected to the Territo rial Council, appointed Secretary of the Territory, and was Acting Governor; in 1863 went to Nevada; two years afterward was appointed Collector of In ternal Revenue, which he declined ; returned to Sul livan County, New York, where he became editor of , The Republican Watchman at Monticello; in 1872 and 1873 was President of the Democratic State Conven tions at Syracuse and Utica; was elected to the Legis lature of New York in 1873 and 1874; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Navy Department; re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Beecher, Philemon ; was born in New Haven, Connecticut; was an able lawyer, and one of the early settlers of Ohio, to which State he emigrated from Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1821, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and again from 1823 to 1829. Died at Lancaster, Ohio, November 30, 1839, aged sixty -four years. Beekman, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Begole, Josiah "W.; was born in Groveland, New York, January 20, 1815; received a public-school edu cation; removed to Genesee County, Michigan, in 1836; taught school during the winters; became a farmer in 1839, and followed that occupation until 1856; was elected County Treasurer from 1856 to 1864; commenced the lumbering business in 1863 was elected to the State Senate in 1871 ; was an Al derman for the city of Flint for three years; a Dele gate to the National Republican Convention at Phila delphia in 1872; Avas elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures ; in 1882 was elected Governor of Michigan for the term of two years from January, 1883. Beers, Cyrus; in 1838 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Twenty -fifth Congress, for the unexpired term of Andrew I). W. Bruyii, deceased. Beeson, Henry "W.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Belcher, Hiram ; was born in Augusta, Maine; educated at Hallowell Academy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812; was, for four or five years, a member of the Maine Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1848. Died May 7, 1857, aged sixty-seven years. Belcher, Nathan ; was born in Griswold, Con necticut, June 23, 1813; graduated at Auiherst Col lege in 1832; studied law with Samuel Ingham, of Essex, and at the Cambridge Law School; was ad mitted to the bar in 1836, and practiced at Clinton, Connecticut, until 1841, when he removed to New London, relinquished the practice of law, and en gaged in manufacturing; was a member of the House of Representatives of Connecticut in 1846 and 1847, and of the State Senate in 1850; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. Belden, George O.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829. Belford, James B.; was born atLewiston, Penn- 1 sylvania, September 28, 1837; was educated at Dick inson College; studied and practiced law; was ap pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Colorado in 1870, and served five years; Avas elected a Represent ative from Colorado to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Belknap, "William W. ; Avas the son of W. G. Belknap of the United States Army, and Avas born in Hudson City, New York, in 1831 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1848; adopted the profession of the laAv, and settled at Keokuk, loAva; was elected to the loAva Legislature in 1849; at the beginning of the Rebellion, in 1861, entered the Military service as Major of Volunteers; was present at the battles of Shiloh and Vicksburg; Avas Avith General Sherman in his great campaign, and Avas so rapidly promoted as to have command of a division of the army as Major- General ; after the war was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue, which position he held until he entered President Grant s cabinet, October 13, 1869, as Secretary of War; resigned in March, 1876. Bell, Alonzo ; Avas a resident of NCAV York; in November, 1875, Avas appointed Chief Clerk of the Department of the Interior, at Washington; in April, 1877, was appointed Assistant Secretary of that Department, and remained in that position until July, 1882, Avhen he resigned. EXECUTIVE MANSION, (NORTH FRONT.) WASHINGTON. EXECUTIVE MANSION, (SOUTH FRONT.) WASHINGTON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bell, Charles H; was born at Chester, New Hampshire, November 18, 1823; received a collegiate education, graduating at Dartmouth College in 1844; studied and practice;! law; was Solicitor for Rocking- hain County from 1855 to 1865; was a Representative in the Legislature in 1858, 1859, and 1860; the last year as Speaker; was a State Senator in 1863 and 1864, President of the Senate the last year; was again a member of the State House of Representative in 1872 and 1873; was appointed a United States Sena tor to succeed Bainbridge Wadleigh and took his seat April 10, 1879, serving until June 20, 1879; in 1880 was elected Governor of New Hampshire for the term of two years from June, 1881. Bell, Hiram ; was born in Vermont; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1852 to 1853. Bell, Hiram P.; was born in Jackson County, Georgia, January 19, 1827; received an academic edu cation; studied law, and engaged in practice; in 1856 was a candidate for Congress; a candidate for Elector in 1860; in 1860 was elected to the Convention of Georgia which adopted the Ordinance of Secession, which he opposed; was elected a member of the State Senate of Georgia in 1861 ; elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-third Regiment Georgia Volunteers, and having been severely wounded in the battle of Chick- asaw Bayou, December 29, 1862, resigned; in Octo ber, 1863, was elected to the Confederate Congress; in 1868 was a member of the Electoral College; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Weights and Measures; elected to the Forty -fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of B. H. Hill. Bell, Isaac, Jr.; was born in New York City, New York, November 16, 1846; was educated at private schools, and at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he remained two years; after leaving Harvard went abroad to complete his educa tion and to travel; from 1870 to 1878 was engaged in mercantile business and in banking in New York City; in the latter year retired from business and .vent abroad; returned to the United States in 1880 and settled at Newport, Rhode Island; in 1884 was a candidate, on the Democratic ticket, for Presidential Elector, but was defeated; in January, 1885, received the vote of his party in the State Legislature, for United States Senator, but was not elected; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister at The Hague, Netherlands. Bell, James; was born November 13, 1804, in Francistown, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; graduated at Bo wdoin College in 1822; studied law, and completed his course at Litchfield; was admitted to the bar in 1825, and commenced to practice at Gil- man ton; removed to Exeter, and thence to Gilford; for many years held a distinguished rank in his pro fession; in 1846 was elected to the Legislature, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State in 1850; was elected United States Senator in June, 1855, for six years. Died in Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 1857, whither he had gone from Washington to recruit his health. Bell, James M.; was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. Bell, John ; was brn in Londonderry, New Hamp shire, in 1766; was for many years a merchant in Chester, New Hampshire; Councilor of the State, and Sheriff of Rockingham County from 1823 to 1828; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1829 to 1830. Died in Chester, March 22, 1836. 3 Bell, John ; was born near Nashville, Tennessee. February 15, 1797; commenced his studies at Cum berland College, now the Nashville University, and graduated in 1814; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1816; in 1817 was elected to the State Sen ate; declined a re-election, and devoted the next ten years of his life wholly to his profession; in 1827 was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued to be re-elected until 1841, officiating during one term as Speaker; in 1841 accepted a seat in President Harrison s cabinet as Secretary of War, which post he resigned in five months after the accession of Pres ident Tyler; in 1847 accepted a seat in the House of Representatives of Tennessee, but before the close of the year was elected to the United States Senate, and was re-elected in 1852, serving, from time to time, as Chairman of important Committees until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress; in May, 1860, received from the Union party the nomination for President of the United States, but was defeated. Died at Nash ville, September 10, 1869. Bell, John; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1850 to 1851. Bell, Joshua P.; was born in Kentucky; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions, and declined a re-elec tion ; was a lawyer, and distinguished in the West as an orator; was a member of the "Peace Convention " of 1861. Died in Kentucky, August 17, 1870. Bell, M. E.; was born at Birmingham, Chester County, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1847: was edu cated at West Town Boarding School for Friends, in Chester County; after four years of hard study and rigid discipline in that institution, he left, surrepti tiously and went to Bloomington, Illinois, where he entered the shops of the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company as a pattern-maker s apprentice; the pay being too low, he left the shops and engaged as a carpenter; then accepted an otter of a clerkship in the store of an uncle in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he remained two years; while there perfected the Philadelphia Lawn Mower; left because of ill- health, and resumed the occupation of a carpenter, at Bloomington, Illinois; conceived the idea of becom ing an architect, and studied for the profession ; apprenticed himself to an able French architect A. H. Piquenard of St. Louis, Missouri, and was engaged, with him, in the construction of the capitol buildings at Springfield, Illinois, and Des Moines, Iowa, from 1870 to 1876; in the latter year his em ployer died and Mr. Bell took charge of the work niuiself; while engaged upon the Iowa Capitol, he was tendered, and accepted, the position of Supervis ing Architect of the United States Treasury; waa appointed to that office November 10, 1884. Bell, Peter H.; was born in Virginia; was Gov ernor of Texas from 1849 to 1853; was a Represen tative in Congress from Texas from 1853 to 1857; subsequently Judge of the Supreme Court of that State. Bell, Samuel ; was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, February 9, 1770; worked on his father s farm until eighteen years of age, when he prepared himself for College; graduated at Dartmouth in 1793; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1796; was a member of the Legislature from 1804 to 1808, occupying the position of Speaker; in 1807 and 1808 was a member of the Senate; in 1809 member of the Executive Council; from 1816 to 1819 was Judge of the Superior Court of the State; in 1819 34 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was chosen Governor, serving until 1823; from 1823 to 1835 was United States Senator; received the degree of LL.D. at Bowdoin College in 1821. Died in Chester, New Hampshire, December 23, 1850. Bell, Samuel N.; was born in Chester, New Hampshire, March 25, 1829; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1847; studied law, and practiced at Manchester; was elected to the Forty -second Con gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire; also elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Bellinger, Joseph. ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819. Belmont, August; was bora in Alzey, Rhe nish Palatinate, and his father was a noted lauded proprietor; received his education at Frankfort; was for several years employed in the offices of the great bankers, the brothers Rothschild, at Frankfort and Naples; removed to the city of New York in 1837, and while yet only twenty-one years of age, became the financial representative of his old employers in this country; was wounded in a duel in 1841, caus ing permanent lameness; from 1844 to 1850, was Consul General for the Empire of Austria; but not liking the conduct of that Government towards Hungary, resigned the office; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, Charge d Affaires to the Hague; after wards became Minister Resident, resigning in 1858; in the latter capacity negotiated a highly im portant Consular Convention, for which and other diplomatic services, he received special thanks from Washington; was a leading Delegate to the Demo cratic Convention of 1860; from that year until 1872 was Chairman of the National Democratic Commit tee, when he resigned. Belmont, Perry ; was born in the city of New York, December 27, 1851; graduated at Harvard College in 1872; was admitted to the bar in 1876; practiced law; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Belser, James E.; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama, from 1843 to 1845; died at Montgomery, Alabama, January 16, 1859. Beltzhoover, Frank E.; was born in Cumber land County, Pennsylvania, November 6, 1841; graduated at Pennsylvania College in 1862; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and com menced practice at Carlisle, Pennsylvania; was Chair man of the Democratic County Committee in 1868 and 1873; was District Attorney from 1874 to 1877; was Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876; was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Benedict, Charles B.; was born at Attica, New York, February 7, 1828; received an academic edu cation; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1856; engaged in the banking business at Attica in 1860, and continued therein; was, for five years, a member of the Board of Supervisors of Wyoming County; a member of the Democratic State Commit tee in 1875; a Presidential Elector in 1876; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- fifth Congress. Benedict, Charles L.; was a resident of Brook lyn, New York; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; practiced the profession of the law in Brook lyn; was a Representative in the New York Legisla ture in 1863; in 1865 was appointed United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York; in 1881 was tendered the appointment of Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals of New York State. Benedict, Kirby; was born in Connecticut; in 1853 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico, resid ing in Santa Fe. Benjamin, John F.; was born in the town of Cicero, Onondaga County, New York, January 23, 1817; received a common- school education; spent three years in Texas; in 1848 settled in Missouri, in the practice of the law; in 1851 and 1852 was a mem ber of the Missouri Legislature; in 1856 was a Presi dential Elector; in 1861 enlisted as a private in the Missouri Cavalry; in January, 1862, was commis sioned a Captain; in May, of the same year, a Major; in September following a Lieutenant-Colonel, which position he resigned on being appointed Provost- Marshal for the Eighth District of his State; was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the Interior Department; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Retrenchment; re-elect ed to the Forty -first Congress, and made Chairman of Invalid Pensions. Benjamin, Judah P.; was a lawyer by profes sion; a Presidential Elector in 1849; was elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to serve from 1853 to 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as a member of the Committees on the Judiciary and on Commerce: in 1859 was re-elected for a term of six years, but was expelled March 14, 1861; became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and was Attorney-General of the so-called " Southern Confederacy." Settled in London, England, after the war, and was made Queen s Counsel for Lancaster. Benjamin, S. Q. "W.; was born at Argos, Greece, in 1837, while his father was United States Consul at Athens; graduated from Williams College in 1839; read law, and was then Librarian of the New York State Library until 1864; was connected, editorially, with the Library Table, the New York Mail, London Magazine of Art, etc. ; was a contributor in prose and verse, on various topics, with illustrations by his own pencil, to the North American Review:, Harper *, Atlan tic, and Century Magazines, Illustrated London News, Magazine of Art, American Art Iteview, etc. ; also pub lished fifteen volumes of his own writing in prose and verse, upon, a diversity of subjects; was also an artist of note, and disposed of his paintings in Lon don, and in the principal cities of the United States; was, for a number of years, a regular contributor to the National Academy of Arts, and other annual ex hibitions; gave much attention to marine architec ture; spent a number of years in foreign travel; in 1883 was appointed Minister Resident and Cousul- General of the United States to Persia, and had the first audience ever granted by the Shah of Persia to an American Envoy, the attendent ceremonies beiiig accompanied by great pomp. Bennet, Benjamin; was born in 1762; was a Baptist minister; a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1819. Died at Middletown, New Jersey, October 8, 1840. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 35 Bennet, Thomas ; was born in South Carolina; was Governor of that State from 1820 to 1822. Bennett, Caleb P. ; was a Major in the Delaware Regiment of the Revolutionary Army, and was en gaged at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth; was Governor of Delaware from 1833 until his death, which occurred at Wilmington, Delaware, May 7, 1836, aged seventy-eight years. Bennett, David S.; was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce and the In terior Department. Bennett, Granville Gr.; was born in Butler Coun ty, Ohio, October 9, 1833; passed his boyhood in Fayette County, Ohio; removed, with his parents, to Illinois in 1849, and to Iowa in 1855; was educated at Howe s Academy and Washington College, Iowa; studied law; entered upon the practice in 1859; served throughout the War of the Rebellion as a commis sioned officer in the Union army; was elected a Rep resentative in the Iowa Legislature, in 1865, for two yeais, and to the State Senate, in 1867, for four years; in 1875 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Dakota; re signed in 1878 and was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Dakota to the Forty -sixth Congress. Bennett, Henry; was born in New Lisbon, Otsego County, New York, September 29, 1808; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832; having been elected to Congress as a Representative from that State in 1848, and served continuously for ten years. During the Thirty-fourth Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and reported a number of important bills for the benefit of the Western States; during the Thirty-fifth Con gress served as a member of the same Committee. Bennett, Hiram P.; was born in Carthage, Maine, September 2, 1826; received a common-school education in Ohio; in 1852 was elected to a Judge- ship in Western Iowa; removed to Nebraska Territory in 1854, and was at once elected a member of the Territorial Council; in 1858 was re-elected to the Nebraska Legislature, and made Speaker of the House; removed to Colorado Territory in 1859, and was chosen a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty- seventh Congress; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. In March, 1867, was ap pointed Secretary of the Territory of Colorado. Bennett, H. S. ; was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, March 7, 1807; received a limited educa tion; studied law, and began to practice in 1830, when he removed to Mississippi, where he held the office of Circuit Judge for eight years; was a Rep resentative from Mississippi to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Bennett, Risden F.; was born in Anson County, North Carolina, June 18, 1840; received an academic training and attended Davidson College; graduated at Lebanon Law School, Tennessee, in 1859; was licensed to practice law there, and in North Carolina, in that year; entered the Confederate Army as a private, in 1861, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel; was several times wounded; was captured at Winchester and confined at Fort Delaware for several months; at the close of the war, in 1865. engaged in the practice of law in his native State; was County Solicitor until 1868; was nominated for Congress in 1870 but declined on account of ill-health; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1871 and 1875; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872; declined a re-nomination; was elected Judge of the Superior Courts in 1880, and served until elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Bennett, Thomas W. ; was born in Union County, Indiana, February 16, 1831; graduated at the Asbury University Law School in 1854; was elected to the Indiana Senate in 1858; entered the Union Army in 1861 as a Captain; served through the war, and became a Brigadier-General of Volun teers; was re-elected to the Indiana Senate in 1864, serving four years; was elected Mayor of Richmond, Indiana, in 1869, serving two years; was appointed Governor of Idaho in 1871, serving until December,. 1875, when he resigned to take his seat as a Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-fourth Congress, to which he had been elected in 1874. Benson, Egbert ; was born in 1747; graduated from Columbia College, New York, in 1765 ; was At torney-General of New York from 1780 to 1789; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1789 to 1793; was a Judge of the State Supreme Court from 1794 to 1801 ; received an honorary de gree from Harvard University in 1808, and the same from Dartmouth College in 1811 ; was the first Presi dent of the New York Historical Society; was again elected to Congress in 1813, resigning after the first session. Died at Jamaica, New York, in August, 1833. Benson, Samuel P.; was born in the town of Winthrop, Maine; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825; adopted the profession of the law; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1834 and 1836; Secre tary of State in 1838 and 1841 ; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Maine in 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when he served as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Af fairs; was at one time one of the Overseers of Bow doin College. Bent, Silas ; was born in Massachusetts ; was for many years an influential citizen of the Territory of Missouri; in 1813 was appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Missouri. His name was given to a well-known frontier post and military fort. Bentley, John A.; was a resident of Wisconsin; was Commissioner of Pensions, in the Department of the Interior, from March, 1876, to June, 1881. Benton, Charles S.; was born in Maine; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1849. Benton, Jacob ; was born in Waterford, Ver mont, August 14, 1819; attended the Newbury Semi nary, and graduated at Manchester, Vermont; studied law, and came to the bar in 1843, locating at Lancas ter, New Hampshire; in 1854, 1855, and 1856 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860; came within one vote of being nominated for Congress in 1862; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Land Claims, Retrenchment, Pensions, and Agriculture. Benton, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1798. Benton, Thomas Hart; was born in Hillsbor- ough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782; was educated 36 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. at Chapel Hill College; left that institution without receiving a degree, and forthwith commenced the study of law in William and Mary College, Vir ginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker; in 1810 entered the United States Army, but soon resigned his com mission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 1811 was at Nashville, Tennessee, where he commenced the prac tice of the law ; soon afterwards emigrated to St. Louis, t Missouri, where he connected himself with the press as the editor of the Missouri Argus; in 1820 was elected a member of the United States Senate, serv ing as Chairman of many important committees, and remained in that body till the session of 1851, at which time he failed of re-election. As Missouri was not admitted into the Union until August 10, 1821, more than a year of his first term of service expired be fore he took his seat. He occupied himself during this interval in acquiring a knowledge of the language and literature of Spain. Immediately after he ap peared in the Senate he took a prominent part in the deliberations of that body, and rapidly rose to dis tinction; was one of the chief supporters of the ad ministrations of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. The people of Missouri long clung to him as their leader, and it required persevering effort to defeat him; but he had served them during the period of thirty years without interruption, and others, who aspired to honors which he enjoyed, became impa tient for an opportunity to supplant him. He was distinguished for his learning, iron will, practical mind, and strong memory. As a public speaker he was not interesting or calculated to produce an effect on the passions of an audience, but his speeches were read with avidity, always producing a decided in fluence; was elected a Representative in the Thirty- third Congress for the District of St. Louis; on his retirement from public life devoted himself to the preparation of a valuable register of the debates in Congress, upon which he labored until his death, which occurred in Washington, on the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer in the stomach. He was the author of a political work, giving an account of his observa tions during his Senatorial service of thirty years. Beresford, Richard ; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785. Bergen, John T.; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1831 to 1833. Bergen, Teunis G-.; was born in Go wan us, city of Brooklyn, New York, October 6, 1806; was edu cated at the Academy of Erasmus Hall, Flatbush; was a surveyor and horticulturist; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1846; was Supervisor of the town of New Utrecht for twenty- three years; served in all the grades, from Sergeant to Colonel, in the State Militia; was a member of the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of I860; was; in 1864, elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Bernhisel, John M.; was born in Cumberland -County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1799; graduated in the Medical Department of Pennsylvania University; engaged in the practice of medicine; was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-Fifth Congress from the Ter ritory of Utah; re-elected to the Thirty -sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. Barrian, Hobart ; was born in New York, and was the son of the Reverend Doctor of Divinity bearing the name; was a man of superior culture and education; after holding the position of a Clerk in the Treasury Department, was, in 1861, appointed the Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, where he re mained until 1864. Berrien, John McPherson ; was born in New Jersey, August 23, 1781; when a child removed, with his father, to Georgia; graduated at Princeton in his fifteenth year, and was admitted to the bar in 1799; in 1809 was elected Solicitor-General, and the next year Judge of the Eastern Circuit. During the war of 1812 had command of a regiment of volunteer cavalry; served in the State Legislature for several years; in 1824 was elected to the United States Sen ate, where he remained until 1829, when he took a seat in the cabinet of President Jackson as Attorney- General. For a while afterwards held various posi tions of responsibility in Georgia; in 1840 was again elected to the United States Senate for six years, taking an active part in all leading measures, and officiating most of the time as Chairman of the Ju diciary Committee; in 1845 was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Georgia; in 1847 was once more elected to the United States Senate, resigning his seat in May, 1852. On his return to Georgia, he still continued, in various ways, to pro mote the public good. Died at Savannah, Georgia, January 1, 1856, universally lamented. Berry, Campbell P.; was born in Jackson Coun ty, Alabama, November 7, 1834; removed to Arkan sas in 1841, and thence to California in 1857; gradu ated at Methodist College, Vacaville, California, in 1865; engaged in farming; was Supervisor of Sutter County for three years; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1869, 1871, 1875, and 1877, the last term was Speaker of the House; was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomin ation. Berry, James H.; was born in Jackson County, Alabama, May 15, 1841; removed to Arkansas in 1848; received a limited ed ucation at a private school at Berry ville, Arkansas; entered the Confederate Army, in 1861, as a Second Lieutenant of Infantry; lost a leg at the battle of Corinth, Mississippi, in October, 1862, and retired from the service; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866, and engaged in the practice of law at Benton ville, Arkansas; in the same year was elected a Representative in the Arkansas Legislature; was again elected to the same position in 1872; at the extraordinary session of the Legislature, in 1874, was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives; was President of the Democratic State Convention in 1876; in 1878 was elected Judge of the State Circuit Court; in 1882 was elected Gov ernor of Arkansas; in March, 1885, was elected United States Senator for the unexpired term ending March 3, 1889, to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of A. H. Garland to the office of Attorney-General of the United States. Berry, John ; was born April 26, 1833, in Craw ford County, Ohio; educated at the common-schools, and the Ohio Wesleyan University; graduated at the law school of Cincinnati College; was admitted to the bar in 1857; practiced his profession at Upper San- dusky; was Prosecuting Attorney of Wyandot County in 1862, and again in 1864; never was a candidate for any other office until elected to the Forty-third Congress. Berry, Nathaniel S.; was Governor of New Hampshire for two years, from 1861 to 1863, taking an active interest in raising troops for the War of the Rebellion. Bethune, Laughlin ; was a native of North Car olina, was for several years a Senator in the State BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 37 Legislature; from 1831 to 1833 was a Representative in Congress from Cumberland County in that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections. Betton, Silas; was born in 1764; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1787, was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807; "held the office of Sheriif of Rockingham County for several years. Died at Salem, New Hampshire, in 1822, aged fifty-eight years. Betts, Samuel B.; was born in Richmond, Berk shire County, Massachusetts, in 1787; spent his boy hood on his father s farm; graduated at Williams College in 1806; studied law, came to the bar in 1809, and settled in Sullivan County, New York; took part in the War of 1812, and was appointed Judge Advo cate; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, after which he settled in Newburg, and was District Attorney of Orange County; in 1823 was appointed a Circuit Judge for the State; in 1826 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which office he continued to hold until May, 1867, when he resigned and retired to private life. His labors as a Judge were long held in the highest estimation by the legal profession of New York. Died in New Haven, Connecticut, October 3, 1868. Betts, Thaddeus ; was born in Norwalk, Con necticut; graduated at Yale College in 1807, and ac quired great distinction as a lawyer; was at onetime Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut; was an influen tial member of the United States Senate from 1839 to the date of his death, April 7, 1840. He was greatly respected for his talents and character. Beveridge, John L.; was born July 6, 1824, in Greenwich, New York ; was raised on a farm and re ceived a common school education; in 1842 emigrated to Illinois and received further education at the Rock River Seminary; from 1846 to 1851 taught school in Tennessee and read law; practiced in Chicago; served four years in the Union Army as Major and Colonel of Cavalry; was Sheriff of Cook County, Illinois, two years; was elected State Senator in November, 1870, and resigned when he was elected to fill the vacancy in the Forty-second Congress caused by the election of John A. Logan to the United States Senate; was elected Governor of Illinois in 1873 for the term of four years. Bibb, George M.; was born in Virginia in 1772; graduated at Princeton College in 1792; studied law, and settled in Kentucky; was a Justice, and twice Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky; was iu the State Senate two years; held the position of Chancellor of the Court of Chancery ; was Secretary of the Treasury under President Tyler; afterwards practiced his profession in the City of Washington, and acted as an assistant in the office of the Attorney- General of the United States; his services in Congress were rendered as a Senator from 1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 to 1835. Died in Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia, April 14, 1859. Bibb, Thomas; was a kinsman of W. W. Bibb, wl-.om he succeeded as Governor of Alabama in 1820, holding the office until 1821. Bibb, "William W. ; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1806 to 1814, and a Sena tor in Congress from 1813 to 1816; in 1817 was ap pointed Governor of the Territory of Alabama; was elected first Governor under the Constitution of that Htate in 1819; was originally educated for the medi cal profession. Died at his residence, in Fort Jack son, Alabama, July 9. 1820, aged thirty-nine years. Bibighaus, Thomas M.; was born in Pennsyl vania in, 1816; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1853. Bicknell, Bennet ; was born in Mansfield, Con necticut; served in the Assembly of the State in 1812; was a State Senator from 1815 to 1818; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York from 1837 to- 1839. . Died at Morrisville, Madison County, in 1863. Bicknell, George Augustus ; was born at Phil adelphia, Pennsylvania; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania and received, from that institution, the degrees of A. B. and A. M. ; studied law at the Yale Law School ; in 1846 removed to Scott County, Indiana; was elected Fence Viewer in 1847; County Prosecutor in 1848; Circuit Prosecutor in 1850; Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit of the State in 1852, holding this position, by successive re-elections, for twenty-four years; from 1861 to 1870 was Professoi of Law at the University of Indiana, and received, from that institution, the degree of LL.D. ; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- fifth Congress ; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Con gress. Biddle, Charles John ; was born in Philadel phia in 1819; graduated at Princeton College in 1837; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; served as a Captain of Voltigeurs, United States Army, in the war with Mexico; was in the actions of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and the taking of the City of Mexico, and was brevetted a Major for gallant and meritorious services; after the Mexican war resumed the practice of his profession in Philadelphia; in 1861 was appointed a Colonel in the Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps; while in the field in Virginia was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of E. Joy Morris; before quitting the field was tendered the commission of Brigadier-General, but declined it, preferring to serve his constituents in a civil capacity. Died in Philadelphia. September 28, 1873. He was the son of Nicholas Biddle. Biddle, Edward ; was born in 1739; was an of ficer in the French War from 1756 to 1763; became eminent as a lawyer in Reading, Pennsylvania; was a member of the Assembly, and Speaker; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775; and was one of the prominent advocates of Inde pendence. Died in Baltimore, September 5, 1779. Biddle, James ; was born at Philadelphia, Feb ruary 28, 1783; was educated at the University of Pennsylvania; entered the navy as midshipman in 1800; was wrecked in the frigate Philadelphia oft* Tripoli in 1803, and was a prisoner nineteen months; was made lieutenant in 1807; was first-lieutenant of the Wasp, and led the action with the Frolic in 1812; captured by the Poictiers, in October, 1812; ex changed in March, 1813; made master-commander, and given a flotilla on the Delaware; while in com mand of the Hornet, was blockaded in New London, but escaped and captured the British brig Penguin, receiving a wound in the neck; for this action he was voted a gold medal by Congress; Philadelphia presented him with a service of plate, and he re ceived other honors; was made Captain in 1815; held other important commands in the Pacific, on the coast of South America, and West Indies; and from 1830 to 1832 had command of the Mediterranean squadron, during which time he negotiated a treaty with the Ottoman Government. - In 1845 was U. S. Commissioner to ratify a treaty with China; visited 38 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Japan in the Columbus; commanded the squadron on the west coast of Mexico during the war; .from 1838 to 1842 had charge of the Naval Asylum on the Schuylkill. Died in Philadelphia, October 1, 1848. Biddle, John; was born in Philadelphia; was an officer in the War of 1812, acquitting himself with bravery; held the position of Paymaster in the army; also, that of Indian Agent; was a Delegate to Con gress from the Territory of Michigan from 1829 to 1 831 , when he was appointed Register of the Land Office at Detroit, Michigan. Died at the White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, August 25, 1859, aged about seventy years. Biddle, Nicholas ; was born in Philadelphia, January 1, 1786; graduated at Princeton College in 1801; was Secretary of Legation at Paris in 1804, and at London in 1806; traveled in Europe; in 1807 re turned to Philadelphia and practiced law; edited the Portfolio; compiled, by request of the President of the United States, a "Commercial Digest," which was issued by Congress; also prepared the narrative of Lewis and Clarke s expedition to the Pacific; was a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1810 and 1811; State Senator in 1814; advocated the war with England; was Director of the United States Bank in 1819, and its President from 1823 to 1839, and during the suspension of interest on the State debt, published a plan for its liquidation, which was adopted by the Legislature; was President of the Agricultural and Horticultural Societies, of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, and of Girard College. He delivered an eulogiurn on Jef ferson before the Philosophical Society, and an ad dress on the "Duties of the American," before the alumni of Princeton College. Died in Philadelphia, February 27, 1844. Biddle Richard; brother of Nicholas Biddle: was born in Philadelphia, March 25, 1796; served during the war of 1812, in the protection of Phila delphia; became a leader of the Pittsburg bar; visited England from 1827 to 1830, and was occupied in historical investigations; on his return resumed the practice of law; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841. While in England he published an expose of Captain Basil Hall s " Travels in America." His " Life of Sebas tian Cabot," in 1831, brought to light new and im portant facts in the discovery of America. ^Died j n Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1847. Biddle, Thomas; was a citizen of Pennsylvania; in 1861 was appointed Secretary of Legation to Brazil, and acted as Charge d Affaires; in 1871 was appointed Minister Resident to Salvador, where he remained until 1873; in 1875, was appointed Minister Resident to Ecuador; his death occurred at Guyaquil, May 7, 1875, whilst on his way to his post; he was a nephew of Nicholas Biddle. Bidlack, Benjamin A.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1845; died at Bogota, New Grenada, February 29, 1849, to which country he had been appointed Charge d Affaires immediately after leaving Congress. Bidwell, Barnabas ; graduated at Yale College in 1785; received the degree of LL.D. from that in stitution; from 1801 to 1805 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1807; At torney-General for the State from 1807 to 1810. Died in 1833. Bidwell, John; was born in Chautauqua County, New York, August 5, 1819, both his grandfathers having fought in the Revolutionary War; in 1829 went with his father s family to Erie, Pennsylvania, and in 1831 to Ash tabula County, Ohio; was educated at Kingsville Academy; taught school in Darke County, in the winter of 1838-1839; and subsequently followed the same employment for two years in Missouri; in 1841 emigrated to California, being one of the first to cross the wild overland route, which journey occupied six months. His first employment on the Pacific coast was to take charge of Bodega and Fort Ross; also had charge of Sutter s Feather Rivei possessions; served in the War with Mexico until its close, rising from Second Lieutenant to Major; was the first man to find gold on Feather River, in 1848; in 1849 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and during the same year was elected to the Senate of the new State; in 1850 was one of the two appointed to convey a block of gold-bearing quartz to Washington City; was a dissatisfied Del egate to the Charleston Convention in 1860; was a Brigadier-General of Militia; in 1864 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture: was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866: in 1875 was a candidate for Governor of California, but was de feated. Bierne, Andrew ; was a native of Ireland, and, on becoming a citizen of Virgina, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Biery, James S.; was born in Venango County, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1839; received an academic education; taught school several years; studied the ology and law; was admitted to the bar in 1868; in 1869 was a candidate for the Legislature, running ahead of his ticket; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage. Bigby, John Summerfield ; was born in Co- weta County, Georgia, February 13, 1832; received his early education at the county schools; graduated at Emory College, Georgia, in 1 853 ; studied and prac ticed law; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867-1868; was Solicitor-General of the Tallapoosa Circuit in 1868; was Judge of its Su perior Court until 1871; was elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving on the joint Committees of Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and Re vision of the laws of the United States. Bigelow, Abijah ; was born in Westminster. Worcester County, Massachusetts, December 5, ]77.~">; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1798; was Town Clerk of Leominster for five years; served two years as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts: was a Representative in Congress from 1810 to 1815: from 1817 to 1833 was Clerk of the County Court ol Worcester; at one time Treasurer and Trustee of Leicester Academy; in 1838 was appointed a Master in Chancery for Worcester County; held the office ot Justice of the Peace for about fifty years. Died April 4, 1860. Bigelow, Hobert B.; was|Governor of Connecti cut from 1881 to 1883. Bigelow, John ; was born in Ulster County, New York, November 25, 1817; graduated at Union College in 1835; studied law, and came to the bar in 1838; from 1845 to 1848 held the position of Prison Inspector at Sing Sing; in 1849 joined the New York BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Evening Post as Chief Assistant Editor, (next to its proprietor, William C. Bryant); during the same year made a visit to the Island of Jamaica, about which he published an interesting volume; in 1861 went to Paris as American Consul; in 1865 was ap pointed Charge d Affaires at the same place; in 1865 was elevated to the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary ; resigned in 1866. On his return home devoted him self to literary pursuits, and in 1874 published an elaborate life of Benjamin Franklin, containing much new information gathered by him in France; in 1875 was invited by Governor Tilden, to preside over a commission organized to investigate certain alleged frauds connected with the Erie Canal. His contribu tions to the literature of the country have been ex tensive and important. In November, 1875, was elected Secretary of the State of New York. Bigelow, Lewis ; was born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1783; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1821 to 1823; was the author of the " Digest of the First Twelve Volumes of Massachusetts Reports;" removing to Peoria, Illinois, became Clerk of the County Court there. Died in October, 1838. Bigger, Finley ; was born in Ohio; in 1853 was appointed, from Indiana, Register of the United States Treasury, holding the office until 1861. Bigger, Samuel ; was born in Warren County, Ohio, about 1800; graduated at Athens University; studied law at Lebanon, and commenced to practice in Indiana; was a Representative in the Legislature in 1834 and 1835; afterwards Judge of the Circuit Court; was Governor of Indiana from 1840 to 1843. The Indiana Hospital was established by his influ ence. Died at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845. Biggs, Asa ; was born in Williamstown, Martin County, North Carolina, February 4, 1811; was edu cated at an academy; served as a merchant s clerk; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831; in 1835 was elected a member of the Constitutional Con vention of that State; in 1840, 1842, and 1844 was elected to the State Legislature; was chosen a mem ber of the Twenty-ninth Congress; in 1850 was one of the three Commissioners appointed to revise the Statutes of the State; in 1854 went a second time in to the State Senate; was elected a Senator in Con gress in 1854 for six years; resigned, May, 1858, to accept the appointment of Judge of the United States District Court of North Carolina. Biggs, Benjamin T.; was born in Delaware, Oc tober 1, 1821; spent his youth upon a farm; attended the Pennington Seminary for two years; afterward taught school for a short time; was subsequently a student in the Wesleyan University of Connecticut, but left it on account of his health; in 1847 turned his attention to farming; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1852; subsequently took an interest in railroad operations, and was elected Director in a Maryland company; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and the Treasury Department. Bigler, "William; was born at Shermansburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in December, 1814: received a limited education, ai\d, instead of a college, graduated in a printing-office; by his own personal efforts established, and for several years car ried on, entirely unaided, the Clearfield Democrat; dis posing of his paper, devoted himself for a time to mercantile pursuits and politics; in 1841 was elected to the State Convention; was a member of the State Senate up to 1847, part of the time Speaker; in 1851 was elected Governor of Pennsylvania; subsequently became President of the Philadelphia and Erie Rail road Company; in 1855 was elected a Senator in Con gress for six years, serving on the Committees on Com merce, Post Offices and Post Roads, and Engrossed Bills; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864, to the Philadelphia National Union Conven tion " of 1866, and the New York Convention of 1868; in 1875 was appointed a fiscal agent for the Centen nial Exhibition. Billinghurst, Charles ; was born in Brighton, Monroe County, New Y r ork, July^27, 1818; adopted the profession of the law, and after practicing a few years, removed to Wisconsin in 1847, and was a mem ber of the first Legislature of that State, in 1848; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress from Wiscon sin, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Judiciary Committee; was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Died at Juneau, Wisconsin, August 18, 1865. Billings, Edward C.; was born in Massachu setts: received a collegiate education; studied law, and engaged in practice, removed to Louisiana, set tling at New Orleans; in February, 1876, was ap pointed United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Louisiana. Binckley, John M.; was a practicing lawyer in the District of Columbia, from which, in 1867, he was appointed Assistant Attprney-General of the United States, holding the position only about a year. Bines, Thomas; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1814 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1820. Bingham, Henry H. ; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1841; graduated at Jefferson Col lege in 1862; studied law; served in the Union Army from 1862 to 1866, rising to the rank of Brevet Briga dier-General ; was Postmaster of Philadelphia from 1867 to 1872; in 1872 was elected Clerk of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer, and was re-elected in 1875; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tions of 1872 and 1876; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Bingham, John A.; was born in Pennsylvania in 1815; received an academic education; spent two years in a printing-office; entered Franklin College, in Ohio, but his health prevented him from graduat ing; studied law in Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1840; from 1845 to 1849 was Attorney for the State in Tuscarawas County; in 1854 was elected a Representative from Ohio in the Thirty -fourth Con gress; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; during his first term was a member of the Committee on Elections, and made a report on the Illinois contested cases, which was adopted by the House; also served as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department; was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Com mittee; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; in 1864, was appointed a Judge- Advocate in the army; in August of the same year was appointed Solicitor of the Court of Claims; in May, 1865, was Assistant Judge- Advocate in the trial of the conspirators who were charged with the murder of President Lincoln; re-elected to the Thirty-niuth Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, the Freedinen, and Reconstruction; was one of the Representatives 40 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. designated by the House to attend the funeral of Gen- ieral Scott in 1866; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia * Loyalists Convention" of 1866; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Re construction, as Chairman of the Committees on Claims and Judiciary, and as one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson; re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses; in March, 1873, was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan. Bing-ham, Kinsley S.; was born at Camillus, Ouondaga County, New York, December 16, 1808; received a fair academic education; taught school for a, time at Bennington, Vermont; spent three years in the, office of a lawyer as clerk; emigrated to Michigan in 1833, and settled upon a farm; was elected to the Michigan Legislature in 1835, and was five years a member of that body three years elected Speaker; was a Representative in Congress from Michigan from 1847 to 1851, and served on the Couiuiittee on Com merce; was elected Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 1856; also held in other years the offices of Post master, Supervisor, Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of Probate, and Brigadier-General of Militia; in 1859 was elected a Senator in Congress froni Michigan, for six years. Died at Oak Grove, Livingston County, Michigan, October 5, 1861. Bingham, William ; graduated at the College of Philadelphia in 1768; was agent for this country at Martinique during the Revolution; in 1786 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsyl vania; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1795, serving until 1801, and as President pro tern, of the Senate during the Fourth Congress. Died at Bath, England, February 7, 1884, aged fifty-two years. Binney, Horace ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780; graduated at Harvard University in 1797; was educated as a lawyer; was a Director of the old United States Bank, and one of the Trustees to whom its affairs was intrusted when it was wound up; was a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1806 and 1807, and declined a re-elec tion ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl vania from 1833 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means; declined a re-elec tion; in 1827 the degree of LL.D. was conferred up on him by Harvard University; published the " Re ports of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania," be tween 1779 and 1814; was a lawyer of very great in fluence, and defended the city of Philadelphia in a suit brought by Stephen Glrard. Died in that city, August 12, 1875. Birney, James; in December, 1875, was ap pointed, from the State of Michigau, Minister Resi dent to the Netherlands. Bird, John; was a native of Litchfield, Connec ticut; afterwards settled in Troy, New York; was early distinguished at the bar of that State and in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from 1799 to 1801, from New York. Bird, John T.; was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, August 16, 1829; received a coniniou- school and classical education; spent his youth chief ly on his father s farm; studied law, and came to the bar in 1855; in 1863 was appointed Prosecuting At torney for Hunterdon County for five years; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia, and Invalid Pensions; re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. Birdsall Ausburn ; was born in New York ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849; was subsequently appointed Naval Storekeeper in New York City. Birdsall, James ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817; was a mem ber of the Assembly of that State in 1837. Birdsall, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839. Birdseye, Victory ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1841 to 1843; a Delegate to the State Con stitutional Convention of 1821; a State Senator in 1821 and 1829, as well as member of the Assembly for three years. Died September 16, 1853, aged sev enty-one years. Bisbee, Horatio, Jr.; was born at Canton, Maine, May 1, 1839; graduated at Tuft s College, Massa chusetts; entered the Union Army, in 1861, as a pri vate and rose to the rank of Colonel; located at Jack sonville, Florida, and commenced the practice of law there in 1865; was United States District Attorney from 1869 to 1873; was, for a short time, Attorney- General of the State; was elected a Representative from Florida to the Forty-fifth Congress, but was un seated eight days before the expiration of the Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth and Forty- seventh Congresses, securing his seat only after a contest; was also re-elected to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Bishop, James ; was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey; was bred a merchant; served in the Leg islature of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Bishop, Phanuel ; from 1787 to 1791 was a mem ber of the State Senate; in 1792, 1793, 1797, and 1798, a Representative in the State Legislature; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1807. Bishop, Richard M.; was Governor of Ohio from 1878 to 1880. Bishop, William D.; was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, September 14, 1827; graduated at Yale College in 1849; studied law as a profession, but soon engaged almost exclusively in railroad business, being for several years President of the Naugatuck Railroad Company; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress from Connecticut, and was Chairman on the Committee on Manufactures. In May, 1859, was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commis sioner of Patents, but resigned in January, 1860. In 1866 was again elected to the State Legislature; after wards held various positions of trust and honor in Connecticut. Bissell, Clark ; was born in Lebanon, Connecti cut, in 1782; graduated at Yale College in 1806; studied law and settled at Norwalk; from 1829 to 1839 was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1847 and 1848 was Governor of the State; was Kent Professor of Law in Yale College from 1847 to 1855. Received the degree of LL. D. from Yale Col lege in 1847.. Died at , Norwalk, Connecticut, Sep tember 15, 1857. Bissell, William H.; was born in Hart wick. Otsego County, New York, April 25, 1811; was self- educated, attending school in the summer, and teach ing school in the winter; studied medicine, and grad- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 41 tinted in 1834 at tine Medical College in Philadelphia; removed to Illinois, a r^. after practicing his profes sion until 1840, was elected to the State Legislature; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois; after practicing with success, was, in 1844, elected a Prosecuting Attorney; served with distinction in the Mexican War, especially at Beuna Vista, as Captain of the Second Regiment Illinois Volunteers; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois from 1849 to 1855; in 1856 was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, to the duties of which office he devoted his undivided attention. Died at Springfield, Illi nois, March 18, 1860. Black, Edward J.; was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1806; never attended college, but read law, and was admitted to the bar of Augusta, Georgia, in 1827; commenced his public life by going into the Htate Legislature, where he served for several years; was elected a Representative in Congress from Georgia in 1838, remaining there until 1845. Died in 1846 in Barnwell District, South Carolina, whither he had gone tor change of scene. Black, George B.; was born in Scriver County, Georgia, March 24, 1835; received a collegiate educa tion; studied law; was admitted to practice at Sa vannah, Georgia, in 1857; divided his attention be tween the law and agriculture; served in the Confed- jerate Army during the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1865; also to the Democratic National Convention of 1872; was a State Senator from 1874 to 1877; was elected a Rep resentative from Georgia to the Forty-seventh Con gress. Black, Henry ; was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1783; was the father of Judge J. S. Black; in 1815 was elected to the State Legislature, and for three successive years afterwards; ; in 1820 was appointed an Associate Judge of his county, and held the office for twenty years; in 1841. tat a special election, was chosen to fill the seat in ^Congress made vacant by the death of Charles Ogle, serving during the extra session of that year; when on the point of his departure for Washington, at the commencement of the regular session, died suddenly, November 28, 1841. Black, James ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Black, James A.; was born in South Carolina; served as a Captain in the War of 1812; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to the time of his death. Died in Washington, April 5, 1848. Black, Jeremiah S.; was born in the Glades, (Somerset County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1810; was a lawyer by profession, having been admitted to the bar in 1830; in 1842 was appointed Presiding Judge of the Judicial District in which he lived; in 1851 was elected to the bench of the State Supreme Court, and made Chief Justice; was re-elected in 1854; March 5, 1857, received, from President Buchanan, the appointment of Attorney-General of the United States; was Secretary of State from December, 1860, to March, 1861; resumed the practice of law. Died August 19, 1883. Black, John; was born in New York in 1792; was for forty years a resident of Mexico, where he was a Consul of the United States, and also Minister Resident there during the Mexican War. Died in Albany, November 19, 1873. Black, John ; was at one time a resident of Lou isiana, but removing to Mississippi, was elected a Senator in Congress, from 1832 to 1838, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims during the first term. Died in Winchester, Virginia, August 29, 1854. Black, John O.; was born at Lexington, Missis sippi, January 22, 1839; in 18-17 removed to Dan ville, Illinois; was educated in the common schools and an academy, and took a partial course at W abash College, Crawlbrdsville, Indiana; entered the Union Army in April, 1861, and served until August, 1865, rising from the ranks, through all the intermediate grades, to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier- General ; was trustee of the Illinois Soldiers Or phans Home for one term ; was Manager of the Na tional Soldiers Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers; was three times an unsuccessful candidate for Con gressman; removed from Danville to Urbana, and thence to Champaign, Illinois; March 10, 1885, was appointed Commissioner of Pensions at Washington. Black, Samuel W. ; was born in Pennsylvania, and appointed from that State an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Ne braska; was appointed Governor of that Territory in 1861, remaining in office until 1867. Blackburn, J. O. S.; was born in Woodford Coun ty, Kentucky, October 1, 1838; graduated at Centre College in 1857; studied law, and came to the bar in Lexington in 1858; entered the Confederate Army as a private, and was promoted to the rank of Lieuten ant-Colonel before the close of the war; was elected to the State Legislature in 1871; re-elected in 1873; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty- eighth Congresses; in February, 1884, was elected a Senator of the United States, from Kentucky, for six years from March 4, 1885. Blackburn, Luke P.; was Governor of Kentucky from 1879 to 1883. Blackburn, Win. Jasper; was born in Arkan sas, July 24, 1820; was left an orphan at an early age, and was wholly self-educated; was bred a printer, and became the editor of a newspaper in Louisiana, called the Homer Iliad ; was an occasional writer in prose and verse for "Ladies Books;" was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on. Revolutionary Pensions. Though born in a Slave State he was always opposed to slavery, and during the Rebellion his printing-office was frequently mobbed by his political enemies. Blackford, Isaac N.; was born at Bound Brook, New Jersey, November 6, 1786; graduated at the New Jersey College in 1806; removed to Indiana in 1812; became Clerk of the Territorial Legislature in 1813; was Judge of the First District Court in 1814 and 1815; Speaker of the first State Legislature in 1816; Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana from 1819 to 1835; Judge of the United States Court of Claims from 1855 until his death in Washington City, December 31, 1859. Blackford, William M.; was a citizen of Vir ginia, and in 1842 was appointed Charge iV Affaires to the Republic of Columbia, where he remained two years. Blackledge William ; was for several years a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina: 42 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. served that State as Representative in Congress, from 1803 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1813. Died at Spring IHill, Lenoir County, North Carolina, October 19, 11828. Blackledge, William S.; was born in Pitt County, North Carolina; was a member of the Gen eral Assembly of North Carolina; was elected to Con- igress from that State for the term from 1821 to 1823. ! Died in Nevvbern, North Carolina, March 21, 1857, aged sixty-four. Blackmar, Esbon; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1848 to 1849, for the unexpired term of John M. iHolley; also served two years in the State Assembly (from Wayne County. Black-well, Julius W.J was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Blackwood, "William G-.; was born in Pennsyl vania; settled in Missouri, from which State he was appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico. Elaine, James Grillespie ; was born in Wash ington County, Pennsylvania, January 31, 1830; graduated at Washington College in 1847; adopted the profession of an editor; removed to Maine; edited the Kennebec Journal and Portland Advertiser for several years; served four years in the Maine tLegislature, two years as Speaker of the House; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affiiirs, the Special Commit tee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chair man of the Committee on the War Debts of the Loyal States; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, .serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Rules; was re-elected to the Forty -rirst Congress, and made Speaker of the House, holding the same po sition during the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses; also re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; ;in 1876 was elected United States Senator, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Lot M. Morrill; was re-elected for the term ending in 1883; resigned in 1881, to accept the post of Secretary of ! State, in the cabinet of President Garfield, serving from March until December of that year; was an un successful candidate for President of the United States in 1884. Blaine, "Walker ; was a resident of Maine; re ceived a collegiate education; in 1881 was appointed Third Assistant Secretary of State; the same year was sent, in conjunction with W. H. Triscott, as a Special Envoy to Peru and Chili. Blair, Austin ; was born in Caroline, Tompkins County, New York, February 8, 1818; graduated at Union College in 1839; studied law, and, removing to Michigan, practiced the profession in that State; after holding the local offices of County Clerk and Prosecuting Attorney for his county, was elected to the Legislature, and afterwards to the Senate of the State; was Governor of Michigan from 1861 to 1865; in 1866 was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Rules, and Militia; re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Land Claims. Blair, Barnard; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Elections. Blair, Francis Preston ; was born in Abing- don, Virginia, April 12, 1791; removed to Kentucky with his father about the year 1800; graduated at Transylvania University; studied law, but from ill health never practiced; engaged early in politics, and supported his friend, Mr. Clay, for the Presidency in 1824, but became politically estranged from him dur ing the administration of J. Q. Adams. His views against nullification, in a Kentucky paper, caused General Jackson to invite him to edit a Democratic journal in Washington. The Globe was commenced by him in 1830, and continued until 1845. He then retired to his estate at Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland, and engaged in agricultural pu r- suits; withdrew from the Democratic party in 1848; after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise took part in the Republican organization, and supported General Fremont for the Presidency in 1856. Blair, Francis P., Jr.; was born in Lexington, Kentucky, February 19, 1821 ; graduated at Princeton College; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 1854, and elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; elected to the Thirty-sev enth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs; was a Colonel of Volunteers in 1861; in 1862 was appointed a Major-General in the army, and was subsequently re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress. During the first session of that Congress he resigned his seat in the House to resume his position in the army, but, by the action of the House, subsequently the seat was assigned to his con testant, Samuel Knox; in 1866 was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of St. Louis, but rejected by the Senate; was a Dele gate to the Cleveland "Soldiers Convention" of 1866: in December of that year was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad; in 1868 was nominated for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Horatio Seymour, and was defeated; was a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of C. D. Drake, from 1871 to 1873, serving on import ant Committees; in 1848 he published the " Life and Public services of General William A. Butler." Died in St. Louis, Missouri, July 9, 1875. Blair, Henry "W.; was born at Campton, New Hampshire, December 6, 1834; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and engaged in practice; was Prosecuting At torney for Grat ton County in 1860; served in the Union Army as Lieutenant-Colonel during the War of the Rebellion; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1866, and a State Senator in 1867 and 1868; was elected a Representative, from New Hamp shire to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses; "declined a re-nomination ; was elected a Senator of the United States, from New Hampshire, for the term of six years, from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was re- elected for a second term. Blair, Jacob B.; was born in Parkersburg,Wood County, Virginia, April 11, 1821; received a common school education; studied and adopted the profession of the law; was Prosecuting Attorney for Ritchie. County for several years; was elected a Representa tive from Virginia to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; in 1863 was elected a Representative from the new state of West Virginia to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Ex penditures, and Public Buildings and Grounds; ia BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1867 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; was United States Minister to Costa Rica from 1868 to 1872; in 1876 was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming Territory, and was re-appointed in 1880, and again in 1884. Blair, James ; was born in Lancaster, South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to 1834. Died at Washington, by his own hand, April 1, 1834. Blair, John ; was born in Williamsburg, Vir ginia, in 1732; graduated at William and Mary Col lege; studied law at the Temple, London, and be^ came an eminent lawyer. Was a member of the Legislature in 1765, and, on the dissolution of the House, in 1769, he, with Washington and other pa triots, drafted the Non-Importation Agreement, at Raleigh Tavern ; was one of the Committee, in June, 1776, which drew up the plan for the government of the State; was elected a Judge of the Court of Ap peals, then Chief Justice, and, in 1780, Judge of the High Court of Chancery; was a Delegate to the Phil adelphia Convention to Revise the Articles of Con federation; supported the "Virginia Plan," and, with Washington and Madison, alone of all the Vir ginia Delegates, voted for the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and also for its ratification in the State Convention; in September, 1789, was appointed, by President Washington, a Judge of the United States Supreme Court ; resigned this position in 1796. Died in Williamsburg, August 31, 1800. Blair, John ; was born in Washington County, Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before entering Congress he served in both branches of the State Legislature. Died at Jonesborough, Tennessee, in July, 1863. Blair, Montgomery ; was born in Franklin County, Kentucky, May 10, 1813; was educated at the West Point Academy ; served in the Florida War under General Scott; studied law, and settled in the practice of the profession at St. Louis, in 1839 ; was Mayor of that city in 1842; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1843 to 1849, when he resigned; in 1852 removed to Maryland; practiced his profes sion in the Supreme Court of the United States; was one of the Counsel in the Dred Scott case; was ap pointed, by President Pierce, Solicitor of the Court of Claims; in 1860 acted as President of the " Mary land Republican Convention," and as a Presidential Elector at the subsequent election; in 1861 was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Postmaster-General, resigning the position in October, 1864. His brother, F. P. Blair, Jr., was a member of Congress, and his father, Francis P. Blair, was, for many years, a Pub lic Printer in Washington, in conjunction with John C. Rives. Died July 27, 1883. Blair, Samuel S. ; was born in Pennsylvania ; was elected a Representative from that State to the Tlyrty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was placed at the head of that Committee, serving, also, on several other Committees. Blaisdell, Daniel ; was a State Councilor from 1803 to 1808, and a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1808 to 1811. Died in 1832, aged seventy -three years. Blaisdell, H. G.; was the first Governor of Ne vada after it became a State, and served as such from 1864 to 1869. Blake, Harrison G-.; was born in New Fane, Windham County, Vermont, March 17, 1818; re ceived a common school education ; removed to Ohio in 1830; while engaged as a merchant s clerk studied law, and, after devoting much of his life to mercan tile pursuits, adopted the profession of the law:: served four years in the Ohio Legislature, and was President of the State Senate in 1848 and 1849; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Accounts; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists Convention" of 1866. Blake, Henry N. ; in July, 1875, he was appointed one of the Associate Justices of the United States for the Territory of Montana. Blake, John, Jr.; was a native of New York, and a Representative in Congress from that State front 1805 to 1809; was a member of the New York Assem bly in 1819. Blake, John B.; was born in Colchester, Fairfax: County, Virginia, August 12, 1802; when a child of six years, removed with his father to Washington City; received a good education at the Georgetown College, and at Charlotte College in Maryland; turned his attention to medicine, and graduated as a phy sician at the University of Maryland; was Commis sioner of Public Buildings during a part of the admin istration of President Pierce, and during the whole of that of President Buchanan; was for many years President of the National Metropolitan Bank of Washington City; was, for a time, connected with the Board of Public Works in Washington, and when the change took place in the office of the Treasurer of the United States, in 1875, was one of the Committee appointed to count the money in the national vaults- Blake, John L.; was born at Boston, Massachu setts, March 25, 1831 ; removed to Orange, New Jer sey, when fifteen years of age; studied and practiced law; was a member of the House of Assembly in 1857; was a Delegate to the Republican National Con vention of 1876, and a candidate for Presidential Elector in the same year; was elected a Representative from Mew Jersey to the Forty-sixth Congress. Blake, Joseph; was Governor of South Carolina in 1694, and from 1696 to his death in 1700. He was a proprietary. Blake, Thomas H.; was born in Calvert County, Maryland, June, 1792; passed his boyhood in Wash ington City; served at the battle of Bladensburg, in 1814; was an early emigrant to the State of Kentucky,, and afterwards to Indiana while a Territory; upon, the formation of the State Government settled at Terre Haute; there practiced law; served on the bench of the Circuit Court, and was District Attor ney; subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits; was, for many years, a member of the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1827 to 1829; under President Tyler s adminis tration was Commissioner of the General Laud Office, and, upon his resignation, was appointed President of the Wabash and Erie Canal Company; he held this, office at the time of his death, having just returned from England, where, as the financial agent of his State, he had made satisfactory arrangements with its public creditors. Died at Cincinnati, while on bis return from Washington, November 28, 1849. 44 BIGG K A P H I C A L A N N A L S . Blanchard, John; was born in the? County of Caledonia, Vermont, September 30, 1787; passed his boyhood on a farm ; prepared himself for college and graduated at Dartmouth in 1812; removed to Penn sylvania, and taught school; read law, and was ad mitted to practice; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1 845 to 1849. Died in Colum bia, Lancaster County, March 8, 1849. Blanchard, Jonathan ; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784. Blanchard, Newton Grain ; was born in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, January 29, 1849; re ceived an academic education; graduated as a Batch- lor of Laws at the University of Louisiana in 1870; commenced practice at Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1871 ; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention of 1879; was appointed a Major in the State Militia; was made a Trustee of the University of the South, at Sewannee, Tennessee; was elected a Rep resentative from Louisiana to the Forty -seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Bland, Ballard; was born in Kentucky; edu cated for the legal profession ; while residing in Louis ville was appointed United States Judge for the District of Kentucky. Bland, Richard; was a native of Virginia; was for some years a leading member of the House of Burgesses; in 1768 was one of the Committee ap pointed to remonstrate with Parliament on the sub ject of taxation; in 1773 was one of the Committee of Correspondence; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Died in 1790, aged forty-eight years. Bland, Richard Parks; was born near Hart ford, Kentucky, August 19, 1835; was left an orphan at an early age; worked during the summer to enable him to attend the common-schools in the winter; taught school in order to obtain an academic course; studied law, and practiced the profession; never held a public office until he was elected to the Forty-third Congress from Missouri; was re-elected to the Forty- iburth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo lutionary Pensions; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Bland, Theodoric ; was a native of Virginia, born in 1742; was the uncle of John Randolph; was bred a physician, but upon the commencement ot the American War quitted the practice for the army; rose to the rank of Colonel, and had the com mand of a regiment of dragoons; in 1779 had com mand of the troops at Albemarle Barracks, and continued in that station until elected to a seat in Congress from Virginia, in 1780; served in that body three years; was then chosen a member of the Vir ginia Legislature; was a Representative in the first Congress under the Constitution, having voted for its adoption. Died at New York, June 1, 1790, while attending a session of Congress. Bland, Theodoric; was born in 1777; was a lawyer by profession; was Judge of the County Court in Baltimore; Judge of the United States District Court of Maryland; was twenty -two years Chancellor of the State; from 1836 to 1841 published in Baltimore, " Reports of Cases decided in the High Court of Chancery of Maryland." Died at Annap- o .is, November 16, 1846. His father, bearing the same name, was in the Continental and Federal Con gresses. Blatchford, Richard M.; was the son of Rev. Samuel Blatchford, and born in Stratford, Connecti cut, in 1798; graduated at Union College in 1818, of which institution he was for many years a trustee and aided it with his money; taught school on Long Island and studied law at the same time; on coming to the bar settled in New York City. In 1826 was made a Financial agent for the Bank of England; in 1836 appointed to the same position by the Bank of the United States, and assisted in winding up its af fairs; in 1855 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1859 Commissioner of Central Park; subsequently, of the Public Parks generally; when the Rebellion , commenced he was entrusted with funds for the re cruiting service; in 1862 was appointed Minister to Italy. He was a warm personal friend of Daniel Webster and one of the executors under his will, and was the father of Samuel Blatchford, the United States District Judge for New York. Died at New port, September 4, 1875. Blatchford, Samuel ; was born in the city of New York, March 9, 1820; was educated at the Pitts- field Academy, Massachusetts, and at the Grammar School of Columbia College, New York, from which college he graduated in 1837; was Private Secre tary to W. H. Seward from 1839 to 1841, and Mili tary Secretary on Governor s Staff up to 1843; was admitted to the bar in 1842; was made a Counselor of the Supreme Court of the State in 1845; in the latter part of the same year went to Auburn and joined Mr. Seward and Christopher Morgan as a law partner; in 1851 was nominated for a Judge-ship on the Supreme Bench, but was not elected, in 1854 re turned to New York City, and in the following year was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State for the First District, but declined; in 1867 was appointed District Judge of the United States Court for the Southern District of New York; in 1882 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Bledsoe, Jesse ; was at onetime a distinguished advocate and jurist of Kentucky; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815; was Pro fessor of Law in the University of Transylvania, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky. Died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June 30, 1837. Bleecker, Hermanus ; was born at Albany, New York, in 1779; was a member of Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813; was appointed, by President Van Bureu, in 1839, Charge d Affaires at the Hague. In 1822 was a Regent of the University of New York, and received the degree of LL.D. Died at Albany, New York, July 19, 1849. Bliss, Archibald M.; was born in Brooklyn, Long Island, January 25, 1837; received an academic education; was tor many years engaged in mercantile pursuits; was for four years an Alderman, from 1864, and President of the Board in 1867; was defeated for Mayor in the latter year; was a Delegate to the Bal timore Convention in 1864, Chicago Convention of 1868, and the Cincinnati Convention of 1872; in 1869 and 1870 was Commissioner of Public Works lor Brooklyn; was a Director in several banks, V ice-Pres ident and Director in the New York and Long Island Bridge Company, President of the Bushwick Railroad Company; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-filth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses; was also elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 45 Bliss, George ; was born in Jericho, Chittenden County, Vermont, January 1, 1813; received an aca demic education; went to Ohio in his twentieth year, and spent one year in Granville College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841; in 1850 was appointed President Judge of the Eighth Judicial District of Ohio, serving one year, until the State Constitution was changed; in 1852 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third Congress; in 1862 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Bliss, Philemon; was born in Canton, Connecti cut, July 28, 1814; was educated at Fan-field Acad emy, Oneida Institute, and Hamilton College, New York; was a lawyer by profession; removed to Ohio; was elected President Judge of the Fourteenth Cir cuit Court; in 1854 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress; was a member of the Committee on Manufactures; was subsequently appointed a Terri torial Judge in Dakota. Blodgett, Henry W. ; was born, at Amherst, Massachusetts, July 21, 1821; removed with his pa rents to Illinois in 1831; worked on a farm until twenty-one years of age, with the exception of one year s attendance at Amherst Academy when about eighteen ; studied law in Chicago, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; in the spring of 1845 located at Waukegan in the practice of his profession ; was elected to the Legislature of Illinois in 1852; to the State Senate in 1858; was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the Northern District of Illi nois in 1870. Blood-worth, Timothy ; was born in North Car olina; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina in 1790 and 1791; a Senator of the United States from 1795 to 1801 ; was one of those who voted for locating the seat of Government on the Potomac. Died August 24, 1814. Bloom, Isaac ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but died in 1803, before taking his seat. Bloomfleld, Joseph ; was born in the town of Woodbridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey; studied law until 1775, when he became an active friend of the Revolution; was afterwards Attorney-General for New Jersey; Governor of that State from 1801 to 1812; was appointed a Brigadier-General by Presi dent Madison ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1817 to 1821. As Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, reported the bill granting pensions to soldiers of the Revolutionary Army; resided in Burlington, New Jersey, for many years before his death. Died in Burlington, October 3, 1823. Blount, James H.; was born near Clinton, Georgia, September 12, 1837; received a classical edu cation, graduating from the University of Georgia, in 1857; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and engaged in practice ; settled at Macon, Georgia; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1865 ; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty -third Congress, and was re- elected to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Blount, Thomas ; was born in North Carolina; was a General of Militia; was a Representative from his native state in the Twelfth Congress. Died in Washington, February 9, 1812. Blount, "William ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1782, 1783, 1786, and 1787, from North Carolina; was Governor of the territory south of the Ohio, having been appointed to that office m 1790; in 1796 was chosen President of the Convention of Tennessee; was elected the same year, by that State, to a seat in the United States Senate, but was expelled in 1797, for having, as it was alleged, insti gated the Creek and Cherokee Indians to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territories near the United States. While his impeachment trial was in. progress in the United States Senate he was elected a member of the State Senate and made President thereof. Died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, aged fifty-six years. Blount, William G.; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1819. Died May 21, 1827. Blount, "Willie; was Secretary to his brother William while Territorial Governor of Ohio; after wards removed to Montgomery County, Tennessee;, was a member of the Legislature of that State ; Gov ernor from 1809 to 1815; a member of the State Con stitutional Convention in 1834. Died near Clarks- ville, Tennessee, September 10, 1835, aged sixty- eight. Blow, Henry T.; was born in Southampton County, Virginia, July 15, 1817; removed to Mis souri in 1830; graduated at St. Louis University; de voted himself to the drug and lead business; served four years in the State Senate; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Venezuela, which position he resigned in less than a year; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways: and Means; was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropria tion, Bankrupt Law and Reconstruction; in 1874 was appointed one of the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, which office he resigned in 1875. Died at Saratoga, New York, September 11, 1875. Bloxham, "W. D. ; was born in Leon County, Florida, July 9, 1836; graduated at William and Mary College, Virginia, in 1856; was admitted to the bar in 1857 ; ill-health prevented his practicing his profession, and he engaged in planting; was a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1861 ; a Presi dential Elector in 1868; was elected Lieutenant-Go v- ernor in 1870; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1872; was a member of the Democratic State Committee in 1875; was appointed Secretary of the State in 1877, and served four years; was elected Governor of Florida in 1880 for the term of four years, from January, 1881. Boardman, Elijah; was born in New Milford, Connecticut, March 7, 1760; became a successful merchant; was frequently a member of the Legisla ture; was a member of the Council; was a Senator in Congress from Connecticut from 1821 to 1823. Died in Boardman, Ohio, October 8, 1823. Boardman, "William "W.; was born in New Mil- ford, Connecticut, October 10, 1794; graduated at Yale College in 1812; studied law at Litchfield and Cambridge, and practiced with success; was at one time Judge of Probate; for several years in the State- Legislature, arid Speaker of the House; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Connecticut from 1841 to 1843. Boarman, Aleck; was born at Tftzoo City, Mississippi, December 10, 1839; was educated in the- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. common-schools and at the Kentucky Military Insti tute; was engaged in the study of law at the break ing out of the Civil War; left his studies and served throughout the war as an officer in the" Confederate army; began to practice law in 1866; settled in Louisiana; was a Representative from that State to the Forty-second Congress for the unexpired term of James McCleary, deceased; was Judge of the State District Court for one term; was then, in 1881, ap pointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Louisiana. Bockee, Abraham ; was born in the town of Northeast, Dutchess County, New York, in 1783; was a member of the State Legislature in 1820, a Representative in Congress from New York from. 1829 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1837; a member of the State Senate from 1842 to 1845; also held the position, in 1846, of first Judge of the Dutchess County Court. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 1, 1865. Bocock, Thomas S.; was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, in 1815; graduated at Hampden Sidney College; adopted the profession of law; was Commonwealth Attorney for the County of Appo- inattox in 1845 and 1846; for several sessions a mem ber of the Virginia House of Delegates; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1847 to 1861, serving for some years as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Aft airs; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a mem ber of the "Confederate " Congress; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. Boden, Andrew; was " orn in Carlisle, Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821. Bodle, Charles ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Died in New York city, in 1836. Boerum Simon ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777. Boggs, L. W.J was Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. Bogy, Lewis V.; -was born in St. Genevieve, Missouri; April 9, 1813; was descended from the arly French pioneers; was educated in the common schools; in early life was a clerk; afterwards studied law in Illinois, and then at the Law School in Lex ington, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1835, and commenced practice at St. Louis; was several times elected to the State Legislature; was Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1867 and 1868; while practicing law devoted much of his time and means to develop ing the mineral resources of his native State; was one of the projectors and friends of the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad, of which he was for two years President; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Land Claims, and Education and Labor. Died in 1877. Bokee, David A.; was born in New York, Oc tober 6, 1805; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851, serving on the Com mittee on Indian Affairs; his last public position was that of Naval Officer of the port of New York, under President Fillmore. Died in Washington, M.irch 16, 1860; was on a visit to that city, and was found dead in his room. Boker, George Henry; was born in Philadel phia in 1823; graduated at Princeton College in 1842; .studied law, but never practiced. After a tour in Europe returned to Philadelphia, and published The Lesson of Life and other Poems," in 1847; " Calayuos," a tragedy, in 1848, successfully per formed in London; "Anne Boleyn," " Leonor de Guzman," "Francescade Rimini," "The Betrothal," "The Widow s Marriage," a comedy, and some minor poems and plays; was appointed Minister to Turkey in 1871, and in 1875 was transferred to the more important mission of Russia. Boles, Thomas ; was born near Clarksville, John son County, Arkansas, July 16, 1837; worked on a farm until his twentieth year, teaching school for a part of three years; in 1859 and I860 was Deputy Sheriff and Deputy Clerk of the Yell County Court; studied law, and came to the bar in the latter year; in 1863 and 1864 served as a Captain in the Union Army, experiencing many trials from ill-health and military arrests; in 1865 was chosen Judge of the Fourth Judicial District of Arkansas, which position he resigned early in 1868; was elected a Representa tive from Arkansas to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the State Department. Re- elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and the Militia. Bond, Hugh Lennox ; was born at Baltimore? Maryland, December, 16, 1828; removed Avith his parents to New York City in early life, his father being then the editor of the Christian Advocate; gradu ated from the University of the City of New York in 1848, and went at once to Baltimore, Maryland, where he commenced the tudyoflaw; w T as admitted to the bar and entered upson the practice of law at Baltimore; in 1860 was appointed, by the Governor, Judge of the Criminal Court of Baltimore, and in 1861 was elected to the same position; served until 1868, when, by the adoption of the new State Con stitution, his term expired; by his firmness and mod eration during the trying occurrences incident to the war, he won high commendation; was a leader in the advocacy of the enlistment of slaves for service in the army; when the National Government appointed certain military tribunals for the trial of citizens of Maryland, the State not being under martial law, Judge Bond charged the Grand Jury to endict the members of such unlawful tribunals; was prominent in the movement for the education of the i reedinen; in 1870 was rppointed, by President Grant, United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit; soon after assuming the duties of his office was called upo n to preside in the famous " Ku Klux " trials; in 1876 the Supreme Court of South Carolina having imprisoned the members of the Presidential Electoral Board of the State, a writ of habeas corpus was sworn out for their release and made returnable before the United States Circuit Court; after a hearing, in which the best legal talent of the country was engaged, the release of the Board was ordered on the ground that, in their capacity as Electors, they exercised a Fed eral function and were, therefore, not amenable to State law in its performance. Bond, Shadrack; was born in Maryland; was a member of the first Legislative Council of Ohio in 1799; was elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Illinois from 1811 to 1815; was the first Governor under the State Constitution. In 1814 was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Kaskaskia, Illinois. Died at Kaskaskia, April 13, 1832. Bond, William Key ; was born in St. Mays County, Maryland; emigrated to Ohioin 1812; studied law and settled in the practice of the profession at Chillicothe, and subsequently at Cincinnati; was at BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 47 one time a Colonel of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to 1841. Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864. Bonham, Milledge L.; was born in South Caro lina: graduated at the College of that State in 1834; was a lawyer by profession ; was elected a Represent ative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native State, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in December, 1860; was a Major-General of Militia, and served in Mexico at the head of a batallion of South Carolina troops; served as a Major-General in the Confederate Army in 1861; was Governor of South Carolina from 1862 to 1864; was a Delegate to the New York Conven tion of 1868. Boody, Azariah ; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- third Congress; resigned in October, 1853. Booker, George W.; was born in Patrick Coun ty, Virginia, Decembers, 1821; received a common school education; studied law, and taught school; was Justice of the Peace, and then Presiding Justice of Henry County Court, for ten years; supported the Government during the Rebellion; was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia in 1865; was nomi nated -in 1868 as State Attorney-General, but de clined the nomination; was elected to the Forty- first Congress, in 1869, as a Conservative; was re- elected to the Forty-second Congress. Boon, Ratliff ; was born in Franklin County, North Carolina, in 1781; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1839, officiating as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Lands during the Twenty-fourth Congress. Died in Louisiana, November 20, 1844. Boone, A. R.; was born in Davidson County, Tennessee, April 4, 1831; received a good education; studied law, chiefly by himself, and came to the bar in 1851; in 1854 was elected a County Judge for four years; re-elected, but resigned; in 1861 was elected to the Legislature, but resigned and returned home, where he remained until the close of the war; in 1868 was elected Judge of the first District of Kentucky, holding the position for six years; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Boone, "William F.; was born in Maryland; re sided in Pennsylvania; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico. Booth, Newton ; was born in Salem, Indiana, December 25, 1825; graduated at the Asbury Univer sity in 1846; studied law in Terre Haute, and came to the bar in 1850; in that year removed to Cali fornia, and engaged in the wholesale grocery business in Sacramento; during the period between 1857 and 1860, was absent from California and practiced the profession of law in Terre Haute, Indiana; on re turning to California, was elected to the State Senate in 1863; was elected Governor of the State in 1871, and served until March, 1874, when he resigned, hav ing been elected a Senator in Congress from Cali fornia for the term beginning in 1875 and ending in 1881. Booth, Walter ; was born in Woodbridge, New Haven County, Connecticut, December 8, 1791; after receiving a good school education in New Haven set tled in the town of Meriden ; was for several years a merchant and manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the Merideu Bank ; was a member of the General Assembly and State Senate; in 1834 was As sociate Judge.of the County Court; was Major-Gen- eral of Militia; was elected a member of the Thirty- first Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Borden, James "W. ; was a citizen of Indiana; in 1858 was appointed a Commissioner, with power to negotiate a treaty with the Government of Hawaii. Borden, Joseph ; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Colonial Congress held in New York in 1765. Borden, Nathaniel B.; was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, April 15, 1801; was a member of the State Legislature in 1831, 1834, and 1851; was a Rep resentative in Congress from the Fall River District, in that state, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committees on Elections and Territories; a State Senator from 1845 to 1848. Died at Fall River, April 10, 1865. Boreman, Arthur Inghram ; was born in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, July 24, 1823; when a child removed, with his father, to Western Virginia; received a common-school education; studied law, and, coming to the bar in 1845, commenced the prac tice at Parkersburg; in 1855 was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia, and was re-elected until 1860; was also a member of the extra session of the Legislature in 1861, taking an active part against the secession movement; was President of the Wheeling Convention of 1861, to re-organize the government of Virginia; in October of that year; was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, and held the office until 1863, when he was elected Governor of West Vir ginia; was twice re-elected, and was still in that, office when elected a Senator in Congress from West Virginia, for the term commencing in 1869, and end ing in 1875; served on the Committees on Manufac tures and Territories. Boreman, Jacob E.; was born in Middletown, Tyler county, West Virginia, August 4, 1831 ; gradu ated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1853; studied law at the University of Virginia; came to the bar in 1855 and practiced at Parkersburg; in 1858 removed to Kansas City, Missouri; was elected City Attorney in 1861 ; assisted in raising troops for the war; in 1862 was appointed a Judge of Common Pleas, and elected to the same by the people; ran for the Legislature in 1868 and was defeated; ran again in 1869 and was elected; subsequently purchased an interest in the Kansas City Bulletin and became its editor; in 1873 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Borie, Adolph E.; was born in Philadelphia, in 1809; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, in 1825, and completed his education in France. On his return to this country, embarked in mercantile pursuits, and was for many years a member of the firm of McKean, Borie & Co., engaged in the East India trade. Though not an active politician, he was one of the originators, and moneyed supporters, of the Union League in Philadelphia, and was elected Vice-President of that body; on March 5, 1869, was appointed, by President Grant, to a seat in the Cabi net as Secretary of the Navy; resigned June 22, 1869. Borland, Charles, Jr.; was born in Orange County, New York; was a member of the New York 48 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Assembly in 1820 ; a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823; was again elected to the Assembly in 1836. Borland, Solon ; was born in Virginia; was edu cated in North Carolina; served in the war with Mexico as a volunteer; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was a Senator in Congress, from Arkansas, from 1848 to 1853; was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Central America; also received from President Pierce the appointment of Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, but declined; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Brigadier-General, and before the State had seceded raised troops and captured Fort Smith. Died in Texas, January 31, 1864. Borst, Peter I.; was a Representative in Congress from Schoharie County, New York, from 1829 to 1831, and was a member of the Committee on Expendi tures in the Post Office Department. Died at Mid- dleburg, New York, November 14, 1848. Boss, John L., Jr.; was a Representative in Con gress from Rhode Island from 1815 to 1819. Bossier, Peter E.; was descended from an old French family of Louisiana; after serving ten years in the State Senate, was elected a member of the Twenty-eighth Congress from that State. Died in Washington before the expiration of his term, April 24, 1844. Boteler, Alexander R.; was born in Shepherds- town, Jeft erson County, Virginia, May 16, 1815; after going through an academic course of studies in his native town, entered Princeton College; graduated in 1835; was chiefly devoted to rural and literary pur suits; in 1852 and 1856 w:is ou the Electoral tickets, Whig and American; in 1859 was elected a Repre sentative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; during a part of the Rebellion, served as a Representative in the so-called "Confederate" Congress; in 1875 was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Exhi bition. Botts, John M.; was born in Dumfries, Prince William County, Virginia, September 16, 1802; re moved, with his father, to Fredericksburg, and, sub sequently, to Richmond; in 1811 lost his parents at the conflagration of the Richmond Theatre, and was sent to a boarding-school; at the age of eighteen was admitted to the bar, practiced for six years, and then retired to a farm in Henrico County; served in the Legislature from 1833 to 1839, when he was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, and oc cupied that position until 1843; was also elected to the Thirtieth Congress, and was Chairman of the Com mittee on Military Atfairs; afterwards resumed the practice of his profession in Richmond, where he then resided; during the Rebellion remained faithful to the Government of the United States; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was one of those who gave bail for Jefferson Davis in 1867. Bouck, Gabriel ; was born at Fulton, New York, December 16, 1828 ; graduated at Union College in 1847; studied and practiced law; removed to Wis consin in 1848; was Attorney-General of the State in 1858 and 1859; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1860; entered the Union Army in 1861 and rose to the rank of Colonel; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1868 and 1872; was again a member of the Assembly in 1874, and was Speaker; was defeated as a candidate for the Forty-fourth Congress; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Bouck, Joseph; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Imprisonment for Debt. Bouck, William O.; was born in Schoharie County, New York, in 1786; was early elected to town offices; was appointed Sheriff of the county in 1812; was a member of the State Assembly in 1813, 1815, and 1817; State Senator in 1820; Canal Com missioner from 1821 to 1840; Governor of the State from 1843 to 1845; in 1846 was a member of the Con stitutional Convention; from 1846 to 1849 was Assisfr- ant Treasurer of the United States in New York City; the last ten years of his life were devoted to agricul ture. Died at Schoharie, April 19, 1859. Boude, Thomas ; w r as a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1803. Boudinot, Elias ; was born in Philadelphia, May 2, 1740; studied law, and became eminent in that profession; at an early period of the Revolutionary War was appointed, by Congress, Commissary Gen eral of Prisoners; in the year 1777 was chosen a mem ber of Congress, and in 1782 was made President of that body; after the adoption of the Constitution en tered the House of Representatives from Pennsyl vania, where he continued from 1790 to 1795; then succeeded Rittenhouse as Director of the Mint of the United States, an office which he resigned in the course of a few years; from that time lived at Bur lington, New Jersey; devoted himself earnestly to biblical literature, and being possessed of an ample fortune, made munificent donations to various char itable and theological institutions; the American Bible Society, of which he became President, was particularly an object of his bounty; he published several books, and was devoted to Natural History. Died at Burlington, New Jersey, October 24, 1821. Bouldin, James "W.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1833 to 1839, having been elected to the Twenty- third Congress in place of his brother, T. T. Bouldin, deceased. Bouldin, Thomas T.; was born in Virginia; spent his youth in farming; adopted the profession of the law, and reached a high judicial position: was a member of Congress from Virginia from 1829 to 1833; died in the Capitol at Washington, February 11, 1834; he had been re-elected to the Twenty- third Congress, but died soon after entering upo:i his third term. On the day preceding his death he was censured, by a colleague, for omitting to call the atten tion of the House to the death of his predecessor, John Randolph, and had risen to reply when he was seized with paralysis, sank into a chair, and died inmediately. Before entering Congress he had been i lawyer of high rank, and an able and upright Judge, highly respected for his talents and integrity. Bouligney, Dominique ; was born in Louisiana; was a lawyer by profession; was a Senator in Con gress from that State from 1824 to 1829, and died in 1833. Bouligney , John Edmund ; was born in New Orleans, February 5, 1824; was of Creole descent; re- jeived a good education; held several offices of trust n his native city, and was elected a Representative rom Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress; of the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 49 representatives of twelve millions of people, he was the only one who refused to abandon his State to the leaders of the secession movement, and continued in Congress until the close of his term. Died in Wash ington, of consumption, February 20, 1864. Domin ique Bouligney, formerly a Senator from Louisiana, was his uncle. Boulware, William ; was a citizen of Virginia; in 1841 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the Two Sicilies, where he remained until 1845. Bound, Franklin; was born at Milton, North umberland County, Pennsylvania, in 1829; was edu cated in the common schools and at Milton Academy; taught school for a time; studied law at the Easton, Pennsylvania, Law School; was admitted to the bar at Easton, in 1853, and engaged in the practice of law in his native town, where he continued to reside; was elected a State Senator in 1860, and served three years, declining a renomination; was a Delegate to the Kepublican Gubernatorial Convention of the State in 1864; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1868 ; in 1884 was elected a Represent ative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -ninth Congress. Bourne, Augustus O.; was born at Providence, Rhode Island, October 1, 1834; received his prepar- 1 atory education in the public schools; graduated at Brown University in 1855; engaged in the manufac ture of India-rubber goods at Providence; in 1867 founded the National Rubber Company, of Bristol, Rhode Island, of which he became the executive head; in 1873 removed to Bristol; in 1876 was elected State Senator, and was annually re-elected, without opposition, until 1883, when he was elected Governor of Rhode Island; was, for many years, connected with the State Militia, serving in every capacity from private to Lieutenant-Colonel. Bourne, Benjamin; was a native of Bristol, Rhode Island, and was born about the year 1755; was educated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1775; was conspicuous for talents and learning, and spent a large part of his life in public and honorable employments; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 1796, when he resigned, and was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Rhode Island. Died September 17, 1808. Bourne, Shearjasub ; was a graduate of Harv ard College in 1764; was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, Massachusetts; was a Representative in Congress from 1791 to 1795. Died in 1806. Boutelle, Charles A. ; was born at Damaris- cotta, Maine, February 9, 1839; removed to Bruns wick, Maine, in 1848; received an academic education; entered the merchant marine service and rose to the command of a vessel; in 1862 entered the United Ktates Navy as Acting Master; in 1864 was promoted Acting Lieutenant for gallant conduct in the action with the rebel ram Albemarle;" commanded the United States steamer Nyanza, assisting in the capture of Mobile, Alabama; at the close of the war was in command of the United States naval forces in Mississippi Sound; resigned in 1866, and engaged in business in New York City; in 1870 returned to Maine ind became editor of the Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig and Courier, of which, in 1874, he became the principal owner; in 1875 became a member of the Republican State Committee, and continued in that position; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention of 1876; was a candidate for Congress in 1880, and greatly reduced the opposition majority, but failed of election; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Boutwell, G-eorge S.; was born in Brookline, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, January 28, 1818; when a boy had some experience in farming; was in! the mercantile business, as apprentice, clerk, and proprietor, for twenty years; studied law, and came to the bar somewhat late in life; served seven years in the Massachusetts Legislature, between the years 1642 and 1850 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853, and also of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank Commissioner in 1849 and 1850; was Governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and 1852; Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education for five years ; member for six yeara of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College; was the first Commissioner of Internal Revenue, from July, 1862, to March, 1863; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- ( eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Reconstruction, on a Bureau of Education and Free Schools in the District of Columbia; was a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866: re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Committees. A volume of his "Speeches and Papers" was pub lished in 1867; in 1868 was one of the Managers of the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson ; in March, 1869, became Secretary of the Treasury, where he re mained until March, 1873, when he entered the United States Senate, for the term ending in 1877. Bovee, Matthias J.; was born in New York, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Committee on Ex penditures in the War Department. Bowden, Lemuel J.; was born in the North Neck of Virginia, in 1812; graduated at William and Mary College, was a lawyer by profession; served three sessions in the Virginia Legislature; was a member of the Convention for amending the State Constitution, in 1849; also of the Convention for the same purpose in 1851; was a Presidential Elector in 1861; suffered much in his estate, from the rebel armies, during the early part of the Rebellion; while the Union troops were at Williamsburg, he did much for the comfort of the officers and men; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress from Virginia, and served on the Committees on Pensions and Post Offices and Post Roads. Died in Washington City, January 2, 1864. Bowdoin, James ; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, August 8, 1727; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1745; in 1753 was a member of the General Court; in 1756 was State Senator and Councilor; in 1769 was removed by the Governor from the position of Councilor, for his opposition to the Royal Govern ment, and was at once elected Representative; was chosen Delegate to the Continental Congress, in 1774, but was prevented by illness from attending; in 1778 was President of the Convention for forming a Con stitution, and in 1785 and 1786 was Governor of Massachusetts; in 1788 was a member of the Conven tion which adopted the Federal Constitution; while Governor, he suppressed the "Shays Rebellion;" was one of the founders of and first President of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, from 1780 till his death, and bequeathed to it his valuable library ; aided in founding the Massachusetts Humane So ciety, and was a benefactor of Harvard College; con tributed to the Pittas et Gratulatis, on the accession of George III. ; was the author of a volume of poems, 50 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. published in Boston in 1759: in 1785 was made LL.D. by the University of Edinburgh. Died in Boston, November 6, 1790. BDwdon, Franklin W.; was born in Alabama; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1846 to 1851; in 1852 removed to Texas, and engaged in the practice of the law. Died at Henderson, Texas, June 6, 1857. Bowen, Christopher Columbus ; was born in Khode Island, January 3, 1832; removed to Georgia in 1-850, and adopted the profession of the law; set tled in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1862; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from South Caro lina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Freedmen s Affairs; re-elected to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Freed- Dien s Affairs and Invalid Pensions; was subsequently elected Sheriff of the city of Charleston, South Caro lina. Bowen, Henry ; was born at Maiden Spring, Tazewell County, Virginia, December 26, 1841 ; was educated at Emory and Henry College, Virginia; en tered the Confederate Army at the outbreak of the Civil War; was promoted to a Captaincy; was taken .prisoner in 1864 and confined in Fort Delaware until the close of the war; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1869, and re-elected in 1871 ; was elected a representative from Virginia to the Forty-eighth Congress. Bowen, John H.; was a Eepresentative in Con gress, from Tennessee, from 1813 to 1815. Bowen, Rees T.; was born in Tazewell County, Virginia, January 10, 1809; received an academic education; was a farmer and grazier; w r asa Represent- ative in the Legislature of Virginia in 1863 and 1864; a magistrate for several years prior to the war; and the Presiding Justice of the County Court a portion of the time; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Bowen, Thomas M.; was born near Burling ton. Iowa, in October, 1835; received an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at the age of eighteen ; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1856, at the age of twenty -one; removed to Kansas in 1858 and took the free State side of the great issue then pending in that territory in 1861 entered the Union Army as Captain; in 1862 was promoted to a Colonelcy; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General at the close of the war settled in Arkansas; was Pres ident of the Constitutional Convention of 1867 anc 1868; served four years as a Justice of the State Su preme Court; resigned to accept the appointment ot Governor of Idaho Territory in 1871; resigned the .Governorship and returned to Arkansas, where he (was defeated for United States Senator; removed to Colorado, where he served for four years as Judge o the Leadville District; was elected a United States Senator from Colarado for six years, from March 4 1883. Bower, G-ustavusB.; was born in Virginia; wa, a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. Bowers, John M.; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1813 to 1814. Bowie, Oden ; was born in Prince George Coun ty, Maryland, November 10, 1826; educated at St Mary s College, Baltimore; his occupation was tha f a farmer; was a Captain in the Mexican War; requently served in the Assembly and Senate of the itate; Avas Governor of Maryland from 1867 to 1871; resident of the Baltimore and Potomac Railway Company from the time of its construction; was also resident of the Baltimore City Passenger Railway Company. Bowie, Richard I.; was born in Georgetown, District of Columbia, June 23, 1807; received a clas- ical education; was admitted to the bar in his nine- eenth year, and, subsequently to practice in the Su preme Court of the United States ; in 1836 and 1837 was elected to the Legislature of Maryland; in 1840 vas a Delegate to the Harrisburg Convention, called to nominate a President; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853. It is claimed by his Yiends that he made the first speech in the House of /Jepresentatives on the Compromise measures of 1850. Bowie, Robert ; was a native of Maryland and a man of education ; was Captain in the Second Bat talion of the Maryland Flying Artillery in 1776; was Governor of Maryland from 1803 to 1805, and from 1811 to 1812. Died in Maryland. Bowie, Thomas F.; was born at Queen Anne. Prince George County, Maryland, April 7, 1808; grad uated at Union College, New York, in 1837; adopted the profession of the law; served as Deputy Attor ney-General for Prince George County sixteen years; served three terms in the Legislature of Maryland ; was elected a Representative from Maryland in the Thirty -fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses; was a member of the Committee on the District of Colum bia. Died at Marlborough, Maryland, October 30, 1869. Bowie, "Walter; was born in Maryland; was a member of the Maryland Convention of 1776; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1802 to 1805. Bowler, Metcalf ; was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Colonial Congress of 1765, held in New York. Bowlin, James B.; was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 1804; was reared a mechanic; obtained a common school education; after studying law, was admitted to the bar, in Greenbrier County, in 1827; in 1833 was removed to St. Louis, Missouri; in 1834 was appointed Chief Clerk of the State House of Representatives, and in 1835 was elected a mem ber of the Legislature; in 1837 was made District ^Attorney for St. Louis; soon after Attorney for the Bank of St. Louis; in 1839 was elected Judge of the Criminal Court; was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1851; in 1854 was appointed Minister Resident to New Gran ada; in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner to Paraguay. Bowman, George "W.; was elected Govern ment Printer for the United States Senate in 1860. Bowman, Selwyn Zadock; was born at Charles- town, Massachusetts, May 11, 1840; graduated at Harvard College in 1860; studied law, and engaged in its practice; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1870, 1871, and 1875; was City Solicitor of Somerville, Massachusetts, in 1872 and 1873; was a State Senator in 1876 and 1877; wa elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty -sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses; during his Congressional service he secured the passage of a law, known as " The Bowman Act," under the oper- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 51 ation of which Congress, and the Executive Depart ments, have been relieved of a large amount of labor in the investigation of certain classes of claims. Bowne, Obadiah , was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Bowne, Samuel S.; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1834; a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843; in 1857 was Judge of Otsego County; held various other positions of trust and honor, among them that of Deputy Collec tor of the port of New York City. Died in Otsego County, July 15, 1865, aged seventy years. Boyce, William W.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina. October 24, 1819; was educated at the South Carolina College and Virginia University; adopted the profession of the law ; was a member of the Legislature of South Carolina in 1842; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1853 to December, I860, when he resigned; took part in the Rebellion as a member of the "Confederate" Congress; when re- elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress he served as a member of the Committee on Elections, and at the time of his leaving Congress was a member of the Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; subsequently settled in Washington City, in the prac tice of his profession. Boyd, Adam ; was an active supporter of the Revolution, and a man of strong natural ability; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1808 to 1813. Died in Hackensack, New Jersey, at an advanced age. Boyd, Alexander ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1813 to 1815. Boyd, John H. ; was born in New York; in 1840 was a member of the State Assembly from Washing ton County; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to- 1853. Died at Whitehall, New York, July 2, 1868. Boyd, Linn ; was born in Nashville, Tennessee, November 22, 1800; his early advantages were lim ited, but on arriving at man s estate he removed to Kentucky, entered politics, and in 1827 was elected to the Legislatureof that State, from Galloway County, serving three sessions; in 1831 was re-elected for another session from Trigg County ; was a Represent ative in Congress from Kentucky from 1835 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1855; was Chairman of the Commit tee on Territories during the Thirty-first Congress, and during the Thirty -second and Thirty-third Con gresses occupied the chair as Speaker of the House of Representatives; also served one term as Lieutenant- Governor of Kentucky ; during his career in Congress he labored faithfully and constantly for his constitu ents, and retired to private life with a high reputa tion. Died in Paducah, Kentucky, December 16, 1859. Boyd, Sempronius H.; was born in William son County, Tennessee, May 28, 1828; received good English education; adopted the profession of the law; in 1861 raised a regiment for the war, and became its commander; in 1862 was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business; subsequently resumed the practice of his profession ; re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Boyd, Thomas A.; was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1830; received a classical education, graduating at Marshall College, Penn sylvania, in 1848; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced to practice at Bedford, Pennsyl vania; removed to Illinois m 1856; entered the Union Army in 1861, and was commissioned Cap tain; was elected a State Senator in 1866, .and re- elected in 1870; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Boyden, Nathaniel; was born in Franklin Township, Massachusetts, August 16, 1796; gradu ated at Union College, New York, in 1820; in 1821 removed to North Carolina; there taught school; studied law; was elected a number of times to the State Legislature; was in Congress as a Representa tive from North Carolina from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department; declined a re-election for the purpose of devoting his whole attention to the practice of his profession ; in 1868 was elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ventilation and Laws. Boyer, Benjamin M.; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, January 22, 1823; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841; studied law and adopted that profession ; was District Attor ney for his native county from 1848 to 1850; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, the Militia, the War Debts of Loyal States, and the New Orleans Riots; re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Military Affairs; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. Boyle, Charles E. ; was born at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, February 4, 1836; was educated in the public schools and at Waynesburg College, Pennsyl vania; was editor of the Genius of Liberty newspaper from 1856 to 1861 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; engaged in practice at Uniontown, was elected District Attorney for Fayette County, in 1862, and served three years; was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1865, and re- elected in 1866; was an unsuccessful candidate for Auditor-General in 1868; was, for several years, one of the State Managers of the Western Hospital, at Pittsburgh; was elected a Representative from Penn sylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re- elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Boyle, John; was born in Kentucky; was liber ally educated ; was a lawyer by profession ; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, also Chief Justice of the State, was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1809, when he was appointed Governor of Illinois Territory; was a dis tinguished and successful lawyer and able Judge; died in Kentucky, January 28, 1834; during the eight years immediately preceding his death was Judge of the United States District Court for Ken tucky, having been appointed by President Adams. Boyle, John "W.; was born in Pennsylvania; re moved to Dakota, where he was appointed an As sistant Justice of the United States Court for that Territory, residing at Yankton. Brabson, Reese B.; was born in Tennessee; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. Died in Tennessee, in September, 1863. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Brace, Jonathan ; was born in Harrington, Con necticut, November 12, 1754; was a graduate of Yale College in 1779; was elected a Judge of Probate, Chief Judge of the Hartford County Court; was a Representative in Congress from 1798 to 1800; was also frequently in the State Legislature, at one time State Attorney for Hartford County, and for nine years Mayor of Hartford. Died at Hartford, August 26, 1837. Brackenridge, Henry M.; was born in Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1786; was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty, and began to practice in Somerset, Maryland; descended the Mississippi River in 1811; received the appointment of Deputy Attor ney-General for the Territory of Orleans; was made District Judge at the age of twenty-three; during the War of 1812 furnished important information to the Government; afterwards wrote a History of the War, which was translated into French and Italian ; advo cated the independence of the South American Re publics; wrote a pamphlet addressed to President Monroe, which was re-published in England and France, and was replied to by the Spanish Minister, as it was supposed to express the views of the Ameri can Government; was a Commissioner to the South American Republics from 1817 to 1819, and published "Voyage to South America" on his return; in 1821 went to Florida with General Jackson, and was made Alcalde of Pensacola; was then appointed Judge of the Western District, which office he held ten years; removed to Pittsburgh in 1833, and, in 1841, was a Commissioner under the treaty with Mexico; in 1834 published "Recollections of Persons and Places in the West;" in 1847 a series of letters in favor of the Mexican War; and, in 1859, a " History of the West ern Insurrection ; was also the author of a " Jour nal of a Voyage up the Missouri River. Died in Pittsburgh, January 18, 1871. Bradbury, George ; was born in Portland, then called Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1770; graduated at Harvard College in 1789. and immediately com menced the study of law ; established himself in the practice at Portland, now in Maine. From 1806 to 1810 was a member of the State Legislature, and also in 1811 and 1812; in 1812 was chosen to represent the Cumberland District, Massachusetts, in Congress, ps successor to William Widgery, whose vote on and support of war measures rendered him unpopular jwith his constituents. Mr. Bradbury received the approbation of a second election in 1814. After this service returned to his profession, which he pursued to the time of his death; was Associate Clerk of a Court in Portland from 1817 to 1820; a State Senator in 1822. Died at Portland, November 7, 1823. 1 Bradbury, James W.; was born in Maine, in 1805; graduated at Bo wdoin College in 1825; adopted the profession of the law; was a County Attorney from 1834 to 1838; a Presidential Elector in 1844; was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1847 to 1853, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Bradbury, Theophilus ; was born in that por tion of Newbury, now Newburyport, in 1739; gradu ated at Harvard University at the age of eighteen ; studied law, and practiced in Falmouth, Maine, until 1779, when he returned to his native town; after filling several local offices, was chosen to represent the Essex District in Congress from 1795 to 1797, when he resigned; was a Presidential Elector in 1801, about six years before his death, which occurred September 6, 1803, he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Bradford, Allen A.; was born in Friendship,. Lincoln County, Maine, July 23, 1815; passed hi* boyhood on a farm ; received a common school and academic education ; emigrated to Missouri in 1841, where he studied law, and carne to the bar in 1843; in 1845 was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Atch- ison County, which office he held for five years;; in 1851 removed to Iowa; in 1852 was appointed Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of that State, which office he resigned in 1855; during the latter year removed to the Territory of Nebraska; was a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory in 1856, 1857, and 1858; in 1860 settled in Colorado;; in 1862 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of that Territory, which position he held until elected a Delegate i rom Colorado to the Thirty-ninth Con gress; was a member of the National Committee ap pointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois; re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, Bradford, Augustus "W. ; was born in Mary land; in 1862 was elected Governor of that State, serving as such until 1866. Bradford, Edward Gr.; was born in Maryland; adopted the profession of the law; settled at Wil mington, Delaware; in 1871 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Delaware. Bradford, Taul ; was born at Mardisville, Talla- dega County, Alabama, January 20, 1835; attended school there, and in DeKalb County; entered the University of Alabama at the age of sixteen, and grad uated at the age of nineteen; practiced law from the age of twenty, excepting during the Civil War, when he served in the Confederate Army; in 1871 was elected to the Alabama Legislature, and served two- sessions; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress. Bradford, William ; was born at Plympton, Massachusetts, November 4, 1729; studied medicine, and established himself in the practice at Warren, Rhode Island; after wards removed to Bristol; turned his attention to the law, and became one of the most distinguished civilians of that State; took an active part in the cause of his country during the Revolu tion, and afterwards held many important stations; was Lieutenant-Go vernor of the State; was a member of the United States Senate from Rhode Island, from. 1793 to 1797, when he resigned; was President pro tern, of the Senate during a part of the Fifth Congress. Died July 6, 1808. Bradford, William ; was born in Philadelphia, September 14, 1755; graduated at Princeton in 1772, with high honors; was engaged in the study of law at the outbreak of the Revolution ; entered the army as Major of Brigade to General Roberdeau; next commanded a company of regular troops under Col onel Hampton; was then appointed Deputy Muster- Master-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, which office ill-health compelled him to resign after serving two years; returned to the study of law, and in 1779 was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; in August, 1790, was appointed Attorney-General of the State; in 1791 was commis sioned as Judge of the Supreme Court, which office he held until 1794, when he was appointed Attorney- General of the United States; in 1793 published an " Inquiry how far the Punishment of Death is Necessary in Pennsylvania," with notes and illustra tions; in the earlier periods of his life, some of his poetical productions were published in the I hita- delphia Magazine. Died August . v> >. 1795. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNA L S , 53 Bradley, Abraham, Jr.; was born in Connecti cut: was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General in 1817, holding the office about one year. Bradley, Edward, was born in East Bloornfield, Ontario County, New York, in April, 1808; passed his boyhood on a farm; when twenty-eight years of age was appointed Associate Judge of the Common Pleas of his native county; in 1839 removed to Michigan and engaged in the practice of law; in 1842 was elected to the Senate of Michigan; was a Rep resentative from that State to the Thirtieth Congress. Died in New York City, August 5, 1847, while on a tour for the benefit of his health. Bradley, James; was a resident of Indiana; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska. Bradley, Joseph P.; was born in Berne, Albany County, New York, March 14, 1813; at the age of sixteen taught school; graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1836; taught an academy at Mill stone ; studied law, and came to the bar of that State in 1839; practiced the profession at Newark from the lime of his admission until his appointment as As sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, March 21, 1870; never took much part in politics; was, however, a Presidential Elector in 1868; was formerly a Whig, -but became a moderate Repub lican; although he was never identified with the anti-slavery movement, zealously supported the Gov ernment during the Rebellion. His grandfather served as an officer in the Revolutionary War, and his father in the War of 1812. Bradley, Lewis B.; was born in Osage County. Virginia, February 18, 1805; received a good com mon-school education; emigrated to Missouri in 1845, and settled in Howard County; in 1852 removed to California and settled in San Francisco; in 1860 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1866 removed to Nevada; in 1870 was elected Governor of that State, and re-elected in 1874 by a greatly increased majority. Bradley, Nathan B.; was born in Lee, Berk shire County, Massachusetts, May 28, 1831; removed to Lorain County, Ohio, in 1835, and settled on a farm; apprenticed himself to learn the trade of a clothier, and served the term of three years; at the age of nineteen went to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and spent a year in the employ of lumber manufacturers; returned to Ohio, then went back to Michigan to en gage in his vocation of manufacturing lumber; was elected a Justice of the Peace three terms; a Super visor one term ; an Alderman three terms; was the first Mayor of Bay City, declining a re-nomination: "was a candidate for the Lower House of the Legis lature; elected to the State Senate in 1866, but declined a re-nomination; was elected to the Forty- third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Bradley, Phineas; was born in Connecticut; in 1818 was appointed an Assistant Postmaster-Gen eral. Bradley, Stephen Roe ; was born in Walling- ibrd, Connecticut, February 20, 1754; graduated at Yale College in 1775; was a lawyer by profession; was a General of Militia, the intimate friend of Gen eral Ethan Allen, and the Aid of General Wooster, whe;i that officer fell in a skirmish with the enemy; was the first Senator from Vermont in the Congress of the United States, serving from 1791 to 1795, and from 1801 to 1813; a man of eminent ability, but of eccentric habits. During a part of the Seventh and Tenth Congresses officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate. Died in New Hampshire, December 9, 1830. Bradley, William O.; was born at Westmin ster, Vermont, March 23, 1782; entered Yale Col lege; was compelled to leave when a freshman, in 1796, and yet, in 1817, the Corporation of the Insti tution surprised him with the degree of M. A. ; stud ied law with his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and was admitted to the bar in 1802. The public positions held by him are as follows: from 1800 to 1803, Sec retary of Commissioners of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 to 1811, State s-Attorney for Wiudham County, and part of this period Clerk of Westminster; in 1806 and 1807, Representative in the State Legislature; in 1812, member of the State Council; a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815; from 1817 to 1822, agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent; again in Congress from 1823 to 1827; in 1850 again in the State Legislature; in 1856. a Presidential Elec tor; in 1857 a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1858 took formal leave of the bar, at which he had practiced for fifty-four years, conferring honor upon his native State and bearing a spotless reputation as a man. Died at Westminster, Ver mont, March 3, 1867. Bradshaw, Samuel O.; was born in Plumstead Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1809; received a common school education; studied medicine, and graduated at the Pennsylvania Medi cine College in 1833; was a Representative from his native State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Brady, James D.; was born at Portsmouth, Vir ginia, April 3, 1843; was educated in the common schools and in private schools; in 1855, at the age of twelve years, was left an orphan, and in 1858 secured a clerkship in New York City, which he retained un til April, 1861, when he resigned to enlist in the Union Army; served throughout the Civil War, ris ing, through all the intermediate grades, to the rank of Colonel, which, at the age of twenty-two, he held when mustered out of service at the close of the war, in 1865; probably the youngest officer of that rank in the service; three years of his service were passed in the Adjutant-General s, Judge- Advocate s, and In spector-General s Departments of the Army; after leaving the Army he settled at Petersburg, Virginia, in the wholesale and retail grocery business; in 1866 sold out his business and was appointed Naval Store keeper at the Gosport Navy Yard; was, for a time, Chief Accountant at that Navy Yard; in 1870 was elected Clerk of the Courts at Portsmouth, Virginia, serving until 1876; was then appointed a Special Inspector of Customs; in 1877 was appointed United State s Collector of Internal Revenue for the Second Virginia District; was tendered the position of Clerk of the Court of Appeals of the State, but declined; in 1880 and 1884 was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions; has been a prominent member of all State Republican Conventions in Virginia since the close of the war; was, for five years, Secretary, and four years Chairman of the State Republican Committee; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-ninth Congress, and re signed the Collectorship. Brady, Jasper E.; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1849; subsequently settled in the practice of the law at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and afterwards in Washington City, was long a clerk in one of the Government departments. Died in Wash ington, January 23, 1870. 54 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Brady, Thomas J.J was born at Mtincie, In diana, February 12, 1839; received a common school education; taught school for several years in Muncie and vicinity; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 18GO; entered the Union Army, in 1861, as Captain; was promoted Major in 1862, and to a Colonelcy in 1863; served throughout the .Civil War, an<J was mustered out of service with the last regi ment, in 1865, as Brevet Brigadier-General, "for long and meritorious service;" resumed the practice of law at Muncie, Indiana, and became the publisher of the Muncie Weekly Times; in 1870 was appointed United States Consul at St. Thomas, West Indies; in 1874 was made Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Indiana; in 1*75 was appointed Supervisor of Internal Revenue; in 1876 was ap pointed Second Assistant Postmaster General of the United States, and served until 1881, when he re signed. Bragg 1 , Edward S.J was born at Unadilla, New York, February 20, 1827; received a collegiate edu cation; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848; removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and com menced the practice of law in 1850; was elected Dis trict Attorney in 1854; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention at Charleston in 1860; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General; was appointed Postmaster of Fond du Lac in 1866; was a State Sen ator in 1868 and 1869; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention of 1872; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; was also elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Bragg, John; was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1851 to 1853. Bragg, Thomas ; was born in Warrenton, War ren County, North Carolina, November 9, 1810; was chiefly educated at the Military Academy at Middle- town, Connecticut; studied law, and commenced practice in 1831 ; in 1842 was elected to the Assembly of his State; in 1853 was a Presidential Elector; was Governor of North Carolina for two terms, from 1855 to 1859 ; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Claims; was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861, having previously taken part in the Rebellion as Attorney General of the so-called Confederate States. Died in Raleigh, January 21, 1872. Brainerd, Lawrence ; was a Senator in Con gress from Vermont, during the session of 1854 and 1855, for the unexpired term of William Upham, de ceased ; was for many years a leading business man in the town of St. Albans. Brainerd, Samuel M.; was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1842; received an aca demic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1869, and settled at Erie, Pennsylvania, in the practice of his profession; was elected District Attor ney of Erie County in 1872 and served three years; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress. Bramlette, Thomas E. ; was born in Cumber land County, Kentucky, January 3, 1817; was ad mitted to the bar in 1837; was a member of the Legis lature in 1841; was appointed Attorney for the Com monwealth in 1848; resigned this position in two years, and resumed the practice of law; in 1856 was elected Judge of the Sixth Judicial District; in 1861 resigned this office to enter the Federal Army as Colonel of the Third Kentucky Infantry; was ap pointed United States District Attorney, and resigned to accept the nomination for Governor; was elected, in 1863, for four years; afterwards removed to Louis ville, and was one of the most successful lawyers in that city. Branch, John ; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, November 4, 1782; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1801 ; studied and practiced law; in 1811 was elected a State Senator; re-elected every year until 1817; was then elected Governor of the State; again entered the State Sen ate in 1822; served in the United States Senate from 1823 to 1829; was in the latter year appointed Secre tary of the Navy, by President Jackson. On his re turn home from Washington, in 1831, was elected to a seat in Congress as Representative from North Car olina; in 1834 was again elected to the State Senate; in 1835 was elected a member of the Convention to re vise the State Constitution; in 1843 was appointed Governor of the Territory of Florida; after which service he .retired to private life, to enjoy in peace the love and respect of his many friends. Died at En- field, North Carolina, January 4, 1863. Branch, Lawrence O Brien; was born in North Carolina in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1838 ; was a lawyer by profession; was elected a Rep resentative from North Carolina to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thir ty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Com mittees on Territories and on Foreign Affairs: took part in the Great Rebellion as a General, and was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg, September 17 r 1862. Brandebury, L. GK; was born in Pennsylvania; was appointed from that State Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah, re siding in Salt Lake City. Brandegee, Augustus ; was born in New Lon don, Connecticut, July 15, 1828; graduated at Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in 1851 ; adopted the profession of the law; was elected in 1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861, a member of the Connecticut Legislature; was chosen Speaker in the latter year; in 1861 was a Presidential Elector; was elected a Rep resentative from Connecticut to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on Public Buildings, and also as Chairman of a Special Committee on the Air-line Railroad from Wash ngton to New York; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolutionary Pen sions, and the Postal Railroad to New York; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Brandon, George C.; was Governor of Missis sippi from 1827 to 1831. Bratton, John; was born at Winnsboro , Fair- field County, South Carolina, March 7, 1831; received an academic education at Mount Zion Institute, Winnsboro ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1850; studied medicine and took a medical diploma at the South Carolina Medical College at Charleston, in 1853; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861; served throughout the war, attaining the rank of Brigadier-General; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention in 1865; was a member of the State Senate in 1866; was Chairman of the South Car olina delegation to the Democratic National Conven tion in 1876, and a member of the Democratic State BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 55 Committee the same year; was a Delegate from South j Carolina to the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati in 1880, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee that year; in 1881 was elected, by the Legislature, Comptroller-General of the State of South Carolina, to fill a vacancy; in November, 1884, was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress, to nil the unexpired term of Hon. John H. Evins, deceased. Braxton, Carter ; was born on the Mattapony River, Virginia, September 10, 1736; graduated at the College of William and Mary; inheriting a large fortune, spent three years in England; in 17(>0 was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he was conspicuous; was Sheriff of King and Queen County for a time; on the commencement of the war was a member of the Committee of Safety; was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence; after that service, frequently served in the Virginia Legis lature; having lost his large property by the war, was subsequently greatly perplexed in his financial circumstances. Died at Richmond, Virginia, of par alysis, October 10, 1797. Braxton, Elliott M.; was born in Matthews County, Virginia, October 8, 1823; received a com mon school education; adopted the profession of the law; was elected to the State Senate in 1851, and re- elected in 1853; was elected to the Common Council of Fredericksburg in 1866; was elected a Representa tive from Virginia to the Forty -second Congress. Brayman, Mason ; was Governor of the Terri tory of Idaho from 1876 to 1880. Brayton, "William D. ; was born in Warwick, Kent County, Rhode Island, November 6, 1815; was educated at Brown University; ill-health preventing I him from following a sedentary profession, entered j into active mercantile pursuits; held the position, for some time, of Town Clerk; in 1841 was elected to the State Assembly, serving two terms; after serv ing for two years in the Town Councils, part of the time as President, was, in 1848, elected to the State Senate; again elected to the State Assembly in 1851; in 1855 was, a second time, elected State Senator; was Presidential Elector in 1856; was elected a member from Rhode Island to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty- sixth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Pat ents, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures on the Public Buildings; in 1864 was Collector of Internal Revenue in Warwick, Rhode Island. Brearly, David ; was Lieutenant-Colonel in the Revolutionary Army and a brave officer; was a mem ber of the State and Federal Constitutional Conven tions of New Jersey; Chief Justice in that State for nine years; in 1789 was appointed United States Judge for the District of New Jersey. Died in Trenton, New Jersey, August 16, 1790, aged forty- four. Breatnitt, John ; was born near New London, Virginia, September 9, 1786; removed, with his father, to Logan County, Kentucky, in 1800; was a surveyor and school teacher; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1810; was several years in the Legislature; was Lieu tenant-Governor from 1828 to 1832; was Governor of Kentucky from 1832 to 1834, and was a warm supporter of Jackson for the Presi dency. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, February 21, 1834. Breck, Daniel ; was born near Boston, Massachu setts, in 1788; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812; studied law; removed to Kentucky in 1814; soon after commenced the practice of his profession there; his first public position in Kentucky was that of Judge of a County Court; in 1824 was elected to the State Legislature; was re-elected for five years; from 1835 until 1840 was President of the Branch Bank of Kentucky at Richmond; in 1840 was a Pres idential Elector; in 1843 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures; the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Transylvania University in 1843, and he attained the title of Colonel in the Militia service; after leaving Congress resumed the office of Bank President. Breck, Samuel ; was born in Boston, July 17, 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1823 to 1825. Died in Philadelphia, September 1, 1862. Breckenridge, Clifton R.; was born at Lexing ton, Kentucky, November 22, 1846; received instruc tion at private schools until nearly sixteen years of age, when he entered the Confederate service; at the close of the Civil War engaged in business for two years, and then entered Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), where he remained three years, at the end of which time he was com pelled, by impaired eyesight, to relinquish his studies; engaged in cotton planting in Arkansas; also in the commission business at Pine Bluff, Arkansas; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty- eighth Congress ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Breckenridge, James; was born near Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia, March 7, 1763; gradu ated at William and Mary College in 1785; in 1781 was a soldier in Colonel Preston s Rifle Regiment under General Greene; was admitted to the bar in 1787, and became a successful lawyer; was a promi nent leader of the old Federal party in the General Assembly of the State; was a member of the United States Congress from 1809 to 1817; was one of the originators of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and with Mr. Jefferson, a founder of the University of Virginia. Died at Fincastle, August, 1846. Breckenridge, James D.; was born in Jeffer son County, Kentucky ; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1821 to 1823. Died at Louisville, in May, 1849. Breckenridge, John ; was a Virginian by birth; was the author and advocate of the celebrated Res olutions of 1798-99," in the Legislature of that State; emigrated to Kentucky; was elected United States Senator in 1801; was appointed Attorney -General of the United States, by President Jefferson, in Jan uary, 1805, holding that office until January, 1806. Died at Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 1806. Breckenridge, JohnC.; was born near Lexing ton, Kentucky, January 16, 1821; was educate;! at Centre College, Kentucky; spent a few months at Princeton College; studied law at the Transylvania Institute, and was admitted to the bar at Lexington; emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for a time, but returned to Lexington, where he con tinued to reside, and when not engaged in public duties practiced his profession with success; served as a Major of Infantry during the war with Mexico, and while in that country distinguished himself as the counsel of Major-General Pillow during the fa mous court-martial ; on his return from Mexico was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representa tive in Congress from the AshlanS District from 18ol 53 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. to 1855; President Tierce tendered him the mission to Spain, but family affairs compelled him to decline the honor; was elected Vice-President of the United States in 1856, on the ticket with James Buchanan, and entered upon the duties of his ofiice in March, 1857, as President of the United States Senate; in 1860 was nominated by the Southern Democratic party as their candidate for President, but was de feated; in 1861 went into the Senate as the sxccessor of Mr. Crittenden; was expelled from the Senate on December 4, 1861; took part in the Great Rebellion as a General. Died at Lexington, Kentucky, May 17, 1875, leaving behind him a spotless reputation. The compiler of this volume has special reasons for respecting his memory, because of his personal as sistance in preparing the Introduction to the First Edition of the Dictionary of Congress, in 1859, in which one of the Senator s most eloquent speeches was originally published. Breoksnridge, William Campbell Preston ; was born near Baltimore, Maryland, August 28, 1837; while his father was pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, of Baltimore, was prepared for College at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky; en tered Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky, in 1853; graduated therefrom in 1855; studied law; graduated from the Law Department of the University of Louis ville, Kentucky, in 1857, and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice at Lexington, Kentucky, in the same year; in 1862 entered the Confederate Army as Captain of Cavalry; rose to the rank of Colonel, and, at the time of the surrender, was in command of a Brigade of Kentucky Cavalry; was editor of the Lexington Observer and Reporter from 1866tol86S; County Attorney from 1856 to 1870; member of the City Council of Lexington from 1870 to 1879; Professor of Equity, Jurisprudence, and Pleadings in the Law Department of the Kentucky University in 1872; Presidential Elector in 1872; Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876 and 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-ninth Congress; received the degree of LL. D. from the Cumberland University and the Central University. Breese, Sidney ; was born in Whitesborough, Oneida County, New York, July 15, 1800; attended Hamilton College, but graduated at Union College; removed to Illinois; after due preparation, and be fore becoming of age, was admitted to the bar; his first public position was that of Captain of Militia, after which he became Assistant Secretary of State under Secretary Kane; was appointed Postmaster of Kaskaskia, Illinois; in 1822 was appointed State At torney, which office he held until 1827, when he was appointed United States District Attorney for Illi nois; in 1829, published a volume of Decisions of the supreme Court, which now bears his name, and was the first octavo volume published in the State; served in the Black Hawk war as a Lieutenant of Volun teers; in 1835 was elected a Circuit Judge; was a Senator in Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1849, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institute during President Polk s administration; in 1850 be came a member of the Illinois Legislature, and was elected Speaker; was one of the originators of the Illi- 2ois Central Railroad; in 1855 was again placed on the Circuit Court bench, and made Clfaf Judge; pub- Jished a work on Illinois in 1869. Breitung , Edward ; was born in the city of pchaekau, Germany, November 10, 1831 ; was edu cated at the College of Meiningen, at Meiningen, Germany; emigrated to the United States, and set tled in Michigan; engaged in business at Negaunee, in that State, as a capitalist and land speculator, and in iron mining; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature for the term of two years; re signed in 1873; was State Senator in 1877 and 1878; was elected Mayor of Negaunee in 1878, 1880, and 1882; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress. Breng-le, Francis; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Died December 10, 1846. Brent, Richard ; was born in Virginia ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803; was a Senator in Congress from 1809 to 1814. Died December 30, 1814. Brent, Thomas I/. L.; was a citizen of Virginia; was Secretary of Legation to Portugal in 1822; was appointed Charge d Affaires in 1825, remaining in that capacity until 1834. Brent, "William, Jr.; was a citizen of Virginia; went to Buenos Ayres in 1844 as Charge d Affaires, and remained there until 1846. Brent, "William L.; was born in Charles County, Maryland; was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829. Died in July, 1848. Brentano, Lorenzo ; was born in Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, November 4, 1813; received a classical education ; graduated in the law at the Universities of Heidelberg and Frieberg; en tered upon the practice, and soon attained promi nence; was elected to the Chamber of Deputies; in 1848 was elected to the Frankfort Parliament, and when, the following year, the Grand Duke of Baden fled from the Revolutionists, became President of the Provisional Republican Government; after the defeat of the Revolutionary forces he fled to the United States, and settled in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, as a farmer; in 1859 removed to Chicago, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar, but turned his atten tion to the press; was a member of the Assembly in 1862; was President of the Chicago Board of Educa tion for five years; a Presidential Elector in 18l>8; was appointed United States Consul at Dresden in 1872, serving until 1876; was elected a Representa tive from Illinois to the Forty-fifth Congress. Brenton, Samuel; was a native of Gal latin County, Kentucky; was a Minister of the Gospel from the age of twenty until 1848, when, stricken by paralysis, he resigned; was appointed Register of the Fort Wayne, Indiana, Land Office; was elected to Congress from Indiana in 1851, and again in 1855; was also President of the Fort Wayne College. Died March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight years. Brents, Thomas H.; was born in Pike County, Illinois, December 24, 1840; removed to Oregon; received a collegiate education; adopted the profes sion of the law; was a Justice of the Peace; was ap pointed Postmaster at Canyon City, Oregon; was County Clerk of Grant County; served as a member of the State House of Representatives; settled in Washington Territory; was elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Brevard, James ; was born in Iredell County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1819 to 1821. Brewer, David J.; was born at Smyrna, in Asia Minor, June 20, 1837, his parents being, at the time, BIOGRAPHICAL ANNA L 8 . 57 missionaries to the Greeks; his parents returned to the United Stales dnriug his infancy, and settled in Connecticut; young Brewer was educated in the schools of Hartford, East Hampton, Middletown, and New Haven, Connecticut; entered Wesleyan University, at Middletown, in 1851; at the close of the junior year went to Yale College and entered as a junior; graduated from the latter institution in 1856- passed one year in the law office of his uncle, David Dudley Field, in New York City, and then entered the Law School at Albany, New York; .graduated therefrom in 1858, and, in the fall of that .year, went West; in 1859, settled at Leavenworth, Kansas, in the practice of law; in 1881, was ap pointed a United States Commissioner; in 1832, was elected Judge of Probate and Criminal Courts -of iLeavenworth County, Kansas; in 1864, was elected District Judge of the First Judicial District of Kansas; was President of the City Board of Education -of Leavenworth in 1865; was Superintendent of the ^Leaven worth Public Schools in 1866 , 1867 and 1868; in the latter year, was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Leavenworth County; in 1870, was elected an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Kansas, for the term of six years; was re-elected in 1876 and 1882; in 1884, resigned from the State Bench to .accept the appointment of United States Circuit Judge for the Eighth Judicial Circuit, tendered him toy President Arthur. Brewer, Francis B.; was born at Keene, New Hampshire, October 8, 1820; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1843; studied medicine, and gradu ated as M. D. in 1845, at Hanover (N. H.) Medical College; practiced his profession in Vermont, and at Plymouth, Massachusetts; in 1851 removed to Titus- ville, Pennsylvania, and engaged in the lumber busi- ness; in 1853, in connection with others, organized the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, the pioneer petroleum enterprise; Col. E. L. Drake became a stockholder and sunk the first oil well, this company being thus the means of inaugurating the oil traffic; Mr. Brewer then settled at Westtield, New York; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1873 and 1874; Government Director of the Union Pacific Rail road from 1874 to 1878; Manager of the State Insane Asylum at Buffalo in 1881 and 1882; was, for ten years, President of the First National Bank, West- iield; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. Brewer, J. Hart ; was born in Hunterdon Coun ty, New Jersey, March 29, 1844; received a good ed ucation; engaged in the manufacture of pottery; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1876; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Brewer, Mark S.; was born at Addison, Michi gan, October 22, 1837; worked on his father s farm until he reached the age of nineteen; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and commenced practice in Pontiac; was City Attorney in 1866 and 1867; was Circuit Court Commissioner from 1866 to 1869; served two years as State Senator; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Brewster, Benjamin Harris ; was born in Sa lem County, New Jersey, October 13, 1816; gradu ated from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1834; studied law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; was ad mitted to the bar in 1838, and engaged in the prac tice of law at Philadelphia; became eminent in his profession; was appointed, by President Polk, to ad- j judicate the claims of the Cherokee Indians against the United States; in 1867 was appointed Attorney- General of Pennsylvania; in 1881 was appointed, by President Gariield, Attorney-General of the United States; resigned in 1882, and resumed the practice of his profession in Philadelphia. Brewster, David P.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Died at Oswego, February 21, 1876. Bridges, George "W.; was born in McMinn County, Tennessee, October 9, 1825; was educated at the East Tennessee University; adopted the profes sion of the law; was Attorney-General of the State in 1849 and in 1854. holding the office for eleven years; held the positions of Bank Attorney and Railroad Director; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was elected a Representative in Congress from Tennessee in 1861, to serve in the Thirty-seventh Congress; but, being arrested by the "Confederates," during the Rebellion, did not take his seat until towards the close of the last session. Bridges, Samuel A.; was born in Colchester, j Connecticut, January 27, 1802; received an academic j education, and graduated at Williamstown College in 182(J; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; in 1830 removed to Pennsylvania; was for seven years Deputy Attorney-General of the State for Le- higli County; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1848 to 1849,, and from 1853 to 1855; was again a Representative in the Forty-fifth Congress. Died January 14, 1884. Briggs, Ansel ; was elected Governor of Iowa in 1846, and remained in the office until 1850. Briggs, George ; was born in Fulton County, New York, in 1805; removed to Vermont in 1813, to the Legislature of which State he was elected in 1837; in 1838 settled in the City of New York, and for many years devoted himself to the hardware busi ness, by which he amassed a fortune ; represented the City of New York in Congress from 1849 *o 1853. and in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Died at. Saratoga, June 1, 1869. Briggs, George N.; was born in Adams, Berk shire County, Massachusetts, April 12, 1796; com menced life by learning the trade of a hatter; spent one year in an academy ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1818; was Register of Deeds from 1824 to 1831; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1831 to 1843, officiating dur ing the Twenty-seventh Congress as Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office; from 1844 to 1851 was Governor of Massachusetts; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1853; -from 1853 to 1859 held the position of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Trustee of Williams College for sixteen years; a noted advocate of the Tem perance Cause. Died, in 1861, from the effects of an accidental gun-shot wound. An interesting biog raphy of him was published in 1866, by Rev. Wm. C. Richards. Briggs, James F.; was born at Bury, Lan cashire, England, October 23, 1827; emigrated to the United States; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851, and commenced practice at Hillsboro, New Hampshire; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1856, 58 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1857, 1858, and 1874; in 1871 removed to Manchester, New Hampshire; was a State Senator in 1876; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Brigham, Elijah ; was a native of Northborough, Massachusetts; a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1778; studied law at Harvard; was a merchant by occupation; held many positions of trust and respon sibility; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1811 to 1816, when he resigned. Died in Washington City, of croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixty-six years. Brigham, Lewis A. ; was born at York Mills New York, January 2, 1831 ; graduated at Hamilton College in 1849; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1855; removed to New Jersey; was elected Superintendent of the Public Schools of the City of Bergen from 1866 to 1870; was a member of the Board of Police Commissioners of Jersey City from 1874 to 1876; was a Representative of the State Legislature in 1877; was elected a Representative from New Jer sey to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died February 20, 1886. Bright, Jesse D.; was born at Norwich, Che- nango County, New York, December 18, 1812; re ceived an academic education ; studied law as a pro fession; was Circuit Judge of Indiana; State Senator; Marshal of the United States for the District of Indi ana; Lieu tenant-Governor of that State; was a United States Senator from Indiana from 1845 to 1857, and President of the Senate during several sessions; was elected for an additional term in 1857, for six years, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Build ings and Grounds, and a member of the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad; was expelled for alleged disloyalty in February, 1862; subsequently settled in Kentucky, and was elected to the Senate of that State. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, May 20, 1875. Bright, John Morgan ; was born at Fayette- ville, Tennessee, January 20, 1817; received his early education at Fayetteville, and at Hillsborough, North Carolina; graduated at Nashville University in 1839, and from Transylvania University in 1841 ; practiced law; was a member of the Legislature of Tennessee in 1847 and 1848; was elected to the Forty-second Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Private Laud Claims; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Claims; also re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses. Brinker, William Hugh; was born in Craw ford County, Missouri, December 23, 1851; in 1853 removed, with his parents, to Warrensburg, Johnson County, Missouri ; was educated at the common schools and at the State University, at Columbia, Missouri, remaining at the latter institution one year; read law, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1873; engaged in the practice of law at Warrensburg; in 1876 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Johnson County, Missouri; was twice re-elected, serving three successive terms; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Su preme Court of the Territory of New Mexico; soon after removed to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Brinker hoff, Henry B.; was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788; emigrated at an early period to New York; during the last war \.ith En gland served in command of a volunteer company, and distinguished himself at the battle of Queens- town; was twice elected to the New York Legisla ture; for many years held the office of Major-General of the New York Militia; in 1837 removed to Ohio; was elected to Congress, as Representative from that State, in 1843. Died, before the expiration of his term, in Huron County, Ohio, April 30, 1844. Brinkerhoff, Jacob ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1843 to 1847. Bristol, Warren ; was born at Stafford, Genesee County, New York, March 19, 1823; removed, with his parents, to Ransomville, Niagara County, New York, in 1829; received an academic education; re moved to the city of Lockport, New York, in 1845; studied law in the office of the Hon. Edward I. Chase, in that city; removed to the Territory of Minnesota in 1850 and settled at Minneapolis; was admitted to the bar in 1851, and engaged in the practice of law at Minneapolis; in 1852 was the first District Attor ney of Hennepin County, of which Minneapolis was the County seat; removed to Red Wing, Minnesota, in 1855; held, successively, the offices of District Attorney and Judge of Probate, in that County; waa President of the first Republican State Convention of Minnesota, in 1855, which was held at St. Paul, and at which the Republican party was first organized in that State; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1864; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1865; was a State Senator from 1866 to 1870; in 1872 was appointed, by President Grant, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico; was re-appointed by President Grant in 1876 and by President Hayes in 1880. Bristol, William ; was born in Hamden, Con necticut, in 1779; graduated at Yale College in 1798; studied law, and was for many years a distinguished member of the New Haven bar; was Judge of the United States District Ccrart for the State of Connec ticut; was a member of the Superior Court of that State from 1819 to 1826. Died at New Haven, March 7, 1836. Bristow, Benjamin H.; was born in Elkton, Todd County, Kentucky, June 20, 1832; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1851; studied law, and began practice at Elkton in 1853; removed to Hopkins ville. Kentucky, in 1858, and continued his profession there; in 1861 entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty- fifth Kentucky In fantry: subsequently commanded the Eighth Ken tucky Cavalry; while serving in the field, was elected to the State Senate for four years, but resigned at the end of two years, and resumed his profession in Louisville; in 1866 was appointed United States Dis trict Attorney for the District of Kentucky; resigned in 1870; in October, 1870, was appointed Solicitor- General of the United States; resigned in the autumn of 1872; was appointed Secretary of the Treasury, June 3, 1874. Bristow, Francis M. ; was born near Nicholas- ville, Jessamine County, Kentucky, August 11, 1804; received a good English education; studied law, and divided his time between that profession and farming; in 1831 and 1833 was elected to the Kentucky Legis lature; in 1846 to the State Senate; in 1849 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1854 was elected a Representative in Congress for the unexpired term of Pressly Ewing; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture and the Special Committee of Thirty-three. Died at Elkton, Kentucky, June 10, 1864. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 5 , Broadhead, James O.; was born at Chariot ts- ville, Virginia, May 29, 1819; received a classical ed ucation; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Missouri in 1842, and engaged in the practice of law in that State; was a member of the State House of Representatives of Missouri in 1847; a State Senator from 1850 to 1854; a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1861 ; United States District Attorney for the East?rn District of Missouri in that year; was Provost-Marshal-General of the Depart ment of the Missouri in 1863; member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1875; was elected a Representative from. Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress. Broadhead, John O.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1837 to 1839. Brochus, Perry E.; was born in Virginia; was an early emigrant to Utah, and in 1850 was appointed a United States Judge for that Territory; subse quently resided in Washington City. Brockenbrough, J. W.; was a native of Vir ginia; was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for that District. Brockenbrough, William H.; was born in 1813; went to Florida for the benefit of his health, which, during his residence there, was a continual depression upon his physical and mental energies; under the Territorial Government, was a Senator from the Western District, and at one time President of the Senate; was United States District Attorney, and also Judge; was a Representative in Congress from Florida from 1845 to 1847; was also a Presidential Elector on several occasions Died at Tallahassee, Florida, in June, 1850, of pulmonary consumption. Brockway, John H.; was born in Ellington, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1820; commenced active life by teaching in the academy at East Windsor Hill ; studied law ; practiced the pro fession; frequently served in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843. Broderick, Case ; was born in Grant County, Indiana, September 23, 1839; in early childhood re moved, with his parents, to Jasper County, Indiana, and settled upon a farm; was educated in the com mon schools of that, then new and sparsely settled, section; in 1859, went to Jackson County, Kansas, and purchased a tract of laud, which he engaged in cultivating; in 1862, enlisted in the Union Army, serving throughout the Civil War; at the close of the war, returned to Kansas, and soon thereafter was elected a Justice of the Peace; removed to Hal ton, the county seat of Jackson County, and studied law; was admitted to the bar and engaged in the practice of law; in 1868 was elected Probate Judge; was sev eral times re-elected; was elected Prosecuting At torney for Jackson County and served four years; in 1880 was elected a State Senator, and served one term of two years; on March 24, 1884, was ap pointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Idaho; at once removed to Boise City, Idaho, and entered upon the discharge of his j udicial duties. Broderick, David O.; was born in the District of Columbia, of Irish parentage, in December, 1818; when a boy of five years removed to New York City with his father; during his youth was apprenticed to the trade of a stone-cutter, which was the trade of his father; was for many years foreman of a fire- engine company in New York, during waich pericd he was an active politician; removed to California in 1849, and engaged in the business of smelting and assaying gold; was a member of the Convention which drafted the Constitution of that State; served two years in the California Senate, and was President of that body in 1851; was elected a Senator in Con gress from California in 1856, for the long term, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died at San Francisco, California, September 16, 1859, from a wound re ceived in a duel fought with David S. Terry, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, on the 13th of the same month. He was the first member of the United States Senate ever killed in a duel; it is said that some of the marble pillars in the old Senate Chamber, where he had a seat, were cut by his own father. Brodhead, John ; was aminister of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833. Died at New Market, New Hamp shire, April 7, 1838, aged sixty -seven years. Brodhead, John M.; was born in Canaan, New Hampshire, and was the son of John Brodhead,. formerly a member of Congress; educated partly at the New Market Seminary; graduated at Dartmouth College as a physician ; was appointed Second Comp troller of the United States Treasury and held the office until 1857; was an Alderman of Washington City in 1861 and 1862, and introduced the first Union resolutions after the battle of Bull Run; was a Com missioner for the District of Columbia under the Emancipation Act in 1862; in 1863 was again ap pointed Second Comptroller, and remained in that position until January, 1876, when he resigned. Among his other official positions held at different times may be mentioned those of Trustee of an Asylum, and of a College, and also that of a Bank Cashier. Brodhead, Richard; was a native of Pike County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from 1843 to 1849; a Senator of the United States Senate from Pennsylvania from 1851 to 1857. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1863. Brogden, Curtis H.; was born in Wayne County r North Carolina; as a boy worked on his father s farm;, early took an interest in military atfairs and became a General of Militia; was elected to the State Legis lature in 1838, and, in one or the other of the two- pointed a Collector of Internal Revenue; after the additional service of four years in the State Senate was, in 1872, elected Lieutenant-Governor; on the death of Governor Caldwell, in 1874, became the Governor of the State; among the other public posi tions which he held may be mentioned those of State Director of the Weldon and Wilmington Railroad, Trustee of the State University, and Justice of Wayne County; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-fifth Congress. Bromberg, Frederick George ; was born in New York City, June 19, 1837; removed to Mobile, Alabama, in 1838; graduated at Harvard University in 1858; was a student in the Chemical Laboratory of the Lawrence Scientific School from 1861 to 1863; was elected tutor in mathematics at Harvard Univer sity in 1863; resigned in 1865 and returned to Mobile; was appointed Treasurer of the city of Mobile in. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1867, and served until 1869; was a member of the State Senate of Alabama from 1868 to 1872; was appointed Postmaster of Mobile in 1869, and removed in 1871; was elected to the Forty-third Congress and re-elected to the Forty -fourth Congress; served on the Committee on Commerce. Bromwell, Henry P. H.; was born in Balti more, Maryland, August 26, 1823 ; spent seven years of his boyhood in Ohio; went with his father to Illi nois in 1836 ; received a good English and classical education; studied law; came to the bar in 1853, and practiced in different parts of the State; from 1852 to 1854 was the publisher and editor of the Age of Steam and Fire, at Vandalia; in 1853 was elected Judge of Fayette County for four years; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenses in the State Department, and the Civil Service; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Expenditures. Bronson, David ; was born in Suffield, Connecti cut; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, in 1832 and 1834, and as Senator in 1816; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Norridgewock, Maine, from 1841 to 1843, and served as a member of the Committee on Public Lands; from 1850 to 1853 was Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine; from 1854 to 1857 was Judge of Probate for Sagadahock County. Died in Talbot County, Maryland, in November, 1863. Bronson, Isaac H.; was born in Rutland, New York, October 16, 1802; was educated for the bar, and admitted to practice in 1822; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Terri tories; in 1839 was appointed one of the Territorial Judges of Florida, and from that time until his death served continually on the bench, at the time of his death being District Judge of the United States for Northern Florida. Died at Palatka, August 13, 1855. Brooke, Robert ; was Governor of Virginia from 1794 to 1796. Brooke, "Walter; was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi from 1852 to 1853, in place of H. S. Foote, resigned. Took part in the Rebellion. Brookings, "W W.; was an early emigrant to Utah ; was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States Court for that Territory. Brooks, David; was born in 1736; entered the army in 1776 as a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line; was captured at Fort Washington, and remained a prisoner for two years; upon being exchanged was promoted Assistant Clothier-General at headquarters, an office of responsibility, which he so tilled as to secure the friendship of Washington; after the close of the war removed to New York, and afterwards settled in Dutchess County, representing each locality in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from May 1797, to July, 1797; a Commissioner for making the first treaty with the Seneca Indians (signed where the city of Utica now stands), and subsequently first Judge of Dutchess County for sixteen years. Died at his home, where he was universally esteemed, in August. 1838. Brooks, G-eorg-e M.; was born in Concord, Mas sachusetts, July 26, 1824; graduated at Cambridge in 1844; studied law; was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1858; of the State Senate in 1859; of the Committee chosen in 1859 to revise the statutes of Massachusetts ; was elected to the Forty- first Congress in 1869, to fill a vacancy; in 1864 was chosen an Overseer of Harvard College, and was for several years Chairman of the Greek Committee. Brooks, G-sorge "W.; was born in North Caro lina; resided at Elizabeth City, from whence he was, in 1866, appointed United States Judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina. Brooks, James ; was born in Portland, Maine, November 10, 1810; when only eleven years of age became a clerk in a store; when sixteen was a school teacher, and at the age of nearly twenty -one gradu ated at the Waterville College; was an extensive traveler both in this country and Europe, and pub lished a large number of letters descriptive of his tours; in 1835 was elected to the Legislature of Maine; in 1836 established the New York Duly E.c- pre-n, of which he was the chief editor and proprietor; in 1817 was elected a member of the New York Leg islature; from 1849 to 1853 was a Representative in Congress from the city of New York, serving on the Committee on Public Lands; re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means and the Pacific Railroad, but his seat was successfully contested by W. E. Djdge; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 18i>6; re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Reconstruction, and on Rules; re-ele;tedto the three succeeding Congresses, and during one of the re cesses, performed a tour around the world, about w lich he published an interesting book. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 30, 1873. Brooks, John ; was born in Medford, Massachu setts; brought up on a farm; received a common school education, at which time Count Rumlbrd was a fellow student, and an intimacy with him continued through correspondence during the life of the Count; was apprenticed at the age of fourteen, for seven years, to Dr. Tufts; commenced the practice of med icine at Reading, where he commanded a company of Minute-men in 1775; was in nearly all the battles of the Revolution, and was especially distinguished at Saratoga; in 1778 was associated with Inspector-Gen eral Steuben in the duty of introducing a uniform system of exercise and manoeuvres, and was Ad jutant-General at the battle of Monmouth; to him belongs the credit of sending Cuyler to give the alarm to Arnold s forces; after the war, resumed the practice of medicine in Medford; was for many years Major- General of Militia, and as a member of the Legislature was against Shay s Rebellion; was a Delegate to the Convention for adopting the Federal Constitution, which he advocated; was appointed, by Washington, Marshal of his District, and Inspector of the Revenue in 1795; was State Senator and Councilor; Adjutant- General of the State from 1812 to 1815; its Governor from 1816 to 1823, when he retired to private life; received from Harvard University the degrees of M.D. and LL. D. in 1816; was President of the Mas sachusetts Medical Society from 1817 until his death; of the Cincinnati from 1787; and of the Massachu setts Bible Society. Died at Medford, March 1, 1825. Brooks, Micah ; was born in Cheshire, Connec ticut, in 1775; was educated by his father, with whom he removed to Western New York, where he taught school; settled on a farm; was a Justice of! BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 61 the Peace in 1806, and for twenty years thereafter was a County Judge ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1808 and 1809; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817; a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1821; a Presidential Elector in 1824. Died at Liv ingston County,- New York, July 7, 1857. Brooks, Preston S.; was born in Edgefield Dis trict, South Carolina, in August, 1819; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1839; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843; was a State Representa tive in J844; in 1846 raised a company of volunteers, was made Captain, and served in the Palmetto regi ment during most of the Mexican War; after the Avar levoted himself to planting; was elected to Con gress in 1853, and again in 1855; in 1856 made a per sonal assault upon Charles Sumner, in the United States Senate Chamber, which event caused much excitement throughout the country; -the attack was caused by words uttered in debate by Senator Sum ner against A. P. Butler, who was Mr. Brooks rela tive. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 27, 1857. Broom, Jacob ; was born in Baltimore, Mary land, July 25, 1808; received a classical education; on removing to Pennsylvania, was appointed, in 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State; in 1849 was elected Clerk of the Orphans Court for the City and County of Philadelphia; was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty -fourth Congress. Died in Washington, in November, 1864. Broomall, John M.; was born in Upper Chiches- ter, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, January 19, 1816; received a good classical and mathematical ed ucation in the schools of the Quakers, to which sect Ins family had belonged for several generations ; stu died law, and was devoted to that profession; served in the Legislature of the State; was a Presidential Elector in 1861 ; in 1862 was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eight Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Accounts and Public Expenditures; re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Pub lic Expenditures, on Accounts, and on the Memphis Riots; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. Broome, James E.; was Governor of Florida from 1853 to 1857. Broome, James M.; graduated at Princeton College in 1794; was a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1805 to 1807. Brough, John ; was born in Marietta. Ohio, September 17, 1811; began life as a printer; entered the Ohio University; in 1831 published at Marietta the Washington Counly Republican, and in 1833 the Lancaster Eagle; was clerk of the Ohio Senate from 1835 to 1838; then a member of the Legislature; from 1839 to 1845 Auditor; in 1846 opened a law office in Cincinnati ai d published the Inquirer; in 1848 was President of the Madison and Indianapolis Railway; in 1853, of the Bellefontaine and Indianapolis Road; in 1863 was elected Governor of Ohio. Died in Cleve land, August 29, 1865. Broughton, Thomas ; was Councilor and Col lector of Customs in South Carolina in 1808; after ward Lieutenant-Governor; May 3, 1855, was made Governor, serving in that position until his death in 1858. Brown, Aaron V.; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, August 15, 1795; graduated at Chapel Hill University in 1814; in 1815 removed,, with his parents, to Tennessee, where he devoted himself to the study of law; when admitted to prac tice, became a partner of the late James K. Polk, in Giles County; served for a number of years in the Legislature < i Tennessee; in 1839 was elected a mem ber of Congress from Tennessee, and re-elected in 1841 and 1843; on his retirement from Congress in 1845, was elected Governor of Tennessee; was at all times considered one of the most faithful and in dustrious leaders of the Democratic party in Ten nessee. His last position was that of Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Buchanan. Among the measures which marked his administra tion of our postal affairs may be mentioned the establishment of a new and shorter oceanic communi cation to California, by Tehuantepec; of the great overland mail from Memphis and St. Louis to San Francisco, and another across the continent, by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches, Congressional and political, were published at Nashville in 1854. Died in Washington, March 8, 1859. Brown, Addison ; was born at West Newbury, Massachusetts, February 21, 1830; received a col legiate education, graduating from Harvard College in 1852; studied law at Harvard Law School, and re ceived the degree of LL.B. from that institution in 1854; in that year removed to New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1855, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1881 was appointed United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. Brown, Albert GK; was born in Chester District, South Carolina, May 31, 1813; taken to Mississippi when a boy; adopted the law as a profession; was a member of the State Legislature from 1835 to 1839; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi in 1840 and 1841; Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848; was again elected a Representative in Congress from 1848 to 1854; was a Judge of the Circuit Superior Court in 1852 and 1853; was elected a. United States Senator from 1854 to 1858 ; was re-elected for six years, commencing March 4, 1859, but was ex pelled in March, 1861, and joined the Great Re bellion ; was Chairman of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and a. member of the Committee on Indian Affairs and that of Enrolled bills. His collected speeches were pub lished in one volume in 1859. Brown, Anson; was born in New York; was a. Representative in Congress from that State during the years 1839 and 1840. Died at Ballston, New York, June 21, 1840, much respected for his character and acquirements. Brown, Bedford ; was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, in 1795; was elected to the House of Commons of that State in 1815, in which capacity he served many years; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1841, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during several sessions; was subsequently elected to the General Assembly, and at the end of his term retired to private life; was first elected to the Senate by one majority, and, to a great extent, by a mere acci dent; but, having acquitted himself with ability, was re-elected by a large majority. Died in Caswell County, December 6, 1870. Brown, Benjamin ; served in the State Legisla ture in 1809, 1811, and 1812; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1817. Brown, B. Gratz ; was born in Lexington, Ken tucky, May 28, 1826; graduated at the Transylvania. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. University in 1845, and at Yale College in 1847; studied law in Louisville, and settled at St. Louis, Missouri; was a member of the Legislature of that State from 1852 to 1858; assisted in establishing the Missouri Democrat, and edited that journal from 1854 to 1859; a speech that he delivered in the Legislature in 1857 was the initial movement in behalf of freedom in that State ; when the wnr broke out, in 1861, volunteered and raised a regiment, which assisted in the capture of Camp Jackson, and which he com manded during its term of service; subsequently com manded a brigade of militia during an invasion of the State; his efforts in behalf of freedom were con tinued during the progress of the Rebellion, and he was foremost in organizing the movement which re sulted in the Ordinance of Freedom in 1864; was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri for the term commencing in 1863 and ending in 1867, serv ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, Public Buildings and Grounds, Printing, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and, sub sequently, on the death of Senator Foote, as Chair man of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; in 1872 received a complimentary vote for President of the United States; John Brown, formerly a Senator from Kentucky, was his grandfather, and his father, Mason Brown, was a prominent Judge. Died December 13, 1885. Brown, Charles; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849; subse quently held the office of Collector of the Port of Philadelphia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Brown, Charles Elwood ; was born at Cincin nati, Ohio, July 4, 1834; attended Greenfield Acad emy two years, then entered Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, from which institution he was gradu ated in 1854; then went South, and, while serving as tutor, studied law; in 1859, returned to Ohio and settled at Chillicothe in the practice of law; in 1861, enlisted in the Union Army; served throughout the Civil War, earning promotion by his gallantry, until, at its close, he had attained the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; in the Atlanta campaign, in 1864, commanded his regiment and lost a leg; while recovering from his wound served as Provost- Marshal of the Eighteenth Ohio District; at the close of the war resumed the practice of his profession at Chillicothe, Ohio; in 1872, was appointed, by Presi dent Grant, United States Pension Agent at Cincin nati, serving four years; in 1884, was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Brown, Elias ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1829 to 1831; a Presidential Elector in 1820, 1828, and 1836. Brown, Ethan Allen ; was born at Darien, Con necticut, July 4, 1776; was educated by an Irish scholar, and acquired a critical knowledge of lan guages; read law with Alexander Hamilton, and was almitted to the bar in 1862; emigrated to the West, and in 1804 settled to practice in Cincinnati; was Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio from 18JO to 1818; Governor of the State from 1818 to 1822; United States Senator from 1822 to 1825; Canal Com missioner from 1825 to 1830; United States Minister to Brazil from 1830 to 1834; Commissioner of the General Land Office in 1835 and 1836; removed to Indiana in 183G; was a member of the Indiana Legis lature in 1842. Died in Indianapolis, February 24, 1852. Brown, G-eorge ; was a citizen of Massachusetts, was a Commissioner to Hawaii from 1843 to 1846. Brown, George H.; was born in New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1828; adopted the pi ofession of the law; was a member of the Conven tion which formed the State Constitution of 1844 ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1851 to 1853. Brown, Henry B.; was born at Lee, Berkshire^ County, Massachusetts, March 2, 1836; graduated from Yale College in 1856; traveled in Europe for a year; studied law at the Yale and Harvard Law Schools; was admitted to the bar at Detroit, Michi gan, in 1860, and engaged in practice there; was As sistant United States Attorney for several years; was Circuit Judge of Wayne County, by appointment, for several months of the year 1868; in 1876 was ap pointed United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan. Brown, James ; was born in Virginia, October, 1766; studied law; settled first in Mississippi, at Natchez; was appointed, by President Jefferson, Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana after its ac quisition. This led him to New Orleans, which be came his home; was appointed United States Attor ney for the District of Louisiana, and rose to a high rank at the bar; was appointed a Territorial Judge in 1804 ; was chosen to the United States Senate from Louisiana, and served from 1812 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1824, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Foreigjj 1 Relations; resigned, and was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France; re mained abroad five years, and subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he died of apoplexy, April 7, 1835. He was the brother of John Brown, of Vir ginia. Brown, James S.; was born in Hampton, Maine, February 1, 1824; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1840, where he studied law; in 1844, took up his residence in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; in 1846 was chosen Prosecuting Attorney for Milwaukee County; in 1848 was elected Attorney-General of the State; in 1861 was Mayor of Milwaukee; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. Brown, Jeremiah ; was born in Pennsylvania in 1776; served in the Legislature of that State, and as a member of one or two State Conventions; was the first Associate Judge elected by the people; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1845. Died at Lancaster, March 2, 1848. Brown, John ; was born at Staunton, Virginia, September 12, 1757; was a student at Princeton Col lege, New Jersey, when the American Army retreated, and the college was closed; joined the troops, crossed the Delaware, and remained in the army under Washington for some time; was subsequently under the command of Lafayette, after which he completed his education at William and Mary College; was a school teacher two years ; studied law, and removed to Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1782; was elected a mem ber of the Virginia Legislature from the District of Kentucky, and was appointed a Delegate from Vir ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1787 to 1788; was a Representative from Kentucky to the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1791; a United States Senator j from 1793 to 1805; was the last survivor of the old Congress, and the first member from the Valley of the Mississippi; was eminent as a patriot, statesman, BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. and citizen; he was one of those who voted to locate the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28, 1837. Brown, John; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, January 27, 1736; was bred to mercantile pursuits; was one of the men who captured the Gaspce in Providence River, in 1772; took an active part in the Revolution, and was an ardent friend of the Constitution ; was chosen a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1784, but did not take his seat in that body; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1799 to 1801. Died September 20, 1803. Brown, John; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1810. Brown, John; was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1825. Brown, John C.; was born in Giles County, Tennessee, January 6, 1827; was reared on a farm; received a collegiate education, graduating from Jackson College, Tennessee, in 1846; taught school and studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice at Pulaski, Tennessee; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army, and was made Captain; served with distinction throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Major-General; was a Delegate to, and was elected President of the State Constitutional Convention of 1870; in that year was elected Governor of Tennessee; was re-elected in 1872, serving until 1875; in 1876 was elected Vice-Presi dent of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company; in 1881 became General Solicitor of the Missouri Pacific Railway Operated and Leased Lines, and the Texas and Pacific Railway, comprising the great railway system of the Southwest. Brown, John W.; was born in Dundee, Scot land, about the year 1797; came, with his father, to the United States in 1802; received a common school education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1818; was elected a Justice of the Peace in 1820; elected a Representative in Congress from New York in 1832, and re-elected in -1834; in 1849 was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, and re-elected in 1857, retiring from the Bench in 1865, to resume the practice of his profession ; although always a Demo crat in politics, he supported the war measures of President Lincoln with great zeal ; he was a very suc cessful lawyer, and it is said that none of his rulings as a Judge were ever reversed by the Court of Ap peals. Died at his residence in Newburg, New York. September 6, 1875. Brown, John Young ; was born in Claysville, Hardin County, Kentucky, June 28, 1835; graduated at Centre College, Danville, in 1855; studied law and adopted the profession; in 1859 was elected to Con gress, but not having attained the constitutional age, declined to take his seat; in 1867 was elected a Rep resentative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, but in March, 1868, his claim to a seat was rejected by the House; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on various Com mittees. Brown, Joseph E.; was born in Pickens Dis trict, South Carolina, April 15, 1821; removed, with his parents, to Georgia, when a boy; received an aca demic education; taught school; was admitted to the bar in 1845; afterwards graduated at the Law School of Yale College, returned to Georgia and engaged in the practice of law in 1846; in 1849 was elected a State Senator; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; in 1855 was elected Judge of the Superior Courts of the Blue Ridge Circuit; in 1857 was elected Governor; re-elected in 1859; was again re-elected in 1861, and again in 1863; in 1868 was appointed, by the Gov ernor, Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court; re signed in 1870 to accept the Presidency of the West ern Atlantic Railroad Company; was appointed United States Senator from Georgia to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John B. Gordon in 1880, for the term ending in 1885, and his appointment was confirmed by the Legislature; was re-elected for the term ending March 3, 1891. Brown, Milton; was born in Ohio; removed to Tennessee; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1847. Brown, Morgan "W.; was a native of Tennessee; in 1834 was appointed United States Judge for the District comprising that State; resided at Nashville. Brown, Neill S.; was born in Giles County, Tennessee, in July, 1810; his parents were poor, and unable to give him an education; worked upon the farm, and studied at night; his school opportunities were almost entirely confined to the winter season, at the old-time country log school house ; made the most of his opportunities, and, upon reaching man hood, studied law; commenced the practice of his profession at Pulaski, Giles County, Tennessee, about 1833; was a volunteer in the Florida war of 1836-37; after the close of his service returned to Pulaski, and to the practice of the law ; in 1842 was elected a Representative in the Tennessee Legisla ture, serving two years; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; in 1847 was the candidate of the Whig party against Hon. Aaron V. Brown, for Governor of Ten nessee; was elected; moved to Nashville in October, 1847; was again a candidate for Governor in 1849, but was defeated; in 1850 was appointed, by Presi dent Taylor, Minister to Russia, serving four years; at the expiration of his service as Minister returned to his home at Nashville, and resumed the practice of his profession; in 1855, with much reluctance, con sented to become a candidate for the Lower House of the Tennessee Legislature; was elected, and, after a long contest, was elected Speaker of the House; in the fall of 1856 was again a candidate for Presidential Elector; in 1861 was appointed, by Governor Harris, President of the Military Board of Tennessee; after the evacuation of Nashville by the Confederates, he took no further part in the war, but remained quietly at his home, until he was sent South, within the Confederate lines, by Andrew Johnson, Military Governor of Tennessee; after the termination of the war, returned to his home, and, in many speeches, advised the people to submit to the authorities, and to bend their energies to the development of the re sources of their State; in 1870 was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and took an active and leading part in the proceedings of that body. Died, at his home, in January, 1886. Brown, Orlando; was born in Kentucky; in July, 1849. was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, being the first who held the office after it became a Bureau of the Interior Department; con tinued in office until July, 1850. Brown, Robert ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1798 to 1815. Brown, Thomas ; was Governor of Florida from 1849 to 1853. Brown, Titus; was born in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; graduated at Middelbury College 64 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in 1811; was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire from 1820 to 1825; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 18:25 to 1829; serving as a member of the Committee on the Memorial of the Legislature of Tennessee; in 184:2 was elected to the State Senate and made President; also held the offices of Solicitor of Hillsborough County from 1823 to 1825, and from 1829 to 1834, and Railroad Commissioner. Died at Francistown, New Hampshire, January 31, 1849. aged sixty-three years. Brown, "William ; was born in Frederick County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky from 1819 to 1823. Brown, William Gr.; was born in Preston County, Virginia, September 25, 1801; received a good English education; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1823; in 1832 was elected to the Legislature of Virginia; served again in that capacity from 1840 to 1843; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849; in 1850 \vasa mem ber of the Virginia State Convention; in 18(50 a Del egate to the " Charleston Convention," and also to that held in Baltimore; was also a Delegate to the "Virginia Convention" of 1861, and opposed the action of the Secessionists; on his return home was elected a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and the Militia; in 1863 wa^ re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress as a Representative from West Vir ginia, and served on the Committee on Claims. Brown, "William J.; was born in Kentucky in 1805; emigrated to Indiana in 1821; was at one time iSecretary of State for Indiana, and a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851; was Assistant Postmaster-General under President Polk; editor of the Indiana Sentinel; State Librarian of Indiana; and, at the time of his death, Special Agent of the Post Office Department for In diana and Illinois. Died near Indianapolis, March 18, 1857. Brown, "William R. ; was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1840, graduated at Union College in 1862; became a lawyer, and settled in Kansas in 1862; was elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of Kansas in 1867; re-elected in 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-fourth Con gress. Brown, William Wallace ; was born at Sum- merhill, Cayuga County, New York, April 22, 1836; removed with his parents, to the then wild country now embraced in Elk County, Pennsylvania, where he was reared without educational advantages until he had almost attained his majority; then attended Smithtield Academy, in McKean County, and after wards Alfred College, New York; he had almost com pleted his course at the latter institution, and gradu ating day was near at hand, when the Civil Wai- broke out and he, at once, enlisted in the Union Army for a three-years term; served with gallantry until the close of the war, a large part of the time in the noted Bucktail Regiment; studied law; was elected Recorder of McKean County, Pennsylvania; was admitted to the bar in 1866 and engaged in prac tice; was elected District Attorney in that year; re moved to Erie County, Pennsylvania, in 1869, and settled at Corry in the practice of his profession; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1872 to 1876; in 1878 removed to Bradford, Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Browne, George H. ; was born in Gloucester, Rhode Island, in 1818; was left an orphan at an early age, but managing to obtai-i a common school educa tion by his own exertions, graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1840; studied law, but, soon entering into politics, was elected to both the Charter and Suffrage Legislatures of his State in 1842; was admitted to the bar in 1844; was again elected to the Rhode Island Legislature, and re-elected until 1852; during that year was appointed, by President Pierce, United States Attorney for Rhode Island; was re-appointed by President Buchanan, which office he held until elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; was a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions, and to the Peace Congress of 1861. Browne, John Ross ; was born in Ireland, in 1817; in his eighteenth year descended the Missis sippi and Ohio Rivers, from Louisville to New Or leans; acquired the art of stenography, and was for a time a reporter in Washington; in 1846, after visit ing a great portion of the world, published "Etch ings 01 a Whaling Cruise, with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar;" visited California in 1849, on business for the Government; the Holy Land, in 1851; the Northern Countries of Europe and Iceland, in 1861; was appointed Minister to China in 1868; was the author of "An American Family in Ger many Adventures in the Apache Country; " Laud of Thor;" "Crusoe s Island, with Sketches of California and Washoe;" and Yusef s "Travels in the East; " was a man of superior ability and high character; for the Government he prepared a very valuable Report on the Mineral Resources of the country west of the Rocky Mountains. Died in Oak land, California, December 8, 1875. Browne, Thomas M.; was born at New Paris, Ohio, April 19, 1829; removed to Indiana in 1844 ;i received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Winchester, Indi ana, in 1849; was Prosecuting Attorney for the Thir teenth Judicial Circuit of the State from 1855 to 1861; was Secretary of the State Senate in 1861, and a State Senator in 1863; entered the Union Army as Lieutenant-Colonel, during the War of the Rebellion, and was promoted to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was United States Attorney for the District of Indiana from 1869 to 1872; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of the State in 1872; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-tifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and For ty-eighth Congresses, and was re-elected to the For ty-ninth Congress. Browning-, Orville H. ; was born in Harrison County, Kentucky; after acquiring a good English education, removed to Bracken County, and while performing the duties of a clerk in the office of the County and Circuit Clerk, went througli a course of classical studies at Augusta College ; studied law, and, on being admitted to the bar in 1831, settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he subsequently resided; served through the Black Hawk War in 1832; in 1836 was elected a Senator in the Illinois Legislature, and served in that capacity four years; in 1840 was elected to the Lower House, serving two years; in conjunc tion with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, was instru mental in forming the Republican party of Illinois at the Bloomington Convention; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, and was a warm, supporter of the Government during the Rebellion. On the death of S. A. Douglass, in 1861, was ap pointed a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 65 until the subsequent election of W. A. Richardson, in 1863; on the organization of the Notional Union Executive Committee, in June. 1866, he became an active member of the same; and on the retirement of James Harlan as Secretary of the Interior, on Sep tember 1, 1866, he entered President Johnson s Cabi net as Secretary of the Interior Department; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " in 1866; on the resignation of Mr. Stanbery as Attorney-General, in March, 1868, he was designated by President Johnson to perform the duties of that office, in addition to his own as Secretary of the Interior Department. In 1869 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention. Brownlow, "William G-.; was born in Wythe County, Virginia, August 29, 1805; in his eighteenth year removed to Abingdon, and apprenticed himself to a house-carpenter; on completing his term of in denture entered the Methodist traveling ministry; removed to Tennessee in 1831; from 1837 to 1862, published and edited a newspaper called the Whig, at Knoxville; having always been a supporter of the Union, when the Rebellion began, he was very severe in his denunciations; for his boldness and loyalty was imprisoned, suffering greatly in person and property; was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1865; re-elected in 1867; in 1868. was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee for six years from 1869, serving on the Committees on Pensions and Revolu tionary Claims, being Chairman of the latter Com mittee until 1815; published a work on Methodism, entitled " The Iron Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted;" the events of his political life were fully set forth in volumes, entitled " Debates on Slavery," and " Sketches of Secession ;" after leaving the Senate he returned to his old profession of jour nalism. Brownson, Nathan; graduated at Yale College in 1761; studied medicine and practiced in Liberty County, Georgia; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1775; was for some time, a surgeon in the army; Speaker of the Legislature of 1781, by which body he was chosen Governor of Georgia; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778; Speaker of the Georgia House of Represent atives in 1788; President of the Senate from 1789 to 1791; in 1789 was a member of the Convention that framed the State Constitution. Died in Liberty County, Georgia, in November, 1796. Bruce, B. K.; was born, of slave parents, in Prince Edward County, Virginia, March 1, 1841; went to Mississippi in his boyhood; subsequently removed to Missouri, but returned to Mississippi in 1869; his education was limited; while following the occupation of a planter, held the positions of Serg- eant-at-Arms of the State Senate for two years, Sheriff and Tax Collector of Bolivar County for four years, and a Levee Commissioner for three years; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commenc ing in 1875, and ending in 1881; in May, 1881, was appointed Register of the Treasury of the United States. Bruce, John ; was born in Stirlingshire, Scot land, February 16, 1832; emigrated, with his father, to the United States, in 1840, settling in Wayne bounty, Ohio; during his boyhood, attended the District School in winter and worked on his father s farm in the summer; then attended an academy for a time; graduated from Franklin College, Ohio, in 1854; removed to Iowa; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856; engaged in the practice of law, at Keokuk, Iowa, as the partner of Hon. George W. UcCrary, now United States Circuit Judge; at the 5 breaking out of the Rebellion entered the Union Army; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General ; settled in Alabama as a cotton planter; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872 and 1874; in 1875 was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Judge for the District of Alabama. Bruce, Phineas; was born June 17, 1762; was a graduate of Yale College in 1786; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1792, 1793, 1796, and 1800; was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1805. Died Octo ber 4, 1809. Bruin, Peter Bryan; was appointed, in 1798, by President Adams, one of the tirst United States Judges for the Territory of Mississippi. Brumm, Charles N.; was born at Pottsville, Pennsylvania, June 9, 1838 ; received a common school education, and attended the Pennsylvania Col lege for one year; learned the trade of a watchmaker; studied law; enlisted in the Union Army in 1861, and served throughout the war, being commissioned an Assistant-Quartermaster and detailed on staff duty ; completed his law studies, and was admitted to prac tice in 1871; was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Forty -sixth Congress; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Brush, Henry ; was born in Dutchess County, New York, in 1778; settled in Ohio in 1803; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1819 to 1821; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Died January 19, 1855, aged seventy-seven years. Bruyn, Andrew D. "W.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1838. Died at Ithaca, in July, 1838, before the expiration of his term. Bryan, George S.; was born in Pennsylvania; received a liberal education; settled in Charleston, South Carolina; in 1866 was appointed United States Judge for the District comprising that State. Bryan, Guy M. ; was born in Missouri, June 12, 1821; received a liberal education; studied law; bore a part in the military campaign of Texas in 1836; in 1846 went to the Rio Grande, under General Tay lor; in 1847 was elected to the Texas Legislature, and served in the House and Senate seven years ; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agri culture. Bryan, Henry H.; was born in Martin County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1819 to 1823, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Died in Montgomery County, Tennessee, in May, 1835. Bryan, John A.; was born in Massachusetts; after holding a Clerkship in the General Post Office, was, in 1842, appointed Second Assistant Postmaster- General, holding the position about one year; it was a son of his who was subsequently connected with the Postal Service of the Empire of Japan. Bryan, John A.; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1844 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Peru, bvit re mained there only about one year, when he returned to the United States. Bryan, John H.; was born in Newbern County, North Carolina, in 1798; graduated at the University 66 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. of North Carolina in 1815; was a lawyer by profes sion; served a number of years in the State Legisla ture; was a member of Congress from North Carolina from 1825 to 1827. Bryan, Joseph ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1803 to 1806. Bryan, Joseph H.; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1819. Bryan, Nathan ; was born in Jones County, North Carolina; in 1791 represented that county in the House of Commons; was a member of Congress from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1798. Died at Philadelphia, June 4, during the latter year. He was a prominent Baptist, and a most exemplary Christian. Bryant, Edwin E.; was born at Milton, Ver mont, January 10, 1836; received an academic edu cation; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857; the same year removed to Wisconsin, and entered upon the practice of law; in 1861 entered the Union Army as a volunteer; served throughout the Civil War, being successively promoted an officer in line, staff, and field; alter the close of the war, resigned his commission and resumed the practice of his pro fession; from 1868 to 1872 was Private and Executive Secretary to the Governor of Wisconsin; from 1876 to 1882 was Adjutant-General of Wisconsin; in 1878 was elected a Representative in the Wisconsin Legis lature; declined a re-nomination; in 1885 was ap pointed, by President Cleveland, Assistant Attorney- Goaeral of the United States for the Post Office De partment. Bryant, William P.; was an early emigrant to Oregon when it was a Territory; in 1849 was ap pointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that District. Bryde, Archibald M.; was born in Moore County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1813; subse quently a member of the State Senate for two years. Buchanan, Andrew; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839. Buchanan, Hugh ; was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, September 15, 1823; received an academic education; emigrated to the United States; was ad mitted to the bar in 1845; was elected to the State Senate of Georgia in 1855, and re-elected in 1857; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conven tion of 1856; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; served in the Confederate Army during the War ol the Rebellion; was a Delegate to the Democratic Na tional Convention of 1868; was a Judge of the Superior Court from 1872 until nominated for Con gress in 1880, when he resigned; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1877; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Buchanan, James ; was born at Ringoes, Hun- tc.don County, New Jersey, June 17, 1839 ; was- i cured on a farm; was educated at the public schools and at Clinton Academy; read law for four years ir a lawyer s office, and then attended the Law Schoo of Albany University, New York; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and engaged in practice at Trenton New Jersey; in 1866 was Reading Clerk of the Nev Jersey Legislature; was a member of the Board o Education of Trenton, New Jersey, from 1868 to 1879 was Presiding Judge of Mercer County, New Jersey, rom 1874 to 1879; was a member of the Common louncil of Trenton, New Jersey, from 1883 to 1885; n 1884 was elected a Representative from New Jer- >ey to the Forty-ninth Congress. Buchanan, James ; was born in Franklin Coun- iy, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791; after a regular course of classical education studied and practiced .aw in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; in 1814 was elected ;o the State Legislature of Pennsylvania, and re jected the next year; in 1821 entered Congress as a Representative from the Lancaster District, where ic continued until 1831, when he declined a re-elec tion; in 1832 was appointed, by President Jackson, Minister to Russia; on his return from that mission, in 1834, was elected by the Pennsylvania Legislature ;o the Senate of the United States, to fill the uuex- pired term of William Wilkins, who had resigned; was re-elected in 1837, and again in 1843; in 1845 resigned his seat in the Senate, and became Secretary of State, and the head of the Cabinet of President Polk; at the close of that eventful administration re tired to private life at his residence of Wheatland, near Lancaster; was again summoned to the public service in 1853, when he accepted, from President Pierce, the appointment of Minister of the United States to* the Court of St. James; having resigned this office, returned home in 1856; in the summer of that year received the Democratic nomination for President of the United States; in the following November was elected to that position; in March, 1857, entered upon its duties, and served until the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861; in 1865 he published a book giving a history of the close of his administration. Died at Wheatland, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1868. Buchanan, James M.; was a citizen of Mary land; was Minister Resident to Denmark from 1858 to 1861. Bucher, John C.; was for many years a Judge of the Circuit Court of Pennsylvania; a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833. Died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1851. Buck, Alfred E.; was born at Foxcroft, Maine, February 7, 1832; received an academic education; graduated at Waterville College in 1859; was princi pal of the high school at Lewiston in 1860; entered the army in 1861 as Captain in Thirteenth Maine Infantry; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Ninety -first Col ored Troops in 1863, and of the Fifty-first Colored Troops in 1864; was bre vetted Colonel of Volunteers for gallant conduct at the siege of Fort Blakely in 1865; was mustered out of service at Baton Rouge in j 1866; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Alabama in 1867; was appointed, by General Pope, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Mobile County in j 1867, and was elected to the same office in 1868; Avas Presidential Elector in 1868; was elected to the i Forty -first Congress. Buck, Daniel ; was a laAvyer by profession, and one of the earliest settlers in Vermont; Avas a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 17ir> to 1797, and died in 1817; was the lather of the Hon. . Daniel A. A. Buck. Buck, Daniel Azro A.; was born in Vermont ; in 1789; graduated at Middlebury College in 1807, j and at the West Point Military Academy in 1808, \ when he entered the army; resigned his commission | in 1811; was appointed as a Captain in the army in 1813; finally left the military service in 1815; estab- lished himself as a lawyer at Chelsea, Vermont, and BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was for fourteen years a member of the State Legis lature, officiating about half of that time as Speaker of the Lower House; filled the office of State Attor ney for Orange County for six years; in 1821 was a Presidential Elector; was a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1823 to 1825, and again from 18:27 to 1829; was subsequently connected with the Indian Bureau of the War Department at Wash ington, where he died, December 24, 1841. Buck, Charles W.J was born at Vicksburg, Mis sissippi, March 17, 1849, received a classical educa tion, graduating from Georgetown College, Kentucky, in 1869; six months later took the degree of Batche- lor of Laws at the University in Lexington, Ken tucky; remained in Lexington for a time pursuing a course of reading in the law; in the fall of 1870 re moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and soon after to Greenville, Mississippi, where he engaged in the practice of law ; the year following removed to Vicks burg, Mississippi, continuing the practice of his pro fession; took an active part in politics; in 1874 set tled in Louisville, Kentucky, in the practice of law; in 1878 removed to Woodford County, Kentucky, where, in 1879, he was elected County Judge, serv ing four years; on March 31, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Peru. Buck, John R.; was born at Gastonbury, Con necticut, December 6, 1836; received an academic education and spent one year at Wesleyan Univer sity; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1862, and established himself in the practice at Hartford, Connecticut; was Treasurer of the County of Hart ford from 1863 to 1881 ; was Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 1865; Clerk of the State Senate in 1866; President of the Common Council of Hart ford in 1868; City Attorney in 1871 and 1873; State Senator in 1880 and 1881; was elected a Representa tive, from Connecticut, to the Forty-seventh Con gress; was also elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Buck, Norman ; was born at Lancaster, Erie County, New York, April 13, 1833; received a clas sical education, graduating from Lawrence Univer sity, Wisconsin, in 1859; graduated from the Law Department of the University of Albany, New York, in 1860, and was admitted to the bar; the same year removed to Winona, Minnesota, and commenced the practice of law; served in the Union Army from. 1862 to 181)5, rising to the rank of Captain; was Judge ot Probate for Winona County, Minnesota, from. 1865 j to 1871, when he resigned, because of a disease ot the eyes contracted in the army; in 1873 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the same County; in 1878 was appointed United States Attorney for the Terri tory of Idaho; in 1879 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of that Territory, re siding at Lewiston; was re-appointed in 1884. Buckalew, Charles R.; was born in Columbia County. Pennsylvania, December 28, 1821; adopted the profession of the law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1843; Avas Prosecuting Attorney for his native county from 1845 to 1847; was a Senator in the State Legislature from 1850 to 1856; in 1854 was a Com missioner to exchange the ratifications of a Treaty with Paraguay; was a Senatorial Presidential Elec tor in 1856; in 1857 was Chairman of the State Dem ocratic Committee; during the same year was re- elected to the State Senate, and also appointed a Commissioner to revise the Penal Code of Pennsyl vania; in 1858 resigned the two latter positions, and was appointed, by President Buchanan, Resident Minister to Ecuador, returning home in 1861 ; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, by a majority of one vote, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Post Offices and Post Roads, Pensions, Mines and Mining, Foreign Relations, Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and Retrenchment, and also Chairman of the Committee on Ventilation; in 1869 was elected to the State Senate; held other public positions in Pennsylvania. Buckingham, William A.; was born in Leba non, Connecticut, in 1804; received a common school education; was brought up on his father s farm; at the age of twenty entere 1 a store in Norwich, in which city he was eminently successful as a mer chant and in various kinds of manufacturing; was elected Mayor of Norwich in 1849, 1850, 1856, and 1857; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1858 was elected Governor of Connecticut; re-elected for seven years, in which capacity he rendered important ser vices -in raising and forwarding troops during the progress of the Rebellion; was elected a Senator in Congress from Connecticut for six years, for the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Indian Affairs, En grossed Bills, and several other important commit tees. Died in Norwich, in February, 1875, only a few weeks before the expiration of his term. He was noted for his pure character and great benevo lence. Buckland, Ralph P.; was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, January 20, 1812; removed to Ohio in the same year; was educated at Kenyon College, but did not graduate; studied law and came to the bar in 1837; was elected to the Senate of Ohio in 1855 and 1857, serving four years; in 1861 was ap pointed Colonel of the Seventy -second Ohio Infantry, and fought in the battle of Shiloh as the commander of a brigade; was made a Brigadier-General in the winter of 1862 63, and in that capacity fought at Vicksburg; was subsequently in command of the District of Memphis; during his absence on the field in 1864 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Banking and Currency, and on the Militia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention" of 1866, and of the "Soldiers Convention," held at Pittsburgh; re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress. Buckley, Charles W. ; was born in Otsego County, New York, February 8, 1835; was educated at the Union Theological Seminary of New York; served as a Chaplain in the Union Army during a part of the Rebellion; was subsequently an Assistant Superintendent of the Freednien s Bureau; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Navy Department. Buckner, Alexander ; emigrated from Indiana to Missouri in 1818; was a member of the Conven tion which formed the Constitution of that State; served several years in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress from Missouri from 1831 to 1833, and died in May, 1833. His term would have ex pired in 1837. Buckner, Aylett Hawes ; was born at Freder- icksburg, Virginia, December 14, 1817; educated at Georgetown College, and at the University of Vir ginia; taught school and studied law; emigrated to Missouri in 1837; in 1841 was elected Clerk of the County Probate Court of Pike County; in 1850 re- 68 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. moved to St. Louis and practiced his profession ; was chosen Attorney for the Bank of the State of Missouri in 1852; in 1854 was appointed Commissioner of Pub lic Works ; in 1857 was elected Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit; in 18(31 was one of the Delegates to the Peace Congress ; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Private Land Claims; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on the Dis- tric t of Columbia; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Con gresses. Buckner, Aylitt ; was born in Greensburg, Green County, Kentucky; educated at New Athens Seminary in that town; was a member of the House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and 18413; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1849. Buckner, Richard A.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, 1763; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1823 to 1829; a Presi dential Elector in 1841. Died at his residence in Greensburg, Kentucky, December 8, 1847. Budd, James H.; was born in Janesville, Wis consin, May 18, 1851; removed with his parents to San Joaquin County, California, in 1857; received a collegiate education, graduating from the California State University in 1873; studied law; was admitted to practice in the lower courts in 1873, and in the Supreme Court in 1874; in 1875 was nominated for the Assembly bat declined; was a member of the Governor s Staff from 1875 to 1879; served as United States Commissioner for several years, and was also Deputy District Attorney of his county; in 1882 was nominated, by his party, for Congressman, his .district having hitherto given large opposition major ities; after a most thorough and vigorous personal canvass was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-eighth Congress, running far ahead ot his colleagues on the ticket. Buel, Alexander H.; was born in Fail-field, Herkimer County, New York; received a limited ed ucation; was a prominent and successful merchant: was a Representative in Congress from New York from 185U until the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, January 30, 1853. Buel, Alexander W.; was born in Rutland County, Vermont, in 1813; graduated at Middlebury College in 1830; taught school for several years in Vermont and New York, during which period he prepared himself for the practice of the law; in 1834 took up his residence in Michigan; in 1836 was At torney for the city of Detroit; in 1837 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1843 and 1844 was Prose cuting Attorney for Wayne County; in 1847 was again elected to the Legislature; from 1849 to 1851 was a Representative in Congress from Michigan, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Died in Detroit, April 17, 1878. Buffing"ton, Joseph ; was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Buffington, Joseph ; was appointed Chief Jus tice of the United States Court in Utah, in 1850, and was the first who held that position. Buffinton, James; was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, March 16, 1817; educated at the Friends College, Providence; served, for a time, in a factory at Fall River; studied medicine: went upon a whaling voyage ; afterwards became a merchant by occupation; was Mayor of the city of Fall River dur ing the years 1854 and 1855; was elected a Represent ative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts; in March, 1867, was ap pointed, by President Johnson, a Collector of In ternal Revenue for Massachusetts ; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty -third, and Forty- fourth Congresses. Died at Fall River, Julv 7, 1875. Buffum, Joseph, Jr.; was born in Fitchburg r Massachusetts, September 23, 1784; graduate I at Dartmouth College in 1897; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy De partment and on Public Buildings. Bugg, Robsrt M.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from. 1853 to 1815. Bull, John ; was a Delegate from South Carolina, to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787. Bull, John; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1833 to 1835. Bullard, Henry Adams ; was born in Groton, Massachusetts, September 9, 1781; was educated at Harvard University, and graduate 1 in 1807; was a lawyer by profession; his knowledge of the modern languages brought him in contact with General Toledo, in Philadelphia, who was organizing an ex pedition to revolutionize New Mexico; joined him as his Aid and Military Secretary; spent the winter of 1812 with him at Nashville, and accompanied hi in into New Mexico in the spring. They were defeated by the royal troops, in a pitched battle, at S.in An tonio, and suffered severe hardships; he managed to reach Natchitoche^. and there remained and com menced the practice of his profession; in 182:2 was- elected to a scat on the District Bench, and performed its duties for several years; in 1831 was chosen a Representative in Congress from Louisiana, and served until 1834; was then elevated to the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and filled the office until 18 16, with the exception of a few months in 1839, when he acted as Secretary of State; then removed to New Orleans; in 1847 was appointed Professor of the Civil Law in the Law School of Louisiana, and delivered two courses of lectures; in 1850 was elected to the Legislature; a few weeks later was chosen to till a vacancy in Congress occasioned by the resignation of C. M. Conrad, and served again in the House of Rep resentatives one year; on his return journey home ward was prostrated by fatigue and exposure ;. lingered three weeks, and died in New Orleans, April 17, 1851. Bullitt, Alexander Scott ; was born in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1761; emigrated to Kentucky in 1784; was a Delegate to the Constitu tional Convention of 1792; was President of the Ken- | tucky Senate for several years; in 1799 was President of the Convention to amend the State Constitution; Lieutenant-Governor from 1800 to 1804; again in the Legislature until 1808. Died in Jefferson County, Kentucky, April 13, 1816. Bullitt, G-eorg-e ; was born in Kentucky; was a. Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 69 Missouri, appointed by President Madison in 1814, "holding the office until the establishment of the State Government. Bulloch, James R.; was a native of Rhode Island; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that District. Bulloch, William B ; was born in Georgia in 1776; was a lawyer by profession, being a prominent member of the bar as early as 1800; in 1809 was Mayor of Savannah, and subsequently Collector of that port; was United States Senator from Georgia in 181:}, by appointment, but was superseded by W. B. Bibb; in 1816 was chosen President of the Bank of Georgia, of which he was one of the founders, and held the office twenty-seven years. Died in Savan nah, Georgia, March 6, 1852. Bollock, Alexander Hamilton; was born at Royalston, Massachusetts, March 2, 1816; graduated at Amherst College in 1836; was admitted to the bar in 1841; was a member of the Legislature in 1845, 1847, 1848, 1861, and 1862; State Senator in 1849; Commissioner of Insolvency in 1853; Judge of In solvency from 1856 to 1858; Mayor of Worcester in 185!) ; Governor of Massachusetts from 1866 to 1869; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard Uni versity in 1866; published several addresses and speeches. Bullock, Archibald; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress froin 1775 to 1776. Bullock, Rufus B.; was elected Governor of Georgia in 1869, and remained in office until 1872. Bullock, Stephen; was born in Massachusetts in 1735; was a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of that State; frequently served in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1797 to 1799; subsequently became Judge of the Common Pleas for Bristol County; served in the State Senate, and as a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts. Died in 1816, in Massachusetts, aged eighty-one years. Bullock, Wingfield ; was elected a member of the Kentucky Senate from Shelby County from 1812 to 1814; resigned in 1813; was elected a Represent ative in Congress from. Kentucky for the years 1820 and 1821. Died October 13, 1821, before taking his seat. Bunch, Samuel; was born in 1786; commanded a regiment in the Indian War, under General Andrew Jackson, and, in the charge of the battle of the Horseshoe, was the first or second man over the breastworks of the enemy; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1833 to 1837. Died in Granger County, Tennessee, September 5, 1849. Bundy, HezekiahS.; was born in Marietta, Ohio, J August 15, 1817; received a common-school educa- ! tion; his father having been killed by the falling of a tree when he was a mere boy, he took upon hiin- self the support of the family; was in the mercantile business as clerk and proprietor from 1835 to 1846; after that turned his attention to farming, and in 1854 became connected with the furnace business; tluring all these avocations he studied law, and came to the bar in 1850; was elected to the State Legisla ture in 1848; re-elected in 1850; in 1855 was chosen a Ktate Senator; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in ldG4 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Weights and Mjasures; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866; was elected to the Forty-third Con gress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Bundy, Solomon; was born at Oxford, Chen- ango County, New York, May 22, 1823; received an academic education and taught school several years; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and began to practice at Oxford; was District Attorney of Chenango County from 1862 to 1H65; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Bunn, Romanzo ; was born at South Hartwick, New York, September 24, 1829; in 1832 removed with his parents, to Western New York, and resided on a farm until sixteen years of age; during this period attended the common schools; taught school in the winter and attended Springville Academy in the spring and fall, thereby acquiring a good educa tion; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853, and engaged in practice at Ellicottville, New York; in 1854 removed to Galesville, Wisconsin, where he continued the practice of law; in 1859 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1861 re moved to Sparta, Wisconsin; was elected Circuit Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit for the term of six years, and was re-elected; in 1877, before the ex piration of his second term, was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Wis consin, and removed to Madison, Wisconsin. Bunner, Rudolph ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1827 to 1829. Died at Otsego, July 23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years. Bunnell, Frank C.; was born in Washington Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1842; his father was a farmer and the son worked on the farm, attending school in the winters, until sixteen years of age, when he was sent to Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pennsylvania; at the breaking out of the Civil War he left the Seminary and en listed in the Union Army as a private of the Fifty- second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers; was made Quartermaster s Sergeant in 1852; losing his health he was discharged from the service in 1863; and, in 1864, engaged in mercantile pursuits at Washington, Pennsylvania; in 1865 removed to Timkhannock, Pennsylvania, where he continued in trade until 1870 ; at that time he engaged in banking, farming, and other enterprises; in 1864 was elected Treasurer of Washington Township for one year; in 1872 was elected a Representative in Congress for the unexpired term of Ulysses Mercur; in 1875 was elected President of Wyoming County Agricultural Society and continued to be re-elected each year; was a member of the Board of Education from 1881 to 1884; in 1881 was appointed, by the Governor, a member of the Pennsylvania Bi-Centeiinial Associa tion; in 1883 was elected Treasurer of Tunkhannock for one year; was Burgess in 1883 and 1884; in 1884 was elected a Representative froni Pennsylvania to the Forty -ninth Congress. Burchard, Horatio C.; was born in Marshall, Oneida County, New York, September 22, 1825; graduated at Hamilton College, New York, in. 1850; studied law; engaged in mercantile business; was School Commissioner in Stephenson County, Illinois, from 1857 to 18oO; was a member of the Legislature in 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1866; was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, and was re- elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the 70 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Committee on Ways and Means; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; in February, 1879, was ap pointed Director of the United States Mint. Burchard, Matthew; was born in Massachu setts; in 1840 was appointed Solicitor of the Treas ury, remaining in office until 1841. Burchard, Samuel D.; was born in Leyden, Lew is County, New York, July 17, 1836; removed, with his father, to Wisconsin in 1845; was educated at Madison University, in New York, but was pre vented from graduating on account of his health ; en gaged in the manufacturing of woolen goods; was a Lieutenant in the Missouri Militia during the Rebel lion; was appointed a Captain in the Volunteer ser vice, and as Quartermaster was assigned to duty in New York, where he had charge of the purchase of forage for the seaboard armies; was mustered out of service as a Major; returned to Wisconsin; was elected to the State Senate in 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the For ty-fourth Congress. Burd, George ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1835. Died at Bed ford, Pennsylvania, January 13, 1844, aged fifty years. Burdett, Samuel S.| was born in Leicestershire, England, February 21, 1836; emigrated to Ohio in 1848; was educated at Oberlin College; removed to Clinton County, Iowa, in 1857; studied law, and came to the bar in 1858; in 1861 entered the Volun teer Army as a private, and before the close of his term of enlistment, in 1864, was promoted to Cap tain; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 from Iowa; in 1865 emigrated to St. Clair County, Missouri; in 1866 was made Circuit Attorney for the Seventh Ju dicial District; was a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1868; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor, and Elections; in 1874 was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in Washington. Burdick, Theodore "Weld ; was born at Evans- burg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1836; received an academic education; in 1853 re moved, with his parents, to Decorah, Iowa; was Dep uty Treasurer and Recorder of Winnishiek County from 1854 until 1857, and Treasurer and Recorder from 1857 until 1862, when he resigned to recruit a company for the Union Army; was commissioned a Captain, and served throughout the war; after being mustered out returned to Decorah and became cashier of the First National Bank of that place; was elected a Representative from. Iowa to the Forty-fifth Con gress. Burges, Tristam ; was born in Plymouth Coun ty, Massachusetts, February 26, 1770; graduated at the Rhode Island College in 1796; studied law and taught school at the same time; commenced the prac tice of his profession in Providence, and acquired great influence and distinction as an advocate; in 1818 was elected Chief Justice of Rhode Island; oc cupied the Chair of Oratory in Brown University; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1825 to 1835; acquired great reputation by a parliamentary contest with John Randolph, and left behind him many interesting pamphlets on political and literary subjects; his characteristics as a debater were withering sarcasm, combined with fervid elo quence and rare reasoning power. Died October 13, 1853. Burgess, Dempsey ; was a member of the Pro vincial Congress of North Carolina ; a Lieutenant- Colonel of the Militia; a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1795 to 1798. Burke, Edarus ; was born in Galway, Ireland, and came to America at the beginning of the Revo lution; in 1778 Avas appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1789 to 1791 ; was an earnest Republican; published a pamphlet against the Order of the Cincinnati; because he would not resign his Judgeship on being elected to Congress, the Legislature passed a law prohibiting any State Judge from leaving the State, and he resigned his seat in Congress. Died at Charleston, March 30, 1802, aged fifty-nine years. Burke, Edmund ; was born in Westminster, Vermont, January 23, 1809; was educated by private tutors; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; removed to New Hampshire in 1833, where he established, in Sullivan County, the New Hampshire Argus, which he edited a number of years; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1839 to 1845, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on the Library, and a member of the Committees on Commerce and Claims; was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, Commissioner of Patents in Washington; was a delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Died January 25, 18o2. Burke, Thomas; was born in Ireland, in 1747; when about seventeen years of age left Ireland and settled in Accomac County, Virginia, where he re sided some years; engaged in the study and practice of medicine; subsequently changed his profession for that of the law; removed to Norfolk and practiced; in 1772 removed to Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina; in 1776 was a member of the Pro vincial Congress at Halifax, and a volunteer at the battle of Brandywine; first attracted public attention in Virginia by his writings in opposition to the Stamp Act, and in North Carolina participated in the forma tion of the Constitution for that State; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1781; in the latter year was chosen Governor of North Car olina; while in that position was seized by the Tories as a prisoner of State, and, being transferred to- Charleston, was sent, by General Leslie, to James Island on parole, where he was detained as a hostage; becoming exasperated, after four months imprison ment, determined to escape, in which purpose lie was successful; addressed a letter to General Leslie, in forming him of his reasons for withdrawing, but con sidered himself subject to the disposal of the British authority ; an exchange was effected, by General Greene, and he returned to his position as Governor; retired from public life the next year. Died near Hillsborough, December 2, 1783. Burleigh, Henry G.; was born at Canaan, Graf- ton County, New Hampshire, June 2, 1832; received a common school. education; removed to Essex Coun ty, New York, in 1846; was Town Supervisor tor several years; removed to Whitehall, New York, in 1866; followed the business of transportation, and a dealer in lumber and iron ore; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1875; was elected a Rep resentative, "from New York, to the Forty-eighth Congress without opposition; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Burleigh, John H.; was born in South Berwick, Maine, October 9, 1822; received an academic educa tion; went to sea at the age of sixteen; commanded a ship on foreign voyages seven years; left the sea in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 71 1853 and engaged in manufacturing; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1862, 1864, 1866, and 1872; Delegate-at-Large to the National Republican Convention at Baltimore in 1864; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Burleigh, "Walter A.; was a Delegate from the Territory of Dakota to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Burleigh, "William ; was born in Rockingham, New Hampshire; became a lawyer; was a Represent ative in Congress, from Soutli Berwick, York County, Maine, for two terms, from 1823 to 1827, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Died in July, 1827. Burling-ame, Anson ; was born in New Berlin, Chenango County, New York, November 14, 1822; his youth was spent on the Western frontiers, at one time acting with surveying parties, and at another participating in the making of Indian treaties, far beyond the confines of civilization; laid the founda tion of his education at the Branch University of Michigan; removing to Massachusetts, entered Har vard University, where he received a degree in 1846; studied law, and practiced in Boston; in 1852 was elected to the State Senate; in 1853 was a member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Mass achusetts; was elected a Representative in the Thir ty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was also re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Austria, and subsequently to China, which latter position he resigned, in 1867, to accept a diplomatic appointment from China to the European Powers, as well as to the United States. Died in St. Petersburg, Russia, February 23, 1870. Burnell, Barker; was a native of Nantucket; when only twenty-two years of age was chosen a member of the House of Representatives in his na tive Commonwealth; a few years later passed into the Senatorial body, where, in spite of his youth, he became a leading member; sat also in the Conven tion which framed the present Constitution of Massa chusetts; took an active part in the Harrisburg Con vention of 1840; served as a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1841 to 1843. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, June 4, 1843, aged forty-five years. Burnes, James N.; was born in Morgan County, Indiana, August 22, 1833, while his parents were en-route from Virginia to Missouri ; received a com mon-school education; studied law, and graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1853; was admitted to the bar in 1854, and engaged in practice at. St. Joseph, Missouri; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; Circuit Attorney in 1857; in 1868 was unani mously elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and served four years; then engaged in railroad con struction and other business; was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Forty-eight Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Burnet, Jacob ; was born in Newark, New Jersey, February 22, 1770; was a graduate of Prince ton College in 1791 ; was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1796, and removed to Cincinnati immediately thereafter, where he con tinued to reside until his death; was a member of the first Legislative Council of Ohio in 1799; during the first twenty years of that residence devoted himself to the practice of his profession, and ranked among the most distinguished members of the bar. When the second grade of the Territorial Government was established, in 1799, was appointed, by President Adams, a member of the Legislative Council, which appointment he held till the establishment of the State Government of Ohio, in the winter of 18()2- 03; was a member of the State Legislature during the War of 1812, and took an active part in sustaining the measures proposed in that body to aid the General Government in maintaining the contest; in 18:21 was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Coui t of Ohio, which commission he resigned in December, 1828; was immediately afterwards elected to the Sen ate of the United States, to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the resignation of his friend, General Harrison, serving until 1831; in the same year was chosen; by the Legislature of the State of Kentucky, one of the Commissioners to settle the matters in controversy between that State and the Common wealth of Virginia, in regard to the complaints of the latter against the statute of limitations; was the first President of the Astronomical Society of Cincinnati, and continued, until 1852, an active member of that organization; was for many years the President of the Colonization Society of Hamilton County, Presi dent of the Board of Trustees of the Medical College of Ohio, and President of the Board of Trustees of the Cincinnati College, and, upon the nomination by Lafayette, had been elected a member of the French Academy; in 1847 published a volume entitled "Notes on the early settlement of the North-western Territory," which contained much interesting infor mation, especially as to Ohio, the progress of which he witnessed from a Territory. Died at Cincinnati in 1853. Burnett, Frank O.; was born in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1842; received an academic education; left college to enlist in the Fifty- second Pennsylvania Volunteers ; was promoted, and, after serving through the peninsular campaign, was discharged in 1863, on a surgeon s certificate of disa bility; was in mercantile pursuits from 1864 to 1869; then engaged in banking; was elected a Representa tive in the Forty-second Congress for the unex;iired term of U. S. Mercur, resigned. Burnett, Henry C.; was born in Essex County, Virginia, October 5, 1825; studied law, and practiced in Kentucky; was Clerk in the Circuit Court of Trigg County, in that State, from 1851 to 1853; was a Rep resentative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty -fifth Con gresses; during the first session of the Thirty-lift h Congress w T as Chairman of the Committee of Inquiry in regard to the sale of Fort Snelling, and a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; re- elected to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Con gresses; was expelled for treasonable conduct in December, 1861, and took part in the Rebellion. Died of cholora near Hopkinton, Kentucky, October 1, 1866. Burnett, Peter H.; was Governor of California; a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State; removed to Oregon among the early settlers; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Oregon. Burnett, "William ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1749; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781. Died in 1791. Burnham, Alfred A.; was born in Windham, Windham County, Connecticut, March 8, 1819: pre pared himself for college at the Sheffield Literary BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Institution ; taught school for a while, and spent one year at Washington College, which he left for want of means ; studied, law. and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; was elected to the Connecticut Legislature in 1844 and 1845; was Clerk of the State Senate in 1847; was subsequently appointed Judge of Probate for the District of Danbury ; in 1850 was again elected to the State Legislature; in 1857 Lieutenant-Go vernor of Connecticut; in 1858 was again elected to the Leg islature, and made Speaker; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Burnham, Curtis F.; was born in Richmond, Kentucky, May 24, 1820; graduated at Yale College in 1840; at the Transylvania Law School in 1842, re ceiving the degree of LL. B. ; adopted the profession of the law; was elected to the State Legislature; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1863: from 1870 to 1875 was Cashier of the Farmers National Bank of Richmond; in April, 1875, was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; in 1846 re ceived the degree of A.M. from Yale College, and in 1873 that of LL.D. from the Central College of Ken tucky. Burns, Joseph ; was born in Waynesborough, Augusta County, Virginia, March 11, 1800; was edu cated at the Ohio Union Schools; was by trade a hat ter, and then a farmer; filled various County and State offices; was elected from the State of Ohio a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Expenditures in the Post Office Department and on Invalid Pensions. Burns, Robert; was born in New Hampshire; serve-l three years in the State Legislature as Senator and Representative; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1833 to 1837. Died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, June 20, 1866. Burnside, Ambrose E.; was born at Liberty, Union County, Indiana, May 23, 1824; graduated at West Point in 1847; served with credit on the frontier as an officer of artillery; in 1853 resigned his commis sion, turned his attention to the manufacture ofguns, and invented the rifle which bears his name; was, for a time, associated with George B. McClellan in busi ness at Chicago, but was a citizen of New York in 1861 ; during the whole progress of the Civil Wai- was constantly on duty, participated in many bat tles; became greatly distinguished, and attained the highest honors and titles of the service; his serv ices as a General will always be treasured in the military history of his country; in 1866 was elected Governor of Rhode Island; in 1875 took his seat in the Senate of the United States for the term ending in 1881, serving on various important committees. Died at his home, September 13, 1881. Eu -nside, Thomas ; was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1816, whe i he resigned. Died at Germantown, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1827. Burr, Aaron; was born in Newark, New Jersey, February 6, 1756; graduated at Princeton College in 1772, at the age of sixteen; in 1775, in his twentieth year, joined the American Army under Washington, at Cambridge; accompanied General Arnold as a private soldier in his expedition against Quebec; after his arrival there acted as an Aid-de-camp to General Montgomery; and, on his return, in 1776, General Washington invited him to join his family at headquarters; some circumstances soon took place by which he forever lost the confidence of Washing ton, and the hostility of the former to the latter, from that time, was undisguised; in 1777 was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, and distinguished himself as an able and brave officer; in March, 1779, he was, on account of the state of his health, compelled to resign his office and retire from military life ; then devoted himself to the study of law; commenced practice at Albany in 1782, but soon removed to the city of New York; became distinguished in his profession; was appointed Attorney-General of New York in 1789; from 1791 to 1797 was a member of the United States Senate, and bore a conspicuous part as a leader of the Democratic or Republican party; at the election of President of the United States for the fourth Presi dential term Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr had each seventy -three votes, and the choice was decided by Congress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in favor of Jefferson for President and Burr for Vice-President; on the 12th of July, 1804, Colonel Burr gave Alex ander Hamilton, long his professional rival and political opponent, a mortal wound in a duel; soon after conceived the project of his enterprise in the Western country of the United States, for which he was at length apprehended and brought to Rich mond, in August, 1807, on a charge of treason, and after a long trial was acquitted; afterwards returned to the city of New York, practiced law to some ex tent, but passed the remainder of his life in com parative obscurity and neglect; he was of small stature, yet had a lofty mien, a military air, a re markably brilliant eye, and a striking appearance; he possessed distinguished talents and many accom plishments. Died on Staten Island, New York, September 14, 1836; his life was published in 1838 by Matthew L. Davis. Burr, Albert G-.; was born in Illinois in 1829; received a good English education; adopted the pro fession of the law; was elected to the Illinois Legis lature in 1861; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1862, and author of the address to the people accompanying the Constitution; re- elected in 1863; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Invalid Pensions, Elections, and War Department; in 1877 was elected Judge of the Seventh Circuit of the State, and was re-elected, in 1879, for the full term of six years. Died at his home in Carrolltou, Illinois, June 10, 1882. Burrell, J. M.; was a native of Pennsylvania, was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Kansas. Burritt, James ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, April 25, 1772; graduated at Brown Univer sity in 1788; studied law, devoted himself to its practice, #nd was Attorney-General of the State of Rhode Island from 1797 to 1813; was a member and Speaker of the Assembly in 1814; was Chief Justice of the State in 1816; was elected to the United States Senate in 1816, and served as a member of the Com mittees on the Judiciary, on Commerce, on Manufac tures, and on Accounts. Died at Washington, before the expiration of his term, December 25, 1820. He was considered an able scholar and a wise judge. Burroughs, Silas M.; was born in New York; served four years in the Legislature of that State; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress from New York, and was a member of the Com mittee on Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress. Died at Medina, New York June 3, 1860. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Burrows, Daniel ; was born in Groton, Connec ticut; was a Representative in Congress from. Con necticut from 1821 to 1823." Burrows, Joseph. H.; was born at Manchester, England, May 15, 1810; emigrated to the United States in his youth; was educated in Illinois and Iowa, finally settling in Missouri; engaged in various pursuits; was a Representative in the State Legisla ture from 1870 to 1874, and from 1878 to 1880; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty- seventh Congress. Burrows, Julius O.; was born in North East, Erie County, Pennsylvania, January 9, 1837; became, by profession, a lawyer; was elected to the Forty- third Congress from the State of Michigan, serving on the Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on the Navy Department; was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- seventh Congress; was also elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Burrows, Lorenzo; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853; in 1855 was elected Comptroller of New York. Burt, Armistead ; was born in South Carolina; received a liberal education ; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1853; during a part of the Thirtieth Congress officiated as Speaker of the House of Representatives; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 18G8. Burt, Francis ; was born in Pendleton, South Carolina, in 1809; received a good education; in 1853 was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, by President Pierce; resigned that office in 1854, to ac cept the Governorship of Nebraska; two weeks after his arrival in that Territory died, at Belle vue, Octo ber 18, 1854. Burton, Allan A.; was a citizen of Kentuckv; in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident to the Re public of Columbia, where he remained until 1867; in 1871 was appointed Secretary to the Commission that visited the Dominican Republic. Burton, Hutchins Gr.; Avas born in Granville County, North Carolina; studied law; in 1810 repre sented Mecklenburg in the State Legislature, and, in 1816, the County of Halifax; was, for several years, Attorney-Gene al of the State; served as a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1819 to 1S24, and was a member of the Committees on the Judiciary and Military Affairs; was elected Gov ernor of North Carolina, from 1824 to 1827. Died in Iredell County, April 21, 1836. Burton, Robert ; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788. Burton, William ; was born in Delaware; was elected Governor of that State in 1859, holding the office until 1863. Barwell, "William A.; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1806 to 1821. Died February 16, 1821, in Washington City, before the expiration of his term. Busby, George H.; was born in Darstown, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1794; in 1810 removed, with his father, to Ohio, where he acquired a knowledge of the cabinet-mak ing business, and devoted himself to farming; in 1824 was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Supreme Court; subsequently a Recorder of Deeds in the County of Marion; was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. Busteed, Richard ; was born in Ireland; became a citizen of New York City; entered into politics; in 18(J4 was appointed United States Judge for the Dis trict "of Alabama, residing in Montgomery. Butler, Andrew Pickens ; was born in Edge- field District, South Carolina, November 19, 1796; raduated at South Carolina College in 1817 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1818; became a member of the Legislature when quite a young man; in 1835 was appointed one of the Judges of the General Ses sions of Common Pleas, which office he held until 18 17, when he was appointed, by the Executive, to fill the vacancy, in the United States Senate, caused by the death of Mr. McDufte; was subsequently elected and re-elected to the same position, and was in this office at the time of his death, which occurred at his home, May 25, 1857; was a statesman of abili ty and influence; was a relative of Preston S. Brooks, and it was because of remarks made about him in debate that Mr. Brooks made a personal assault upon Charles Surnner. Butler, Anthony; was a citizen of Mississippi; from 1829 to 1836 was Charge d Affaires to Mexico, returning to the United States in the latter year. Butler, Benjamin Franklin; was born in Kinderhook, New York, December 14, 1795; studied law with Martin Van Buren, and after his admission to the bar, in 1817, became the law partner of his law preceptor; in 1821 was appointed District Attor ney for the City of Albany ; in 1824 was appointed one of three lawyers to Revise the laws of New York; in 1827 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1829 was appointed a Regent of the New York University, resigning the position in 1832; in 1833 was appointed a Commissioner to settle a dispute be tween the States of New York and New Jersey; in November of the same year went into President Jackson s Cabinet as Attorney-General, and con tinued in the office one year with President Van Buren; from October, 1836, to March, 1837, offici ated as Secretary of War; in 1845 was a Presidential Elector; was, subsequently, twice appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York ; in October, 1858, went to Europe for the im provement of his health, and a few weeks thereafter died at Paris. Butler, Benjamin Franklin ; was born in South Deerfield, New Hampshire, November 5, 1818; graduated at Waterville College in 1838; studied law; on being admitted to the bar settled in Lowell, Mass achusetts, practicing his profession in that city and in Boston; in 1853 was elected to the State Legisla ture; was, subsequently, a member of the Con vention to revise the State Constitution; in 1859 was elected to the State Senate; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention; in 1861 was appointed a Brigadier-General, and entered actively into the war movements; before the close of that year was made a Major-General, serving as such in New Or leans and various other portions of the rebellious States; at the conclusion of the Rebellion resumed the practice of law in Lowell; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ordnance and Appropriations, and as Chairman of the Specia Committee on the Assassination of President Lin 74 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. coin, and was one of the Managers of the Impeach ment Trial of Andrew Johnson; re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on the Judiciary and Reconstruction; was again a Representative in the Forty-fifth Congress; in 1882 was elected Governor of Massachusetts for the term of one year from January, 1883. Butler, Chester ; was born in Wilkesbarre, Lu- zerne County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1798; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1817; read law at the Litchfield School, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; served three terms in the: Legislature of Penn sylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1850, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Died in Philadelphia, October 5, 1850. Butler, David ; was elected the first Governor of the State of Nebraska in 1867, and served one year. Butler, Ezra ; left Weathersfield, Vermont, in September, 1786, and .settled in Waterbury; was a statesman of the Jeffersonian school; was a member of the Assembly eleven years ; member of the Council fifteen years; first Judge of the Chittendon County Court from 1803 to 1806, and Chief Justice from 1806 to 1811; Chief Justice of Jefferson County from 1814 to 1826; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; member of the Vermont Constitutional Con vention in 1822; Governor of that State from 1826 to 1828, making fifty-three years of public service. Died in Waterbury, July 19, 1838, aged seventy- Butler, Josiah ; was born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, in 1780; graduated at Harvard University in 1803; studied law in Virginia, and practiced in his native State; was repeatedly elected to the State Legislature; was a County Sheriff, and a Clerk of the Courts; was elected a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire in 1817, and served in that capacity until 1823, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during the Seven teenth Congress; was then appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, which position he held until the office was abolished. Died at Deer- field, October 9, 1854. Butler, M. C.J was born near Greenville, South Carolina, March 8, 1836; received a classical educa tion; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857, and commenced practice at Edgefield, South Caro lina; was elected a Representative in the State Leg islature in 1860; served in the Confederate Army during the War of the Rebellion, rising from the rank of Captain to that of Major-General; was again in the State Legislature in 1866; was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor in 1870, and for United States Senator in the same year; was elected a Senator of the United States from South Carolina for the term of six years from March 4, 1877, and was re-elected in 1883. Butler, Pierce ; came of the family of the Dukes of Ormond, in Ireland; before the lie volution was Major in a British regiment in Boston, but afterwards attached himself to the republican institutions of America; in 1778 was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the old Congress; in 1788, a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed the same; under it, was one of the first Senators from South Carolina, and re mained in Congress till 1796; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; on the death of J. E. Calhoun^ in 1802, became again a Senator in Congress, but resigned in 1804; was opposed to some of the measures of Wash ington s administration, but approved of the War of 1812. Died at Philadelphia, February 15, 1822, aged seventy-seven. Butler, Pierce M.; was born in Edgefield District, South Carolina, April 11, 1798, wasa Lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry in 1819: Captain in 1825; resigned in 1829 ; was Cashier and then President of the State Bank of Columbia; Lieutenant-Colonel of Goodwin s Mounted Volunteers in the Florida War, in 1836; Governor of South Carolina from 1836 to 1838; United States agent for the Cherokees west of the Mississippi ; was appointed to treat with the Comanche Indians; made Colonel of the Palmetto Regiment in the Mex ican War, in 1846, in which he distinguished him self, and was twice wounded ; was killed at the battle of Churubusco, August 30, 1847. Butler, Roderick R.; was born in Wytheville, Virginia; received a limited education; commenced life as a mechanic; studied law; adopted that pro fession and settled in Tennessee; was a Justice of the Peace; a Major of the Militia; a Postmaster under President Fillmore; served two years in the State Assembly and one in the State Senate; was a County Judge; was a Lieutenant-Colonel daring the Rebel lion; was subsequently Judge of the First Judicial District of the State, holding the office from 1865 to 1867, when he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress; was also Chair man of the Republican State Committee: re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committees on Labor, Indian Affairs, and Elections, and Chairman of that on Militia. Butler, Samson H.; was born in South Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1840 to 1843. Butler, Thomas ; was born in Carlisle, Penn sylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Lou isiana from 1818 to 1821. Died August 14, 1847. Butler, Thomas B.; was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1807; was educated a lawyer; served in the Connecticut Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1849 to 1851. Died in Norwalk, June 8, 1873. Butler, "William; was born in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1759; graduated at South Caro lina College as student of medicine; was a Lieuten ant in Lincoln s army in 1779; was engaged at Stono, and served in the famous corps of Pulaski until the death of the latter; next joined General Pickens; served with General Lee under Greene at the siege of Ninety -Six, and performed other valuable service; commanded a company of mounted rangers, and took part in many conflicts with the Tories; soon after the war was made a Brigadier-General, and, in 1796, Major-General of Militia ; was a member of the United States Congress from 1801 to 1811; was a member of the Convention of 1787 to consider the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and voted against it; was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of South Carolina, and for some years a member of the Legislature; in 1791 was Sheriff, and at one time magistrate; in the War of 1812 commanded the South Carolina troops for State defense. Died in Columbia, South Carolina, Novem ber 15, 1821. He was the father of Senator A. P. Butler and of Pierce M. Butler. Butler, William ; was a native of South Caro lina; graduated at the South Carolina College in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 75 1810; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina front 1841 to 1843; was the brother of the late Senator A. P. Bucler, and his wife was the sister of the late Commodore O. H. Perry. Butler, "William ; was born in Pennsylvania; re ceived a collegiate education; studied law, and en gaged in practice at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; in February, 1879, was appointed United States Dis trict Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Butler, William O.; was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, in 1793; came of a family honor ably identified with the Revolution; was liberally educated ; when the War of 1812 broke out, enlisted as a soldier; was an ensign under General Winches ter, at the battle of the River Raisin; under General Jackson, in the South, attained the rank of Captain; was made a Colonel in 1817; after spending many years in retirement, was elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky in 1839, and re-elected in 1841 ; during the war with Mexico obtained such dis tinction that he was promoted to the position of Major-General in the Regular Army ; a sword was voted to him by Congress, March 2, 1847; when Gen eral Scott was recalled from the City of Mexico, General Butler was left chief-in-command, and an nounced the ratification of the treaty of peace, May 29, 1848; in 1848 was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, on the ticket with Lewis Cass for President; was appointed, by President Pierce, Gov ernor of Nebraska Territory, but declined the ap pointment; was the author of many fugitive pieces of poetry, several of which possess uncommon merit, and one, entitled " The Boat Horn, " attained great popularity; in 1861 was a member of the Peace Con gress held in Washington; his "Life and Public Services," from the pen of F. P. Blair, was published in 1848. Butman, Samuel ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1822, 1826, and 1827; a Representative in Congress from Penobscot County, Maine, from 1827 to 1831, and was a member of the Committee on Internal Improvements; in 1846 was a County Com missioner; in 1853 was again elected to the Legis lature, and made President of the Senate. Died in 1864. Butterfield, Martin ; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture. Butterworth, Benjamin ; was born in Warren County, Ohio, October 22, 1839; adopted the profes sion of the law; was a State Senator in 1873 and 1874; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses; in 1884 was appointed Commissioner of Patents in the Depart ment of the Interior; was again elected a Represent ative in the Forty-ninth Congress. Buttz, Charles "Wilson ; was bora at Strouds- burg, Pennsylvania, November 16, 1837; in 1839 re moved, with his parents, to Belvidere, New Jersey; received an academic education, studied law; entered the Union Army in 1861, as Second Lieutenant, and rose to the rank of Brevet Major; in 1863 resigned because of ill-health, engaged in the practice of law at Norfolk, Virginia; was a Delegate to the Republi can National Convention of 1864: was a Director of the Exchange Bank of Virginia; removed to Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1870; in 1872 was elected Solicitor of the First Judicial Circuit for the term of four years; was a contestant, against E. W. M. Mackey, for a seat as a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; the contest resulted in the seat being declared vacant ; was elected to fill the vacancy. Bynum, Jesse A. ; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina; was educated at Union College, New York; served a number of years in the State Legis lature; was a member of Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1833 to 1841 ; while in Congress he fought a duel with Daniel Jenifer, which terminated harm lessly; at the close of his last term removed to Lou isiana. Bynum, "William D.; was born near Newberry, Greene County, Indiana, June 26, 1846; was edu cated in the common schools, and at the Indiana State University at Blooniington, Indiana, graduat ing from the latter in 1869; in 1864 removed to Bloomfield, Indiana, and became Deputy Treasurer of the county; early in 1869 removed to Terre Haute, Indiana, and studied law; in December of that year, settled at Washington, Indiana, in the practice of law; was City Attorney and City Clerk of Washing ton, Indiana, from 1870 to 1875; in the latter year was elected Mayor of the city, and was re-electe:l in 1877, serving until 1879; in 1875 was appointed one of the Trustees of the State Normal School at Terre Haute, but resigned three months later; was a Presi dential Elector and Secretary of the Electoral College of Indiana, in 1876; removed to Indianapolis in 1881; in 1882 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and, on the assembling of the Legis lature, was elected Speaker; in 1884 was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Forty-ninth Congress; his father was a native of North Carolina, , and settled in Indiana at an early date. Byrd, Charles "W.; was born in Virginia; re ceived a liberal education; settled in Ohio; in 1803 was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States- Judge tor the District of Ohio. Cabell, Edward C.; was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1817; graduated at the University of Virginia; in 1837 removed to the Territory of Flori da, where he settled as a cotton planter; represented the State of Florida in Congress from 1847 to 1853. Cabell, G-eorge C.; was born in Danville, Vir ginia, January 25, 1837; educated at Danville Acad emy until eighteen years of age; then taught school in Henry County, devoting his leisure hours to the study of law; attended the University of Virginia Law School in 1857 and 1858; began to practice at Danville in the latter year, when he was elected At torney for the Commonwealth, which position he held until the commencement of the Civil War; entered the Confederate service in 1861 , raised a company and was made Captain, then Major in the Eighteenth Virginia Infantry, and subsequently Lieutenant- Colonel of the same; participated in most of the bat tles fought by the Northern Virginia Army, begin ning with Mauassas, and was several times wounded; at the end of the war held the rank of Colonel ; al ter the war, resumed the practice of law at Danville; was nominated for Congress by the Conservatives in 1874, and elected as a Representative to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty- ninth Congresses. Cabell, Samuel J.; in the beginning of the War of the Revolution was at William and Mary College, and left there to join the first armed corps raised in Virginia; soon attained the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel in the Continental Army, serving with honor in all the campaigns until the fall of Charleston, 76 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. May 12, 1780, when he became a prisoner; the close of the war restored him to liberty ; for many years was a member of the Virginia Assembly; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1803. Died in Nelson County, Virginia, September 4, 1818, aged sixty-one years. Cabell, William H.; -was Governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808; afterwards President of the Court of Appeals; spent fifty years in public life. Died in Richmond, Virginia, January 17, 1853. Cable, Joseph ; was born in Ohio; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Cabot, George ; was born in Salem, Massachu setts, in 1752 ; employed the early part of his life in foreign commerce; before he was twenty-six years old was elected a member of the Provincial Congress from Massachusetts, where he advocated those prin ciples of political economy for which he was after wards distinguished; was a member of the Conven tion which formed the Constitution of that State, and also of that which ratified the Constitution of the United States, to promote which he made the most strenuous exertions.; from 1791 to 1796 served in the United States Senate, and was one of the most distinguished members of that body ; was a con fidential friend of Washington and Hamilton, to the latter of whom he rendered most important assist ance in forming his financial system; in 1808 was a member of the Council of Massachusetts; in 1814 was a Delegate to the Hartford Convention, and was made President of that body ; after that period, re- 1 tired from public life. Died in Boston, April 18, 1823, aged seventy-two years. Cadwalader, John ; was born in Philadelphia, April 1, 1805; was the son of General Thomas Cad walader, and grandson of General John Cadwalader of the Revolutionary Army; graduated at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania in 1821; studied law and came to the bar in 1825; continued to practice his profession in Philadelphia until 1854, when he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con gress; declined a re-nomination and returned to the practice of his profession; in 1858 was appointed Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Cadwalader, John L. ; was born near Trenton, New Jersey, on an old family estate, in 1837; grad uated at Princeton College in 1856; also at the Law School of Harvard University; was admitted to the bar in New York in 1860, and continued in the prac tice until July 1, 1874, when he was appointed As sistant Secretary of State. Cadwalader, Lambert ; was born in Trenton, New Jersey; commanded a regiment early in the Revolution; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1784 to 1787; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795; he was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died in Trenton, September 12, 1823, aged eighty-two years. Cady, Daniel ; was born in Chatham, Columbia County, New York, April 29, 1773; was bred a shoe maker; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1795, and practiced with success; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817; pre viously served five years in the State Legislature; in 1846 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York, which position he resigned in 1856; was a Presidential Elector in 1856, when he presided over the College; in April, 1858, without a moment s warning, he became totally blind. Died in Johns town, New York, October 31, 1859. Cady, John W.; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1822; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Cag-e, Harry; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi from 1833 to 1835. Cahoon, "William ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; from 1815 to 1820 he was a State Councilor; County Judge for nine years; Lieutenant-Go vernor of Vermont in 1820 and 1821 ; for seven years a member of the State Legislature; a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1829 to 1833. Cain, Richard H.; was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, April 12, 1825; removed to Ohio in 1831, and settled in Gallipolis; received a limited education; entered the ministry at an early age; be came a student at Wilberforce University, at Xenia, Ohio, in 1860; removed to Brooklyn. New York, where he discharged ministerial duties for four years; was sent as a missionary to the freedmen in South Carolina; was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina; was elected a member of the State Senate and served two years: edited a newspaper from. 1868; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving~bn the Committee on Agriculture; was also elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Caine, John T.; was born in the Par sh of Kirk Patrick, Isle of Man, January 8, 1829; received a good education; emigrated to the United States in 1846; settled in Utah in 1852; engaged in various pursuits; was Secretary of the Legislative Council in 1856, 1857, 1859, and 1860; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Conventions of 1872 and 1882; served in the Territorial Council in 1874, 1876, 1880, and 1882; was elected a Regent of the Deseret University in 1876, 1878, 1880, and 1882; was elected Recorder of Salt Lake City in 1876, and re-elected in 1878, 1880, and 1882 ; was elected a Delegate from Utah to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the ineligibility of Delegate-elect George Q. Cannon; re-elected to the Forty -eighth and Forty -ninth Con gresses. Cake, Henry L.; was born in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1827; was educated in the schools of his native town; learned the business of printing at Harrisburg, and settled in Schuylkill County in 1847; was elected Brigadier-General of Militia in 1854; on April 18, 1861, arrived in Wash ington in command of the first five hundred soldiers enlisted to put down the Rebellion, and was quar tered in the Capitol twenty-four hours before any other volunteers had arrived; in May these troops were organized as the Twenty-fifth Regiment Penn sylvania Volunteers, and he was elected its Colonel ; after serving for a time under Generals Stone and Patterson he re-organized his regiment, which became the Ninety-sixth, and continued in the service until 1863, when he resigned; before entering the army, was twice a candidate for the State Senate; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Printing, the Library, the Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of Accounts. Caldwell, Alexander ; was for several years United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia. Died at Wheeling, April 8, 18J9. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 77 Caldwell, Andrew J.; was born at Monte vallo, Alabama; graduated at Franklin College, Tennessee, in 1853; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867; practiced his profession at Nashville, Tennessee; in 1870 was elected Attorney-General for the Criminal District of Nashville and Murfreesboro, and served eight years; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Caldwell, George A.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845, and again" from 1849 to 1851; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Died in Louisville, September 17, 1866. Caldwell, Greene W.; was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, April 13, 1811; studied medicine, and practiced with success; subsequently devoted himself to the law; served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was a member of Congress from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843; was subsequently appointed Superintendent of the United States Mint at Charlotte, which position he resigned; participated in the war with Mexico as volunteer Captain of a company of dragoons. Caldwell, Henry C.; was born in Virginia; re ceived a good education; studied law; emigrated to Arkansas and entered into practice; in 1864 was ap pointed United States District Judge for the District of Arkansas, residing at Little Rock. Caldwell, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1813 to 1817. Caldwell, John C.; was born in Maine; in 1874 was appointed, from that State, Minister Resident to Paraguay and Uruguay, residing at Montevideo; re signed in 1882. Caldwell, John H.; was born in Huntsville, Alabama; studied two years at Bacon College, Har- rodsburg, Kentucky; was a member of the Legisla ture of Alabama in 1857; was admitted to the bar in 1859; was elected Solicitor tor the Tenth Judicial Circuit by the Legislature at the session of 1859; re- elected in 1863; deposed by the Provisional Gover nor in 1865; re-elected the same winter, and was re moved from the office, in 1867, by military authority, for refusing to obey military orders; continued the practice of his profession until elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo lutionary Pensions; re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, and was appointed Chairman of the Com mittee on Agriculture. Caldwell, John W.; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1868 was appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia, but remained in office only about one year. Caldwell, John William ; was born at Russel- ville, Kentucky, January 15, 1838; entered the Con federate Army in 1861, as Captain, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel; in 1866 was elected County Judge of Logan County, Kentucky, and was re-elected in 1870; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fifth, Ferty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses, and de clined a re-nomination. Caldwell, Joseph ; was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, in 1808; was educated at Bethany Academy; studied law; entered public life in 1838, as a member of the State Legislature, where he served a number of years ; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1849 to 1853. Caldwsll, Patrick C.; was a native of South Carolina; a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on Man ufactures. Caldwell, Robert P.; was born in Adair County, Kentucky, December 16, 1821 ; received a public school education; studied law and settled in Tennes see; was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1847, and to the Senate in 1855; was elected Attor ney-General in the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit in 1858; was Major of Infantry in the Confederate service; had his disabilities removed by Act of Congress; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Caldwell, Tod R. ; was born in Morganton, Burke County, North Carolina, in 1818; graduated at the University of that State in 1840 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1842; served in the State Legisla ture from 1842 to 1844; was a State Senator in 1850; Lieutenant-Governor in 1868; in 1872 was elected Governor of the State. Died at Hillsborough, North Carolina, July 11, 1874. Caldwell, "William P.; was born at Christmas- ville, Carroll County, Tennessee, November 8, 1832; educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ken tucky; studied law at Lebanon, Tennessee, and began to practice at Dresden, in that State; was a member of the General Assembly in 1857, and again in 1869; was on the Douglas Electoral Ticket in 1860; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Calhoun, James S.; was born in Georgia; in 1851 was appointed the first Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Calhoun, John; was born in Kentucky; was a lawyer by profession; was for many years a Circuit Judge; in 1820 and 1821 was a member of the legis lature from Ohio County, and in 1829, 1830, and i40, a member of the same from Breckenridge Coanty; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1835 to 1839. The County-seat of McLean County was named for him in 1852. Calhoun, John C.; was born in Abbeville Dis trict, South Carolina, March 18, 1782; was of an Irish family; at the age of thirteen was put under the charge of his brother-in-law, Dr. Waddell, in Columbia County, Georgia; entered Yale College in 1802, and graduated vvitn distinction; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and in 1807 was admitted to the bar of South Carolina; the next year entered the Legislature of that State, where he served for two sessions with ability and distinction; in 1811 was elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817, when he became Secretary of War under President Monroe, and conducted the affairs of that depart ment with energy and ability for seven years; in 1825 was elected Vice- President ; in 1831, upon General Hayne s leaving the Senate to become Governor of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun resigned the Vice-Presi dency, and was elected, by the Legislature of South Carolina, a member of the United States Senate; after the expiration of his Senatorial term, went voluntarily into retirement; upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, assumed the conduct of the State Department, which he held until the close of Presi dent Tyler s administration ; in 1845 was again elected Senator, which office he held until his de cease. From 1811, wlien he entered Congress, until BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. h s death, he was rarely absent from Washington and during the greater part of that period was in thi public service of his State and country. He enterec Congress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the declaration of war of 1812, and had great in fluence in favor of that measure. In the difficulties and embarrassments upon the termination of war, anc the transition to a peace establishment, he took a re sponsible part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was punctual, methodical, and accurate, and hac a liigh regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeavored to preserve and maintain. His connec tion with nullification, his views on the tariff, hi. opinions in regard to slavery, and the many and ex citing questions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the course and molded the opinions of the peo ple of his own State, and of some other Southern States, upon all these subjects. Amid all the strife; of party politics, there always existed between him and his political opponents a great degree of personal kindness. He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving behind him a reputation of one of the greatest and purest of American statesmen. His col lected writings and speeches were published in six vol umes, in 1854 to 1857, accompanied with abiography. Calhoun, JohnE.; was born in 1749; graduated at Princeton College in 1774; studied law, in which profession he became distinguished; was, for many years, in the State Legislature of South Carolina; was a Senator in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1802; was a decided Republican, and sup ported Mr. Jefferson ; was a member of the Commit tee which was instructed to report a modification of the Judiciary system of the United States. Died in Pendleton District, November 3, 1802. Calhoun, Joseph ; was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811. Calhoun, "William B.; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 29, 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814; was bred to the law; was a member of the State Legislature from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for two years; was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1835 to 1843; Pres ident of the State Senate in 1846 and 1847; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851; Bank Commissioner from 1853 to 1855; Presidential Elector in 1844; Mayor of Springfield in 1859. Died in Springfield, Massachu setts, November 8, 1865. Calkin, H. C.; was born in Maiden, Ulster Coun ty, New York, March 23, 1828; received a good edu cation; settled in the city of New York in 1847; was, for five years, employed in the Morgan Iron Works; in 1852 commenced business on his own account, as a dealer in a variety of iron and copper materials, identifying himself with the shipping interests of the country; held no public positions, excepting that of a school officer in his ward; was elected a Represent ative, from New York, to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Calkins, "William H.; was born in Pike County, Ohio, February 18, 1842; adopted the profession of the law; entered the Union Army in 1861, and served almost continuously, until 1865; was State s Attor ney for the ninth Judicial Circuit from 1866 to 1870; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1871 ; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1874; was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty- eighth Congresses. Call, Jacob ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1824 to 1825. Call, Richard K..; was born in Kentucky; having taken an interest in military affairs, became Aid-de camp to General Jackson in 1818; was promoted to Captain soon afterwards, and subsequently was ap pointed Brigadier-General of the Florida Militia; was a member of the Legislative Council of Florida in 1822; a Delegate to Congress from that Territory, from 1823 to 1825; Receiver of Public Money for the Land Office; was Governor of Florida from 18156 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1844. Died at Talla hassee, in September, 1862. Call, "Wilkinson ; was born at Russellville, Lo gan County, Kentucky, January 9, 1834; received a thorough education; studied law, and engaged in its practice; settled in Florida; immediately after the close of the Civil War was elected United States Sen ator from Florida, but was not permitted to take his seat: was elected a United States Senator from Flor ida for six years from March 4, 1879; was re-elected for the term ending March 3, 1891. Callis, John B.; was born in North Carolina, in 1828; emigrated to Tennessee in 1841; from that State went to Wisconsin; entered the volunteer forces during the Rebellion as a Lieutenant, and rose to the rank of Brigadier-General; after the war, settled in Alabama; was commissioned a Colonel in the Regu lar Army; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Enrolled Bills. Calvert, Charles B.; was born in Prince George County, Maryland, August 24, 1808; received his earliest education in Philadelphia; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1827; was, for many years, President of the Maryland Agricultural Society; also of the Prince George County Society, and Vice-Presi dent of the United States Agricultural Society; de voted special attention to the raising of superior breeds of cattle; was elected to the Legislature of Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844; was elected a Rep resentative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, Maryland, May 14, 1864. Calvin, Samuel ; was born in Washingtonville, olumbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30. 1811: at the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, was thrown upon his own resources, and became a school teacher, with the view of supporting his father s family and obtaining the means for a classical edu cation; accomplished these objects; subsequently studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1836, and practiced in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania; in 1848 was elected a member from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-first Congress, and in 1850 declined a re election. Cambell, Alexander ; was born in Virginia in L779; was bred a physician; removed to Kentucky in L785; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in [800; removed to Ohio in 1803; was a member of the Dhio Legislature in 1806; was a Senator in Congress rom that State from 1809 to 1813; served as a State Senator from 1813 to 1823. Died at Ripley, Ohio, November 5, 1857. Cambell, Brookins ; was born in "Washington bounty, Tennessee, in 1808; was, for many years, a meml er of the State Legislature, and in 1845 was inanimously elected Speaker; was an officer in the Quartermaster s Department in the war with Mexico; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress. Died in Washington, Dis- rict of Columbia, December 25, 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 79 Cambreleng, Churchill C.; was born in Wash ington. North Carolina, in 1786; received an academic education at Newberne, in that State; had a special fondness for field sports, but did not let them inter fere with his duties as a clerk in a Carolina store, where he was engaged for two years; removed to New Fork City in 1802, which was afterwards his home, ex cepting the year 1806, when he was a counting-house clerk in Providence, Rhode Island; at an early day engaged in mercantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and traveled extensively over the world; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1839. and officiated as Chairman of the Com mittees on Commerce, Ways and Means, and on Foreign Affairs; in 1840 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia; his reports and political pamphlets were at one time very numerous, one of the former, on Commerce and Navigation, having gone through several editions and been re-published in London; it was while traveling in Europe he re ceived the appointment of Minister, and on his return to the United States he retired to Private life. Died at West Neck, Long Island, April 30, 1862. Camden, Johnson N.; was born in Lewis County, Virginia, (now West Virginia,) in 1828; re ceived a good education; was a cadet at the United States Military Academy, at West Point, from 1846 to 1848; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 18(31; in that year was appointed, and in 1862 was elected, Prosecuting Attorney for Braxton County; became President of the First National Bank of West Virginia in 1862; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1868, and again in 1873; was elected a Senator of the United States from West Virginia, for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Cameron, Angus ; was born in Caledonia, Liv ingston County, New York, July 4, 1826; studied law at Buffalo, and graduated at the National Law School at Ballston Spa, New York; removed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1857; was a member of the State Senate in 1863, 1864, 1871, and 1872; was a member of the Assembly in 1866 and 1867; was Speaker of that body in 1867; was a member of the National Republican Convention at Baltimore in 1864; was a Regent of the University of Wisconsin from 1866 to 1875; was then elected to the United States Senate by Republicans, Democrats, and Liber als, for the term ending in 1881; was re-elected, in 1881, for the remainder of the term ending in 1885, to till the vacancy caused by the death of Matthew H. Carpenter. Cameron, James Donald ; was born at Mid- dletown, Pennsylvania, in 1833; received a classical education; graduated from Princeton College in 1852; became clerk in a bank, and was promoted to Cashier; was President of the Northern Central Railway from 18S6 to 1^74; was a Delegate to the Republican Na tional Convention of 1876; was Secretary of War in 1876 and 1877; in 1877 was elected a Senator of the United States, from Pennsylvania, for the term end ing March 3, 1879, to till the vacancy caused by the resignation of his father, Hon. Simon Cameron; was re-elected for the term of six years from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was again re-elected. Cameron, John A.; was an early emigrant to Florida when it was a Territory; Avas appointed one of the tirst Judges for the United States Court in that Territory. Cameron, Simon; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1799; was left an orphan when only nine years of age; educated him self while pursuing the avocation of a printer, in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and Washington City; when twenty-two years of age edited and pub lished a Democratic journal at the former city; pre viously had charge of a paper, the Pennsylvania In telligencer, at Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in 1832, es tablished the Middletown Bank; devoted much of his attention to the railroad-interests of his native State; before entering Congress was the Cashier of a bank, President of two railroad companies, and Adju tant-General of the State; was first elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he served until 1849; was again elected to the same position in 1857. for the term ending in 18!J3; resigned in 1861; in 1860 was prominently mentioned as a candidate for the Presi dency; in 1861 became Secretary of War under Presi dent Lincoln; in 1862 resigned that position and was appointed Minister to Russia; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; in January, 1867, was again chosen a Senator in Congress, for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Ordnance, and as Chairman of those on Agriculture and Foreign Relations; was re- elected to the Senate for a fourth term, ending in 1870; resigned in 1877. Cameron, "William E.; was elected Governor of Virginia for the term of four years, from January 1882. Camp, John H.; was born at Ithaca, New York, April 14, 1840; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1860; was District Attorney of Wayne County from 1837 to 1870; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Campbell, Alexander; was born in Concord, Pennsylvania, October 4, 1814; received a limited education; as Clerk and Superintendent was engaged in the iron business in several States, when he set tled in Illinois; was twice Mayor of La Salle; served two terms in the Illinois Legislature; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1862; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- fourth Congress. Campbell, David ; was one of the first Terri torial Judges appointed after the adoption of the Con stitution having received his commission from Presi dent Washington in 1790, for the Territory south of the Ohio River; in 1811 received, from "President Madison, the appointment of Judge for the Territory of Mississippi. Campbell, David; was appointed Major of the Twelfth Infantry, July 6, 1812; Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twentieth Infantry, March 12, 1813; resigned January 28, 1814; was Governor of Virginia from 1836 to 1839. Died in Abingdon, Virginia, March 19, 1859, aged eighty years. Campbell, Felix; was born in Brooklyn, New- York, February 28, 1829; attended the common sch ools until twelve years of age, when he entered the office of the Brooklyn Eagle to learn the printer s trade; followed this trade for five years, and then be came an apprentice to the business of engineering and steam -heating; after working for ten years as an employe, engaged in business for himself in the store in which he had learned his trade, and was very suc cessful; in 1856 and 1857 was President of the Board of Supervisors; was, for thirteen years, President of the Board of Trustees of the Widows and Orphans Fund of the Fire Department; for twelve years Pres ident of the Board of Trustees of the Brooklyn Fire Department; became a Director in several corpora- so BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. tions; was, for twelve years, a member of the City Board of Education; was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Campbell, George W.; was born in Tennessee in 1788; graduated at: Princeton College in 1794; re ceived a good education; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, serving during the last two years of his term as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means; was Judge of the United States District Court; was elected Sena tor of the United States in 1811; resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1814; resumed his seat in the Senate the following year, and served until 1818, when he was appointed Minister to Rus sia, where he remained until 18:21; in 1831 was ap pointed one of the Commissioners to settle the claim-; against France. Died at Nashville, Tennessee, Feb ruary 17, 1848. Campbell, Jacob Miller; wa^? born in Somer set County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1821; re ceived a common school education; learned the trade of a printer; engaged in various pursuits; was a Dele gate to the first Republican Convention, held at Philadelphia, in 185(j; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 18(J5, rising to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General; was elected Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania in 1805, and re-elected, serving six years; was a Trustee of the Pennsylvania State Col lege; was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Forty-fifth, Forty-seventh, Forty -eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Campbell, James ; was born in Philadelphia in 1813; was of Irish descent; after receiving a thorough education, studied law, and came to the bar in 1834; practiced his profession in Philadelphia until 1842; in that year was chosen a Judge of Common Pleas, and held the position until 1850; in 1852 was made Attorney-General for the State; in 1853 went into the Cabinet of President Pierce, as Postmaster-Gen eral, where he served until the close of that ad ministration. Campbell, James E.; was born in Middletown, Ohio, July 17, 1843; received an academic education; served in the United States Navy during the Civil War; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and en gaged in the practice of law; was Prosecuting Attor ney of Butler County, Ohio, from 1876 to 1880; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty -eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Campbell, James H.; was born in Williams- port, Lyconiing County, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1820; graduated at the Carlisle Law School; was ad mitted to the bar in 1841; in 1844 was a member of the Whig Convention at Baltimore; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1858 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Elections and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad; in 1864 was appointed, by President Lin coln, Minister Resident to Sweden; in 1866 was made Minister to Bogota. Campbell, John; was born in Virginia; in 1829 was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and remained in office until 1839. Campbell, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1801 to 1811; was Judge of the Orphans Court ia Charles County, where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixty-three years. Campbell, John ; was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1819; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831, and a^iin from 183T to 1815. Died at his residence in Maiiborough District, Soutli Caro lina, May 19, 1845. Campbsll, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1843. Campbell, John Allen ; was born in Salem, Ohio, October 8, 1835; received a common school education; acquired a knowledge of the printing business; at the commencement of the Rebellion entered the Volunteer Army as Second Lieutenant, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, "for cou:-age in the fiekl and marked ability and fidelity" at Rich Mountain, Shiloh, Perryville. Mur- freesborough, and through the Atlanta campaign; in 1866 became assistant editor of the Cleveland Daily Leader; was soon appointed in the Regular Army, and made a Lieutenant-Colonel, se.-viug as Adjutant on the staff of General Scofield; in 1869 was appointed the first Governor of the Territory of Wyoming; re-appointed in 1873; in 1875 was ap pointed Third Assistant Secretary of the Department of State. Campbell, John Archibald; was b^rn in Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia, June 24, 1811; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1826; studied law and came to the bar in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1830; in 1853 was appointed, by Presi dent Pierce, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he resigned in 1861, after the commencement of the Rebellion; was opposed to the secession of Alabama, and in 1864 did all in his power to bring the war to a close; after the war resumed the practice of his profession in the city of New Orleans. Campbell, John GK; was born at Glasgow, Scotland, June 25, 1827; emigrated to the United States in 1841; received a common school education; learned the trade of baker and confectioner at Detroit, Michigan; removed to California in 1849; engaged in various pursuits; went to the Republic of Chili, South America, in 1857, returning to California in 1859; in 1863 settled in the Territory of Arizona; filled various county offices; was a member of the Territorial Council in 1868 and 1874; was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Arizona to the Forty-sixth Congress. Campbell, John H.; was born in Pennsylvania; adopted the profession of the law; settled in Phila delphia, and devoted much attention to politics; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, de clining a re-nomination. Died in Philadelphia, Jan uary 19, 1868. Campbell, John P.; was born in Kentucky; was a member of the State House of Representatives from Christian County, in 1826; a Representative in Congress from Kentucky to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Campbell, John W.; was born in Augusta County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1827; was United States Judge for the District of Ohio. Died September 24, 1833. Campbell, Lewis D.; was born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811; received a BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. HI limited education; was, at an early day, attached to the Cincinnati Gazette as printer and assistant editor; subsequently had the entire control of another politi cal paper; studied law and was admitted to practice; was elected a member of Congress from Ohio in 1848, and was re-elected to each successive Congress, down to the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was contested, and the House of Representatives decided against his claim; during the Thirty-fourth Congress was Chair man of the Committee on Ways and Means; in De cember, 1865, was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister to Mexico; before leaving the country, at tended, as a Delegate, the Philadelphia "National Union," and the Cleveland "Soldiers Convention" of 1866; was subsequently elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving on various Committees. Campbell, Robert B.; was born in South Caro lina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1809; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1837; was subsequently appointed, by President Fillmore, American Consul at Havana, Cuba. Campbell, Samuel; was born in Mansfield, Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823; previously served five years in the Assembly of that State. Campbell, Thomas F.; was a native of South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1834 to 1835. Campbell, Thomas J.; was a native of Tennes see; was a member of Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843; was twice Clerk of the House of Rep resentatives from 1847 to 1850; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1837 and 1841; during the years 1813 and 1814 was an Assistant Inspector-General of Militia. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 13, 1850. Campbell, Thompson ; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853. Died in California, December 7 1868. Campbell, Timothy J. ; was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1840; came to the United State: when rive years old, and settled in New York City; attended the public schools in the city of New York ; learned the printing business, and worked on the leading New York dailies; was employed as a com positor on the Herald when nominated for the State Assembly, in 1867; was elected to the Assembly in 1868, 69, 70. 71, 72, and 73; was re-elected to the Assembly in 1875, and was afterwards elected Justice of the Fifth District Civil Court in New York City served six years in that capacity; in 1883 was re turned to the State Assembly; was nominated for State Senator and elected; in 1885, before his term expired, was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy cre ated by the appointment of S. S. Cox as Minister to Turkey. Campbell, "William B.; was born in Tennessee read law at Abingdon and Winchester, Virginia; cami to the bar in his native State, and was soon after wards chosen Attorney -General for the Fourth Dis trict; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature in 1835; raised a company and served as Captain in the Creek and Florida Wars of 1836; was a Representa tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1837 to 1843 serving on the Committees on Claims, Territories and Military Affairs ; in 1844 was elected Major General of Militia, and was Colonel of the First Regi 6 nent of Tennessee Volunteers in the Mexican War, listinguishing himself at the battles of Monterey ind Cerro Gordo; from 1850 to 1853 was Governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was chosen, by a unanimous vote of the Legislature, Judge of the Circuit Court of Tennessee; in 1862, without solicitation on his )art, was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Briga- lier-General in the Union Army, which he soon re signed on account of ill health ; at the close of the ,var, in 1865, was re-elected a Representative to the rhirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the close of the first session of that Congress, and during the second session was placed on the Committee on the New Orleans Riots. Died in Lebanon, Tennessee, August 19, 1867. Campbell, William W. ; was born in Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 1806 ; graduated at Union College in 1827; studied law with Judge Kent, of New York, and in 1831 commenced the practice of his profession in that city, having previously writ ten and published a history of the Border War of New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year in Europe ; on his return was appointed a Justice of the Superior Court of New York City, and served seven years; was subsequently elected a Judge of the Su preme Court of the State. Canby, Richard S.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Candler, Allen D.; was born in Lumpkin Coun ty, Georgia, November 4, 1834; received a classical education, graduating at Mercer University, Georgia, in 1859; was Professor of Greek and Latin in Clay ton High School, at Jonesboro, Georgia, until the winter of 1861, when he entered the Confederate Army as a private; rose, through the intermediate grades, to the Colonelcy of his regiment; received three wounds, losing an eye before Atlanta; was President of Baily Institute, at Griffin, Georgia, from 1866 to 1870; removed to Gainesville, Georgia, and engaged in the lumber business; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1872 to 1878; State Senator from 1878 to 1880; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Candler, Milton A.; was born in Campbell County, Georgia, January 11, 1837; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1854; studied law; came to the bar in 1856, and settled in Decatur, De Kalb County, where he practiced the profession; was a member of the State Legislature from 1861 to 1863; of the State Constitutional Convention in 1865; elected to the State Senate in 1868 for four years; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty -fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Candler, John W.; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, February 10, 1828; received an academic education; in 1845 entered a counting-house; en gaged in merchandizing and maritime transportation; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1866; was Chairman of the Commissioners of Prisons; was President of the Board of Trade and of the Com mercial Club of Boston; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-seventh Congress. Cannon, G-eorge Q.; was born in Liverpool, England, January 11, 1827; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States; received a good educa tion; learned the art of printing, and became an ed- 82 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. itar; was one of the first emigrants to Salt Lake Utah; was elected a member of the Legislativ Council of Utah in 1865, 1866, 1869, and the thre succeeding years; in 1865 was elected a Eegent of th Deseret University; at a Constitutional Conventior held at Salt Lake City in 1872, was elected a Dele gate to present the Constitution and memorial t< Congress for the admission of the Territory into th Union as a State; was elected Delegate from Utah to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses; re elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses also re-elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, bu was declared ineligible. Cannon, Henry W.; was born at Delhi, Nev York, in 1850; was educated in private schools anc at Delaware Literary Institute of Delhi; in earl;; youth became a clerk, and afterwards Teller in th First National Bank of Delhi, New York; in 1870 ac cepted a position in the Second National Bank of St Paul, Minnesota; in 1871 removed to Stillwater Minnesota, and organized the Lumberman s Nationa Bank, of which he was made Cashier; this position he held for fifteen years; was also Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Stillwater, and Secretary, Treasurer and General Manager of the water and gas companies of the city; in May, 1884, was ap pointed Comptroller of the Currency in the United States Treasury at Washington ; resigned in January, 1886, to accept the position of Vice President of the National Bank of the Republic, of New York City. Cannon, Joseph GK; was born in Guilford, North Carolina, May 7, 1836; adopted the profession of law; w r as State s Attorney in Illinois from 1861 to 1868; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, servin_ on the Committee on Post Graces and Post Roads; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Cannon, Newton ; was born in Guilford Coun ty, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1814 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823; was appointed, by President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners to treat with the Chickasaws; was Governor of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29, 1842. Cannon, William; was born ii. Bridgeville, Delaware, in 1809; was for some years in the State Legislature of Delaware; was State Treasurer, and member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was Gover nor of Delaware from 1864 to 1865. Died in Phila delphia, March 1, 1865. Cantine, John ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but resigned soon after taking his seat, and Josiah Hasbrouck was elected in his place. Caperton, Allen T.; was born in Union, Monroe County, Virginia; graduated at Yale College in 1839; studied and adopted the profession of the law; served in the Legislature of Virginia a number of years; in 1861 was a member of the State Convention, to con sider the impending troubles, and took the side of the Union, but when the State went out of the Union sided with the South; in 1863 was elected to the Con federate Senate; was pardoned by President Johnson after the war; sub icquently devoted his attention to his profession, and certain mining interests; in 1875 was elected a Senator in Congress from West Virginia for the term ending in 1881. Died July 25, 1876. Caperton, Hugh ; was born in Virginia in 1780; was a farmer by occupation; was for many years a member of the State Legislature; was a Represent ative in Congress from the Greenbrier region of Virginia from 1813 to 1815. Died in Monroe County, Virginia, February 9, 1847. He was the father of Allen T. Caperton. Capron, Horace ; was born in the State of New York; after receiving a scientific education, turned his attention to manufacturing; was appointed to the charge of a factory in Maryland ; subsequently turned his attention to a model farm; in 1854 removed to Illinois, and devoted him.self, successfully, to the breeding of Devon cattle; served in the army during the Rebellion, and became a Brigadier-General; in 1868 was appointed Commissioner of Agriculture; in 1871 was invited, by the Japanese Government, to take charge of certain agricultural experiments and improvements in Japan, where he remained four years; returned to the United States in 1875, bring ing with him flattering testimonials from the Emperor of Japan; settled in the City of Washing ton. Died February 23, 1885. Carey, George ; was a native of Charles County, Maryland; removed to Georgia; was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1823 to 1827. Died in Upson County in 1844. Carey, Jeremiah E.; was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 30, 1803; commenced active lii e in the State of New York, by working on a farm and in the tannery of an uncle ; received a good common school education, which he paid for by his own exertions as a teacher; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; was elected to Congress from Cherry Valley County, in 1842; after the expiration of his term as a Representative, removed to the city of New York, where he engaged in the practice of his profession; held many important local offices con nected with the cause of education. Carey, John; was born in Monongahela County, Virginia, April 5, 1792; removed, with his parents, to the Northwest Territory in 1798; from that period until 1812, labored with his father in the tanning ausiness; in 1814, assisted in building the first stone louse in Columbus ; devoted himself to the various em ployments of carpentering, milling in its various tranches, and farming; in 1825, was elected an As sociate Judge, which office he held for seven years; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1828, 1836, and 1843; was elected a Representative from Ohio to he Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Carey, Joseph M.; was born in Sussex County, Delaware, January 19, 1845; his early education was cquired in the common schools; then attended Fort idward Collegiate Institute, and Union College, New York; studied law at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ind was admitted to the bar in 1867; the same year graduated from the Law Department of the University f Pennsylvania; settled in Wyoming Territory in he business of stock-raising; was appointed United States Attorney for the Territory of Wyoming in 869; resigned in 1871, to accept the appointment of Lssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming, vhich office he held until 1876; was a member of the Jnited States Centennial Commission from 1872 to 876; was Mayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming, from 1881 o 1885; in 1884 was elected a Delegate from Wyorn- g Territory to the Forty -ninth Congress. Carleton, Ezra C.; was born at St. Clair, Michi- au, September 6, 1838; received a good common chool education; engaged in the mercantile business t Port Huron, Michigan, in 1862, and pursued it BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 83 with success; was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elect ed to the Forty-ninth Congress. Carlile, John S.; was born in Winchester, Fred erick County, Virginia, December 16, 1817; was edu cated by his mother until fourteen years of age; then went into a country store as salesman and clerk ; at the age of seventeen commenced business for him self; at the same time read law; was admitted to the bar in 1840, and settled in Beverly, Randolph Coun ty, in 1842, to practice; was elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served until 1851; in 1850 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Vir ginia; in 1855 was elected a Representative in Con gress; in 1861 was elected a Representative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was soon afterwards transferred to the Senate, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Territories; his term expired in 1865. Carlisle, John Grifnn ; was born in Campbell (now Kenton) County, Kentucky, Septembers, 1835; received a common school education; taught school for a time; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and commenced practice; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1859 to 1861; was elected a State Senator in 1866, and re-elected in 1869; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1868: resigned his seat in the State Senate in 1871, upon his election to the office of Lieutenant-Governor, in which position he served four years; was elected a Representative, from Ken tucky, to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; in December, 1883, was elected Speaker of the House ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress and re-elected Speaker. Carlton, Peter; was a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809. Carnaack, Samuel W.; was born in Davidson County, Tennessee, January 9, 1802; studied law; settled at Fayetteville in 1824; in 1838 went to Flor ida for his health and settled there; in 1842 was ap pointed a Territorial Judge; in 1846 Judge of the Southern Judicial District of the State, which office he declined. Died December 18, 1849. Carmichael, T ?hard B.; was a native of Maryland; graduate,! at Princeton College in 1828; studied law; was a Representative from Maryland in the Twenty-third Congress; was President of the Courts of Queen Anne County, Maryland, in 1861. Carmichael, William; was a native of Mary land; in 1776 aided Mr. Deane, the American Minis ter at Paris, in his correspondence; went to Berlin to communicate to the King of Prussia intelligence con cerning American commerce, and assisted the Ameri can Commissioners in Paris; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780 ; was Secre tary of Legation during Mr. Jay s mission to Spain; remained as Charge <V Affaires after Mr. Jay left in 1782; receiving a commission in 1790, retained the office for about fifteen years; in 1792 was authorized, jointly with William Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the navigation o" the Mississippi River. Died in 1795. Carnes, Thomas P.; was born and educated in Maryland; studied law, and settled in Georgia; was there successively Solicitor-General, Attorney-Gen eral, and Judge of the Supreme Court; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Georgia from 1793 to 1795. Died at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822. Carney, Thomas; was a Governor of Kansas "from 1861 to 1864. Carpenter, Cyrus Clay ; was born in Harford, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1829; received an English education; in his eigh teenth year began to teach school ; removing to Ohio, folio we 1 the same occupation there; in 1854 emigrated to Iowa, traveling the entire distance on foot; at Fort Dodge found employment As an assistant surveyor; in 1857 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1861 entered the army, and as Brevet-Colonel rendered important service during the war; in 1866 was elected Register of the State Land Office at Des Moines, and was re-elected; in 1871 was elected Governor of Iowa; in January, 1876, was appointed Second Comptroller of the Treasury Department at Washington; resigned in 1877; was a State Commissioner of Railroads in 1878; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Carpenter, Davis ; was born in Walpole, Chesh ire County, New Hampshire, December 25, 1799; re ceived an academic education ; studied medicine, and took the decree of M.D. at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1824; removed to the State of New York in 1825, and there attained the position of Colonel of a rifle corps; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 1855, in place of A. Boody, resigned ; was subsequently devoted to his profession and to surveying. Carpenter, George Moulton ; was born at Portsmouth, Rhode Island, April 22, 1844; studied in the public schools in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, and was graduated from. Brown University, at Providence, September 7, 1864; was, for a time, employed as a reporter for the Providence Evening Press, the Providence Daily Journal, and in the courts; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1867, and engaged in the practice of law at Providence, Rhode Island; on July 1, 1880, was ap pointed, by the Governor, one of a Board of Commis sioners to revise the laws of Rhode Island; in April, 1882, was elected, by the General Assembly of Rhode Island, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State; in January, 1885, was appointed, by President Arthur, United States District Judge for the District of Rhode Island, and resigned his position on the State Supreme Bench. Carpenter, Levi D.; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1843 to 1845, in the place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. Carpenter, Lewis Cass ; was born in Putnam, Connecticut, February 20, 1836; received a common school education; removed to New Jersey, where he taught school for several years; studied law and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced; was for several years connected with New York papers; re moved to Washington in 1864, and was appointed to a position in the Treasury Department; was corres pondent for several newspapers; assisted in estab lishing the first daily paper in South Carolina, The Charlestown Republican, in 1868, and removed therein 1870 to become one of its editors; established The Daily Union in 1870; was elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill the unexpired term of Robert B. Elliott, resigned. Carpenter, Matthew H.; was born in More- town, Vermont, in 1824; became the adopted son of Paul Dillingham in his twelfth year; spent two years, 1853 and 1854, at the West Point Academy; studied law, and on adopting the profession, removed to Wis consin; was, for several years, a District Attorney for the State, and practiced his profession before the Supreme Court of the United States; was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, for the term. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. commencing ill 18,>9 and ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Patents, and Re vision of Laws ; also served as President pro tan of the Senate; was again elected United States Senator in 1878 for the term ending in 1885. Died at Wash ington City, February 24, 1881. Carr, Dabney S.; was a native of Baltimore; was several years Naval Officer of that port; was United States Minister to Turkey from 1843 to 1849. Died <at Charlottsville, Virginia, March 24, 1854, aged fifty-one years. Carr, Francis ; was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1811; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged sixty-nine years. Carr, James ; served three years in the Massa chusetts Legislature from Bangor; was a Representa tive in Congiess from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. Carr, John; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Died in Clark county, Indiana, January 20, 1845. Carr, Nathan T.; was born in Steuben county, New York, December 25, 1833; studied law, and commenced practice in 1858; removed to Michigan in 1854; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1858; in 1800 was elected Recorder of Midland County; entered the Union Army in 1861, as First Lieutenant; resigned in 1862; removed to Indiana in 1863; in 1862 was elected Circuit Prose cutor; was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Forty-fourth Congress to till the vacancy caused by the death of M. C. Kerr. Carring ton, Edward ; was born in Virginia, February 11, 1749; was an efficient officer during the Revolution: was for some time Quartermaster-Gen eral of the Army under General Greene, in the South, and greatly contributed to the advantage gained over the enemy; was afterwards attached to the Army of the North, but previously to the evacuation of Charles ton resumed his former station; was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Virginia, from 1785 to 1786; was foreman of the jury which tried Aaron Burr for treason. Died October 28, 1810. Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton ; was born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of September, 1737; was descended from a respectable Irish family ; was of the Roman Catholic faith, and inherited a very large estate ; at an early age was sent to St. Oiaer to be educated; afterwards removed to Rheims; after having studied civil law in France he went to Lon don and pursued the study of common law at the Temple; returned to America at the age of twenty- seven ; soon became known as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest political writers of Mary land ; in 1776 was elected a Delegate to the old Con gress, and subscribed his name to the Declaration of Independence; at the time of his death was the last surviving signer of that document; in 1778 left Con gress, nnd devoted himself to the councils of his native State; in 1789 was elected a Senator to the new Con gress; in 1810 quitted public life, and passed the re mainder of his days in tranquility, beloved and re vered by his friends and neighbors and honored by his country ; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; was ever con sidered a model of regularity in conduct and sedate- ness in judgment. Died in Baltimore, November 14, 1832. Carroll, Charles H.; was born in Maryland was a member of the Assembly of the State in 1836; a State Senator in 1837; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1843 to 1847; was a law yer by education, but, instead of practicing, devoted his whole time to managing a large estate in the Gen- essee country. Died in Groveland, Livingston County, New York, in 1865, aged seventy-one years. Carroll, Daniel ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784; signed the Articles of Confederation and also the Constitution; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1791; was in that year appointed Commis sioner for Surveying the District of Columbia; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov ernment on the Potomac. Carroll, James ; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Carroll, John Lee; was bom at Homewood, near Baltimore, Maryland, in 1830; was a grandson of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton; was educated at the Roman Catholic Colleges, of Georgetown, District of Columbia, Emmettsburg, Maryland, and at the law school of Harvard University; came to the bar in 1851; went to New York in 1859, and was for a time United States Commissioner in that city; returned to Baltimore in 1862; was elected to the State Senate in 1867, and again in 1871 ; in 1875 was elected Gov ernor of Maryland; the year that he entered upon his duties as such was the one hundredth after the date that his grandfather signed the Declaration of Inde pendence. Carroll, John M.; was born in Springfield, New York, April 27, 1825; received an academic educa tion; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, in 1846; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848; was elected District Attorney of Fulton County in 1859, and held that office three years; was elected to the Forty-second Congress. Carroll, T. K.; was elected Governor of Maryland in 1830 and 1831. Carroll, William ; was born in Pittsburg, Penn sylvania in 1788 ; was engaged in the hardware business in that town, whence he emigrated to Nashville Ten nessee ; his fitness for military service attracted the at tention of General Jackson, and he made him Captain and Brigadier-Inspector in his Division of the army, February 20, 1813; was Colonel and Inspector-Gen eral from September, 1813, to May, 1814; in 1813 fought a duel with Jesse Benton, a brother of Colonel Thomas H. Benton; distinguished himself at Euoto- chopco; was wounded in the battle of the Horse-Shoe Bend of Tallapoosa River, March 27, 1813; was Ma- jor-General of Tennessee Militia, November 13, 1814, to May 13, 1815; distinguished in the defense of New Orleans, and especially in the battle of January 8, 1815; was governor of Tennessee from 1821 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1835. Died in Nashville, March 22, 1844. Carson, Samuel P.; was born at Pleasant Gar den, Burke County, North Carolina; was, for several years, a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1825 to 1833; he killed Doctor Robert B. Vance in a duel in 1827; at the close of his services in Con gress removed to Arkansas, where he died in Novem ber, 1840. Carter, Harley H.; was born in New York; re moved to Michigan, from which State he was ap- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 85 pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Arizona. Carter, John ; was born on Black Eiver, Sumter District, South Carolina, September 10, 1792; gradu ated at South Carolina College, Columbia; was a law yer by profession; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1829, when he declined a re-election; his residence was in Camden, but he removed to Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1836, where he remained until his death, which occurred June 20, 1850. Carter, Luther C.; was born in Bethel, Oxford County, Maine, February 25, 1805; received an aca demic education; settled in New York City, and de voted himself to mercantile pursuits with success; was, for some years, a member of the Board of Edu cation in that city; retired from business and settled on a farm on Long Island ; was elected a Represent ative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia. Carter, Timothy J.; was educated for the legal profession; was Secretary of the Maine Senate in 1833; County Attorney from 1833 to 1837; was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to the date of his death, which occurred at Wash ington, March 14, 1838. Carter, William B.; was born in Tennessee in 1812; was a member of the House and Senate in the State Legislature; President of the Constitutional Convention; from 1835 to 1841 a Representative in Congress from his native State. Died in Carter County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. Cartter, David K.; was born in New. York; was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio| from 1849 to 1853; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lin coln, Minister to Bolivia; was subsequently appoint ed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Caruthers, Robert L.; was born in Smith County, Tennessee, July 31, 1800; obtained the rudi ments of an English education by his own unaided exertions; from 1816 to 1818 was clerk in a store; subsequently improved his education at Woodward Academy and Greenville College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1823; served one year as Clerk in the Legislature of Tennessee; returning to his native county, was appointed Clerk of the Chancery Court there; edited a paper for one year; settled in Wilson County in 1826, and was soon afterwards elected State Attorney, holding the office five years; in 1834 was elected a Brigadier-General of Militia; was a member of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835; was a Presidential Elector in 1845, declining to run for Governor; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1841 to 1843, declining a re-election; in 1852 was called to a seat on the Supreme Bench of Tennessee, holding the position many years; was a Delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861. Died October 4, 1882. Caruthers, Samuel; was born in Madison County, Missouri, October 13, 1820; was educated at Clinton College, Tennessee; was a lawyer by profes sion; was elected a member of the House of Repre sentatives in Congress, from Missouri, from 1853 to 1859. Died at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, July 20, 1860. Gary, George B.; was a member of Congress from the Petersburg District, Virginia, in 1842 and 1843. Died in Southampton County, Virginia, March 5, 1850. Cary, Samuel F.; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 18, 1814; passed his early Hie on a farm; graduated at the Miami University in 1835, and at the Cincinnati Law School in 1837; practiced law until 1845, when he retired to a farm; was for many years a warm advocate of the cause of Temperance; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor, and Weights and Measures; was the only member of his party who voted against the Impeach ment of President Andrew Johnson. Gary, Shepard. ; was a merchant and farmer; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, from 1839 to 1842, in 1843, and from 1848 to 1854; was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1844 to 1845, and served as a member of the Committee on Claims; in 1836 was a Presidential Elector. Died in Maine, in August, 1866. Case, Charles ; was born at Austinburg, Ashta- bula County, Ohio, December 21, 1817; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative, from Indiana, in the Thirty -fifth Congress; was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Case, "Walter; was born in Dutchess County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 18:21. Casey, Joseph; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851; in 18i>3 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims. Casey, Levi ; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1803 to 1807. Died Feb ruary 1, 1807. Casey, Samuel L.; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress; was subsequently appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain national interests in the South-western States. Casey, Zadoc ; was born in Georgia; on remov ing to Illinois, was a Representative in Congi ess from that State from 1833 to 1843; also held the office of Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and was a member of one of the State Constitutional Conventions. Died at Caseyville, Illinois, in 1862, aged sixty-six years. Caskie, John S.; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1851 to 1855, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died in Richmond, Virginia, December 15, 1869. Cason, Thomas J.; was born in Union County, Indiana, September 13, 1828; was educated at com mon schools; worked on a farm; when seventeen years of age commenced teaching school and reading law; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in M ay, 1852, and continued to practice at Lebanon, except when on the Bench; was a member of the Legislature in 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864; of the State Senate in 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867; was appointed Judge of Common Pleas in 1867, and- re-elected to the same office for a term of four years; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Revision of Laws. 86 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Cass, Lewis ; was born in Exeter, New Hamp shire, October 9, 1782; having received a limited education at his native place, at the early age of sev enteen he crossed the Allegheny Mountains on foot, to seek a home in the "Great West," then an almost unexplored wilderness: settled at Marietta, Ohio; studied law, and was successful; elected at twenty- five to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill which arrested the proceedings of Aaron Burr, and, as stated by Mr. Jefferson, was the first blow given to what is known as Burr s Conspiracy; in 1807 was appointed, by President Jefferson, Marshal of the State, and held the office until the latter part of 1811, when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on the frontier; was elected Colonel of the Third Regi ment of Ohio Volunteers, and entered the military service of the United States at the commencement of the War of 1812 ; having, by a difficult march, reached Detroit, he urged the immediate invasion of Canada, and was the author of the proclamation of that event; was the first to land in arms on the ene my s shore, and, with a small detachment of troops, fought and won the first battle, that of the Tarontoe ; at the subsequent capitulation of Detroit he was ab sent on important service, and regretted that his command and himself had been included in that ca pitulation; liberated on parole, he repaired to the seat of Government to report the causes of the dis aster and the failure of the campaign; was imme diately appointed a Colonel in the Regular Army 1 , and soon after promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General, having in the meantime been elected Major- General of the Ohio Volunteers; on being exchanged and released from parole, he again repaired to the frontier, and joined the army for the recovery of Michigan; being at that time without a command, he served and distinguished himself, as a volunteer Aid-de-Camp to General Harrison, at the battle of the Thames; was appointed, by President Madison, in October, 1813, Governor of Michigan: his position combined, with the ordinary duties of chief magis trate of a civilized community, the immediate man agement and control, as Superintendent, of the rela tions with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in that region of country ; conducted with success the affairs of the Territory, under embarrassing circum stances ; under his sway peace was preserved be tween the whites and the treacherous and disaffected Indians, law and order established, and the Territory rapidly advanced in population, resources, and pros perity; held this position until July, 1831, when he was, by President Jackson, made Secretary of War; in the latter part of 1836 President Jackson ap pointed him Minister to France, where he remained until 1842, when he asked to be recalled, and re turned to this country; in January, 1845, was elected, by the Legislature of Michigan, to the Senate of the United States, which position he resigned on his nom ination, in May, 1848, as a candidate for the Presi dency by the political party to which he belonged; after the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected him to the Senate, for the unexpired por tion of his original term of six years; when Mr. Buchanan became President, he invited General Cass to the head of the Department of State, which posi tion he resigned in December, 1860 ; he devoted some attention to literary pursuits, and his writings, speeches and State papers would make several vol umes, among which is one entitled "France, its King, Court, and Government," published in 1840. Died in Detroit, June 17, 1866. Cass, Lewis, Jr.; w.?s born in Detroit, Michi gan ; the noted Governor and Cabinet Minister bear ing the same name was his father; was liberally edu cated; in 1849 was appointed Charge d" 1 Affaires to the Papal States, and in 1854 was promoted to the rank of Minister Resident; remained in Italy until 1858. Cassedy, George ; was born in Bergen County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1821 to 1827. Died in Hackensack, New Jersey, December 31, 1842, aged fifty-eight years. Casserly, Eugene ; was born in Ireland, in 1822; came to this country with his parents in 1824; studied law, and came to the bar in New York City; relinquished his profession, and engaged in journal istic labors; removed to California in 1850, and iden tified himself with the press of San Francisco; was elected a Senator in Congress from California, for the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serv ing on the Committees on Printing, Public Lands, and Foreign Relations; resigned before the expira tion of his term. Died June 14, 1883. Cassidy, George Williams ; was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, April 25, 1836; received a common school education; became a journalist; settled in Nevada; was a State Senator from 1872 to 1880; President of the Senate during the session of 1879; was elected a Representative from Nevada to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Caswell, L. B.; was born in Swanton, Vermont, November 27, 1827; went to Wisconsin in 1837: re ceived a liberal education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; in 1855 and 1856 was District At torney; Delegate to the Republican Convention of 1868; member of the State Legislature in 1863, 1872, and 1874; was elected a Representative from Wis consin to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; was again elected a Representative in the Forty-ninth Congress. Caswell, Richard ; was born in Maryland, August 3, 1729; emigrated to North Carolina in 1746, Avhere, for some years, he was employed in the public offices; afterwards studied law, and practiced with success: from 1754 to 1771 was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and for the last two years was Speaker of the House of Delegates; commanded the right wing of Tryon s forces at the battle of Alla- niance, in 1771; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776; in 1775 was President of the Provincial Congress which framed the Constitu tion of the State, and was elected first Governor of North Carolina under it, holding that office until 1779; in 1780 led the North Carolina troops in the battle of Camden; in 1782 was Speaker of the Sen ate, and Comptroller-General, performing the duties of both offices until 1784, when he was again elected Governor, and held that position until he became in eligible by the laws of the State; in 1787 was a Dele gate to the Convention for framing the Federal Con stitution; in 1789 was elected State Senator, and was a member of the Convention which ratified the Con stitution; was also Speaker of the Senate, and, whilst presiding over that body, November 5, 1789, was stricken with paralysis, which proved fatal in ten days. Catchings, Thomas Clendenin ; was born in Hinds County, Mississippi, January 11, 1847; en tered the University of Mississippi in 1839; left during the Sophomore year, and, in the spring of 1861, entered the junior class at Oakland College, Mississippi; very soon thereafter entered the Con federate Army; served throughout the Civil War; after its close studied law; was admitted to the bar BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 87 in 1866, and engaged in the practice of law at Vicks- burg, Mississippi; in 1875 was elected State Sen ator for a term of four years; resigned in 1877, and was elected Attorney-General of Mississippi for four years; in 1881 was re-nominated by acclamation, and was re-elected; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-ninth Congress, and in November, 1885, resigned the Attorney-Generalship to assume his Congressional duties. Gate, George W.; was born in Montpelier, Ver mont, in September, 1824; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and settled in Portage County, Wisconsin; was Dis trict-Attorney; a member of the Legislature for two terms; Judge of the Circuit Court of the Seventh Judicial Circuit in 1854; was re-elected three terms, holding the position twenty-one years; in 1874 re signed, and was elected a Representative from Ver mont to the Forty-fourth Congress. Cathcart, Charles "W.; was born in the Island of Maderia in 1809; went to sea in early life; studied mechanics; removed to Indiana in 1831; was, for several years, a United States Surveyor; served in the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1845; was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1845 to 1849; was a Senator in Con gress from 1852 to 1853, by appointment. Catlin, George S.; was born in Harwington, Litchh eld County, Connecticut, in 1809; received a common school and academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; was a num ber of years in the State Legislature; State Attorney, and Judge of the Windham County Court. Died in December, 1851. Cato, Sterling 1 G-.; was born in Georgia and removed to Alabama, from which State he was ap pointed as Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Kansas. Catron, John ; was born in Wythe County, Vir ginia, in 1778; received a common school education; removed to Tennessee in 1812; served witli General Jackson in the New Orleans campaign ; studied law ; soon after coming to the bar was appointed Attorney for the State; in 1818 settled in Nashville, and ob tained a high reputation as a chancery lawyer; in 1824 was ap >ointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of tne State; in 1837 was appointed, by Presi dent Van Buren, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held until his death, which occurred at Nashville, May 30, 1865. Cattell, Alexander G.; was born in Salem, New Jersey, February 12, 1816; was educated at the vil lage school; spent a part of his youth as a clerk in his lather s store; in 1840 was elected to the State Legislature; from 1842 to 1844 was Clerk of the Gen eral Assembly, and in the latter year was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1846 set tled in Philadelphia as a merchant; became a director in the Mechanics Bank; was elected to the city Councils from 1850 to 1854; in 1855 returned to New Jersey, but continued his business in Philadelphia; was one of the early Presidents of the Corn Exchange Association of that city; in 1858 organized the Corn Exchange Bank, and was President of the same; in 1866 was elected a Senator in Congress from New Jersey, for the term ending 1871, in the place of J. P. Stockton, unseated by the Senate, serving on the Committees" on Finance, Agriculture, and Public Lands; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866. Gaulfield, Bernard G.; was born in Alexandria, Virginia, October 15, 1828; graduated at Georgetown College, District of Columbia, in 1848, and in the law department of Pennsylvania University in 1850; was at once admitted to the bar; removed to Chicago in 1853, where he engaged in the. practice of his pro fession; never sought or held any public oflice until elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con gress, from Illinois; in December, 1874, was elected to the Forty-third Congress, to fill the unexpired term of J. B. Rice, deceased; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Department of Justice. Causey, P. F.; was born in 1801; was a mer chant by occupation ; was elected Governor of Dela ware in 1854, and remained in office four years. Died in Milford, Delaware, February 17, 1871. Causin, John M. S.; was born in Maryland; was a lawyer by profession ; served several terms in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1845; in 1849 was a Presidential Elector. Died at Cairo, Illinois, Jan uary 30, 1861. . Cavanaugh, James M.; was born in Spring field, Massachusetts, July 4, 1823; received a com mon school education ; wrote for a newspaper; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Minnesota in 1854; was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; re moved to Colorado in 1861, and was a member of its Constitutional Convention; removed to Montana in 1866, and was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth Congress. Cessna, John ; was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania; graduated at Marshall College in 1842; was a tutor in that institution for a short time, after which he studied law; came to the bar in 1845; in 1849 was elected to the State Legislature, and on being re-elected, was made Speaker; in 1861 was again elected to the Legislature, and again made Speaker; was a Delegate to the Cincinnati Conven tion of 1856; also to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; in 1865, was chosen Chairman of the Republican State Convention; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first and Forty -third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Elections, and the War Department; in 1875, was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, but declined. Chace, Jonathan ; was born at Fall River, Mas sachusetts, September 22, 1829; received an academic education; engaged in the manufacture of cotton; was a member of the State Senate of Rhode Island in 1876 and 1877; was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Forty-seventh and Forty -eighth Congresses; in January, 1885, was elected a United States Senator for the unexpired term of H. B. An thony, deceased, ending March 3, 1889. Chadwick, Stephen P.; was born at Middle- town, Connecticut, December 25, 1828; was educated in the public schools and by private tuition; learned the art of printing; studied law in the city of New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; removed to Oregon in 1851 ; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention; at different periods was a Probate and Co unty Judge; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 and 1868, and was the messenger to carry the electoral vote to Washington in the latter year; was Secretary of State from 1870 to 1878, two terms; became Governor in 1877, by the election of Governor Grover a United States Senator, serving until 1878; resumed the practice of his profession at Salem, Oregon. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Chaffee, Calvin C.; was born in Saratoga, New York, August 28, 1811; early devoted himself to the study of medicine; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont; become a citizen of Massachusetts; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pen sions; in 1859 was appointed Librarian of the House of Representatives, which office he held until 1861, when he was succeeded by the compiler of this volume. Chaffee , Jerome B. ; was born in Niagara County, New York, April 17, 1825; received an academic edu cation; became largely engaged in mining operations; was elected to the Legislature of Colorado in 1861, 1862, and 1863, and served as Speaker of the House; was elected by the State Legislature of the proposed State of Colorado, in 1865, a United States Senator; was elected to the Forty-second and two succeeding Congresses as Delegate from the Territory of Colorado, serving on the Committee on Territories; on the ad mission of Colorado as a State, in 1876, was elected United States Senator from that State for the short term, ending in 1879. Died at Salem Centre, West- chester County, New York, March 9, 1886. Chalmers, James Ronald ; was born in Hali fax County, Virginia, January 11, 1831; removed to Mississippi in 1839 ; graduated at South Carolina Col lege in 1851; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1853; was elected District Attorney in 1858; was a Delegate to the State Secession Convention of 1861; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, as Cap tain, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General; was a State Senator in 1876 and 1877; was elected a Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses; received the certificate of election to the Forty -seventh Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by John R. Lynch; was elected a Repre sentative in the Forty-eighth Congress. Chalmers, Joseph W.; was a Senator in Con gress from Mississippi from 1845 to 1847. Chamberlain, D. H.; was born in West Brook- field, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 23, 1835; graduated at Yale College in 1862, and at Harvard Law School in 1863; served in the Fifth Massachu setts Cavalry from 1863 to 1865; settled in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1866; was elected Attorney- General of the State in 1868; in 1874 was elected Governor of South Carolina. Chamberlain, Ebenezer M.; was born in Maine; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1853 to 1855. Chamberlain, Jacob P.; was born in Massachu setts ; was a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Chamberlain, John C.; graduated at Harvard University in 1793; practiced law at Alstead, New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1811. Died at Utica, New York, December 8, 1834, aged sixty-two years. Chamberlain, "William ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1809 to 1811; was a State Councilor from 1796 to 1803; served five years in the State Legislature; was Lieu tenant-Governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815; was Chief Justice of a State Court from 1801 to 1803, and in 1814. Chamberlin, Joshua Lawrence; was born in Bangor, Maine, September 8, 1828; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1852, and Bangor" Theological Seminary in 1855; in his boyhood went to a military academy at Ellsworth; was Professor of Bowdoin Col lege from 1855 to 1862, when he was appointed Lieu tenant-Colonel of the Twentieth Maine Infantry, and Colonel in 1863; Brigadier-General in 1864 for gal lantry at Petersburg, where he was severely wounded ; was Brevet Major-General, and again wounded at Quaker Road, in 1865; commanded the First Division, Fifth Corps, and led the advance which ended in Lee s surrender in 1865; his command received the formal surrender of the arms and colors of Lee s army; was engaged in twenty-four pitched battles, and was six times wounded ; resumed his professorship of Modern Languages in 1865, and in 1871 was elected President of Bowdoin College; received the degree of LL. D. from Pennsylvania College in 1866, and Bowdoin Col lege in 1868; was Governor of Maine from 1866 to 1870. Chambers, David ; was born in Allentown, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1780; was educated by his father, who was a school teacher ; in 1794 was employed as a confidential express to carry dispatches from General Henry Lee to President Washington during the Whisky Insurrection; in 1796 was placed in the office of the Aurora newspaper to learn the printer s trade; after spending the sixteen subsequent years on a farm in Virginia, removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where he conducted a newspaper, and was elected State Printer; when the seat of gov ernment was removed to Columbus, was appointed Secretary of the Senate; during the years 1812 and 1813 was Aid-de-camp to General Cass; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1821 to 1823; subsequently served a number of years in the State Legislature of Ohio; was Speaker in 1844; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851; was also elected Mayor of Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. Died at Zaiies- ville, Ohio, August 8, 1864. Chambers, Ezekiel F.; was born in Kent County, Maryland, February 28, 1788; graduated at Washington College when seventeen years of age; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808; performed some military service in 1812, and subse quently attained the rank of Brigadier-General; in 1822 was elected to the State Senate against his will; took an active part, in 1825, in arranging a system of legislation for the recovery of slaves; was a Sena tor in Congress, from Maryland, from 1826 to 1834, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia; in 1834 was appointed Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District, and a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which offices he held until 1851, when the judiciary became elective; having been, in 1850, an active member of the Convention which changed the State Constitution; was offered, in 1852, by President Fillniore, the post of Secretary of the Navy in the place of Secretary Graham, who resigned, but his health compelled him to decline the honor; in 1864 was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Maryland, and was, for many years, a Delegate to the Conventions of the Episcopal Church; in 1833 Yale College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 received the same honor from the Delaware College. Died in Chester- town, Maryland, January 30, 1867. Chambers, George ; was born in Chambers- burg, Pennsylvania, in 1786; graduated at Princeton College in 1804; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1807, and practiced extensively in the Frank- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 89 lin County Courts; wa? a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1837; was then elected a Delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitu tional Convention; in 1851 was appointed, by the Governor, with the unanimous consent of the Senate, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held until the expiration of its tenure under the Constitution ; after that time he lived in retire ment, discharging many trusts and offices, in pro motion of religion and education, in the town of his birth, which bears his father s name. Died in March, 1866. Chambers, Henry ; was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1825 to 1826. Died January 25, 1826. Chambers, John ; was born in New Jersey in 1779 ; emigrated to Kentucky when thirteen years of age; studied law, and practiced the profession with success; was an Aid-de-camp to General Harrison at tlie battle of the Thames; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Iowa, by President Harrison, manifesting great ability and prudence in his inter course with the Indians; was appointed, by Presi dent Taylor, a Commissioner to make a treaty with the Sioux Indians; was a member of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. Died near Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 1852. Champion, Epaphroditus ; was a Represent ative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1807 to 1817; a man greatly respected for his public and pri vate character. Died at East Haddam, Connecticut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy-eight years. Champlin, Christopher G-.; was a native of Newport, Rhode Island; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1786; wa^s a member of Congress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801 ; a Senator of the United States from 1809 to 1811; at the time of his death, which occurred March 38, 1840, in the seventy- fourth year of his age, he was President of the Rhode Island Bank. Chandler, John ; was born in Maine when a part of Massachusetts, representing it in the State Senate from 1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805 to 1808; for three years was Sheriff of Kennebec County; in 1812 was appointed Brigadier-General, and took an active part in the Canadian campaign, having his horse shot under him at the battle of Stony Creek, where he was wounded and taken pris oner; was elected to the United States Senate in 1820, being one of the first two Senators from Maine after its separation from Massachusetts, serving until 1829; in 1829 was appointed Collector of the port of Port land, serving until 1837. Died at Augusta, Septem ber, 1841. Chandler, Joseph R.; was born in Kingston, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, in 1792; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of the law; for many years edited a newspaper in Phila delphia, entitled the United States Gazette , was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1855; in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Naples; after his return be came editor of the Philadelphia North American ; in 1821 published a "Grammar of the English Lan guage," and subsequently a large number of Essays and Addresses on subjects connected with Social Life and Literature. Chandler, Thomas ; was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, August 10, 1772; received a common school education; was a farmer by occupation; had a fondness for sacred music, which he taught to a limited extent among his neighbors; was a Justice of the Quorum in 1808; a Captain of Militia in 1815; was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature in 1827; a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1829 to 1833. Died in Bedford, January 28, 1866. His brother, John Chandler, was also in Congress, and he was the uncle of the Senator, Zacha- riah Chandler. Chandler, "William E.; was born in Concord, New Hampshire, December 28, 1835; received a com mon school education; studied law at the Harvard Law School ; received the degree of LL. B. from that institution; came to the bar in 1855, and practiced the profession until 1865; from 1859 to 1865 was re porter of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862, 1863, and 1864, and twice chosen Speaker; was made an A.M. by Dartmouth College; in 1865 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge- Advocate General; soon afterwards, appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; resigned in 1867; was Secretary of the National Republican Committee, and participated in the campaigns of 1868 and 1872; in 1882 was ap pointed, by President Arthur, Secretary of the Navy. Chandler, Zachariah; was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, December 10, 1813; received an academic education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; was Mayor of Detroit, Michigan, in 1851; was an un successful candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1852; was elected a Senator in Congress, from Michi gan, to succeed Senator Cass, taking his seat in the Thirty -fifth Congress; served as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; was re- elected to the Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Mines and Mining, and again as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce; was a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866; re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1875, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Commerce; in October, 1875, was appointed Secretary of the Interior; served in that capacity until March, 1877; in 1879 was elected United States Senator, for the term ending in 1881, in place of I. P. Christiancy, resigned. Died at Chicago, Illinois, November 1, 1879. Chaney, John ; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1839. Chanler, John Winthrop ; was born in the city of New York in 1826; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1859 and 1860, and declined a re- nomination; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Patents; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Bankrupt Law, on Patents, and Southern Rail roads; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Committees on Elections, Southern Railroads, and Patents. Chapin, Chester W.; was born in Ludlow, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, December 16, 1798; was well educated at the common schools; during his long and active life was engaged in the various occupations of a farmer, merchant, banker, manufacturer, and the business of transportation by 90 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. sea and land ; was long the President of the Boston and Albany Railroad Company; in 1853 was a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention of his State; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Congress. Chapin, Graham H.; was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1817; was a Represent ative in Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837. Died in 1843. Chapman, Andrew Grant; was born at La Platte, Maryland, January 17, 1839; received a col legiate education, graduating at St. John s College, Maryland, in 1858; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860; resided in Baltimore for three years and then settled at Port Tobace, Maryland, and en gaged in the practice of law and in agricultural pur suits; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1868, 1870, and 1872; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-seventh Congress. Chapman, Augustus A.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Chapman, Bird B.; was born in Connecticut; on removing to Nebraska, was elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Chapman, Charles ; was born in Newtown, Connecticut, in 1799; received an academic educa tion; studied law, and practiced at Newtown from 1824 to 1827; removed to Hartford in 1832, and from that city was three times elected to the Legislature; from 1841 to 1845 was United States District Attor ney; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853; was Temperance candidate for Governor in 1854; his abilities as a criminal lawyer gave him a wide reputation. Died in Hartford, August 7, 1869. His father, Asa Chapman, was also an eminent lawyer and a Judge of the Supreme Court of Con necticut. Chapman, Henry; was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about the year 1805; received a good education, and read law under the competent direc tion of his father; was admitted to the bar about 1826; was a member of the State Senate for three years, from January, 1843; President Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania for some years after leaving the Senate; was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsylvania; was elected President Judge of the Seventh Judicial Dis trict of Pennsylvania in 1861. Chapman, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1799. Chapman, John G-.; was born in Charles County, Maryland, July 5, 1798; laid the foundation of his education at Yale College, which he left during his senior term, on account of his health, and afterwards refused a diploma which was tendered to him by the faculty; studied law with William Wirt; after prac ticing for some time, turned his attention to politics, and between the years 1824 and 1844 was almost con stantly in the Legislature of Maryland; in 1845 was elected a Representative in Congress, and re-elected in 1847, serving on important Committees, and doing much good for his constituents and the public at large; was chosen President of the Convention which framerl the Constitution of Maryland in 1851; his last public act was to preside as Chairman of the National Whig Convention which met in Baltimore in 1856 to nominate Millard Fillmore for the Presi dency; he was an eloquent speaker; filled all his public trusts with fidelity. Died December 10, 1856, lamented by a large number of warm personal friends. Chapman, Reuben; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1835 to 1848; was Governor of that State from 1847 to 1849. Died May 18, 1882. Chapman, "William W.; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1839 to 1841. Chappell, Absalom H.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative from that State to the Twenty - eighth Congress. Chappell, John J.; was born in Fairfield Dis trict, South Carolina, January 19, 1782; received a common school education; studied law, and was ad- jnitted to the bar in 1804; was a Solicitor of Equity, Colonel of Militia, a Trustee of the State College in 1809, and a Bank Director; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1817. Charlton, Robert M.; was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 19, 1807; was liberally educated; studied law and came to the bar before attaining his majority; served in the State Legislature; became United States District Attorney; in his twenty- seventh year was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Eastern Georgia; was a poet, and published a volume of poems in 1839; and also published a prose work entitled Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Lawyer, as well as a variety of historical and other lectures and literary addresses; served in Congress as a Senator from Georgia, by appointment, during a part of the years 1852 and 1853. Died at Savannah, January 8, 1854. Chase, Dudley ; was born in Cornish, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, December 30, 1771 ; re ceived an academic education, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791 ; having been admitted to the bar, commenced practice in Vermont; from 1803 to 1811 was State s Attorney for Orange County; was a member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1814 and 1822; was a Representative from Randolph to the Legislature of Vermont in 1805, and the seven suc ceeding years, during five of which he was Speaker of the House of Representatives; was again elected Representative from the same town in 1823 and 1824; was elected United State Senator from Vermont from 1813 to 1819; resigned his seat in 1817; was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1817, holding the same office, by annual re-elections, until 1821; then returned to his profession of the law for a few years; in 1824 was again chosen United States Senator from 1825 to 1831, inclusive, when he retired wholly from public life, and devoted his attention to farming and gardening, of which he was excessively fond; he was a brother of the late Philan der Chase, Bishop of Illinois. Died at Randolph, Vermont, February 23, 1846. Chase, George W.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Died in Maryland, OJsego Coun ty, New York, May 1, 1867. Chase, Jeremiah T.; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1784. Chase, Lucien B.; was born in Vermont; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849; was the author of a work entitled " History of Pres ident Folk s Administration." Died in December, 1864, aged forty-seven years. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Chase, Salmon P.; was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 13, 1808; his education began at home, and was continued at the schools and acad emies of New Hampshire and central Ohio, and com pleted at the Cincinnati College, and at Dartmouth, in New Hampshire, graduating in 1826; studied law in Washington City with William Wirt, and prac ticed his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for many years; his first public position was that of School Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839; in 1840 was a City Councilman; in 1845 projected what was called a Liberty Convention; was a member of the Free-soil Convention held at Buffalo in 1848; was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; was elected Governor of Ohio in 1655, and re-elected in 1857; in 1860 was again chosen a Senator in Congress; on the day after he took his seat was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in President Lincoln s Cabinet; resigned in July, 1864; it was while the country was passing through the trials of the Rebellion that the National Finances were successfully managed under his ad ministration; was also a member of the Peace Con gress of 1861. on December 6, 1864, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, to succeed R. B. Taney; by A r irtue of his position as Chief Justice he presided over the Senate while acting as a Court of Impeach ment, during the trial of President Andrew Johnson, in 1868. Died in Washington, May 7, 1871. Chase, Samuel ; was born in Somerset County, Maryland, April 17, 1741 ; received a good education; came to the bar in his twenty-second year, settling at Annapolis; was one of the "Sons of Liberty;" was sent by Maryland as a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress, where he served from 1774 to 1778, and in 1784 and 1785; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; it was he who proclaimed, on the floor of Congress, that they had a Judas among them, in the person of J. J. Zubly, of Georgia, and also made a severe demonstration against the Society of Friends for alleged disloyalty; in 1786 settled in Baltimore; in 1788 was appointed Chief Justice of the Criminal Court; was a member of the Convention that ratified the Federal Constitution; in 1796 was appointed, by President Washington, an Associate on the Supreme Bench; in 1804, at the instigation of John Randolph, was impeached; having been ar raigned in 1805, after a long trial, his alleged im proper conduct on the bench was approved. Died June 19, 1811. He was a man of high character and rare benevolence, and it was to him that William Pinkney was indebted for his education and subse quent success in life. Chase, Samuel ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Chastain, Edward W.; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 1855. Chatfield, A. G-.; was an early emigrant to Min nesota; in 1853 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Min nesota. Chavez, J. Francisco; was born in Padillas, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, June 27, 1833; re ceived a liberal education at St. Louis, Missouri; studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York; for several years was devoted to mercantile pursuits, and to the raising of cattle for the California market; in 1861 entered the mili tary service of the United States, and was appointed Major of the First Regiment of Infantry raised in New Mexico; after participating in several battles and seeing much active service on the frontier, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ; was mustered out at his own request in 1864; in 1865 was elected a Delegate from Ne\v Mexico to the Thirty- ninth Congress; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, to which he was admitted during the last month of said Congress Ciisatham, Richard ; was a Representative irt Congress from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1839. Died in September. 1845. Cheney, Person C.; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1875 to 1877. Chenoweth, James Q.; was born at Louisville, Kentucky, February 9, 1841; was educated in the grammar school at Harrodsburg, Kentucky, and at Asbury University, Indiana, graduating from the latter institution in 1861 ; entered the Confederate Army as a private in 1861, and served throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Colonel; was it command of a brigade at the time of the surrender; studied law at Montgomery, Alabama, returning to his home, in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in the fall .of 1867;. was, soon afterwards, elected a State Senator of Kentucky; served three sessions and resigned, in April, 1872, to remove to Texas; settled at Paris, Texas, in the practice of law as a partner of S. B. Maxey. afterwards United States Senator; in 1875 was appointed, by the Governor, District Judge; \v-\s- elected a Representative in the Seventeenth a.il Eighteenth Legislatures of Texas; on May 1, 1885 r was appointed, by President Cleveland, First Audi tor of the United States Treasury. Chenowith, F. A.; was born in Ohio; removed to Iowa, and from that State was appointed Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Washington. Chestnut, James, Jr.; was born near Cam den , South Carolina, in 1815; graduated at Princeton Col lege; from 1842 to 1852 was a member of the State Legislature; from 1854 to 1858 was a member of the State Senate; was appointed to the United States Senate, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty -fifth Congress; was subsequently elected to that position, but was expelled July 11, 1861; be came identified with the Rebellion of 1861, as a mem ber of the so-called Confederate Congress; was a Del egate to the New York Convention of 1868. Chetwood, "William ; was born in New Jersey in 1769; graduated at Princeton College in 1792; was admitted to the bar in 1798; during the Whisky In surrection attended Major-General Lee as Aid-de camp; at one time served in the State Council of New Jersey; was elected to Congress from that State, to fill a vacancy during the administration of Presi dent Jackson; was an able lawyer, and practiced his profession until his seventieth year. Died December 18, 1857. Cheves, Langdon ; was born in Abbeville Dis trict, South Carolina, September 17, 1776; was ad- rnitte 1 to the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State Legis"- lature in 1808; was a Presidential Elector in 1809: afterwards Attorney-General of the State ; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina Iron* 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker during the second ses sion of the Thirteenth Congress; was also a Com missioner of Claims under the Treaty of Ghent , Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to 1819, and for a time President of the United States Bank; resigning this trust, returned to South C iro- lina, and withdrew from public life. Died June 26, 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Chilcott, George M.; was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1828; in 1844 re moved with his father to Iowa; studied medicine, but did not practice the profession; in 1852 was chosen Sheriff of Jefferson County; emigrated to Nebraska Territory in 1856 ; during the latter part of that year was elected to the Territorial Legislature; in 1859 settled in Colorado; in 1861 was elected to the Legis lature of that Territory; in 1862 was admitted to the bar of the same: in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Register of the Land Office, serving four years; in 1865 was elected to Congress as a Repre sentative under the State organization, but not ad- mittsd; in 1866 was elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Fortieth Congress; in the same year was ad mitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States; in April, 1882, was appointed a United States Senator from Colorado, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of H. M. Teller, serving until Feb ruary, 1883. Childs, Thomas; was born in New York; was a Representative from that State during the Thirty- fourth Congress. Childs, Timothy; was born in Massachusetts; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1828 and 1833; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Santa Cruz, in Novem ber, 1847. Chilton, Samuel; was born in Virginia in 1804; after receiving a good education, studied and adopted the profession of law; rilled various offices of trust and honor; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845; after retiring from Congress, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. Died at his residence in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 14, 1867. Chirm, Joseph W.; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1831 to 1835. Died at Richmond, December 5, 1840. Chirm, Thomas W.; was born in Kentucky; removing to Louisiana, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Chirm, Thomas "W.; was a citizen of Louisiana; in 1849 was appointed C/iarge d Affaires to the Two Sicilies, but soon resigned, holding the office only from June to October. Chipman, Daniel; was born in 1765, in Salis bury, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth in 1788; was a lawyer by profession, and practiced at Ripton, Vermont; was for many years in the Legislature, and was frequently Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives of his State; was a member of the last State Constitutional Convention; was the first reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and author of an able work on " Law Contracts for the Sale of Spe cific Articles, which is highly esteemed by the pro fession; was a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817. Died at Ripton, April 23, 1850. Chipman, Henry; was born in Vermont in 1785; after receiving a liberal education, adopted the profession of the law; when quite young went to South Carolina, and was engaged in the practice of the profession in that State until 1824, when he was appointed, by President Monroe, a Judge of the United States for the Territory of Michigan; re moved to Detroit, and from that time until his death, which occurred in Detroit, was one of the most influ ential citizens of the State; the qualities which char acterized Judge Chipman cannot, perhaps, be better expressed than in his own language, addressed to the compiler, when speaking of Mr. Woodbridge: "In his politics he was a disciple of the Washington school, whose principles he had imbibed in early life from his association with the founders of the Repub lic and trainers of the Federal Constitution. He was truly national and conservative in his views and feelings, and always a devoted friend of the Union. He could never stoop to play the political partisan for his own advancement, but always carried his political opinions as parts of his private conscience and personal integrity, and never allowed a difference of political opinion to interfere with his social relations or pub lic duties." Chipman, John S.; was born in Vermont; graduated at Middlebury College in 1823; was a Representative in Congress from Michigan from 1845 to 1847; subsequently removed to California. Chipman, Nathaniel ; was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, November 15, 1752; graduated at Yale College in 1777, and settled as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Vermont; was Professor of Law for twenty-eight years in Middlebury College; in 1786 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1789 was chosen Chief Justice; in 1791 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court; was subsequently again elected Chief Justice; from 1797 to 1803 was a mem ber of the United States Senate from Vermont. In 1793 he published "Sketches of the Principles of Government," and "Reports and Dissertations." Died at Tinmouth, February 13, 1843. Chipman, Norton P.; was born in Milford Centre, Ohio, March 7, 1834; removed to Iowa in 1845; entered Washington College, but left to attend the Law School at Cincinnati, where he graduated; returned to Iowa, and commenced the practice of law; entered the Union Army as a private, and Avas enrolled as Second Lieutenant; was Adjutant and Major of the Second Infantry; was appointed Colonel and additional Aid-de-camp in the Regular Army, and at the close of the war was brevetted Brigadier- General; settled at Washington City, where he had previously been on duty for two years; was appointed Secretary of the Territorial Government of the Dis trict of Columbia at its organization ; was elected a Delegate to the Forty -second and Forty-third Con gresses. Chittenden, Lucius B.; was born in Vermont; in 18(31 was appointed from that State Register of the United States Treasury, in which office he remained until 1867. Chittenden, Martin; was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, March 12, 1769; in 1776 his family re moved to Williston, Vermont; in 1789 graduated at Dartmouth College, but, owing to feeble health, de voted himself to agricultural pursuits at Jericho, m Chittenden County; was a member of the Conven tion that adopted the United States Constitution; in 1790 was elected County Cleric and Representative, to which position he was re-elected for six years suc cessively, and also at occasional subsequent inter vals; was Judge of the County Court from 1793 to 1795; Chief Justice from 1796 to 1803; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1803 to 1813, and Gover nor of Vermont in 1813 and 1814; was Judge of Pro bate in 1821 and 1822; at the age of thirty-three at tained the rank of Major-General of Militia; was Governor during the war with England, and refused to comply witli the requisition of General Macomh for the State Militia; this act prevented his re-elec tion as Governor. Died at Williston, Vermont, Sep tember 5, 1841. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 93 Chittenden, Simeon B.; was born in Guilford, Connecticut, March 29, 1814; received an academic education; entered a store at New Haven, Connecti cut; removed to New York in 1843, where he en gaged in mercantile pursuits; was Vice President of the New York Chamber of Commerce from 1867 to 1869; one of the Directors in the Continental Bank, and in the Continental Fire Insurance Company; a Director in the Delaware, Lackawauna and Western, and other Eailroads; President of the New Haven and New London Shore-Line Railroad of Connecticut; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected to the Forty-lburth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty -sixth Con gresses. Chittenden, Thomas ; was born in East Guil ford, Connecticut, January 6, 1730; received a scanty education; removed, at the age of twenty, to Salis bury, where he commanded a regiment; was many years a Representative in the Legislature, and Justice of the Peace; in 1774 emigrated to the New Hamp shire grants, as Vermont was then called, and settled at Williston, on the Onion River; rendered service to the State in the Councils during the Revolution; was a member of the Convention in 1777 which declared Vermont an independent State, and was one of the Commissioners to solicit admission into the Confed eracy; in 1777 was a member of the State Consti tutional Convention; President of the Council of Safety; in 1778 was chosen Governor of the State, and, with the exception of one year, filled that office until his death. Died at Willistou, Vermont, August 24, 1797. Chittenden, T. C.; was born in Massachusetts; having removed to New York, was elected a Repre sentative from that State to the Twenty -sixth Con gress, and re-elected to the Twenty -seventh Congress. Choate, Rufus ; was born at Ipswich, Massa chusetts, October 1, 1799; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819, and was afterwards chosen a tutor in that institution ; having selected the law for his profes sion, entered the Law School at Cambridge; after spending a few months there went to Washington and studied with William Wirt; completed his legal studies at an office in Salem, and commenced the practice of his profession in the town of Danvers in 1824; in 1825 was elected a Representative to the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1827 was in the Senate of the same State ; took a prominent part in the de butes, and won a high reputation by his energy and sagacity; in 1832 was elected a member of Congress from the Essex District; declined a re-election in 1834, and removed to Boston, to devote himself to his profession; here he took an eminent position at the bar, and soon came into an extensive practice; in 1841, on the retirement of Mr. Webster from the Senate, Mr. Choate was elected to fill the vacancy ; at the close of his term, gave himself up wholly to his profession; was a Regent of the Smithsonian In stitution, but resigned the position; was greatly dis tinguished for his eloquence, but his style of speaking was peculiar; his judgment in the management of cases was considered consummate; his published orations and arguments are quite numerous, and all of a high order ; from Yale College he received the degree of LL.D. Died at Halifax, Novia Scotia, while on his way to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. His life and writings were published by Dr. S. G. Brown, and another life by E. G. Parker. Chrisman, James S.; was born in Kentucky; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State in 1849; a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855; contested for the seat in Congress in I860 with William C. Anderson, but was rejected ; was a member of the Executive Council of the State from 1861 to 1865; was a member of the Confederate Congress during its existence. Christiancy, Isaac P.; was born in Johnstown, New York, in March, 1812; received an academic education, and while yet a boy supported his father s family by teaching school; began the study of law, and in 1836 removed to Monroe, Michigan, where he completed his legal course and practiced the profes sion from 1838 to 1857; from 1841 to 1846 was Prose cuting Attorney for Monroe County; in 1848 attended the Free Soil Convention in Buffalo; in 1849 elected to the State Senate; in 1852 was the candidate for Governor of the Free Soil party, and was a prime mover in the political combinations of 1854; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1856; soon afterwards purchased The Monroe Commercial and became its editor; was a candidate for the United States Senate in 1857; in the same year was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and in 1865 re-elected for eight years by the unanimous vote of all parties ; served as an officer on the staffs of Gen erals A. A. Humphreys and G. A. Custer during the Rebellion; was elected a Senator in Congress from Michigan for the term ending in 1881; resigned in January, 1879, to accept the appointment of United States Minister to Peru. Christie, Gabriel; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1797, and from 1799 to 1801. Christy, John EL; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress. Church, Louis K.; was a lawyer by profession; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Dakota; he resided at Huron, Dakota. Church, "William E.; was born at Brooklyn, New York, December 7, 1841; received an academic and collegiate education, graduating from Williams College in 1861; enlisted in the Union Army in 1862; was promoted to the rank of Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General, with which rank he was mustered out of service in 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866 and engaged in the practice of law in New York City; in 1872 removed to Morristown, New Jersey, and continued the practice of his pro fession ; in 1883 was appointed Associate Justice ot the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory, residing at Deadwood. Churchill, John Charles ; was born in Mooers, Clinton County, New York, January 17, 1821; grad uated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1843; adopted the profession of the law; from 1857 to 1859 was the District Attorney for Oswego County; was County Judge of the same county from 1860 to 1863; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; re-elected to the Forty-first Con gress; was made Chairman of Committee on Public Buildings, and served on the Committee on Elections. Churchill, Thomas J.; was Governor of Arkan sas from 1881 to 1883. Churchwell, "William M.; was born in Tennes see, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1852 to 1855. Cilley, Bradbury; was a Representative in. Congress from New Hampshire from 1813 to 1817. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Cilley, Jonathan; was born in Notti gham, New Hampshire, July 2, 1802; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1625; adopted the profession of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1829; was at one time Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine, of which he was a member from 1832 to 1837; was a Presidential Elector in 1832; a member of Congress from Maine from 1837 to the time of his death; was killed at the third fire in a duel fought with William J.. Graves, at Bladensburg, Maryland, February 24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty yards distance. Cilley, Joseph ; was born in New Hampshire; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1846 to 1847. Claflin, William ; was born at Milford, Massa chusetts, March 6, 1818; was educated at the public schools and at Brown University; engaged in the shoe and leather business; was a Representative in the Legislature from 1849 to 1852; a State Senator in 1860 and 1861 ; the last year President of the Senate; was a member of the Republican National Executive Committee from 1864 to 1875; Chairman from 1868 to 1872; was Lieutenant-Governor from 1866 to 1869; Governor from 1870 to 1872; was elected a Repre sentative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fifth Con gress; re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Claggett, "William H.; was born in Upper Marlborough, Maryland, September 21, 1838; studied and practiced law; removed to the Far West; was a member of the Legislature of Nevada in 1862, 1863, and 1865; was elected to the Forty-second Congress from that State. Claggett, Clifton; was born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire; was Judge of Probate of Hillsborough County from 1823 to 1827; Judge of the Superior Court one or two years; w r as a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1821. Died in 1829, aged fifty-six years. Claiborne, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1805 to 1808. Died during the latter year. Claiborne, John F. H.; was a native of Natchez, Mississippi ; educated and licensed as a lawyer in Vir ginia; was a Representative in the Legislature of Mississippi during three sessions, and a Representa tive in Congress from Mississippi from 1835 to 1838; afterwards conducted the Natchez Free Trader, and also the Louisiana Courier, leading journals of the South, and was editor of an agricultural journal pub lished in New Orleans; held the office of United States Timber Agent for the Districts of Louisiana Mississippi, to which he was appointed by President Pierce. He wrote a historical work relating to the Southwest. Claiborne, Nathaniel H.; was born in Sussex County, Virginia; served many years in the Legisla ture of that State; was also a member of the Execu tive Council; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1837. Died in Franklin County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, aged eighty-three years. Claiborne, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1805. Claiborne, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819. Claiborne, William C. C.; studied law and set tled in Tennessee, of which State he assisted in form ing the Constitution, and afterwards represented it in Congress from 1797 to 1801 ; in 1801 was appointed Governor of the Mississippi Territory, and in 1804 of Louisiana; was also chosen to that office by the peo ple, after the adoption of its Constitution, from 1812 to 1816; was then elected a Senator of the United States, but died, before he took his seat, at New Or leans, November 23, 1817. Clapp, Almon M.; was born in Connecticut; re moved to New York, and was for many years con nected with the press of Buffalo, conducting for a time the Daily Express; was appointed Congressional Printer in 1868. Clapp, Asa W. H.; was born in Maine; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Clardy, Martin L.; was born in St. Genevieve County,. Missouri, April 26, 1844; received a col legiate education; adopted the profession of the law; was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Con gresses; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Clark, Abraham ; was born near Elizabeth- town, New Jersey, February 15, 1726; was a self- made man, and because of his habit of giving legal advice gratuitously, was called the "Poor Man s Councilor; " was Sheriff and Clerk of the Colonial As sembly, one of the Delegates to the Continental Con gress, and a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence; after the adoption of the Constitution, was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794, when he resigned. Died September 15, 1794, of sunstroke. Clark, Alvah A.; was born at Lebanon, New Jersey, September 13, 1840; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1864; became a Councilor-at-law in 1867; was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Forty -fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Clark, Ambrose W.; was born near Coopers- town, Otsego County, New York, February 19, 1810; received a common school education ; w r as employed in a printing-office at Cooperstown until he became of age ; published for five years the Otsego Republican; established and published for eight years, in Lewis County, the Northern Journal; also published for six teen years the Northern New York Journal, in Water- town, Jefferson County; in 1859 was elected a Rep resentative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Printing; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress in 1862, and was Chairman of the Committee on Printing and a member of the Committee on Accounts; in 1865 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Consul at Valpa raiso; in 1868, was appointed, by President Johnson, Charge d 1 Affaires at Santiago during the absence of Minister Kilpatrick. Clark, Amos, Jr.; was born in Westfield, New Jersey, November 8, 1827 ; received a practical edu cation; was in business in New York City; was a banker in Elizabeth, and largely interested in real estate; was a member of the City Council in 1865 and 1866; was elected a State Senator from 186G to 1869; was an Elector in 1872: was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Clark, Christopher; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 1806. Clark, Daniel ; was born in Stratham, Rocking ham County, New Hampshire, October 24, 1809 ; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 95 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834; studied law, and came to the bar in 1837; was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature in the years 1842, 1843, 1846, 1854, and 1855; in 1857 was elected a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire, and in 1861 was re-elected for the term ending in 1867, serv ing as Chairman of the Committees on Claims, the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and as a member of other important Committees; during the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress was chosen President pro tern, of the Senate; resigned the position at the close of the second session of the same Congress; in July, 1866, resigned his seat in the Senate, and was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire; was also a Delegate to the "Loyalists Convention" held in Philadelphia in 1866. Clark, Ezra, Jr. ; was born in Vermont; removed to Connecticut; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Elections. Clark, Franklin; was born in Maine; was a merchant by occupation; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849; before entering Congress served in the State Legislature; was a member of the Executive Council in 1855. Clark, Henry S.; was born in Beaufort County, North Carolina; studied law; went into the State Legislature in 1834; was Solicitor for the State in 1842; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1845 to 1847; was at one time acting Governor of the State. Died at Tarborough, North Carolina, April 14, 1874. Clark, Horace F.; was born in Southbury, New Haven County, Connecticut; graduated at Wil liams College, Massachusetts; adopted the law as a profession ; was elected a member of the Thirty -fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as member of the Committee on Indian Affairs; in 1868 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Williams College. Died in New York, June 19, 1873. Clark James ; was born in Bedford County, Vir ginia, in 1779, near the celebrated Peaks of Otter; removed, with his father, to Clark County, Ken tucky ; received the principal part of his education from a private tutor; studied law in Virginia; re turned to Kentucky to practice in Winchester, in 1797 ; was several times a member of the State Legis lature; in 1810 was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals; was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky from 1813 to 1816; from 1817 to 1824 was Judge of the Circuit Court; again a member of Con gress from 1825 to 1831; in 1832 was State Senator and chosen Speaker; was elected Governor in 1836. Died September 27, 1839. Clark, James W.; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1796; was, for several years, in the House of Com mons; was a Presidential Elector in 1812; three years a member of the State Senate; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817; in 1828 was appointed Chief Clerk of the Navy Department. Died in January, 1844, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Clark, John B.; was born in Madison County, Kentucky, April 17, 1802; a lawyer by profession; removed to Missouri ; was appointed Clerk of Howard County Court in 1824, serving until 1834; in 1832 commanded a Regiment of mounted Militia, during the Black Hawk War; was made Major-General of Militia in 1848; elected to the Legislature during the session of 1850 and 1851; was chosen by the State as commanding officer to expel the Mormons from Missouri; was a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories; was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the House in July, 1861. Clark, John B., Jr.; was born in Fayette, Mis souri, January 14, 1831; attended the common schools; entered the Missouri University and re mained there two years; studied law, and graduated in the Law Department of Harvard University ; prac ticed law from 1855 until the commencement of the war, when he entered the Confederate Army as a Lieutenant, and promoted successively to be Captain, Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General ; after the war followed various pursuits; was a State and County Collector; was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving in the former on the Committee on Public Expenditures; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty -seventh Congresses; in December, 1883, was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives, and in 1885 was re-elected. Clark, Lincoln ; was born in Massachusetts; adopted the profession of the law; was a Judge in Alabama for several years; on removing to Iowa was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Clark, Lot ; was born in New York; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1823 to 1825, when he was appointed Postmaster at Norwich, New York; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1846. Clark, M. S.; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, during the years 1820 and 1821. Clark, Robert ; was born in Washington County, New York; was a member of the Assembly of that State from 1812 to 1815; a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821; a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in the latter year; subsequently adopted the medical profession ; settled in Monroe, Michigan Territory; was ap pointed by President Monroe, Register of the Land Office for the Second Land District of that Territory. Clark, Bush ; was born at Schellsburg, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1834; received a collegiate education, graduating from Jefferson Col lege, Pennsylvania, in 1853; studied law; removed to Iowa; was admitted to the bar at Iowa City in 1853, and commenced practice there; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1860 to 1864, serving as Speaker the last two years; was a member of the Governor s Staff in 1861 and 1862; a member of the Board of Trustees of the Iowa State University from 1862 to 1866; was again elected to the State Assembly in 1876; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died April 28, 1879. Clark, Samuel ; was born in New York ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835; on removing to Michigan, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Died at Kalamazoo, October 2, 1870. 96 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Clark, "William ; was, for some time, State Treasurer of Pennsylvania; in 1828 was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and held the office for one year; from 1833 to 1837 was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Pennsyl vania. Died in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1841. Clark, William; in 1800 was appointed, hy President Adams, Chief Justice of the Territory of Indiana; was subsequently commissioned as the sec ond Governor of the Territory of Missouri, exerting an important influence over his fellow-countrymen west of the Mississippi. Clark, William T.; was born in Norwalk, Con necticut, June 29, 1834; was educated in Connecticut and New York City; taught school; read law in the city of New York ; removed to Iowa in 1855, and practiced law there until the commencement of the war; served in the Union Army in all grades up to Brevet Major-General, and commanded a division in Texas until mustered out in 1866, when he went into business at Gal veston; took an active part in recon struction; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several committees. Clarke, Archibald S.; was a member of the New York Senate for four years, beginning with 1813; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1816 to 1817; held the several positions of Clerk, Surrogate, and Judge of Saratoga County. Died at Clarence, New York, December 4, 1821, aged forty- three years. Clarke, Bayard ; was born in New York City, March 17, 1815; was educated at Geneva College, and studied law; in 1836 was Attache and Secretary to General Cass s Embassy to France, and continued in that position four years; then took a course of study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France; afterwards served in the Second Regiment of Dra goons through the Florida War; resigned in 1843, and settled at Westchester, New York, Avhich district he represented in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Clarke, Beverly L.; was born in Virginia; re moved to Kentucky ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1849; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1849; in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Guatemala and Honduras. Died there, March 7, 1860. Clarke, Charles E.; was born in New York; in 1839 and 1840 was a member of the New York As sembly from Jefferson County; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Died December 29, 1863, aged seventy-four years. Clarke, Daniel ; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Orleans, or Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. Clarke, Freeman ; was born in Troy, New York, March 22, 1809; commenced active life as a merchant; in 1837 was elected Cashier of the Bank of Orleans at Albion; in 1845 removed to Rochester, and was President of the Rochester Bank, and Treas urer of the Monroe County Savings Bank, and, sub sequently, President of the Monroe County Bank; also held the offices of Treasurer and Director of the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls Railroad Company ; President and Treasurer of the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad Company; Director of the Mobile and Ohio Railroa.l Company; Treasurer and a Director of the House Telegraph Company, and a Director of the Western Union Telegraph Company; was one of the first Directors of the Fourth National Bank in New York City, and also a Trustee and subsequently Vice-President of the Union Trust Company, New York ; was Vice-President of the Whig State Convention in 1850, and acted as Presi dent; in 1852 was a Delegate to the W T hig National Convention ; was Vice-President of the first Republi can Convention in New York State, in 1854; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac tures and Invalid Pensions; in 1865 was appointed Comptroller of the Currency, by President Lincoln; in 1867 was elected to the New York State Constitu tional Convention; in 1870 was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Forty-second Congress, in which he served on the Committee on Appropria tions; in 1872 was re-elected to the Forty-third Con gress, and was a member of the Committee on For eign Affairs. Clarke, James ; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; in 1836 removed to St. Louis; thence to Beloit, Wisconsin, where he was Territorial Printer; in 1837 went to Burlington, Iowa, and con ducted the Territorial, now State Gazette, until the winter of 1839, when he was appointed Secretary of the Territory; from 1843 to 1845 resumed the Gazette; was Governor of the Territory in 1846; again edited the Gazette from 1848 until his death, which occurred near Burlington, Iowa, July 28, 1850. Clarke, John; was born in 1766; at the age of sixteen was appointed Lieutenant, and then Captain of MiUtia; fought under his father, General Elijah Clarke, in the Revolutionary Army; at the siege of Augusta and at the battle of Jack s Creek, in 1787, greatly distinguished himself, and attained the rank of Major-General of the State Militia; at a critical period in the War of 1812, was appointed, by the Governor, to command the forces destined to defend the sea-coast of Georgia; was Governor of Georgia from 1819 to 1823. Died in West Florida, October 15, 1832. Clarke, John ; was Governor of Delaware in 1816 and 1817. Died at Smyrna, Delaware, August, 1821. Clarke, John B.; was born in Bracken County, Kentucky, April 14, 1833; was educated at Augusta, in that State; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1854, and engaged in the practice of his profession ; was elected County Attorney in 1858, and served four years; was elected to the State Senate of Kentucky in 1867, and served four years; was elected a Repre sentative from Kentucky to the Forty-fourth Con gress; re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Clarke, John C.; was born in Connecticut; grad uated at Williams College in 1811; served in the As sembly of New York in 1 826 ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1843; in 1849 was appointed First Auditor of the Treasury, but only held the place a short time. Died in 1852, aged fifty-nine years. Clarke, John H.; was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, in 1791; graduated at Brown University in 1809; adopted the profession of the law; served in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853. Clarke, Matthew St. Clair ; was born in Penn sylvania; removed to Washington City at an early day ; was Clerk of the House of Representatives from 1822 to 1833; again elected to the same position in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 97 1841, and held the office two years; in 1843 was ap pointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, and held that office two years; was the publisher of the great work called the "American Archives," edited by Peter Force, who was also directly interested in its publi cation; was quite famous as a politician. Died in Washington. Clarke, Reader "Wright ; was born in Bethel, Clermont County, Ohio, May 18, 1812; obtained a good English education, and when fifteen years of age learned the trade of a printer; studied law, and came to the bar in 1836; in 1840 and 1841 was elected to the Ohio Legislature; was a delegate, in 1844, to the Baltimore Convention, and was a Presi dential Elector at the ensuing election; in 1846 was appointed Clerk of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts of Clermont County, which he held for six years; was a delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of I860; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Print ing; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post- Office and Expenditures in the State Department; in April, 1869, was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, and afterwards a Collector of Internal Rev enue in Ohio. Died May 23, 1872. Clarke, Sidney ; was born in Southbridge, Mass achusetts, October 16, 1831; received a common school education; adopted the profession of an editor, and published the Southbridge Press; in 1858 emigrated to Kansas, and settled in Lawrence; was a member, in 1862, of the State Legislature; subsequently* ren dered military service against the Rebellion as a Captain of Volunteers, and Assistant-Provost-Mar shal-General for Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Dakota, serving in the latter capacity until 1864, when he was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, and on the Death of President Lincoln, and also on the National Committee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1H66; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and made Chairman of Indian Affairs. Clarke, Staley N.; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843. Clarke, "William; was born in Virginia, Au gust 1, 1770; in 1784 removed to where Louisville, Kentucky, now stands, where his brother had built a fort; served in campaigns against the Indians; was Adjutant and Quartermaster in 1793; resigned in 1796; appointed Lieutenant of Artillery in 1803, and joined with Meriwether Lewis in the Northwestern Exploring Expedition, which left St. Louis, March, 1804, and returned in the fall of 1806; kept the jour nal of the expedition, afterwards published; was then appointed Indian Agent, and afterwards Briga dier-General of Upper Louisiana; in 1822 was ap pointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and made treaties with many tribes; four of his brothers were distinguished in the Revolution, one fell in the strug gle, and another was killed by the Indians on the Wabash; was Governor of Louisiana Territory from 1813 to 1820. Died in St. Louis, September 1, 1838. Clarkson, Matthew; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1785 to 1786. Clawson, Isaiah D.; was born in Woodstown, New Jersey, March 30, 1822; graduated at Princeton 7 College in 1840; studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, taking his degree in 1843; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1853; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Rev olutionary Claims. Clay, Brutus J.; was born in Madison County, Kentucky, July 1, 1808; was educated at Danville College, Kentucky, and settled in Bourbon County as a farmer in 1837; in 1840 served in the State Leg islature; was subsequently elected President of the Bourbon County Agricultural Society; in 1853 was elected President of the State Agricultural Society; was re-elected for four years, and then declined a re election; was again elected to the Legislature in 1860; was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and as a member of that on Revolutionary Pensions; from his boyhood was devoted to agriculture, and especially to the raising of choice breeds of cattle. Clay, Cassius M.; was born in Madison County, Kentucky, October 19, 1810; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1832; practiced law; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1835, 1837, and 1840, and of the National Whig Convention of 1840, at Harris- burg; the improved jury system and the common school system of Kentucky are principally due to his efforts in the Legislature; was opposed to the annex ation of Texas; stumped the Northern States for Henry Clay for the Presidency in 1844; June 3, 1845, issued, in Lexington, The True American, a weekly anti-slavery paper; in August his press was seized by a mob, and the paper was afterwards printed in Cin cinnati and published in Lexington, whither he had removed in 1840, and later in Louisville; was Captain in the Mexican War, and made prisoner at Encarna- cion, January 23, 1847; aided in nominating Taylor for the Presidency in 1848; in 1849 called a Conven tion of Emancipationists at Frankfort ; separated from the Whig party in 1850, and was an anti-slavery candidate for Governor, receiving nearly five thou sand votes; in April, 1862, was appointed Major- General of Volunteers; resigned March, 1863; was appointed Minister to Russia in 1862; a volume of his speeches was edited by Horace Greeley in 1848. Clay, Clement C.J was born in Halifax County, Virginia, December 17, 1789; graduated at the Uni versity of East Tennessee; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1809; removed to Hunts ville, Alabama, in 1811, where he resided until his death; during the Creek War saw some service as a soldier; practiced his profession until 1817, when he was elected a member of the Territorial Council of Ala bama; in 1819 was elected one of the Judges of the Circuit Court; in 1820 was chosen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823; in 1828 was elected to the State Legislature, and was made Speaker; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1827 to 1835; in 1835 was elected Governor of Ala bama, serving two years; in 1837 was elected a Sena tor in Congress for the term ending in 1842. Died in Huntsville, Alabama, September 9, 1866. Clay, Clement C., Jr.; was born in Madison, Alabama, about the year 1819; graduated at the University of Alabama, and spent two years at the University of Virginia; studied law, and commenced the practice at Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840; served in the Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844, and 1845; was elected by the Legislature, in 1846, Judge of the Madison County Court, serving two years, when he resigned; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; 98 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in 1853 was elected a Senator in Congress from Ala bama; in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six yeai s, receiving every vote in the Legislature; was expelled from the Senate March 14, 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year; was subsequently confined in Fortress Monroe as a prisoner of state, but finally released by President Johnson on parole. Clay, Henry; was born in Hanover County, Vir ginia;, April 12, 1777; received a common school education; became, at an early age, a copyist in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Chancery, at Rich mond; at the age of nineteen commenced the study of law; shortly afterwards removed to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1799, and soon obtained extensive practice ; began his politi cal career by taking an active part in the election of Delegates to frame a new Constitution for the State of Kentucky; in 1803 was elected to the Legislature; in 1806 was appointed to the United States Senate for the remainder of the term of General Adair, who had re signed; in 1807 was again elected a member of the General Assembly of Kentucky, and was chosen Speaker; in the following year fought a duel with Humphrey Marshall ; in 1809 was elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired term of Mr. Thurston, resigned; in 1811 was elected a mem ber of the House of Representatives ; was chosen Speaker on the first day of his appearance in that body, and was five times re-elected to this office ; during this session his eloquence aroused the country to resist the aggressions of Great Britain, and awakened a national spirit; in 1814 was appointed one of the Commissioners to negotiate a treaty of peace at Ghent; returning from this mission, was re-elected to Congress, and in 1818 spoke in favor of recognizing the independence of the South Ameri can Republics; in the same year put forth his strength in behalf of a national system of internal improve ments; a monument of stone, inscribed with his name, was erected on the Cumberland Road, to commem orate his services in behalf of that improvement; in the session of 1819- 20 he exerted himself for the establishment of protection to American industry, and this was followed by services in adjusting the Missouri Compromise; after the settlement of these questions he withdrew from Congress, in order to at tend to his private affairs; in 1823 returned to Con gress, and was re-elected Speaker; and at this session exerted himself in support of the independence of Greece ; under John Quincy Adams filled the office of Secretary of State; the attack upon Mr. Adams ad ministration, and especially upon the Secretary of State, by John Randolph, led to a hostile meeting between him and Mr. Clay, which terminated with out bloodshed; in 1829 returned to Kentucky, and in 1831 was elected to the United States Senate, where he commenced his labors in favor of the tariff; in the same month of his re-appearance in the Senate was unanimously nominated for President of the United States; in 1836 was re-elected to the Senate, where he remained until 1842, when he resigned and took his final leave, as he supposed, of that body ; in 1839 was again nominated for the Presidency, but General Harrison was elected; also received the nomination in , 1844 for President, and was defeated in this election t by Mr. Polk; remained in retirement in Kentucky, until 1849, when he was again elected to the Senate of the United States for the term ending in 1855; ,here he devoted all bis energies to the measures (known as the Compromise Acts; his efforts during (this session impaired his strength, and he went, for his health, to Havana and New Orleans, but with no permanent advantage; returned to Washington, but >was unable to participate in the active duties of the Seriate, and resigned his seat, to take effect upon the 6th of September, 1852. Died in Washington City, June 29, 1852. He was interested in the success of the Colonization Society, and was for a long time one of its most efficient officers, and also its President; his "Life and Letters, " and also, his "Speeches," were published in several volumes by the late Calvin Colton. Clay, James B.; was born in Washington City, November 9, 1817; received a classical education at Transylvania University, in Kentucky, and at the age of fifteen went to Boston, where he spent two years in a counting-house; from Boston emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city of only eight thou sand people, and settled upon a farm; when twenty- one years of age returned to Kentucky; after spend ing two years in the manufacturing business, gradu ated at the Law School of Lexington, and practiced law as the partner of his father, the Honorable Henry Clay, \intil 1849; during that year President Taylor appointed him Charge. d Affa ires to Lisbon ; having re turned home by order of the Government, was men tioned by name in President Fillmore s Message of 1850; in 1851 again took up his residence in Missouri; returned to Kentucky in 1853, when he became the proprietor of Ashland; was elected to Congress in 1857, serving one term on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was a member of the Peace Convention of 1861, held in Washington; was identified with the Rebellion of 1861. Died in Montreal, January 26, 1864. Clay, James F.; was born at Henderson, Ken tucky, October 29, 1840; received a classical educa tion, graduating from Georgetown College, Kentucky, in 186; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1861, and engaged in practice at Henderson; was a State Senator from 1872 to 1875; was elected a Rep resentative from Kentucky to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Clay, John Randolph ; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, in 1808; spent his youth with his god-father, John Randolph, in Virginia; in 1830 went to Russia as Secretary of Legation; in 1836 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the same country ; in 1838 was made Secretary of Legation to Austria ; in 1845 went back to Russia in the same capacity; in 1847 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Peru, and in 1853 raised to the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary to the same country, remaining there until 1860, when he returned to the United States; he was the son of Joseph Clay. Clay, Joseph ; was a member of the Revolution ary Committee of 1774 and 1775; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, when he resigned; was Judge of the District Court of Georgia from 1796 to 1801; was Paymaster-General of the Southern Department during the Revolution. Died at Savannah, Georgia, January, 1805. His son, bearing the same name, was a prominent Judge and Baptist preacher. Another son, John Randolph, was distinguished as a diplomat. Clay, Matthew ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1797 to 1813. Died in 1815. Clay, Thomas H.; was born in 1803, in Ken tucky, and son of Henry Clay; in 1862 was appointed Minister Resident to Nicaragua, where he remained until 1866 ; during the same period was accredited as Minister to Honduras. Died in Lexington, Ken tucky, March 18, 1871. Clayton, Alexander M.; was an early emigrant to Arkansas when it was a Territory; in 1835 was appointed one of the United States Judges for that district. BIOGRAPHICAjr ANNALS. nn Clayton, Augustin S.; was born in Fredericks^ burg, Virginia, November 27, 1783; was educated at the University of Georgia; read law, and practiced it with eminent success; served iu the State Legisla ture; was appointed Judge of the Superior Court; was a Presidential Elector in 1829; was a Represent ative in Congress from Georgia from 1831 to 1835; was for many years skeptical on the subject of the Christian religion, but at the time of his death was a sincere believer, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; he acquired some distinction as a politician, and the political pamphlet called " Crockett s Life of Van Buren," is said to have been the production of his pen. Died at Athens, Georgia, June 21, 1839. Clayton, Charles ; was born in England in 1825; was well educated; went to Wisconsin in 1842; crossed the Eocky Mountains to Oregon in 1847; ar rived in San Francisco in 1848 ; was Alcade in Santa Clara in 1849; built the flour mills there in 1852; re moved to San Francisco in 1853, and engaged in the grain and flour business; was a member of the State Legislature in 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1866; a member of the Board of Supervisors of San Francisco from 1864 to 1869; in 1870 was appointed Surveyor of Customs of the port and district of San Francisco ; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce and the Centennial Celebration. Clayton, John M.; was born in Sussex County, Delaware, July 24, 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1815; was bred to the bar, having studied law in 1he office of John Clayton, and for a time in the Law School at Litchfield, Connecticut; commenced prac tice in 1818, and soon attained eminence in his pro fession; in 1824 was elected to the State Legislature, iind subsequently Secretary of State of Delaware; in 1829 was chosen a Senator in Congress; was re-elected in 1835; resigned in December, 1836; in January, 1837, was appointed Chief Justice of Delaware, which office he resigned in 1839; was again elected to ,the Federal Senate in 1845, and was a Senator until 1849, when he became Secretary of State under President Taylor, which position he occupied until the death of Taylor, in July, 1850; during this period negotiated the famous Clayton-Bui wer Treaty; was for the third time elected to the Senate; took his seat March, 1851; died a Senator, November 9, 1856. During his last term in the Senate, he vindicated, with marked ability, the principles of the treaty which he inaugurated. At the bar he was a learned lawyer and eloquent advocate, and during his whole public career acquitted himself uprightly, with dignity, and with recognized ability. Clayton, Joshua; was a native of Delaware; practiced medicine for many years; during the scarcity -of Peruvian bark during the Revolutionary War, suc cessfully substituted for it in his practice a mixture of poplar and the root of the dogwood, in nearly qual parts, and half the quantity of the interior of the white oak; was President of Delaware from 1789 to 1793 ; Governor from 1793 to 1796 ; was chosen Senator of the United States in 1798. Died in Delaware, in August of that year. Clayton, Philip; was born in Georgia; received a liberal education; went to Washington in 1849, under the patronage of Howell Cobb, and was made Second Auditor of the Treasury Department, where he remained until 1857, when he received the ap pointment of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, remaining in that office until 1861, when he retired to take part in the Rebellion. Clayton, Powell ; was born in Delaware County Pennsylvania, August 7, 1833 ; received his education at Partridge s Military Academy, Bristol, Pennsyl vania; studied civil engineering at Wilmington, Dela ware, and followed it as a profession; entered the Union Army in Kansas, May 29, 1861, as Captain of the First Kansas Infantry; was appointed Lieuten ant-Colonel of Cavalry in. 1862; was appointed Colonel of the same in 1862; commissioned Brigadier-General in 1864; settled in Arkansas at the close of the war as a planter; was elected Governor in 1868; United States Senator in 1871, for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Territories, Engrossed Bills, Levees, Political Disabilities, and Military Aifairs. Clayton, Thomas; was born in 1778; was a Representative in Congress ironi Delaware from 1813 to 1817; United States Senator from 1823 to 1826, and again from 1837 to 1847; was, at different periods, a member of the Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Superior Court. Died in New Castle, Delaware, August 21, 1854, aged seventy-six years. Cleaveland, J. P.; was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1836 to 1839; subsequently removed to Charleston, where he became a merchant. Died May 19, 1841. Clemens, Jeremiah ; was born in Huntsville, Alabama, December 28, 1814; was educated at La Grange College and the University of Alabama; studied law at the University of Transylvania, in Kentucky; was admitted to the bar in 1834; in 1838 was appointed United States Attorney for the North ern District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840, and 1841, was elected to the State Legislature; in 1842 raised a com pany of Volunteer troops and went to Texas, having been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel; was subsequently appointed to the same office in the Regular Army ; in 1843 and 1844 was again elected to the Legislature; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; in 1848 was ap pointed Governor of the Civil and Military Department of Purchase in Mexico, which position he held until the close of the war; was a Senator in Congress from Alabama from 1849 to 1853; wa a Presidential Elector in 1856; as an author Mr. Clemens published two novels, entitled Bernard Lile and Mustang Gray," the first in 1853 and the last in 1857; was subsequently an editor. Died in Huntsville, May 21, 1865. Clemens, Sherrard ; was born at Wheeling, Vir ginia, April 28, 1826; graduated at Washington Col lege, Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by profession; dur ing political campaigns held several confidential posi tions in his native State; was elected a member of Congress from December, 1852, to March, 1853; was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pen- sio ns; in 1856 was chosen a Presidential Elector; in 1859 was wounded in a duel fought with Mr. Wise, and was prevented from attending the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce; took part in the Rebellion. Clements, Andrew J.; was born in Jackson County, Tennessee, in 1832; received a common school education; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Tennessee in 1858, after which he prac ticed his profession; in 1861 was elected a Represent ative from Tennessee in the Thirty-seventh Congress ; in 1866 was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. Clements, Isaac ; was born in Franklin County, Indiana, in 1837; graduated at the Greencastle Col- 100 BIOGRAPHICAL A X N A L S . lege in 1859, paying his own way by teaching; stud ied law; removed to Illinois, and taught school; en tered the Union Army, as Second Lieutenant of In fantry, in 1861, and remained in the service three years, during which he was wounded three times and was twice promoted for meritorious services ; was appointed Register in Bankruptcy in June, 1867 ; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Clements, Judson C.; was born in Walker County, Georgia, February 12, 1846; received a com mon school education; studied law at Cumberland University, Tennessee; was admitted to the bar in 1869, and commenced practice at La Fayette, Georgia; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, in 1872, for the term of two years, and was re-elected in 1874; was elected a State Senator in 1877; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Clements, Newton N.; was born in Tuskaloosa County, Alabama, December 23, 1837: received a classical education at the University of . bania and Harvard University, Massachusetts; studied law, but never practiced; entered the Confederate Army, in 1861, as a Captain, and rose to the rank of Colonel; was a planter and manufacturer; was President of the Tuskaloosa Manufacturing Company; was a Rep resentative in the Legislature of Alabama in 1870, 1871, 1872, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, and 1878; the last three years Speaker of the House of Representatives; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-sixth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Burwell B. Lewis. Clemson, Thomas GK; was born in Pennsylva nia; received a superior education, and devoted him self to the study of chemistry; was Cliarge d Affaires to Belgium from 1844 to 1851; subsequently resided in Maryland near Washington ; having married the daughter of John C. Calhoun, became a resident of South Carolina. Clendenen, David; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, in place of R. Beall, resigned, and again from 1815 to 1817. Cleveland, Chauncey F.; was born in Hamp ton, Connecticut, in 1799; was educated in the com mon schools of that vicinity; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; was in the Connecticut Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, 1847, and 1848, and was twice elected to Speaker; was appointed Attorney for the State in 1832; was Governor of Connecticut in 1842 and 1843; received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. ; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853; a member of the Peace Congress of 1861; Presidential Elector in 1860. Cleveland, Grover ; was born at Caldwell, New Jersey, March 18, 1837; received a common school and academic education ; was a clerk in New York City one year; in 1855 went to Buffalo, New York, and became a clerk in the employ of an uncle; stud ied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and en gaged in the practice of law at Buffalo; was Assistant District Attorney, by appointment, from 1863 to 1866; in 1870 was elected Sheriff; in 1881 was elected Mayor of Buffalo; in 1882 was elected Governor of New York for the term of three years from January, 1883; in November, 1884, was elected President of the United States, assuming the duties of his office March 4, 1885. Cleveland, Orestes ; was born in Duanesburg, Schenectady County, New York, March 2, 1829; re ceived a common school education; settled in New York City as a merchant, and subsequently in Jer sey City as a manufacturer; was in the Citv Councils in 1861 and 1862; President of the Board" of Alder men one year; was Mayor of the city in 1864, 1865, and 1866; rendered the Union cause some financial help in 1864, on his individual guarantee; was elect ed a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Terri tories and Manufactures. Clever, Charles P.; was born in Cologne, Prov ince of Russia, Germany, February 23, 1830; was educated at the Gymnasium of Cologne and Univer sity of Bonn; adopted the profession of the law; re moved to New Mexico and practiced there with suc cess; filled the offices in that Territory of United States Marshal, Attorney-General, Adjutant-General, as well as several others; was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Fortieth Congress; in 1868 pub lished a small work on the Resources of New Mexico ; his seat was successfully contested by J. F. Chavez, who was admitted during the last month of the For tieth Congress. Clifford, John Henry ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, January 16, 1809; graduated at Brown University in 1827; was a lawyer in New Bedford; was a member of the Legislature in 1835; Attorney- General of Massachusetts from 1849 to 1853, and from 1854 to 1858; Governor of the State in 1853 and 1854; President of the State Senate in 1862. Died at New Bedford, Massachusetts, January 2, 1876. Clifford, Nathan ; was born in Rumney, Graf- ton County, New Hampshire, August 18, 1803; fitted himself for college at the Haverhill Academy, and completed his education at the Hampton Literary In stitution; studied law, and, after being admitted to the bar, removed to Maine in 1827; was elected to the Legislature, from York County, in 1830, and re- elected for three years, during the last two occupying the post of Speaker; in 1834 was appointed Attorney- General for the State of Maine, which office he held four years; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843; in 1846 was appointed, by President Polk, Attorney-General of the United States, which office, he held until March, 1847, when he was ap pointed Commissioner to Mexico; when peace was declared between this country and Mexico was ap pointed Minister to that Republic; on his return to the United States settled in Portland, devoting him self to his profession; in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Clift, Joseph W.; was born in Marshfield, Mass achusetts, September 1, 1836; was educated at Phil lips Academy at Andover, where he partially lost his sight; was engaged in the business of building from 1854 to 1857; removed to Georgia in 1857; stud ied medicine at Atlanta; graduated at the Harvard Medical School in 1862; served in the army as a sur geon, and saw much service; in 1865 settled at Sa vannah, and practiced his profession; in 1867, was appointed Register of that city; was elected in 1868 a Representative, from Georgia, to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Clinch, Duncan L.; was a General in the United States Army; from 1843 to 1845 was a Representa tive in Congress from Georgia; he was a brave soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at Macon, Georgia October 28, 1849. \ *.!. BIOGRAPHICAL A N X A L S . 101 Clingan, "William ; was a Delegate, from Penn sylvania, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera tion. Clingman, Thomas L.; was born in Hnntsville, Surry County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University; studied law, but just as he was about to enter upon the practice was elected to the House of Commons of the State; on his retirement from the Legislature, in 1836, removed to Ashville, in Buncombe County; was soon after elected to a seat in the State Senate of North Carolina; in 1843 was elected to Congress, and, with the exception of one term, was a member of the House of Representa- tives until the Thirty-fifth Congress, when he .was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Att airs; on the resignation of A. Biggs, was appointed a Senator in Congress, and in November, 1858, his appointment was confirmed by the Legislature; made contributions to the science of geology and mineral ogy, and brought to light many facts connected with the mountains of North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of which it was his fortune to explore and measure, and which now bears his name ; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the Senate in July, 1861, to which he had been re-elected for the term commencing in March, 1861 ; was a Delegate to the New York Con vention of 1868. Clinton, De Witt ; was born at Little Britain, in Orange County, New York, March 2, 1769; graduated at Columbia College, with the highest honors, in 1786; studied law, but did not engage much in its practice ; was elected to the Senate of New York in 1799; in July, 1802, fought a duel with Mr. Swartwout, arising from a political controversy concerning Mr. Burr; was a Senator of the United States from 1802 to 1803; was chosen Mayor of New York in 1803, holding this office until 1815, except ing the years 1807 and 1810; while Mayor, was also for several years a State Senator, and the Lieutenant- Governor; under his auspices, the Historical Society of New York, of which he was at one time President, and the Academy of Fine Arts were incorporated, the New York City Hall was founded, the Orphan As- lum established, and the city fortified; took a great interest, as early as 1817, in, and did more than any other man in behalf of the Erie Canal, and that great work was finished during his administration as Gov ernor, in 1825; in 1812 consented to become the can didate of the Peace party for the Presidency of the United States; in 1823 and 1824 was President of the Board of Canal Commissioners, and during the latter year was elected Governor of the State, and in 1826 was re-elected to the same office; afterwards declined the embassy to England, offered to him by President Adams. Died at Albany, February 11, 1828. Clinton, George ; was born in Ulster County, New York, July 26, 1739; commenced life by sailing as a privateer; served as a Lieutenant in the expedi tion against Fort Frontenac; afterwards studied law; was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and also of the Provincial Congress in 1775; was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1777; was Governor of New York for eighteen years; from 1795 to 1800 lived in retirement; was again chosen Governor in 1804; was elected Vice-President of the United States during the year 1804, and retained the office until his death, consequently officiating as President of the Senate a period of eight years. Died at Washington, District of Columbia, April 20, 1812. Clinton, George, Jr.; was born in New York; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1801 and 1802; was Representative in Congress from that State from 1804 to 1809. Clinton, James G.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1841 to 1845. Clinton, Thomas; was a native of Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1831, and for a second term from 1833 to 1835. Clop ton, David; was born in Georgia in 1820; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures ; resigned in Feb ruary, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion of that year. Clopton, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1816. Died September 11, 1816. Clowney, Williaki K.; was born in South Car olina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1828; adopted the profession of the law; was Com missioner in Equity of South Carolina; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. Clymer, George ; was born in Philadelphia in 1739; was a patriot of the Revolution; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and early espoused the cause of his country; in 1773 resolutely opposed the sale of tea sent out by the British Government, and not a pound was sold in Philadelphia; in 1775 was one of the first Continental Treasurers ; in 1776 was a mem ber of Congress, and signed the Declaration of Inde pendence; in 1774 his furniture was destroyed by the enemy; in 1780 co-operated with Robert Morris in the establishment of a bank for the relief of the country; was a member of the old Congress in 1780, and a Representative, under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, from Pennsylvania; was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Consti tution, and signed that instrument; in 1791 was placed at the head of the Excise Department in Penn sylvania; in 1796 was sent to Georgia to negotiate a treaty with the Creek and Cherokee Indians; was af terwards President of the Philadelphia Bank and of the Academy of Fine Arts. Died at Morrisville, Bucks County, January 23, 1813. Clymer, Hiester; was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1827; graduated at Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1847; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849; pursued his profession in that county until 1851; removed to Pottsville, and there practiced until 1856, when he settled in Reading; in 1860 represented Berks Coun ty in the Board of Revenue Commissioners of the State; in the same year attended the National Demo cratic Convention in Charleston and Baltimore; was a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania from October, 1860, until he resigned, when nominated, in 1866, a candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania; in 1868 again represented his District in the Demo cratic Convention which met at New York; in 1870 was appointed a member of the State Board of Pub lic Charities; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Lands; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committees on Library and on Ex penditures in the War Department; re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Died June 12, 1884. Cobb, Amasa ; was born in Crawford County, Illinois, September 27, 1823; received a common 102 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. school education; emigrated to Wisconsin Territory in 1842; spent five years in the lead-mining business; served in the Mexican War as a private soldier; read law, and at the end of the war began its practice ; in 1850 was elected a District Attorney, and served four years; in 1854 was elected to the State Senate, and served two years; in 1855 was appointed Adjutant- General of the State, and again in 1857; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860; re-elected in 1861, and chosen Speaker; in 1861 and 1862 served in the Volunteer service as Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment; was elected a Representative from Wis consin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia, and Chairman of the Joint Committee on Enrolled bills ; during the recess of Congress was again commissioned a Colonel, and raised the Forty-third Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, which he commanded until July, 1865, when he was mustered out; was bre vetted for gal lant services at Williamsburg, Golden s Farm, and Antietam; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Enrolled Bills, District of Columbia, and Mines and Mining; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public Buildings and Grounds, and Military Affairs. Cobb, Clinton L.; was born in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, August 25, 1842; attended school; and then went into a counting-room; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867; was a candi date for Congress in 1868, but withdrew in favor of J. R. French; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty- second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, War Claims, and Chairman of Freedmen s Affairs. Oobb, David ; was born in Attleborough, Massa chusetts, September 14, 1748 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1776, and adopted the medical profession; served in the Revolution in 1777, as Lieutenant- Colonel; served as an Aid to General Washington with the rank of Colonel ; was promoted to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; after the war was made Judge of a County Court; was elected to the Legis lature, and served as Speaker from 1789 to 1793; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to 1795; was President of the State Senate from 1801 to 1805; Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1809; a State Councilor in 1808, and from 1812 to 1818; was subsequently appointed Major-General of the State Militia. Died April 17, 1830. Cobb, George T.; was born in New Jersey; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on In valid Pensions. Cobb, Howell ; the uncle of Secretary Cobb, and for whom the latter was named; was born in Gran- ville, North Carolina; was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1807 to 1812; during the last war with England served with credit as a Captain in the army, and after peace was declared settled upon a plantation, and devoted his whole attention to ag riculture. Died about the year 1820. Cobb, Howell ; was born at Cherry Hill, in Jef ferson County, Georgia, September 7, 1815; when a child, his father removed to Athens, Georgia, where he subsequently resided; graduated at Franklin Col lege in 1834; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836; was a Presidential Elector in that year; in 1837 received the appointment of Solicitor-General of the Western Circuit, which office he held four years; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1842; re- elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, and during his latter term was elected Speaker; on his retirement from Congress, was chosen Governor of Georgia; in 1855 was again elected to Congress; on the accession of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, went into his cabi net as Secretary of the Treasury; took a prominent part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; was a member of the so-called Confederate Congress, and a Brigadier-Gen eral. Died in New York City, October 9, 1868. Cobb, B. W.; was born at Ashville, Alabama, February 25, 1829; was educated at the University at Knoxville, Tennessee; studied law, and commenced practice in 1855; was elected State Senator in 1872; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven tion of 1875; was re-elected State Senator in 1876, and was elected President of the Senate ; was elected Governor of Alabama in 1878, and re-elected in 1880, serving until 1882. Cobb, Stephen Alonzo; was born in Madison, Maine, June 17, 1833; received a common school edu cation; removed to Minnesota in 1850; worked in the lumbering business for four years, while preparing for college; entered Beloit College in 1854; graduated at Brown University in 1858; settled in W yandotte, Kansas, in 1859, and commenced the practice of the law; entered the army in 1862, served through the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; was Mayor of Wyandotte in 1862 and 1868; a member of the State Senate in 1862, 1869, and 1870; Speaker of the House in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Roads and the State Department. Cobb, Thomas B.; was born in Lawrence Coun ty, Indiana, July 2, 1828; was reared on a farm; at tended the Bloomington University; studied law, and commenced practice at Bedford, Indiana, in 1853; was a State Senator from 1858 to 1866; removed to Vin- cennes, Indiana, in 1867; was President of the Dem ocratic State Convention in 1876, and a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of that year; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty - seventh Con gresses; re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress, and again re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Cobb, Thomas W.; was born in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1784; attained a high position as a lawyer ; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1817 to 1821, and again from 1823 to 1824; was a Senator in Congress from 1824 to 1828; was subsequently chosen a Judge of the Superior Court; died in Greensborough, February 1, 1830. He was the author of many political essays. Cobb, "Williamson B. "W.; was born in Ray County, Tennessee, in 1807; in 1809 his father re moved to Madison County, Alabama, with the pros perity of which State his name was identified for many years ; received a good common school educa tion, and then turned his attention to farming; from this pursuit was called in 1845 to a seat in the State Legislature, where he remained two years; in 1847 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ala bama, in which capacity he served his adopted State by successive re-elections down to 1860; during eight years of his Congressional career officiated as Chair man of the Committee on Unfinished Business, and the remainder of the time as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Lands; the credit is awarded him of having engineered through Congress the Bounty Land Bill of 1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854; was killed by the accidental discharge of a pistol, in Alabama, in November, 1864. He had served in the Confederate Congress, but was expelled therefrom oa account of disloyalty to the Confederacy. B I O <; K A r H I C A L ANNALS. 103 Coburn, Abner; was born in Maine; was Gov ernor of that State from 1862 to 1863. Coburn, John ; was born in Philadelphia; was well educated; adopted the profession of the law, which he abandoned in 1784; removed to Lexington, Kentucky, and engaged in mercantile business; in 1794 removed to Mason County, and was soon after appointed Judge of the District Court ; upon the re-organization of the courts was Judge of the Circuit Court, which office he held until 1805; was appointed Judge of the Territory of Michigan, by President Jefferson, but declined ; was then ap pointed Judge of the Territory of Orleans, and held his courts in St. Louis; resigned in 1809, and was appointed, by President Madison, Collector of Revenue for the Fourth District of Kentucky, which office he held for several years; and was the last pub lic position he held; in 1813 joined Governer Shelby as a member of his staff, and held the post for a short time. Died in February, 1823. Coburn, John ; was born in Indianapolis, Indi ana, October 27, 1825; graduated at Wabash College in 1846; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the Twelfth District from 1859 to 1861; resigned, and served in the army during the Rebellion, first as Colonel of the Thirty-third Regiment Indiana Vol unteers; was promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General for gallant and meritorious services; was with the Army of the Cumberland, and having gone with General Sherman to Atlanta, received in per son the surrender of that city; in October, 1865, was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indi ana, which office, he resigned in August, 1866 ; in the subsequent autumn was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Pub lic Expenditures; re-elected to the three subsequent Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs and Public Expenditures. Coburn, Stephen ; was born in Maine; in Jan uary, 1861, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of Israel Washburn, Jr., resigned. Cochran, Alexander G-.; was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1845; was educated in his native city and at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts; left school in 1861; entered the Columbia Law School in 1864 ; was admitted to the bar in 1866, and practiced in Pittsburg; in 1874 was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Forty-fourth Congress. Cochran, James; was a Major of Militia; rep resented the State of New York in Congress from 1797 to 1799. Died at Oswego, New York, Novem ber 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine years. He was at one time Postmaster of Oswego. Cochran, John P.; was Governor of Delaware from 1875 to 1879. Cochrane, Clark B.; was born in New Boston, New Hampshire, May 31, 1815; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, New York; a lawyer by pro fession; member of the New York Legislature in 1843 and 1844; was a Representative in the Thirty-filth Congress from New York, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department; was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; again elected to the Assembly in 1865. Died at Albany, March 5, 1867,. Cochrane, John; was born at Palatine, Mont gomery County, New York; studied at Union College and graduated at Hamilton College, New York; a lawyer by profession; was Surveyor of the port of New York for four years; was elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce; also served as a General of Volunteers in the Union Army in 1861 and 1862; was subsequently elected Attorney-General of the State of New York; in 1864 was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with J. C. Fre mont; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866, and that of Chicago in 1868; in 1869 was appointed Revenue Collector for the Sixth District of New York. Cocke, John ; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, 1772; in early life emigrated to Tennessee; adopted the profession of the law; became a member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796; was Speaker of the House for many years; was also a member of the Senate; from 1819 to 1827 was a Rep resentative in Congress from his adopted State. Died in Grand v County, Tennessee, February 16, 1854. Cocke, "William ; was born in Virginia; partic ipated in the military, civil, legislative, and judicial services of that State; on removing to Tennessee, be came a General of Militia; served in the State Legis lature in 1813 ; became one of the Judges of the Cir cuit Court; was a Senator in Congress from Tennessee in 1797, but was superseded by A. Jackson; was again a Senator from 1799 to 1805; in 1814 was ap pointed, by President Madison, Indian Agent for the Clyckasaw nation. Cocke, William M.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1849. Cockerill, Joseph R.; was born in Virginia; removed to Ohio ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittees on Public Expenditures and Expenses in the War Department. Died at West Union, Ohio, Octo ber 23, 1875. Cockran, James; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina from 1809 to 1813. CocKrell, Francis Marion ; was born near War- rensburg, Missouri, October 1, 1834; received a com mon school education, but finished his studies at Chapel Hill College, in Lafayette County, Missouri, an institution belonging to the Cumberland Presby terian Church; worked upon his father s farm; studied law, and on coming to the bar devoted himself to the practice of the profession ; was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri for the term ending in 1881 ; was re-elected for the term ending in 1887. Coffee, John ; was a member of Congress from Georgia from 1833 to 1837. Died in Telfair County, of that State, September 25, 1836. Coffey, Titian J.; was born in Pennsylvania; educated for the legal profession; in 1861 was ap pointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, holding the position until 1864. Coffin, Charles GK; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1839; subsequently settled in Cincinnati as a lawyer. Coffin, Peleg 1 ; was born September, 1756; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to 1795; served a number of years in the State 104 BIOGRAPHICAL A N N A L S . Senate; was State Treasurer from 1797 to 1802. Died March 6, 1805. Coffroth, Alexander H.;- was born in Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1828; was self-educated; read law, and commenced the practice in 1851 ; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860; was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Expenditures in the Interior* Department; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, but his seat was suc cessfully contested by Mr. Koontz; in 1867 was ap pointed, by President Johnson, an Assessor of Inter nal Revenue; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1872; was again elected a Representative to the Forty-sixth Congress. Coggeshall, William T.; was born in Pennsyl vania, and a resident of Philadelphia; subsequently removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was connected with the press; became State Librarian of Ohio; afterwards identified himself with the Springfield Republican and the Columbus Journal; in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident at Ecuador, where he died August 2, 1867. Coghlan, John M.; was born in Louisville, Kentucky, December 8, 1835; removed to Illinois in 1847, and in 1850 emigrated to California; was self- educated ; a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the California Legislature in 1865; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as a Representative of his adopted State, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and Naval Affairs. Ooit, Joshua ; was born in New London, Connec ticut, October?, 1758; graduated at Harvard Univer sity in 1776; studied law, and settled in New London in 1779; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1793 to 1798; served a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut. Died in New London, September 5, 1798, of yellow fever. Coke, Richard ; was a lawyer by profession, and possessed talents of a high order, and an energy seldom equaled; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, and for many years a prominent member of the bar. Died in Abingdon Virginia, March 30, 1851. Coke, Richard; was born at Williamsbtirg, Vir ginia, March 13, 1829; was educated at William and Mary College; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850, and settled at Waco, Texas, in the practice of his profession; served in the Confederate Army as a commissioned officer; was appointed District Judge in 1865; in 1866 was elected a Judge of the State Su preme Court; after serving one year was removed under the Reconstruction Act; in 1873 was elected Governor of Texas, and was re-elected in 1876; re signed in 1877, having been elected a United States Senator from Texas for the term of six years from March 4, 1877; was re-elected for the term ending in 1889. Colby, A.; was born in New London, New Hamp shire, in 1793; early took a special interest in local military affairs; in 1828 was elected to the State Legislature, and served through twelve terms; in 1846 became Governor of New Hampshire; in 1801 was made Adjutant- General of the State; was sub sequently a Provost-Marshal; a Trustee of Dartmouth College; founded an academy at New London; also endowed a Baptist Literary and Theological Institu tion in that town. Died there July 20, 1873. Colby, Stoddard B.; was born in Vermont in 1816; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836; studied law and practiced the profession at Mont- pelier; in 1864 was appointed Register of the United States Treasury at Washington. Died September 21, 1867, in Haverhill, New Hampshire. Colcock, William F.; was born in South Caro lina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1823; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Legislature and Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1849 to 1853. Colden, Cadwallader D.; was. for many years, a prominent member of the New York bar; served in the Legislature of that State; held the post of District Attorney of the United States for many years; was at one time Mayor of New York; was a member of Con gress from 1821 to 1823; was an early and intimate friend of Robert Fulton, and wrote his biography; was highly respected for his talents and virtues. Died in Jersey City, New Jersey, February 7, 1834, aged sixty-five years. Cole, Cornelius ; was born in Lodi, New York, September 17, 1822; bred a farmer; graduated at the Wesleyan University in Connecticut; adopted the profession, of the law; emigrated to California in 1849, and mined for gold one year; subsequently prosecuted his profession in San Francisco and Sacramento; was District Attorney at the latter place for two years; in 1863 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; from 1856 to 1860 was a member of the National Republican Committee, and during the Presidential campaign of 1860 was the editor of a newspaper in California; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Commit tees on Appropriations, Manufactures, and Claims; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention" of 1866. Cole, Georg-e E.; was born in Oneida County, New York, December 22. 1826; went to Iowa in 1849; crossed the plains to California in 1850, and went to Oregon the same year; was a member of the Oregon Legislature in 1851, 1852, and 1853; during the years 1859 and 1860 was Clerk of the United States District Court for Oregon; removed to Washington Territory in 1861; in 1863 was elected a Delegate from Wash ington Territory to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Cole, Orsamus ; was born in New York ; removed to Wisconsin at an early day; was appointed United States Judge for that Territory; was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin from 1849 to 1851. Cole, Nathan ; was born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 26, 1825; received a common school education, and pursued a partial course of study at Shurtleft College, Illinois; became a merchant, Vice-President of two leading banks in his native city, and Director in a number of other corporations; was Mayor of Saint Louis from 1869 to 1871; was President of the Merchants Exchange of that city in 1876; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-fifth Congress. Cole, William Hinson ; was born at Baltimore. Maryland, January 11, 1837, his father being a de scendant of an old Maryland family; his early edu cation was acquired in the public schools, and later he attended an academy, and then went through a collegiate course; studied law and in his twenty -first year was admitted to the bar at Baltimore; after a brief practice studied medicine; served on the inedi- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 105 cal staff of the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; at its close engaged in journalism in Balti more; became editor and proprietor of the Evening Journal, and subsequently city editor of the Baltimore Gazette; in 1870 was Deputy Register of the city, and resigned to accept the office of Chief Clerk of the First Branch of the City Council ; was Reading Clerk of the Maryland House of Representatives from 1872 to 1884, with the exception of one session; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty- ninth Congress. Died, in Washington City, J uly 8, 1886. Coleman, Daniel; was born in North Carolina; in 1836 was appointed third Postmaster-General, holding the office until 1841. Coleman, Nicholas D.; was born in Harrison County, Kentucky, in 1800; was educated chiefly at the University of Transylvania in 1822; studied law, and engaged in its practice with success; in 1824 and 1825 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1829 to 1831; was soon afterwards appointed Postmaster of Marysville, and to the same position in Vicksburg from 1841 to 1844; was also, for a time, President of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Died in May, 1874, at Vicksburg. Colerick, "Walpole GK; was born at Fort "Wayne, Indiana, August 1, 1845; adopted the profession of the law; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Coles, Edward ; was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, December 15, 1786; graduated at William and Mary College in 1807; was Private Secretary to President Madison, who sent him on a mission to Russia in 1817; on his return, in 1818, removed to Illinois, taking with him his slaves, whom he had liberated ; was Governor of that State from 1823 to 1826; removed to Philadelphia in 1833; read before the Philadelphia Historical Society, in 1856, "A His tory of the Ordinance of 1787," which was published, 8vo. Died in Philadelphia, July 7, 1868. Coles, Isaac ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1797; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Coles, "Walter; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1845. Colfax, Schuyler; was born in New York City, March 23, 1823; was a grandson of William Colfax, a General in the Army of the Revolution under Gen eral Washington; attended a public school; was a merchant s clerk for three years; in 1836 removed with his widowed mother to Indiana, where he held a county office and studied law; in 1845 established the St. Joseph Valley Jlri/inter, at South Bend, which he conducted until 1855; in 1850 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention; " in 1848 a"nd 1852 a Delegate to the "Whig National Conventions " of those years, and was Secretary to each; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and to successive Congresses, including the Fortieth, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post- Offices, and as Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; waschosen Speaker during the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was twice re-elected to the same position; in 1865 made an overland journey to the Pacific Coast, which formed the subject of a popular lecture, which he de livered in several States; in 1868 he was elected to the office of Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with General Gr mt for President; after the close of his term devoted himself to lecturing. Died January 13, 1885. Collamer, Jacob ; was born in Troy, New York, in 1792; when a child removed, with his father, to Burlington, Vermont; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1810; served as a subaltern during the first campaign of the last war with England; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813; practiced his profession until 1833, during which time he was for several years a member of the State Legislature, and from 1833 to 1841 was Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont; in 1843 took his seat as a Repre sentative in Congress from Vermont, serving by re- elections until 1849; in March of that year was ap pointed Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of Presi dent Taylor; resigned in 1850, with the rest of the Cabinet, on the death of the President, and was soon afterwards re-appointed on the Supreme Bench of his State, which office he held until 1854, when he was elected a Senator in Congress from Vermont for six years from 1855; in 1861, was re-elected for the term ending in 1867, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Post-Offices and Post Roads, also that on the Library, and as a member of several other important Committees; received the degree of LL.D from the University of Vermont, and from Dartmo uth College, New Hampshire. Died in Woodstock, Vermont, No vember 8, 1865. Collier, Henry Watkins ; was born in Lunen- burg County, Virginia, January 17, 1801; was edu cated in Abbeville District, South Carolina; removed to Alabama in 1818; was admitted to the bar in 1821; began to practice in Huntsville; in 1823 removed to Tuscaloosa; was Judge of the Circuit Court of that District from 1827 to 1837; Chief Justice of Alabama from 1837 to 1849; Governor from 1849 to 1853. Died at Bailey s Springs, Alabama, August 28, 1855. Collier, John A.; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1831 to 1838. Collin, John F.; was born in Hillsdale, Colum bia County, New York. April 30, 1802; received a common school education; devoted himself to agri cultural pursuits; served in the State Legislature in 1834 ; was, for some years, a member of the County Board of Supervisors; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Collins, Ela ; was born in Meriden, Connecticut, February 14, 1786; studied law, and commenced practice in Oneida County, New York; was, for twenty years, a District Attorney, displaying ability as an advocate, and during the latter part of his life devoted much attention to farming; commanded a regiment of Militia near Sackett s Harbor, New York, in 1814; represented Lewis County in the Legislature of the State; in 1821 was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention; was in Congress from New York, from 1823 to 1825. Died at Lowville, Lewis County, November 23, 1848. Collins, Francis D.; was born in Saugerties, Ul ster County, New York, March 5, 1844; was educated at St. Joseph College and Wyoming Seminary, Penn sylvania; read law, and came to the bar in Luzeriie County in 1866; was elected a District Attorney in 1869; was elected to the State Senate in 1872, 1873, and 1874. and in the latter year was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Collins, John ; was Governor of Rhode Island from 1786 to 1789, succeeding William Greene; was a patriot of the Revolution, a Delegate to the old Con gress from 1778 to 1783, and a signer of the Articles 106 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. of Confederation; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1789. Died at Newport, in March, 1795, aged seventy-eight. Collins, John ; was Governor of Delaware from 1820 to his death, which occurred at Wilmington, Delaware, April 15, 1822. Collins, Patrick A.; was born near Fermoy, Ireland, March 12, 1844; emigrated to the United States when a boy, settling in Massachusetts; re- cei\ % ed a common school education; became a me chanic; read law, graduated from Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in Boston, Massa chusetts, in 1871 ; located there in the practice of his profession ; Avas a member of the State House of Rep resentatives in 1868 and 1869; State Senator in 1870 and 1871; Judge Advocate General of the State in 1875; was elected a Representative from Massa chusetts to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Collins, Thomas ; was born in 1732; was High Sheriff of Kent County, Delaware; a member of the Council for four years; Brigadier-General of Militia from 1776 to 1783; a member of the Assembly, and Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas; was Governor of Delaware from 1786 to 1789. Died near Duck Creek, Kent County, Delaware, March 29, 1789. Collins, William ; was born in Virginia; in 1844 was appointed First Auditor of the Treasury, in which position he remained until 1849. Collins, William ; was born in Oneida County, New York; studied law; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849 ; was Dis trict Attorney for Lewis County, until he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Colman, Norman J. ; was born near Richfield Springs, Otsego County, New York, in 1827; received an academic education, and took the degree of Bach elor of Law at Louisville (Kentucky) Law Univer sity in 1849; commenced the practice of law at New Albany, Indiana; was elected District Prosecuting Attorney in 1851; removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1853, and founded Colman s Rural World, an agricul tural paper ; was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen for the city of St. Louis in 1855; was elec ted a Representative in the Legislature of the State of Missouri in 1865; was nominated for Lieutenant- Governor of the State, by the Democratic State Con vention, in 1868, and, with the entire ticket, was de feated; was again nominated for Lieutenant-Gover nor in 1874, and was elected and served throughout his term; was President of the Missouri. State Horti cultural Society; a member, and President, of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture; President of the Mississippi Valley Cane Growers Association, and of the National Sugar Growers Association; President of the Missouri Horse Breeders Associa tion; President of the American Association of Nur serymen, Florists and Seedsmen; Vice President of the American Horticultural Society, and also of the American Pomological Society, and was prominently identified with the organization and development of many societies in the interest of agriculture; was one of the promoters and Directors, and the first Secre tary of the now famous St. Louis Fair Association; April 3, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, United States Commissioner of Agriculture, an appointment which has received the approval of the leading agriculturists of the country. Colquitt, Alfred H.; was born in Georgia, April 20, 1824; received a classical education, graduating from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1844; studied law and engaged in practice, but soon abandoned the profession and became a planter, in which avocation he was very successful ; was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1853 to 1855; was a Presi dential Elector in 1860; entered the Confederate Army as Colonel, and, by distinguished gallantry, won pro motion to the rank of Major-General; was President of the State Agricultural Society for six years; was elected Governor of Georgia in 1876 by the largest majority ever received by a candidate in that State; continued in office, by re-election, until 1882, when he was elected a Senator of the United States from Georgia for the term of six years, from March 4, 1883. Colquitt, W. T.; was born in Halifax County, Virginia, December 27, 1799; was educated at Prince ton College; was admitted to the bar in 1820; was a Brigadier-General of Militia at the age of twenty- one; in 1826 was appointed a District Judge, and held the first court ever held in Columbus; was ap pointed to the same office in 1829; was a member of the State Senate in 1834 and 1837 ; a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1839 to 1843; a Sena tor in Congress from 1843 to 1849; was a member of the Nashville Convention in 1850. Died at Macon, Georgia, May 7, 1855. Colston, Ed-ward ; was born in Berkeley Coun ty, Virginia, in 1788; graduated at Princeton College in 1806; served for a long time as Magistrate of the county, and in the capacity of High Sheriff; was fre quently a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1819. Died April 23, 1851. Colt, LeBaron B.; was born at Dedham, Massa chusetts, June 25, 1846; received a classical educa tion, graduating at Yale College in 1868; studied law at Columbia College Law School; was admitted to the bar of New York in 1870; after a year of travel abroad, commenced the practice of law in Chicago, Illinois; in 1875 removed to Bristol, Rhode Island; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1879 and 1880; in March, 1881, was appointed, by Presi dent Garfield, United States District Judge for the District of Rhode Island. Comegys, Cornelius P.; was born in Delaware; was Governor of that State from 1837 to 1840. Comeg-ys, Joseph P.; son of Cornelius P. Co- megys, formerly Governor of the State of Delaware; was born in St. Jones s Neck, at Cherbourg, near Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813; was educated at Dover Academy; in May, 1831, entered the office of J. M. Clayton, as a student of law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1835; was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and 1848; in January, 1851, was appointed, by the General Assembly, one of a committee of three to revise the Statutes of the State; in November, 1856, was chosen, by the Governor, to fill the vacancy in the,United States Senate occasioned by the death of John M. Clayton; was a delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Convention" of 1866. Comingo, Abram ; was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, January 9, 1820; received a liberal educa tion; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847; re moved to Missouri in 1848; was elected a member of the Missouri State Convention in 1861; appointed Provost-Marshal in May, 1863; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Indian and Freedmen s Affairs. Comins, Linus B.; was born inCharlton, Massa chusetts, in 1817; graduated at the "Worcester BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 10: County Manual Labor High School;" was devoted to mercantile pursuits and to manufacturing ; was a member of the Roxbury City Council in 1846, and in 1847 and 1848 was President of the Council; in 1854 was Mayor of Roxbury; was soon after elected to Congress from Massachusetts, and continued in that position to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Comly, James M.; was a resident of Ohio; in 1877 was appointed United States Minister to the Hawaiian Islands. Compton, Barnes ; was born at Port Tobacco, Charles County,. Maryland, November 16, 1830; was educated in the county schools until 1844, when he entered Charlotte Hall Academy, remaining there until 1847 ; then entered the Freshman Class at Princeton College, New Jersey, where he graduated in 1851 ; returned to Charles County, and took charge of his estates as a planter; was County Commissioner of Schools; was nominated for the State Senate in 1856, but declined; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, in 1859, without opposition; in 1866 was elected State Senator for four years; in 1867 a change in the law necessitated a new election, and he was again elected to the Senate and, upon the assembling of the Legislature, was elected President of the Senate ; at the end of two years was re-elected for a full term and was again elected President of the Senate; in 1872 was appointed State Inspector of Tobacco; in 1874 was elected, by the Legislature, Treasurer of the State, and served, by re-election, more than eleven years; in the same year settled in Baltimore; in 1877 became a member of the Board of Managers of the State Hospital for the Insane; in 1879 was made Treasurer of the Board, and continued in that position; in 1880 removed to Laurel, Mary land; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-ninth Congress. Comstock, Charles O.; was born at Sullivan, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, March 5, 1818; received a common school education; removed to Westmoreland, in the same county, in 1837; to Graf- ton County, New Hampshire, in 1852, and to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1853; engaged in farming and manufacturing, in which he continued with success; was also engaged in the lumber business, beginning with the year 1842; was elected Mayor of Grand Rapids in 1863, and re-elected in 1864; was the Dem ocratic candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1870, the People s candidate for Congress in 1873, and the Greenback candidate for Congress in 1878, but was defeated in each instance; in 1884 was elected a Rep resentative from Michigan to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Comstock, George F.; Avas born in Williams- town, Osvvego County, New York, August 24, 1811; graduated at Union College in 1834; taught Greek and Latin in a private school; studied law, and in 1837 came to the bar in Syracuse, which became his place of residence; in 1847 was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Court of Appeals, and pub lished four volumes; in 1852 was appointed Solicitor of the United States Treasury; went out of office in 1853; in 1855 was elected Judge of the Court of Ap peals, remaining on the Bench until 1861, and was Chief Justice during the last year; subsequently de voted all his attention to the practice of his profes- sion ; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1867. Comstock, Oliver C.; was bred a Baptist min ister; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1810 and 1812; a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1819; subsequently officiated as Chaplain of the House of Representatives. Died at Marshall, Michigan, January 11, 1860, aged seventy- six years. Conant, Charles F.; was born in Milford, New Hampshire, April 22, 1835; received an academic education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; became a clerk in the Treasury Department in 1868; in July, 1874, was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treas ury Department, remaining in office until April,. 1877. Condict, John; was born in 1755; was a soldier and surgeon during the Revolutionary War; was a member of the New Jersey Legislature for several years; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1799 to 1803; a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1817; was again a Representative during the years 1819 and 1820. Died May 4, 1834. Condict, Lewis ; was born at Morristown, New Jersey, in March, 1773; was a physician of eminence; from 1805 to 1810 was a member of the New Jersey Legislature, the two latter years officiating as Speaker ; in 1807 was a Commissioner for settling the boundary between New York and New Jersey; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1811 to 1817 and from 1821 to 1833; in 1841 was a Presidential Elector; was also at one time Sheriff of Morris County. Died at Mor ristown, New Jersey, May 26, 1862. Condict, Silas ; was a Delegate from New Jer sey to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1784; his son bearing the same name was a Representative in the Federal Congress. Condict, Silas ; was born in New Jersey in 1777; graduated at Princeton College in 1795; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1831 to 1833; was a member of the Convention which formed the State Constitution of 1844; was for many years President of the Newark Banking Company ; was frequently elected to the Legislature of New Jersey. Died at Newark, New Jersey, November 29, 1861. Condy, Jonathan W.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was elected Clerk of the House of Representa tives in 1797, and held the position until 1800. Conger, Edwin H.; was born in Knox County, Illinois, March 7, 1843; received a collegiate educa tion, graduating from Lombard University, Gales- burg, Illinois, in 1862; immediately after leaving college enlisted in the Union Army, and served until the close of the Civil War, as Lieutenant and Cap tain, and was brevetted Major for brave and merito rious services in the field; studied law and graduated from the Albany Law School, in 1866; was admitted to the bar and practiced law at Galesburg, Illinois, for two years; in 1868 removed to Iowa, and engaged in farming, stock-raising, and banking; was a mem ber of the Board of Supervisors of Madison County, Iowa, from 1870 to 1872; was Treasurer of Dallas County, Iowa, from 1878 to 1882; was Treasurer of the State of Iowa from 1882 to 1885; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- ninth Congress.- Conger, Harmon S.; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1847 to 1851. Conger, James L.; was born in New Jersey; on removing to Michigan, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 108 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Conger, Omar D.; was born in Cooperstown, Otse- go County, New York, in 1818; removed, with his father, to Huron County, Ohio, in 1824; graduated in 1842 at the Western Reserve College; from 1845 to 1847 was employed in the Geological Surveys of Lake Superior; in 1848 settled at Port Huron, Michigan, in the practice of law; in 1850 was elected Judge of St. Clair County; was a Senator in the State Legisla ture from 1855 to 1859, during the latter serving as President^? tern.; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; also a Presidential Elector at the ensuing election, and Messenger from Michigan to carry the vote to Washington; in 1866 was a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1868 was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce; re-elected to the three succeeding Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Commerce and as Chairman of that on Patents; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses ; resigned his seat in the latter when elected a United States Senator, from Michigan, for the term of six years, from March 4, 1881. Conkling, Alfred ; was horn in East Hampton, Suffolk County, New York, October 12, 1789; gradu ated at Union College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1812; was District Attorney for Montgomery County for two or three years; was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Seventeenth Con gress; then settled in Albany; in 1825 was appoint ed, by President Adams, Judge of the United States for the Northern District of New York, his nomination having been unanimously confirmed by the Senate; while upon the bench wrote two law books that were much needed by the profession ; one of them entitled " Conkling s Treatise," and the other "Conkling s Admiralty;" in 1852 was ap pointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to Mexico; on his return from that mission settled at Genesee, New York, and devoted himself mainly to literary pursuits, including the preparation and publication of new editions of his law books; in 1867 published a work on the Powers of the Executive Departments of the United States; " two of his sons were Repre sentatives in Congress. Died at Utica, February 5, 1874. Conkling, Frederick A.; was born in Mont gomery County, New York, August 22, 1816; was bred a merchant, and followed that occupation in the city of New York ; was a member of the Assem bly of New York in 1854, 1859, and 1860; was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. Conkling, Roscoe ; was born in Albany, New York, in 1828; received a good education; adopted the profession of the law; in 1849 was appointed District Attorney for Oneida County; in 1858 was elected Mayor of Utica, to which place he had re moved in 1846; at the close of 1858 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on a Bankrupt Law, and also as Chairman of that on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in the Thirty-ninth Congress served on the Committees on Ways and Means and Reconstruction; was re-elected a Representative to the Fortieth Congress; in January, 1867, was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, the Judiciary, and Mines and Mining; was President of :he Republican State Convention of 1867; was re- lected to the Senate for the term ending in 1879, ind was Chairman of the Committee on the Revision of Laws; was also re-elected for the term ending in L885; resigned in 1881 and devoted himself to the practice of his profession. Connelly, Henry; was born in Virginia; re moved to Kansas; in 1861 was appointed Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, residing in Santa Fe, and remaining in office until 1865. Conner, John C.; was born in Noblesville, In diana, October 27, 1842; was educated at Wabash College; entered the army in 1862 as a Lieutenant, and served until the close of the war; upon the re-or- janization of the army in 1866 was appointed a Cap tain in the Forty -first Infantry, and served in Texas; was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Died in Washington. Conner, Samuel S.; was born in New Hamp shire; graduated at Yale College in 1806; was a Lieu tenant-Colonel in the United States Army in 181? (Eighteenth Infantry) ; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817; held the office of Surveyor-General in Ohio in 1819. Died at Covington, Kentucky, December 17, 1820. Conness, John ; was born in Ireland, September 20, 1821; came to the United States when thirteen years of age; was among the first emigrants to Cali fornia, where he became engaged in mining and mer cantile pursuits; in 1852 was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected three times; in 1859 was candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of California, and in 1861 a candidate for Governor; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress from California, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad, as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining, and as a member also of that on Post Offices and Post Roads; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866. Connolly, Daniel "W.; was born at Cochecton Sullivan County, New York, April 24, 1847; in 1850 removed, with his parents, to Hyde Park, (now a par ofScranton) Pennsylvania; received a common school education ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar ii 1870 and engaged in practice at Scranton; was an unsuccessful candidate for District Attorney in 1872, although he ran ahead of his ticket; upon the organi zation of the new county of Lackawanna, in 1878, was elected President Judge but the State Supreme Court decided there was no vacancy; was an unsuc cessful candidate for Congress in 1880; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress. Connor, Henry W.; was born in Prince George County, Virginia, in August, 1793; was educated at the University of South Carolina, where he graduated in 1812; in 1814 was Aid-de-Camp to General Joseph Graham in the Creek War; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1821 to 1841, when he declined a re-election; in 1848 served in the General Assembly; declined a re-election, and retired to private life. Died in North Carolina, January 15, 1866. Connor, Selden ; was born in Fairfield, Maine, January 25, 1839; graduated at Tuft s College in 1859; studied law, but before entering upon the practice, enlisted, in 1860, and went to war as a private in a Vermont regiment; subsequently became BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 109 Lieutenant-Colonel of a Maine regiment; was pro moted to the rank of Colonel; was severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, in 1864; was then made a Brigadier-General; in 1868 was appointed an Assessor of Internal Kevenue; in 1873 a Collector of Internal Kevenue; in 1875 was elected Governor of the State of Maine. Connover, Simon B.; was born in Middlesex County, New Jersey, September 23, 1840; received a liberal education, and studied medicine; was ap pointed Assistant Surgeon in the Army of the Cum berland, in 1863, and stationed at Nashville, Tennes see; after several promotions, was ordered to Lake City, Florida, in 1866, and shortly afterwards re signed his commission; was a member of the Con vention which framed the State Constitution, in 1868; was appointed State Treasurer; was a member of the Chicago Convention, in 1868; appointed a member of the National Republican Committee, on which he served four years; was also a member of the State Executive Republican Committee; on retiring from the position of State Treasurer, at the expiration of his term of office, was elected to the State Legislature from the County of Leon, and presided over that body; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolu tionary Claims and Transportation. Conrad, Charles M.; was born in Winchester, Virginia, and when an infant went, with his father, first to Mississippi, and then to Louisiana, where he continued to reside; in 1828 was admitted to the bar in New Orleans; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress in 1842 and 1843; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1844; a Representative in Congress from Louisiana, from 1849 to August, 1850, when he became Secretary of W T ar under President Fillruore; served in the Southern Rebellion as a Brigadier-Gen eral. Conrad, Frederick ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Conrad, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815. Constable, Albert; was born in Maryland; was a Presidential Elector in 1832; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847; elected Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland in 1851. Died in Cam- den, New Jersey, in September, 1855. Contee, Benjamin ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress, in 1787 and 1788; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Converse, George L.; was born at Georgesville, Ohio, June 4, 1827; graduated at Granville College, Ohio, in 1849; was admitted to the bar in 1851, and engaged in the practice of law at Columbus, Ohio; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1860 to 1863; State Senator in 1864 and 1865; again in the lower House of the Legislature from 1873 to 1876, serving as Speaker in 1873 and 1874; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Converse, Julius; was born in Stafford, Con necticut, in 1799; was Governor of Vermont from 1872 to 1874. Died August 18, 1885. Con-way, Elias N.; was Governor of Arkansas for eight years, from 1860 to 1868. Conway, Henry W.; was born in Greene County, Tennessee; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Arkansas from 1823 to 1829. Conway, James S.; was Governor of Arkansas from 1836 to 1840, having been the first elected under the State Constitution. Conway, Martin F.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, about the year 1830; removed to Baltimore in his fourteenth year; was bred a printer, followed that business for a time, and took part in originating the National Typographical Union; studied law and practiced for several years; went to Kansas in 1854; was elected to the Council of the first Territorial Legislature ; under the Topeka Convention j was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; in I 1856 was President of the Leavenworth Consti- i tutional Convention; in 1859 was elected a Repre- j sentative from Kansas to the Thirty-seventh Con- j gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; i subsequently settled in Washington City. Died ! February 17, 1882. Cony, Samuel ; was born in Augusta, Maine, February 27, 1811; graduated at Brown University in 1829; began the practice of law in 1832; was a mem ber of the Maine Legislature in 1835 and 1862; mein- . ber of the Council in 1839; Judge of Probate from 1 1840 to 1847; State Treasurer from 1850 to 1855; Mayor of Augusta in 1854; Governor of Maine from 1864 to 1867. Died in Augusta, September 5, 1870. Cook, Burton C.; was born in Monroe County, New York, May 11, 1819; received a collegiate edu cation; adopted the profession of the law; was elected State Attorney for the Ninth Circuit in 1846, for two years; was re-elected, in 1848, for four years; was a member of the State Senate from 1852 to 1860; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Judiciary; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chairman of the Com- mitte on Roads and Canals; re-elected to the Forty- first Congress and made Chairman of the District of Columbia and Judiciary Committees. Cook, Daniel P.; was born in Scott County, Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois from 1820 to 1827, and discharged with great ability his duties as a member of the Committee of Ways and Means. By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge McLean he was considered a man of remarkable talents ; died at the age of thirty-two years, in Octo ber, 1827. Cook, John C.; was born in Seneca County, Ohio, December 26, 1846; received a common school edu cation; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1867, and engaged in the practice of law; settled in Iowa; in 1878 was elected Judge of the Sixth Judicial Dis trict; successfully contested the seat of M. E. Cutts and was declared duly elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-seventh Congress; was elected to fill the vacancy in the Forty-eighth Congress caused by the death of M. E. Cutts. Cook, John P.; was born in New York; on tak ing up his residence in Iowa, was elected a Represent ative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Cook, Orchard ; was a merchant by occupation, and for some years Sheriff of Lincoln County, Massa chusetts; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1805 to 1811. 110 BIOGRAPHIC AL ANNALS. Cook, Philip ; was born in Twiggs County, Geor gia, July 31, 1817; educated at Ogelthorpe University; read law at the University of Virginia; was elected to the State Senate in 1859, I860, and 1863; entered the Confederate service in April, 1861, as a private, and rose to be Brigadier-General; was a member of the State Convention of 1865; was elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, but not allowed to take his seat; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committee on the Militia; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty- seventh Congresses. Cook, Zadock ; was born in 1769; was frequently in the Legislature of Georgia; was a Eepresentative in Congress from 1817 to 1819; his memory is said to have been remarkable, as he could, after reading a chapter in the Bible, repeat the same from beginning to end. Cooke, Bate ; was a Eepresentative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833; from 1839 to 1841 held the office of Comptroller of New York, and was also Bank Commissioner in 1840. Died in 1841. Cooke, Eleutheros; was born in Granville, "Washington County, New York, December 25, 1787; received a liberal education, and, having studied law, practiced with success both in New York and Ohio until 1830; was a Eepresentative in Congress from Ohio from 1831 to 1833; served for many years in the Legislature of that State, before and after entering Congress, and though ostensibly living in retirement, was for many years very frequently called upon to address the citizens of Ohio on topics of a varied na ture, on account of his popularity as an orator. Died at Sandusky, Ohio, December 27, 1865. He was the father of the distinguished bankers, Jay, Pitt, and Henry D. Cooke. Cooke, Henry D.; was born in Sandusky City, Ohio, November 23, 1825; graduated at Transylvania University, Kentucky, in 1844; studied law at home and in Philadelphia, but soon turned his attention to writing for the press; in 1847 sailed to Valparaiso, in Chili, as an attache to the American Consul there; the ship in which he sailed was wrecked off the Bermu das, but, reaching St. Thomas in safety, he continued his journey across Panama; while detained at St. Thomas, the idea of a steamship line from New York to California, by way of Panama, was suggested to him, and he wrote on the subject to the Philadelphia United States Gazette and the New York Courier and Enquirer; this correspondence was transmitted to the Department of State by the Consul, W. G. Moorhead, and thus in about two years the Pacific Mail Steam ship Company was organized; Mr. Cooke subsequently resided in California; had much to do with the ship ping of the Pacific; was the first to announce, through a dispatch from the Military Governor of California to Washington, the discovery of gold in the Sacra mento Valley; after meeting with misfortunes in Cali fornia, returned to the East, and was associated with the United States Gazette, Sandusky Register, and the Ohio State Journal; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1861 became a partner in the house of Jay Cooke & Co.; frequently visited Europe on business; in 1870 was appointed the first Governor of the Dis trict of Columbia, which office he resigned in 1873; was a resident of Georgetown for more than fifteen years, and, besides building a Mission Church in that city, gave twenty thousand dollars towards re-building a second Episcopal Church in the same place; his other gifts for the public benefit have been large and frequent; he was the son of Eleutheros Cooke, a dis tinguished orator and Congressman, and brother of Jay Cooke, the eminent financier. Cooke, Joseph P.; was born in 1730; graduated at Yale College in 1750; was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788. Died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1816. Cooke, Nicholas ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, February 3, 1717; was Deputy- Governor of the State from May to October, 1775; Governor from that date to May, 1778. "He merited and won the approbation of his fellow-citizens, and was honored with the friendship and confidence of Washington." Such is the inscription on his monu ment. Died in Providence, September 14, 1782. Cooke, Thomas Burrage ; was born in North- ford, Connecticut, in 1780; prepared himself for Yale College, but ill-health prevented his entrance; removed to Catskill, New York, about the beginning of the century; studied law, and became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Eepresentative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813; was an intimate friend of De Witt Clinton, and served in the New York Legislature in 1838 and 1839; was for many years President of the Catskill Bank, and was one of the earliest projectors of railroads in this country; when in Congress, he made a large and val uable collection of papers and documents, which were destroyed when the Capitol was burned. Died in Catskill. Cooley, Dennis N.; was born in New Hamp shire; in 1865 was appointed from Iowa Commis sioner of Indian Affairs, remaining in office only a little more than one year. Cooley, James ; was a citizen of Pennsylvania; in 1826 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Peru, where he died February 24, 1828. Coolidge, Carlos ; was born in Windsor, Ver mont, in 1792; graduated at Middlebury College in 1811; practiced law in Windsor fifty-two years; was State Attorney for the County from 1831 to 1836; Eepresentative from 1834 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1842; was Speaker in 1836, and during the last term; Governor of Vermont from 1849 to 1851 ; was a State Senator from 1855 to 1857; received the degree of LL.D., from Middlebury College in 1849. Died at Windsor, August 15, 1866. Cooper, David ; was an early emigrant to Min nesota; in 1850 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that District. Cooper, Edmund ; was born in Franklin, Wil liams County, Tennessee, September 11, 1821; grad uated at Jackson College in 1839; read law and at tended lectures at Harvard University; settled in the practice of his profession in Bedford County; in 1849 was elected to the Tennessee Legislature; was elected a "Union Delegate" to the State Convention proposed in 1861; was again elected to the State Legislature in 1865, but resigned on being elected a Eepresentative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session, and serving on the Committees on the Mur ders in South Carolina and on Territories; in Novem ber, 1867, was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Cooper, George B.; was born at Long Hill, Morris County, New Jersey, June 6, 1808; received a good common school education; removed to Michi gan in 1830; served in the two houses of the State Legislature; served two terms as State Treasurer of Michigan; held the position of Postmaster at Jackson for eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treasurer; was elected a Eepresentative from Michi- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Ill gan to the Thirty-sixth Congress; his seat was con tested by William A. Howard, and before the close of the first session the latter was admitted. Cooper, Henry; was born in Columbia, Ten nessee, August 22, 1827; graduated at Jackson Col lege August 11, 1847; studied law at Shelby ville and was admitted to the bar in 1849; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853 and 1857; in 1862 ap pointed Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Tennessee; resigned in 1866; was chosen Professor in the Law School at Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1866, and resigned in 1867, when he removed to Nashville; was elected to the State Senate in 1869 and 1870; was elected to the United States Senate for the term end ing in 1877, serving on several Committees. Cooper, James ; was born in Frederick County, Maryland, May 8, 1810; commenced his education at the common schools of the county, spent some time at St. Mary s College, and graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 1834; was elected a Eepresentative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1838, and re-elected in 1840; in 1843 was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving as Speaker in 1847; in 1848 was ap pointed Attorney-General of Pennsylvania; in 1849 was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term of six years; during his service in Congress his health was feeble, so that he could not participate in the debates of the Senate to the extent that he desired; on his return to Pennsylvania he settled in Philadelphia, and subsequently in Frederick, Maryland; afterwards became a Brigadier-General in the army. Died at Columbus, Ohio, March 28, 1863. Cooper, John ; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1776. Cooper, Mark A.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843. Cooper, Richard M.; was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey; was a member of the Society of Friends; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1829 to 1833; served in the Legislature; was President of the State Bank at Camden. Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six years. Cooper, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1813 to 1817. Cooper, Thomas B.; was born in Cooperstown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, December 29, 1823; was educated at Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, and also at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in. 1843 ; adopted the profession of a phy sician, and was successful therein; was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1863. Died at Cooperstown, April 4, 1862. during the second session of the Thirty- seventh Congress. Cooper, "William; was born in New Jersey; re moved to Otsego County, New York; became the founder of Cooperstown; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1795 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1801 ; was the father of the emi nent author, James Feuimore Cooper. Cooper, "William B.; was a native of Delaware; was Governor of the State from 1840 to 1844. Died April 27, 1849. Cooper, "William C.; was born at Mount Ver non, Ohio, December 18, 1832; was educated in the public schools and at Mount Vernon Academy ; stud ied law and was admitted to the bar; engaged in the practice of law in his native town ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Mount Vernon from 1859 to 1863; was Mayor of Mount Vernon from 1862 to 1864; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1872 to 1874; was Judge- Advocate-General of Ohio from 1879 to 1884; in 1881 became a member of the Board of Education of the city of Mount Vernon, Ohio, and, in 1882, was elected President of the Board; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- ninth Congress. Cooper, "W. R.; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1839 to 1841. Corbett, Henry "W.; was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, February 18, 1827; when quite young removed to Washington County, New York; was edu cated chiefly at the Cambridge Academy, in that county; when sixteen years of age removed to New York City, where he remained nearly eight years, en gaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1850 shipped a stock of goods to Portland, in Oregon, and removed to that Territory in the following year; took an active part in politics, and was identified with the organization of the Republican and Union parties in the State ; was a Delegate from Oregon to the Chicago Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presi dency; in 1866 was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon for the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Indian Affairs, and District of Columbia. Corlett, "William "W.; was born in Concord, Ohio, April 10, 1842; received an academic educa tion; studied law, graduating at Union Law College, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1866; was admitted to the bar in the same year and commenced practice; was ap pointed Postmaster at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, in 1870; was a member of the Council in the Terri torial Assembly in 1871; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Laramie County in 1872, 1873 and 1875; was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Wyom ing to the Forty-fifth Congress. Corley, Simeon ; was born in Lexington, South Carolina; received an English education ; was appren ticed to a tailor; early took part in politics as an anti-slavery man; was officially connected with one or two religious societies; edited a temperance paper for two years, and was a writer for other journals; was conscripted into the Confederate Army during the Rebellion; was a Delegate to the Reconstruction Constitutional Convention of South Carolina; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the State Department; his unsuccessful opponent for Congress was his commander in the Confederate Army. Cornell, Alonzo B.; was born at Ithaca, New York, January 22, 1832; was the son of Hon. Ezra Cornell, one of the pioneers in Telegraphy in the United States, and the founder of the Cornell Univer sity; received an academic education; at the age of fifteen became a Telegraphic Operator, and continued thereafter to be connected with telegraphy; was a member of the Republican State Committee from 1866 to 1879, and was Chairman of the Committee for eight years; was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor in 1868; in that year was elected a Director of the Western Union Telegraph Company, and continued in that position ; was Vice- President of the company, from 1870 to 1876, acting as President in 1875; in 1869 was appointed, by President Grant, Surveyor of Customs for the port of New York; resigned in 1872 to accept a seat in the 112 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. State House of Representatives, to which he had been elected; was accorded the unusual honor of being elected Speaker of the House during his first term ; in 1870 was appointed Assistant Treasurer of the United States at New York, but declined the position ; was a member of the Republican National Committee in 1876, and of the Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 1880; was Naval Officer of Customs for the port of New York in 1877 and 1878; was a Trustee of Cornell University from its founda tion, and President of Cornell Library Association; was Governor of New York from 1880 to 1883. Cornell, Thomas; was born at White Plains, Westchester County, New York, January 27, 1814; received a common school education; engaged in the business of transportation and banking; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals and Education and Labor; in 1880 was elected to the Forty-seventh Congress. Corning, Erastus; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, December 14, 1794; when thirteen years of age went to Troy, New York, and entered the hard ware store of his uncle, Benjamin Smith, the bulk of whose property he subsequently inherited ; in 1814 removed to Albany, and continued in the same busi ness, establishing the well-known house, still in ex istence, of Erastus Corning & Co. ; his first public po sition was that of Alderman of the City of Albany; from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he held for three years ; was also, for several years, an influential Railroad, Bank, and Canal Company President; for several terms a member of the State Legislature; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; in 1860 was elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861; re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, but resigned on account of his health; in 1833 was a Regent of the University of New York; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867. Died April 9. 1872. Corwin, Franklin ; was born in Lebanon, Ohio, January 12, 1818; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839; served several years in the State Legislature of Ohio, part of the time in the Senate; removed to Illinois in 1857; was elected to the Legislature of that State, serving two years as Speaker; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Corwin, Moses B.; was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, January 5, 1790; spent his boyhood on a farm in Ohio; received a good education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812; in 1838 and 1839 was elected to the Legislature; was a Represent ative in Congress from Ohio, from 1849 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1855, serving as a member of the Com mittee on the Post Office Department. He was the brother of Thomas Corwin. Died at Urbana, April 7, 1872. Corwin, Thomas ; was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, July 29, 1794; rising from humble life, he became distinguished as a lawyer, having come to the bar in 1817; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1822, and a Representative to Congress from the Warren District, in 1831, in which position he con tinued until 1840; was chosen Governor of Ohio in October of that year; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was Governor but two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding him in 1842; the Whigs having a major ity in the Legislature of Ohio in 1845, elected him a United States Senator, which office he held until his appointment in the Cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of the Treasury, under President Fillmore; was long known in Congress as an advocate of the Whig meas ures of policy; as a stump speaker and before a jury, his eloquence was singularly effective; in October, 1858, was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, for the term commencing in 1859; during that year a volume of his Speeches was published; was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Re bellious States in the Thirty-sixth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but in 1861 was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Mexico; after his return from Mexico resided in Washington, where he died December 18, 1865. His Life and Speeches were published in 1859, edited by Isaac Strohm. Cosgrove, John ; was born at Alexandria, Jef ferson County, New York, September 12, 1839; was educated in the public and private schools of his na tive county; early in 1859 went to Pike s Peak, Col orado, in search of gold, returning to New York the same year; taught school until 1861, when he began the study of the law ; was admitted to the bar at Watertown, New York, in 1863, and commenced practice there; in 1865 removed to Boonville, Mis souri, and engaged in the practice of his profession ; was twice elected City Attorney; in 1872 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Cooper County; was a Dele gate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1872 and 1880; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress. Cotteral, J. L. T. ; was a Representative in Con gress from Alabama, from 1846 to 1847. Cottman, Joseph &:; was born in Somerset County, Maryland, August 16, 1803; received a clas sical education; was admitted to the bar in 1826; served in the Maryland Legislature; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1849 ; was a member of Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1863. Cotton, Aylett R.; was born in Austintown, Ohio, November 29, 1826; removed to Iowa in 1844; was a student at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania, in 1845; taught school in Fayette County, Tennessee, in 1846; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Clinton County, Iowa, in 1848; crossed the Plains to California in 1849, and returned to Iowa in 1851 ; was appointed Judge of Clinton County in 1851 ; was Prosecuting Attorney of the same county in 1854; a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1857; was a member of the State Legislature in 1868 and 1870, serving as Speaker; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Freedmen s Afiairs and the Dis trict of Columbia. Coulter, Richard; attained eminence as a law yer; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1827 to 1835. Died in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1852; at the time of his death was Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn sylvania. Covert, James W.; was born at Oyster Bay, New York, September 2, 1842; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1863 and began to practice at Flushing, Long Island; in 1867 was elected School Commissioner and served three years, at the same time acting as Assistant District Attorney of his county; was Surrogate of Queen s County from 1870 to 1874; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. STATE, WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS BUILDING, WASHINGTON. TREASURY DEPARTMENT BUILDING, WASHINGTON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 113 Covington, G-eorge W.; was bora in Berlin, Maryland, September 12, 1838; received an academic education; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Coving/ton, Leonard ; was born at Aquasco, Prince George County, Maryland, October 30, 1768; in 1793 obtained from General Washington the com mission of Lieutenant of Dragoons, and joined the army under General Wayne; distinguished himself at Fort Recovery, and the battle of Miami, and was honorably mentioned in the official report of General Wayne; after the war was promoted to the rank, of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, and retired to the pursuits of agriculture; was for many years a mem ber of the Legislature of Maryland; was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807; in 1809 was appointed, by President Jefferson, Lieutenant-Colonel of a regiment of cavalry ; in 1810 was in command at Fort Adams, on the Mis sissippi, and took possession of Baton Rouge, and a portion of West Florida; in 1813 was ordered to the Northern frontier, and appointed, by President Mad ison, Brigadier-General; at the battle of Williams- burg received a mortal wound while leading his men in a charge, and died at French Mills, October 13, 1813, two days after his fall; his remains were re moved to Sackett s Harbor, August 13, 1820, and the place of his burial is now known as Mount Covington. He had the reputation of being one of the best officers in the service. Covode, John ; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1808; was a farmer and manufacturer by occupation, and extensively engaged in the coal business; was elected, from Pennsylvania, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was made Chairman of a special committee appointed to investigate certain charges made against President Buchanan and his administration; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; also elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and Chairman of that on Public Buildings and Grounds; in 1869 was made Chairman of the Repub lican State Committee. Died at Harrisburg, Penn sylvania, January 11, 1871. Cowan, Edgar; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1815; after spending one year at Franklin College, Ohio, gradu ated at that institution in 1839; while yet a mere boy was thrown upon his own resources for a support, and until 1842 followed various employments; having been a clerk, boat builder, school master, and a student of medicine; subsequently studied law, and practiced the profession until 1861, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and Enrolled Bills, and as Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and those on Finance and Agriculture; was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "National Union Convention " of 1866; in January, 1867, was nominated, by President John son, Minister to Austria, but was not confirmed. Died August 29, 1885. 8 Cowan, Jacob P.; was born in Florence, Wash ington Counly, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1823; re ceived a common school education at that place, and in Steubenville, Ohio; graduated at the Starling Medical College in Columbus, Ohio; from 1855 to 1859 was a member of the State Legislature; prac ticed his profession, but became a dealer in real estate and President of a private bank; in 1874 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Militia. Cowen, Benjamin Bush ; was born in Moor- field, Harrison County, Ohio, August 15, 1831; son of B. S. Cowen, formerly a Representative in Congress; was educated at the St. Clairsville Institute; studied medicine, but never practiced ; was a practical printer and publisher for ten years; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1856; was chosen Chief Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1860; at the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861 enlisted in the Volunteer Army, and became an ad ditional paymaster, serving under McClellan and Rosecrans; in the same year was elected Secretary of State, but resigned in 1862; was appointed Adjutant- General of Ohio in 1864, and served as such for four 3~ears, receiving three brevets; was also an Inspector of Military Prisons; subsequently went into the iron and coal business at Bellaire; was a Delegate to the National Philadelphia Convention of 1866, and the Chicago Convention of 1868, of which he was Secre tary; in 1871 was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior Department; was also a leading member of the Republican Committee of Ohio, and Chairman of the State Committee. Cowen, Benjamin Sprague; was born in Washington County, New York, September 27, 1793; was reared on a farm, and self-educated; taught school; studied medicine; served as a soldier in the War of 1812; removed to Ohio in 1820; practiced medicine for a time; came to the bar in 1829; was editor of a newspaper from 1836 to 1840; Delegate to the Harrisburg Convention in 1839; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1840, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Claims, and was the mover of the One Hour rule; was again elected to Congress in 1844, and was Chairman of the Committee on Finance ; secured the passage of the resolution in the Ohio Legislature, in favor of expunging the resolu tion of censure of John Quincy Adams: from 1841 was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; during the Rebellion assisted the Government with zeal in various capacities; was for many years Presi dent of a local Bible Society. Died at St. Clairsville, Ohio, September 27, 1869. His son, B. R. Cowen was Assistant Secretary of the Interior Department, and the eminent jurist and author, Esek Cowen was his brother. Cowgill, Calvin ; was born in Clinton County, Ohio, January 7, 1819; was educated at the common schools and by private tutors; removed, with his parents, to Indiana, in 1836; studied law; removed to Wabash County, Indiana, in 1846, and practiced his profession; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1851; was County Treasurer from 1855 to 1859; was Provost-Marshal from 1862 to 18fi5; again in the Legislature during the special session in 1865; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-sixth Congress. Cowles, George "W.; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Colum bia and the Navy Department. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Cowles, Henry B.; was born at Hartford, Coii- necticut. March 18, 1798; when eleven years of age removed to Dutchess County, New York, with his father; graduated at Union College in 1816; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; in 1826, 1827, and 1828, served as a member of the New York Legislature from Putnam County, and during his first term was Chairman of the Select Committee raised to investigate the " Astor claim;" was a Rep- rese*ntative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831; in 1834 took up his residence in the city of New York, where he continued in the practice of his pro fession. Cowles, W. H. H.; was born at Hamptonville, North Carolina, April 22, 1840; was educated at home and in the common schools and academies of his native county; enlisted in the Confederate Army, in 1861, and was elected First Lieutenant on the or ganization of his regiment; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and being twice severely wounded ; in 1866 commenced the study of the law; in January, 1867, was admit ted to the bar of the County Court, and a year later to that of the Superior Court of Yadkin County, North Carolina; removed to Wilkesborough, North Carolina, and entered upon the practice of law; was Reading Clerk of the Senate of North Carolina from 1872 to 1874; in the latter year was elected Solicitor of the Tenth Judicial District of the State, in which position he served four years; was a member of the Democratic State Executive Committee for eight years; in 1882 was an unsuccessful candidate for member of the State Assembly; in 1884 was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty- ninth Congress. Cox, Christopher C.; was born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 16, 1816; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1835; received a master s degree in 1838; was made a Doctor of Laws by Trinity College in 1867; was appointed Commissioner of Pensions in 1868; a member of the Board of Health in 1871, acting as President of the Board for several years; his special line of study was medicine, and he practiced both as a physician and a surgeon; was for one year a Pro fessor in one of the Philadelphia colleges; served as President of a medical society; as a Surgeon in the army during the Rebellion ; was Surgeon-General ot the State of Maryland ; before the close of the war was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland. Cox, Jacob Dolson; was born, of American parents, in Montreal, Canada, October 27, 1828 ; spent his boyhood in the city of New York, and re moved to Ohio in 1846; was educated at Oberlin Col lege, where he graduated in 1851; studied law and came to the bar in 1853; was elected to the State Senate in 1859; during the earlier stage of the Rebel lion, while holding a State commission, he took an active and important part in raising troops for the war, and was, in May, 1861, appointed a Brigadier- General of Ohio Volunteers; as such was in the bat tles of Gauley Bridge, South Mountain, and An tie- tarn, where he acquitted himself with distinction, and tor which services he was promoted to the rank 01 Major-General ; subsequently joined General Sher man with the Army of the Ohio; had command of an important division, and won fresh honors in the campaign against Atlanta, and in the campaign o: Franklin and Nashville; after the war resigned his commission in the army, and entered upon the prac tice of law in Cincinnati; was chosen Governor of Ohio for the years 1866 and 1867; declined the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue, tendered Mm by President Johnson in 1868; on March 5, 1869, was appointed Secretary of the Interior Department, but only remained in office about one year; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth Congress. Cox, James ; was born in Monmouth County, ew Jersey, in 1753; was, for several years, a mem- >er of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the As sembly; commanded a company of militia in the Revolution, having been engaged in the battles of jermantown and Monmouth; was subsequently a Brigadier-General of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey during the years 1809 and 1810. Died September 12, 1810. Cox, Leander M.; was born in Virginia; re moving to Kentucky, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty -third and Thirty-fourth Congresses; served as a Captain in the Mexican War; was Grand Master of the Order of Free Masons in 1843, and a Presidential Elector in 1853. Cox, Samuel S.; was born in Zanesville, Ohio, September 30, 1824; graduated at Brown University in 1846; adopted the profession of the law, and was also an editor, in Ohio, of the Columbus Statesman; was appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru in 1855; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; as an author, published a book of foreign travel, called "The Buckeye Abroad," and on literary topics is an occasional lecturer; was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Af fairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same committee; was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve until December, 1865; a delegate to the Chicago Convention in 18<>4; on his retirement from Congress, settled in the city of New York; in 1865 published a political work en titled "Eight Years in Congress;" was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866, and the New York Convention of 1868; from New York was returned to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the three subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Bank ing, the Centennial, and Rules; at the opening of the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress, was one of the three candidates for the Speakership, but M. C. Kerr was the successful competitor; in 1869 visited Europe for his health, and published a successful work, entitled "A Search for Winter Sunbeams;" in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency; was elected Speaker pro tern, of the House in June, 1876; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Turkey. Cox, WalterS.; was born at Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia, October 25, 1826; attended private schools until his twelfth year, when he entered Georgetown College; graduated therefrom in 1 843, in his seventeenth year; studied law with his father and at the Law School of Harvard University; graduated from Harvard in 1847; was admitted to the bar the same year, on his twenty-first birthday, and engaged in practice in his native city; upon the decease of his father, in 1848, succeeded to his practice and became very successful in his profession; in 1879 was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Cox, William Ruffln; was born in Scotland Neck, North Carolina; removed to Tennessee; grad uated at Franklin College; studied law at Lebanon Law School; received the degree of Bachelor of Laws BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 115 from that institution, and engaged in the practice of law at Nashville, Tennessee, returned to his native State and engaged in planting; served in the Confed erate Army during the war of the Rebellion, rising from the rank of Major to that of Brigadier-General; at the close of the war resumed the practice of law at Raleigh, North Carolina; was Solicitor of the Metro politan District for six years; Judge of the Supreme Court for the same district for several years; a Trustee of the University of the South; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1868; was Chair man of the Democratic State Committee ; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty- seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Ooxe, Alfred C.; was born at Auburn, New York; was graduated from Hamilton College in 1868, was admitted to the bar the same year, and engaged in the practice of law at Utica, New York; in 1882 was appointed United States District Judge for the Northern District of New York, his grandfather, Honorable Alfred Conlding having formerly held the ^ame position. Coxe, Tench ; was born in Philadelphia, May 22, 1755; became a partner in business with his father in 1776; was a Commissioner to the Federal Convention it Annapolis in 1786; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1788; was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in 1790 ; Commissioner of the Revenue in 1792; Purveyor of the Public Supplies from 1803 to 1812; his sympathies were on the side of England during the Revolution; he published several valuable works on the Commerce and Manufactures of the United States. Died in Philadelphia July 17, 1824. Coxe, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1813 to 1815; served in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the Assembly. Died in Burlington. Cozzens, "William C.; was elected Lieutenant- Go vernor of Rhode Island in 1862; soon afterwards became Acting Governor, remaining in that capacity until 1863. Crabb, George "W.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1839 to 1841. Crabb, Jeremiah ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1795 to 1796. Cradlebaugh, John; was born in Ohio; wa elected a Delegate from the Territory of Nevada tc the Thirty-seventh Congress; was subsequently ap pointed United States Judge for the Territory of Utah. Crafts, Samuel C.; was born in Windham County, Connecticut; graduated at Harvard Univer sity in 1790; his father effected the settlement o: Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the organization o: the town, in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen Town Clerk, and held the office for thirty-seven suc cessive years; was the youngest Delegate to the Con vention" for revising the State Constitution in 1793 in 1796, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805 was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State from 1796 to 1815 was Register of Probate for Orleans District; in 1798 and 1799 was Clerk of the House o Representatives; from 1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 1827, was a member of the Executive Council; in 180( was appointed a Judge of Orleans County Court, am 7 remained such till 1816, during the last six year as Chief Judge; from 1825 to 1828 was again Chie Judge, and from 1836 to 1838 Clerk of the Court; in 1816 was elected a Representative in Congress, and was re-elected for the three succeeding terms; in 1828 lected Governor of Vermont, and was re-elected in 829 and 1830; in 1829 was President of the Consti- utional Convention; in 1842 was appointed by Gov- rnor Paine, and afterwards elected by the Legisla- ure, a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of ne year; thus filled every office in the gift of Ver- nont. Died in Craftsbury, Vermont, November 19, 853, aged eighty-four years. Cragin, Aaron H.; was born in Weston, Ver mont, February 3, 1821; adverse circumstances pre- ented him. from, obtaining a collegiate education ; 4udied law, and came to the bar in Albany, New York, in 1847; the same year removed to Lebanon, Hampshire, and practiced his profession; was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature from 1852 to 1855; was elected a Representative from that state to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Printing; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committees; in 1859 was again elected a member of the State Legislature; in 1860 was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" which nomi nated Abraham Lincoln ; in 1864 was elected a Sen ator in Congress from New Hampshire, for the term of six years from 1865, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Territories, the Pacific Railroad, and Engrossed Bills ; was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was subse quently made Chairman of the Committee on Con tingent Expenses of the Senate; re-elected for the term ending in 1877, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Craig, Hector ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1830. Craig, James ; was born in Pennsylvania about 1820; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Missouri Legislature in 1847; was a Captain of a Volunteer Company in the Mexican War; Circuit Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Mis souri from 1852 to 1856; was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Missouri, serving on the Committee on Post-Offices and Post Roads ; was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post-Offices and Post Roads; was ap pointed a Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862, and employed in the West. Craig, John D.; was born in Ireland, but his father was an American; in 1827 was appointed Su perintendent, or Commissioner, of the Patent Office, remaining in the office only about one year. Craig, Robert; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1841. Craige, Burton ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, March 13, 1811; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1829; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the State Legislature in 1832 and 1834; was elected to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Judiciary Committee; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on. Revolutionary Pensions; took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate Congress. Died at Concord, North Carolina, December 30, 1875. Craik, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland, from 1796 to 1801. Crain, William H.; was born at Galveston, Texas, November 25, 1848; graduated from the Col- 116 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. lege of Saint Francis Xavier, New York City, July 1, 1867, and, several years later, received the degree of A. M. from that institution; studied law at Indian- ola, Texas; was admitted to the bar in February, 1871, and entered upon the practice of law at In- dianola; subsequently settled at Cuero, Texas; in |1872 was elected District Attorney for the Twenty- third Judicial District of Texas; in 1876 was elected a State Senator; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-ninth Congress. Cramer, John ; was a Presidential Elector in 1805; served three years in the Assembly, and three ;years in the Senate of the State of New York; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1821; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837. Died, at Waterford, New York, June 1, 1870, aged ninety-two years. Cramer, Michael J.; was born at Schaffhausen, Switzerland, February 6, 1835; emigrated, with his .father, to the United States, when a child, settling at Cincinnati, Ohio; was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, O., where he graduated in the full classical and theological courses; joined the Cincinnati Annual Conference of the Methodist Epis- ; copal Church in i860, and was engaged in the pastoral work for four years; organized two loyal churches at Nashville, Tennessee, during the Civil War, from which churches sprang the Central Tennessee Annual Conference; was Chaplain in the United States Army from 1864 to 1867; in the latter year was appointed United States Consul at Leipsic, Germany, in 1870 was appointed United States Minister to Denmark ; in 1881 was transferred in a like capacity to the Re public of Switzerland; was an accomplished scholar, linguist, and writer; received, from the Syracuse University, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Cranch, William; was born at Weymouth. Massachusetts, July 17, 1769; graduated at Harvard .University in 1787, in the class with his first cousin. J. Q. Adams; studied law; was admitted to the bar in July, 1790; practiced in Braintree and in Haver- hill; removed to Washington in 1794; in 1801 was appointed, by President Adams, (his brother-in-law), on the last night of his administration, Junior Assist ant Judge of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia; was Chief Justice from 1805 to 1855; in these fifty-five years, but two of his decisions were overruled; he published nine volumes of " Reports of United States Supreme Court, and six volumes of " Reports of Circuit Court of District of Columbia," from 1801 to 1841 ; also prepared a code of laws for the District; published a memoir of John Adams, .8vo, in 1827; was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. Died, in Washington, District of Co lumbia, September 1, 1855. Crane, Joseph H.; was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey; studied law; was, for many years, Pres ident Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1837. Died at Dayton, Ohio, November 12, 1852, aged seventy years. Crane, Stephen; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Cranston, Henry Y.; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, October 9, 1789; received a limited education; worked at a trade for five years from the age of twelve, then commenced the business of com mission merchant; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in three years; in 1818 was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and held the office until ,1833; was for twenty-five years annually elected Moderator for the town of Newport; was a member of the several Conventions for framing and remodel ing the State Constitution, and was Vice-President of the Convention in 1842; from 1827 to 1843 was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847, when he was returned to the Legislature, and was several times Speaker of that body, until 1854, after which time he lived in retirement. Died at Newport, Feb ruary 12, 1864. Cranston, Robert B.; was born in Rhode Island j was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849; in 1864 was a Presidential Elector. Died at Newport, January 27, 1873, aged eighty -two years. Crapo, Henry H.; was born in Dartmouth, Mas sachusetts, May 24, 1804; resided, for many years, in New Bedford, from which place he removed to Michigan in 1857; became extensively engaged in the manufacture and sale of lumber; was for a time Mayor of Flint, where he resided; served in the State Senate; was twice elected Governor of the State in 1864 and 1866 performing important services during the progress of the Rebellion. Died in Flint, July 23, 1869. Crapo, William W.; was born at Dartmouth, Massachusetts, May 16, 1830; educated at the public schools of New Bedford, at Phillips Academy, An- dover, and at Yale College, where he graduated in 1852; studied law, and practiced the profession in New Bedford; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1857; in 1875 was elected a Represent ative to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the place of James Buffinton, who died before taking his seat in that Congress, to whi:h he had been elected; was re- elected to the Forty-lit ih. Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomination. Crary, Isaac E.; was born in Preston, New London County, Connecticut; received a good Eng lish education; adopted the profession of the law, and removed to the Territory of Michigan; was there appointed a General of Militia; was elected a Dele gate to Congress from the Territory in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from the time of its admission into the Union in 1836 to 1841. Died in Marshall, Michigan, May 8, 1854. Cravens, James A.; was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, November 4, 1818; removed with his father to Indiana in 1820; spent his boyhood in Washington County, where he received a common school education, and devoted much of his life to agricultural pursuits, especially to the raising of the best breeds of cattle; in 1841 was a Presidential Elec tor; served as a Major in the Mexican War under General Taylor, and was present at the battle of Buena Vista; in 1848 and 1849 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana; in 1850 elected to the State Senate, serving three years; in 1854 was commissioned a Brigadier-General of Militia; frequently presided over the Board of School Trustees for his township; was Vice-President and President of the Washington and Orange Counties Agricultural Societies; in 1859 was appointed by the Legislature of Indiana to the important position of Agent for the State, which he resigned; in 1860 was elected a Representative i rom Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories; was re-elected to th< Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1S66, and also to the New York Convention of 1868. BIOG K A I ll I CAL ANNALS. 117 Cravens, James H.; was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, in 1798; in early life removed to Indiana, and settled in Kipley County; held a num ber of important local offices in the State; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1841 to 1843; was subsequently a candidate of the Free- oil party for the office of Governor, but was unsuc cessful; served as Colonel of an Indiana regiment during the war for the suppression of the Rebellion. Cravens, Jordan E.; was born at Frederick- town, Missouri, November 7, 1830; removed, with his lather, to Arkansas, in 1831; received a common school education ; studied law ; was admitted to prac tice in. 1854; was a Representative in the State Leg islature in 1860; served in the Confederate Army throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel; was a State Senator in 1866; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty - seventh Congresses. Crawford, George W.; was born in Columbia County, Georgia, December 22, 1798; graduated at Princeton in 1820; studied law, and commenced the practice at Augusta in 1822; in 1827 was elected Attorney-General, and continued in that office until 1831; was in the State Legislature from 1837 to 1842: in 1843 was elected to Cougress to fill a vacancy; was elected Governor of the State in 1843, and re-elected in 1845; was a member of President Taylor s Cabinet as Secretary of War; subsequently visited Europe, after which he lived in retirement in Georgia. Crawford, Joel ; was born in Columbia County, Georgia, June 15, 1783; was educated by private tutors; became a student of law, and was admitted to practice in 1808; in 1813 joined the army of Gen eral Floyd, and served throughout the whole cam paign as Aid-de-camp to the General; after the war resumed the practice of his profession; served three years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1817 to 1821. Died April 5, 1858. Crawford, Martin J. ; was born in Jasper County, Georgia, March 17, 1820; was educated at the Mer cer University; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Georgia Legislature from 1845 to 1847; in 1853 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit; was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in the last on the Committees on Ways and Means and Roads and Canals; was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, still serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; withdrew in 1861; joined the great Rebellion of that year as a member of the Con federate Congress, and was a Commissioner to Wash ington. Crawford, S. J.; was Governor of Kansas from 1864 to 1869. Crawford, Thomas Hartley; was born at hambersburg, Pennsylvania, November 14, 1786; graduated at Princeton College in 1804; studied law for three years, and was admitted to the bar in 1807; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833; during the last year named was elected to the State Legislature; in 1836 was ap pointed a Commissioner to investigate certain alleged frauds in the purchase of the reservation of land of the Creek Indians; in 1838 was appointed, by Presi dent Van Buren, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and took up his residence in Washington, holding that office for seven years; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court of the District of Columbia, which arduous position he oc cupied until his death, which took place in Washing ton, January 27, 1863. Crawford, William; was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1760; after studying medicine, emigrated to the United States, and settled in Marsh Creek, Adams County, Pennsylvania, where he was the pioneer physician; became interested in politics, and was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1817; was tendered the appointment of Postmaster of Bal timore, by President Madison, but declined it. Died on his farm in 1823. Crawford, "William ; was born in Virginia; re moved to Alabama in 1810; held a number of Federal and State offices; was Receiver of Moneys for Public Lands; a Commissioner to settle certain claims under a treaty with England, France, and Spain; was elected to the State Senate; United States District Attorney for Alabama; was Judge of the United States District Court for Alabama. Died at Mobile, April 28, 1849. Crawford, William H.; was born in Amherst County, Virginia, February 24, 1772; with his father settled in Georgia in 1783; received an academic education; subsequently had the management of Richmond Academy; studied law; took a high po sition in his profession; in 1799 was appointed to prepare a Digest of the Laws of Georgia; a con spiracy having been organized to drive him from the bar, was challenged by a man named Van Allen, whom he killed at the first fire; served four years in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia from 1807 to 1813, and during part of the Twelfth Congress officiated as President pro tern. of the Senate: President Madison invited him into his Cabinet as Secretary of War, but he declined the honor, accepting, instead, the post of Minister to France, in 1813; on his return, however, at the end of two years, he became Secretary of War; in 1817 was appointed, by President Monroe, Secretary of the Treasury, where he served with marked ability until 1825, during which year he received a flattering vote for President of the United States; in 1827 was ap pointed Judge of the Northern Circuit of Georgia, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Albert County, Georgia, September 15, 1834. Creamer, Thomas J.; was born in Ireland, May 26, 1843; educated in the common schools of New York; engaged in mercantile business; was elected to the State Legislature in 1864, 1865, and 1866; to the State Senate in 1867 and 1869; was ap pointed Tax Commissioner for New York City in 1869. serving until 1873; was President of the Young Democrats General Committee in 1870; Delegate to the Baltimore National Convention in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Crebs, John M.; was born in Middleburg, Lon don County, Virginia, April 7, 1830; went, with his parents, to Illinois in 1837; received a common school education ; during his minority worked upon a farm ; at the age of twenty-one commenced the study of law; settled in White County, Illinois, where he practiced the profession; in 1862 entered the Volun teer Army as Lieutenant-Colonel; participated in all the Mississippi movements until the capture of Vicksburg, and was also in the Arkansas campaign, commanding a brigade of cavalry in the Department of the Gulf ; after the war returned to his profession; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Illinois tc the Forty-first Congress, serving on tho Commitec \)i 118 BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. Agriculture; was re-elected to the Forty-second Con- gress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Creely, John V.; was born in Philadelphia, November 14, 139; received a classical education; studied law; served in the army as an officer of light artillery throughout the late Eebellion ; was a mem ber of the Councils of Philadelphia for four years; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Creighton, "William ; was born in Berkeley County, Virginia, October 29, 1778; graduated at Dickinson College when quite young; studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ; in 1798 settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, devoting himself to his profession, and holding many positions of public trust; was the first Secretary of State for Ohio ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1827 to 1833. Died at Chillicothe, October 8, 1851, having for many years previously declined all public office. Creighton, William, Jr. ; was a citizen of Ohio; was liberally educated ; a lawyer by profession ; was appointed United States Judge for the District of Ohio. Creswell, John A. J.; was born in Port De posit, Cecil County, Maryland, November 18, 1828; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1848; studied law and came to the bar of Maryland in 1850; was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1861 and 1862; from August, 1862, to April, 1863, was an Assistant Adjutant-General for Maryland; was elected a Representative from Mary land to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce and Invalid Pensions; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864; in March, 1865, was chosen a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of T. H. Hicks, deceased, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library ; by request of the House of Representatives, delivered an Eulogy on his friend and colleague, Henry Winter Davis, on February 22, 1866 ; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866, the "Border States Convention," held in Baltimore in 1867, and the Chicago Convention of 1868; in May, 1868, was elected Secretary of the United States Senate, but declined; on March 5, 1869, entered the Cabinet of President Grant as Post- master-G eneral. Crisfleld, John W.; was born in Kent County, Maryland, November 6, 1808; received his education at Washington College, Chestertown; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830; settled in the prac tice of his profession in Somerset County; was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1836; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Maryland, from 1847 to 1849; in 1850 was a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention; in 1861 was a Delegate to the Peace Congress; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and on Public Ex penditures; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Crisp, Charles F.; was born at Sheffield, Eng land, where his parents had gone on a professional tour, January 29, 1845; was brought, by them, to the United States, the same year; received a common school education in Savannah and Macon, Georgia; was a Lieutenant in the Confederate Army from May, 1861, to May, 1864, when he was taken prisoner; was released from Fort Delaware, at the close of the war, and returned to Ellaville, Georgia, where his parents then resided ; read law in Americus, Georgia, and was admitted to the bar there in 1866; com menced practice in Ellaville; in 1872 was appointed Solicitor-General of the Southwestern Circuit, and, in 1873, was re-appointed for a term of four years; in the latter year removed to Americus, Georgia; in 1877 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of the Southwestern Judicial Circuit; in 1878 was elected, by the General Assembly, to the same office, and in 1880 was re-elected for a term of four years; resigned in 1882 and was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Crist, Henry; was born in Virginia in 1764; re moved, with his father, to Pennsylvania during the Revolutionary War; in 1788 became extensively en gaged in the manufacture of salt in Bullitt County, Kentucky; the company was attacked by a party of Indians, and during the conflict he was wounded in the foot, and made his escape by crawling night and day, being four days without food ; was rescued by a workman from the salt licks, but was disabled for a- year in consequence of his injuries; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1795 ; a State Senator from 1800 to 1804; a Representative from Kentucky in Congress from 1809 to 1811. Died in Bullitt County, in 1844. Critcher, John ; was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, March 11, 1820; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1839; studied three years at the University of France ; adopted the profession of law; was elected to the Senate of Virginia and the State Convention of 1861 ; served during the war as Lieutenant-Colonel of Cavalry ; was appointed Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Virginia; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Coins and Coinage. Crittenden, John J.; was born in Wood ford County, Kentucky, in September, 1786; when quite young entered the army; during the war .of 1812 served as Major under General Hopkins, in his expe dition, and was Aid-de-cnmp to Governor Shelby at the battle of the Thames; after adopting the profes sion of the law, served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the House j entered Congress as a member of the Senate from Kentucky, in 1817, serving then but two years; from 1819 to 1835 continued in the practice of his profes sion, residing principally at Frankfort, and occasion ally representing his county in the State Legislature; in 1835 was again elected to the United States Sen ate, and continued to serve in that body until March, 1841, when he was appointed Attorney-General by President Harrison ; in September, 1841, resigned with the other members of the Cabinet, except Mr. Web ster, and retired to private life, from which, however, he was called, by the Legislature, to resume his seat in the United States Senate, in 1842, in the place of Henry Clay, resigned; was also elected a Senator for another term of six years, from March, 1843; in 1848, having received the Whig nomination for Governor of Kentucky, retired from the Senate, and was elected to that office, which he held until his appointment as Attorney-General by President Fillniore, in July, 1850; was again elected to the United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending in 1861, and was, when he retired, the oldest member of that body; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving, as he had always- done in the Senate, on the most important Commit tees, and a Compromise measure which he originated has passed into history bearing his name. Died at B I O G R A P H I C A L ANNALS. 11!) Louisville, Kentucky, July 25, 18(53. His biography was subsequently published in two volumes by one of his daughters. Crittenden, Thomas T.; was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, January 2, 1834; graduated at Centre College in 1855; studied law at Frankfort; adopted the profession of the law; was appointed At torney-General of Missouri in 1864, to till an unex- pired term; was elected to the Forty-third Congress from Missouri, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was elected Governor of Missouri for the term of four years, from January, 1881. Crocheron, Henry; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1815 to 1817. Crocheron, Jacob ; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1829 to 1831; in 1837 was a Presidential Elector. Crocker, Alvah; was born in Leominster, Massachusetts, October 14, 1801; entered a factory at eight years of age; received an academic education; became proprietor of a paper manufactory; was President of the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad ; a Commissioner of the Hoosac Tunnel; was a member of the State Legislature in 1836, 1842, and 1843; was a member of the State Senate two terms; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the resignation of William B. Washburn, in 1872; was re-elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on several Committees. Died in Fitchburg, December 26, 1874. Crocker, Samuel L.; was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, March 31, 1804; graduated at Brown University in 1822; held various municipal offices; in 1849 was elected a member of the Executive Coun cil of Massachusetts; was engaged in manufacturing; was a Representative from. Massachusetts to the Thirty-third Congress. Crockett, David ; was born in Greene County, Tennessee, August 17, 1786, of Irish parents; his father fought in the Revolutionary War; commenced the active duties of life when twelve years old, by becoming a drover, and, instead of going to school, chose the fortunes of an adventurer; served under Gen eral Jackson, in some of the Indian wars, as a Colonel, and became, for a time, his fast friend; had a natural predilection for politics; his smartness and eccentric ities made him very popular on the frontiers, and caused him to be elected to the Legislature of Tenn essee; was fond of the woods, and had no equal as a bear-hunter; was elected to Congress in 1827, from Tennessee, and served until 1831; was again elected in 1833, serving until 1835; while in Washington he was always at his post of duty, never forgetting the welfare of his constituents, and was one of the most popular men in Congress. He was killed at the Al amo, Texas, March 1, 1836. Crockett, John W.; was the son of the cele brated David Crockett; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1838 to 1843. Died at Memphis, November 24, 1852. Crooke, Philip S.; was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, March 2, 1810; was educated at the Dutchess Academy, at Poughkeepsie; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831; located at Flatbush in 1838; was elected a Presidential Elector in 1852; a member of the State Legislature in 1863; was a Su pervisor of Kings County from 1844 to 1870, and Chairman of the Board four years; served forty years in the National Guard of the State of New York, from private to Brigadier-General; commanded the Fifth Brigade in Pennsylvania in 1863; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Education and Labor. Crosbie, Henry B.; was an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City. Crosby, Elisha O.; was a citizen of New York; in 1861 appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala, where he remained until 1864. Crosby, John Schuyler ; was born near Albany, New York, September 19, 1839; received a classical education at the New York University; was appointed a First-Lieutenant in the First United States Artil lery in 1861 ; served with gallantry in many of the most important engagements of the Civil War; was a member of the Staff of General W. T. Sherman ; after wards Captain and Aid-de-camp on the Staff of Gen eral Banks; was the first officer to pass down the Red River, by the enemy s batteries, and establish communication with Admiral Farragut and General Grant below Vicksburg; served, for a time, on the Staff of General Canby, and then became a member of the Staff of Lieutenaut-General Sheridan, accom panying that officer in all his campaigns, including the Indian wars, until 1872, when he resigned to en ter commercial life in New York City; during his service was four times brevetted for gallantry, and was commissioned Colonel of the Seventh New York Heavy Artillery, which commission he declined ; re ceived a life-saving medal of the first class, by act of Congress, for " heroic daring and saving life" during the foundering of the yacht Mohawk in 1876; in 1876 was appointed United States Consul at Florence, Italy, and served until 1882, when he was appointed Governor of Montana. Crosby, "William G-.; was born in Maine; was Governor of that State from 1853 to 1855. Cross, Edward; Avas born in Tennessee; was appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Arkansas ; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1845. Crossland, Edward; was born in Hickman County, Kentucky, June 30, 1827; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852; was a member of the State Legislature in 1857; elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the First District for six years, in 1867, and resigned in 1870; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Elections. Croswell, Charles M.; was born at Newburg, New York, October 31, 1825; in his infancy his pa rents removed to New York City, where he received a common school education; his parents both dying in 1832, he was left in charge of relatives, with whom he removed to Adrian, Michigan, in 1837; learned the trade of a carpenter, and followed it for a livelihood until almost of age; was elected Register of Deeds, of Lewanee County, in 1850, and re-elected in 1852; in 1854 was a member, and Secretary, of the State Convention at Jackson, Michigan, from which sprung the Republican party; having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1855 and engaged in practice; in 1862 was appointed City Attorney, and the same year was elected Mayor of Adrian ; was a State Senator in 1863, 1865, and 1867; was a mem ber, and chosen President, of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1867; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; was a member, and Speaker, of the State House of Representatives in 1873; was Secretary of the State Board of Charities and Corrections from 1871 to 1876; was elected Governor of Michigan in 120 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1876, and re-elected in 1878; became President of the Lewanee County Savings Bank, at Adrian. Died, at his home in Adrian, Michigan, December 13, 1886. Crouch, Edward; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1815. Orounse, Lorenzo ; was born in Schoharie Coun ty, New York, January 27, 1834 : received an aca demic education; in 1855 removed to Montgomery Coun,ty, New York, and there engaged in the practice of law; raised a battery of artillery in 1861, and en tered the army as Captain; was wounded and resigned after a year s service; in 1865 removed to Nebraska Territory ; was a member of the Territorial Legisla ture in 1866, and assisted in framing its present State Constitution; was elected Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and entered upon his duties in 1867, when Nebraska was admitted into the Union ; at the expiration of his term on the bench, was elected to the Forty-third Congress; re-elected to the Forty- fourth Congress, serving on the Committees on Terri tories and the Militia. Crowell, John ; was born in Halifax County, Alabama; was chosen Delegate to Congress when the Territory of Alabama was established in 1817, and served till 1819, when the State Constitution was formed ; was elected first Representative to Congress, serving until 1821, and was a member of the Com mittee on Private Land Claims; soon afterwards was appointed Agent for the Creek Indians, then inhab iting large portions of Alabama and Georgia, and ex ercised extensive influence over them, until their re moval west of the Mississippi, in 1836. Died near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 1846. Crowell, John ; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1847 to 1851 , and was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Crowley, Richard ; was born at Lockport, New York, December 14, 1836; received a common school education; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1860; was City Attorney in 1865; was a State Sen ator from 1866 to 1870; was United States District Attorney from 1871 to 1879, when he resigned; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses. Crowninshield, Benjamin W.; was born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1774; filled, with general acceptance, the office of Secretary of the Navy, to which he was appointed in December, 1814, by President Madison, and served until his resigna tion, in November, 1818; in 1820 was a Presidential Elector; in If- ; was elected a Representative in Congress from the Salem District of Massachusetts, and continued in that position until 1831. Died in Boston, February 8, 1851. Crowninshield, Jacob ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1801 ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1805; was appointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. Died April 14, 1808. Croxton, John T.; was a citizen of Kentucky; was appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia in 1872. Croxton, Thomas ; was born at Tappahannock, Essex County, Virginia, March 15, 1822; was edu cated at primary schools in Tappahannock, at Rap- pahannock, and Fleetwood Academies, and at the University of Virginia; studied law, and graduated in that profession in June, 1842; was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of law at Tappa hannock; was Commonwealth Attorney for his native county from 1852 to 1865, when he resigned; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Crozier, John H. ; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1849. Crudup, Josiah ; was born in Wake County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, and was a member of the Committee on Private Cl-iims. Cruger, Daniel ; was a member of tne New York Assembly a number of years; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819. Cruger, John ; was Mayor of New York City in 1764; Speaker of the Assembly in 1765; a proposer of the First Provincial Congress which met in New York in 1775, and became a prominent member of that body, being the writer of its "Declaration of Rights." Died in New York about the year 1791, aged eighty-two years. Crump, G-eorge William ; was born in Pow- hatan County, Virginia; graduated at Princeton Col lege; studied medicine and practiced the profession; was a member of the Legislature; was a Representa tive in Congress from Virginia from 1826 to 1827, in the place of John Randolph, resigned; from 1832 to the time of his death in 1850, was Chief Clerk of the Pension Bureau in Washington. Crump, "William; was a citizen of Virginia; from 1844 to 1847 was Charge d Affaires to Chili. Crutchfield, William ; was born in Greeneville, Tennessee, November 16, 1826; received a common school education; settled in McMinn County, where he remained until 1840; removed to Alabama in 1844, and carried on a farm; in 1850 became a citizen of Chattanooga, Tennessee; held several local offices; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Eevolutionary Pensions and Patents. Culberson, David B.; was born in Troupe County, Georgia, September 29, 1830; was educated at La Grange; studied law, and went to the bar in his twenty-first year; removed to Texas, and was elected to the Legislature in 1859; entered the Con federate Army in 1862 as a private, and rose to be an Adjutant-General, with the rank of Colonel; in 1864 was elected to the Legislature of Texas; subse- qupntly to the State Senate; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Culbertson, W. W.; was born in the Kishaco- quillas Valley, in Central Pennsylvania, September 23, 1835; received a good education; removed to Ohio; entered the Union Army as a Captain in 1861, and served three years; removed to Indiana, then to Iowa, and finally settled in Kentucky; received a majority of the votes cast in a contest for the State Assembly, but was denied his seat; two years later was elected State Senator, and served four years; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the For ty-eighth Congress. Culbreth, Thomas ; was born in Kent County, Delaware; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1817 to 1821. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 121 Cullen, Elisha D.; was born in Delaware; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Cullen, William ; was born in the North of Ire land March 4, 1826; emigrated to the United States, with his parents; when a child, and settled in Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania; received a common school edu cation; in 1846 removed to Illinois, and engaged in farming; was Sheriff of La Salle County, and held other local offices; became part owner and senior editor of the Ottawa Republican newspaper; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-seventh Congress; re-elected to the Forty -eighth Congress. Cullom, Alvan; was a native of Kentucky; adopted the law as his profession; served frequently in the Legislature of Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1847; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Cullom, Shelby M. ; was born in Wayne County, Kentucky, November 22, 1829; was educated at Rock River Seminary, in Illinois; studied law at Springfield, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar in 1855; was immediately elected City Attorney of Springfield ; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1856; was again elected to the Legis lature in 1860, and was chosen Speaker; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and re-elected both to the Fortieth and Forty -first Congresses; was again elected to the lower House of the State Legislature in 1872, and again chosen Speaker; was re-elected in 1874; in 1876 was elected Governor of Illinois for the term of four years, and was re-elected in 1880; in 1883 was elected a Senator of the United States for the term of six years from March 4, 1883, and resigned the office of Gov ernor. Cullom, "William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1855; was Clerk of the House of Representatives during the Thirty- fourth Congress. Culpepper, John ; was born in Anson County, North Carolina; represented that State in Congress from 1807 to 1808, when his seat was vacated by Resolution of the House; was re-elected, and served from 1813 to 1817, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825; was a Baptist preacher; was elected to the General Assembly, but his seat was vacated on Con stitutional grounds. Culver, Charles Vernon ; was born in Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830; spent the most of his life actively engaged in business pursuits; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Bank ing and Currency and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Culver, Erastus D.; was born in New York; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1826; served in the Assembly of New York in 1838 and 1841; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Culver, E. D.; was a citizen of New York; in 1862 was appointed Minister Resident to Venezuela, where he remained until 1866. Cumback, Will ; was born in Franklin County, Indiana, March 24, 1829; was educated at the Miami University, Ohio; taught school for one or two years; attended the Law School at Cincinnati, and adopter* the legal profession; was elected a Representative from Indiana in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was a Presidential Elector ill 1861; during that year was appointed an additional Paymaster in the Army. Gumming , Thomas W.; was born in Mary~ land; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Gumming William ; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress in 1784. Cummings, Alexander ; was born in Penn sylvania; in 1865 was appointed Governor of the Territory of Colorado, residing in Denver City, and remaining in office two years. Cummings, Henry J. B.; was born at Newton, New Jersey, May 21, 1831; was educated in the pub lic schools of Pennsylvania; became editor of a news paper at the age of nineteen; studied law; was ad mitted to practice at Williamsport, Pennsylvania; removed to Winterset, Iowa, in 1856; in that year was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Madison County, and held the office for two years; in 1861 enlisted in the Fourth Iowa Infantry Regiment, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel; re turned home in 1865 and became editor and proprie tor of a newspaper; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-fifth Congress. Cummins, John ; was born in Indiana; was an early emigrant to Idaho, where he was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for that Territory, residing at Boise City. Cummins, John D.; was born in Pennsylvania: was a Representative from Ohio during the Thirtieth Congress. Died of cholera, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, September 11, 1848. Cunningham, Francis A.; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1845 to 1847. Currier, Moody ; was born at Roscommon, New Hampshire, April 22, 1806; from early boyhood he was thrown upon his own resources, and he gained his rudimentary education by studying by the light of pine knots after his day s work was done; by dint of the same perseverance and determination he se cured a common school education and worked his way through a course at Dartmouth College, from which institution he graduated in 1834, with high honors; he then became Principal of the Hopkinton Academy, and afterwards of the High School at Low ell, Massachusetts, and, Avhile filling these positions, read law; in 1841 was admitted to the bar and com menced the practice of law at Manchester, New Hampshire; soon afterwards established the Amos- keag (now the Amoskeag National) Bank and the Amoskeag Savings Bank; also became connected with other financial, and with industrial enterprises; was, for several years, a member of the City Government of Manchester; was twice Clerk of the State Senate of New Hampshire ; served two terms as a State Sen ator; was twice a member of the Governor s Council; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; in 1884 was elected Governor of New Hampshire for two years from June, 1885; he was devoted to literature, and among his productions was a volume of poems; the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth Col lege. Gurry, G-eorge L.; was born in Pennsylvania, removed to Oregon ; was appointed Governor of that Territory in 1854, remaining in office until 1859. Curry, Jabez L. M.; was born in Lincoln Coun ty, Georgia, June 5, 1825; removed with his father BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in 1838 to Talladega County, Alabama; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1843, and at the Dane Law School, Harvard University, in 1845, and prac ticed law with success in Alabama; in 1846 joined the Texas Rangers for the Mexican War, but soon returned on account of ill-health; was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature of Alabama in 1847, 1853, and 1855; a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1857 was elected a Representative in Congress from Alabama, serving on the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims and Expenditures in the State De partment; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; withdrew in 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel Congress; after the close of the Rebellion was ordained a Preacher of the Gos pel in the Baptist Church; in 1865 was appointed President of Howard College, in Alabama, and in 1868 a Professor in a Richmond College; in 1881 resigned his professorship in Richmond College to become General Agent of the Peabody Fund; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary of the United States to Spain. Curtin, Andrew Gregg ; was born at Belle- fonte, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1817; was admitted to the bar in 1839, and practiced at Bellefontaine ; from 1855 to 1858 was Secretary of State, and Superin tendent of Common Schools for Pennsylvania; in 1860 was elected Governor; during the Civil War, in 1861, was zealous in organizing troops, and in May, 1861, in a message to the Legislature, advised the establishment of a reserve corps, which rendered important service to the country; was re-elected Governor in 1863, and was active in the election of General Grant to the Presidency, by whom he was appointed Minister to Russia, in April, 1869; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Curtis, Benjamin Bobbins; was born in Watertown, Massachusetts, November 4, 1809; grad uated at Harvard University in 1829; studied law, and came to the bar in 1832; was devoted to his profession; settled in Boston in 1834; served two years in the State Legislature; in 1851 was appointed, by President Fillmore, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he re signed in 1857; in March, 1868, acted as one of the Counsel for President Andrew Johnson, before the High Court of Impeachment; subsequently practiced law in Boston; was author and compiler of about twenty-five volumes of legal reports and decisions; was made LL.D. by Harvard University. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, September 15, 1874. Curtis, Carlton B.; was born in Madison Coun ty, New York, December 17, 1811, received an aca demic education; studied and practiced law; was elected to the Legislature in 1836, 1837, and 1838; was elected to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses; served in the War of the Rebellion as Colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories and the War Department. Died at Erie, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1883. Curtis, Edward ; was born in Vermont; gradu ated at Union College, New York; practiced law in New York City ; took a prominent part in the coun cils of that city; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841; was appointed Collector of New York, by President Harrison, and removed by President Polk; was an intimate friend of Daniel Webster. Curtis, Samuel B.; was born in Ohio (while his parents were emigrating to the West from Connecti cut), February 3, 1807; graduated at the West Point Academy in 1831, and was appointed a Lieutenant, in the United States Infantry, but resigned in 1832;, studied and practiced law in Ohio; was subsequently an engineer in Ohio and Iowa; from 1837 to 1840 was: Chief Engineer of the Muskingum Works; during the Mexican War served as an Adjutant-General in- mustering the State troops; went to Mexico as a Colonel under General Taylor, and acted for a time as Governor of Matamoras, Camargo, Monterey, and Saltillo, performing much important service; on his return from Mexico practiced law for a time, but was called to Iowa and Missouri to perform important labors as an engineer, in improvements of harbors and the building of railroads; finally settled at Keokuk, in Iowa; was elected from that State a member of the House of Representatives in the Thirty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but resigned in 1861, to serve as a Brigadier and Major-General in the Union Army during the Rebellion; was subsequently appointed a Commis sioner to inspect the Union Pacific Railroad. Died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, December 25, 1866. Gushing, Caleb ; was born in Salisbury, Essex County, Massachusetts, January 17, 1800; graduated at Harvard College in 1817; was subsequently Pro fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in; that institution; studied law at Cambridge, and set tled in Newburyport to practice, having come to the, bar in 1822; in 1825 and 1826 served in the State>, Legislature; in 1829 visited Europe for pleasure,, publishing on his return, " Reminiscences of Spain," and "Review of the Revolution in France;" also* wrote for the North American Review; in 1833 and 1834 was again elected to the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1843; was appointed, by President Tyler, Commissioner and Envoy to China, and as such negotiated an important treaty; in 1846 was again elected to the Legislature;, in 1847 was chosen Colonel of the Massachusetts! Regiment of Volunteers for the Mexican War; wasi afterwards appointed a Brigadier-General, by Presi dent Polk; in 1850 was, for the fifth time, elected to the Legislature; in 1851 was made a Justice of the- Supreme Court of the State; when President Pierce* came into power, he invited General Gushing into; his cabinet as Attorney-General; on his return home was again elected to the Legislature of his native* State; in 1860 was elected President of the Charles ton Convention to nominate a President; in July, 1866, was appointed, by President Johnson, one of three to revise and codify the laws of the United States, under a law of Congress, but resigned in 1868;; in 1873 was nominated for Chief Justice of the Su-i preme Court of the United States, but withdrawn j; in 1874 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain. Gushing, Courtland ; was a citizen of Indiana; in 1850 was appointed Minister Resident to Ecuador, where he remained until 1853. Gushing, Thomas ; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, March 24, 1725; graduated at Harvard Uni-. versity in 1744, and received the degree of Doctor of! Laws from the same in 1785; was, for many years, a; Representative in the State Legislature; was a mem ber of the Provincial and Continental Congresses; was soon afterwards elected to the Council; made Commissary-General in 1775; Judge of the Common BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 123 Pleas and of the Probate Courts in 1877; was Lieu tenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1779, and also acting Governor; declined a re-election to the Conti nental Congress in the same year; in England he was considered a leader of the American Whigs; was on intimate terms with Hancock and Franklin ; was a Commissioner of the Society in London for Propa gating the Gospel; was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Died February 28, 1788. Gushing 1 , William; was born in 1733; gradu ated at Harvard College in 1751; in 1772 became Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts ; in 1777 was promoted to Chief Judge; in 1789 was ap pointed, by President Washington, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in which posi tion he continued until his death in 1810; in 1796 was tendered the position of Chief Justice of the Su preme Court, but declined the promotion; received from Harvard College the degree of LL. D. Cushman, John F.; was a citizen of Mississippi; in 1859 was appointed Minister Resident to the Ar gentine Confederation, remaining there until 1861, when he returned to the United States. Cushman, John Paine ; was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784; graduated at Yale College in 1807; studied law; removed to Troy, New York, where he practiced his profession ; served in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819; in 1838 was ap pointed Judge of the Circuit Court, having pre viously been Recorder of the city of Troy, and one of the Regents of the State University ; died in Troy, New York, September 16, 1848. He was a man of eminence in his profession, and discharged with ability the duties of the various offices with which he was intrusted. Cushman, Joshua ; was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts ; graduated at Cambridge in 1787; studied theology; was a State Senator in 1809, 1810, 1819, and 1820, and a member of the Assembly in 1811 and 1834; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821; represented Maine in Congress from 1821 to 1825, after its separa tion from Massachusetts. Died in 1834. , Samuel ; was born in 1783 ; was Judge of the Police Court of Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; held several offices of trust in the State, such as Councilor, from 1833 to 1835, County Treas urer, from 1823 to 1828, and Navy Agent at Ports mouth, from 1845 to 1849; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1835 to 1839. Died in Portsmouth, May 20, 1851. Cutchaon, Byron M.; was born at Pembroke, New HamDshire, May 11, 1836; removed, when a youth, to Michigan; received a classical education, graduating at Michigan University in 1861; was Principal of the High School at Ypsilanti, Michigan, in 1861 and 1862; in the latter year entered the Union Army as Lieutenant, and served until 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier- General; commanded the Second Brigade, Ninth Army Corps, in the Army of the Potomac, for a time ; studied law; graduated from the Michigan Law School in 1866, and was admitted to practice; was State Commissioner of Railroads from 1866 to 1873, was a Presidential Elector in 1868; Regent of the University of Michigan from 1875 to 1883, when he resigned; was elected a Representative from Michi gan to the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Cuthbert, Alfred ; was born in Savannah, Georgia; graduated at Princeton College in 1803; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1814 to 1817; again from 1821 to 1827; was a Sen ator of the United States from 1837 to 1843. Died in 1856. Cuthbert, John A.; was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1778; graduated at Princeton College in 1805; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1818 to 1821; was appointed, by the President, in 1822, a Commissioner to treat with the Creek and Cherokee Indians; partieipated in the great debate on the Missouri Compromise in 1820. Cutler, Augustus W.; wasborninMorristown r New Jersey, in 1829 ; adopted the profession of the law; was a Prosecutor for Morris County; took an in terest in educational matters, and became President of a local Board of Education; in 1871 was elected to the State Senate ; in 1874 was elected a Represent ative from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress ; was active in the Temperance cause, and in the rights of his State in her swamp lands; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Cutler, Manasseh ; was born in Killingly, Con necticut, in 1742; graduated at Yale College in 1765; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1767; removed to Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769; studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1771 ; was set tled as pastor of a church in Hamilton, Massa chusetts, September 11, 1771; distinguished him self by his attention to several branches of Natural History, particularly by first essaying a scientific description of the plants of New England, an ac count of several hundred of which, communicated by him, was published by the American Academy, of which he was a member; the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard College; he was one of the first scientific explorers of the White Mountains ; in 1787 he organized an expedition to the Northwest Territory; in 1788, with General Rufus Putnam, commenced a settlement at Marietta, on the Muskingum, Ohio; in 1790 returned with his- family to New England; served a number of years in the Legislature; was pastor of the church at Hamil ton, Massachusetts, until his death; in 1800 he was elected to a seat in Congress, and retained it until 1804, when he declined further political preferment, because of its interference with his ecclesiastical duties. Died July 28, 1823. Cutler, "William P.; was born near Marietta, Ohio, July 12, 1813; was elected to the Ohio Legis lature in 1844, 1845, and 1846, officiating as Speaker of the House during the last term; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1850; from that period until elected to Congress was President of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad Company; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Invalid Pensions. Cutting, Francis B.; was born in New York City in 1805; was liberally educated; in 1825 graduated at Columbia College; adopted the profession of the law, and became eminent as a commercial lawyer; in 1836 and 1837 was a member of the New York Legislature; from 1853 to 1855 was a Representative in Congress from his native State; was leading counsel in almost all important commercial questions in New York from 1840 to 1855; while in Congress he had a per sonal difficulty with J. C. Breckenridge on political questions; in 1863 became a "war democrat," and did good service in securing the re-election of Presi dent Lincoln. Died in New York City, June 26, 1870. 124 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Outts, Charles ; was born in Massachusetts in 1769; entered Harvard College in 1786; graduated in 1790; studied law with Judge Pickering; was electee a member of the Legislature in 1804, and then Speaker of the House; was sent to the United States Senate in 1810 from New Hampshire, and served un til 1813; by appointment, he entered the Senate fora second term in 1813, but resigned in June of thai year; was Secretary of the Senate from 1814 to 1825 Died in Virginia in 1846. Cutts, James Madison ; was born in Maine and the son of Richard Cutts; was for many yearc <a resident of the city of Washington; in 1857 was appointed Second Comptroller of the Treasury, and .held the office until 1863; died in Washington His father was appointed to the same office when it "was first created. Cutts, Marsena B.; was born at Orwell, Ver mont, May 22, 1833; received an academic education removed to Iowa in 1855; was Prosecuting Attorney of Poweshiek County in 1859; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1861; was a Stale Senator from 1861 to 1866; was again in the State House of Representatives from 1870 to 1872; was At torney-General of the State from 1872 to 1877; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-sev enth and Forty-eighth Congresses. Cutts, Richard; was born June 22, 1771, at Cutts Island, Saco, in the Province or District ol Maine, then constituting a part of the Commonweal i u of Massachusetts; received his early education at Har vard University, at which institution he graduated in 1790, in the twentieth year of his age; studied law; was extensively engaged in commerce, and took an active part in politics; visited Europe, and, on his return, after serving two successive years as a mem ber of the General Court of Massachusetts, was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 1800, elected a member of the House of Representatives of the United State? ; took his seat in the House December 7, 1801, ard. through six successive Congresses, constantly sus tained by the continued confidence of his constitu ents, gave a firm support to President Jefferson s administration, and to that of his successor, President Madison, until the close of his first term, March 3, 1813, having patriotically sustained, by his votes, non importation, non-intercourse, the embargo, and finally war, as measures called for by the honor and interest of the nation, although ruinous to his private fortune; on June 3 of the latter year was appointed Superin tendent-General of Military Supplies, an office created by the Act of March 3, 1813, the functions of whicli were required only during the continuance of the war; the office was accordingly abolished by the act of March 3, 1817, to provide for the prompt settle ment of public accounts ; by the same act the office of Second Comptroller of the Treasury was created, to which Mr. Cutts was immediately appointed by President James Monroe, and which he held until 1829, after which he resided in the city of Washing ton, in the retirement of private life, until his death, April 7, 1845. Cuyler, Jeremiah; was a native of Georgia; in 1821 was appointed District Judge of the United States Court for the District of Georgia, residing at Savannah, where he died May 7, 1839. Daggett, David; was born in Attleborough, Massachusetts, December 31, 1764; graduated at Yale College in 1783; was Professor of Law in that insti tution for many years, and subsequently received the degree of LL. D. from that institution; was State s Attorney and Mayor of New Haven, and frequently a member of the Legislature and member of the Coun cil; served as a Presidential Elector on several occa sions; from 1813 to 1819 was a Senator in Congress from Connecticut; from 1826 to 1832 was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was Chief Judge from 1832 to 1834, when he attained the age of sev enty years. Died April 12, 1851. Daggett, Rollin M.; was born at Richville, New York, in 1831 ; removed, with his parents, to North western Ohio, in 1837; received a good education, and became a printer; in 1849 crossed the plains to the Pacific Coast on foot; engaged in mining until 1852, when he again entered the field of journalism; in 1862 removed to Virginia City, Nevada; was elected to the Territorial Council in 1863; in 1864 re-entered newspaper life; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was elected a Representative from Nevada to the Forty-sixth Congress; in July, 1882, was ap pointed United States Minister to the Hawaiian Islands. Daily, Samuel G-.; was born in Indiana in 1819; was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Nebraska to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty -eighth Congress; was subsequently appointed a Deputy-Collector in New Orleans, where he died September 14, 1865. Dallas, Alexander J.; was born of Scotch par ents, on the Island of Jamaica, June 21, 1759; received an excellent education at Edinburgh and Westminster; emigrated to the United States in 1783, and settled at Philadelphia, where he studied law and estab lished himself in practice; was a frequent contributor to periodicals, and at one time editor of the Colum bian Magazine; prepared a system of law reports, which were published in four volumes ; in January, 1791, was appointed Secretary of Pennsylvania, and held the office until 1801, when he was appointed District Attorney of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; in October, 1814, was ap pointed Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, and for a time performed the duties of Secre tary of War in addition; in September, 1816, re signed, and resumed the practice of law in Philadel phia. Died January 16, 1817. He published " Fea tures of Jay s Treaty," in 1795, and various speeches, reports, and addresses, and left unfinished a "His tory of Pennsylvania." Dallas, George Mifflin; was born July 10, 1792, in the city of Philadelphia, where he received his early education; graduated at Princeton College in 1810; commenced the study of law in his father s office in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1813; in the same year accompanied Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his private secretary, when that gentle man was appointed a member of the Commission to negotiate a peace under the meditation of Alexander; during his abseuce visited Russia, France, England, Holland, and the Netherlands; returned to the United States in 1814, aud, sifter assisting his father for a time in his duties as Secretary 01 the Treasury, com menced the practice of his profession at Philadelphia; in 1817 was appointed the deputy of the Attorney- General of Philadelphia, and soon won a high repu tation as a criminal lawyer; took an active part in politics; in 1825 was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, and on the accession of General Jackson to the Presi- lency, in 1829, was appointed to the office of District Attorney, the same office which had been held by his ather; this post he held until 1831, when a vacancy laving occurred in the representation from Pennsyl vania in the United States Seriate, Mr. Dallas was ;hosen to fill it; took an active part in the debates of he stormy session of 1832- 33; on the expiration, of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 125 his term of office, in 1833, declined a re-election, and resumed the practice of his profession; in 1837 was appointed, by President Van Buren, Ambassador to Kussia, and remained in that country until October, 1839, when he returned home, and once more devoted himself to the practice of law; in 1844 was elected Vice-President of the United States, and entered upon the duties of his office in March of the following year; his term of office expired in March, 1849, when he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore; was appointed, by President Pierce, in 185<>, to succeed Mr. Buchanan as Minister at the Court of St. James, in which posi tion he was retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he be came President. Died in Philadelphia, December 31, 1864. Dalton, Tristam ; was born in that portion of Newbury, Massachusetts, now Newburyport, in 1743; at the early age of seventeen graduated at Harvard University; studied law as an accomplishment the fortune which he inherited from his father not re quiring him to practice it as a profession and took a deep interest in the cultivation of a large landed estate in what is now the town of West Newbury. Washington, John Adams, Louis Philippe, Talley rand, and other distinguished guests partook of his hospitalities. As eminent for piety as he was for mental endowments, the Episcopal Church, of which he was a warden, shared in his generous liberality ; was also noted for the affectionate interest which he took in the welfare of his servants, both black and white; was a Representative, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a Senator in the Legislature of Massachusetts; a Senator of the United States in the First Congress after the adoption of the Federal Constitution. When Washington City was founded Mr. Dalton invested his entire fortune in lands there, and lost it by the mismanagement of a business agent. At the same time a vessel which was freighted with his furniture and valuable library was lost on her voyage from Newburyport to Washington, and he thus found himself penniless after having lived sixty years in affluence. Several offices of profit and honor were immediately tendered him by the Gov ernment, and he accepted the Surveyorship of the Port of Boston. Died in Boston in June, 1817, and his remains were taken to Newburyport, where they were interred in the burial-ground of St. Paul s Church. Damrell, "William S.; was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 20, 1809* never had the privilege of even a common school education; was by trade a printer; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-fourth Congress, where he served on the Committee on Engraving, and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died at Boston, May 17, 1860. Dana, Amasa ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1828 and 1829; a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Dana, Charles Anderson ; was born in Hins- dale, New Hampshire, Augusts, 1819; studied two years at Harvard University, but did not graduate on account of impaired eyesight; edited the Harbin ger; was a contributor to the Boston Chronotype; was connected with the New York Tribune from 1847 to 1858; subsequently editor of the New York Sun; also edited the "Household Book of Poetry" in 1858, and was one of the editors of " Appleton s Cyclopedia;" was assistant Secretary of W T ar in 1863 and 1864. Dana, Francis; was born in 1743; graduated at Harvard College in 1762; after studying law, re sided a year in England; was a Delegate from Massa chusetts to the Continental Congress from 1776 to> 1779, and in 1784; signed the Articles of Confedera tion; was Secretary of Legation at Paris under John Adams; was appointed Minister to Russia, but not officially received ; was Chief Justice of the State from 1792 to 1806, when he resigned; in 1797 was appointed Minister to France. Died in 1811. Dana, John "W.; was born in Fryeburg, Maine; was an active politician; Governor of the State from 1847 to 1850; went to South America to reside ( in 1861, and died of cholera at Rosario, New Granada, December 22, 1867. He contracted the disease of which he died while miuistering to an American lady, whose death occurred on the day preceding his own. Dana, Judah ; was born in Massachusetts in 1772; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795; com menced the practice of law in Fryeburg; was Attor ney for Oxford County for six years; Judge of Probate for twenty years ; Judge of the Common Pleas for nine years; one of the Committee which drafted the Con stitution of Maine; a member of the Executive Coun cil of the State in 1834; by appointment of the Gov ernor, was a Senator in Congress from Maine during the years 1836 and 1837. Died at Fryeburg, Maine, December 27, 1845. Dana, Richard H., Jr.; son of the poet bearing the same name, and grandson of Francis Dana, the jurist; was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 1, 1815; graduated at Harvard College in 1837; his -, studies having been interrupted by a weakness of the eyes, he went to sea, and puplished a famous book entitled "Two Years before the Mast; " studied law at the Dane School ; was for a time a professor in Harvard College, and came to the bar in 1840; in 1841 published "The Seaman s Friend," and "Seaman s Manual;" was eminently successful as an advocate, and engaged in many important trials; always the friend of the sailor; was a frequent contributor to the North American Review and the Law Reporter] was one of the founders of the Free-Soil Party in Massachu setts; served in the State Legislature; was a leading member of the State Convention of 1853: was for five years United States Attorney for Massadiu etts; was prominent as a member of the Episcopal C mrch; in March, 1876, was appointed Minister to England, in place of R. C. Schenck. Died January 7, 1882. Dana, Samuel ; was born at Groton, Massachu setts, June 26, 1767; was a lawyer by profession, and became eminent; was President of the State Senate; Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas; was a Representative in Congress in 1814 and 1815 in place of W. M. Richardson, resigned. Died in Charlestown, Massachusetts, November 20, 1835. Dana, Samuel W. ; was born in Connecticut in 1747; graduated at Yale College in 1775; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1797 to 1810; a Senator in Congress from Connecticut from 1810 to 1821. Died July 21, 1830. Dane, Joseph; was born in Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts, October 25, 1778; graduated at Harvard University in 1799; adopted the profes sion of the law; removing to Kennebunk, Maine, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1816 and 1819; in 1820 was elected to Congress for the unexpired term of J. Homes; from 1821 to 1823 represented the York District of Maine in Congress, when he resigned; was subsequently in the Legisla ture as a member of the House for six years; was a member of the Senate in 1829; was chosen a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts in 1817, 126 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. and to a similar station in Maine in 1841, but de clined both offices; settled in Kentucky early in the present century, where he died May 1, 1858. Dane, Nathan ; was born at Ipswich, Massachu setts, in 1752; graduated at Harvard College in 1778 was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788; was the framer of the Celebrated ordinance passed by Congress in 1787; "though devoted to the practice of law, found time to prepare a Digest of American Law in nine volumes; established a Professorship of Law in Harvard Uni versity; after he had attained his seventieth year, was in the habit, of spending fourteen hours of each day engaged in reading and writing. Died at Bev erly, Massachusetts, February 15, 1834. He received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. Danford, Lorenzo ; was born in Belmont County, Ohio, October 18, 1829; received a common school education, and attended college two years at Waynes- burg, Pennsylvania; studied law at St. Clairsville, Ohio; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Belmont County in 1857 and 1859; entered the Army; served as private, Lieutenant, and Captain until 1864, when he resigned on account of sickness ; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1864; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on the Post Office and Post Roads; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Daniel, Henry; was born in Virginia in 1793; removed to Kentucky in his early youth; was a law yer by profession; was a volunteer in the War of 1812, with rank of Captain; was a State Representative from Montgomery County in 1812, 1819, and 1826; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1827 to 1833; had a famous encounter in that House with Tristam Burgess; in 1845 shot his brother-in-law in the Court House of Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. Died in that town October 5, 1873. Daniel, John M. ; was born in Virginia; prior to 1854 obtained some reputation as a newspaper writer; was appointed Minister Resident to Sardinia, but re signed the office and returned to the United States; resumed his connection with the press and the Rich mond Examiner ; though a very zealous friend of the Confederate Government, was very bitter in his at tacks upon its Executive Head; wrote a "Life of Stonewall Jackson," which was published in Eng land. Died March 30, 1865. Daniel, JohnR. J.; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina; graduated at the University of that State in 1821 ; studied law, and practiced it with suc cess; served for several years in the General Assem bly; was elected Attorney-General of the State; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1841 to 1853. serving through several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Removed to Louisiana, where he died. Daniel, John "War-wick ; was born at Lynch- burg, Virginia, September 5, 1842; was educated at Jjynchburg College and Dr. Gessner Harrison s Uni versity School; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and served throughoxit the Civil War, rising to the rank of Major and Adjutant-General ; entered the Law School of the University of Virginia in 1865; graduated in 1866 : was admitted to the bar, and en gaged in the practice of law at Lynchburg, Virginia; in 1869 was elected a member of the State House of Delegates; in 1875 was elected a State Senator, and was re-elected in 1879; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; in 1881 resigned the office of State Senator to accept the nomination of the Democratic party for Governor of Virginia; was defeated at the election; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-ninth Congress. Daniel, Peter Vyvian; was born in Stafford County, Virginia, in 1785; graduated at Princeton College in 1805; studied law with Edmund Randolph, and came to the bar in 1808 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1809 and 1810; in 1812 was a member of the Privy Council, and served as such until 1835; frequently served as Lieutenant-Goveruor; was tendered the office of Attorney-General of the United States, by President Jackson, but declined the appointment; in 1836 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Virginia; in 1840 was appointed, by President Van Buren, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in 1860. Danner, Joel B.; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1851. Darby, Ezra ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1804 to 1808, when he resigned. Died January 28, 1808. Darby, John Fletcher; was born in Person County, North Carolina, December 10, 1803; in 1818 removed, with his father, to Missouri, and settled in St. Louis County, where, until 1823, he worked on a farm, pursuing his studies under many difficulties, having previously received a good English education in his native town; after the death of his parents, in 1825, he applied for an appointment at West Point; being unsuccessful, sold out his father s estate, went to Frankfort, Kentucky, and studied law; in May, 1827, having a license to practice from the Supreme Court of Kentucky, returned to Missouri, and com menced professional life; was four times chosen Mayor of the city of St. Louis, and once a member of the State Senate; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 from that State. Dargan, Edward S.; was born in North Caro lina; removed in early youth to Alabama, where he subsequently taught school and studied law; in 1844 was elected Mayor of Mobile; from 1845 to 1847 was a Representative in Congress from Alabama; during the latter year was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Alabama. Dargan, George W.; was born in Darlington County, South Carolina, in 1841; was educated at the county schools and the State Military Academy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1872; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1877; was elected Solicitor of the Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1880; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress. Dargon, G-eorge W.; was born in South Caro lina in 1801; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Senate for several years; Commissioner in Equity for "lharleston; from 1847 to the time of his death, the hancellor of South Carolina. Died in Columbia, June 12, 1859. Darling, Mason C.; was born in Belliugham, Vlassachusetts, May 18, 1801 ; received a common ichool education; commenced active life as a school ;eacher in New York ; .studied medicine, and gradu ated at the Berkshire Medical Institution of Massa- :husetts, in 1824 ; practiced his profession for thirteen years, when he removed to Wisconsin, and aided in establishing the towns of Sheboygan and Fond du Lac ; ,he principal offices held by him in Wisconsin were BIOGRAPHICAL ANNULS. 1-27 those of Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond du Lac, and a member, for several years, of the Territorial Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from the State of AVisconsin, from 1847 to 1849. Darling, William A.; was born in Newark, New Jersey, December 17, 1817; shortly afterwards set tled in New York City; received a commercial edu cation, and, as clerk and proprietor, was devoted to the wholesale business; in 1838 was a director of the Mercantile Library Association; was, for eleven years, a member, as officer and private, of the Seventh Reg iment, National Guard; from 1847 to 1854 was Dep uty Receiver of Texas for New York; from 1854 to 1865 was President of a railroad company in New York; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1863 and 1864 was President of the Union and Republi can Organization of New York City; in the latter year was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and the War Debts of Loyal States, and also as Chairman of the Committee on Revenue Frauds. Darlington, Ed-ward ; was born in Pennsyl vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1833 to 1839. Darlington, Isaac ; was born in "Westtown, Chester County, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1781; was reared to hard labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop of his father, a worthy blacksmith; was a Quaker; educated himself; taught school; studied law, and was successful as a practitioner; in 1807 was elected to the State Legislature; served as a Volun teer Lieutenant in the last war with England; was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819, declining a re-election; in 1820 was ap pointed Deputy Attorney-General for Chester County; in 1821 was appointed President Judge of the County Court, which office he held until his death. Died April 27, 1839. Darlington, William; was born in, Birming ham, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1782; was brought up on a farm until eighteen years old, trained in the religion of George Fox, and when young had but a limited education; studied medi cine, and in 1804 graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; in 1806 was disowned by the Society of Friends for accepting the appointment of Surgeon to a military regiment; in 1807 went to India as Sur geon of a merchant ship; in 1811 and 1812 assisted in establishing the West Chester Academy, Pennsyl vania, of which he was long a Trustee and the Secre tary; in 1813 prepared a catalogue of plants of his native county; in 1814 took part in establishing the Bank of West Chester, and was its President; when Washington City was attacked by the British, he went to camp as a volunteer; was a member of Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823 ; was also a member of the "American Philosophical Society;" was a Canal Commissioner in 1825; in 1826 aided in forming a Natural History Society in West Chester, and was elected President of the same; on account of his de votion to science, and his scientific learning, a num ber of rare plants were named after him by leading naturalists of Switzerland and America; also held the office of Clerk of the Court of Chester County; aided in founding, and was President of, the "West Chester Medical Society;" was President of a rail way company; his publications on botany and kin dred subjects are quite numerous; in 1848 received from Yale College the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1855, from Dickinson College, that of Doctor of Physical Science ; was elected a member of some forty learned societies in America and Europe. Died in 1863. Darragh, Cornelius ; was born in Pennsylva nia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Died in January , 1855. Darrall, Chester B. ; was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, June 24, 1842 ; received a common school education ; studied medicine, and graduated at the Albany Medical College; entered the Union Army as Assistant Surgeon of Volunteers, promoted to be Surgeon, and served throughout the war; settled in Louisiana at the close of the war, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; was elected to the State Senate of Louisiana in 1860 ; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-sec ond and three subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, and Edu cation and Labor, and Chairman of Enrolled Bills; was, also, elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-seventh Congress. Darwin, C. B.; was a resident of Iowa, from which State he was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wash ington. Davee, Thomas ; was born in Plymouth, Massa chusetts, December 9, 1797; removed to Maine, and was bred a merchant; served six years in the Maine Legislature; during his second term in the Assembly was chosen Speaker; was also High-Sheriff of Som erset County; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841 ; was also for many years a Postmaster in Maine, and at the time of his death was a Senator elect of the State Legislature. Died December 9, 1841. Davenport, Franklin; was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; a man of education, and a Judge ; was a Senator in Congress from New Jersey from 1798 to 1799, but was superseded by J. Schure- man; was a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801. Davenport, Ira ; was born at Hornellsville, New York, June 28, 1841; received a collegiate edu cation; settled at Bath, New York; was a State Sen ator in 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881; was State Comp troller in 1882 and 1883; in the latter year was de feated for re-election; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty -ninth Congress; in 1885 was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of the State. Davenport, James ; was a graduate of Yale College in 1777; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1796 to 1797, when he died. Davenport, James J.; was born in Virginia; was a resident of Santa Fe, and in 1853 was appoint ed, from Missouri, Chief Justice of the United States Court for New Mexico. Davenport, John ; was born in Stamford, Con necticut, January 16, 1752; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1770; was a tutor in that College in 1773 and 1774; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1799 to 1817; served with credit in the Revolutionary War, as a Major in the Commissary Department; also practiced law. Died in Stamford, November 28, 1830. Davenport, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1827 to 1829. 128 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. < Davenport, Thomas ; was born in Cumberland County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1835. Died in Halifax County, in November, 1838. Davezac, Augusts ; was a citizen of Louisiana; was appointed Secretary of Legation to Mexico in 1 1829, remaining there two years; in 1839 was ap- pointed Charge d? Affaires; in 1845 re-commissioned ito the same office and place; returned to the United States in 1850. Davidson, Alexander C.; was born in Meck lenburg County, North Carolina, December 26, 1826; in 1835 removed, with his parents, to Alabama; re- i ceived a collegiate education, graduating from the ^ University of Alabama in 1848; read law in Mobile, !; Alabama, but, upon attaining his majority, engaged . in cotton planting, in which avocation he continued ; : : in 1879 was elected a Representative in the State ;- Legislature, where he served until elected a State Senator; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty -ninth Congress, and resigned his seat as State Senator. Davidson, Robert H. M.; was born in Gadsden . County, Florida, September 23, 1832; received an academic education; studied and practiced law; .served two terms as a Representative in the State .Legislature; was elected a State Senator in 1860; re tired from the Senate in 1862 and entered the Con- - federate Army, rising to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel; was a member of the State Constitutional , Convention of 1865; was elected a Representative ; from Florida to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Davidson, Thomas G.; was born in Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 6, 1805 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827; in 1833 was Register of the Land Office at Greensburg, Louisiana; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1833, where he served, from different parishes, some 1 thirteen years; was elected a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana in 1855; re-elected in 1857, and was Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and a member of the Committeeou Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in Feb ruary, 1861. Davidson, "William ; was born in Mecklenburg, .County, North Carolina, September 12, 1778; repre sented that county in the State Legislature as Sen ator in 1813, 1815, 1816, and 1817; was a Representa tive in Congress from his native State from 1818 to 1821; served again in the State Senate in 1827, 1828, and 1829. Died at Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, September 16, 1857, from injuries which he received by being thrown from his carriage while driving a fractious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a planter, he was a man of great influence and useful ness. Davie, William R.; was born in North Carolina; in 1790 was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. Davie, William Richardson ; was born at Egremont, near White Haven, England, June 20, 1756; graduated at New Jersey College, 1776; was placed by his father in South Carolina soon after the peace of 1763, under the care of his uncle, who edu cated and adopted him as his son and heir, his father returning to England; commenced the study of law at Salisbury, but soon obtained a Lieutenancy in a troop of dragoons and succeeded to the command; an- .; uexed it to the Legion of Pulaski in 1779, and was promoted, by General Lincoln, to be Brigade-Major; fought at Stono, where he was severely wounded, at Hanging Rock and Rocky Mount; protected the country between Charlotte and Camden, with a le gionary corps which he equipped at his own expense, and nearly impoverished himself by so doing; was rewarded for his services by the appointment as Colonel-Commander of State Cavalry, and was made Commissioner by General Greene; after the war, set tled at Halifax, North Carolina, and was for many years a member of the State Legislature; in 1787 was Delegate to the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution; the illness of his family called him home before his labors were finished, and his name does not appear on that instrument, but he was the most able champion in the State Convention ; he was the main support of the University of North Caro lina; was Major-General of State Militia; in 1799 Governor of the State; soon after was sent, by President Adams, with Ellsworth and Murray, on a Mission to France; after his return withdrew from public life to his farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba River, South Carolina; was appointed, in March, 1813, Major-General by the Government, but declined to serve on account of wounds. Died at Camden, South Carolina, November 8, 1820. Davies, Edward; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. Davies, William ; was born in Georgia; prior to the year 1820 was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia. Davis, Amos ; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature from Montgomery County in 1819, 1825, 1827, and 1828; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. Died in Owings- ville, in that State, June 5, 1835. He was a brother of Garrett Davis. Davis, C. K.; was born in Henderson, Jefferson County, New York, June 16, 1838; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1857; was United States Attorney for Minnesota for five years from 1868; in 1873 was elected Governor of that State. Davis, Daniel F.; was Governor of Maine from January, 1880, to January, 1881. Davis, David ; was born in Cecil County, Mary land, March 9, 1815; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1832; studied law in Massachusetts, and at the Law School of New Haven; in 1835 removed to Illinois; was immediately admitted to the bar, and soon afterwards settled in Bloomington ; in 1844 was elected to the State Lagislature; in 1817 to the Con vention which formed the present State Constitution; in 1848 was elected Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of the State; re-elected in 1855 and also in 1861 ; before completing his last term, was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; was for many years the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him every year, and was a Delegate at Large to the Chicago Convention of 1860, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President; just before entering upon his duties as Justice of the Supreme Court, was ap pointed a visitor to the West Point Academy; re signed from the Supreme Bench in 1877 to take his seat as United States Senator from Illinois for the term of six years; in October, 1881, was elected President pro tern, of the Senate. Died June 25, 1886. Davis, Edmund J.; was a native of Florida; received a good education; studied law, and engaged BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 129 in practice; emigrated to Texas in 1848; was Col lector of Customs on the Texas frontier, bordering on the Rio Grande, from 1850 to 1852; was a District Attorney in 1853 and 1854: was District Judge from 1855 to 1860; in 1861 entered the Union Army as Colonel; served throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General; after the close of the war returned to Texas; in 1866 was a member of the first Reconstruction Convention; was President ot the second Reconstruction Convention ; was Governor of Texas from 1870 to 1874. Davis, Garret ; was born at Mt. Sterling, Ken tucky, September 10, 1801 ; received an English and classical education; while yet a boy, was employed as a clerk in the County and Circuit Courts of his dis trict; studied law and came to the bar in 1823; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature, and was twice re-elected; in 1839 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; from 1839 to 1847 was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, and de clined a re-election ; in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, Territories, Claims, and Pensions; from early man hood until the death of Henry Clay, was one of the most intimate personal and political friends of that statesman; in 1864 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; in 1866 was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott; in January, 1867, was re- elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873. Died in Paris, Kentucky, in September. 1872. Davis, George R.; was born at Three Rivers, Palmer, Massachusetts, January 3, 1840; received a common school education and took a classical course at Williston Seminary, Massachusetts, graduating in 1860; studied law; entered the Union Army in 1862 and was promoted from Captain to Major, serving until the close of the war; settled in Chicago, Illinois, and engaged in various pursuits; was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-fifth Congress; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Con gresses. Davis, George T.; was born in Sandwich, Mas sachusetts, January 12, 1810; graduated at Harvard College in 1829; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832; was elected to the Senate of Massa chusetts in 1839 and 1840, was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1851 to 1853. Davis Henry G.; was born in Howard County, Maryland, November 16, 1823; received a limited education ; in 1843 became a brakeruan on the Balti more and Ohio Railroad; was soon advanced to higher positions on the Road; settled in West Vir ginia; in 1858 became President of a bank; in 1865 was elected to the Legislature; in 1868 was a Dele gate to the Democratic National Convention; in the same year was elected to the State Senate; in 1870 was re-elected; was elected a Senator in Congress from West Virginia for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture; was re-elected for the term ending in 1883. Davis, Henry "Winter ; was born in Annapolis, Maryland, August 16, 1817; graduated at Kenyon College in 1837; in 1839 entered the University of Virginia and went through a course of studies at that institution; settled in the practice of law at Alexan dria, Virginia; in 1850 removed to Baltimore, Mary land ; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth 9 Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; also elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and on the Special Committee on the Rebel lious States; in 1864 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and from Hampden Sidney College received the degree of LL.D. ; was a man of superior power as an orator; as an author, published, in 1852, a book entitled "The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam in the Nineteenth Century." Died in Baltimore, December 20, 1865; by a resolution of the National House of Representatives a eulogy was pronounced upon him, February 22, 1866, by his friend and late colleague, Senator John A. J. Cres- well. This is said to have been the only occasion when a private citizen was thus honored by Congress. In 1867 his collected speeches were published under the editorship of his friend Creswell. Davis, Horace ; was born at Worcester, Massa chusetts, in 1831; was educated at the public schools, and graduated at Harvard University in 1849; studied law at the Dane Law School, but was compelled, by failing health, to abandon professional life; in 1852 removed to San Francisco, California, and became the proprietor of extensive flouring-mills; never held any public office until elected a Representative from Cali fornia to the Forty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Davis, Jefferson ; was born in Christian County, Kentucky, June 3, 1808; his parents removed to Mississippi in his infancy; commenced his education at the Transylvania University, Kentucky, but left it for the West Point Academy, where he graduated in 1828; was a cadet from 1824 to 1828; Second Lieu tenant of Infantry from 1828 to 1833; First Lieuten ant of Dragoons from 1833 to 1835, serving in various campaigns against the Indians; was Adjutant of Dra goons, and at different times served in the Quarter master s Department; resigned from the army in 1835; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; in 1845 was elected a Representative in Congress from Mississippi ; resigned in 1846 to become Colonel of a Volunteer regiment to serve in Mexico; in Mexico received the appointment of Brigadier-General; in 1847 was ap pointed a Senator in Congress, to till a vacancy, and was elected for the term ending in 1851 ; resigned in 1850; was re-elected for a term of six years, but re signed; was appointed Secretary of War, by Presi dent Pierce, serving throughout his administration; in 1857 again took his seat in the United States Sen ate for the term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, and a member of those on Public Buildings and Grounds and on Print ing; in February, 1861, withdrew from the Senate, be came identified with the Great Rebellion, and was elected President of the so-called "Southern Confed eracy ; was subsequently confined as a prisoner of state in Fortress Monroe; after remaining in that stronghold as a prisoner for two years, was, in 1867, released on bail, and went to Canada; subsequently returned to Mississippi and lived in retirement. Davis, John ; was born at Plymouth, Massachu setts, January 25, 1761 ; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1781 ; was tutor for several years at Barn- stable, in the family of General Otis; studied law, and began to practice in Plymouth in 1786; was some years in the State Legislature; a member of the Con vention to adopt the Federal Constitution; member of the State Senate in 1795; appointed Comptroller of the United States Treasury, 1795; District Attorney for Massachusetts in 1796; was United States Dis trict Judge from 1801 until his death; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1820; was 130 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. a member of many learned societies, and President of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 1818 to 1843; in 1813 delivered an address in commemora tion of the Landing of the Pilgrims before that society; was an antiquarian of considerable eminence, and wrote many scientific and other valuable essays and addresses. Died in Boston, January 14, 1847. Davis, John ; was born in Northborough, Mas sachusetts, January 13, 1787; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1812; adopted the profession of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1815; w.as a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1834; Governor of Massachu setts during the years 1834 and 1835, and 1841 and 1842; a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1853, always serving on impor tant Committees and exerting much influence; on account of his many popular qualities he was called "Honest John Davis." Died suddenly, at Worces ter, April 19, 1854. Davis, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Davis, John ; was born at Newton, Massachu setts, September 16, 1851 ; was educated in Boston, and at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, Germany ; was appointed a clerk in the Department of State, at Washington, in 1870; Secretary to the Agent of the United States before the. Tribunal of Ar bitration at Geneva, Switzerland, in January, 1872; Private Secretary to the Secretary of State, at Wash ington, in October, 1872; was commissioned Clerk of the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, in 1874; was admitted to the bar in 1875; was appointed Assistant Counsel for the United States before the French-American Claims Commission in January, 1881 ; in 1882 was appointed Assistant Secretary of State; in January, 1885, was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court of Claims. Davis, John C. Bancroft ; was born in Worces ter, Massachusetts, December 29, 1822; son of the eminent Senator John Davis; graduated at Harvard College in 1840; was Secretary of Legation at Lon don from 1849 to 1852, acting repeatedly as Charge d Affaires; on his return from England settled in New York City, where he practiced law; from 1854 to 1861 was a foreign correspondent of the New York Times; subsequently edited an edition of the " Treaties of the United States; " in 1868 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1869 was appointed Assistant Secre tary of State; while Assistant Secretary he acted as arbitrator between Portugal and Great Britain, and was secretary, as well as member, of the High Com mission which concluded the treaty of Washington in 1871; resigned in 1871 to become Agent of the General Government before the Tribunal of Arbitra tion, at Geneva, on the Alabama Claims, performing much important work; in 1873 was re-appointed As sistant Secretary of State; in 1874 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia; in 1882 again became Assistant Secretary of State; resigned after a few months service, and was appointed one of the Judges of the United States Court of Claims, a posi tion which he retained but a short time. Davis, John G.; was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, October 10, 1810; his education was ob tained at a country school, where, during the winter months, he studied the rudiments of reading, writ- iitg, and arithmetic; was bred to the occupation of a farmer; was elected Sheriff of Parke County, Indiana, and resigned in 1832; was Clerk of the Superior and Inferior Courts of that county from 1833 to 1851; was a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands; also served on the Committee to Examine into the accounts of the late Clerk of the House, William Cullom; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Died at Terre Haute, Indiana, January 18, 1866. Davis, John J.; was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia, May 1, 1835; was educated at the North western Virginia Academy; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar, and practiced at Clarksburg; was a member of the State Legislature of Virginia in 1861, and of West Virginia in 1870; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1864 ; was one of the Delegates from the State at large to the National Democratic Con vention at New York in 1868; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on several committees. Davis, John "W.; was born in Lancaster, Penn sylvania, in 1799; after completing his medical studies in Baltimore, in 1821, at the Medical College, emigrated in 1823 to Indiana; served first, in 1829, as a Surrogate, and then in the Legislature of that State, and was Speaker of the lower branch in 1832 and 1841 ; was also a Commissioner to make a treaty with the Indians; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; was Speaker of the House of Representatives during the Twenty-ninth Congress; in 1848 was appointed Minister to China; subsequently held the position of Governor of Oregon Territory; was also President of the Baltimore Con vention which nominated Franklin Pierce for Presi dent, in 1852. Died at Carlisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859. Davis, Joseph J.; was born in Franklin County, North Carolina, April 13, 1828; received an academic education; adopted the profession of the law; was elected to the State Legislature in 1866; never held any other public position until elected a Representa tive from North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Davis, Lownd.es H.; was born at Jackson, Missouri, December 14, 1836; graduated at Yale College in 1860, and at the Louisville Law School, Kentucky, in 1863; engaged in the practice of law; was State s Attorney for the Tenth Judicial Circuit of Missouri from 1868 to 1872; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1875 ; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1876; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty- sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Davis, Noah ; was born in Ha verhill, New Hampshire, September 10, 1818; received a liberal education; studied law, came to the bar in 1841, and was for many years a successful practitioner in Al bion, New York, in which place his father had settled in 1825; was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State from 1857 to 1868; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, and Coin age, Weights and Measures; re-elected to the Forty- second Congress, but resigned to become United States Attorney for the District of New York; in 1873 was again elected Judge of the Supreme Court; presided over the court where Edward Stokes and William M. Tweed were tried and convicted, the first for murder and the second for malfeasance in office ; once wrote to a friend of his election to Congress as the chief misfortune of his life. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 131 Davis, Reuben ; was born in Tennessee, January 18, 1813; was self-educated, owing to the limited means of his father; studied and practiced medicine for a few years, and afterwards pursued the law as a profession; in 1835 was chosen District Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District of Mississippi; in 1837 was re-elected to the same office; served four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court of Errors and Appeals; was in the Mexican War as Colonel Commandant of the Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on account of sickness; was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1855 to 1857; was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Expenditures in the Navy Department; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was- a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three; joined the Rebellion in 1861. Davis, Richard D.; was born in New York; graduated at Yale College in 1818; was a Represent ative in Congress from his native State from 1841 to 1845, Davis, Robert T.; was born in the County of Down, North of Ireland, August 28, 1823; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States when three years of age, and settled at Amesbury, Massachu setts; was educated at Amesbury Academy, and at the Friends Boarding School, Providence, Rhode Island; graduated from the Medical Department of Harvard University in 1847; settled at Fall River, Massachusetts, in 1850; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1853; State Senator in 1859 and 186r; member of the State Board of Charities in 1863, and of the State Board of Health from its or ganization, in 1869, until its consolidation, in 1879, as the State Board of Health, Lunacy, and Charity, of which he then became, and continued, a member; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tions of 1860 and 1876; was elected Mayor of Fall River in 1873; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Davis, Roger ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1815. Davis, Samuel ; was born in Massachusetts ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815; in 1803, from 1808 to 1812, and in 1815 and 1816, was a member of the State Legis lature. Davis, Samuel B.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas ; was born in Ireland; emigrated to Rhode Island; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas T.; was appointed, by Presi dent Jefferson, in 1803, United States Judge for the Territory of Indiana. Davis, Thomas T.; was born in Middlebury, Addison County, Vermont, August 22, 1701; grad uated at Hamilton College, New York, in 1831; studied law in Syracuse, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; as a public man, his time was chiefly devoted to business connected with railroads, with various kinds of manufacturing, and with the mining of coal; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died May 2, 1872. Davis Timothy; was born in Newark, New Jersey, in March, 1794; received a common school education; removed to Kentucky in 1816, and was there admitted to the bar in 1817; spent twenty years of his life in Missouri ; having removed to Iowa, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Post-Office and Post Roads. Davis, Timothy ; was born in Gloucester, Mas sachusetts, April 12, 1821; was educated at a dis trict school; spent two years in a printing office; lived a number of years in Boston as a clerk and as a merchant; in 1854, by an vinusually large majority, was elected a Representative in Congress from his native district; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and served as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was appointed, by President Lin coln, to a place in the Boston Custom House in 1861. Davis, "Warren R.; was born in South Carolina; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1810; adopted the profession of the law; came to the bar in 1814 ; was appointed Solicitor for South Carolina in 1818; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1825 to 1835; died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1835, aged forty- two years. It was while attending his funeral that President Jackson was fired at by a man named Lawrence. Davis, "William M. ; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Davy, John M.; was born in Ottawa, Ontario, June 29, 1835; removed, with his parents, when a child, to Monroe County, New York; received a com mon school and academic education; studied law, and on coming to the bar in Rochester, was elected District Attorney for Monroe County for three years; in 1872 was appointed Collector of Customs for the Port of Genesee, which office he held until 1874, when he was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. Dawes, Henry L.; was born in Cnmmington, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 30, 1816; graduated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted the profession of the law; taught school for a time, and edited a paper called the Greenfield Gazcite ; was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts during the years 1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State Senate in 1850, and of the State Constitutional Convention in 1853; was District Attorney for the Western Dis trict of his native State, from 1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, wherein he served as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Elections; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of the Committee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the Com mittee on Elections, and serving on that on Weights and Measures; was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving again at the head of the Committee on Elections; also re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty -third Congresses, serving on the most important Committees; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commenc ing in 1875, and ending in 1881; was re-elected for another term of six years. 132 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Dawes, James W.; was born at McConnells- ville, Ohio, January 8, 1845; removed, with his pa rents, to Newport, Wisconsin, in 1856; received a common school education ; was reared on a farm ; was a merchant s clerk at Kilbourn City, Wisconsin, from 1864 to 1868; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1871 ; in that year engaged in mercantile business at Crete, Nebraska; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1875; was made Trvfstee and Secretary of Doane College, Nebraska, the same year, and continued in those positions; was elected State Senator in 1876; was Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee from 1876 to 1882; in 1877 entered upon the practice of law; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880; was a member of the National Republican Committee from 1880 to 1884; in 1882 was elected Governor of Nebraska for the term of two years ; was re-elected Governor in 1884; was a Trustee, and Secretary, of Doane College, at Crete, Nebraska. Dawes, Rufus R.; was born at Malta, Ohio, July 4, 1838; graduated at Marietta College, Ohio. in 1860; entered the Union Army in 1861, as Cap tain, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; en gaged in business at Marietta, Ohio; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh Con gress. Dawson, John ; graduated at Harvard Univer sity in 1782 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1793 ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1814; served in one of the State Conventions of Virginia, and in the General Assembly; was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia; ren dered service in the War of 1812, as Aid to the Com manding General, on the Lakes; was appointed bearer of dispatches to France, in 1801, by President Adams. Died in Washington City, March 30, 1814, aged fifty-two years. Dawson, John B.; was born at Nashville, Ten nessee, in 1800; was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred at St. Francisville, Louisiana, June 26, 1845; had repeatedly served in the Legislature of Louisiana; was a Militia General of the State, and was Judge of the Parish Court in which he resided before his election to Congress. Dawson, John L.; was born in Uniontown, Fay- ette County, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1813; was educated at Washington College; adopted the profes sion of the law; was appointed, by President Polk, in 1845, United States Attorney for the Western Dis trict of Pennsylvania ; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-second and Thirty- third Congresses, serving during the last term as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture; in 1862 was elected to the Thirty -eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and also of the Committee on Public Lands; was the author of the Homestead Bill, which passed in 1854; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Conventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and to the Cincinnati Convention of 1856; was appointed Governor of Kansas, by Presi dent Pierce, in 1855, but declined the appointment; re-elected in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Rules and Foreign Affairs; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. Died in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1870. Dawson, "William ; was a resident of New Mad rid, Missouri; in 1884, was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Dawson, "William C. ; was born in Greene Coun ty, Georgia, January 4, 1798; graduated at Franklin College in 1816; studied law at home and at Litch- field, Connecticut; having been admitted to the bar, settled at Greensborough in 1818, where he was emi nently successful as a jury lawyer; was, for twelve years, Clerk of the House of Representatives of Geor gia, and several times Senator and Representative in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1837 to 1842; in 1845 was ap pointed Judge of the Ockmulgee Circuit; from 1849 to 1855 was a Senator of the United States, where he served on important Committees, and commanded a wide influence. Died May 5, 1856. Dawson, "William J. ; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1793 to 1795. Day, Rowland ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1833 to 1835. Day, Thomas; was born at New Preston, Con necticut, in 1777; graduated at Yale College in 1797; was tutor in Williams College in 1798; studied law, and settled in Hartford in 1799; was Assistant Secre tary of State in 1809, and Secretary in 1810; was Associate Judge of the County Court from 1815 to 1825, when he was made Chief Judge of that Court, and held that office till 1833; was Judge of the City Court of Hartford from 1818 to 1831 ; was one of the Committee to prepare the Statutes of 1808, 1821, and 1824; reported the decisions of the Court of Errors, from 1805 to 1853, published in twenty volumes- was an original member of the Connecticut Histori cal Society, and President of it from 1839 till his death; also President of the Wadsworth Athenamm and a liberal contributor. Died at Hartford, March 1, 1855. Day, Timothy C.; was born in Ohio; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty -fourth Congress. Day, "William A.; was born at Wilmington, Delaware, June 11, 1850; received a common school and academic education; attended the Law School of Harvard University, at Cambridge, Massachusetts; removed to Champaign, Illinois; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1872, and en gaged in the practice of law at Champaign, Illinois; was twice elected Corporation Counsel of Cham paign; served two terms as a Representative in the Illinois State Legislature; in June, 1883, was elected Mayor of Champaign for the term of two years; in June, 1885, was appointed Second Auditor of the United States Treasury. Dayan, Charles ; was born at Amsterdam, New York, July 16, 1792; until fourteen years of age worked in a mill; at that time began to study, and was successful; taught school for four winters at a salary of two dollars per month; studied law, and was a successful practitioner for many years; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833; a State Senator in 1827 and 1828; acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1829; a member of the As sembly in 1835 and 1836; was also District Attorney for Lewis County for five years. Dayton, Aaron O.; was born in New Jersey; in 1838 was appointed the Fourth Auditor of the Treasury Department, and held the office until 1859. Dayton, Elias ; was an officer of the Revolution; in 1778 was appointed, by Congress, Colonel of the New Jersey Regiment; at the close of the war was BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 133 promoted to Brigadier-General; was a Major-General of Militia; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1787 to 1788. Died at Elizabethtowu, July, 1807, aged seventy-one years. Dayton, Jonathan; was a native of New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1776; was a mem ber of the Convention, in 1787, which formed the Constitution, and signed that instrument; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1791 to 1799; Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1795 to 1797; was a Senator of the United States from New Jersey from 1799 to 1805; he was a distinguished statesman. Died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about sixty-eight years. Dayton, "William L.; was born in Somerset County, New Jersey, February 17, 1807; graduated at Princeton College in 1825; was a lawyer by pro fession, having come to the bar in 1830; was a mem ber of the State Senate of New Jersey in 1837; was appointed one of the Justices of the Superior Court of the State, February 28, 1838; resigned in 1841, and resumed the practice of law; was a Senator in Congress from 1842 to 1851; in 1856 was the Repub lican Candidate for Vice-President on the ticket w ith J. C. Fremont; in March, 1857, was appointed At torney-General of New Jersey, which office he held until 1861, when he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to France; was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Died in Paris. Decem ber 2, 1864. Dayton, William L.; was born at Trenton, New Jersey, April 13, 1839; received a classical education, graduating from the College of New Jersey, at Prince ton, New Jersey, in 1858; studied law; was Second Secretary of the American Legation at Paris, France, from 1861 to 1865; was Secretary to the Governor of New Jersey from 1865 to 1868; was admitted to the bar in 1866, and engaged in the practice of law at Trenton, New Jersey; was President of the Common Council of Trenton from 1876 to 1879; City Solicitor from 1879 to 1881; in April, 1882, was appointed United States Minister Resident at The Hague, Netherlands. Deady, Matthew P.; was born near Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, May 12, 1824; during his minority lived in Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio; stud ied law, and came to the bar in the latter State in 1847; in 1849 removed to Oregon, where he engaged in teaching and practiced his profession; in 1850 was elected to the lower House of the Legislature of the Territory, and in 1851 to the upper House, serving as President ; in 1853 was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory, serving until the State was established, when he was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Oregon; in 1857 was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention which formed the State Constitution, and was President of that body; in 1862 and 1864, by authority of the Legislature, prepared the Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure, and the Penal Code of the State; in 1865 published the General Laws of the State, and assisted in the same work in 1874. Dean, Benjamin ; was born at Clitheroe, Eng land, August 14, 1824; emigrated to America at an early age, and located at Lowell, Massachusetts; was educated at the public schools, and at Dartmouth College; studied law at Lowell and at the Cambridge Law School; was admitted to practice at Lowell in 1845 ; subsequently removed to Boston ; was a mem ber of the State Senate in 1862, 1863 and 1869; suc cessfully contested the seat of Walbridge A. Field as a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- fifth Congress, and took his seat March 28, 1878. Dean, Ezra ; was born in New York, was a Rep resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1841 to 1845. Dean, Gilbert; was born in Pleasant Valley, Dutchess County, New York; in May, 1837, entered the Amenia Seminary; in September of the same year went to Yale College; graduated in 1841; studied law in Pine Plains; commenced practice in Poughkeep- sie in 1844, attaining eminence in his profession; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853; was re-elected for a second term, but resigned, in 1855, to accept the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1862 was elected to the Assembly. Died at Poughkeepsie in 1870. Dean, Josiah ; was born in Baynham, Massa chusetts, March 16, 1748; was a Presidential Elector in 1805; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1807 to 1809; from 1804 to 1807 was a State Senator; in 1810 and 1811 was a member ol the State Legislature. Died October 14, 1818. Dean, Sidney ; was horn in Glastenbury, Hart ford County, Connecticut, November 16, 1818; received a common school education; entered upon active life as a manufacturer; subsequently became a clergy man ; served one year in the Legislature of Connecti cut; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1855, and re-elected in 1857, officiating, during his first term, as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, and as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; in 1860 he settled in Rhode Island as a clergyman. Deane, Silas ; was born at Groton, Connecticut, December 24, 1737; graduated at Yale College, 1758; settled as a merchant in Wethersfield, Connecticut; was a Delegate to the Congress of 1774; in 1775 fitted out a large naval force for the Marine Committee; in June, 1776, was commercial and political Agent for the Committee of Secret Correspondence, to operate in France, Holland, and Great Britain, to procure one hundred field-pieces, and clothing, arms, and muni tions of war for twenty-five thousand men; was chosen, by Congress, Ambassador to France, with Franklin and Jefferson, but, the latter declining, Arthur Lee took his place; succeeded in negotiating treaties with France, which were signed at Paris, February 6, 1778; he was given full credit for these important services, and it was through him that Lafayette was secured to our country s service; he was, however, recalled November 21, 1777, on ac count of dissatisfaction in Congress at not being able to meet the engagements which he had made with foreign officers; this recall was accompanied by a re quest to obtain information of the state of affairs in Europe, and report immediately to Congress; he received this dispatch March 4, 1778, and arrived at home July 10, 1778; he soon saw that he was re garded with disfavor by Congress, and it was nearly six weeks before any notice was taken of his attend ance.; he was then required to give such a report of his mission as obliged his return to France, which much exasperated him, and caused a controversy with influential members; he was discharged from further attendance on Congress August 6, 1779, and a person appointed to audit his accounts; he returned to France in 1780; published letters charging the French Cabinet with intrigue, and, becoming obnoxious to them, withdrew to the Netherlands, impoverished almost to penury; embittered and exasperated, he became estranged from his country, and went to England; Dr. Franklin testified to his probity and honesty, but the enmity of Lee prevailed against him 134 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in Congress, and was the cause of his ruin; in 1842 his claims -were adjusted by Congress, and a large sum was paid over to his heirs; his diplomatic corre spondence, his "Narrative," "An Address to the Free and Independent Citizens of the United States," printed in Hartford and London, and a volume entitled "Paris Papers, or Deane s Late Intercepted Letters to His Brother and other Friends," published in New York all tend to exonerate his conduct, and satisfy the reader of the present day that he was a man of eminent ability and misrepresented. Died at i^ oul, England, August 23, 178J. Dearborn, Henry ; was a native of New Hamp shire, and settled in the practice of physic at Ports mouth; was a Captain in Stu.k s regiment at the battle of Bunker Hill; accompanied Arnold in the expedition through the wilderness of Maine to Que bec; was captured by the British, and put into close confinement, but in May, 177o, was permitted to re turn on parole; in March, 1777, was exchanged; served as a Major in the army under Gates, at the capture of Burgoyne; distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth by a gallant charge on the enemy; Dearborn being sent to ask for further orders, Washington inquired, "What troops are those?" "Full-blooded Yankees from New Hampshire, sir," was the reply; in 1779 accompanied Sullivan in his expedition against the Indians; in 1780 was with the army in New Jersey; in 1781 was at Yorktown, at the surrender of Cornwallis; in 1789 Washington appointed him Marshal of the District of Maine; was a member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to 1797; in 1801 was appointed Secretary of War, and held the office till 1809, when he was appointed to the office of Collector of Boston; in 1812 received a commission as senior Major-Oeneral in the army of the United States; in the spring of 1813 captured York, in Upper Canada, and Fort George, at the mouth of the Niagara; was recalled by President Madison in July; was ordered to assume the com mand of the military district of New York City; in 3822 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal; two years later returned to America at his own request. Died in 1829, aged seventy-eight years. Dearborn, Henry A. S.; was born in 1783, in Exter, New Hampshire; was educated at William and Mary College, Virginia, and commenced the study of law in Washington, while bis father was Secretary of War under Jefferson; finished his studies at Salem, Massachusetts, and commenced to practice in that city; removed to Portland, and superimendr-.d the erection of the forts in the Harbor; was appointed Collector of the Port of Boston, by President Madi son, (having been previously made Deputy Collector by his father when Collector), as an inducement for his father to accept the command of the army, and held the office until removed by General Jackson in 1829; in 1812 was Brigadier of Militia, and had the command of the troops in Boston Harbor; in 1821 was a member of the Convention for revising the Con stitution of Massachusetts; in 1829 was a Representa tive in the Legislature from Roxbury; the same year was chosen Executive Councilor, and the following year a State Senator; from 1831 to 1833 was a Repre sentative in Congress; was soon appointed Adjutant- General of Massachusetts, and continued in that office till 1843, when he was removed for lending some of the State arms during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island; in 1847 was chosen Mayor of Roxbury, which office he held until his death. While in the custom-house in Boston he wrote and published three volumes on the " Commerce of the Black Sea." He also wrote a biography of Commodore Bainbridge, and one of his father; a book on Architecture, and a Life of Christ. Died in Portland, Maine, July 29, 1851. Deberry , Edmund ; was born i n Montgomery County, North Carolina, August 14, 1787; was- edu cated at the common schools of the county, and hav ing entered public life, in 1806, as a member of the State Legislature, continued to serve there, with oc casional intermissions, until 1828; was a Representa tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1829 to 1831, from 1833 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. Died in his native county in 1859. De Bolt, Bezin A. ; was born in Fairfield Coun ty, Ohio, January 20, 1828; received a common school education and learned the trade of a tanner; read law; went to the bar in 1854, and removed to Missouri in 1858; was for two years a Commissioner of Public Schools; entered the Volunteer Army as a Captain, and having been captured at Shiloh, spent more than a year in a Southern prison ; on being re leased resigned his commission and resumed his pro fession; re-entered the army in 1864, as a Major; was elected Circuit Judge, and continued in the office until elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress. De Bow, James D. B.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, July 10, 1820; was employed for seven years in a mercantile house; graduated at Charleston College in 1843; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in Charleston in 1844; became edi tor of the Southern Quarterly Review; an article by him upon "Oregon and the Oregon Question" at tracted much attention and occasioned a debate in the French Chamber of Deputies; in 1845 removed to New Orleans and established De Bow s Commercial Review; was Professor of Political Economy and Com mercial Statistics in the University of Louisiana in 1848; and was for three years at the head of the Census Bureau of Louisiana; in 1853 was appointed Superintendent of the United States Census; was Pres ident of the Commercial Convention at Knoxville in 1857; contributed several articles to the "Encyclopedia Brittanica;" was one of the founders of the Louisiana Historical Society, now the Academy of Science; dis continued the publication of the Review during the civil Avar; resumed it in New York, and afterwards at Nashville; was the author of " Encyclopedia of the Trade and Commerce of the United States," " The Southern Sintes, their Agriculture, Commerce etc.," " Industrial Resources of the Southwest," and "Compendium of the Seventh United States Cen sus." Died in Elizabeth, New Jersey, February 27, 1867. Deering, Nathaniel C.; was born at Denmark, Maine, September 2, 1827; received a common school and academic education; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1855 and 1856; removed to Osage, Iowa, in 1857; was a Clerk in the United States Senate for several years; then a Special Agent of the Post Office Department, serving until 1869; was a National Bank Examiner from 1872 to 1877; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the For- ty-iifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomination. Defrees, John D.; was. born in Sparta, Tennes see, November 10, 1810; after receiving a year s schooling in a log school-house, began, at the age of thirteen, to learn the business of printing; read law with Thomas Corwin in Ohio; settled at South Bend, Indiana, in 1831; served in the Legislature of that State for eight years; was for many years the owner and editor of the Indiana State Journal; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Superintendent of Public Printing. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 135 Defrees, Joseph H.; was born in Carthage, "White County, Tennessee, May 13, 1812; received a good common school education; spent his early day; in the printing business; subsequently turned his at- tention to merchandising in Indiana; in 1836 was : elected Sheriff of Elkhart County, and was re-elected : in 1838; in 1849 was elected to the Indiana Legisla ture; in 1850 to the State Senate; in 1864 was chosen a Kepresentative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Roads and Canals. Degener, Edward; was born in Brunswick, i Germany, October 20, 1809; received an academic education in England and Germany; was member of a legislative body in Anhalt-Dessau, and a member of the first German Parliament in Frankfort; came to the United States in 1850, and settled in Sisterdale, Texas, as a farmer; was court-martialed and impris oned by the Confederates for his devotion to the Union cause; after his release remained in ij.m Anto nio and engaged in mercantile pursuits; was a mem ber of the Constitutional Convention in 1866, in which he favored universal suffrage; was again a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1868; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several committees. DeG-raff, John I,; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1839. Deitz, William ; was born in Schoharie County, New York; was a member of the New York Assem bly in 1814 and 1815; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1825 to 1827; a State Sen ator from 1830 to 1833. De Jarnette, Daniel C.; was born in Caroline {Bounty, Virginia, in 1822; received a liberal educa tion ; adopted the occupation of a farmer ; served many years in the Legislature of Virginia; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Rev olutionary Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia; withdrew in 1861. Delahay, Mark W.; was an early emigrant to Kansas; was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. De La Matyr, Gilbert ; was born at Pharsalia, New York, July 8, 1825; received an academic edu cation; graduated in the Theological Course of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1854. and became an Itinerant Elder of that church; was a mem ber of the General Conference in 1868, and was Presiding Elder for one term; was a chaplain in the Union Army from 1862 to 1865; was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-sixth Congress. Delano, Charles ; was born in Braintree. Massa chusetts, in 1820; graduated at Amherst College in 1840; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842; in 1850 was appointed Treasurer of Hampshire County; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Delano, Columbus; was born in Shoreham, .Vermont, in 1809; removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, in 1817; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and became eminently successful, both as a criminal prosecutor and an advocate; in 1844 was elected a Representa tive from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth Congress, and served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions; in 1847 was a candidate for Governor, but lacked two votes of a nomination; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention; in 1861 was appointed Commis sary-General of Ohio, and filled the office with great success until the general government assumed the subsistence of all State troops; in 1862 was a candi date for United States Senator, but again lacked two votes of nomination; in 1863 was elected to the House of Representatives of Ohio, and was a promi nent member of that body, taking a leading part in shaping the important legislation of that session ; in 1864 was a member of the Baltimore Convention, and Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, zealously support ing President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims; having relin quished the practice of his profession, he became extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits, and the business of banking; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; in 1868 successfully contested the seat of G. W. Morgan for the Fortieth Congress; after leaving Congress was appointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue; was appointed Secretary of the Interior Department, by President Grant, in 1870, and resigned in 1875. Delaplaine, Isaac C.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. De Large, Robert C.; was born in Aiken, South Carolina, March 15, 1842; bred a farmer; was agent of the Freedmen s Bureau in 1867; in 1868 was elected to the State Constitutional Convention; was a member of the State Legislature from 1868 to 1870; was one of the State Commissioners of the Sinking Fund; elected, in 1870, State Land Commissioner; was elected to the Forty-second Congress. De Lisle, Moreau ; was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the Territory of Orleans, in 1808. Dellet, James ; was a native of Ireland; was- one of the early graduates of the University of South Carolina, in 1810; adopted the profession of the law, coming to the bar in 1813; was a Commissioner in Equity; removed to Alabama in 1818, where he was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court, and fre quently represented his County in the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Died at Claibourne, December 21, 1848, aged sixty years. Delmar, Alexander; was born in New York, August 9, 1836; was editor of the Social Science Review in 1864; in 1866 was appointed Director of the Bu reau of Statistics, which he assisted in organizing, holding the office until it was abolished ; subsequently devoted some attention to literary pursuits, and printed an account of his experience in the Treasury Department, as well as several works on political economy. De Long, Charles E.; was a citizen of Nevada; was appointed Minister Resident to Japan in 1869, vnd in 1870 commissioned as Minister Plenipotentiary o the same country, where he remained until 1873. Deming, Benjamin F.; was born at Danville, Vermont; received a common school education; served a number of years as clerk in a store; was "lerk ot the Court in his native county for sixteen years; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, for the term from 1833 to 1835. Died at Saratoga Springs, whither he had gone for his health, July 11, 1834. 136 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Deming, Henry C.; was born in Connecticut: graduated at Yale College in 1836, and at the Law School of Harvard College in 1838 ; was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and also from 1859 to 1861, serving as Speaker during the latter year; in 1851 was a member of the State Sen ate; subsequently presided over the city of Hartford as Mayor for six years; in 1861, as Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers, went to New Orleans, and participated in the capture of that city; in October, 1862, was appointed Mayor of New Orleans, which position he held until February, 1863, when he resigned both that office and his com mission in the army, and returned home; two months afterwards was elected a Representative from Con necticut to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the War De partment; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. serving on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, as well as on his former Committees; was one of the Representatives appointed to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was subsequently appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue. Died in Hartford October 9, 1872. De Mott, John ; was born in New Jersey; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1833; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. De Motte, Mark L..; was born at Rockville, Indi ana, December 28, 1832; graduated in the Ethical Department of the Asbury University, Indiana, in 1853, and in the Law Department of that institution in 1855; entered upon the practice of law at Valpa raiso, Indiana; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1856; served as a Captain in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; at the close of the war re moved to Lexington, Missouri, and practiced law: was editor and proprietor of the Lexington E .-/ixlcr newspaper for eight years; was an unsuccessful candi date for Congress in 1872 and 1876; in the latter year was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion; returned to Valparaiso, Indiana, in 1877; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- seventh Congress. Denby, Charles ; was born at Mount Joy, Bot- tetourt County, Virginia, June 16, 1830; was partly educated at Georgetown University, in the District of Columbia, and was graduated from Virginia Mili tary Institute, with high honors, in 1850; went at once to Selma, Alabama, where he became a Profes sor in the Masonic University at that place; remained in this position until 1853, when he went to Evans- ville, Indiana, and became Assistant Editor of the Evansville Enquirer; while thus engaged studied law ; in 1855 was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law at Evansville; in 1856 was elected a Representative in the Indiana Legislature; at the expiration of his term resumed the practice of his profession; in 1861 was prominent in raising volun teers for the Union Army and was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of an Indiana Regiment; served until 1863, and was promoted Colonel for gallant conduct; was then compelled, by ill-health, to re- aign; resumed his law practice, which was very large; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Conven tions of 1876 and 1884; in June, 1885, was appointed i>y President Cleveland, United States Minister to China. Denison, Charles ; was born in Wyoming Val ley, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1818; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829; adopted and practiced the profession of the law; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Navy Department: re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, but died in Wilkesbarre, June 27, 1867. Denison, Dudley Chase; was born at Royal- ton, Vermont, September 13, 1819; received a classi cal education, graduating at the University of Ver mont in 1840; studied law, and commenced practice in 1844; was a State Senator in 1853 and 1854; State s Attorney from 1858 to 1860; a member of the State House of Representatives in 1861, 1862, and 1863; was United States District Attorney for the District of Vermont; was elected a Representative from Ver mont to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Denning, William ; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Eleventh Congress, but did not qualify, having resigned before the meeting of Congress. Dennis, George R.; was born in White Haven, Somerset County, Maryland, April 8, 1822; gradu ated at the Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York, and entered the University of Virginia; studied med icine at the University of Pennsylvania, and gradu ated in 1843; practiced his profession for many years ; retired, and devoted his attention principally to ag ricultural pursuits: was President of the Eastern Shore Railroad; was a Delegate from the State at large to the National Whig Convention, at Philadel phia, in 1856; also to the Democratic National Con vention, at New York, in 1868, serving as one of the Vice Presidents of that body; was elected to the State Senate of Maryland in 1854; to the House of Dele gates in 1867, and again to the Senate in 1871; was elected to the United States Senate for the term com mencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Claims, and Senate Ex penses. Dennis, John ; was born in Somerset County? Maryland, December 17, 1771; was educate 1 a*- Princeton College; studied law, and came to the bar; was elected a Representative in Congress from Mary land in 1796; was re-elected to five successive Con gresses, and was a prominent member of the Judiciary Committee; died in Philadelphia, August 17, 1807. soon after ending his honorable career in Congress. His son bearing the same name was also a member of Congress. Dennis, John ; was born in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1807; was a Representative in Con gress from that State, from 1837 to 1841; was twice elected to the State Legislature; was a member of the Maryland State Convention in 1850; was edu cated for the bar, but relinquished professional life for the pursuits of agriculture. Died of consumption, November 1, 1859; son of John Dennis, who was a member of Congress. Dennis, Littleton P.; graduated at Yale College in 1803; served many years in the Legislature of Maryland; was a Presidential Elector in 1800, 1812, 1816, 1824, and 1828; was elected a Representative in Congress from Maryland in 1833. Died at Wash ington, April 14, 1834, before the expiration of his "erm in Congress. Dennison, G-eorge; was born in Luzernc, County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1823; was for many years Register and Recorder of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 137 County, and, before, as well as after, his service in Congress, was frequently returned to the Legislature. Died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1831, while in office. Dennison, William ; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 23, 1815; graduated at Miami Uni versity in 1835; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; settled in Columbus, where he practiced his profession until 1848; during that year was elected to the Legislature; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; about that time was made President of the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and also President of the Colum bus and Xenia Eailroad Company; in 1856 was a Delegate to the Pittsburg Convention which in augurated the Republican party, and took an active part in its proceedings; was also a Delegate to the "Philadelphia Convention" of the same year; in 1860 and 1861 was Governor of Ohio, and did much toward organizing the Volunteer Army for subduing the Rebellion ; was Chairman of the Ohio Conven tion," held in 1862; a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, over which he presided as President; in October, 1864, became a member of President Lincoln s Cabinet as Postmaster-General, which position he resigned; in 1874 was appointed one of the Commissioners for the Government of the District of Columbia. Died June 15, 1882. Denny, Arthur A.; was born in Indiana in 1822; went with his parents to Knox County, Illi nois, when fourteen years of age ; was for eight years Surveyor of Knox County; in 1851 removed to the Pacific coast, and settled at Puget s Sound, in what is now called Washington Territory; was a member of the Territorial Legislature from 1853 to. 1861; was four years Register of the Land Office at Olympia; was elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-ninth Congress. Denny, Harmar ; was born in Pittsburg, Penn sylvania, in 1794; graduated at Dickinson College; was a member of the Legislature of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1837; was a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of Pennsylvania. Died in Pitts burg, January 29, 1852. Denoyelles, Peter; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Dent, George ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1793 to 1801; was, in the latter year, appointed United States Marshal for the Poto mac District; during the third session of the Fifth Congress was elected Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives. Dent, William B. W.; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1853 to 1855. Denver, James "W.; was born in Winchester, Virginia, in 1818; when quite young emigrated to Ohio with his parents; received a good education; in 1841 went to Missouri, where he taught school and studied law; served in the Mexican War as a Cap tain, under appointment from President Polk; in 1850 went to California, where he was appointed a member of the Relief Committee to protect emi grants, and afterwards Secretary of State of Califor nia; was a Representative from California in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, which office he resigned to accept the appointment of Gov ernor of the Territory of Kansas, which position he resigned in November, 1858, and was re-appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs; resigned, March, 1859; was a Delegate to the Cleveland "Soldiers Convention" of 1866; settled in Washington City as an Attorney-at-Law. Derbigny, Peter ; was one of three Commis sioners to revise the laws of Louisiana in 1820; was Governor of that State from 1828 until his death, which occurred October 6, 1829. Desaussure, Henry W.; was born in 1764; was a lawyer by profession ; was engaged in the defense of Charleston during the Revolutionary War, and after the organization of the United States Govern ment was appointed, by President Washington, Di rector of the Mint; filled this office a short time, and returned to Charleston to resume the practice of law, and rose to eminence; was Chancellor of South Caro lina from 1808 to 1837; published four volumes of Equity Reports, which contain the early decisions of the Equity Court of South Carolina; delivered an oration before the South Carolina Historical Society, July 4, 1798. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, March 29, 1839. Desaussure, "William F.; was born in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1792; graduated at Harvard University in 1810; adopted the profession of the law; was a Senator in Congress from his native State from 1852 to 1853. Desna, Joseph ; was born in Pennsylvania, De cember 9, 1768; emigrated to Kentucky in 1781; in 1794 served as a volunteer in the expedition against the Indians, under General Wayne; served for a time in the State Legislature; fought at the battle of the Thames as a Major-Goueral; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1807 to 1819; was Gov ernor of Kentucky for four years from 1824. Died at Georgetown, Kentucky, October 13, 1842. Desha, Robert ; was a prominent merchant of Mobile; was a Representative in Congress from Ten nessee from 1827 to 1831; was the brother of Joseph Desha. Died February 8, 1849. Destrihan, John Noel; was a Senator in Con gress from Louisiana for a part of the year 1812. Deuster, Peter Victor ; was born near Aix-la- Chapelle, in Rhenish Prussia, Germany, February 13, 1831; received an academic education; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States in 1847, and settled at Milwaukee, Wisconsin; learned the art of printing; becunie editor and publisher of a newspa per; was a member of the State House of Represent atives in 1862; State Senator in 1870 and 1871; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the For ty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Con gresses. Dewart, Lewis ; was a native of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833. Dewart, William L.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native State ; was Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Deweese, John T.; was born in Crawford Coun ty, Arkansas, June 4, 1835; studied law and adopted that profession; entered the Volunteer Army in 1861; promoted to the rank o/ Colonel in 1863; after the war was commissioned a Lieutenant in the Regular Army, and stationed in North Carolina; after holding the office of Register in Bankruptcy for a time, was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia; was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, 138 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Revo- lutionary Pensions, and as Chairman of those on the Interior Department and Revolutionary Pensions, but left under a cloud. Dewey, Daniel ; was born in Sheffield, Massa chusetts, January 29, 1766; was a lawyer, having studied under Theodore Sedgwick, and attained a high rank in his profession; was a member of the Council of the State; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts in 1813 and 1814, when he resigned; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts in 1814. Died June 3, 1815. Dewey, Nelson ; was the first Governor of "Wis consin after it became a State, serving as such from 1848 to 1851. De "Witt, Alexander ; was born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, April 2, 1797; was a Repre sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature from 1830 to 1836 ; devoted himself to the manufacturing busi ness; was a Bank President; was a State Senator in 1842, 1844, 1850, and 1851 ; a member of the Consti tutional Convention of 1853; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1853 to 1857. De "Witt, Charles; was born in 1728; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Con gress from 1783 to 1785. Died at Kingston, New York, in September, 1787. De "Witt, Charles GK ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831; was ap- . pointed Charge (V Affaires for Central America in 1833. Died at Newburg, April 13, 1839. De Witt, David Miller ; was born in Patterson, New Jersey, November 25, 1837; graduated at Rut gers College, New Brunswick, in 1858; studied law in New York and Brooklyn, and practiced his profes- * sion ; was elected District Attorney of Ulster County in 1862, and re-elected in 1865; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. De "Witt, Jacob H.; was born in Ulster County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821; a member of the New York Assembly in 1839 and in 1847. Died at Kings ton, New York, January 30, 1857, aged seventy- three years. De Wolfe, James ; was a Senator of the United States from Rhode Island from 1821 to 1825, when he resigned. Died in the City of New York, December 21, 1837, aged seventy-four years. Dexter, Samuel ; was a native of Massachu setts, and born May 14, 1761 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1781; having studied law at Worcester with Levi Lincoln, soon rose to professional emi nence; was a member of the House of Representa tives in Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to 1795, and was elected to the United States Senate, serving from 1799 to 1800; during the administration of John Adams was appointed Secretary of War in 1800, and Secretary of the Treasury in January, 1801; for a short time, also, had the charge of the Department of State; on the accession of Mr. Jeffer son to the Presidency, held the office of Secretary of the Treasury, and not complying with an intimation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was appointed in his place; in 1H12 abandoned the party to which he had always been attached, and became a leader on the other side, and, as such, was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in opposition to Governor Brooks; a mission to Spain was offered him by President Madison, in 1815; died May 3, 1816, in Athens, New York. He was a warm advocate of temperance, and published various papers on sci ence, freemasonry, and politics. Dezendorf, John P.; was born in Lansingburg, New York, August 10, 1834; received an academic education; learned the trade of a carpenter and then studied architecture and surveying; engaged in va rious pursuits, removing to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1863, and engaging in the shipping business; was City and County Surveyor from 1866 to 1869; was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue from 1869 to 1871; was a Delegate to the Republican National Con vention of 1876 ; was defeated for Congress in 1878; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-seventh Congress. Dibble, Samuel ; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, September 16, 1837; graduated at Wofford College, South Carolina, in 1856; taught school and studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice at Orangeburg, South Carolina; served in the Confederate Army during the War of the Rebellion; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1877; Trustee of the University of South Carolina in 1878; received the certificate of election as a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy alleged to have been occasioned by the death of M. P. O Con nor, but the House of Representatives decided that O Connor had not been elected, and gave the seat to E. W. Mackey, O Connor s opponent; was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress, and re-elected to the For ty-ninth Congress. Dibrell, George GK; was born on a farm in White County, Tennessee, April 12, 1822; was edu cated at Knoxville College; in 1840 was elected Clerk of the Bank of Tennessee, at Sparta; in 1846 declined a re-election and engaged in mercantile business; in 1848 was made Clerk of the County Court; was re-elected three times successively; re signed in 1860; in 1861 was elected as Union candi date for the Convention; in August of the same year was elected to the Legislature, but volunteered in the Confederate service; in 1862 raised a regiment of cavalry, and served until 1863 in General Forrest s Brigade; was made Brigadier-General in 1864; took charge of the archives at Greensborough after the sur render; returned to his farm after the war; in 1869 was chosen a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention; was elected President of the South western Railroad; in 1874 was elected a Representa tive from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventhj and Forty -eighth Congresses. Dichman, Ernest ; was born in 1845; was edu cated at the German-American Academy, Milwau kee, Wisconsin; was appointed a Naval Cadet in 1860; graduated from the Naval Academy in 1863, and was commissioned a Midshipman; served in the South Atlantic Squadron until the close of the Civil War; rose, through the inteim-diate grades, to the rank of Lieutenant-Commander; resigned his com mission in 1871 ; having studied law was admitted to the bar and engaged in practice; was United States Minister to Columbia from 1878 to 1881, when he re signed; engaged in the business of banking in the city of New York. Dick, John ; was a citizen of Louisiana, and, in 1821, was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the District of Louisiana. Dick, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was bred a merchant; was a member of Congress from B 1 O G li A P H I C A L ANNALS. 139 that State in 1854 and 1855; was re-elected, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Dick, Robert P. ; was bom at Greensboro, North Carolina, October 5, 1823; received a classical educa tion, graduating from the University of North Caro lina in June, 1843; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846; was appointed United States Dis trict Attorney for the District of North Carolina in 1853 and remained in that office until 1861; wa elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven tions of 1861 and 1865; was a State Senator in 1864-5; was elected an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina in April, 1868, and remained in that office until June 7, 1872, when he was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of North Carolina, continuing to reside at Greensboro, his native place. Dick, Samuel; was a physician; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey in 1782 and 1784. Died in New Jersey in November, 1812. Dick, Samuel B.; was born in Meadville, Penn sylvania, October 26, 1836; was educated at Alle gheny College, Pennsylvania; engaged in the bank ing business; entered the Union Army in 1861, and rose to the rank of Colonel ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864; was Mayor of his native city in 1870; com manded a brigade of Pennsylvania State Militia in West Virginia in 1873; was elected a Eepresentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth Congress. Dickens, Asbury; was born in North Carolina in 1773; received a good education; spent his early life in Philadelphia; afterwards spent several years in Europe; was a clerk in the Treasury Department under Secretary Crawford; Chief Clerk of the State Department under Secretary Van Buren ; was Secre tary of the United States Senate from 1836 to 1861. Died in Washington, October 23, 1861. Dickens, Samuel ; was a Eepresentative in Con gress from North Carolina during the years 1816 and 1817. Dickerson, Mahlon ; was born in Morris County, New Jersey, April 17, 1770; graduated at Princeton College in 1789; studied law; in early life resided in Pennsylvania, where he was Eecorder of the city of Philadelphia, and subsequently Quartermaster-Gen eral of the State; returned to New Jersey, and was elected to the Legislature of that State; was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; was elected Governor of that State in 1815, and held the office until 1817, when, he was chosen United States Sen ator from New Jersey, and continued in that office for sixteen years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of other Commit tees; in 1834 became Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Jackson, and held that office until 1838, some two years after the accession of President Van Buren ; for two years was President of the American Institute; before entering the Navy Department, was appointed Minister to Eussia, but declined. Died in Morris County, New Jersey, Octo ber 5, 1853, having, in his later years, been exten sively engaged in the iron business. Dickerson, Philemon ; was the brother of Mah lon Dickerson, a native of New Jersey; was a Eepre sentative in Congress from the Paterson District, in that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1839 to 1841; in!836was Governor of New Jersey; wassubse- quently appointed Judge of the United States District Court for New Jersey. Died at Paterson, New Jer sey, December 10, 1862, aged about seventy years. Dickey, Henry L.; was born at South Salem Ohio, October 29, 1832; received an academic educa" tion; became a civil engineer, and engaged in railway construction until 1855; then studied law and was admitted to the bar; afterwards graduated at the Cincinnati Law School, in 1859; was a Eepresentative in the State Legislature in 1861; was a State Senator in 1867 and 1868; was elected a Eepresentative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Dickey, Jesse C.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Eepresentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Dickey, John ; was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania from 1843 to 1845, and from 1847 to 1849; at the time of his death was United States Marshal for Western Pennsylvania. Died in Beaver County, March 14, 1853. Dickey, Oliver J. ; was born in Brighton, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1823; passed through the junior year at Dickinson College; studied law in Lancaster; never held any public office, except Dis trict Attorney for Lancaster County, from 1856 to 1859; was elected to fill the vacancy in the Fortieth Congress caused by the death of Thaddeus Stevens, with whom he had studied law; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Navy De partment. Dickey, T. Lyle ; was a citizen of Illinois, from which State he was, in 1866, appointed Assistant, Attorney-General of the United States, serving about a year. Dickinson, Andrew B.; was a citizen of New York; in 1861 was appointed Minister Eesident to Nicaragua, where he remained until 1869; received two commissions, the last one making him Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary. Dickinson, Daniel S.; was born in Goshen, Litchtield County, Connecticut, September 11, 1800; removed, with his father, to Chenango County, New York, in 1806; received a common-school education; in 1821 entered upon the duties as a school teacher, and, without the aid of an instructor, mastered the Latin language, and became versed in the higher branches of mathematics and other sciences; studied law; came to the bar in 1830, and settled in Bing- hamton, where he long practiced his profession with success; in 1836 was elected to the State Senate, serv ing from 1837 to 1840; was Judge of the Court of Errors from 1836 to 1841; from 1842 to 1844 was President of that Court; was Lieutenant-Governor, and President of the Senate; was a Eegent of the University of New York in 1843; was a member of the Convention which noniinated J. K. Polk for President; a Presidential Elector in 1844; was a Senator in Congress from New York from 1844 to 1851, serving on important committees, originating and ably supporting several important measures; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Conventions of 1848 and 1852; in 1861 was elected Attorney-General of the State of New York; was a Delegate to the " Balti more Convention " of 1864; in 1865 was appointed, ay President Lincoln, United States District Attorney ibr the Southern District of New York. Died suddenly in New York City, April 12, 1866. Before accepting lis last public position he declined several appoint ments tendered to him by the President of the Jnited States and the Governor of New York; his 1 Life and Works " were published in 1867, in two volumes. 140 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Dickinson, David "W.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1833 to 1835; and again from 1843 to 1845. Died at Franklin, Tennes see, April 27, of the latter year. Dickinson, Edward; was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, January 1, 1803; his father was the founder of the college at that place; graduated at Yale College in 1823; studied law, and came to the bar in 1826; was made Treasurer of Amherst Col lege, and held the position many years; was a mem- bet of the State Legislature in 1838 and 1839; of the State Senate in 1842 and 1843; of the Governor s Council in 1846 and 1847; was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855; was again elected to the State Legislature in 1873; on the day of his death (June 16, 1874,) he delivered a speech on the rail road interests of Massachusetts. Dickinson, Edward F. ; was born in Fremont, Ohio, January 21, 1829; graduated at St. Xavier Col lege in Cincinnati; adopted the profession of the law; served three years in the Union Army as a Lieuten ant and Regimental Quartermaster; was elected Judge of Probate for Sandusky County in 1866; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining. Dickinson, John ; was born in Maryland, No vember 13, 1732; studied law in Philadelphia, and spent three years at the Temple in London ; on his return to America commenced practice in Philadel phia; in 1764 was a member of the Assembly, and in 1765 of the General Congress; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and opposed the Declaration of Independence, fearing the strength of the country insufficient to take so important a stand, but was the only member of Congress to face the enemy a few days after the publication of the Declaration ; from 1776 to 1777 was a Delegate to Congress from Delaware, and again from 1779 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation as well as the Constitution; in 1781 was President of that State; in 1782 was chosen President of Pennsylvania, and filled that office until 1785; in 1767 began to publish his* letters against taxation, and wrote the greater portion of the State papers of the First Con gress; his collected writings were published in 1801. Died February 14, 1808, aged seventy-five, at Wil mington. His writings were numerous and proved him to be a man of very superior ability. Dickinson, John D.; was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, in 1767; graduated at Yale College in 1785; was a member of Congress from New York from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1831. Died at Troy, January 28, 1841. Dickinson, Philemon; was born near Dover, Delaware, April 5, 1739; was an officer in the Amer ican Revolution, and enjoyed a great reputation for courage and zeal in the cause of liberty; commanded the Jersey Militia at the battle of Monmouth; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1783; after the organization of the Na tional Government in its present form, was ap pointed a Senator in Congress from 1790 to 1793; having discharged in a satisfactory manner the duties of the several civil and military stations which he held, he enjoyed several years of retirement from public life. Died at Trenton, February 4, 1809. Dickinson, Rudolphus ; was born in Massa chusetts; having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Died in August, 1849. Dickson, David ; was a member of Congress from Mississippi in 1835 and 1836. Died at Little Rock, Arkansas, July 31, 1836. Dickson, John; graduated at Middlebury Col lege in 1808; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1835. Died at West Bloom- field, New York, February 22, 1852. Dickson, Samuel ; was a Representative in Congress from New York during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died at his residence in New Scotland, New York, May 3, 1858, in consequence of spinal in juries received while in the faithful discharge of his public duties at Washington. He had been bred a physician, and was universally respected. Dickson, William; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1801 to 1807. Dillingham, Paul, Jr.; was born in Shutesbnry, Franklin County, Massachusetts, August, 1800; re moved to Waterbury, Vermont, with his father, in 1805; received a good education; adopted the profes sion of the law, and was admitted to practice in Washington County in 1824; was Town Clerk of Waterbury from 1829 to 1844, and Justice of the Peace eighteen years; was State s Attorney for Wash ington County from 1835 to 1838; was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1836 and 1837; was a Representative to the General Assembly six years; State Senator in 1841 and 1842; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847, and was a member of the Committee on the Judiciary; was elected Governor of Vermont for the year 1866. Dillo~i, JohnF.; was born in Washington County, New York, December 25, 1831; went to Iowa with his parents when eight years of age; studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; in that year was elected Prosecuting Attorney; in 1858, Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Iowa; re-elected in 1862 for a second term, but before its expiration was elected to the Supreme Bench for six years; did not qualify, however, because in 1869 was commissioned United States Circuit Judge for the Eighth Judicial Circuit; was the author of a work on "Municipal Corpora tions," published in 1873, in two volumes, and also of two volumes of "United States Circuit Court Reports." Diman, Byron ; was Governor of Rhode Island for one year, beginning in 1846. Dimitry, Alexander; was a native of Louis iana, and a man of uncommon culture; was at one time a translator in the Department of State; in 1859 was appointed Minister Resident to Costa Rica and Nicaragua, where he remained until 1861. Dimmick, Milo M.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Died at Mauch Chunk, Novem ber 21, 1872. Dimmick, William H.; was born in Mil ford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1815; re ceived an academic education, and adopted the pro fession of the law; was Prosecuting Attorney for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for Wayne County in 1836 and 1837; was a member of the State Senate in 1845, 1846, and 1847; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania in the Thirty-fifth Congress, offi ciating as Chairman of the Joint Committee on the Library; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Printing. Died at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1861. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 141 Dimock, Davis, Jr.; was a Representative in . Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1842. Died January 13, 1842. Dimond, Francis M.; was Governor of Rhode Island for one year, beginning in 1853. Ding-ley, Nelson, Jr. ; was born in Durham, Maine, February 15, 1832; prosecuted his studies at Waterville College, but graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1855; studied law and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced the profession; in 1856 be came the proprietor and editor of the Lewiston Jour nal; between the years 1862 and 1873 was six times elected to the State Legislature, serving as Speaker in 1863 and 1864; in 1873 and also in 1874 was elected Governor of Maine; was a Delegate to the Republi can National Convention of 1876; was elected a Rep resentative from Maine to the Forty-seventh Con gress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William P. Frye; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty -ninth Congresses. Dinsmoor, Samuel ; was born at Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 1766; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1789; was for many years a Major-General of Militia; a Presidential Elector in 1821; a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813; a Judge of Probate; served as Governor of his native State during the years 1831, 1832, and 1833. Died at Keene, March io, 1835. Dinsmoor, Samuel ; was born in Keene, New Hampshire, May 8, 1799; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814; studied law and came to the bar in 1818; in 1819 visited Arkansas Territory, where he remained a few years; from 1826 to 1831 was Clerk of the New Hampshire Senate; was Governor of that State from 1849 to 1853. Died at Keeue, February 24, 1869. Disney, David T.; was a native of Baltimore, Maryland; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1820; was frequently a member of the State Legislature of Ohio, and three times elected Speaker; represented his adopted State in Congress from 1849 to 1855. Died in Washington, March 14, 1857, aged fifty-four years. Diven, Alexander S.; was born at the head of Seneca Lake, town of Catharine, and county of Tioga, New York, February 15, 1809; received an academic education; studied law and adopted that profession ; was a Senator in the New York Legisla ture in 1858; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Dix, John A.; was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, July 24, 1798; commenced his education by attending the academies at Salisbury and Exeter; spent one year in a French College at Montreal; in 1812 was appointed a cadet in the army, but, instead of going to West Point, preferred to join the army on the frontier as an Ensign; in 1813 was Acting- Adju tant of an independent battalion; in 1819 was Aid- de-camp to Major-General Brown, but devoted his leisure to the study of law; from that time until 1828 visited Cuba and traveled in Europe for his health ; then settled at Cooperstown as a lawyer; in 1831 was Adjutant-General under Governor Throop; in 1833 was appointed Secretary of State of New York, and was a Regent of the State University; in 1841 was elected to the Assembly from Albany; after making another visit abroad, was elected to the United States Senate, where he served from 1845 to 1849; in 1820 received from Brown University the Degree of Master of Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva College, the De gree of Doctor of Laws; in 1852 published a book entitled "A Winter in Madeira; " in 1860 was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Postmaster of New York; in January, 1861, was appointed, by Mr. Buchanan, Secretary of the Treasury; served in 1861 and 1862 as a Major-General of Volunteers, and was appointed to the same p >sition in the regular army; on the organization of the Pacific Railroad Company was elected its President; in 1866 was a Delegate to the National Union Convention held in Philadel phia; was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister to the Netherlands, but declined ; a few weeks later was appointed Naval Officer for the port of New York, from which position he was soon transferred to France as Minister Plenipotentiary; was Governor of New York from 1873 to 1875. Dixon, Archibald ; was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, April 2, 1802; removed, with his father, to Henderson County, Kentucky, in 1805; re ceived a limited English education at the county schools, but made good use of his advantages; at the age of twenty studied law; entered upon the practice and acquired considerable reputation as a lawyer; in 1830 was a Representative in the Legislature, and in 1836 in the State Senate; was again in the Lower House in 1841 ; in 1843 was elected Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Kentucky; in 1849 was a member of the Constitutional Convention for reforming State laws; was a member of the United States Senate from 1852 to 1855, having been elected to fill the vacancy occa sioned by the resignation of his friend, Henry Clay; served as a leading member of the Committee on Ter ritories. Dixon, James ; was born in Enfield, Connecticut, Augusts, 1814; graduated at Williams College, Mas sachusetts, in 1834; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the House in the Legislature of Connecticut in 1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the State Senate in 1849 and 1854; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1845 to 1849; was elected a Senator in Congress for six years from 1857; was re-elected in 1863 for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committee on Manufactures and vari ous other Committees, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; was a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Convention" of 1866. Died at Hartford, March 27, 1873. Dixon, Joseph; was born in Greene County, North Carolina; was educated at the private and public schools of that county; resided on a farm; for three or four years engaged in mercantile pursuits; was a magistrate, and Judge of the County Court; was a member of the State Legislature in 1868 and 1869; was elected to the Forty -first Congress, serving on several Committees. Dixon, Joseph Henry; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1801. Dixon, Luther C.; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Wisconsin; was appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wis consin. Dixon, Nathan F.; was born in Plainfield, Con necticut, in 1774; graduated at Brown University in 1799; studied law, and established himself in Rhode Island in 1802 to practice his profession; in 1813 was elected a member of the General Assembly of that 142 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. State, and continued to serve in that capacity for seventeen years; from 1839 to 1842 was a Senator of the United States. Died at Washington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1842. His son, bearing the same name, was also in Congress. Dixon, Nathan F.; was. born in Westerly, Ehode Island, May 1, 1812; fitted for college at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and graduated at Brown University in 1833; attended the Law Schools at New Haven and Cambridge; was admit ted to the bar in New London in 1837, and engaged in the practice of his profession in Connecticut and Ehode Island; was a member of the General As sembly of Rhode Island from 1840. to 1849; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was elected a Repre sentative from Rhode Island to the Thirty-first Con gress; was again elected to the General Assembly of his State in 1851, and with the exception of two /^ears, held the office until 1859; in 1863 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in the Thirty -ninth Con gress served on the Committees on Commerce and Expenditures on the Public Buildings ; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; re- elected to the Forty -first Congress, and made Chair man of the Committees on Commerce and Private Land Claims. Dixon, Nathan Fellows ; was born at Wester ly, Rhode Island, August 28, 1847; was fitted for college at Westerly and at Phillips Academy, And- over, Massachusetts; graduated from Brown Univer sity in 1869; studied law with his father, Hon. Nathan F. Dixon, and at the Albany Law School; was admitted to practice in New York, Rhode Island and Connecticut in 1871; in 1877 was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Attorney for the District of Rhode Island; was re-appointed in 1881 ; in 1885 was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Forty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the transfer of Hon. Jonathan Chace to the United States Senate. Doane, William ; was born in Maine; having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843. Dobbin, James O.; was born in 1814; gradu ated at the University of North Carolina in 1832; was a lawyer by profession; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from his native State in 1845, and declined a re-election ; served in the State Legis lature in 1848 and 1850, and during the last session officiated as Speaker; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector. His eloquence at the bar and in the legis lative hall is said to have been very effective, and his urbane manners and amiable disposition made him a general favorite. He was Secretary of the Navy dur ing the whole of President Pierce s administration. Died at Fayetteville, North Carolina, August 4, 1857. Dobbins, Samuel A.; was born in Burlington County, New Jersey, April 14, 1814; was educated in select schools; engaged in farming; was High Sheriff of Burlington County from 1854 to 1857; was a mem ber of the State Legislature from 1859 to 1862; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Dobbs, Arthur; was born in Ireland in 1634; was a man of letters; was a member of the Irish Parliament; was distinguished for his attempts to discover the North-west passage; adopted concilia tory measures towards the Indian tribes, but his ad ministration was a continual contest between the loyalists and the colonists. He was the author of An Account of the Countries Adjoining Hudson s Bay," published in London in 1748; "Trade and Improve ment of Ireland," Dublin, 1729; "Captain Middle- ton s Defence, " 1744; emigrated to North Carolina; was chosen Governor, November 1, 1754, serving until his death. Died in Town Creek, North Carolina, March 28, 1765. Dockery, Alexander M.; was born in Living ston County, Missouri, February 11, 1845; was edu cated in the common schools and at the Macon Acad emy, Macon, Missouri; studied medicine, and gradu ated at St. Louis Medical College, St. Louis, Missouri; practiced his profession for ten years ; in 1874 became Cashier of the Farmers Exchange Bank, at Gallatin, Missouri; was a Curator of the University of Missouri ten years ; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Dockery, Alfred ; was a native of North Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; was the i ather of O. H. Dockery. Dockery, Oliver H.; was born in Richmond County, North Carolina, August 12, 1830; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1848 ; studied law, but became a farmer; was elected to the State Legislature in 1858 and 1859; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1868 was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; re- elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on Freed men s Affairs. Dodd, Edward ; was born in Salem, Washington County, New York, in 1805; was bred a merchant; chosen County Clerk of the County of Washington for three terms of three years each, commencing Jan uary 1, 1835; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New York in 1846; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State in 1 855, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Doddridge, Philip ; was born in Brooks County, Virginia, in 1772; in his youth worked on a farm on the Ohio River, but was sent to school at the age of sixteen; after a voyage down the Mississippi on a flat-boat, studied law, and gained a brilliant local reputation; was Delegate from Brooke County to the Legislature of Virginia in 1815, and was a member for some years; in the Constitutional Convention of 1829 and 1830 was the acknowledged leader of^ the party in favor of the white basis of representation : his success in parliamentary conflict was due to his close reasoning, thorough knowledge of the subject, great energy of manner, and a wonderful command of language; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1829 to 1832: resided in Washington, and was, engaged in codifying the laws of the Dis trict of Columbia. Died in Washington, November 19, 1832. Dodds, Ozro J.; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 22, 1840; received a collegiate education in Cincinnati; raised a company of students at Oxford, called the "University Rifles," which was attached to the Twentieth Ohio Volunteers, and served through the three months service under General McClellun; returning home, raised another company, attached BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 143 to the Eighty-first Ohio Volunteers, and served until 1863, when he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Alabama Cavalry; after the war, studied law and was admitted to practice ; was elected to the Legislature of Ohio in 1869; was elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service. Dodge, Augustus C.; -was born in St. Gene- vieve, Missouri, January 2, 1812; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1841 to 1847; a Presidential Elector for the State of Iowa in 1848; a Senator in Congress from the State of Iowa from 1848 to 1855; after which he received, from President Pierce, the appointment of Minister to Spain, which he resigned; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864, and also to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866, as well as the New York Convention of 1868; from 1838 to 1841 held the office of Register of the Land Office at Burlington, Iowa. Dodge, G-renville M.; was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, April 12, 1831; graduated at the Norwich University of Vermont in 1850; adopted the profession of civil engineer; was employed on several important railroads in the West, and became chief engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad; in 1861 entered the military service as Captain ; raised the Fourth Regiment of Iowa Infantry, and was made Colonel; in 1862 was appointed Brigadier General for services at Pea Ridge; after various services in Mid dle Tennessee, at Vicksburg, and Corinth, took an active part in the Atlantic campaign, and was pro moted to be a Major General on the recommendations of Generals Grant, Sherman, and McPherson; was subsequently in command of the Departments of Wisconsin, Kansas, and the Plains; soon after, re signing his commission in the army, was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Roads and Canals ; was also Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868. Dodge, Henry ; was born in Vincennes, Indiana, October 12, 1782; removed to Wisconsin; served with great credit as an officer of volunteers, on the north western frontiers; was Brigadier-General of Missouri troops in 1812; distinguished himself especially in the Black Hawk War, and as an Indian fighter was thought to have no superior; when the First Regi ment of Dragoons was raised in 1833, was appointed Colonel, which office he resigned in 1836, when he was appointed Governor of Wisconsin Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, serving as such from 1836 to 1841, and from 1845 to 1848; was a Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin from 1841 to 1845; a Senator in Congress from the State of Wis consin from 1848 to 1857. Died at Burlington, Iowa, June 19, 1867. He was the father of Augustus C. Dodge. Dodge, William E.; was born in Hartford, Con necticut, September 4, 1805; received a good common school education; in his thirteenth year removed to New York and entered a counting house as clerk; on reaching the age of twenty-one commenced business on his own account, and was for many years at the head of one of the most extensive importing and manufacturing establishments in the country; was prominently connected with many of the public im provements of the day; was a member of the Peace Convention of 1861 ; devoted much time and money to the support of the Government during the Rebel lion; was, for many years, President of the National Temperance Society; active in the various religious and benevolent operations of New York; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having successfully contested the seat of James Brooks, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866. Died, February 9, 1883. Doe, Nicholas B.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Twen ty-sixth Congress, in place of A. Brown, deceased. Doig, Andrew "W.; was born in Washington County, New York; served one year (1832) in the State Assembly; was many years a teacher and sur veyor; County Clerk for one year; held the office of Surrogate from 1835 to 1840; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843; went to California in 1849, but subsequently returned to his native county. Dole, William P.; was born in New Hampshire; in 1861 was appointed, from Illinois, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, continuing in the position until 1865. Dolph, Joseph N.; was born at Hector, Tomp- kins County, New York, October 19, 1835; was edu cated in the common schools and by private tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; in 1862 removed to Portland, Oregon, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1864 was elected City At torney; in 1865 was appointed United States District Attorney; was elected State Senator in 1866, and again in 1872; was Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee from 1866 to 1868; in 1882 was elected United States Senator from Oregon for the term ending in 1889. Donelson, Andrew Jackson; was born in Tennessee in 1799; graduated at West Point in 1820; was Aid-de-camp to General Jackson in 1820 and 1821; his Private Secretary from March, 1829, to March, 1837; Charge d Affaires to Texas in 1844 and 1845; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary to Prussia from 1846 to 1848; to Germany in 1848 and 1849; was editor of the Washington Union in 1851 and 1852; candidate of the American party for Vice-President in 1 852 ; cotton planter in Bolivar County, Mississippi, from 1822 to 1865; lawyer in Memphis from 1865 to 1871. Died in Memphis, Tennessee, June 26, 1871. Donley, Joseph B.; was born in Mount Morris, Greene County, Pennsylvania, October 10, 1838; graduated at Waynesburg College in 1859; went to Illinois and engaged in teaching; became Professor in Abingdon College; served in the Illinois Army as Captain of Volunteers from 1862 to 1865; graduated at the Law School of Albany in 1866, and returned to Pennsylvania; in 1867 was appointed a Register in Bankruptcy in Pennsylvania, holding the office until elected a Representative from that State to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Public Expenditures. Donnan, William Of.; was born in West Charl- ton, New York, June 30, 1834; his early education was received at the district school and Cambridge Academy; graduated at Union College in 1856; re moved to Independence, Iowa, where he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857; was elected Treas urer and Recorder of Buchanan County, and held the office until 1862; entered the Union Army as a private in 1862, and rose to the rank of Brevet Major for efficient services in the field, serving to the close of the Rebellion; was a member of the State Senate in 1868 and 1870; was elected to the Forty-second Con gress, and re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. 141 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Donnell, Richard S.; was born in North Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1847 to 1849; in 18G3 published a " Let ter on the Rebellion," which attracted great atten tion. Donnelly, Ignatius ; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1831; graduated at the Central High School in that city; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; emigrated to Min nesota in 1857; was elected Lieutenant-Go vernor of ttfat State in 1859; was re-elected in 1861 ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, and served on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Expenditures in the Interior Department, and also on the Special Committee on the Pacific Railroad; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Pacific Railroad, the Public Lauds, and Bureau of Education ; was also re-elected to the For tieth Congress. Doolittle, James R.; was born in Hampton, Washington County, New York, January 3, 1815; graduated at Geneva College in 1834; adopted the pro fession of the law, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New York in 1837; was, for several years, District Attorney in Wyoming County, New York ; removed to Wisconsin in 1 851 ; was cho sen Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of that State in 1853; resigned in 1856; in 1857 was elected a Sen ator of the United States for six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as a member of the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Commerce, and Military Affairs; was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; in 1863 was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869; during the summer recess of 1865, as a member of a Special Com mittee of the Senate, visited the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River; was a Delegate to the Phil adelphia " National Union Convention " of 1806, tak ing an active part in its proceedings, and officiating as President of the Convention. Dorr, Thomas "William; was born at Provi dence, Rhode Island, November 5, 1805; graduated at Harvard University in 1823; studied law in the office of Chancellor Kent; was admitted to the bar in 1827, and commenced practice in Providence; originally a National Republican, became a Democrat in 1837; the Rhode Island Government was then based upon a charter granted by Charles II. in 1663, and the elec tive franchise was limited to the holders of a certain amount of real estate, and to their eldest sons about one-third of the citizens; Mr. Dorr was a mem ber of the Assembly from 1833 to 1837, and exerted himself in vain to procure a liberal Constitution; was chosen Governor, by the suffrage party, in 1841; on May 3, 1842, Mr. Dorr s Government attempted to organize at Providence, and to seize the reins of power; they were resisted by the legal State Govern ment, who attacked and dispersed them at Chepachet, May 25 ; Mr. Dorr fled to Connecticut, and afterward to New Hampshire; a reward of four thousand dollars was offered, by the authorities of Rhode Island, for his apprehension; he soon returned, was arrested, tried, convicted of high treason, and sentenced to im prisonment for life, but was pardoned in 1847; in 1853 the Legislature restored to him his civil rights. and ordered the record of his sentence to be expunged ; he lived to see his State under a liberal Constitution, and his party in legal possession of the Government. Died in Providence, Rhode Island, December 27, 1854. Dorsey, Olement ; was born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1825 to 1831. Died August 6, 1846. Dorsey, George "W. E.; was born in Lou don County, Virginia, January 25, 1842; removed, with his parents, to Preston County (now West Virginia), in 1856; was educated in private schools and at Oak Hill Academy; recruited a company and entered the Union Army in August, 1861, as First Lieutenant, Sixth West Virginia Infantry; was promoted to the rank of Captain, and of Major, and was mustered out with the Army of the Shenandoah in August, 1865; removed to Nebraska in 186(>: studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1869; in 1874 eugaged in banking at Fremont, Nebraska, and continued in that business, achieving very gratifying success; was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Insane Hospital, a member, and Vice- President, of the State Board of Agriculture of Nebraska; was, also, Chair man of the Republican State Central Committee of Nebraska; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty-ninth Congress. Dorsey, Stephen "W.; was born at Benson, Ver mont, February 28, 1842; received an academic edu cation; removed, when a boy, to Oberlin, Ohio, was one of the first to volunteer in the army, in which he served until the close of the war; returning to Ohio, resumed business in the Sandusky Tool Company, and was chosen its President; was elected, without his knowledge, President of the Arkansas Central Railway Company; removing to Arkansas, was cho sen Chairman of the Republican County and State Committees; was elected United States Senator from Arkansas for the term commencing in 1873 and end ing in 1879, serving on the Committees on Appropri ations and District of Columbia. Dorsheimer, "William ; was born at Lyons, Wayne County, New York, February 5, 1832; was fitted for college at Phillips s Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and entered Harvard College in 1849; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1854. and engaged in practice; resided in Buffalo, New York, for a number of years; was appointed Major in the United States Army in 1861; in 1867 was appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York; in 1874 was elected Lieutenant-Goveruor of the State; was re-elected in 1876; removed to New York City in 1877, and continued the practice of his profession; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. Doty, James D. ; was born in New York ; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Wisconsin from 1839 to 1841; from 1841 to 1844 was Governor of Wisconsin; was, for many years, United States Judge for Northern Michigan; was also Superintend ent of Indian Affairs; was a Representative in Con gress from the State of Wisconsin from 1849 to 1853; in 1864 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Gov ernor of Utah, of which Territory he had previously been Treasurer. Died June, 1865. at Salt Lake. Doubleday, Ulysses F.; was born in Otsego County, New York, in 1794; began active life as a journeyman printer in 1809; followed that business in Albany, Utica, and at Ballston Spa, where he es tablished a newspaper; for twenty years edited a journal in the city of Auburn; was elected a Repre sentative to Congress in 1831, and was again elected in 1835; subsequently resided in the city of New York, and became well known as a bookseller. Died in Belvidere, Illinois, March 11, 1866. Dougherty, Charles; was born at Athens, Georgia, October 15. 1850; his early education was INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUILDING. (PATENT OFFICE.) .. j WASHINGTON. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT BUILDING, WASHINGTON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 145 acquired in the public schools of Athens; at the age of fifteen entered the University of Virginia, where he pursued his studies for two years; was for a time engaged in the occupation of a sailor; settled at Fort Orange, Florida, as a planter; in 1876 was elected ? Representative in the Florida Legislature; was re- elected in 1878 and was elected Speaker of the House: was again re-elected in 1880 and 1882, and in the lat ter year was again elected Speaker; resigned in 1884 on being elected a Representative from Florida to the Forty-ninth Congress Dougherty, Thomas ; was born in Kentucky; in 1815 was elected Clerk of the National House of Representatives, continuing in that office until 1822. Douglas, Beverly B.; was born at Providence Forge, Kent County, Virginia, December 21, 1822; his lather died when he was four years of age, and he was sent to Rumford Academy at the age of eleven; then spent one term in William and Mary College, and in 1840 visited a relative in Scotland with the view of obtaining a medical education at Edinburgh University; spent one session attending lectures on chemistry, agriculture, and civil law; returned to Virginia; graduated at the Law School of William and Mary College; was admitted to the bar in 1846, and settled in King William County; in 1850 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was elected a member of the State Senate under the amended Constitution, and was a member of that body until 1865; w r as a candidate for Congress in that year, but was not elected; in 1861 entered the Con federate service as First Lieutenant in Lee s Mounted Rangers, of which he was made Captain; then Major of the Filth Virginia Cavalry, Army of Northern Vir ginia; resigned in 1863 to resume his Legislative duties; upon the surrender of the Confederate Armies he returned to private life, and had held no public office since that time until elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as Representative from Virginia; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died December 22, 1878. Doug-las, Stephen A.; was born at Brandon, Rutland County, Vermont, .\pril 23, 1813; lost his lather while an infant; his nether being left in des titute circumstances, he er. tered a cabinet shop at Middlebury, in his native > tate, for the purpose of learning the trade; afte.- remaining there several months, returned to Bra ition, where he continued for a year at the same calMng, but his health com pelled him to abandon it, and he became a student in the academy; his mother having married a second time, he followed her to Canandaigua, in the State of New York; here he pursu d the study of law until his removal to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831 ; from Cleve land went still further West, and finally settled in Jacksonville, Illinois; was at first employed as clerk to an auctioneer, and afterwards taught school, de voting all the time he could spare to the study of law; in 1834 was admitted to the bar; soon obtained a lucrative practice; was elected Attorney-General of the State; in 1837 was appointed, by President Van Buren, Register of the Land Office at Springfield, Illinois; in 1840 was elected Secretary of State, and the following year Judge of the Supreme Court; this office he resigned, in consequence of ill-health, after sitting upon the bench for two years; in 1843 was elected to Congress, and continued a member of the Lower House for four years; in December, 1847, was elected to the United States Senate for the term end ing in 1853; was re-elected for the term ending in 1859; re-elected for another term, but died in Chicago, June 3, 1861; was Chairman of the Committee on Territories; in 1860 w\is candidate for President, but was defeated by Abraham Lincoln, 10 Doug-lass, J. W.; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1827; removed to Erie, in that State, received an academic education; studied law and came to the bar in 1850; was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue in- 1862; Deputy Com missioner of Internal Revenue in 1869; in 1871 was appointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue, holding the position until 1875. Douglass, Samuel J.; was an emigrant to Flor ida while yet a Territory; in 1842 was appointed one of the Judges of the United States for that dis trict. Dowd, Clement ; was born in Moore County, North Carolina, August 27, 1832; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1856; taught school and studied law; removed to Charlotte, North Caro lina, and practiced law; was Mayor of Charlotte from 1869 to 1871; was elected President of the Commercial National Bank of that city in 1871, and continued in that position; was elected a Representa tive from North Carolina to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Dowdell, James F.; was born in Jasper County, Georgia, November 26, 1818; graduated at Randolph Macon College in 1840; was a lawyer by profession; removed to Alabama in 1846, and took charge of a female college for one year, and afterwards engaged in farming and planting; in 1848 was a Presidential Elector; was a Representative from Alabama in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con gresses, and was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and also that of Inquiry into the Cost of Public Printing and Laws relating thereto. Dowdney, Abraham ; was born in Ireland, in October, 1840; came to the United States in early boyhood and settled in New York City, where he continued to reside; was educated in private schools; became a contractor and builder; served in the Union Army during the Civil War, as Captain in the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, New York Volunteers; was Chairman of the Board of School Trustees of the Nineteenth Ward of New York City from 1882 to 1885; in 1885 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Died in the city of New York, December 10, 1886. Downey, John G.; was Governor of California from 1860 to 1862. Downey, S. W.; was born at Westernport, Maryland, July 25, 1839; received an academic edu cation; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1863; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; removed to the Territory of Wyoming in 1869; was elected a member of the Territorial Council in 1871, 1875, and 1877; w T as Treasurer of the Territory for three years, and was Auditor of the Territory at the time of his election as a Delegate from the Territory of Wyoming to the Forty -sixth Congress. Downing 1 , Charles ; was born in Virginia; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Florida from 1837 to 1841. Died October 24, 1841. Downs, Solomon W.; was born in Tennessee in 1801; graduated at the Transylvania University; studied law and came to the bar in 1825; settled in Louisiana; was United States District Attornev from 1845 to 1847; a Presidential Elector in 1844; Collector of the Port of New Orleans; from 1847 to 1853 was a Senator in Congress from Louisiana. Died at Or chard Springs, Kentucky, August 14, 1854. 146 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Dowse, Edward ; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821; resigned and \V. Eustis was elected in his place. Dowse, William ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirteenth Congress, but died before taking his seat, February 18, 1813. Dox, Peter M.; was born in Geneva, Ontario County, New York, September 11, 1813; educated at Hobart College, Geneva, graduating in 1833; studied ahd practiced law ; was elected to the Legislature in 1841; was Judge of the Ontario County Courts; re moved to Alabama in 1855, and engaged in agricul tural pursuits ; in 1865 was elected, as a Union man, to represent Madison County in the Convention called for the revision of the State Constitution; took an active part in the restoration of the State to its place in the Union; was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Banking and Currency. Doxey Charles T.; was a resident of Anderson, Indiana; never held a public office until elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Godlove S. Orth; served from January 9, 1883, to March 4, 1883. Drake, Charles D.; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 11, 1811; was the son of Dr. Daniel Drake; received an academic education; in 1827 en tered the navy as a midshipman, and remained, in the service until 1830; then studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1833; in 1834 removed to St. Louis, where he practiced his profession ; in 1859 was elected to the Missouri Legislature; in 1861 and 1862 took an active and conspicuous part against the secession movement; in 1863 was elected to the Missouri State Convention; was a Presidential Elector in 1864; in 1865 was a member and Vice-President of the Con vention that formed the present Constitution of Mis souri; in January, 1867, was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Pacific Railroad, Contingent Expenses, and Ordnance; in 1871 was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Claims; was the author of a " Treatise on the Law of Suits by Attachment in the United States," and of a Life of Daniel Drake. Drake, John R.; was one of the earliest settlers in Tioga County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819; was elected Judge of Tioga County in 1833 ; was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1834; he was in ill health for eight years before his death, which oc curred at Oswego, March 21, 1857, in the seventy- fourth year of his age. Drake, Thomas J.; was born in New York; re moved to Michigan, from which State he was ap pointed Associate Judge of the United States Court lor the Territory of Utah, residing in Salt Lake City. Draper, Joseph ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1830 to 1833. Drayton, John; was Governor of South Caro lina from 1800 to 1802, and from 1808 to 1810; was District Judge of the United States for some years previous to his death, which occurred at Charleston, . November 27, 1822. He published in 1802 "A View of South Carolina," "Memoirs of the Revolution in South Carolina," 2 vols. 8vo., 1821, and "Letters Written During a Tour Through the Northern and Eastern States," 8vo., 1794. Drayton, "William ; was born in St. Augustine, Florida, December 30, 1776; went to school in Eng land, and on returning to South Carolina was for a time Assistant Clerk in a Court of Sessions; studied law and came to the bar in 1797; was a Captain in the South Carolina Militia; in 1812 was commis sioned a Colonel in the United States Army, and In spector-General in 1814; assisted Generals Scott and Macornb in preparing a System of Infantry Tactics for the army ; was elected Recorder of Charleston in 1819; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1825 to 1833; was chosen President of the United States Bank in 1840. Died in Philadel phia, May 24, 1846. Drayton, William; was a citizen of South Caro lina; father of the General bearing the same name; in 1789 was appointed the first United States Judge for the District of South Carolina. Drayton, William Henry ; was born in South Carolina; was educated at Westminister and Oxford, England; in 1771 was appointed a Judge; was Presi dent of the Provincial Congress; was made Chief Justice in 1776; was a warm advocate of freedom, and published various pamphlets which strengthened the American cause; was a leading member of the South Carolina Assembly; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation ; was the author of a " History of the Revolution," which was published in three volumes, by his son, in 1821. Drew, George F.; was Governor of Florida from 1877 to 1881. Drew, Thomas S.; was Governor of Arkansas from 1844 to 1848. Driggs, John F.; was born in Kinderhook, New York, March 3, 1813; was apprenticed to a mechanic in New York City; was a master-mechanic until 1856; in 1844 was appointed Superintendent of the New York Penitentiary, holding the office one year; set tled in East Saginaw, Michigan, in 1856; was Presi dent of that village in 1858; during the two succeed ing years was a member of the Michigan Legislature; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Public Lauds; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, Mines and Mining, and Public Lands; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the For tieth Congress. Dromgoole, George C.; was born in Virginia; was educated a lawyer; entered public life when young; served for years in the two Houses of the State Legislature, and was President of the Senate; was a member of the second Constitutional Conven tion of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1835 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1847. Died April 27, 1847. Drum, Augustus; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Drummond, Thomas ; was born in Bristol, Maine, October 16, 1809; was educated at Bowdoiu College, Maine; graduated in 1830; studied law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the bar in March, 1833; removed to Galena, Illinois, in 1835; was elected to the House of Representatives of Illi nois in 1840; was appointed Judge of the District Court of the United States f<jr Illinois, by President Taylor, in February, 1850; removed to Chicago in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 147 1854; "became Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois, by the division of the State into two Districts in 1855; was appointed Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the United States (consisting of the States of Illi nois, Indiana, and Wisconsin), by President Grant, in 1869. Drummond, William. W.; was a resident of Illinois; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Drummond, Willis ; was appointed, from Iowa, Commissioner of the General Land Office in Wash ington in 1871, holding the position until June, 1874. Dryer, Thomas J. ; was a citizen of Oregon ; in 1861 was appointed a Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands, where he remained until 1863. Duane, James; was born in New York City, February 6, 1733; adopted the profession of the law; became a member of the Revolutionary Committees of New York ; acquired, from his father, a large estate in Duanesburg, New York, which he began to settle in 1765; was a member of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1784, and signed the Articles of Confed eration; attended the Indian Treaty at Albany in August, 1775; was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1776 and 1777, and on the Committee which drafted it; was a member of the Committee of Safety ; in 1783 returned to New York City on its evacuation by the British; became a member of the Council; was State Senator in 1783 and 1784; first Miiyor of New York in 1784; member of the Conven tion to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788; United States District Judge from 1789 to 1794. Died at Duanesburg, New York, February 1, 1797. Duane, John William ; was born in Clonmel, Ireland, 1780; was originally a printer, afterward a paper dealer; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815; removed to Philadelphia, which city he often represented in the Legislature; became a dis tinguished lawyer; took a deep interest in schools; was a Trustee, and subsequently a Director in Girard College; assisted his father as editor of the Aurora; was Secretary of the United States Treasury in 1833; was removed by Jackson, September 23, 1833, for declining to remove the deposits from the United States Bank; was author of "The Law of Nations Investigated," "Letters on Internal Improvements," "Narrative and Correspondence Concerning the De posits;" etc. Died in Philadelphia, September 27, 1865. Duboise, Dudley M.; was born in Shelby County, Tennessee, October 28, 1834; educated at the Uni versity of Mississippi; studied law; served as a Gen eral in the Confederate Army; was elected a Repre sentative from Georgia to uie Forty -second Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Died March 2, 1883. Duckett, Allen B.; was born in Maryland; be came a citizen of the District of Columbia soon after the removal of the Seat of Government to Washing ton; in 1806 was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. Dudley, Charles Edward ; was born at "John son Hall," Staffordshire, England, May 23, 1780; in 1790, after the death of his father, came with his mother to Newport, Rhode Island, where his father had been Collector of Customs; entered into trade there, and went to the East Indies as Supercargo; subsequently removed to New York City, and in 1802 to Albany; was State Senator from 1820 to 1825; Mayor of the city from 1821 to 1828, and United States Senator from 1829 to 1833; was partial to the science of Astronomy, and in 1856 his widow con tributed seventy thousand dollars to erect and endow the Dudley Observatory at Albany, and a subsequent contribution made the amount over one hundred thousand dollars. Died in Albany, January 23, 1841. Dudley, Edward B.; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1829 to 1831; in 1836 was elected the first Governor of North Caro lina under the amended Constitution of that State; was subsequently appointed President of the Wil mington and Raleigh Railroad Company. Died at Wilmington, North Carolina, October 30, 1855. Dudley, William Wade ; was born at Weath- ersfield Boro, Windsor County, Vermont, August 27, 1842; was educated at Phillips s Academy, Vermont, and at Russell s Collegiate and Commercial Institute, New Haven; Connecticut, where he prepared to enter Yale College; in 1860 removed to Richmond, In diana, and engaged in the business of milling; en tered the Union Army in 1861, as Captain, and served with gallantry throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Wayne County, In diana, in 1866 and 1870; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1875; soon after abandoned the profession and became cas hier of the Richmond, (In diana), Savings Bank; in 1879 was appointed United States Marshal for Indiana; in 1881 was appointed Commissioner of the Pension Bureau, at Washing ton. Duell, R. Holland ; was born in Warren, Her- kimer County, New York, December 20, 1823; re ceived an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; in 1850 was elected District Attorney for Cortland County, and held the office six years; in 1856 was elected County Judge for said county; in 1858 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revo lutionary Pensions; was an Assessor of Internal Rev enue from 1869 to 1871; was elected to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of that on Public Buildings; in September, 1875, was ap pointed Commissioner of Patents. Duer, William ; was born in England, March 18, 1747; in 1765 was Aid to Lord Clive in India; in 1765 purchased land in Washington County, New York, and removed there; was appointed Colonel of Militia; Judge of the County Courts; member of the Provincial Congress, and of the Committee of Safety ; I and also a member of the Committee to draft the State Constitution in the Convention of 1777; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778; Secretary of the Treasury Board until the or ganization of the Department in 1789; a member of the State Legislature; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under Hamilton, until 1790; removed to New York City in 1793; died there, May 7, 1799. Duer, William ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, in 1777 and 1778; his son, bearing the same name, was a Representative in the Federal Congress; was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Duer, William ; was born in the city of New York, May 25, 1805; graduated at Columbia College in 1824; studied law, and in 1828 removed to Oswego, 148 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. soon after returning to New York; subsequently re moved to New Orleans, and again re turned to Oswego; served in the Legislature of New York on two occa sions; was District Attorney for Oswego County; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851. Dugro, P. Henry; was born in the city of New York, October 3, 1855; received a collegiate edu cation; studied law, and graduated from the Law School of Columbia College; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1879 ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- seventh Congress. Duffleld, George ; was appointed, by President Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the Ter ritory of Orleans. Duke, Richard T. W.; was born in Albeinarle County, Virginia, June 6, 1822; attended school and taught one year; entered the Virginia Military Insti tute as a cadet in 1842, and graduated in 1845; taught school, reading law at the same time; attended the University of Virginia, and graduated in its Law School in 1850; practiced law; was elected Attorney for the County of Albemarle in 1858, and continued in that office until 1869; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Con gress. Dumont, Ebenezer ; wasborninVevay, Switzer land County, Territory of Indiana, November 23, 1814; attended the Indiana University at Blooming- ton, but did not graduate; adopted the profession of the law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1838; from 1839 to 1845 was Treasurer of his county; served in the war with Mexico as a Lieutenant-Col onel, and was in several battles; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; in 1850 and 1853 was again elected to the Legislature; was President for nine years of the State Bank of Indiana; when the Rebellion broke out was appointed Colonel of the Seventh Indiana Volunteers, and was at the battle of Philippi, in West Virginia; was subsequently in charge of a brigade at Murfreesborough, and, after the battle at that place, was assigned to the command of the troops at Nash ville; from that place he led an expedition against John Morgan, taking nearly his whole command; in 1862, while yet in the field, was elected a Representa tive from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and on Revolutionary Pensions; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Depart ment. Dunbar "William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855. Duncan, Alexander ; was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Ohio, from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. Died in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1852. Duncan, Charles ; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wisconsin. Duncan, Daniel ; was born in the town of Ship- pensburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1800; was a merchant; in 1843 was elected to the Legislature of Ohio from Licking County; was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1849, and aiore a man of action than of words. Died in Wash ington, June 18, 1849. Duncan, Garnett ; was born in Kentucky ; graduated at Yale College in 1820; studied law and practiced the profession with marked success for many years; was on intimate terms with Henry Clay and other noted men of his State; was a Representa tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1847. to 1849. Died in Louisville, May 25, 1875. Duncan, James H.; was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, December 5, 1793 ; graduated at Har vard College in 1812; studied law and came to the Essex County bar; served four years in the State Legislature; was a State Senator from 1828 to 1831; State Councilor in 1840 and 1841; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1849 to 1853; subsequently be came a Baptist Minister; was a Trustee of the New ton Theological Seminary, and a Fellow of Brown University, which conferred . upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. Died in Haverhill, February 8 r 1869. Duncan, Joseph ; was born in Kentucky, about 1790; was self-educated; was an Ensign at the bril liant defense of Fort Stephenson, under Colonel Cro- j ghan, for which he received from Congress the testi- ! monial of a sword, February 13, 1835; settled in II- | linois; was soon elected Major-General of Militia; i was State Senator, and in the session of 1824 and 1 1825 originated the law which first established com- mon schools in the State; was a Representative in , Congress from 1827 to 1835; was Governor of Illinois : from 1834 to 1838, and was identified with the early introduction of internal improvements into that | State. Died at Jacksonville, Florida, January 15, 1844. Duncan, "William A.; was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1836; received a classical education, graduating from Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania, in 1857; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Gettysburg, Penn sylvania, in 1859, and settled at that place in the practice of law; was elected District Attorney in 1862, and again in 1868; was Chairman of the Dem ocratic County Committee for several years; was a member of the Democratic State Committee ; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress. Dundas, "William H.; was born in Virginia; was, for several years, a Clerk in the General Post Office; in 1852 was appointed Second Assistant Post master-General, remaining in the position until 1861. Dundy, Elmer S. ; was born in Trumbull Coun ty, Ohio, March 5, 1830; received a common school education ; followed the profession of teacher in the public schools for several years; read law at Clear- field, Pennsylvania; was admitted to the bar there in 1853 and to practice in the Supreme Court of Penn sylvania in 1856; practiced law at Clearfield until 1857, in which year he removed to Nebraska, where he continued the practice of his profession; was soon afterward elected a member of the Upper House of the Territorial Legislature of Nebraska, in which ca pacity he served four years; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Nebraska Territory; held the office until the Territory became a State, in 1867; in 1868, was appointed, by President Johnson, United States District Judge for the District of Nebraska, in which position he continued. Dunham, Cyrus L.; was a native of New York State; as a farmer s boy, worked during the summer months to obtain means for his education during the winter; after acquiring the rudiments, he filled the humblest position on board a fishing-craft from one of the seaports of Massachusetts to Newfoundland ; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 149 after completing his studies, removed to Salem, In diana; taught school aud studied law; was admitted to the bar; was elected to the Legislature of Indiana in 1846 and 1847; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1855; served again in the Legislature at a subsequent period . Dunham, Ransom W.; was born at Savoy, Massachusetts, March 21, 1838; received a common school education, closing in High School, Springfield, Massachusetts; removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1857, and engaged in the business of Life Insurance; in 1860 embarked in the grain and provision commis sion business, in which he continued; was Presi dent of the Chicago Board of Trade in 1882; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Dunklin, Daniel ; was Governor of Missouri from 1832 to 1836. Died in Jefferson County, Mis souri, August 25, 1844, aged fifty-four years. Dunlap, George "W.; was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, February 22, 1813; graduated at Transylvania University, Lexington: studied law and adopted that profession; was a member of the Ken tucky Legislature; also of the "Border State Con vention," held in May, 1861; was elected a Repre sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Navy Department, and also as a member of the Com mittee on Accounts; in 1864 was a Presidential Elector. Dunlap, Robert P.; was born in Maine; grad uated at Bowdoin. College in 1815; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; in 1821, 1822, and 1823 was a member of the State Legislature; in 1823 was elected a State Senator, serving nine years, and presided over that body four years; in 1833 was a member of the Executive Council of Maine; in 1834 was elected Governor of Maine, and served four years; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847; during the years 1848 and 1849 was Collector of Cus toms at Portland, and from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster of Brunswick ; was for many years President of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Brunswick, Maine, October 20, 1859, aged seventy years. Dunlap, William C.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Dunlop, James ; was born in Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia, March 28, 1793; graduated at Princeton College in 1811; studied law with Francis S. Key, with whom he was afterwards associated in the practice of their profession, and acted as District Attorney in the latter s place, when called away on public business in 1833; was Recorder of his native town down to the year 1838, when he was appointed Judge of the United States Circuit Court; was made Assistant Judge in 1845, and Chief Justice in 1856, which position he occupied until 1863, when the conrt was abolished; was devoted to his high call ing, and his judicial opinions often attracted atten tion abroad, and especially was this true in regard to the Admiralty case of the Tropic Wind, which was complimented by Lord John Russell, soon after its termination. Died on his farm, near Georgetown, May 6, 1872, leaving a spotless reputation. Dunn, Charles ; was an early emigrant to Wis consin, residing at Elk Grove, and was appointed one of the Judges of the United States for that Territory. Dunn, George G. ; was born in 1813; was a lawyer and noted for his abilities as an orator; held many high official trusts; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1847 to 1849. Died in September, 1857. Dunn, George H.; was a Representative in Con gress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839. Dunn, Poindexter ; was born in Wake County, North Carolina, November 3, 1834; removed, with his father, to Alabama in 1836; was educated in the common schools and graduated at Jackson College, Tennessee, in 1854; removed to Arkansas in 1856, and became a farmer; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1858; served in the Confederate Army; commenced the practice of law in 1867; was a Presidential Elector in 1872 and 1876; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Dunn, "William McKee ; was born in the Ter ritory of Indiana, December 12, 1814; graduated at the State College of Indiana in 1832; taught school for two years, and having entered Yale College, received from that College the degree of A.M. in 1835; adopted the profession of law; was elected to the Indiana Legislature in 1848; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention in 1850; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Roads and Canals, and also on the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Patents, after which he became Assistant Judge Advocate in the army; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866; in December, 1875, was appointed Judge Advocate General in the place of J. Holt. Dunne, Edmund Francis ; -was born at Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York, in 1835; re moved, with his parents, to Ohio in 1836; received a common school education; went to California in 1852; had charge of a select school in San Francisco ; after wards studied law; traveled in Mexico in 1858; as sisted in forming the Union party in 1861; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862; removed to Nevada in 1863; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Con vention of that State; was elected a District Judge, and for two years did not have a single jury trial; in 1869 visited Washington on business connected with California Claims; made a visit to Europe in 1871; on his return in 1874 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for Arizona. Dunnell, Mark H. ; was born in Buxton, Maine, July 2, 1823; graduated at Waterville College in 1849; for five years was the principal of Norway and Heb ron Academies; in 1854 was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1855 to the State Senate; during the years 1855, 1857, 1858, and 1859 was State Super intendent of Common Schools; in 1856 was a Dele gate to the National Convention at Philadelphia; in 1861 entered the Union Army as Colonel of Infantry; in 1862 was United States Counsel at Vera Cruz, Mexico; in January, 1865, went to Minnesota; was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1867; was State Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1867 to 1870; was elected to the Forty-second and two subsequent Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on Claims, Public Lands, Education, and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. 150 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Dunning, Paris C.; was Governor of Indiana in 1848 and 1849, % for the unexpired term of James Whitcomb. Dupre, Jacques ; was acting Governor of Louis iana in 1830. Durand, George H.; was born in Schoharie County, New York, February 21, 1838; received an academic education;, removed to Flint, Michigan, in 1858; was a lawyer by profession, and practice;! from the time he reached his majority; served as Alderman oV the city of Flint for three consecutive terms; was elected Mayor in 1873; re-elected in 1874; was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. Durell, Daniel M.; was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794; studied law, and entered upon the practice at Dover in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from New Hamp shire from 1807 to 1809; held the post of United States District Attorney from 1830 to 1834. Died in 1841, aged seventy-one years. Durell, E. H. ; was born in New Hampshire; re moved to New Orleans, Louisiana; in 1863 was ap pointed United States Judge for the District of Louisiana; was superseded in 1875; his decisions in regard to the validity of the elections in that State, in 1872, caused considerable excitement. Durfee, Job ; was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, in 1790; graduated at Brown University in 1813; adopted the profession of the law; although for a long time Chief Justice of Rhode Island, devoted much attention to poetry and belles-letters; was, for many years, a member of the State Legislature and Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Con gress from Rhode Island from 1821 to 1825. Died in Tiverton in 1847. He was the author of a work en titled "What Cheer? or, Roger Williams in Banish ment." Durfee, Nathaniel B.; was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, September 29, 1812; received a clas sical education at Newport; from 1838 to 1850 devoted himself to the pursuits of agriculture; represented the town of Warwick several years in the State Leg islature, and the town of Viverton four years; was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Durham, Milton J.; was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, May 16, 1824; graduated at Asbury Uni versity, Indiana, in 1844; studied law at the Louis ville Law School; was one of the Circuit Judges of Kentucky in 1861 and 1862, and with the exception of that time, was engaged in the practice of law at Danville; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and the Department of Justice; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Revision of Laws; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; in March, 1885, was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury. Durkee, Charles; was born at Royal ton, Ver mont, December 5, 1807; was a merchant; removed to Wisconsin; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1837 and 1838; was a Representative in Congress in 1848 and 1850 from Wisconsin; was a United States Senator for six years, commencing March, 1855, serving as a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Private Land Claims; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Governor of Utah. Died at Omaha, January 14, 1870. Dutton, Henry ; was born in Plymouth, Litch- field County, Connecticut, February 12, 1796; gradu ated at Yale College in 1818; studied law, and while doing so, taught in an academy; from 1821 to 1826 was a tutor in Yale College, and then settled as a lawyer at Newtown; remained there fourteen years; removed to Bridgeport, where he remained ten years; then settled in New Haven ; was Attorney for the State, Professor of Law in Yale College; served five years in the Legislature and one year in the State Senate; was elected Governor of Connecticut in 1854; from 1861 to 1866 was Judge of the Superior Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors. Died in New Haven, April 26, 1869. In 1833 published a Digest of the Connecticut Reports, and was one of a Com mission to revise and publish the Statutes of the State. Duval, Gabriel ; was born December 6, 1752, of a Huguenot family; served as a Clerk to the first Legislature of Maryland, before the Declaration of Independence; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1794 to 1796; a Presidential Elector in 1796 and 1800; Comptroller of the United States Treasury in 1802; in 1811 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he held for twenty -five years. Died in Prince George County, Maryland, March 6, 1844. Duval, J. H.; was born in Wellsburg, Brooke County, Virginia, September 1, 1824; when eleven years of age started out in the world to seek his for tune; spent fourteen years of his life in camp among the Rocky Mountains and in Texas, Mexico, and Cal ifornia; up to the year 1846 he had visited forty -two tribes of Indians; soon after that year he commanded a pioneer company from Texa^s to California; entered the Volunteer Army from Virginia, in 1861. as a Major; was twice severely wounded, and having served throughout the war, was brevetted a Major- General; subsequently served two years in the State Senate of West Virginia; also two years as Adjutant- General of the State; in 1868 was elected a Repre sentative from West Virginia to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Territories and Mines and Mining. Duval, Thomas H.; was born in Virginia: emi grated to Texas, and settled at Austin; in 1857 was appointed United States Judge for the Western Dis trict of Texas. Duval, William P.; was born in Virginia, in 1784; in early life went to Kentucky, where, for a time, he led the life of a hunter, after which he studied and practiced law; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1^13 to 1815; in 1K;22 was appointed Governor of Florida, by President Monroe, and re-appointed by Presidents Adams and Jackson; served as a Captain of Mounted Volunteers in 1812; in 1848 removed to Texas. Died in Washing ton, District of Columbia, March 19, 1854. Was the original "Ralph Ringwood " of Washington Irving, and "Nimrod Wildfire" of James K. Paulding. Dwigiit, Henry W.; was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1818 and 1834; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 18:21 to 1831. Died in New York, February 21, 1845. D wight, Jeremiah W.; was born in Cincin- uatus, New York; received a common school educa tion; engaged in various pursuits; was Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Dryden, New York, in 1857 and 1858; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1S(><> and 1861; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1868; Presi- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 151 dent of the D wight Farm and Land Company, of Da kota; a Director and member of the Executive Com mittee of the Southern Central Railroad; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Died November 26, 1885. Dwight, Theodore ; was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, December 6, 1764; soon after the Revolution studied law, and attained a high position as a lawyer; for a number of yearij was a State Sena tor in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut during the years 1806 and 1807; in 1813 was a Presidential Elector; was a ready and brilliant writer, and conducted for a time the Hart- lord Mirror; was Secretary of the Hartford Conven tion, of which he wrote the authentic history; in 1815, at the suggestion of leading men, he estab lished the Albany Daily Adoertlw; in 1817 founded the New York Daily Advertiser, which he conducted with signal ability until 1836, when he removed to Hartford, Connecticut, and retired from active life. About three years before his death he went to New York to reside with his son, and died in that city June 11, 1846. Brother of President Timothy Dwight. He was one of the founders of the Ameri can Bible Society; wrote a Life of Thomas Jefferson and a Dictionary of Roots and Derivations. Dwight, Thomas ; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1778; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1794 and 1795; a State Senator from 1796 to 1803 and in 1813; a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1808 and 1809; was a Representa tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1805. Died in 1819. Dwinell, Justin ; graduated at Yale College in 1805; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1821 and 1822; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Dyer, Charles E.; was born in Cicero, Ononda- ga County, New York, October 5, 1834; removed, with his parents, to Ohio, in 1835, and to the, then, Territory of Wisconsin in 1839; his education was partly academic and partly by private tutor; in 1849 entered the office of the Western Citizen, newspaper, in Chicago, Illinois, with the intention of becoming a printer; in 1851 removed to Sandusky, Ohio, where he, finally, was employed in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas; upon the advice of Hon. Ebenezer Lane, formerly one of the Judges of the State Supreme Court, studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858; in January, 1859, removed to Racine, Wisconsin, where he was, the same year, elected City Attorney, and was re-elected in I860; in 1866 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature, and was re-elected in 1867; in 1875 was ap pointed United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. Dyer, David P.; was born in Henry County, Virginia, February 12, 1838; removed to Missouri in 1841: was educated at St. Charles College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1859; was a District Prosecuting Attorney in 1860; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862 and 1865; had command of the Forty-ninth Missouri Volunteers during a part of the Rebellion; was elected Secretary of the State Senate in 1866; a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Territories and Agriculture. Dyer, Eliphalet ; was born in Windham, Con necticut, September 28, 1721; graduated at Yale College in 1740, and received the degree of LL.D. from that institution in 1787; commenced the prac tice of law at the age of nineteen; from 1745 to 1762 was a Representative to the General Court; was ap pointed to the command of a Connecticut regiment during the French War in 1755; was elected a mem ber of the Council in 1762; went to England in 1763 as Agent of the Susquehanna Company; was a Dele gate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 ; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1774, and held a seat in that body during the war, excepting 1 779 ; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court in 1766; was Chief Justice from 1789 to 1793. Died in Wind- ham, May 13, 1807. Dyer, Elisha ; was Governor of Rhode Island for two years, beginning with 1857. Dyer, John J.; was an early emigrant to Iowa; prior to the year 1850 was appointed United States Judge for the three Districts of Iowa. Eager S. W.; graduated at Princeton College in 1809; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Eames, Benjamin T.; was born in Tudham, Massachusetts, June 4, 1818; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1843; was admitted to the bar, and practiced at Providence, Rhode Island; was a member of the State Senate in 1854, 1855, 1856, 1859, and 1863; of the Legislature in 1859, 1868, and 1869, serving the last year as Speaker; was a Delegate to the Con vention at Chicago in 1860; was elected to the Forty- second and two succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committees on Patents and Land Claims; was re-elected to the Forty-filth Congress; declined a re- nomination. Eames, Charles ; was born in New Braintree, Massachusetts, March 20, 1812; in 1831 graduated at Harvard University; studied at the Cambridge Law School, but was prevented by ill health from prac ticing, and in 1845 took a position in the Navy De partment; a few months later became associate ed itor of the Washington Union , was appointed, by President Polk, Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands for the negotiation of a treaty ; in 1850 re turned; after editing the Nashville Union for six months, again edited the Union, until sent as Minis ter to Venezuela by President Pierce ; returned to Washington in 1858, where he practiced law until his death; during the last five years of his life he won distinction by his knowledge of international law. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, March 16, 1867. Earle, Elias; was born in Frederick County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. Earle, John B.; was a Representative in Congress irom South Carolina from 1803 to 1805. Earle, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina from 1795 to 1797. Earll, Jonas, Jr.; was born in 1786; was at one time a Senator in the New York Legislature; was a member of Congress from that State froni 1827 to 1831; was a Canal Commissioner at the time of his death, which occurred at Syracuse, New York, in October, 1846. Earll, Nehemiah H.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. 152 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Early, Peter ; was born in Madison County, Vir ginia, June 20, 1773; emigrated to Georgia with his father in 1795; graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, and studied law in Philadelphia; served in the United States House of Representatives from Georgia from 1802 to 1807; was one of the most conspicuous among its members who supported the Administra tion; on his return to Georgia, was made a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1813 was elected Governor; was subsequently a State Senator, but for several years before his death lived in retirement. Died August 15, 1817. Basby, William ; was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of Columbia, in 1851, holding the position until 1853. Easterbrook, Experience ; was born in Leb anon, Grafton County, New Hampshire, April 30, 1813; received a good academic education; studied law iu Buffalo, and graduated at the Law School of Marshall College, Pennsylvania; removed to Wiscon sin in 1840, where he practiced his profession until 1854; besides holding a number of county offices, was a member of the Convention that formed the Consti tution of that State; served also in the Legislature of Wisconsin, and was Attorney -General of the State; in 1854 Avas appointed United States District Attor ney for the Territory of Nebraska, which office he held until 1859, when he was elected a Delegate from Nebraska to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Eastman, Benjamin O.; was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin from 1851 to 1855. Died February 5, 1856, at Platteville, in that State. Eastman, Ira A.; was born in New Hampshire: graduated at Dartmouth College in 1829; served in the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House from 1837 to 1839; was at one time Secretary of the State Senate; was Register of Probate; from 1844 to 1859 was a Judge of the Circuit and Supreme Courts; and was elected a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1839 to 1843. Eastman, Nehemiah ; wavS born in Strafford County, New Hampshire; was a lawyer by profes sion; settled at Farmington, New Hampshire; was a Senator in the State Legislature from 1820 to 1825; a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1825 to 1827. Died January 11, 185b, aged sixty -five years. Easton, Rufus ; was appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Louisiana in 1805; was elected a Delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory from 1814 to 1816. Eaton, Benjamin H.; was born near West Bed ford, Coshocton County, Ohio, December 15, 1833; received a common school and academic education; taught school for a time and, in 1854 removed to Iowa, where he again engaged in teaching; removed to Colorado in 1859; engaged in farming, mining, manufacturing, and stock raising; served as Justice of the Peace, County Commissioner, and as Repre sentative and Senator in the Territorial Legislature; in 1884 was elected Governor of the State of Colorado. Eaton, Horace ; was born in Barnard, Vermont, June 22, 1804; graduated at Middlebury College in 1825; practiced medicine in Enosbury from 1828 to 1848, when he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Middlebury College, subse quently resided at Middlebury; was for some years a member of the Legislature; Lieutenant-Go vernor from 1843 to 1846; Superintendent of Public Schools from 1845 to 1850; Governor of the State from 1846 to 1849; was a member of the Constitutional Conven tion in 1848. Died at Middlebury, July 4, 1855. Eaton, John ; was born in Sutton, New Hamp shire, December 5, 1829; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1854; removed to Ohio; was Superintend ent of Schools at Toledo from 1856 to 1859: studied theology at Andover; served as a Chaplain in the Army; had charge of the Freedmen in the extreme South; was commissioned a Colonel in the Volunteer Service, and brevetted a General; held a number of official positions during the war; established and edited the Daily Post at Memphis, Tennessee; in 1870 was appointed United States Commissioner of Ed ucation ; wrote and published many papers on matters connected with education. Eaton, John H.; was born in Tennessee; was a Senator in Congress from Tennessee from 1818 to 1829; was Secretary of War under President Jackson from 1829 to 1831; from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of the Territory of Florida; from 1836 to 1840 was Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain. Died in Wash ington, District of Columbia, November 17, 1856, aged fifty-six years. He was the author of a Life of Andrew Jackson. Eaton, Lewis ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825. Eaton, William W.; was born in Tolland, Con necticut, in October, 1816; was chiefly educated at public schools, but also received private instruction ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; settled in Hartford, and had an active practice; was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Connecticut in 1847, 1848, 1853, 1863, 1868, 1870, 1871, 1873, and 1874; was elected Speaker in 1853 and 1873; was elected State Senator in 1850; in 1874 was elected United States Senator for the term ending in 1881 ; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Forty-eighth Congress. Eckert, George N.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849, after which he was appointed Director of the United States Mint from 1851 to 1853. He was a physician by profession, and a man of superior ability. Died in Philadelphia, in July, 1865. Eckles, Delane R.; was born in Kentucky; re moved to Indiana; was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Eckley, Ephraim R.; was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, December 9, 1812; received his educa tion in the West; read law, and came to the bar in 1837; was a member of the Ohio Senate iu 1843, 1845, and 1849, serving until 1851; in 1853 was elected to the State House of Representatives; during the Rebellion was, at different times, Colonel of the; Twenty-sixth and Eightieth Regiments of Ohio Vol unteers, serving through several battles, and at the battle of Corinth commanded a brigade; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Pri vate Land Claims, and on Roads and Canals; in March, 1863, resigned his position in the army; re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and on Accounts; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his former committees. Eddy, Norman; was born in New York; re moved to Indiana; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 153 Eddy, Samuel ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, March 31, 1769; graduated at Brown Uni- versity in 1787; studied law, but did not long engage in practice; in 1798 was chosen Secretary of State, and held the office for twenty-one years, when he re signed; was elected a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1819 to 1825; was subse quently Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island for eight years; devoted some attention to literary pursuits, and was honored in 1801 with the degree of LL.D. Died in Providence, February 3, 1839. Eden, Charles ; was Governor of North Carolina from 1713 to 1722. Died March 26, 1722, aged forty- eight years. Eden, John R.; was born in Bath County, Ken tucky, February 1, 1826; went with his parents, at an early age, to Indiana; received a common school ed ucation; studied law, and commenced practice in Il linois: in 1856 was appointed State Attornej^ for the Seventh District, which office he held four years; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Accounts and Revolutionary Pen sions; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Claims; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on War Claims; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress; was again elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Edgecomb, Willard W. ; was a citizen of Maine; while holding the position of Consul at Cape Town, Africa, was empowered to negotiate a treaty of friendship and commerce with the Orange Free States, in 1871. Edgerton, Alfred P.; was born at Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York, January 11, 1813; is a lineal descendent of Richard Edgerton, one of the original proprietors of Norwich, Connecticut; re ceived an academic education; made his first public appearance as editor of a newspaper in his native town; removed to the city of New York in 1833, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; in the spring of 1837 went to Ohio, and assumed the management of the extensive interests of the American Land Com pany and the Hicks Land Company, in the north western part of the State; established an office at Hicksville. Williams County, (now part of Defiance County); in 1845 was elected to the State Senate of Ohio; in 1848 was a Delegate at Large to the Demo cratic National Convention; in 1850 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-second Con gress ; in 1852 was re-elected to the Thirty-third Con gress; was Chairman of the Committee on Claims; in 1853 was appointed Financial Agent of the State of Ohio, holding the position until May 1, 1856; was a member of the Democratic: National Committee from 1852 to 1856, and was Chairman of the Sub-Com mittee which organized the Democratic National Convention in 1856; in 1857 removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, but retained his residence in Ohio until 1862; in 1858 was a member, and Chairman of the Committee to investigate the frauds upon the Ohio State Treasury, and made an elaborate report, dis closing the authors, and the extent of the frauds; in 1859, with Hugh McCulloch and Pliny Hoogland, became lessee and general manager of the Indiana Canals, and acted as such until 1868; in January, 1864, was a Delegate at Large to the Democratic National Convention; in 1868 was a Candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, on the ticket with Thomas A. Hendricks, but the ticket was defeated; in 1872 was nominated as the "Straight-Out" Candi date for Governor of Indiana, but declined to run ; was, for many years, President of the Board of School Trus tees of Fort Wayne, Indiana, also a Trustee of Pur due University, of Lafayette, Indiana, and the Agri cultural and Mechanical College of Indiana, endowed by the General Government; in November, 1885. was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Civil Service Commissioner, and became the Presi dent of the Commission. Edgerton, Joseph Ketchum ; was born in Vergennes, Vermont, February 16, 1818; spent his youth in Clinton County, New York, and received a common school education, chiefly at Plattsburg ; read law; settled in New York City in 1835; came to the bar in 1839; removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1844; in 1855 was President of the Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad Company, and subsequently finan cial agent of the same when consolidated with the Pittsburg road; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Edgerton, Sidney ; was born in Cazenovia, Madison County, New York, in 1818; became an orphan when a boy; acquired an academic education by means of his own exertions, teaching school and studying at the same time; removed to Ohio in 1844, and studied law, spending one year at the Law School in Cincinnati; was a Prosecuting Attorney for four years in Summit County; was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and Private Land Claims; was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge for the Territory of Idaho, and, subsequently, Governor of Montana. Edie, John R.; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents. Edmands, J. "Wiley ; was born in Massachu setts; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Edmond, William ; was born at South Britain, Connecticut, September 28, 1755; graduated at Yale College in 1773; was a volunteer soldier at the burn ing of Danbury, and received a wound in the leg which made him lame for life; was a lawyer by pro fession; was chosen a member of the Legislature; member of the Council; Judge of the Supreme Court of that State; was a member of Congress from Con necticut from 1798 to 1801. Died in Newton, Con necticut, August 1, 1838. Edmonds, John "Worth ; was born in Hudson, New York, March 13, 1799; graduated at Union Col lege in 1816; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and began to practice in Hudson in 1820; was a member of the Legislature in 1831; of the Senate from 1832 to 1836; also of the Court of Errors; in 1836 and 1837; was sent, by the Government, on special missions to the Indians on the frontiers; in 1837 resumed the practice of law in New York City; was Prison In spector in 1843; Circuit Judge from 1845 to 1847; ; Judge of the Superior Court from 1847 to 1852; a member of the Court of Appeals in 1852 and 1853, when he retired and practiced in New York; became > an advocate of Spiritualism in 1853, and published a work, in two volumes, on the subject, and also ad ditional volumes. Died in New York, April 5, 1874. Edmondson, Henry A.; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that 154 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. State in 1849; was re-elected to each successive Con gress down to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as i member of the Committee on Public Expenditures Edmunds, George F.; was born in Richmond Vermont, February 1, 1828; received a common school education, and enjoyed the instruction of a private tutor; studied law, and came to the bar in 1849, devoting himself exclusively to the legal pro fession; in 1851 settled in Burlington; in 1854, 1855, 185/7, 1858, and 1859, was elected to the Vermont Legislature, serving three years as Speaker; in 1861 and 1862 was elected to the State Senate, officiating as President pro tern, of that body during those years; on the breaking out of the Rebellion was a member of the State Convention which met to form a coalition between the Republicans and War Democrats, and drew up the resolutions which were adopted in that Convention as the basis of union for the country; on the death of Solomon Foot was appointed in his place -to the United States Senate, taking his seat in April 1866, and the appointment was confirmed by the Legislature; the Committees upon which he served were those on Commerce, Public Lauds, Pensions, Retrenchment, and the Judiciary; was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention of 1866; during the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses was Chairman of the Committee on the Judi ciary; was re-elected to the Senate for the term end- ting in 1881 ; was again re-elected for the term ending in 1887; in March, 1883, was elected President of the Senate, pro tempore. Edmunds, Gr. ; was an emigrant to Utah, and was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States Court for that Territory. Edmunds, James M.; was born in Niagara County, New York, August 23, 1810; received a common school and academic education; from 1826 until 1831 was a school teacher; removed to Michi gan and became a merchant at Ypsilanti; was for ten years an Inspector of Schools, holding also a number of other local positions; in 1839 was elected to the State Senate; in 1846 to the Lower House; in 1847 was the Whig candidate for Governor, but not elected ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; in 1853 removed to Detroit and entered exten sively into the lumber business ; from 1857 to 1861 was Comptroller of Detroit, which office he resigned to become the Commissioner of the General Land Office in Washington; resigning that position in 1866 was chosen Postmaster of the United States Senate, which position he resigned in 1869, to accept the office of Postmaster of Washington City; from 1855 to 1861 was Chairman of the Republican State Cen tral Committee of Michigan ; President of the Michi gan Soldiers Relief Association in Washington City, from its first organization in 1861; was also Presi dent of the National Council of the Union League of America from its organization in 1862 to 1869, when he retired from the position. Edmunds, Newton ; was born in New York; was an early emigrant to Dakota; in 1863 was ap pointed Governor of that Territory, residing in Yankton, and serving in that office until 1866. Edsall, Joseph E.; was born in Sussex County, New Jersey; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1837 to 1839; was a mem ber of the State Legislature, and of the Convention which framed the last State Constitution. Edward, John; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1843. Edwards, Benjamin; was born in Stafford County, Virginia, in 1752; had not the advantage of a classical education, and his pursuits were those of agriculture and merchandise; was a member of the Maryland Legislature; also of the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution; was a mem ber of Congress from Maryland from 1794 to 1795, to fill the unexpired term of Uriah Forrest; spent the latter years of his life in Kentucky, but held no public position in that State. Died in Todd County, November 13, 1826. Edwards, Francis S.; was born in Norwich, Connecticut, May 28, 1818; adopted the profession of the law; removing to New York, was appointed a Master in Chancery, in 1841, for the County of Che- nango; in 1851 was elected Surrogate of Chautauqua County; in 1854 was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress from New York. Edwards, Henry W.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1779; graduated at Princeton College in 1797; studied his profession at the Litchfield Law School, and settled in New Haven; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1819 to 1823; United States Senator from 1823 to 1827; member of the State Senate in 1828 and 1829; Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1830; Governor in 1833, and from 1835 to 1838; upon his recommendation a geological survey of the State was taken. Died in New Haven, July 22, 1847. Edwards, James L.; was born in Virginia; was appointed from that State, in 1837, the Commissioner of Pensions, serving in that capacity until 1850. Edwards, John ; was a member of the Ken tucky Legislature from Fayette County in 1781, 1782, 1783, and 1785; was a Commissioner who chose the seat of Government at Frankfort in 1785; was a member of the State Conventions of that year, and of the Convention to ratify the Federal Constitution in 1792; was United States Senator from Kentucky from 1792 to 1795. Edwards, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843. Died in Chester, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1843. Edwards, John C.; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1841 to 1843; Governor of that State from 1844 to 1848. Edwards, Ninian ; was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, March, 1775; was, in early life, the intimate friend of William Wirt, and graduated at Dickinson College; studied both medicine and [aw, but devoted himself to the practice of law with minent success; removing to Kentucky, was twice lected to the Legislature; was appointed a Circuit "lerk, and subsequently Judge of the General Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit Court, of the Court of Appeals, and finally, Chief Justice of the State, all be- ibre reaching the thirty-second year of his age; in 1809 President Madison appointed him Governor of ;he Territory of Illinois, to which office he was three imes re-appointed. Before Congress had adopted any measures on the subject of volunteer rangers, he organized companies, supplied them with arms, >uilt stockade forts, and established a line of posts rom the mouth of the Missouri to the Wabash River. iTe was thus prepared for defence, and during the In dian wars on the frontiers was most devoted to his country s service. In 1816 was appointed a Commis sioner to treat with the Indian tribes; when Illinois jecame a State, was elected a Senator in Congress, erving from 1818 to 1824, when he was ^appointed Minister to Mexico, but declined the office; in 1826 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 155 was elected Governor of the State of Illinois, which office he filled until 1831. Died of cholera July 20, 1833. Edwards, Pierrepont; was born in North ampton, Massachusetts, April 8, 1750; was the youngest son of Jonathan Edwards, the distinguished divine. From the fact that his father was a mission ary among the Stockbridge Indians, he spent much of his early boyhood among that people, and acquired the language so perfectly that he was wont to say that he " thought in Indian." His youth was passed in New Jersey and North Carolina, and he was edu cated at Princeton College; studied law, and settled in the practice of the profession in New Haven, Con necticut; was frequently elected to the Connecticut Legislature; Avas administrator of the estate of Ben edict Arnold at the time of his treason; served in the army during the Revolution; w^sin two hard-fought battles; at the battle of Danbury was reported killed because he remained on the battle field for the pur pose of rescuing a friend; was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788; subsequently filled the office of United States Judge for the State of Connecticut, which he held at the time of his death, which occurred at Bridgeport, Connecticut, April 1, 1826. He was the founder of what was called the Toleration Party in Connecticut, and by his ability and perseverance called down upon his head the animosity of the Calvinists; was also the first Grand Master among the Masons of Connecticut, having, in fact, drawn up the Constitu tion of the original Lodge in that State. Edwards, Samuel; was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1819 to 1827. Edwards, Thomas M.; was born in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; graduated at Dartmouth College; adopted the profession of law; served eight years in the New Hampshire Legislature between the years 1834 and 1856; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1859 was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs; re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Edwards, Tom O.; was born in Maryland; hav ing taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Died at Wheeling, West Virginia, in Feb ruary, 1876. Edwards, Weldon N.; was born in Northamp ton County, North Carolina, in 1788; was educated at Warrenton Academy; read law, and came to the bar in 1810; was in the Legislature for two years; was a member of Congress from North Carolina from 1816 to 1827; again went into the Legislature, serv ing there from 1833 to 1844; was again elected in 1850; was made President of the State Senate; was President of the State Convention in 1861 ; and died in Warren, North Carolina, December 18, 1873. Edwards, William P.; was born in Georgia; received a legal education; was elected a Representa tive from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Effner, Valentine ; was born in New York; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1829; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. Egbert, A. GK; was born in Mercer County, Penn sylvania, April 13, 1828; was educated principally in public schools; was trained a farmer; quit that busi ness in 1852 to attend two academic courses in Ohio; in 1853 commenced the study of medicine, and grad uated in 1856; engaged in practice for six years, and then turned his attention again to farming and to the production and refining of petroleum oil; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Egbert, Joseph ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Ege, George , was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania during the years 1796 and 1797, for the unexpired term of D. Heister, resigned. Eggleston, Benjamin; was born in Corinth, Saratoga County, New York, January 3, 1816; re moved with his father to Hocking County, Ohio, in 1831, where he entered upon commercial pursuits, becoming extensively identified with the business interests and prosperity of Cincinnati and Ohio ; was connected for many years with the Board of Public Works of Hamilton County and Cincinnati, and was its Chairman; was the effective Chairman, also, of an important finance committee, in a time of great public distress; was President of the City Council; was for some years a member of the State Legisla ture; was a member of the Chicago Convention of 1860, and a Presidential Elector at the following election; in looking after the welfare of the Ohio soldiers during the Rebellion, rendered services that were universally acknowledged; one or two import ant canals were inaugurated by him, and carried on under his supervision; in 1864 was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and Ex penditures in the Post Office Department, and Reve nue Frauds; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office De partment; subsequently published several successful novels. Eggleston, Joseph ; was born in Amelia Coun ty, Virginia, November 24, 1754; was educated at the College of William and Mary; served in the Revolutionary War as a Captain and Major of Cavalry under Colonel Henry Lee; was in several of the bat tles fought by Gates and Greene; served in the Vir ginia Assembly for several years; was a Representa tive in Congress from Virginia from 1798 to 1801; from the time of his leaving Congress until his death was a Justice of the Peace. Died February 15, 1811. Eickhoff, Anthony ; was born in Westphalia, Germany, September 11, 1827; studied philology; emigrated to the United States in 1847; studied law in Saint Louis, Missouri, but did not practice; be came an editor and had editorial charge of newspa pers at Saint Louis, Dubuque, Iowa, and Louisville, Kentucky, and finally at New York, where he lo cated permanently in 1852; in 1863 was appointed Commissary General of Subsistence of the State of New York; was subsequently elected a Representa tive in the New York Legislature; was elected Coro ner of the city of New York in 1873; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Einstein, Edwin; was born at Cincinnati, Ohio; November 18, 1842; removed to New York in 1846; received a collegiate education; engaged in mercan tile pursuits; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. 156 B 1 O G R A P H I C A L ANNALS. Ela, Jacob H.; was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, July 18, 1820; began active life as a prin ter in the office of the Strtlexmaii newspaper in 1837; established and edited the Herald of Freedom, and also participated in establishing the Independent Dem ocrat; in 1857 and 1858 was a member of the State Legislature, and rilled several other State offices; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States Marshal for his State, holding the office until 1866; was elected a Representative from New Hamp shire to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serv ing on the Committees on Printing, Claims, and Freedmen s Aifairs; in 1872 was appointed Fifth Auditor of the United States Treasury; in June, 1881, was appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Elam, Joseph B.; was born in Hempstead Coun ty, Arkansas, June 12, 1821 ; removed, with his father, to Louisiana in 1826; studied law and was admitted to practice at Alexandria in 1843; served two terms in the State Legislature; in 1851 removed to De Sota Parish; in 1861 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention; again served in the Legislature during the Civil War; was elected a Rep resentative from Louisiana to the Forty-fifth Con gress; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Congress. Eldred, Nathaniel B. ; was born in Orange County, New York, in 1795; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1822 to 1828; was for a time Canal Commissioner of Pennsylvania; Naval Officer at Philadelphia from 1852 to 1858. Died at Bethany, Pennsylvania, January 27, 1867. Eldredge, Nathaniel B.; was born in Auburn, New York, March, 1813; received a common school ed ucation; studied medicine; attended Medical College at Fairfield, New York; removed to Michigan in 1837, and settled in Oakland County in the practice of medicine; in 1843 removed to Lapeer, Michigan, where he practiced his profession for nine years; stud ied law, and was admitted to the bar, engaged in the practice of law at Lapeer; held various local offices; was Clerk of the State Senate in 1845; State Senator in 1848; Judge of Probate from 1852 to 1856; in 1861 raised a company of volun teers and joined the Seventh Michigan Infant ry; was, soon afterwards, promoted to Major; be came a Lieutenant Colonel in 1862; in 1865 removed to Adrian, Michigan, was elected Mayor in 1870; the same year was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1874 was elected Sheriff of Lenawee County ; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Eldridge, Charles A.; was born in Bridgeport, Addison County, Vermont, February 27, 1821; when a child removed, with his parents, to St. Lawrence County, New York; studied law in that State, and came to the bar in 1846 ; in 1848 removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; in 1854 and 1855 was a member of the State Senate; in 1862 was elected a Representa tive from Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Naval Affairs; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866; was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Judiciary and Revolutionary Claims; re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Judiciary Committee and that on the District of Columbia. Elgar, Joseph ; was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of Columbia in 1816, and continued in that office until 1834. Eliot, Samuel A.; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, March 5, 1798; educated at Harvard College; engaged in commercial and manufacturing business; was Mayor of Boston from 1837 to 1839; Representa tive and Senator in the Legislature for three or four years; was a Representative in Congress from 1850 to 1851; was also Treasurer of Harvard College for eleven years. Died at Cambridge, January 26, 1862. Eliot, Thomas D.; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, March 20, 1808; graduated at Columbia College, Washington City, in 1825; adopted the pro fession of the law, and settled at New Bedford; served in both Houses of the Massachusetts Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress for the unex- pired term of Zeno Scudder, in 1855; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress; and was Chairman of the Special Committee on Confiscation of the Property of Rebels; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Commerce and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on Emancipation; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was again a member of the Committee on Commerce, and Chairman of that on Freedmen, and also of that on the New Or leans Riots; several important bills bearing on the colored race were drawn up by him; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Died at New Bedford, June 15, 1870. Elkins, Stephen B.; was born in Ohio, Septem ber 26, 1841; removed to Missouri when young; graduated at the University of that State in i860; studied law; went to the Territory of New Mexico in 1863; was a member of the Legislature in 1864 and 1865; held the offices of District Attorney, Attorney- General, and United States District Attorney in the Territory; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Del egate from that Territory. Ellery, Christopher; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1787; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1801 to 1805; in the latter year was ap pointed United States Commissioner of Loans; was appointed Collector of Newport in 1828. Died in 1840. Ellery, "William ; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, December, 22, 1727; graduated at Harvard College in 1747; was a lawyer by profession; a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1780. and from 1783 to 1785; was a signer of the Declara tion of Independence, and also of the Articles of Con federation; in 1786 was appointed Commissioner of Loans for Rhode Island; was elected Chief Justice of the State; in 1789 was appointed, by President Washington, Collector of Newport, which office he held until his death, which occurred February 15, 1820. Ellicott, Andrew ; was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1754; was a Civil Engi neer; founded the town of Ellicott s Mills, in Mary land ; was a personal friend of Franklin and Wash ington; in 1790 was employed by the General Govern ment to survey and lay out the City of Washington ; in 1792 was appointed Surveyor-General of the United States; in 1812 became a Professor of Mathe matics at West Point, where he died, August 29, 1820. Ellicott, Benjamin; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 157 Elliot, John; graduated at Yale College in 1794; resided in Sunbury, Liberty County, Georgia; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1825, serving on several important Committees. Died August 9, 1827. Elliott, James ; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1803 to 1809. Died at Newfane, Vermont, November 10, 1839. Elliott, James T.; was born in Monroe County, Georgia, April 22, 1823; received a common school education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; was chosen President of a railroad company in 1858; was elected a Circuit Judge in Arkansas in 1866; es tablished a newspaper at Camden, in that State, in 1867, called the South Arkansas Journal; was elected a Eepresentative from Arkansas to the Fortieth Con gress, for the unexpired term of James Hinds who was assassinated. Elliott, John M.; was born in Scott County, Vir ginia, May 16, 1820; was educated in the county schools of Kentucky; studied law, and commenced to practice in 1843; was elected to the State Legisla ture in 1847; in 1853 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Elliott, Mortimer F.; was born at Cherry Flats, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1842; Avas reared on a farm ; was educated in the common schools and at Alfred University, New York; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1864; com menced practice at Wellsboro, Pennsylvania; in 1870 was an unsuccessful Candidate for President Judge; attained eminence in his profession, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1873; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress. Elliott, Robert Brown, of Columbia ; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 11, 1842; in 1853 entered High Holborn Academy, in London, England; in 1855 entered Eton College, England, and graduated in 1859; studied law, and practiced his profession ; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of South Carolina in 1868; was a member of the House of Representatives of South Carolina, from 1868 to 1870; in 1869 was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General, which position he held until elected to the Forty-second Congress; re-elected to the Forty-Third Congress, and served on several Committees, but resigned. Ellis, Caleb ; was born at Walpole, Massachu setts; graduated at Harvard College in 1793; when admitted to the bar he settled at Claremont, New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress, from 1805 to 1809; was a member of the Council, and in 1811 elected to the State Senate; in 1812 was one of the Electors of President and Vice-President; in 1813 was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and continued in that office until his death, which occurred May 9, 1816, aged forty-nine years. Ellis, Cheseiden ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Ellis, E. John , was born in Covingtou, St. Tam many Parish, Louisiana, October 15, 1841; was par tially educated at Centenary College, but graduated at the University of Louisiana in 1861; entered the Confederate Army as a private, and became Captain of Infantry, serving under Generals Johnson, Beaure- gard, and Bragg; in 1863 was captured and impris oned at Johnson s Island, Lake Erie; after his release, in 1865, he returned to Louisiana and began practic ing law, which he continued until 1874, when he was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Mississippi Levees; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Ellis, John "Willis ; was born in Rowan, North Carolina, November 23, 1820; graduated at the Uni versity of North Carolina in 1841; studied law; was a member of the House of Commons of that State from 1844 to 1848, then Judge of the Superior Courts of Law and Equity; was Governor of North Carolina from 1859 until his death, which occurred in Raleigh, in 1861. Ellis, Powhatan ; was born in Virginia; remov ing at an early day to Mississippi, there devoting him self to the practice of law; became one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that State ; in 1825 was ap pointed to a seat in the United States Senate, but was displaced by the Legislature; in 1827, however, the Legislature elected him a Senator in Congress, where n*e served until 1833, after which be was ap pointed United States Judge for the District of Mississippi; in 1836 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Mexico; in 1839 Minister to that Republic. Ellis, Vespasian ; was a citizen of Missouri; in 1844 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Venezuela, where he remained until 1845. Ellis, William C.; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825. Ellison, Andrew; was born in Ireland; emi grated to Ohio ; was elected a Representative in Con gress from 1853 to 1855. Ellsberry, "William "W.; was born at New Hope, Brown County, Ohio, December 18, 1833, received a good education in the common schools of Brown County and at a private academy in Clermont County, Ohio; taught school two years; studied medicine with his father; graduated from the Cincinnati Col lege of Medicine and Surgery and engaged in prac tice as a physician; some years later attended a full course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College and received a diploma therefrom; in 1861 was a member of the County Military Board of Brown County, set tled at Georgetown, Ohio; was three times chosen County Auditor; in 1878, was tendered the office of Superintendent of the Central Insane Asylum, at Columbus, Ohio, but declined it; became a member of several medical societies, including the American Medical Association ; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention in 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty - ninth Congress. Ellsworth, Charles C.; was born at Berkshire, Vermont, January 29, 1824; received an academic education; studied and practiced law; removed to Michigan, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney of Livingston County in 1850; removed to Montcalm County in 1851 , was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1852 to 1854; served two terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Montcalm County; was appointed a Paymaster in the army in 1862 and served until the close of the war; was elected a Rep resentative from Michigan to the Forty-fifth Con gress. Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt; was born at Windsor, Connecticut, November 10, 1791; graduated at Yale College in 1810; studied law at Litehn eld and settled at Windsor; after a few years removed to 158 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hartford, where he lived about ten years, was then appointed Resident Commissioner among the Indian tribes in Arkansas ; was United States Commissioner of Patents from 1836 to 1845; his Reports to Con gress during this period added greatly to the im provement of agriculture; then settled in Lafayette, Indiana, where he was a purchaser of United States land; in 1857 returned to Connecticut; was the author of "Digest of Patents from 1770 to 1839." Died at Fair Haven, Connecticut, December 27, 1858. Ellsworth, Henry W.; was born in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1814; graduated at Yale College in 1834; studied law in New Haven Law School; re moved to Indiana in 1835; was counsel for S. F. B. Morse in some of his suits connected with telegraph patents; was appointed Charge d 1 Affaires to Sweden in 1845. Died at New Haven, in August, 1884. He was the author of "Sketches of the Upper Wabash Valley," and a contributor to the Knickerbocker Magazine. Ellsworth, Oliver ; was born at Windsor. Con necticut, April 29, 1745; graduated at Princeton Col lege, New Jersey, in 1766; studied law, and soon be came eminent in the practice; in 1777 was chosen a Delegate in Congress from Connecticut; in 1780 was elected to the Council of Connecticut, and was a member of that body until 1784, when he was ap pointed a Judge of the Superior Court of that State; in 1787 was elected a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution. In an assembly illustrious for talents, erudition, and pa triotism, he held a distinguished place. His exer tions essentially aided in the production of an in- strument which has been the main pillar of American prosperity and glory; was afterwards a member of the State Convention of Connecticut, and contributed his efforts towards procuring the ratification of the Constitution by that State. When the Federal Gov ernment was organized, in 1789, was a member of the Senate from Connecticut; in 1796 was appointed, by President Washington, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but resigned the office on account of ill-health in 1800; in 1799 was appointed, by President Adams, Envoy Extraordinary to France, for the purpose of concluding a treaty with that nation: in 1805 was a Presidential Elector. He re ceived the degree of LL.D. in 1780, from Yale Col lege, and in 1797 from Dartmouth. Died November 26, 1807. Ellsworth, Samuel S.; was born in Vermont; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1840: was a Representative, in Congress from that State from .1845 to 1847. Ellsworth, William W.; was the son of Oliver Ellsworth, was born in Windsor County, Connecti cut, November 10, 1791; graduated at Yale College in 1810; adopted the profession of law, and was Pro fessor of Law in Trinity College; was a Representa tive in Congress from Connecticut from 1829 to 1833; in 1838 was elected Governor of Connecticut, and re- elected for four years, was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut for many years. Died at Hart ford. Connecticut, January 15. 1868. Ellwood, Reuben ; was born in New York in 1821; removed to Illinois in 1836, and applied him self to various avocations, at different points in the State; received an academic education; finally located at Sycamore, Illinois, and engaged largely in manufacturing; became President of several manu facturing companies; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-eighth Congress. Elmendorf, Lucas ; graduated at Princeton ir 1782; was a Representative in Congress from NeV York from 1797 to 1803; a member of the Assembly of that State in 1804 and 1805; a State Senator from 1814 to 1817. Died August 17. 1843, aged eighty- five years. Elmer, Ebenezer ; was born in Cedarville, New Jersey, in 1752; was educated a physician; was a Field Officer of the Revolutionary War; also a Sur geon in the army; was President of the Society of the Cincinnati for New Jersey; a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1801 to 1807 served a. number of years in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker; was also for a long time Adjutant- General of the New Jersey Militia; during the War of 1812 commanded the troops on the Delaware; in 1807 and 1815 was a member and Vice-President of the State Council; in 1808 was appointed Collector of Bridgeton, and held the office for many years. Died at Bridgeton, New Jersey, October 18, 1843. Elmer, Jonathan ; was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, in 1745; was a prominent phy sician, and practiced in his native county; having graduated with honors at the University of Pennsyl vania; was a member of the Continental Congress; a Senator in Congress under the Federal Constitution from New Jersey from 1789 to 1791 ; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; during the War of the Revolution was a Sheriff, a Surrogate, and a Judge; was a man of learning, and a member of the Philosophical Society of America. Died in 1817. Elmer, Lucius Q. O.; was born in Bridgeton, New Jersey, in 1793; graduated at Princeton College in 1824; was educated a lawyer, which profession he practiced in his native town; for many years was Prosecutor for the State; was in the Assembly from 1820 to 1823, the last year being Speaker of that body; in 1824 was appointed Attorney of the United States for New Jersey, which office he filled until 1829; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1843 to 1845; in 1850 was appointed Attorney-Gen eral of the State; in 1852 was appointed one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of his State, which office he continued to hold until 1859. Elmer, Richard A.; was born in Orange County, New York, June 16, 1843; received a classical educa tion, graduating from Hamilton College in 1864 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1868; his professional practice was limited, owing to other duties, circumstances having compelled him to as sume the management of the First National Bank of Waverly. New York, in which he continued until May, 1881, when he was appointed, by President Garfield, Second Assistant Postmaster-General. Elmore, Franklin Harper; was born in Lau- rens District, South Carolina, in 1799; entered South Carolina College in November, 1817, and graduated in 1819; was a lawyer by profession, and was admit ted to the bar in 1821; was a Colonel of Militia, and also a Trustee of the South Carolina College, in 1822 was elected Solicitor of the Southern Circuit, and was continued in this office, by re-elections, until 1837, when he was elected to the House of Representativ ,3 in Congress, and served until 1839; was in that yeiir elected President of the Bank of the State of Sou,, h Carolina, which office he held till his appointment to the United States Senate, in April, 1850, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of John C. Calhotui; his voice was heard but once in the Senate, and then in answering to his name when called by the Secre tary. Died in Washington, District of Columbia^ May 29, 1850. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 159 Elmore, Rush.; was born in Alabama; settled in Kansas; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for that Territory, residing at Lecompton. Ely, Alfred ; -was born in Lyme, New London County, Connecticut, February 18, 1815; removed to Rochester, New York, in 1835; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1841, where he practiced his profession; in 1840, while a student at law, was ap pointed Clerk of the Recorder s Court of Rochester; in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -sixth Congress; was re-elected, and while in the Thirty-seventh Congress served as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; in July, 1861, was a witness of the battle of Bull Run, where he was captured and taken as a prisoner of war to Richmond ; after a confinement of more than five months was exchanged in December, 1861, for the Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, the American Minis ter to France, who had been imprisoned for disloy alty; after his return home, Mr. Ely published a book with the title, "Journal of Alfred Ely, a Prisoner of War in Richmond, edited by the author of this volume. Ely, Frederick David; was born at Wrent- ham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, September 24, 1838; received his early education at Day s Acad emy, Wrentham, Massachusetts, and graduated from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1859; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1862 and entered upon the practice of law at Dedham, Massachusetts; was a Trial Justice from 1867 to 1885 ; was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1873; was a State Senator in 1878 and 1879; was a member of the School Committee of Dedham, Massachusetts, from 1882 to 1885; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-ninth Congress. Ely, John; was born in Connecticut; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841, having previously served two years in the As sembly of that State. Ely, Smith, Jr.; was born in New Jersey in 1825, his grandfather having served with honor in the Revolution; after receiving a good education, studied law. and came to the bar in 1846, but did not practice the profession; devoted himself for many years to mercantile pursuits; in 1856 was elected a School Trustee; in 1857 to the State Senate; was County Supervisor from 1866 to 1870; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-second Congress, serving on various committees; in 1872 was elected a Commissioner of Public Instruction, and in 1874 was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Died July 28, 1884. Ely, William ; graduated at Yale College in 1787; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1805 to 1815. Died in 1817. Embree, Elisha ; was born in Lincoln County, Kentucky, September 28, 1801; in 1811 removed, with his father, to the southwestern portion of In diana Territory, where he long continued to reside; received a common school education, after which he studied and practiced law; in 1813 was elected to the State Senate of Indiana; in 1835 was chosen, by the Legislature, Circuit Judge, which office he held for ten years; in 1847 was elected Representative in the Thirtieth Congress from Indiana, and after the expi- ral ion of that term engaged in agricultural pursuits. Died at Princeton, New Jersey, March 7, 1863. Emerson, Philip H.; was born in Vermont; re moved to Michigan; in 1873 was appointed one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Idaho. Emery, George "W.; was a citizen of Tennessee; in 1875 was appointed Governor of Utah, serving until March 1, 1880. Emmanuel, David; was acting Governor ol Georgia in 1801. Emmons, H. H.; was born in New York; after acquiring a good education at the common schools, became an assistant in the office of his father, who was the editor of a paper; he studied law and was admitted to the bar of that State; soon afterwards settled in Detroit, where his father had already located himself as a lawyer, and with whom he became asso ciated in the practice of his profession about the year 1840; in 1843 his father died; acquired distinction during a period of commotion in Detroit by defending the right of an American Protestant clergyman to preach against Catholicism, Irish repeal, temperance, or secret societies, or whatever he conscientiously be lieved to be injurious to the welfare temporal or eternal of his fellow-citizens; in 1853 his health became somewhat impaired by application to busi ness, and he partially retired from active professional life, although his services were in frequent demand by the railroad companies of the State, whose busi ness he had made a specialty; early in 1870 was ap pointed Circuit Judge for the State of Michigan, but exercised a much wider jurisdiction. Emott, James ; was born in Albany, New York, in 1770; did not receive a collegiate education, but in 1800 Union College conferred on him the degree of A.M.; was a distinguished member of the bar; under the old Constitution of New York, for several years, filled the office of First Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for his county, and in that capacity gave that court a rank among the best of the State ; was a Rep resentative in Congress from his native State from 1809 to 1813; under the Constitution of 1821 was ap pointed Judge for the Second District, which station he filled until he reached the age of sixty years, which required him to retire. Died in Poughkeep- sie, April 7, 1850. Emrie, J. Reece; was born in Ohio; elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Endicott, William O.; was born at Salem, Massachusetts, November 19, 1826; received a classi cal education, graduating from Harvard University in 1847; studied law; was admitted to the bar in the County of Essex, Massachusetts, in December, 1851, and was engaged in practice until 1873; during that time was several times the Democratic candidate for the office of Attorney-General, and once for mem. of Congress, but was each time defeated; in Marcn, 1873, was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, which office he held until November, 1882, when he resigned; after an absence of a year and a half in Europe, returned to the practice of law in Massachusetts; was the Demo cratic candidate for Governor of that State in 1884, and was defeated; in March, 1885, was appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Cleve land. English James E.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in March, 1812; received a common school education ; was bred a carpenter and became a master builder, and a dealer in lumber; entered into 160 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. mercantile pursuits, in which he continued until 1855, when he became extensively engaged in several branches of manufacture; in 1855 was a member of the Legislature of Connecticut; in 1856 was elected to the State Senate, and declined a re-election ; was a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut in 1860, but was defeated ; was elected a Representa tive from his native State to the Thirty -seventh Con gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and Expenditures in the State Department; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866; was elected Governor of Connecti cut in 1867, 1868, and 1870; subsequently traveled extensively; in November, 1875, was appointed a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of O. S. Ferry. English, William E.; was born at Lexington, Scott County, Indiana, November 3, 1851 ; removed to Indianapolis at an early age; graduated at the Northwestern University, and was admitted to the practice of the law in 1872; soon retired from active practice; from 1875 to 1886 was a member of the Democratic Executive Committee of his county, serving as its chairman during two important cam paigns; was a member of the State House of Repre sentatives in 1878; was the Democratic candidate for Representative in the Forty-eighth Congress in November, 1882, but the certificate of election hav ing been given to his Republican competitor, Stan- ton J. Peele; after a contest, the seat was awarded to Mr. English. English, "William H.; was born in Scott County, Indiana, August 27, 1822; received a good common school education, and spent three years at the Uni versity of South Hanover; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1846; in 1843 was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives of Indiana; during President Folk s administration was a Clerk in the Treasury Department; was the Clerk of the State Constitutional Convention in 1850; in 1851 was elected to the State Legislature, and officiated as Speaker; in 1852 was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana; re-elected in 1854, and made a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; re-elected in 1856, and during the first session of the Thirty- fifth Congress took part in the Kansas Compromise measure; was Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the same committee. Eppes, John W.; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815; was a Senator in Congress from 1817 to 1819, when he resigned because of ill health. Died near Richmond, Virginia, September, 1823, aged fifty years. Erdman, Jacob; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. Died in Lehigh County, July 20, 1867. Ermentrout, Daniel; was born at Reading, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1837; received a collegi ate education; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1859; was elected District Attorney in 1862, and served three years; was City Solicitor from 1867 to 1870; was a State Senator from 1873 to 1880; was for many years a member of the Board of School Control of Reading; was frequently a Delegate to Democratic State Conventions; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1880; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Errett, Russell ; was born in New York in 1817; was self-educated; removed to Pennsylvania in 1829; adopted the profession of an editor; was Comptroller of Pittsburg. Pennsylvania, in 1860; Clerk of the State Senate in 1860 and 1861; served in the Union Army, as Additional Paymaster, from 1861 to 1866; was a State Senator in 1867; was Assessor of Internal Revenue from 1869 to 1873; again Clerk of the State Senate from 1872 to 1876; was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Erskine, John ; was born in Ireland ; resided at Atlanta, Georgia; in 1866 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Georgia. Ervin, James ; was born in South Carolina in October, 1778; graduated at Brown University in 1797; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1800; served in the State Legislature in 1801 and 1802, and from 1804 to 1816; was a Solicitor of the Northern Circuit; was, for eight years, a Trustee of *he South Carolina College; was a Representative in < Congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1821. t Died in 1841. Erving, George W.; was born in Boston, Mas sachusetts in 1771; went, with his father s family to England in 1776; was educated at Oxford, England, and, returning to his native country, was made Con sul to London by Jefferson; was Secretary of Lega tion to Spain in 1804; Special Minister to Denmark in 1811; Minister to Spain in 1814. Died in New York, July, 1850. Erwin, David ; was an early emigrant to Michi gan; in 1832 was appointed Judge for the Territory of Michigan. Eskridge, Thomas P.; was an early emigrant to Arkansas; was a man of good education and a law- i yer; was appointed United States Judge for the Ter ritory, serving in that capacity as late as 1831. Estil, Benjamin ; was born in Washington Coun ty, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1827. Esty, Constantino C.; was born in Framing- ham, Massachusetts, December 26, 1824; graduated at Yale College in 1845; was admitted to the bar in 1847; was a member of the State Senate in 1857 and 1858, and of the House in 1867; was appointed As sessor of Internal Revenue in 1862, and removed in 1866; re-appointed in 1867, and resigned in 1872; was appointed a member of the State Board of Edu cation in 1871 ; was elected to the Forty-second Con gress, as a Representative from Massachusetts. Etheridge, Emerson; was born in Currituck, North Carolina, September 28, 1819; when thirte -n years of age removed to Tennessee, where he re ceived a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840; in 1845 was elected to the State Legislature for two years, and was at once nominated for Speaker, but was defeated by two votes; in 1853 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty- third Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty -fourth Congress; also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Cohimittee on Indian Aftairs; on the meeting of the Thirty-seventh Congress was elected clerk of the House of Representatives; subse quently devoted much of his time to the study of philosophy, as well as to the practice of his pro fession. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 161 Eustis, George, Jr.; was born in Louisiana; was educated at Harvard University; practiced law in New Orleans; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Commerce; during; the Rebellion served as Private Secretary to John M. Mason, when Confederate Commissioner to France. Died in Europe. His father, bearing the same name, was an eminent judge in Louisiana. Eustis, James B.; was born in New Orleans, August 27, 1834; received a classical education; studied and practiced law; served in the Confederate Army throughout the War of the Rebellion; was elected a Representative in the Legislature prior to the passage of the reconstruction acts; was one of the Committee to confer with President Johnson "on Louisiana affairs; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872; was elected to the State Senate for four years in 1874; was elected to the United States Senate to fill a vacancy, and served from De cember, 1877, to March, 1879; in 1885 was elected United States Senator from Louisiana for the full term of six years. Eustis, "William ; was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 10, 1753; after graduating at Harvard College, in 1782, studied medicine with Dr. Joseph Warren; at the beginning of the war was ap pointed Surgeon of a regiment, and afterwards Hos pital Surgeon; in 1777, and during most of the war, he occupied, as a hospital, the spacious house of Colonel Robinson, a royalist, opposite West Point; Arnold had his headquarters in the same house; at the termination of the war commenced the practice of his profession in Boston; in 1800 was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving until 1805; in 1809 was appointed Secretary of War by President Madison, and continued in office until 1813, when, on account of the surrender of Hull, he resigned; in 1815 was sent as Ambassa dor to Holland; after his return was a Representative in Congress from 1820 to 1823; was chosen Governor of Massachusetts in 1823, and died in Boston, after a shortfillness, February 6, 1825. Evans, Alexander ; was born in Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, his ancestors having settled m that county more than a hundred years ago ; his edu cation was received at a village school until fifteen years of age, and his first avocation was that of a civil engineer; in 1842 commenced the study of law in his native town, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; was a Representative in Congress from Mary land, from 1847 to 1853; in 1842 was elected Corre sponding Member of the National Institute at Wash ington, and in 1849 received the degree o. A.M. from Delaware College; in 1851 was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and also a member of the Historical Society of Baltimore. Evans, David E.; was elected a Representative from New York to the Twentieth Congress, but re signed, and P. L. Tracy was elected in his place. Evans, David B.; was born in Westmoreland, England, February 20, 1769; removed to South Car olina; was educated at Mount Zion College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1796; served in the State Legislature from 1800 to 1803; from 1804 to 1811 was Solicitor for the Middle District of South Caro lina; was a. Representative in Congress from that State, from 1813 to 1815; in 1818 and 1822 was a member of the State Senate; was for many years the President of a Bible Society, and also of Mount Zion Society. Died March 8, 1843. 11 Evans, George ; was born in Hallowell, Maine, January 12, 1797; graduated at Bowdoin College, September 3, 1815; was a lawyer by profession; was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine iu 1829; a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1841; United States Senator from Maine from 1841 to 1847; from 1849 to 1850 was a Commissioner of the Board of Claims against Mexico; Attorney-General of Maine in 1853, 1854, and 1856; died in Portland, April 6, 1867. During his service in the Senate he served with ability as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. Evans, I. Newton ; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1827; received an academic education; studied medicine; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1851, and at the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, in 1852; commenced practice at Johnsville, Pennsylvania, and subsequently removed to Hatboro, Pennsylvania; was elected a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association; also President of the Hatboro National Bank; was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fifth Congress; was also elected to the Forty -eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Evans, James Lafayette ; war; born in Harri son County, Kentucky, in 1825; emigrated to Indiana in 1837, and settled in Hancock County; received his education from a private tutor; began business as a merchant, engaging also in farming; was never an applicant for any office, but was elected a Represent ative from Indiana in the Forty -fourth Congress; re- elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Evans, John ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from Delaware, from 1776 to 1777. Evans, Joshua ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. Evans, Josiah J.; was born in the District of Marlborough, South Carolina, November 27, 1786; was for a time a merchant s clerk; graduated at South Carolina College in 1808; taught school for one year; studied law, and rose to a high legal position ; at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, was elected to the Legislature; by that body was made Solicitor for the State from his District, which position he held for thirteen years; in 1830 was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, which office he held until 1852, when he was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1859; was Chairman of the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims and on Contingent Ex penses of the Senate, and also a member of the Com mittees on Patents and on Naval Affairs. Died May 6, 1858, of disease of the heart, having, only an hour before his death, partaken of the hospitalities at din ner of his friend and colleague, Senator Hammond. Evans, Lemuel D.; was born in Tennessee; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Evans, Nathan ; was born in Belmont County, Ohio, June 24, 1804; received a common school edu cation, and studied law, being admitted to practice in 1831; was Prosecuting Attorney for Guernsey County for four years; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1847 to 1 1849. Evans, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1797 to 1801. Evans, "Walter; was born in Rowan County, Kentucky, September 18, 1842; received a common school education; studied law; entered the Union 162 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Army in 1861 and served throughout the Civil War after the close of the war engaged in the practice o: law at Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and was very suc cessful; was an unsuccessful candidate for Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1867; was Delegate to the Republican National Conventions 1863, 1872, and 1880; in 1871 was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature; in 1872 wa: elected a State Senator; removed to Louisville, and, in 1875, was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1879 was unsuccessful as the candidate of his party for Governor of the State; in May, 1883, was ap pointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue in the Treasury Department at Washington. Evarts, William M.; was born in Boston, Mas sachusetts, in February, 1818 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1837; studied law at Cambridge, and came to the bar in New York City in 1840; attained a high position as a lawyer; was the leading counsel em ployed to defend President Johnson in his trial be fore the Senate; was Attorney-General of the United States from July, 1868, to March, 1869, when he re signed; was one of the three lawyers appointed to defend the interests of the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva, in 1871, to settle the "Alabama Claims; " was one of the counsel who defended Henry Ward Beecher in 1875; in 1857 he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Union College; in November, 1875, was invited, by the Cen tennial Commission, to deliver the opening oration at the Exposition in 1876, the kindred honor, for recit ing a poem on that occasion, having been conferred upon Henry W. Longfellow; was Secretary of State tinder President Hayes from March 12, 1877, to March 5, 1881 ; resumed the practice of his profession ; in 1885 ,was elected United States Senator from New York for six years from March 4, 1885. Eve, Joseph ; was a citizen of Kentucky; in 1841 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Texas, where he remained until 1843. Eveleigh, Nicholas ; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1782. Everett, Alexander Hill ; was born March 19, 1790; graduated at Harvard University in 1806; was an usher in Phillips Exeter Academy; began to study law in Boston in 1807; was a member of the literary club that founded the Monthly Anthology;" in 1809 accompanied J. Q. Adams to St. Petersburg, as attache to the Legation, of which he became Secre tary in 1815; visited England in 1811; after a trip to Paris, returned home in 1812, and wrote some politi cal essays in favor of the war and against the Hart ford Convention; became Charge d Affaires at Brussels in J818; from 1825 to 1829 was Minister; in 1829 was editor and principal proprietor of the North American Review, to which he had long been a contributor; in vited Irving to Madrid, made him an attache to his Legation, and encouraged him in the preparation of his Spanish histories ; also aided Mr. Prescott in sim ilar pursuits; from 1830 to 1835 was a member of the State Legislature, taking an active part as a Demo cratic politician; in 1840 was sent on a confidential mission to Cuba; from 1845 until.his death was Com missioner to China; he was skilled in the languages and literature of modern* Europe, as well as philoso phy, diplomacy, and the law of nations; he published "Europe" in 1821, "America" in 1827, "New Views on Population" in 1822, a volume of Essays in 1845; also a small volume of poems and other minor publications; he received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1826. Died in Canton, China, June 29, 1847. Everett, Edward ; was born in Dorchester, Mas sachusetts, April, 1794; received his early education at Boston, and entered Harvard College when little more than thirteen years old, leaving it with first honors four years later, undecided as to a pursuit for life; ttrns 1 his attention for two years to the profes sion of dLvinity; in 1814 was invited to accept the new Professorship of Greek Literature at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with permission to visit Europe; ac cepted the office, and before entering on its duties, embarked at Boston for Liverpool; passed more than two years at the famous University of Gottingen, en gaged in the study of the German language and the branches of learning connected with his department; passed the winter of 1817-18 at Paris; the next spring again visited London, and passed a few weeks at Cambridge and Oxford; in the autumn of 1818 re turned to the continent, and divided the winter be tween Florence, Rome, and Naples; in the spring of 1819 made a short tour in Greece; came home in 1819, and entered at once upon the duties of his professorship ; soon after his return he became the editor of the North American Revieiv, a journal which, though sup ported by writers of great ability, had acquired only a limited circulation ; under its new editor the demand increased so rapidly that a second and sometimes a third edition of its numbers was required; in 1824 delivered the annual oration before the Phi-Beta- Kappa Society, at Cambridge, Massachusetts; this was the first of a series of orations and addresses de livered by him on public occasions of almost every kind during a quarter of a century, and afterwards collected in several volumes; up to 1824 he had taken no active interest in politics, but the constituency of Middlesex, Massachusetts, without any solicitation on his part, returned him to Congress; for ten years he sat in Congress, and was a working member; in 1835 retired from Congress, and was, lor four suc cessive years, chosen Governor of Massachusetts; in 1841 was appointed to represent the United States at the Court of St. James; although the Secretaryship of State at Washington was held by four different statesmen, of various politics, during his mission, he enjoyed the confidence and approbation of all; his scholarship was recognized by the bestowal of the degree of D.C.L. by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge; returned to America in 1845, and was chosen President of Harvard College, which office he resigned in 1849; on the death of Mr. Webster was appointed Secretary of State, by President Fillmore, which office he resigned for a seat in the Senate, serving from March, 1853, to May, 1854; this posi tion he also resigned, after which time, although leading the quiet life of a scholar, he greatly added to his reputation by delivering orations on the Life of Washington, and on other topics, all being for chari table purposes; he was the intimate friend of Daniel Webster, and wrote the best life extant of that dis tinguished man, whose collected writings he edited; in 1860 was nominated by the Union party as their andidatefor the office of Vice-President of the United States, but was defeated. Died in Boston, January 15, 1865. His last public position was that of Presi dential Elector in 1864. Everett, Horace ; was a native of Vermont; was )orn in 1780; was a lawyer by profession; settled in Windsor, and distinguished himself as one of the nost successful jury advocates in Vermont ; was State s Attorney for Windsor County from 1813 to i817; served in the State Legislature in 1819, 1820, .822, 1823, 1824, and 1834; was a prominent mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1828; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1843; lie title of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him. Died at Windsor, Vermont, January 30, 1851. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 163 Everhart, James Bo wen ; was born in Ches ter County, Pennsylvania; received his early educa tion at Bolmar s Academy, at West Chester, and graduated from Princeton College in 1842; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; commenced prac tice in West Chester; three years later went to Eu rope, and, after several months study at the Univers ity of Berlin, traveled extensively ; in 1876 was elected a State Senator, and was re-elected in 1880; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Everhartt, William; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855; the circumstance is related . of this gentleman, that it was his misfortune, many years ago, to be wrecked on the coast of Ireland, where he and five other survivors were treated with great kindness, and that during the famine in Ireland a few years ago, he, at his own expense, loaded a ship with provisions and sent her to Ireland, by way of expressing his gratitude. Evins, John H.; was born in Spartanburg Coun ty, South Carolina, July 18, 1830; graduated at South Carolina College in 1853; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1856; served in the Confed erate Army during the war of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; served as a member of the State House of Representatives for two terms; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Ewbank, Thomas ; was born at Barnard Castle, Durham, England, March 11, 1792; at the age of thir teen was apprenticed to a tin and copper smith; emi grated to New York in 1819, and commenced the manufacture of metallic tubing there; retired from the business in 1836 to engage in literary and scien tific pursuits; published, in 1840; " Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and other Ma chines;" in 1845 visited Brazil, and published "Life in Brazil;" was Commissioner of Patents from 1849 to 1852; published "The World a Workshop" in 1855; "Thoughts on Matter and Force," in 1858; "Reminiscences in the Patent Office " in 1859; con tributed to the "Transactions of the Franklin Insti tute;" his " Experiments on Marine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling Blades," was re printed in Europe; was a member of the Commission to report upon the strength of the marbles used in the Capitol Extension, and discovered the method of greatly increasing the resisting power of building- stones; was the founder of the Ethnological Society. Died in New York, September 16, 1870. Swing, Andrew ; was born in Tennessee; w r as a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851 ; took part in the Rebellion. Ewing, Charles ; was born in Burlington Coun ty, New Jersey, July 8, 1780; graduated at the New Jersey College in 1798; was admitted to the bar in 1802, and practiced law at Trenton; became a Coun cilor in 1812; was Chief Justice of the State from 1824 to his death, which occurred at Trenton, New Jersey, August 5, 1832; received the degree of LL.D. from Jefferson College. Ewing, Edwin H.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1847; took part in the Rebellion. Ewing, Hugh ; was a citizen of Kansas; in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to the Netherlands, returning to the United States in 1870. Swing 1 , John ; was born at sea, while his parents were on their way from Ireland to Baltimore; was bred to mercantile pursuits, but acquired a taste for literature; served in both branches of the Legislature of Indiana; was a Representative of that State in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. Died suddenly and alone, at Vincennes, in the winter of 1857, leaving on his table these lines : "Here lies a man who loved Ins friends. His God, his country, and Vincennes." Swing, John H.; was born in Pennsylvania: was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. Ewing 1 , Presley; was born in Kentucky; liber ally educated; twice served in the Legislature of Kentucky; was a Representative from that State to the Thirty-third Congress. Died at the Mammoth Cave, September 27, 1854. Swing, Thomas ; was born near West Liberty, Ohio County, Virginia, December 28, 1789; received his early education chiefly from an elder sister; with his father s family, settled in the wild* of Ohio, about 1792, where he enjoyed the advantages of a winter school and an academy; his life, during his youth and early manhood, was one of continuous toil; in 1814 was a school-teacher; in 1815 received the degree of A. B. from the Athens Academy, the first ever granted in Ohio; studed law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1816, practicing with success in the courts of Ohio and the Supreme Court of the United States; in 1830 was elected to a seat in the United States Senate from Ohio, where he remained until 1837; was a member of President Harrison s Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury in 1841; on the accession of President Taylor to the Presidency, in 1849, was invited into the Cabinet, and took charge of the new Department of the Interior; in 1850 was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, where he remained until 1851, when he retired from political life and resumed the practice of his profes sion in Ohio; was a Delegate to the "Peace Con gress" of 1861; also chosen a Delegate to the Phila delphia "National Union Convention" in 1866, but did not take part in its proceedings; left two sons, who have been distinguished in public atfairs. Died in Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1871. Swing, Thomas, Jr.; was born in Lancaster, Ohio, August 7, 1829; was educated at Brown Uni versity and at the Cincinnati Law School; was ap pointed the Private Secretary of President Taylor in 1849; removed to Kansas in 1856; was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that Territory; was a member of the Constitutional Con vention of the new State; in 1862 entered the Union Army as a Colonel, and after participating in several campaigns and battles was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1864; after the Rebellion settled in Washington, where he practiced law; returning to Ohio, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1873; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses. Ewing, "William, L. D.; was a Senator in Con gress from Illinois, by appointment, from 1836 to 1837. Died March 25, 1846, aged fifty-one years, while holding the office of State Auditor. Eyster, C. S.; was born in Pennsylvania; was appointed from that State an Associate Justice of the United States Court tor the Territory of Colorado, residing in Denver. 164 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Fair, Elisha Y.; was a citizen of Alabama, and in 1&58 was appointed Minister Resident to Belgium, remaining in that position until 1861. Fair, James Graham ; was born near Belfast, Ireland, December 3, 1831 ; emigrated, with his par ents, to the United States in 1843, and settled in Illinois; received a good education; in 1849 removed to California and engaged in mining; in 1860 removed to Nevada and became interested in valuable silver inines; was elected a Senator of the United States from Nevada for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Fairbanks, Erastus ; was born at Brimfield, Massachusetts, October 28, 1792; received a common school education; taught school in St. Johnsbury, Vermont; engaged in business, and in 1825 formed a partnership with his younger brother for the manu facture of platform scales. The enterprise proved successful, and gained a world-wide reputation; was a member of the Legislature from 1836 to 1838; Pres ident of the Passumpsic and Connecticut River Rail road Company in 1849; Governor of Vermont in 1852 and 1833, and again in 1860 and 1861. Died at St. Johnsbury, November 20, 1864. Fairbanks, Horace ; was born in Barnet, Ver mont, March 21, 1820; in 1825 removed, with his father s family, to St. Johnsbury, Vermont; received a common school and academic education; in 1838 became a clerk and agent for E. and T. Fairbanks & Co., the great scale manufacturers; in 1843 was admitted to a partnership in the firm; afterwards became President of the E. and T. Fail-bank s Scale Company; in 1864 was elected a Director, andVice- President of the First National P.ank of St. Johns- bury, and so continued; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; a State Senator in 1869; a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1864 and 1872; in 1876 was elected Governor of Vermont and served two years. Fairchild, Charles S.; was born at Cazenovia, Madison County, New York, April 30, 1842; his early education was received at the Cazenovia Seminary; in 1859 entered Harvard College, graduating there from in 1863, and from Harvard Law School in 1865; was admitted to the bar and settled at Albany, New York, in the practice of law; in 1874 was appointed Deputy Attorn ey-General of the State of New York; vipon the completion of his term, was nominated by his party, for the office of Attorney-General and was elected; during his administration of this office the famous "Canal Ring" suits were carried to a suc cessful issue and the State was relieved from the machinations of this clique of plunderers, after the expiration of his term of office Mr. Fairchild spent two years in European travel and then settled in New York City in the practice of his profession; in 1885 was appointed, by President Cleveland, Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury Department. Fairchild, Lucius ; was born at Franklin Mills, Portage County, Ohio, December 27, 1831; was ap pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Second Iowa Infantry in June, 1861 ; Captain Sixteenth United States In fantry, August, 1861 ; commanded an Iowa regiment in McClellan s and Pope s campaigns, and was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers in August, 1862; was Secretary of State of Wisconsin in 1864 and 1865, and Governor in 1866 and 1867; in 1880 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, where he remained until 1882. Fairfield, John ; was born in Saco, Maine, Jan uary 30, 1797; received a common school education; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1826: in 1832 was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court; from 1835 to 1839 was a Representa tive in Congress from Maine: was Governor of the State during the years 1839, 1840, 1842, and 1843; was elected a Senator in Congress, in 1843, to fill a vacancy; in 1845 was re-elected for a term of six years. Died at Washington, December 24, 1847, after a surgical operation for the relief of a local com plaint. Faran, James J.; was born in Ohio; resided at Cincinnati; was a Eepresentative from Ohio to the Thirtieth Congress; subsequently became one of the proprietors of the Cincinnati Enquirer. Farlee, Isaac G-.; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Farley, E. "Wilder; was born in Maine, in 1818; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1836; studied la\vj was in the State Legislature in 1845, and from 1851 to 1853; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1853 to 1855; served in the State Senate in 1856. Farley, James Thompson ; was born in Vir ginia, August 6, 1829; received a common school education; removed, when a boy, to Missouri, ami thence to California; studied and practiced law; was a member of the California Assembly in 1855 and 1856, the latter year Speaker of the House; was elected a State Senator in 1860 and served, by re- elections, eight years; was President pro tcm, for one session; was elected a Senator of the United States from California for the term of six years from Marc 1879. Died at Jackson, California, January 1886. Farlin, Dudley ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1835 to 1837. Died at Warrensburg, New York, September 26, 1837. Farnham, Roswell ; was born iu| Boston, Mas sachusetts, July 23, 1827; removed, with his parents, to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1830, and thence to Bradford, Vermont, in 1840; received an academic and collegiate education, graduating from the Uni versity of Vermont in 1849; received the degree of A. M., from that institution, in 1852; taught school; studied law, and commenced practice at Bradford in 1857; was elected State s Attorney for Orange County in 1859, and re-elected in 1860 and 1861 ; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1863, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; was elected State Sena tor in 1868 and 1869; was a member of the State Board of Education in 1873, 1874, and 1875; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876, and a Presidential Elector the same year; was one of the Elective Trustees of the University of Vermont, and the State Agricultural College; was Governor of Vermont from 1880 to 1882. Farnsworth, John F.; was born in the town ship of Eaton, Lower Canada, March 27, 1820; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Illinois, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; in 1861 took part in the war as Colonel of Volunteers; raised and took into the field the Eighth Regiment of .Illinois Cav alry, serving in the Army of the Potomac until 1863; in 1863 and 1864 raised the Seventeenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers by order of the War Department; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was brevetted a Brigadier-General in 1862; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Appropriations, the South Carolina Mur ders, and Reconstruction, and as a liegent of the Smithsonian Institution; was a Delegate to the Pittsburg "Soldiers Convention " of 1866; was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Reconstruction and the Post Office; re- elected to the two subsequent. Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Post Office Committee. Farquhar, John H.; was born in Frederick County, Maryland, December 20, 1818; removed to Indiana with his father s family in 1833; from 1837 to 1840 served his adopted State as a Civil Engineer; studied law, and practiced the profession; in 1842 and 1843 -was Secretary of the Indiana Senate; was Chief Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 1844; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 18G1 was commissioned as Captain in the Nineteenth United States Infantry, in which capacity he served until 1864, when he resigned; and was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on the Militia. Farquhar, John M.; was born near Ayr, Scot land, April 17, 1832; was educated in the academy at Ayr; emigrated to the United States; engaged in the occupation of a printer; enlisted in the Union Army, in Ib61, as a private in the Eighty-ninth Illi nois Infantry; served throughout the Civil War, ris ing to the rank of Major, and acting as Judge-Advocate and an Inspector on Staff Duty ; after the close of the war resumed his connection with the press, and be came an editor and publisher; afterwards engaged in the business of manufacturing lubricants; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Farr, Evarts W.; was born at Littleton, New Hampshire, October 10, 1840; graduated at Thetford Academy, Vermont, in 1859, and entered Dartmouth College; entered the army at the breaking out of the Rebellion, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Major; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1867; was appointed Assessor of In ternal Revenue in 1870, and continued to serve until the office was abolished, in 1873; was Prosecuting Attorney for Grafton County in 1873 and 1876; was a member of the Executive Council in 1876; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died November 30, 1880. Farrelly, John "W.; was the son of Patrick Far- relly, and was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, in July, 1809; was a member of the State Legislature in 1828; a State Senator from 1838 to 1841; a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849; Sixth Auditor of the Treasury from 1849 to 1853. He was a man of marked character. Died in Washington. Farrelly, Patrick ; was born in Ireland in 1760; was a lawyer by profession ; \vas a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1826. Died January 12, 1826, at Meadville, Pennsylvania, be fore the expiration of his last term in Congress. Farrington, James ; was born in New Hamp shire in 1791; was a member of the State Legislature in 1830, 1832, and 1833; was a Representative in Con gress from 1837 to 1839. Died at Rochester, New York, October 29, 1859. Farrow, Samuel ; was born in Virginia in 1760; served in the Revolutionary War, and was wounded; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793; was elected to Congress IVorn South Carolina as a Representative for the terms from 1813 to 1817, but resigned in 1816; served in the State Legislature from 1817 to 1821. Died at Columbia, November 18, 1824. Far-well, Charles B.; was born in Painted Post, New York, July 1, 1823; educated at Elmira Academy; removed to Illinois in 1838; was em ployed in surveying and farming until 1844, when he engaged in business in Chicago; was elected County Clerk in 1853, and re-elected in 1857; subse quently engaged in mercantile pursuits; was ap pointed a member of the State Board of Equalization in 1867; Chairman of Board of Supervisors in 1868; was appointed National Bank Examiner in 1869; was elected to the Forty-second and two succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committee on Banking and Currency, and Chairman of that on Manu factures; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty -seventh Congress; declined a re-nomin ation. Farwell, Nathan A.; was born in the town of Unity, Maine, in 1812; received a public school edu cation; was a member of the State Senate in 1853, 1854, 1861, and 1862, presiding as President of that body during the latter year; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860, 1863, and 1864; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; in October of that year was appointed, and soon afterwards elect ed, a Senator in Congress from Maine, for the unex- pired term of William P. Fessenden, who had re signed, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Farwell, Sewall S.; was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, April 26, 1834; received an academic education; in 1852 removed to Iowa, and engaged in farming; served as a Captain in the Union Army from 1862 to 1865; was elected a State Senator in 1865 and served four years; was Assessor of Internal Revenue from 1869 to 1873; was Collector of Internal Revenue from 1875 to 1881; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-seventh Congress. Faulk, Andrew J. ; was born in Pennsylvania; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Dakota, in 1866, residing at Yankton, and remaining in office until 1869. Faulkner, Charles J.; was born in Berkeley County, Virginia, about the year 1806; received a collegiate education; came to the bar in 1829; in 1832 and 1833 was elected to the House of Delegates; soon afterwards appointed a Commissioner to report upon the boundary between Virginia and Maryland; in 1841 was elected to the Senate of Virginia, and in 1848 was again elected to the House of Delegates; in 1850 was a member of the Convention formed to re vise the Constitution of the State; in 1851 was elected a Representative in Congress; was re-elected to four successive Congresses; was, during the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, a member of the Com mittee to inquire into the sale of the Fort Snelling Reservation, also serving on the Committee on Mili tary Affairs, and in a subsequent Congress was Chair man of the Committee on Military Affairs; in Janu ary, 1860, was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to France; returned to America in 1861, and while in Washington, closing his affairs, w as ar rested and held as a hostage for the return of H. S. Magraw, of Pennsylvania, then a prisoner in Rich mond; was released from Fort Warren in December; I and exchanged for Alfred Ely, a member of Congress, 166 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in the civil war acted as Chief of Staff for General Stonewall Jackson, and wrote all his reports and dis patches; in 1872 was a member of the Convention to frame a Constitution for West Virginia; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Faxon, William ; was born in Hartford, Con necticut, April 17, 1822; brought up as a printer in the office of the Hartford Courant, of which paper he subsequently became one of the editors and propri- tetors; in 1856 established the Hartford Press, the first Republican paper in Connecticut; was Chief Clerk of the Navy Department from 1861 to 1866, and Assist ant Secretary of the Navy from 1866 to 1869, when he retired. Fay, Francis B.; was born in Massachusetts; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1842 and 1845; Mayor of Chelsea in 1857; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1852 to 1853. Fay, John ; was born in Worcester County, Mas sachusetts; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821. Fay, Jonas ; was born at Hardwick, Massachu setts, January 17, 1737; received a good education, and became clerk of a Massachusetts Company at Fort Edward in 1756; removed to Benningtou in 1766; was agent of the settlers on the New Hamp shire Grants in 1772, to confer with Governor Tryon, of New York, during the contest between that State and Great Britain in the organization of the State Government, and was Clerk to the Convention oi 1774; was Surgeon at the capture of Ticonderoga: was a member of the Convention of 1777, which de clared Vermont a State, and was author of the Decla ration submitted to Congress; was Secretary of the State Constitutional Convention of that year, and a member of the Council of Safety, member of the State Council from 1778 to 1785; Judge of the Su preme Court in 1782 ; Judge of Probate from 1772 to 1787; Agent of the State to Congress in 1777, 1779, 1781, and 1782. Died at Bennington, Vermont, March 6, 1818. Fay, Theodore Sedgwick ; was born in New York February 10, 1807; was admitted to the bar in 1838; preferred a literary life, and became editor of the New York Mirror; in 1832 published "Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man;" in 1833 went to Europe; spent three years there, and wrote the "Min ute Book, " a journal of travels; his first novel, "Nor man Leslie," was published in 1835; was United States Secretary of Legation at Berlin from 1837 to 1853; Resident Minister at Berne, Switzerland, from 1853 to 1860; his other publications were "The Countess Ida," in 1840; "Hoboken," in 1843; " Ulric, or the Voices," a poem, in 1851; "Sidney Clifton," in 1839; "Robert Rueful," in 1844; "Views of Christianity, " in 1856; a series of papers on Shakespeare, and a variety of fugitive pieces in prose and verse, and a " History of Switzerland. " Fearing 1 , Paul ; was born in Wareham, Massa chusetts, February 28, 1762; graduated at Harvard University in 1785; studied law, and emigrated to Ohio, where he became distinguished in his profes sion; settled in Marietta in 1788, after performing the journey from Baltimore over the mountains on foot; soon after his arrival was appointed United States Attorney for Washington County in that Territory; in 1797 was appointed Judge of Probate for his county ; was a member of the first Legislative Council of Ohio in 1799; in 1801 was chosen a Dele gate to Congress, serving until 1803; in 1814 was appointed Master Commissioner in Chancery, and from 1810 to 1817 was Judge in one of the State Courts; in 1808 engaged extensively in the raising of Merino sheep, producing the best description of wool, and stimulating others to engage in the business. Died August 21, 1822. Fearn, Walter; was born at Huntsville, Ala bama, January 13, 1832; in 1834 removed, with his parents, to Mobile, Alabama; received his early edu cation at the private academy of Doctor Norman Pinney, an eminent classical scholar; was graduated from Yale College with high honors in 1851 ; studied law; was admitted to the bar, at Mobile, in 1853; in 1854 went as Secretary to the United States Minister to Belgium; in 1856 was appointed Secretary of the Legation of the United States at Mexico; resigned in 1859 and resumed the practice of law at Mobile ; was in Europe as Secretary of the first Confederate Com mission when Fort Sumter was fired upon, in 1861; resigned and returned to the United States to enter the army, running the blockade at Charleston, South Carolina, under heavy fire, and was wrecked under the guns of Fort Moultrie; escaped, and was com missioned Captain and appointed on the staff of General Johnston; was again sent to Europe with Colonel Lamar; on his return was sent on a special mission to Mexico under General Preston, upon whose staff he served until the close of the war with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1866 removed to New Orleans, Louisiana, and continued the practice of law; was Professor of Spanish and Italian in the University of Louisiana, when, in 1885, was ap pointed, by President Cleveland, United States Min ister Resident and Consul General to Greece, Rou- mania, and Servia. Featherston, W. S. ; was born in Tennessee; on taking up his residence in Mississippi, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1851; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Brigadier-General. Felch, Alpheus ; was born in Limerick, York County, Maine, September 28, 1806; graduated at Bowdoin College, and adopted the law as a profes sion; emigrated to Michigan when quite young; was a member of the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837; was appointed Bank Commissioner of Michigan in 1838, and resigned in 1839; for a short time in 1842 was Auditor General of the State, but relinquished that position for a seat on the Bench of the Supreme Court of Michigan; in 1845 was elected Governor; resigned in 1847, and was elected a Senator in Con gress for six years; was appointed, by President Pierce, one of the Commissioners to settle Land Claims in California, under the Act of Congress, and the Treaty of Guadalnpe Hidalgo, in March. 1853, the business of which commission was closed by disposing of all the cases before it in March, 1856; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Felder, John M.; was born in Orangeburg Dis trict, South Carolina, July 7, 1782; graduated at Yale College in 1804; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808; was a member of the State Assem bly in 1812, and subsequently of the Senate; was a Trustee of South Carolina College; served as a Major of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1831 to 1835. Died at Union Point, September 1, 1851. Fell, John ; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Felton, Charles 1ST. ; was born in Erie County, New York, in 1832; received an academic education; took the California gold fever, in 1849, and went to BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 167 Marysville, in California, where he worked at mining for a time; in 1856 was Under-Sheriff of Yuba County, California; in 1857, was elected Tax Collector of that county; served two terms as a Representative in the California Legislature; served as officer of the United States Mint, at San Francisco, for six years, a part of the time as Assistant Treasurer, and the remainder as Treasurer of the Mint; in 1884, was elected a Repre sentative from California to the Forty-ninth Congress. Fenn, Stephen S.; was born at Watertown, Connecticut, March 28, 1820; removed to Niagara County, New York, in 1824; received a common school education; in 1841 removed to Jackson County, Iowa, and there held several county offices; in 1850 removed to California and engaged in various pursuits; thence, in 1862, to that part of Washington Territory which became a part of the Territory of Idaho upon the organization of that Territory, in 1863; engaged in mining, and practiced law; was a member of the Legislative Council of Idaho in 1864 and 1865; Dis trict Attorney in 1869; again in the Assembly in 1872, and served as Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives; turned his attention to agriculture; was elected a Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Fenner, Arthur ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1745: his ancestors were among the earli est inhabitants of Providence; was Clerk of the Su perior Court of the State; was chosen Governor in 1789. and served until his death, which occurred in Providence, October 15, 1805. Fenner, James ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1771; graduated at Brown University in 1789, from which institution he received the degree ot LL. D. ; was, for more than half a century, actively connected with the public affairs of his native State; was United States Senator from 1805 to 1807, when he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which office he held for four years; again elected in 1824, and served seven years, and was again elected in 1844; was a Presidential Elector in 1821, 1827, and 1837; was President of the Convention that formed the State Constitution in 1842. Died at Providence, April 17, 1846. Fenton, Reuben E.; was born in Carroll, Chau- tauqua County, New York, July 1, 1819; was edu cated at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies; studied law, but pursued the avocation of a mer chant; in 1843 was elected Supervisor of the town of Carroll; was elected a Representative in the Thirty- third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from New York, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; resigned to accept the Govern orship of New York for 1865 and 1866, to which he had been elected ; was re-elected to the same position ; in 1869 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1875. Died at Jamestown, New York, August 25, 1885. Ferdon, John W.; was born at Piermont, New York, in 1828; graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1847; graduated in law in 1851; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1855; a State Senator in 1856 and 1857; a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1864 and 1876; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died August 6, 1884. Ferguson, Fenner; was born in Rensselaet County, New York, April 25, 1814; his education was academic; was a lawyer by profession; was Master in Chancery in Albany, New York, in 1844; also Master in Chancery in Michigan; a member of the Michigan Legislature, and Prosecuting Attorney ; June 29, 1854, was appointed, by President Pierce, Chief Justice of the Territory of Nebraska, which office he resigned, after being elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that Territory. Died at Bellevue, Nebraska Territory, in November, 1859. Ferrell, Thomas M.; was born at Glassboro, New Jersey, June 20, 1844; was principally self-edu cated; was employed in a glass factory from his boy hood; was a member of a Township Committee in 1872 and 1873; was a Trustee of the public schools from 1874 to 1879; was a member of the State As sembly in 1879 and 1880; a State Senator in 1881 ; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-eighth Congress. . Ferris, Charles Gr. ; was born in New York ; >^ was a Representative in Congress from that State A N from 1841 to 1843. Ferriss, Orange; was born at Glenn s Falls, Warren County, New York, November 26, 1814; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1836 ; v studied law and came to the bar in 1840; in 1841 was appointed Surrogate of his county for four years; inv-, 1851 was elected, under the new Constitution, Judge of Warren County, and twice re-elected, holding the office twelve years in all ; towards the close of the Rebellion was appointed Provost-Marshal for his dis trict, but declined; in 1866 was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, J serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws, Mines and Mining, and Weights and Measures; v was re-elected to the Forty -first Congress, and x made Chairman of the Committee on Mines and\. Mining; was subsequently appointed on a commis- V sion to adjudicate Southern claims; in May, 1880, / was appointed Second Auditor of the United States/ Treasury. / Ferry, Orris S.; was born in Bethel, Connecticut, August 15, 1823; graduated at Yale College in 1844; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1846; in 1847 received the appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Division Connecticut Militia; in 1849 was appointed Judge of Probate for the District of Norwalk; was elected to the State Senate in 1855 and 1856; in 1856 was appointed State s Attorney for the county of Fairfield, which position he continued to fill until 1859, when he was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-sixth Congress from Connecticut, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims, and the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States; served with distinc tion as a Colonel and Brigadier-General in the war for the Union ; in 1866 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing March, 1867, and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Patents and the Patent Office, Public Build ings and Grounds, and Territories; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866 and to the "Soldiers Convention," held at Pitts- burg; in 1872 was re-elected to the United States Senate for six years, for a second full term, and was Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Died in South Norwalk, Connecticut, November 21, 1875. Ferry, Thomas "W.; was born in Mackinac, Michigan, June 1, 1827; was self-educated; in 1850 was elected to the State Legislature; to the State Senate in 1856; for eight years was an active member 168 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. of the Republican State Committee; was a Delegate- at-Large to the "Chicago Convention" of 1860, and a Vice-President; in 1863 was appointed Commis sioner for Michigan of the Soldiers National Ceme tery at Gettysburg; in 1864 was elected a Representa tive from Michigan to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, the Militia, and the War Debts of Loyal States; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; re-elected to the Forty -iirst and Forty- second Congresses, but did not take his seat in the latter, as he was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1877, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Rules, and on those on Finance and Post Office; during the second session of the Forty- third Congress was President of the Senate pro tern.; was re-elected Senator for the term ending in 1883. Fessenden, Samuel C.; was born in New Gloucester, Maine, March 7, 1815; graduated at Bo w- doin College in 1834, and completed his education at the Baugor Theological Seminary in 1837; in 1838 was ordained and installed as Pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Thomaston, now Rockland, and dismissed, at his own request, in 1856; during that year he established the Maine Evangelist; in 1858 entered upon the practice of law; soon after was elested Judge of the Municipal Court of Rockland; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on the District of Columbia, Government Employes, and Unfinished Business; in 1865 was ap pointed a member of the Board of Examiners of the Patent Office. Fessenden, T. A. D.; was born in Portland, Maine. January 23, 1826; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1845; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Convention which nominated General Fremont for President; in 1858 was ap pointed Aid -de-camp to the Governor of Maine; in 1860 was elected to the Maine Legislature; in 1861 was chosen Attorney for the county of Androscoggin, which position he held until 1862, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty- seventh Congress, for the un expired term of C. W. Walton, resigned, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Died in Lewiston, Maine, September 28, 1868. Fessenden, William Pitt; -was born in Bos- cawen, New Hampshire, October 16, 1806; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Portland in 1827; was a mem ber of the Maine Legislature in 1832 .and in 1840; was a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, declining further service; was again in the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and in 1853 and 1854; was elected a Senator in Congress for six years, from March, 1853, serving as a member of the Committee on Finance; in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, on the Library Committee, and also as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; was a mem ber in 1832 of the Convention which nominated Henry Clay for President, and also of the Conven tions which nominated Generals Taylor and Scott. During the summer of 1858 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Bowdoin College, of which institution he was a Trustee; was also a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861; in September, 1864, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of the Treasury, in the place of S. P. Chase, resigned; soon afterwards received from Harvard University the degree of LL.D; in 1864 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1865 and end ing in 1871; resigned his position in the cabinet, and resumed his seat in the Senate March 4, 1865, and was again placed at the head of the Committee on Finance; at the succeeding session of Congress was made Chairman of the Special Joint Committee on Reconstruction, so called, and was the author of the report of that Committee, recommending an Amendment to the Constitution ; was also a member of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and of that on the Library, and made Chairman of the Commit tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Died in Port land, September 8, 1869. Few, "William ; was born in Maryland, June 8, 1748; when ten years of age removed, with his father, to North Carolina, where he received a good educa tion; was a Colonel in the Revolutionary Army, and distinguished himself in several actions with the British and Indians; settled in Georgia in 1776; in 1778 was Surveyor-General of the State, and Presid ing Judge of the Richmond County Court; in 1780 was sent as Delegate to Congress, and remained in that body until the peace; was again appointed in 1786; in the next year assisted in forming the Na tional Constitution, which he duly signed; after its adoption was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1789 to 1793; in 1796 was a member of the Con vention which framed the Constitution of the State of Georgia; subsequently served upon the Bench in the Legislature of that State; during the latter years of his life resided in the city of New York, of which he was Mayor; was elected to the Legislature of New York; also held the office of Commissioner of Loans. Died at Fishkill, New York, July 16, 1828. Ficklin, Orlando B.; was a native of Kentucky; born in 1808; received a plain English education; studied law, and graduated at the Transylvania Law School; commenced to practice in 1830, in Moiint Carmel, Illinois; in 1834 was a member of the Legis lature: was Attorney for the AVabash Circuit in 1835; in 1838 and in 18-12 was again elected to the Legisla ture; in 1843 was elected a Representative in Con gress from Illinois, serving six consecutive years, and was again elected in 1850; in 1853 was Colonel of Militia; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector. Fiedler, William H. P.; was born in New York City, August 25, 1847; at the age Of fifteen Avas ap prenticed to the trade of a hat-finisher; on reaching his majority became a clerk in a hat store; four years later embarked in the hat and cap business at New ark, New Jersey, and was very successful; in 1876 was elected an Alderman of the city of Newark; in 1877 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature, and was re-elected in 1878; in the same year was again elected Alderman; in 1879 was elected Mayor of Newark, serving two years; was unani mously re-nominated in 1881, but was defeated; in 1882 was, a third time, elected to the State Assem bly, to fill a vacancy; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-eighth Congress. Field, David Dudley; was born at Haddam, Connecticut, February 13, 1805; in 1809 removed, with his father, to Stockbridge, Massachusetts; re ceived a classical education, graduating at Williams College in 1824; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in New York City; in 1857 was appointed, by the Legislature, Chairman of a Commission to prepare a new code of laws; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the resignation of Smith Ely, Jr. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 169 Field, Maunsell B.; was born in New York; was a man of culture and an author of some reputation; was appointed Second Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in 1864. Died in New York before the close of that year. Field, Moses W.; was born in Watertown, Jeff erson County, New York, February 10, 1828; re ceived a good education; worked on a farm; removed to Michigan, and was a merchant in Detroit for twenty-five years ; was elected Alderman and served two terms; was Chairman of the Board of School Inspectors; was elected to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor and Manufactures; in 1875 presented to the city of Detroit a lot of forty acres of land for a pub"- lic park. Field, Richard S.; was born in New Jersey ; held a seat in the United States Senate from that State, for a few months, in 1862 and 1863, by appointment, in place of J. R. Thompson, deceased ; was then ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists Convention" of 18G6. Died at Princeton, New Jersey, May 25, 1870. Field, Stephen J.; was born in Haddam, Con necticut, November 4, 1816; a son of David Dudley Field; while yet a youth traveled in Europe and the East; graduated at Williams College in 1837; studied law in New York City with his brother, David Dud ley, Jr., with whom he formed a law partnership; in 1848 made a second visit to Europe; toward the close of 1849 went to California; in January, 1850, was elected First Alcalde of the city of Marysville and continued the practice of his profession; in October of the same year was elected to the Legislature, where he took a leading part in modeling the judicial sys tem of the State; in 1857 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of California for six years, and was elevated to the position of Chief Justice; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; in the discharge of his official duties, he was obliged to travel, an nually, over thirteen thousand miles; brother of Cyrus W. Field, the distinguished projector of the Atlantic telegraph. Field, Walbridge A.; was born at Springfield, Vermont, April 26, 1833; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1855; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Boston Massachusetts, in I860, and com menced practice there; was Assistant United States Attorney from 1865 to 1869; was then appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States; re signed in 1870; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fifth Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by Benjamin Dean; was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Fields, William C.; was born in the city of New York, February 13, 1804; received a common school education: adopted the business of a merchant and a manufacturer; was for three years Clerk of Otsego County, sixteen years a Justice of the Peace in the Town of Laurens and subsequently Supervisor of the town; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Accounts. Fillmore, Millard; was born January 7, 1800, at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, in the State of New York; at an early age was sent to Livingston County, at that time a wild region, to learn the clothier s trade, and about four mouths later was apprenticed to a wool-carder in the town in which his father lived; during the four years that he worked at his trade he did what he could to supply the de fects of his early education ; at the age of nineteen commenced the study of law, and devoted a portion of his time to teaching school; in 1821 removed to Erie County, and pursued his legal studies in the city of Buffalo; two years later was admitted to the Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of tlie law at Aurora, in the same county; in 1827 was ad mitted as an Attorney, and in 1829 as a Councilor in the Supreme Court; in the following year removed to Buffalo; his political life commenced with his elec tion to the State Assembly, in which he took his seat in 1829; in 1832 was elected to Congress, and took his seat in the following year; in 1835, at the close of his term in office, resumed the practice of the law; was again elected to Congress in 1837; during this term he took a more prominent part in the business of the House than during his former term, and was assigned a place on the Committee on Elections; was successively re-elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses; at the close of the first session of the Twenty-seventh Congress declined a re-election, returned to Buffalo, and a<gain devoted himself to his profession; in 1847 was elected to the office of Comptroller of the State; in 1848 was nomin ated by the Whigs as their candidate for Vice- President, and was elected to that office in the autumn of the same year; in March, 1849, resigned his office as Comptroller, to assume the duties of his new position, where he remained until the death of President Taylor in July, 1850, by which he was elevated to the Presidency ; his term of office expired March 4, 1852; after his retirement from public life he visited Europe; in 1869 was President of the Com mercial Convention, at Louisville, Kentucky. Died at Bui falo, March 8, 1872. Finch, Isaac ; was a native of New York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1822 and 1824; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. Findlay, James ; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, about 1775; emigrated to Cincinnati in 1793; was one of the Legislative Council of the Territory in 1798; a prominent Democratic leader; often a member of the Legislature; was Receiver of Public Moneys in Cincinnati District from the first establishment of Land Offices until 1824; was Colonel of the Second Ohio Volunteers in 1812, serving under General Hull at Detroit; was a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1833; was Candidate for Gov ernor in 1834. Died at Cincinnati, December 28. 1835. Findlay, John ; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a brother of James and Wil liam Findlay, who also were in Congress; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1827. Findlay, John V. L. ; was born near Williams- port, Maryland, December 21, 1839; was prepared for college at Williamsport; graduated at Princeton College in 1858; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1860, and settled there in the practice of law; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1861 and 1G2; in 1866 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue at Balti more ; was, for several years, a Director, on the part of the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland, in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company; was City Solicitor from 1876 to 1878; was the orator for Maryland at the Centennial Exposition in 1876; was 170 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Findlay, William; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; was Governor of Pennsyl vania from 1817 to 1820; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1827. Died November 14, 1846, aged seventy-eight years. Findlay, William ; came in early life from Ireland ; in the Revolution engaged with zeal in the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of the war removed to Pennsylvania; was a member of the Convention which framed the new Constitution of Pennsylvania; was a member of Congress from that State from 1791 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1817 ; opposed the administration of Mr. Adams, and supported Mr. Jefferson ; published a Review of the Funding Sys tem in 1794, and a History of the insurrection of the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania," in 1796. Died at Unity Township, Greensburg, April 5, 1821, aged upwards of seventy. Fine, John ; was born in New York, August 26, 1784; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1809; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and settled in St. Lawrence County, New York; was a Judge in that county for eighteen years, from 1821 to 1839, and again in 1844; was County Treasurer from 1821 to 1833; a State Senator in 1848; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841 ; pub lished a volume of law lectures. Died in Ogdens- burg, January 4, 1867. Finerty, John F.; was born in Gal way, Ireland, September 10, 1846; was educated mainly by private tutors; came to the United States in 1864, settling in New York; joined the State Militia; volunteered under the last call of President Lincoln for one hundred days service in 1864; subsequently en gaged in journalism and settled in Chicago, Illi nois; was field correspondent of the Chicago Times in four Indian wars, including the campaign against Sitting Bull in 1876, and the famous Sibley scout in the Big Horn Mountains; narrowly escaped massacre in the last campaign; traveled in Mexico and the various States and Territories of the United States until 1881; never held political office until elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- eighth Congress. Fink, William E.; was born in Ohio in 1822; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of that State when twenty -one years of age; in 1851 was elected to the Senate of Ohio; in 1852 was a member of the National Convention which nominated General Scott for the Presidency; in 1861 was again elected a State Senator; in 1862 was chosen a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Post Offices and Post Roads; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Roads and Canals; also re-elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill a vacancy. Finkelnburg, GK A.; was born near Cologne, in Prussia, April 6, 1837; emigrated with his family to this country in 1848, and settled in Missouri; at tended the St. Charles College, in Missouri, and gradu ated in the Law Department of the Ohio University, at Cincinnati, in 1859; came to the bar in 1860; served one year in the Volunteer Army during the Rebellion; was elected to the State Legislature in 1864; re-elected, and acted as Speaker pro tcm.; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce and Revision of Laws; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. Finley, Ebenezer B.; was born at Orrville, Ohio, July 31, 1833; studied law, and commenced practice, in 1862, at Bucyrus, Ohio; served in the Union Army as an officer during the War of the Rebellion; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Finney, Darwin A. ; was born in Shrewsbury, Vermont, in 1814; removed to Pennsylvania when young, and graduated at Meadville College; received a good education; studied law and devoted himself to the practice of the profession; was a member for several years of the Assembly and Senate of Pennsy L- vania; in 1866 was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Died in Europe, July 25, 1868. Fish, Hamilton ; was born in New York City, August 3, 1808; graduated at Columbia College in 1827; studied law and came to the bar in 1830; was for several years a Commissioner of Deeds for the City and County of New York; in 1837 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; in 1847 was elected to the State Senate to fill a vacancy; was Governor of New York from 1848 to 1850; was a Senator in Con gress from 1851 to 1857; in 1862 was appointed one of a Board of Commissioners to relieve Union prison ers in the Southern States, and succeeded in negotiat ing an exchange of prisoners; in 1869 went into the Cabinet of President Grant as Secretary of State; took a conspicuous part in negotiating a settlement of the Alabama Claims and one or two important treaties in 1871 and 1872; from the time he left the Senate until he became Secretary of State he traveled in Europe and devoted himself chiefly to the cultiva tion of his taste for art and literature, and was for a time President of the New York Historical Society; his father, Nicholas, was a man of ability, distin guished as an officer in the Revolutionary War; sub sequently attained the rank of Adjutant-General; was a personal friend of Washington, whose confi dence he possessed in a high degree. Fish, Nicholas ; was born in New York City, February 19, 1846; graduated from Columbia Col lege in 1867, and from Harvard Law School in 1869; was admitted to the bar in the latter year, and en gaged in the practice of law in his native city; in 1871 was appointed Assistant Secretary of Legation at Berlin, Germany; in 1874 was promoted to the post of Secretary of that Embassy; frequently acted as Charge d Affaires to Switzerland from 1877 to 1881, when he resigned; in 1882 was appointed Minister Resident to Belgium. Fisher, Charles ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 20, 1789; received an aca demic education, and studied law, but did not practice to any extent; commenced public life by going into the State Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected to Congress from North Carolina; in 1821 was again, elected to the State Legislature, where he served almost continuously until 1836; was a Delegate to the Convention to amend the State Constitution in 1835; from 1839 to 1841 was again a Representative in Congress. Died at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mississippi, May 7, 1849, while returning home from an extended tour in the South-west. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 171 Fisher, David ; was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1794; received an English education, chiefly in a log school house; was reared to clearing land and farming in Ohio; was also a lay preacher; in 1842 was elected to the Legisla ture of Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1845 to 1847; his chair in the House of Representatives was next to that of the late John Quincy Adams, and when that great statesman fainted at his desk, two days before his death, he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher. Fisher, Georg-e ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1829 to 1830; a member of the New York Assembly, from Tioga County, in 1835. Fisher, Georg-e P.; was born in Milford, Kent County, Delaware, October 13, 1817; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1838; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; in 1840 was Clerk of the Delaware Senate; in 1843 and 1844 was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives; in 1846 became Secretary of State of Delaware; in 1849 went into the State Department at Washington as the Confidential Clerk of Secretary Clayton; in 1850 was appointed, by President Taylor, a Commis sioner to settle claims against Brazil, which office expired in 1852; from 1857 to 1860 held the position of Attorney-General of the State of Delaware; was elected .a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Aifairs ; was subsequently ap pointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Su preme Court for the District of Columbia, which position he resigned to accept that of District Attor ney; was removed from office in 1875. Fisher, Hendrick; was a Delegate from New .Jersey to the Colonial Congress which met in New York in 1765. Fisher, Horatio GK; was born at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1838; graduated at La Fay- ette College, Pennsylvania, in 1855; engaged in vari ous pursuits; was a member of Councils from 1862 to 1865; County Auditor from 1865 to 1868; Burgess from 1874 to 1877; in 1876 was elected a State Sena tor for the term of four years; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Fisher, John ; was born in Maryland ; received a good education; studied law and settled in Dela ware; was appointed United States Judge for that District, in 1812, by President Madison. Fisher, John; was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, March 13, 1806; spent his boyhood work ing on his father s farm; subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits: spent about twenty -one years in Hamilton, Canada, where he had charge of an iron manufacturing establishment; was a member of the City Council and over which city he presided as Mayor; in 1856 returned to New York, and settled at Batavia; was subsequently engaged as a State Com missioner in erecting the buildings for the New York State Institution for the Blind, in Batavia; was also the President of a Fire Insurance Company; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Fisher, Joseph "W.; was born in Pennsylvania; emigrated to Wyoming Territory and settled at Cheyenne; in 1871 was appointed United States Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Wyoming. Fisher, Spencer O.; was born at Camden, Michigan, February 3, 1843; was chiefly educated at the common schools; attended Albion College one year, and Hillsdale College one year; engaged in the business of lumbering and banking at West Bay City, Michigan; was Mayor of West Bay City from 1881 to 1884; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884; in the same year was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-ninth Congress. Fisher, S. S.J was Commissioner of the United States Patent Office from April, 1869, to November, 1870. Fisk, James ; was born about the year 1762; re ceived a limited education; studied law, and from his superior natural talent, rose to eminence in his profession; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the Judges of the Su preme Court of Vermont; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1817 and 1818, and resigned; in 1812 was appointed, by President Madison, Judge of the Territory of Indiana, and in 1817 Collector of the Port of Alburg, which office he held eight years. Died December 1, 1844. Fisk, Jonathan ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Fitch, Asa ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813. Fitch, Graham N.; was born in Le Roy, Gene- see County, New York, in December, 1810; received his education at Middlebury and Geneva, but did not graduate; studied medicine, and was a Medical Pro fessor in the Rush Medical College at Chicago, Illi nois, from 1844 to 1849; in 1844, 1848, and 1856, was chosen a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 and 1839 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853; in 1857 was chosen a Senator of the United States for the term ending in 1861, serving as a mem ber of the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and on Indian Affairs; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and to the New York Convention of 1868. Fitch, Thomas ; was born in New York City January 29, 1838; received his education at the Wes- leyan Academy of Massachusetts; while yet in his youth was a clerk in New York ; worked on a farm ; went to sea before the mast; was a book-keeper in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; after a short mercantile career in Missouri, returned to Wisconsin, and edited the Milwaukee Free Democrat; went to California in 1860, and became editor of the San Francisco Times; also of the Placerville Republican; in 1862 was elected to the State Assembly; removed to Nevada Territory in 1863, and edited the Virginia Union; in 1864 was elected to the first Constitutional Convention of Nevada; subsequently settled in Washoe City and practiced law; in 1865 was appointed a District At torney; in 1867 settled in Belmont; was elected a Representative from Nevada to the Forty-first Con,- gress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Post Office. Fitts, Oliver; was a citizen of Mississippi; in 1810 was appointed, by President Madison, United States Judge for the Territory of Mississippi. 174 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Fogg, George G.; was born in Meredith, Bel- knap County, New Hampshire, May 26,4815; gradu ated at Dartmouth College in 1839; soon afterwards became Principal of the Hebron Academy; was sub sequently Professor of English Literature in the New Hampion Academical Institution, studying law at the sai4ie time; after a course of study at the Cam bridge uaw School, was admitted to the bar in 1842; after p.! acticing for some years in Gilinanton, was, in 1846, elected to the State Legislature, and soon after wards Secretary of State, when he became editor of the Independent Democrat; in 1855 was appointed Re porter of the Decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State, which position he resigned in 1859; in 1856 was appointed Clerk of the Congressional Com mittee sent out by the House of Representatives to Kansas; was a Delegate to the "Buffalo Free Soil Convention" of 1848; the " Pittsburg Convention" of 1852; the " Philadelphia Republican Convention " of 1856, and to the "Chicago Convention" of 1860; was a member of the Republican National Committee from 1856 to 1864, and Secretary of that Committee during the canvass for the election of President Lin coln in 1860; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Switzerland, returning in November, 1865; in 1866 was appointed a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire in the place of D. Clark, resigned, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, Claims, and Revolutionary Claims; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866. Foley, James B.; was born in Kentucky; having taken up his residence in Indiana, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State in 1827, and was a member of the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Folger, Charles J.; was born at Nan tucket, Massachusetts, April 16, 1818; removed to Geneva, New York, in 1830; received an academic and col legiate education, graduating from Geneva (now Ho- bart) College in 1836; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839, and practiced until 1869; -in 1844 was appointed first Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Ontario County; was elected County Judge of Ontario County in 1851 ; was elected a State Senator in 1861, and was four times re-elected; resigned in 1869 and was appointed United States Assistant Treasurer at New York City; was elected Associate Judge of the State Court of Appeals in 187Q, and served until 1880; was then appointed Chief Judge of that court, and, in the same year, was elected to that position ; resigned in 1881 on being appointed Secretary of the United States Treasury ; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of New York in 1882. Died September 4, 1884. Folger, "Walter ; was born at Nantucket, Mas sachusetts; was a direct descendant of Benjamin Franklin; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1809 to 1815, and also in 1822; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821. Follett, John P.; was born in Franklin County, Vermont; removed, with IMS parents, to Ohio, when five years of age, locating in Licking County; was reared on a farm; was self-educated; graduated from Marietta College, Ohio, in 1855, with first honors of his class; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1865, and re-elected in 1868; in the latter year was nominated for the Speakership by acclamation, and was elected; removed to Cincinnati the same year, continuing the practice of his profes sion; in 1879 received the degree of LL.D. from Marietta College; in 1882 was nominated by accla mation, and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-eighth Congress. Folsom, George; was born in Kennebunk, Maine, May 23, 1802; graduated at Harvard College in 1822; studied law, and settled in Framiugham, Massachusetts; resided for a time in Worcester, and removed to New York in 1837; was Librarian of the New York Historical Society, and in 1841 edited a volume of Dutch Annals, and several other pub lications; in 1844 was elected to the State Senate and was ex-officio member of the Court of Errors; in 1850 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the Hague; on his return was President of a savings bank, and of the American Ethnological Society, and a Director in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Died in Rome, Italy, March 27, 1869. Folsom, Nathaniel ; was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1726 ; commanded a company at Fort Edward in 1755; distinguished himself in the action with Dieskau; commanded a regiment of militia be fore the Revolution, and served as Brigadier-General of the New Hampshire forces, during the siege of Boston, until relieved by Sullivan, July, 1775; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780; was a Councilor in 1778; was President of the Convention which framed the Constitution of New Hampshire in 1783. Died at Exeter, May 26, 1790. Foot, Samuel A.; was born in Cheshire, Con necticut, November 8, 1780; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1797, and commenced the practice of law in his native town; was chosen a Representative in Congress from Connecticut in 1819, 1823, and 1833; was Speaker of the Connecticut House of Represent atives in 1825 and 1826; was a Senator in Congress from 1827 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Pensions; in 1834 was elected Governor of the State; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; died September 16, 1846. It was he who offered, on the floor of Congress, the famous resolutions upon which was founded the great debate between Hayne and Webster. Foot, Solomon; was born in Cornwall, Addi- son County, Vermont, November 19, 1802; graduated at Middlebury College in 1826; was for one year the Principal of Castleton Academy, and for a time a tutor in the University of Vermont, and Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Vermont Academy of Medicine; studied law and came to the bar in 1831, settling in Rutland, where he afterwards resided; was a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1833, 1836, 1837, 1838, and 1847 ; was Speaker of the House during his last three terms; in 1836 was a member of the Convention for altering the State Constitution; was a State Attorney from 1836 to 1842; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847; was elected a Senator in Congress from Ver mont for the term commencing in 1851 and ending in 1857, serving on the Committees on Foreign Rela tions, and the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; was re-elected for the term ending in 1863; also for a third term ending in 1869, continuing at the head of his old committee, and as a member of those on Foreign Relations. Pensions, and Commerce; was a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illi nois; during a part of the Thirty-sixth, the whole of the Thirty-seventh, and a part of the Thirty-eighth Congresses, was President pro tern, of the Senate; was BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 175 a delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" in 1864. Died in Washington, March 28, 1866, deeply la mented. Poote, Charles A.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Died in Delaware County, August 1. 1828. Foote, Henry S.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, September 20, 1800; was educated at Washington College, in that State; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and settled in Alabama in 1824; in 1826 removed to Mississippi, and there continued the practice of his profession; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1847 was elected a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1852, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations; was elected Governor of Mississippi in 1852; subse quently spent a few years in California; in 1859 was a member of the Southern Convention, held at Knox- ville, Tennessee; during his life fought three duels; identified himself with the great Rebellion, and was a member of the Confederate Congress; after the re turn of peace published "The War of the Rebellion;" subsequently resided in Washington City, and pub lished a volume of his "Personal Recollections of Public Men." Poote, Lucius H.; was born at Winfield, Her- kimer County, New York, April 10, 1826; was edu cated at Knox College, Illinois, and Western Reserve College, Ohio; left before graduating, but subse quently received the honorary degree of A. M. ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; in that year removed to Sacramento, California; was Judge of the Municipal Court from 1854 to 1860; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of tl:e Port of Sacramento; was Adjutant-General of the Stat> from 1872 to 1876; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was ap pointed United States Consul at Valparaiso, Chili, in 1879; was Acting Charge d Affaires to Chili in 1882; in 1883 was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Corea, and, as such, exchanged the ratifications of the first treaty witii that country. Foote, Thomas M.; was born in 1809; received a good education, and prepared himself for the med ical profession; was, for many years, the proprietor and editor of the Buffalo Commercial-Advertiser; in 1849 was appointed Charge d Affaires to New Gren ada; in 1852 was appointed to the same position near the government of Austria. Died at Buffalo, February 20, 1858. Foraker, Joseph Benson ; was born in Highland County, Ohio, July 5. 1846; was reared on his father s farm; his early education was acquired in the com mon schools of his native county; in July, 1862, en listed in the Union Army; was commissioned Second Lieutenant in January, 1863, and First Lieutenant in February, 1864, in September, 1864, was ap pointed Adjutant, and transferred to the Staff; in the same month was detailed as Acting Signal Officer; in March, 1865, was commissioned a Captain. by brevet, "for meritorious services;" was honorably mustered out of the service in June, 1865; returned to his home at Salem, Ohio, and attended school there a short time; then attended the Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, for two years; from there went to Cornell University, from which institution he graduated, in the classical course, in July, 1869; studied law while attending the University and in the law office of Judge James Sloaue, in Cincinnati; was admitted to the bar, at Cincinnati, in 1869, and at once entered upon the practice of law there; in April, 1879, was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati; in 1883 was elected Governor of Ohio. Foran, Martin A.; was born in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, November 11, 1844; was reared on a farm; learned the cooper s trade; received a common school and collegiate education; taught school for two years; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865; after various vicissitudes, settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1868, in the prosecution of his trade; initiated the movement which resulted in the formation of a Coopers Union, the scope of which he afterwards widened until it became an international organization, of which he was, for several years, the President; in 1873 was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention; in 1874 was admitted to the bar and engaged in the practice of law; was City Prosecutor from 1875 to 1877; was an unsuccessful candidate for Police Judge in 1881; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Forbes, James ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Forbes, John M.; was a citizen of Florida; was sent as . Secretary of Legation to Buenos Ayres in 1823; was commissioned as Charge d Affaires in 1825. Died at his post, June 14, 1831. Ford, George; was born at South Bend, St. Jo seph County, Indiana, January 11, 1846; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in practice at South Bend; was Prosecuting Attorney at South Bend from 1875 until 1885, when he resigned, having been elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Ford, James ; served two years in the Pennsyl vania Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833; his life was honorably interwoven with the history of his State. Died at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, August, 1859, aged seventy-six years. Ford, Nicholas ; was born in Ireland; emigrated to the United States in 1848; engaged in mercantile pursuits at St. Joseph, Missouri; was elected a Rep resentative from Missouri to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Ford, Seabury ; was born in Pomfret, Connec ticut, October 15, 1801 ; graduated at Yale College in 1825; studied law, and was admitted to practice in Burlington ; served several terms in the State Legis lature, and was, at different times, Speaker in each branch; was Governor of Ohio in 1848 and 1850 and Major General of Militia. Died at Burton. Ohio, May 8, 1855. Ford, Thomas ; in 1804, while he was yet a child, his parents emigrated to Illinois; studied and practiced law; was a Judge of the Superior Court of the State; was the author of a History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847; was Governor of the State from 1842 to 1846. Died in Peoria, January, 1851. Ford, Thomas H.; was elected Government Printer for the House of Representatives in 1860. Ford, "William D.; was born in Providence, Rhode Island; served in the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817; was a Representative in Congress from, that State from 1819 to 1821. 176 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Forester, John B.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Claims. Died August 31, 1845. Forker, Samuel C.; was born in Mount Holly, New .Jersey, March 16, 1821; received a common school education; was Cashier of the Bordentown Banking Company; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Fornance, Joseph ; was born in Pennsylvania, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Forney, Daniel M.; was born in Lincoln Coiinty, North Carolina, May, 1784; during the last war with England served as Major in the State Line; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was appointed Com missioner to treat with the Creek Indians; from 1823 to 182(i was a member of the State Legislature; in 1834 removed to Lowndes County, Alabama, where lie died in October, 1847. Forney, John W.; was born in Lancaster, Penn sylvania, September 30, 1817; acquired the art of printing, and took charge of the Lancaster InicUi- ge.nccr as early as 1840; in 1845 removed to Phila delphia, where he edited the Pennsylvanian until 1851; from that year until 1855 was Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, and at the same time conducted the Union newspaper: in 1857 returned to Philadelphia and established the Press: was again made Clerk of the House of Representatives from 1859 to 1861 ; soon afterwards established the Chronicle in Washington City, and at the same time continued to edit the Press in Philadelphia; was Secretary of the United States Senate from 1861 until 1868; subsequently spent several years in Europe, and did ranch by his pen to promote the success of the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. Forney, Peter; was born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, April, 1756; was a patriot and soldier of the Revolution; served as a member of the State Legislature for several years; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to 1815; served as an Elector on the Presidential tickets of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and Jackson. Died February 1, 1834. Forney, "William H.; was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, November 9, 1823; removed to Ala bama, with his parents, in 1835; graduated at the University of Alabama in 1844; served as a Lieu tenant of Volunteers in the Avar with Mexico; studied law anrt practiced the profession for twenty-five years; in 1859 was elected to the State Legislature; served in the Confederate Army during the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General; in 1865 was elected a State Senator; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Forrest, Thomas ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of William Milner. Died March 20, 1825. He was elected to Congress by a majority of one. Forrest, Uriah ; was a General in the Revolu tionary War; lost a leg at the battle of Brandywine; was wounded at the battle of Germantown, from the effects of which he never recovered; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787; was Representative in Congress from Maryland during the years 1793 and 1794, and resigned. Died at his country seat near Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1805. Forsyth, John ; was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, October 2, 1780; graduated at Princeton College in 1799; removed, with his father, to Charles ton, South Carolina, and afterwards to Augusta, Georgia; studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 distin guished himself at the Georgia bar; in 1808 was At torney-General of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1818, and from 1823 to 1827; a Senator in Congress during the years 1818 and 1819, and from 1829 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828, and 1829; Minister to Spain from 1819 to 1822; was Secretary of State under Pres ident Jackson, in which position he was continued by President Van Buren until the end of his administra tion; his superior abilities were universally acknowl edged, and the dignity and elegance of his manners added much to his popularity. Died in Washington City, of bilious fever, October 21, 1841. Forsythe, Albert P.; was born at New Rich mond, Ohio, May 24, 1830; was educated in the com mon schools, and at Asbury University; was raised a farmer and continued in that occupation: was a First Lieutenant in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; was elected Master of the Illinois State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry in 1875, and again in 1878; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty -sixth Congress. * Fort, George F.; was Governor of New Jersey from 1851 to 1854. Fort, Greenberry L.; was born in Ohio, Octo ber 17, 1825; removed to Illinois in 1834; was reared on a farm; was admitted to the bar; elected Sheriff, Clerk of Circuit Court, and County Judge; volun teered in the army in 1861, and was mustered out of service in 1866; in 1866 was elected to the State Sen ate; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories; re-elected to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-sixth Congresses. Died January 14, 1883. Fort, Tomlinson ; was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1827 to 1829; was at one time a member of the Legislature of Georgia; prac ticed the profession of medicine; was President of the Central Bank of Georgia from 1832 until his death, which occurred May 11, 1859, aged seventy- two years. Forward, Chauncey; was born at Old Granby, Connecticut, and was the younger brother of Walter Forward; about the year 1800 removed to Ohio with his father; was educated at Jefferson College; studied law, and came to the bar in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl vania; in 1817 settled in Somerset, in that State; was frequently elected to the State Legislature, serving in both Houses; in 1825 Avas elected a Representative in Congress for an unexpired term, and was twice re- elected, serving until 1831; never quitted politics, nor ceased to practice his profession, but late in life took a special interest in matters connected Avith the Baptist Church, and became a very popular and successful preacher. Died at Somerset, October, 1839. Forward, "Walter ; was born in Connecticut in 1786, where he received a liberal education; removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1803, and studied BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 177 law; in 1805 became editor of the paper called the Tree of Liberty; from 1806 to 1822 was engaged in the practice of law, and, as a pleader, had few equals; in 1822 was elected to Congress from Pennsylvania as a Representative, where he continued till March, 1825; in 1837 bore a prominent part in the Pennsyl vania Convention to reform the State Constitution; in March, 1841, President Harrison appointed him First Comptroller of the Treasury, which post he held until appointed, by President Tyler, Secretary of the Treasury; on retiring from President Tyler s Cabinet, resumed and continued his practice at the bar, until appointed, by President Taylor, Charge d Affaires to Denmark, where he spent several years, resigning his position to return home in order to ac cept the office of President Judge of the District Court of Allegheny County, to which he had been called by popular election. While in Court, em ployed in his judicial duties, he was suddenly taken ill, and died in forty-eight hours, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1852. Fosdick, Nicoll ; was born in New London, Con necticut, November 9, 1785, of direct Puritan stock; in 1809 removed to Herkimer County, New York: in 1816 was a Presidential Elector; in 1818 a mem ber of the Legislature of New York; again in 1819, and declined a re-election; was a Representative from New York in the Nineteenth Congress; returned to his native place in 1843; from 1849 to 1853 was Col lector of Customs for the District of New London. Died in New London, May 7, 1868. Foster, Abiel ; was born in Andover, Massachu setts, August 8, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard Univers ity in 1756; studied theology, and was pastor for eighteen years of the Congregational Church in Can terbury, New Hampshire; in 1780 was a Representa tive to the General Court; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785; was present at Washington s resignation of the command of the army at Annapolis; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1789 to 1791 ; was again a Representative in the Leg islature and a Delegate to revise the State Constitu tion ; was a member of the State Senate from 1793 to 1794, and in both years was President of that body; was again elected to Congress from 1795 to 1803. Died at Canterbury, February 6, 1806. Foster, A. Lawrence ; was born in New York ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Foster, Cassius G.; was born at Webster, Mon roe County, New York, January 22, 1837; his father, who was a farmer in good circumstances, died in 1840; four years later the widow re-married, and the step-father was not an exception to the rule, so it was a great relief to young Foster when, his mother having died, he was, at the age of ten years, sent to live with his guardian, a farmer residing in Michi gan ; his distaste for farm duties became apparent at an early age, and developed with his advance toward manhood; he attended the High School at Adrian, Michigan, for several terms, and then taught a dis trict school for two terms to replenish his exhausted exchequer; in 1856, at the age of nineteen, he began the study of law, but, his health failing, he soon after returned to his birthplace, in Monroe County, New York ; in 1857 resumed his law studies at Roch ester and Le Roy, New York; in February, 1859, was admitted to the bar of the New York Supreme Court; in June of that year he removed to Kansas, and settled at Atehison, where he soon established himself in a good practice; during the Civil War he 12 served with the State troops, and on the staff of Gov ernor Carney, in protecting the frontier against bush whackers and the invasion of the Confederate forces; was a State Senator in 1863 and 1864 ; in 1867 was elected Mayor of Atehison; in 1874 was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Judge for the District of Kansas; in 1879 took up his resi dence in Topeka, Kansas. Foster, Charles; was born in Seneca County, Ohio, April 12, 1828; received a common school and academic education ; engaged in mercantile pursuits and in banking; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-second, Forty -third, Forty-Fourth, and Forty -fifth Congresses; was elected Governor of Ohio in 1879 and re-elected in 1881. Foster, Dwight ; was born in Brookfield, Mas sachusetts, December 7, 1757; graduated at Brown University in 1774 ; practiced law at Brookfield ; was County Sheriff and Judge and afterwards Chief Jus tice of Common Pleas; was for some years a menibei of the House and Senate of Massachusetts; was a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts; on the death of his father was chosen to supply his place in the Convention for framing the State Consti tution in 1779; a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1799, and United States Senator from 1800 to 1803, when he resigned. Died in Brookfield, April 29, 1823. Foster, Ephraim H.; entered public life when quite young; in 1829 was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Tennessee; in 1837 was elected to the United States Senate, but in 1839 resigned his seat because he could not obey the instructions of the State Legislature; in 1843 was re-elected for two years; on his return from Washington was a candidate for Governor, but failed of an election. Died at Nash ville, September 4, 1854. Foster, Henry A.; was born in New York; served in the Senate of that State from 1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to 1844; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1837 to 1839; was a Sen ator in Congress during the years 1844 and 1845, by appointment of the Governor; was subsequently a J udge of the Supreme Court of New York. Foster, Henry Donnel ; was born in Mercer, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1812; received a liberal education; studied law; was elected to the Twenty- eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses; was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1846 and 1847; was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Penn sylvania in 1860; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Foster, Jedediah ; was born in Andover, Mas sachusetts, October 10, 1726; graduated at Harvard University in 1744; was a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the Worcester Convention of 1774, and soon after chosen to the provincial Congress, of which he was an active and useful member; about the same time was elected a Councilor; in 1776 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court; was for many years a Judge of Probate, and also of the Court of Common Pleas; was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Massa chusetts. Died October 17, 1779. Foster, John "W. ; was born in Pike County, In diana, March 2, 1836; graduated at the Indiana State University in 1855; studied law at the Law School of Harvard University; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Evansville, Indiana; served in the Union Army throughout the War of the 178 BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. Rebellion, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General ; at the close of the war became the editor of the Daily Journal, at Evansville, Indiana; in 1869 was appointed Postmaster at Evansville; was Chairman of the Republican State Committee in 1872; in 1873 was appointed United States Minister to Mexico; in 1880 was transferred to St. Petersburg, as Minister to Russia; resigned in 1881 and resumed the practice of law, locating at Washington, District of Columbia; in February, 1883, was appointed United States Minister to Spain. Foster, La Fayette S.; was born in Franklin, New London County, Connecticut, November 22, 1806; graduated at Brown University in 1828; stud ied law, and came to the bar in 1831; was a member of the General Assembly of Connecticut in 1839 and 1840, in 1846, 1847, and 1848, and 1854; was Speaker of the House in 1847, 1848, and 1854; Mayor of the City of Norwich for two years, in 1850 and 1851 ; in 1850 received the degree of LL.D. from Brown Uni versity; was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861 ; serv ing as a member of the Committees on Public Lands, Pensions, and the Judiciary; in 1860 was re-elected for the term ending in 1867, and during the Thirty- seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses was Chairman of the Committee on Pensions, and a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Private Land Claims, Indian Affairs, and Foreign Relations; at the extra session of the Senate, in 1865, was chosen President pro tern, of that body, the death of Abra ham Lincoln and the elevation of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency making him Acting Vice-President of the United States; during the subsequent recess, as a member of the Special Committee of the Senate, visited some of the Indian tribes west of the Missis sippi; in 1869 was elected Professor of Law in Yale College, and in 1870 to a seat on the Bench of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. Foster, Nathaniel G.; was born at " The Fork," in Greene County, Georgia, August 25, 1809; gradu ated at Franklin College in 1820; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Madison, Georgia, where he obtained a high reputation as an advocate and jury lawyer; served three years as So licitor-General of the Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the State Senate, and one year in the House; was a Representative in the Thirty -fourth Congress. Foster, Stephen C.; was born in Machias, Maine, December 24, 1799; commenced life as a blacksmith; later in life became a lumber-merchant and ship-builder; was in the Maine Legislature from 1834 to 1837, again in 1840, when he was President of the Senate, and again in 1847: was elected to Con gress from Maine in 1856, serving through the Thirty- fifth Congress as a member of the Committee on Man ufactures; became President of the Washington Agri cultural Society of his native State; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress; was a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Foster, Theodore ; was born in Massachusetts in 1752; graduated at Brown University in 1770; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 1803. Died in 1828, aged seventy-six years. Foster, Thomas F.; was born in Greensbor- ough, Georgia, November 23, 1790; graduated at Franklin College in 1812; read law at home, and at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1816; was for many years a member of the Georgia Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1829 to 1835, and again from 1841 to V J843. Died in 1847. Foster, "Wilder D. ; was born in Orange County, New York, January 8, 1819; received a common school education; went to Michigan in 1837 as an ap prentice to the tinner s trade; carried on genera) hardware business in Grand Rapids; was City Treas urer and Alderman of that city ; in 1854 was elected Mayor; was elected State Senator for 1855 and 1856; again elected Mayor in 1865 and 1866; was elected to the Forty-second Congress to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Fouke, Philip B.; was born in Kaskaskia, Illi nois, January 23, 1818; was chiefly self-educated ; was first a clerk and then a civil engineer; in 1841 established a paper called the Belleville Advocate, which he printed and edited for four years; then studied law, and after being admitted to practice, in 1846 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for his dis trict, and was re-elected ; in 1851 was elected a mem ber of the Illinois Legislature; in 1856 was again elected Prosecuting Attorney; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, resign ing his commission in 1862. Fowler, John; was a soldier in the War of the Revolution; attained the rank of Captain; was a member of Congress from Kentucky from 1797 to 1807. Died at Lexington, Kentucky, August 22, 1840, aged eighty -five years. Fowler, Joseph Smith ; was born in Steuben- ville, Ohio, August 31, 1822; graduated at Franklin College in 1843, in which institution he was a Pro fessor of Mathematics for four years; commenced the study of law in Kentucky, but removing to Tennes see, was admitted to the bar in that State; when the Rebellion broke out, he warmly espoused the Union cause; in September, 1861, left the State under the forty days proclamation of Jefferson Davis, and re sided in Springfield, Illinois, until April, 1862; on his return was Comptroller of Tennessee under Gov ernor Johnson, and took a leading part in organizing the Union party and re-organizing the State Govern ment; in 1865 was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee for six years, but was not admitted to his seat until July, 1866; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; and the committees upon which he was placed in the Senate were those on Manufactures, Territories, Foreign Affairs, Pensions, and as Chairman of that on En grossed Bills. Fowler, Orin; was born at Lebanon, Connecti cut, July 29, 1791; graduated at Yale College in 1815; stiidied theology under Dr. Dwight; made an extensive missionary tour in the Valley of the Mis sissippi, and in 1819 settled as pastor in Plainfield, Connecticut; was twenty years a pastor at Fall River, which he represented in both branches of the Legislature for several years; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, September 3, 1852; replied to Mr. Webster s speech of March 7, 1850, and was an opponent of intemperance and slavery; published "A Treatise on Baptism," in 1835, and] "Historical Sketch of Fall River," in 1841. Fowler, Samuel ; was born in New Jersey in 1779; was a distinguished member of the medical profession; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sussex County, New Jersey, February 21, 1844. BIO GRAPHICAL ANNALS. 179 Fox, Edward ; was born in Maine, and was a resident of Portland; in 1866 was appointed United States Judge lor the District of Maine. Died sud denly, December 14, 1881. Fox, Gustavus Vasa ; was born in Saugus, I Massachusetts, June 13, 1821; entered the Navy as Midshipman in 1838, and remained in the service for nineteen years: in 1856 went into the manufacturing business at Lawrence; when hostilities commenced, 5 in 1861, was assigned the duty, by President Lin- ; coin, of supplying Fort Sumter with provisions; soon afterwards entered the Navy Department as Assist ant Secretary, where he remained until 1866, when, he resigned: in an official capacity was sent to Rus sia to deliver in person the Resolutions of Congress passed upon the escape of the Emperor from, assas sination; on his return to the United States resumed his old business of Manufacturing in Massachusetts. Fox, John ; was born in the city of New York in 1835; received a common school education; was bred a, mechanic; was elected an Alderman in the City Councils; also held the office of Supervisor; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Invalid Pensions; re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage and Enrolled Bills. Franchot, Richard ; was born in Morris, Ot- sego County, New York, in 1816; received an Eng lish education; served as a civil engineer for seven years; subsequently turned his attention to farming; was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Rail road Company; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and the Pacific Railroad. Died at Schenectady, Novem ber 23, 1875. Francis, John Brown ; was born in Philadel phia, May 31, 1794; graduated at Brown University in 1808; losing his father in infancy, was reared by his maternal grandfather, Nicholas Brown, one of the founders of Brown University; acquired a mer cantile education at Providence, and attended the Litchfield Law School; in 1821 settled at Spring Green as an agriculturist; was a member of the State Legislature from 1821 to 1829; State Senator in 1831; Governor from 1833 to 1838; State Senator in 1842; United States Senator in 1*844 and 1845; State Sen ator again from 1849 to 1856; Trustee in Brown Uni versity from 1828 to 1857; Chancellor from 1841 to 1854. Died at Warwick, Rhode Island, August 9, ,1864. Francis, John M.; was born at Prattsburgh, Steuben County, New York, March 6, 1823; received a common school and academic education; learned the printer s trade; was editor of the Wayne Sentinel, at Palmyra, New York, from 1843 to 1845; studied law; was, for a short time, editor of the Rochester (New York) Daily Advertiser; editor of the Troy (New York) Daily Budget from 1846 to 1848; in 1851 established the Daily Times at Troy, New York, and continued the controlling owner and editor of that journal after his withdrawal from its active manage ment; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was appointed United States Minister to Greece in 1871; resigned in 1873; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880; was appointed United States Minister to Portu gal in 1882. Francis, William H.; was born at South Nor- walk, Connecticut, August 29, 1839; was educated at the village school in South Norwalk, at Schenck s Military Academy, at Danbury, Connecticut, and at Oberlin College, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in June, 1865, and was in the active practice of law in Newark, New Jersey, until August, 1882; from 1861 until 1882 took a prominent part in New Jersey politics and was a member, and for some time chairman, of the Young Men s Central Club and the Republican Central Committee of Newark, and of the Essex County, New Jersey, Republican Committee; was Corporation (City) Counsel of Newark, New Jersey, from 1871 to 1875; represented Essex County in the New Jersey Senate in 1879, 1880, and 1881; in May, 1881, as one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended the unveiling of a monument to commemorate the battle of the Cow Pens, at Spar- tansburg, South Carolina, (on the one hundredth an niversary of the battle) and on that occasion delivered the oration in behalf of the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware: in 1882 was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office at Bismarck, Dakota Territory; July 5, 1884, was appointed, by President Arthur, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory. Frank, Augustus ; was born in Warsaw, Wy oming County, New York, July 17, 1826; early be came engaged in mercantile pursuits, to which he was devoted for many years; in 1852 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library and on Mileage; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, when he was made Chairman of the Committee on the Library, serving also on the Committee on Mileage, and the Select Committee on the Bank rupt Law; was also a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1867. Franklin, Benjamin ; was born in Boston, Jan uary 17, 1706; after various vicissitudes, when seven teen years of age went to Philadelphia, and became a printer; with the help of Governor Sir William Keith, visited England, where he remained nearly two years; on his return became a clerk; then en gaged in business on his own account; in 1732 com menced the publication of "Poor Richard s Alma nac," which he continued until 1737; after that es tablished a newspaper; held the various offices of State Printer, Clerk of the General Assembly, and Postmaster of Philadelphia; was the father and pa tron of the Philosophical Society, and of the Penn sylvania University and Hospital; in 1741 published the General Magazine; in 1744 was elected to the Provincial Assembly, holding the office ten years ; in 1758 concluded a treaty with the Indians at Carlisle; in the following year was sent to Albany, New York, to meet a Congress of Commissioners to arrange means of defense against the French and Indians; subse quently became Postmaster-General of America; was sent to England as an advocate and agent for the province on two occasions, remaining there eleven years; on the breaking out of the Revolution returned to America, and took an active and important part in public affairs; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1775 and 1776; in 1778 was sent to France in a diplomatic capacity, where he remained until 1785; was next elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Fed eral Constitution, and signed that instrument; the qualities of his mind were remarkably versatile, but 180 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. he stood pre-eminent as a philosopher and benefactor of mankind; he made important discoveries in elec tricity ; wrote and published much on a variety of themes, and his "Life, "Writings, and Correspond ence," issued in ten volumes, are an important feature in all the best libraries of the country. Died April 17, 1790. Franklin, B. J.; was born in Mason County, Kentucky; was educated at Bethany College, West Virginia; subsequently taught school; studied law, and on coming to the bar settled at Leavenworth, Kansas; in 1860 removed to Missouri; served in the Confederate Army as a Captain; in 1871 was elected Circuit Attorney for the Twenty -fourth Circuit of the State; in 1874 was elected a Eepresentative from Missouri to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Franklin, Jesse ; was born in Surry County, North Carolina, in 1758; served with credit in the Revolutionary War, as a Major; was a member of the House of Delegates of that State in 1794; represented that State in Congress from 1795 to 1797, and then returned to the Legislature; from 1799 to 1805, and from 1807 to 1813, was United States Senator, offici ating in the Eighth Congress as President pro tern, of the Senate; having been superseded by F. Locke, in 1816, was appointed, by President Madison a Com missioner to treat with the Chickasaws; in 1820 was elected Governor of North Carolina. Died in Surry County, in 1823, aged sixty-five years. Franklin, John B.; was born in Worcester County, Maryland, May 6, 1820; graduated at Jef ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1836; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; served in the State Legislature of Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, when he was elected Speaker; in 1851 was chosen President of the Board of Public Works of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1853 to 1855. Franklin, Meshack ; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1807 to 1815; served in the House of Commons of that State in 1800; in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829; was a member of the Executive Council of North Carolina, and a Delegate to the Convention for revising the State Constitution. Died in Surry County, Decem ber 18, 1839. Franklin, "Walter S.; was born in Pennsylva nia; in 1833 was elected Clerk of the National House of Representatives, in which office he remained until 1838. Fraser, Philip; was born in Pennsylvania; adopted the profession of the law and settled at Jacksonville, Florida; in 1862 was appointed United States Judge for the Northern District of Florida. Frazier, William C.; was a citizen of Lancas ter, Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1776; was appointed an Associate Justice of the Territory of Wisconsin. Died at Milwaukee, October 18, 1838. Frederick, Benjamin Todd; was born at Fredericktown, Columbiana County, Ohio, October .">, 1835; received a good education; settled at Mar- shalltown, Iowa, and engaged in the business of manufacturing; served three terms as a member of the City Council and three terms as a member of the School Board of Marshalltown; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Con gress, but only secured his seat on March 3, 1885, after a contest; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Freedley, John ; was born in Norristown, Montr gomery County, Pennsylvania, May 22, 1793; com menced life as a brickmaker; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; entered extensively into various kinds of business, especially that of quarry ing marble, and was successful; was a Representa tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1851. Died December 8, 1851. Freeman, Chapman; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1832; graduated at the high school of his native city in 1850, having been advanced six months for proficiency; began the study of law, but relinquished it to engage in mer cantile pursuits ; entered the navy as Assistant Pay master in 1863, and was attached to the blockading squadrons in the North Atlantic and the Gulf of Mex ico ; was on board of the Iron Age at the time of her destruction off the coast of North Carolina; was on special duty during the attacks on Newberne, Little Washington, and Plymouth in 1864; in the latter year resigned on account of ill health; resumed the study of law, came to the bar, and practiced in Phila delphia; was a Commissioner from that city to the Austrian Exposition in 1873; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Con gress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Freeman, Constant; was born in Massachu setts; in 1816 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, at that time called "Accountant of the Navy; " in 1817 received the title of Auditor, and served as such until 1824. Freeman, James C.; was born in Jones County, Georgia, April 1, 1820; received a common school education; was a planter; was a Union man before, during, and since the war; never held any office until elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Land Claims. Freeman, John D.; was born in New Jersey; removed to Mississippi; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Freeman, Jonathan; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1797 to 1801 ; from 1789 to 1797 was a State Councilor; from 1793 to 1808 was one of the Overseers of Dartmouth Col lege. Died in 1808, aged sixty-three years. Freeman, Nathaniel; -was born at Dennis, Massachusetts, in April, 1741 ; graduated at Harvard University; studied medicine; was a patriot in the Revolutionary War; performed various services in the Legislature and as a Brigadier-General of Militia; was also a Judge of Probate for forty-seven years, and a Judge of the Common Pleas for thirty years; was twice married and had twenty children; was a member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1795 to 1799. Died September 27, 1820. Freeman, Samuel ; was born in Portland, Prov ince of Massachusetts, June 15, 1743; was active and zealous in the Revolutionary struggles; in 1774 was Secretary of the Cumberland County Convention; member of the Provincial Congress in 1775; of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1776 and 1778; in 1775, on the re-organization of the Courts, was appointed Clerk, and held that office forty-five years; was Register of Probate until commissioned Judge in 1804, continuing until 1820; Postmaster of Portland from 1776 to 1805; an efficient friend of Bowdoin College; published "Town Officer," Ameri can Clerks 1 Magazine, " The Massachusetts Justice," 8vo, 1803; "Probate Directory," 1803; and edited the Journal of Rev. Thomas Smith in 1821. Died ii Portland. September 2, 1831. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 181 Frelinghuysen, Frederick ; was born in New Jersey, April 13, 1753; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1770; when twenty-two years of age was sent 1o the Continental Congress; as Captain of a Volunteer Corps of Artillery was at the battles of Trenttm and Monmouth, and it is said that it was he who killed Rhalle, the Hessian commander at Tren ton ; was a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1796, when he resigned on account of domestic bereave ments; he stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, and held various State and County offices. Died April 13, 1804. Frelinghuysen, Frederick T.; was born at Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, August 4 ; 1817; the nephew and adopted son of Theodore Fre- linghuysen; graduated at Rutgers College in 1836; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839 ; was ap pointed Attorney-General of New Jersey in 1861, and re-appointed in 1866; was subsequently appointed a Senator in Congress from New Jersey for the unex- pired term of William Wright, deceased, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and Pensions; in January, 1867, his appointment as Senator was con firmed by the election of the Legislature ; his term terminated in 1869; was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations and the Judiciary, and as Chair man of the Agricultural Committee; in 1870 was ap pointed Minister to England, but declined; was re- elected to the Senate for the unexpired term ending in 1877; in 1881 was appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Arthur. Died May 20, 1885. Frelinghuysen, Theodore ; was born in Mills- town. Somerset County, New Jersey, March 28, 1787, and was the son of Frederick Frelinghuysen, of the Continental Congress; graduated at Princeton Col lege, Nassau Hall, in 1804; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1808; was Attorney-General of New Jersey from 1818 to 1829; a Presidential Elector in 1829; a Senator in Congress from New Jer sey, from 1829 to 1835; was Chancellor of the Uni versity of New York from 1839 to 1850, when he re signed; while in that position was the candidate of the Whig party, for V ice-President upon the ticket with Henry Clay; in 1850 was elected President of Rutgers College, where he officiated until his death, devoting much of his time and means to the benevo lent and educational interests of his native State, of New York, and of tlie Union; resided for many years at Newark. New Jersey, and was Mayor of that city in 1837 and 18:58; also served as President of the American Temperance Union, of the American Tract Society, the Hoard of Foreign Missions, and of the American Bible Society, during his residence in New York. In the church, lie was for many years recog nized as a great leader, in all the moral movements of the country, and was universally beloved. He had a rare command of thought and language, and was considered an eloquent speaker. Died at New Brunswick, New Jersey, April 12, 1862. Fremont, John Charles ; was born in Savan nah, Georgia, January 21, 1813; his father was an emigrant from France; received a good education, though left an orphan at four years of age; at the age of seventeen graduated at Charleston College; from teaching mathematics turned his attention to civil engineering, and was recommended to the Govern ment for employment in the Mississippi Survey; was afterwards employed at Washington in con structing maps of that region; having received the commission of a Lieutenant of Engineers, proposed to the Secretary of War to penetrate the Rocky Mountains; his plan was approved, and in 1842, with a few men, he explored the South Pass; im patient of quiet, he planned a new expedition to the Territory of Oregon; approached the Rocky Moun tains by a new line, scaled .the summits south of the South Pass, deflected to the Great Salt Lake, and connected his survey with that of Wilkes s Ex pic ring Expedition; also in another expedition revealed the grand features of Alta California, its great basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento, and established the geography of the western portion of the continent; in August, 1844, was planning a third expedition, while writing the history of the second, and before its publication, in 1845, was again on his way to the Pacific, collecting his mountain comrades, to examine in detail the Asiatic slope of the continent, which resulted in giv ing a new volume of science to the world, and Cali fornia to the United States; after the conquest of California, in which he bore a part, was the victim of a quarrel between two American commanders, and was stripped of his commission by court-martial ; the President re-instated him, but he declined returning; he determined to retrieve his honor; one line more would complete his survey the route for a great road from the Mississippi to San Francisco ; again appeared in the Far West; refitted his expedition, and started again; pierced the country of the Apaches; met, awed, or defeated savage tribes, and in a hundred days from Santa Fe stood on the banks of the Sacramento ; the people of California reversed the judgment of the court-martial, and he was made the first Senator of the Golden State, serving from 1849 to 1851 ; was sub sequently, in 1856, a candidate for President, in opposition to Mr. Buchanan, but was defeated; in 1861, entered the Union Army as a Major-General; by the "Cleveland Convention" of 1864 was again nomin ated for the office of President of the United States, but was again defeated. French, A. C.; Avas born in New Hampshire; after graduating at Harvard University, removed to Illinois and entered into the public service of that State in 1835 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was for sev eral years the President of the Board of Trustees of McEndree College, and Professor of Law in that insti tution; was Governor of Illinois from 1846 to 1853. Died in Lebanon, Illinois, September 4, 1864. French, Benjamin B.; was born in New Hamp shire; removed to Washington City, and became inter ested in politics; in 1845 was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives, and held the position until 1847; was greatly distinguished as a member of the Masonic Fraternity; in 1853 was appointed Commis sioner of Public Buildings in Washington, serving in that capacity many years. Died in Washington. French, C. E. Gr.; was an early emigrant to Cali fornia; was appointed from that State, in 1875, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. French, Charles Grafton Wilberton ; was born at Berkeley, Bristol County, Massachusetts, August 22^1820; received a classical education, grad uating from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1842; taught school; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar at New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 1848, and commenced practice at Boston, in that State; removed to California in 1851, and practiced for a time in Placer County, subsequently settling in Sacramento County, in the practice of his profession; was, for many years, Trustee of the State Library; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872; in 1875 was appointed Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of Arizona, and was re-appointed in 1880. 182 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. French, Ezra B.; was born in New Hampshire; received a common school education ; settled in Maine ; became Secretary of State of Maine; was a Represent ative from Maine to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Manufactures ; was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861; was appointed, by President Lincoln, Second Auditor of the United States Treasury; served until his death, April 24, 1880. > French, Henry Flagg ; was born at Chester, New Hampshire, August 14, 1813; received an aca demic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; engaged in the practice of law at Chester; was County Solicitor from 1838 to 1848; in 1841 removed to Portsmouth, and in 1842 to Exeter, New Hampshire; was Bank Commissioner from 1848 to 1852; was Justice of the Court of Common Pleas from 1855 to 1859; in the latter year, opened a law office in Boston, Massachusetts; removed his family to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1860; was appointed Assistant District Attorney for Suffolk County in 1862, and held the office until 1865, when he was elected the first President of the Massachusetts Agri cultural College ; removed to Amherst, where the col lege was established in September, 1865; being una ble to organize the college in accordance with his ideas of what such an institution should be, he re signed, in October, 1866, and resinned the practice of law in Boston; in 1867 purchased a farm at Concord, Massachusetts, where he took up his residence, prac ticing his profession in Boston; in 1876 was appointed Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury, at Washington, and continued in that office under suc cessive administrations; received the degree of M. A. from Dartmouth College in 1852, and, in 1861, was elected a member of the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society of that institution ; has always taken a deep interest in Agriculture; was President of the Rockiugham Agri cultural Society from 1852 to 1859; was, for many years, a regular contributor to several agricultural, and horticultural papers and magazines; in 1857 pub lished a treatise on "Farm Drainage." French, John R.; was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, May 28, 1819; was apprenticed to the printing business; published for five years the Herald Oj Freedo n; edited for two years the Eastern Journal, in Maine; removed to Ohio in 1854, and there edited newspapers called the Telegraph, the Press, and the Cleveland Leader; was elected to the Ohio Legisla ture in 1858 and 1859; in 1861 was appointed a Gov ernment Clerk in Washington; in 1864 a Tax Com missioner for North Carolina; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the War De partment. French, Richard; was a native of Kentucky; was a lawyer by profession; became a prominent Judge in that State, and the town of Freuchburg Avas named for him; was a member of the Legislature from Clark County in 1820 and 1822: a Presidential Elector for Jackson in 1829; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837; and again from 1847 to to 1849. French, Theophilus; was a resident of Ohio; was Commissioner of Railroads in the Department of the Interior from July, 1878, to February, 1882. Frey, Joseph ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1827 to 1831. Frick, Henry; was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in 1795; was educated as a printer; became an editor of a newspaper at Milton; served for three sessions in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania at the time of his death, which occurred at Washington City, March 1, 1844. Fries, George; was born in Pennsylvania; re moved to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Died November 13, 1866. Fromentin, Eligius ; was a Senator of the United States from Louisiana from 1813 to 1819; in 1821 was Judge of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, and was appointed Judge of the Western District of Florida; soon resigned his office and re turned to the practice of law at New Orleans. Died of the yellow fever, October 6, 1822. Frost, George ; was born April 26, 1720; in 1740 left the counting-house of his uncle, Sir Wil liam Pepperrill, at Kittery Point, Maine, and entered one of his vessels as supercargo, following the sea for about twenty years; becoming a partner with Gen eral Richards of London, sailed to and from that part; about 1760 returned and resided at New Castle for four years; then removed to Durham; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Stafford County, from 1773 to 1791; was for many years Chief Justice; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and Councilor from 1781 to 1784. Died June 21, 1796. His father was a commander in the Royal Navy of England. Frost, Joel; was born in New York; serve;! in the State Assembly in 1806 and 1808; was a R -pre- sentative in Congress from that State from 18J3 to 1825. Frost, Richard G-raham ; was born at St. Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1851; received a col legiate education; adopted the profession of the law; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1876; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Frost, Rufus S.; was born in Maryborough, New Hampshire, July 18, 1826; removed to Boston in 1838; was educated in the public schools and at Newton Academy; began mercantile life as a clerk, and entered the dry goods commission business, which he followed successfully; was elected Mayor of Chelsea in 1867. and re-elected in 1868, with only five votes against him; was state Senator in 1871 and 1872; was a member of the Governor s Council in 1873 and 1875; was for many years a Director of the North National Bank of Boston, and a Trustee of the Boston Five Cent Savings Bank; built a fire-proof building in his native town, placed in it a library of valuable books, and presented it to the town, with the condition that it should be for the free use of the inhabitants; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Congress. Fry, Jacob, Jr.; was a native of Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839; was at one time Auditor- General of the State. Died at Norristown, Pennsyl vania, November 28, 1866. Frye, "William P.; was born in Lewiston, Maine, September 2, 1831; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1850; studied and practiced law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1861, J862, and 1807; Mayor BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 183 of Lewiston in 1866 and 1867; Attorney-General of the State in 1867, 1868, and 1869; was elected to the Forty-second and two succeeding Congresses, serving on several committees, and as Chairman of that on the Library; was a Delegate to the Republican Na tional Conventions of 1872, 1876, and 1880; was re- elected to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses; was elected United States Sen ator from Maine, for the term ending in 1883, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of James G. Elaine; was re-elected for the full term of six years. Fulkerson, Abram; was born in Washington County, Virginia, in May, 1834; graduated at the Virginia Military Institute; adopted the profession of the law; served in the Confederate Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1871 and 1873, and a State Senator in 1877 and 1879; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-seventh Congress. Puller, Bartholomew ; was born in North Car olina; in 1859 was appointed, from that State, Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, serving as such until 1861. Fuller, Benoni Stinson ; was born in Warrick County, Indiana, November 13, 1825; was reared on a farm; received a common school education; after reaching his twenty-first year became a school teacher; in 1856 was elected a County Sheriff, and re-elected in 1858; in 1862 was elected to the State Senate, serving four years; in 1866 and 1868 elected to the lower house of the Legislature; in 1870 and 1872 to the Senate for a second and third term; was then elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Fuller, George ; was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Fuller, Henry M. ; was born in Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1820; graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1842; in 1848 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 to 1857. Died in Philadelphia, December 26, 1860. Fuller, Jerome ; was an early emigrant to Min nesota; in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that Territory. Fuller, Philo C.; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1830; a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1833 to 1837; the Second Assistant Postmaster-General from 1841 to 1843; Comptroller of New York in 1851. Died at Geneva, August 16, 1855. Fuller, Thomas J. D.; was born in Hardwick, Caledonia County, Vermont, March 17, 1808; was left an orphan when seven years of age ; spent his boyhood and youth upon a farm; on attaining man hood, studied and adopted the profession of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1833; removing to Maine was elected State Attorney for his county for three years; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty- fourth Congresses, serving as an active member of the Committee on Commerce; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Second Auditor of the Treas ury, which office he held until 1881. Died near Upperville, Virginia, February 13, 1876. Fuller, Timothy ; was born at Chilmark, Mar tha s Vineyard, Massachusetts, July 11, 1778; grad uated at Harvard University in 1801 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1813 to 1817; Speaker of the Lower House in 1825; again a State Representative in 1831; a State Councilor in 1831; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1825. Died at Groton, Massachusetts, October 1, 1835, aged fifty-seven years. He was the father of the distinguished authoress, Sarah Margaret Fuller. Fuller, "William E.; was born at Ho ward, Centre County, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1846; removed to Iowa in his youth; was educated at the Upper Iowa University and the Iowa State University, graduat-, ing from the Law Department of the latter in 1870, as the valedictorian of his class; engaged in the practice of law; in 1866 and 1867 was employed in the office of the Commissioner of Indian AiFairs in the Department of the Interior, at Washington City; was a Representative in Iowa Legislature in 1876 and 1877, and was one of the most active members of that body, as well as a leading member of its Judiciary Committee; was several times a member of Republican State and Congressional Committees; re sided at West Union; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-ninth Congress. Fuller, William K.; was a member of the As sembly of New York in 1829 and 1830; at one time Adjutant-General of the State Militia; from 1833 to 1837 a Representative in Congress. Fullerton, David ; was born in 1771 ; was for several years a member of the Legislature of Penn sylvania; represented that State in Congress from 1819 to 1820, when he resigned. Died at Green- castle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1843. Fulton, Andrew S. ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Fulton, John H.; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1833 to 1835. Died at Ab- ington, January 28, 1836. Fulton, "William S.; was born in Cecil County, Maryland, June 2, 1795; graduated at Baltimore Col lege in 1813, and commenced the study of law Avith William Pinckney, but before coming of age served with great credit in a Volunteer company, which was assigned to the defence of Fort McIIenry ; was aid to Colonel Armistead, taking charge of his company during the illness of that commander, and returned with it to the city of Baltimore; after peace was re stored in 1815, removed to Tennessee with his father s family, and resumed the study of law with Felix Grundy; in 1818 volunteered with the Nashville Guards, and was Private Secretary to General Jack son during the Florida campaign; settled in Alabama in the practice of law; in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, Secretary of the Territory of Ar kansas, and in 1835 Governor of the same, Avhich office he held until that Territory was admitted into the Union as a State, when he was elected a Senator from Arkansas, serving from 1836 to 1844. Died at Rosewood, near Little Rock, Arkansas, August 15, 1844. Funston, Edward H.; was born in Clark Coun ty, Ohio, in 1836; was reared on a farm; his early education was acquired in the common schools; after wards attended the academy at New Carlisle, Ohio, and, later, the Marietta (Ohio) College; in 1861 entered the Union Army as a Lieutenant in the Six- 184 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. teenth Battery of Ohio Volunteers and served throughout the Civil War; in 1867 removed to Kan sas and settled on a farm near Tola; was a Repre sentative in the Kansas Legislature in 1873, 1874, and 1875, and in the latter year was Speaker of the House; in 1880 was elected a State Senator, and was made President of the Senate pro tempore; March 1, 1884, was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-eighth Congress, to fill a vacancy, and the same year was re-elected to the Forty-ninth. Con gress. Furnass, R. "W.; was Governor of Nebraska from 1873 to 1875. Pyan, Robert W.; was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1835; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1857; in 1858 removed to Mis souri and settled in Webster County in the practice of law ; served in the Union Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of Colonel; at the close of the war was appointed Circuit Attorney of therFourteenth Judicial Circuit of Missouri; in 1866 was elected Judge of that circuit, and was re-elected in 1868, 1874, and 1880; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1875; was elected a Representa tive from Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress. Gadsden, Christopher; was born in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1724; elected to the New York Congress of 1765, to petition against the Stamp Act; was a Delegate from that State to the Continent al Congress from 1774 to 1776; during the siege of Charleston, in 1780, was taken prisoner and confined for some months at St. Augustine; a parole was offered him, which he declined; on his release by ex change, was elected Governor of the State, but de clined to serve on account of his age. Died August 28, 1805. His grandson, bearing the same name, was the third Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina. Gadsden, James; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, May 15, 1788; graduated at Yale College in 1806; engaged in commercial pursuits till the Warof 1812, when he was Lieutenant of Engineers, and served in Canada; was confidential aid to General Jackson after the war, and accompanied him in the Seminole War in 1818, in which, he distinguished himself and was made Captain, having charge of the construction of works for the defense of the Gulf frontier; on October 19, 1820, was appointed Inspect or General of the Army, with rank of Colonel; after the reduction of the army in 1822, was relieved, and assisted Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, for several months; then became a planter in Florida; was a member of the Territorial Council, and as Commis sioner effected a treaty for the removal of the Semi- noles from Northern to Southern Florida; was after ward occupied in commerce and rice culture near Charleston; was appointed Minister to Mexico in 1853, and negotiated the " Gadsden Purchase," now known as Arizona, for ten million dollars. Died in Charleston, December 26, 1858. Gage, Joshua ; was a member of the Legislature from 1805 to 1808, in 1813, 1814, 1820, and 1821; a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819; was a State Councilor in 1822 and 1823. Gaillard, John ; was a Senator of the United States from South Carolina from 1804 to 1826; voted for the War of 1812; was repeatedly called to pre side over the Senate in the absence of th Vice-Presi dent. Died at Washington, February 26, 1826. Gaillard, Theodore ; was one of the earliest Judges of the United States Circuit Court, having, in 1801, been appointed Chief Justice of the Fifth Circuit; in 1813 was appointed, by President Jeffer son, a District Judge of the United States for Louis iana, thereby making a transfer of position which is not common among the Judiciary. Gaines, John P.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849; was subsequently appointed Governor of Oregon Territory; served as a Major in the Mexican War as Aid to General Scott, and suffered imprison ment. Died in Oregon in 1858. Gaither, Nathan ; was born at Columbia, Ken tucky, in 1785 ; adopted the medical profession ; was a member of the State Legislature from Adair County in 1815, 1816, 1817, and 1818; was a Presidential Elector in 1829; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses ; was a member of the Constitutional Con vention of the State in 1849; was again a Presidential Elector in 1861. Galbraith, John ; was born in Peiinsylvania; was bred a lawyer; served several terms in the Legis lature of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Died at Erie, June 15, 1860, while holding the office of United States Presi dent Judge for the Sixth District of Pennsylvania. Galbraith, William J.; was born atFreeport, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1837; received a classical education, graduating from Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, in 1857; studied law at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar in that city in 1861; served as an officer in the United States Signal Corps from 1861 to 1864; engaged in the prac tice of his profession; removed to Iowa; in 1879 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Montana, and was re-appointed in 1883. Gale, George ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1791; was one of those who voted to locate the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Gale, Levin; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1829. Gale, William H.; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Colorado. Gale, Joseph ; was born in Eckington, England, April 10, 1786; his father, bearing the same name, was a printer, a personal friend of the poet Mont gomery, and after corning to Philadelphia in 1792, became the first reporter of proceedings in the American Congress, and in 1799 founded the Raleigh Register in North Carolina; the son went with his father to Raleigh ; obtained a good education, acquired the art of stenography, and a knowledge of printing affairs j went to Washington City in 1807, and joined as an assistant in the Intelligencer, which was a new name for the Gazetteer, established by the father in Philadelphia, and was removed with the Government; became one of the proprietors in 1809, and from that time until his death, in conjunction with his brother- in-law, William W. Seatou, was the ruling spirit of the great journal known to the world as The National Intelligencer; also held many local offices of trust and honor, and was repeatedly chosen Mayor of Washing- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 185 ton; for many years he was, with Mr. Seaton, the official publisher of the General Government. Died at Washington, July 21, 1860. Gallaher, John S.; was appointed Third Aud itor of the Treasury in 1849, and re-appointed in 1850, remaining in office until 1853. Gallatin, Albert; was born at Geneva, in Switz erland, January 29, 1761; graduated at the Univers ity of his native city in 1779; the next year emi grated to America; commenced his career in Maine, then a part of Massachusetts, having been placed in command of a small fort at Machias; while there, contributed largely from his private funds to the sup port of the American troops; was appointed a tutor at Harvard University in 1782; removed t Pennsyl vania in 1783, where he took a prominent part in the State Convention of 1789, and served in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1790 and 1791; also spent several years in Virginia, and in that State took the oath of allegiance; in 1793 was elected a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, but his seat was vacated in 1794, by a resolution of the Senate, on the ground of want of citizenship for a sufficient length of time; soon after, without his knowledge, was elected a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, serving from 1795 to 1801; was in the latter year appointed Secretary of the Treasury under President Jefferson, and, as an executive Councilor, and subsequently diplomatist and statesman, ob tained a very high reputation; in 1813 went to St. Petersburg as one of the Envoys Extraordinary to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation of Russia, and, during the following year, with Adams, Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed the Treaty of Ghent; assisted also in concluding the Commercial Convention with England at London in 1815, and re sided at Paris, as Minister of the United States, from 1816 to 1823; in 1827 obtained full indemnification from England for injuries sustained by our citizens, for violating the Treaty of Ghent; President Mad ison tendered him a seat in his Cabinet as Secretary of State; President Monroe offered him the post of Sec retary of the Navy; he was also nominated for Vice- president: all of which honors he declined; in 1828 be came a citizen of New York, and took an active part in promoting the literary and commercial interests of the Empire City, and of the Union at large; in 1831 was a member of the "Free Trade Convention," and drew up the memorial to Congress, which embodied the views of the Democratic party; was President of the National Bank of New York, and also of the New York Historical Society and the Ethnological Society, and advocated the establishment of the New York University; just before his death, became iden tified with the Smithsonian Institution; was a fine scholar, and published many papers on the Currency and Finance, on Indian Languages, and other import ant subjects. Died at Astoria, Long Island, August 12, 1849. Gallegos, Jose M.; was born in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, November 14, 1815; was edu cated at the Academy of Taos; studied theology at the College of Durango, Mexico, where he graduated in 1849; was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Mexico in 1843, 1844, 1845, and 1846; a member of the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of New Mexico in 1850 and 1851 ; was elected Delegate to Congress in 1854; was Speaker of the Territorial House of Representatives in I860, 1861, and 1862; Quartermaster-General of the Territorial Militia, and Treasurer of the Territory for five years; was made prisoner of war by the Texas Confederate Troops, in 1862, and subjected to close confinement: was Super intendent of Indian Affairs in New Mexico in 1868; was elected Delegate to the Forty-second Congress. Gallinger, Jacob H.; was born at Corn wall, On tario, March 28, 1837; being the son of a farmer and one of twelve children, his time was occupied in as sisting his father, and his early education was lim ited; at the age of twelve he became a printer s apprentice, and served four years; at the expiration of his apprenticeship he went to Ogdensburg, New York, and worked as a journeyman for one year, when he returned to Cornwall and took charge, as editor and foreman, of the paper upon which he had served as apprentice, at the same time receiving instruction from a competent teacher; in 1855 went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and began the study of medicine, graduating in 1858, as valedictorian of his class; his vacations were passed in various capacities in the office of the Cincinnati Gazette, and in study and literary work; after practicing in Cincinnati for a year, in 1860, he removed to New Hampshire, and settled at Concord in the practice of his profession; was, for seven years, President of the New Hamp shire Homeopathic Medical Society; in 1868 received an honorary degree from the New York Homeo pathic Medical College, and has also received the honorary degree of A.M. from Dartmouth College; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1873; in 1876 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention; in 1878 was elected State Senator, and re-elected in 1879; was President of the Senate during his second term; in 1882 was elected Chairman of the State Committee, and was thrice re-elected; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty-ninth Congress. Galloway, Joseph; was born in 1730; was a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1764, officiating as Speaker; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1774 and 1775, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence; subsequently de serted the American cause and joined the British in New York; in 1779 was examined before the House of Commons, and his testimony was not creditable to the British commander in America; died in En gland in 1803. He was the author of a number of political pamphlets bearing upon the conduct and the consequences of the war, which were published in London, and attracted much attention. Galloway, Samuel; was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1811; removed to Ohio in 1819; graduated at the Miami University in 1833; was a Professor in that institution, as well as in Hanover College, in Indiana; studied law and came to the bar in 1842; was at one time Secretary of State; was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con gress; was a benevolent man, and noted for his elo quence as an orator. Gallup, Albert ; was at one time Sheriff of Albany County, New York ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ; was ap pointed, by President Polk, Collector of Albany. Died at Providence, Rhode Island, November, 1851. Galusha, Jonas ; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, in 1753; was a Revolutionary soldier, and served at Bennington, Vermont; was a member of the Council from 1793 to 1798, and again from 1801 to 1805: was a member of the General Assembly in 1800; Judge of the State Supreme Court from 1795 to 1797, and from 1800 to 1806; Governor of Vermont from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1820. Died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, October 8, 1834. 18G BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Gamble, Hamilton R.; was an active member of the Constitutional Convention of Missouri at the opening of the Rebellion in 1861, and was made Acting and Provisional Governor of that State, when the regular Governor, C. F. Jaekson, joined the Confederacy. Died January 31, 1874. Q-amble, James; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Gamble, Roger L.; was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Georgia from 1833 to 1835, and from 1841 to 1843; afterwards Judge of the Superior Court of that State. Died December 20, 1847. Gannett, Barzilla ; graduated at Harvard Uni- versity in 1785; served four years in the State Legis lature; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1809 to 1811. Gannt, E. W.; was born in Tennessee, March 17, 1832; received a good education; removed to Ar kansas in 1850; was elected a Representative in Con- -gress in 1860, but does not appear to have taken his seat; in 1873 prepared a digest of the laws of Ar kansas; soon afterwards was appointed Commissioner to the Centennial Exhibition. Died at his home, June 10, 1874. Gansevoort, Leonard ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Ganson, John ; was born in Le Roy, Genesee . County, New York, January 1, 1818; graduated at Harvard College in 1839; adopted the profession of ithe law; was a member of the State Legislature in ,1862: was elected a Representative from New York to [the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Comniit- tee on Elections; was also a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Died in "Buffalo, New York, September 28, 1874. Garber. Silas ; was Governor of Nebraska from 1875 to 1879. Garcelon, Alonzo; was born at Lewiston, Maine, in 1813; was educated at Bowdoin College, graduating therefrom in 1836; graduated from the Ohio Medical College in 1839; in the same year com menced the practice of medicine at Lewiston, Maine; was Mayor of Lewiston for a time; served in the House of Representatives of the Maine Legislature; was Surgeon-General on the staff of the Governor of Maine during the Civil War; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1868 and for Governor in 1878; there having been no choice for Governor at the election in 1878 no candidate having received a majority of all the votes cast under the Constitution of Maine the election of a Governor devolved upon the Legislature, which, being Democratic by a small majority, elected Mr. Garcelon to the office. Gardenier, Barent; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1811. Gardiner, Mills ; was born in Russellville, Ohio, January 30, 1830; in 1854 removed to Fayette Count} , Ohio; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and began practice; was Prosecuting Attorney for Fayette Coun ty for four years; a State Senator from 1862 to 1864; a Presidential Elector in 1864; a Representative in the Legislature from 1866 to 1868; a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1873; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth Con- gre-w. Gardner, Charles K.; was born in Morris Coun ty, New Jersey, in 1787; was Ensign in the Sixth Infantry in 1808; Captain in 1812; Brigade-Major in 1812; Assistant Adjutant-General in 1813; Major of Twenty-fifth Infantry in 1813: Adjutant-General in 1814; Brevet Lieutenant -Colonel for distinguished service in 1815; Major of Third Infantry, and Adju tant-General of Division of the North; resigned in 1818; w as in the battles of Chrystlers Fields, Chip- pewa, and Niagara, and at the siege and defense of Fort Erie; in 1822 and 1823 edited the New York Patriot] was the author of a "Compendium of In fantry Tactics" in 1819; "Dictionary of the Army of the United States," in 1853; Second Edition, 1860; was Senior Assistant Postmaster-General in 1829; Auditor of the Treasury from 1836 to 1841; Post master at Washington City from 1845 to 1849; Sur veyor-General of Oregon from 1849 to 1853; was afterwards in the Treasury Department at Washing ton until 1867; he was the father of General Frank Gardner, who surrendered Port Hudson to the Fed eral Army in 1863. Died in Washington, November 1, 1869. Gardner, Francis ; was born in Leominster, Massachusetts. December 27, 1771; graduated at Har vard College; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1807 to 1809. Died at Rox- bury, Massachusetts, June 25, 1835. Gardner, Gideon; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts from 1809 to 1811. Gardner, Henry J.; was Governor of Massa chusetts from the year 1855 to 1858. Gardner, Joseph ; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785. Garfleld, James A.; was bom in Orange, Cuy- ahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831 ; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1856; adopted the profession of the law; in 1859 and 1860 was a member of the Ohio Senate; in 1861 entered the army as Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of Volunteers; was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1862, the day that he fought in the battle of Middle Creek, Kentucky; subsequently served at Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, and early in 1863 was appointed Chief of Staff to General Rosecrans, with whom he served until alter the battle of Chickamau- ga; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs, before taking his seat in Congress w y as appointed a Major-General of Volunteers " for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, from Septem ber 19, 1863; " re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, on the Postal Railroad to New York, and as Chairman of that on a Bureau of Education; was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866, and to the "Soldiers Convention," held in Pittsburg; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old Committees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs; re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Banking and Currency, the Census, and the Committee on Appropriations, and as Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; in 1872 received the degree of LL.D. from Williams College, was re- elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses; in 1880 was elected United States Senator from Ohio for the term of six years from March 4, 1881; in the fall of the same year was elected President of the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 187 United States, and resigned the positions of member of Congress and Senator; was installed in the Presi dency on March 4, 1881; on July second, of that year, as he was passing through the railroad depot at Washington, was shot in the back by an assassin; after a lingering illness the wound proved fatal, causing death on September 19, 1881. G-arfielde, Selucius ; was born in Shoreham, Vermont, December 8, 1822; removed to Kentucky in early life ; was educated at Augusta College ; read law, and was admitted to the bar; in 1849 was elected a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution; spent the following year in South America; emigrated to California in 1851; was elected a member of the Legislature of that State-in 1852, and in 1853 was selected to codify the laws of the State; returned to Kentucky in 1854; was a member of the Cincinnati National Convention in 1856; an Elector in that canvass; removed to Wash ington Territory in 1857, where he filled the position of Receiver of Public Moneys in 1860; was Sur veyor-General from 1866 to 1869 ; was elected a Delegate to the Forty-first Congress and re-elected to the Forty-second Congress. Died at Washington, D. C., April 13, 1883. Garland, A. H.; was born in Tipton County, Tennessee, June 11, 1832; was taken to Arkansas in the following year; graduated at St. Joseph s College, Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1849; studied law, and after coining to the bar settled at Little Rock; op posed the early movements of the Rebellion, but finally joined the State in the Southern cause; served in the Confederate Congress; was subsequently chos en to the United States Senate, but refused admis sion; in 1874 was for a short time Acting Secretary of State of Arkansas; was elected Governor of that State in 1874; in 1876 was elected United States Sen ator from Arkansas for the term of six years from March, 1877; was re-elected for another term in 1882, receiving the entire vote of his own party and of the Republicans in the State Legislature; but three votes being cast against him; in March, 1885, was ap pointed Attorney-General of the United States in the Cabinet of President Cleveland. Garland, David S.; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1809 to 1811. Died in October, 1841. Garland, Hugh A.; was born in Nelson County, Virginia, June 1, 1805; was grandson of General John Garland; graduated at Hampden Sidney Col lege in 1825; was Professor of Greek in that college for five years; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841; served five years in the State Legislature; was Clerk of the National House of Representatives from 1838 to 1841; acquired a competence by his profes sion, but by various misfortunes was reduced to poverty; when in his fortieth year removed to Mis souri, and was again successful in his profession; two books which he published (the Lives of John Randolph and Thomas Jefferson) were eminently successful. Diediat St. Louis, Missouri, October 14, 1854. His son, bearing his name, was killed in one of the battles in Tennessee during the Rebellion, whilst fighting against the Union. Garland, James ; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Garland, Rice ; was born in Virginia; removed to Louisiana; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1834 to 1840; resigned to become Judge of the Superior Court of Louisiana. Garnett, James M.; was born at Elm wood, in Essex County, Virginia, June 8, 1770; served for several years as a member of the Legislature of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1805 to 1809; was a member of the Convention assembled at Richmond in 1829 to revise the Constitution of Virginia; was interested in the cause of education, and devoted to the pursuits of agriculture, having presided over the Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg for more than twenty years, and toiled laboriously for the formation of a National Agricultural Society. Died at El in wood, May, 1843, aged sixty-two years. Garnett, Muscoe R. H.; Avas born in Essex County, Virginia; was educated at the University of Virginia; studied law; was a member of the Consti tutional Convention of the State in 1850; a member of the House of Delegates in 1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, and during the latter session was Chairman of the Committee on Finance; was elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress as a Representative from Virginia, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; was a Delegate to the Democratic Conventions at Baltimore and Cincinnati, in 18,52 and 1856 respectively; took part in the Rebellion. Garnett, Robert S.; was a native of Essex County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1817 to 1827. Garnsey, Daniel G.; was born in Saratoga County, New York; was a Representative in Con gress from that State, from 1825 to 1830. Garrard, James ; was born in Stafford County, Virginia, January 14, 1749; was an officer of the Revolution; afterward a member of the Legislature of Virginia, where he was an advocate of the Relig ious Freedom Bill; was one of the first settlers of Kentucky ; in 1782 settled near Paris, Bourbon County ; was, for several terms, a member of the Kentucky Legislature; was Governor of Kentucky from 1796 to 1804. Died at Mount Lebanon, Bourbon County, January 19, 1822. The hero of the battle of " Wild Cat," in 1802, was his son. Garrett, Abraham E. ; was born in Overton, March 6, 1830; received his education in country schools and at Poplar Spring College, Kentucky; studied law, but became a farmer; served in the army during the war; was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1865, and to the State Senate in 1867; was elected to the Forty -second Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Garrison, Daniel; was born in Salem County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1823 to 1827. Garrison, George Tankard ; was born in Ac- comae County, Virginia, January 14, 1835; graduated at Dickenson College, Pennsylvania, in 1853, and at the Law School of the University of Virginia in 1857; engaged in the practice of law; was a Representative in the State Legislature and, subsequently, a State Senator during the existence of the Confederacy; was Circuit Judge from 1870 to 1880; was elected a Rep resentative from Virginia to the Forty-seventh Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Garrow, Nathaniel; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829. Garth, William W.; was born in Morgan Coun ty, Alabama, October 28, 1827; was educated at La Grange, and at Emory and Heury College, Virginia; 188 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. studied law at the University of Virginia, and was admitted to practice; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fifth Congress. Gartlin, Alfred; was born in North Carolina; graduated at the University of that State; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1823 to 1825. G-artrell, Lucius J. ; was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, January 7, 1821 ; educated at Randolph Macon College, Virginia, and Franklin College, Athens, Georgia; adopted the profession of the law; in 1843 was elected, by the General Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor-General of the Northern Judicial Circuit; resigned in 1847, on being elected a Repre sentative to the Legislature; was re-elected in 1849; was a Presidential Elector for the State of Georgia in 1856; in 1857 was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Georgia; was one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a mem ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treas ury Department; re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Elections ; with drew in 1861, and retired to Georgia. G-arvin, William S.; was* a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847. Gaston, William ; was born in Newberne, North Carolina, September 19, 1778; his early education was conducted by his mother; advanced at the Cath olic College of Georgetown, District of Columbia; graduated at Princeton College in 1796; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1798; served a num ber of years in the State Legislature, one term as Speaker; was a Presidential Elector in 1808; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to 1817; in 1834 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1835 was a member of the State Convention to amend the Constitution; continued on the bench until the time of his death, which occurred January 23, 1844; was an able and successful law yer, and an upright judge, had a taste for polite lit erature, and is remembered in North Carolina as one of the most distinguished citizens of that State. Gates, Seth Merrill ; was born in Winfield, Herkimer County, New York, October 16, 1800; was self-educated; studied law, and commenced practice in 1827; was elected to the State Legislature in 1832, declining a re-election; in 1838 purchased, and be came editor of the Le Roy Gazette; was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Twenty -sixth Con gress, and was re-elected to the Twenty-seventh Con gress. In his paper and in Congress he advocated the right of petition, and on account of his hostility to slavery a reward of five hundred dollars was offered by a southern planter for his person. At the close of the Twenty-seventh Congress he drew up a protest against the annexation of Texas, which was signed by twenty-two Representatives John Quincy Adams heading the list of names; in 1848 was the Free-soil candidate for Lieu tenant-Governor of New York. Gause, Lucien Cotesworth ; was born at Laurel Hill Place, Brunswick County, North Caro lina, December 25, 1838; removed with his father to Lauderdale County, Tennessee, when quite young; was educated at a county school until sixteen years of age, and then at the University of Virginia; studied law at Cumberland University, Tennessee; graduated there; removed to Jacksonport, Arkansas, to practice, in 1859; enlisted in the infantry service of the Confederate Army in 1861; rose to the rank of Colonel ; surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana, May 26, 1865; returned to Jacksonport in July, and re sumed the practice of law; in 1866 served one term in the General Assembly, and was appointed one of the State Commissioners to visit Washington, in sup port of the existing State Government; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1872 by the Demo crats, but his seat was contested by his competitor, and the case was never determined; in 1874 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Gay, Edward J.; was born at Liberty, Bedford County, Virginia, February 3, 1816; in 1820 r^ moved, with his parents, to Illinois, and thence tc St. Louis, Missouri, in 1824; his early education was acquired from a private tutor, and in 1833 and 1834 he attended Augusta College, Kentucky; was early familiarized with business affairs, by assisting his father in important commercial transactions, and was largely interested in commercial affairs at St. Louis from 1838 to 1860; in 1855 removed to Louisiana, finally settling at Plaqiiemine, in that State; became largely engaged in commercial, manufacturing, and agricultural pursuits; in 1883, upon the foundation of the Louisiana Sugar Exchange, at New Orleans, was elected its first President; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Gayarre, Charles E. A.; was born in Louisi ana, January 3, 1805; was educated at the College of New Orleans; in 1826 went to Philadelphia and stud ied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1829, and re turned home; in 1830 was elected to the Legislature; in 1831 was appointed Deputy Attorney-General; in 1833 Presiding Judge of the City Court of New Or leans; and in 1835 was elected a Senator in Congress, but ill health prevented him from taking his seat; went to Europe, where he spent a number of years, and on his return, in 1843, was again returned to the State Legislature; in 1846 was appointed Secre tary of State, in which capacity he served seven years; as an author he acquired a high position, his leading works being "History of Louisiana," "Ro mance of the History of Louisiana," " Spanish Dom ination in Louisiana, a dramatic novel called The School of Politics," and a work on "The Influence of the Mechanic Arts." Gayle, John; was born in Sumter District, South Carolina, September 11, 1792; was educated at South Carolina College; emigrated to Alabama in 1813; in 1817 was appointed a member of the Terri torial Legislature; was Solicitor of the First Judicial District on the organization of the State Government; in 1823 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1829 was elected to the State Legisla ture, and was Speaker of the House; in 1831 was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1833; was Presi dential Elector in 1836 and in 1840; in 1847 was elected from Mobile County a Representative in Con gress; in 1849 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Alabama. Died near Mobile, July 21, 1859. Gaylord, Augustine S.; was born in 1825; was a successful lawyer in Michigan for many years; in November, 1875, was appointed an Assistant Attor ney-General of the United States for the Interior De partment. Gaylord, James M.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Gazley, James W.; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 189 Gear, John H.; was Governor of Iowa Iroin 1878 to 1882. G-eary, John "W.; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, about 1820; taught school: was a merchant s clerk in Pittsburg; afterwards studied at Jefferson College, and became a civil en gineer, and was several years connected with the Allegheny Portage Railroad; was Lieutenant-Colo nel of Roberts Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Mexican War, and commanded his regiment at Chapultepec, where he was wounded, but resumed his command the same day at the attack on Belen Gate; for meritorious conduct on that occasion, was made first Commander of the city of Mexico after its capture, and Colonel of his regiment; in 1849 removed to California, and was Postmaster of San Francisco; was first Alcalde of that city, and its first Mayor; in 1852 returned to his farm at Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; from July, 1856, to March, 1857, was Governor of Kansas; in 1861 returned to Pennsyl vania and raised and equipped the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers; commanded in several en gagements in that year; occupied Leesburg, Virginia, in March, 1862; was Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862; was wounded in the arm at Cedar Mount ain ; led the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg in 1863; commanded the Second Division of the Twen tieth Corps in Sherman s Georgia and South Carolina campaigns; was appointed Military Governor of Savannah on its capture in 1864; was chosen Gov ernor of Pennsylvania in 1867. Died at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1873. G-ebhard, John; was born in Claverack, New York ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823. Geddes, George "W.; was born at Mount Ver- non, Ohio, July 16, 1824; received a common-school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845, and engaged in practice; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Sixth Judicial Dis trict from 1856 to 1866, and again from 1868 to 1873; was the candidate of his party for Supreme Judge in 1871, but was defeated; was elected a Representa tive from Ohio to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Geddes, James ; was born near Carlisle, Penn sylvania, July 22, 1763; obtained a limited ed ideation while working upon a farm; removing to New York, he organized, in 1794, a company for the manufacture of salt at Onondaga; in 1800 was elected a magistrate; in 1804 and in 1821 was in the State Legislature; in 1809 was an Associate County Justice; in 1812 Judge of the Common Pleas; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1813 to 1815; in 1822 was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio Canal; in 1827 assisted in locating the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, as well as the Pennsylvania Canal. Died August 19, 1838. Geddes, John ; was Governor of South Carolina from 1818 to 1820; Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, March 5, 1828, aged about fifty-five years. Gentry, Meredith P.; was born in North Carolina in 1811; studied law and settled in the practice of his profession in Tennessee; was elected to the Legislature of the State in 1835 and 1837; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843, and from 1845 to 1853; took part in the Re bellion as a member of the "Confederate Congress." Died November 3, 1866. He was quite distinguished us an orator, and very popular as a man. George, James Z.; was born in Georgia in 1828; removed, with his father, to Mississippi, when a lad ; received a public school education; served in the army in the war with Mexico; studied law and was admitted to practice; served in the Confederate Army during the war of the Rebellion, in command of a regiment; was Chairman of the Democratic State Committee of 1875 and 1876; was elected Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court; was elected a Senator of the United States from Mississippi for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. George. M. O.; was born in Noble County, Ohio, May 13, 1849; received a good education, completing it at Willamette University, Oregon; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Portland, Oregon, in 1877; was a State Senator for four years; was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Forty-seventh and Forty -eighth Congresses. German, Obadiah ; was a Senator in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1815. Died September 24, 1842. Gerry, Elbridge ; was born at Marblehead, Mas sachusetts, July, 1744: graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1762; devoted himself for several years to commercial pursuits; was a member of the Legisla ture in 1773, and was appointed on the Committee on Correspondence; from 1776 to 1785 was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, and signed the Declaration of Independence; also the Articles of Confederation; while in Congress was a member of the Committee of Public Safety and Supplies, and when the Committee were in session at Menotomy, he, with Colonel Orne, escaped from the British troops at night by fleeing to a cornfield, while the house was searched for them; was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, but declined subscribing to it; was a Presidential Elector in 1793 ; was a Representative in the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1793; in 1797 was appointed Minister to France; in 1804 was one of the Presiden tial Electors; was Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811; in 1813 was inaugurated Vice-President of the United States; and filled the office until his his death, which took place at Washington, Novem ber 23, 1814. Gerry, Elbridge ; was born in Water ford, Ox ford County, Maine, December 6, 1815; received an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1840 was Clerk of the House of Representatives of Maine; in 1842 was appointed State s Attorney for Oxford County, and elected the following year; in 1846 was elected to the State Leg islature; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1849 to 1851. The signer of the Declar ation of Independence, bearing the same name, was his grandfather. Gerry, James ; was born in Maryland ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843. Gervais, John L.; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. Getz, J. Lawrence ; was born in Reading, Penn sylvania, September 14, 1821; received an academic education in Reading and in Nottingham, Maryland; read law, and came to the bar in 1846; having turned his attention to the newspaper business, was for twenty years the editor of the Reading Gazette and Democrat; in 1856 was elected to the State Legisla ture; in 1857 re-elected and made Speaker of thfr 190 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. House; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, Soldiers and Sailors Bounties, and Public Expenditures; re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses, serving on important Committees. Greyer Henry S.; was born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1798; early in life removed to Missouri; served in the War of 1812, and was Captain of the first? Militia company formed in the State of his adop tion ; adopted the profession of the law, and became eminent as a practitioner; took an active part in pol itics, and was a member of the Convention which formed a State Constitution ; was an active member of the first two sessions of the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker during his second term; suc ceeded Mr. Benton in the United States Senate, where he served from 1851 to 1857; while in Washington participated as Attorney in the Dred Scott case; was a man of ability, of pleasing manners, and of high character. Died at St. Louis, March 5, 1859. Gholson, James H.; was born in Virginia ; graduated at Princeton College in 18:20; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Virginia from 1833 to 1835. Died at Brunswick, Virginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years. Gholson, S. J. ; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi from 1837 to 1838 ; was subse quently appointed United States Judge for the Dis trict of Mississippi. G-holson, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1808 to 1816. Gibbons, Thomas ; was a citizen of Georgia; in 1801 was appointed District Judge of the United States Court for the State of Georgia. Gibbons, "William ; was a Delegate from Geor gia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Gibbs, Addison C.; was born at East Otto, Cataraugus County, New York, July 9, 1825; was educated at Griffith Institute, Springville, and the State Normal School at Albany, New York, from which latter he graduated; taught scaool and studied law; was admitted to the bar at Albany in 1849, and commenced practice in Jefferson County, New York ; in 1850 removed to Oregon; in 1851 was a volunteer in the Indian War in Oregon; was a Representative in the Legislature during the session of 1852-53; was Collector of Customs for the Southern District of Oregon from 1853 to 1857; in 1858, against his wish, was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the First Judi cial District, but declined to qualify, and the office was filled by appointment of the Governor; in the fall of 1858 removed to Portland, Oregon, and con tinued the practice of his profession; in 1862 was elected Governor of Oregon, and served four years; was one of the Commissioners to revise the State Code in 1863; at the close of his term as Governor was nominated, by his party, for United States Sen ator; in order to harmonize differences and unite the party, after nineteen ballots had been taken, during which time he came within one vote of an election, withdrew from the contest; resumed the practice of law, and was twice elected District Attorney; was Deputy United States District Attorney for four years, and United States District Attorney for two years. Gibbs, Richard; was a citizen of New York; in April, 1875, was appointed Minister Plenipoten tiary to Peru. Gibbs, "William Channing ; was Governor of Rhode Island from 1821 to 1824. Died in Newport, Rhode Island, February 21, 1871, aged eighty-four years. Gibson, Charles Hopper; was born in Queen Anne County, Maryland, January 19, 1842 ; was educated at the Archer School, in Harford County, Maryland, at Centreville Academy, and at Washing ton College, Chestertown ; was a clerk in the insur ance office of an uncle in Baltimore for two years; in 1862 began the study of law at Easton, Maryland; was admitted to the bar in 1864 and engaged in the practice of law at Easton; in 1867 was nominated, by President Johnson, to be a Collector of Internal Revenue, but was not confirmed by the Senate; in 1869 was appointed Auditor and Commissioner in Chancery; in 1870 resigned to accept the office of State s Attorney for Talbot County, Maryland, to which he was appointed by the Court; was elected to the office, in 1871, for a full term, and was re-elected in 1875; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-ninth Congress. Gibson, Eustace ; Avas born at Culpeper, Vir ginia, October 4, 1841; was, to a large extent, self- educated, having left school at the age of thirteen years; in 1856 went to Kansas, and was on the Southern side of the "John Brown War"; returned to Virginia in 1857; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1860; in 1861 volunteered as a private in the Confederate Army, and was elected a First Lieutenant; in 1863 was disabled by wounds, and was placed on the retired list with the rank of Cap tain; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1867; in 1871 settled at Huntington, West Virginia, in the practice of his profession, in which he speedily acquired eminence; in 1876 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Gibson, James King ; was born in Abington, Virginia, February 18, 1812; received a common school education; went to Alabama in 1833, and en gaged in mercantile pursuits; returned to Virginia and was Deputy Sheriff of Washington County in 1834 and 1835; was a merchant in Abington from 1835 to 1840; Postmaster at Abington from 1838 until 1849; was teller in the Exchange Bank of Virginia at Abington in 1849, and Notary Public: after the war became a farmer; was elected to the Forty -first Congress, serving on several committees. Gibson, John ; was born in Lancaster, Pennsyl vania, May 23, 1740; received a classical education; was an Indian trader at Fort Du Quesne, where he was captured by the Indians, and his life was saved by becoming the adopted son of a squaw; in 1774 rendered good service in the Dunrnore Expedition against the Shawnees, securing peace and the release of many prisoners; served with credit in the Revolu tionary Army in New York, New Jersey, and on the frontiers; in 1788 was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention; long a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and a General of Militia; in 1800 was appointed Secretary of the Territory of In diana, holding the position until it became a State; was Acting Governor of Indiana from 1811 to 1813. Died near Vincennes, April 10, 1822. His brother, George, also distinguished himself as a soldier in the Revolution. Gibson, Randall Lee ; was born in Springfield, Kentucky, September 10, 1832; began his education BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. at Lexington with a private tutor; graduated at Yale College in 1853, and in the Law Department of the University of Louisiana in 1855; spent three years in study, and traveled in Europe; was settled as a planter in Louisiana when the Civil War began, and entered the Confederate Army as a private soldier; rose to the command of a division; after the war began the practice of law in New Orleans; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty - seventh Congresses; was elected a Senator of the United States, from Louisi ana, for the term of six years from March 4, 1883. Giddings, De "Witt C.; was born in Susque- hanna County, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1827; received an academic education; studied law at Honesdale; removed to Texas; was admitted to the bar in 1852, and practiced ; entered the Confederate service, and served until the close of the war; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1866; was elected to the Forty -second Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Land Claims and Indian Affairs; was also elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Giddings, Joshua R.; was born at Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795; was a lawyer by profession; practiced in Ohio; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1826; was a Representa tive in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1859; was for many years recognized as one of the leaders of the Anti-slavery party, and was the author of a book on Florida, and also of a " History of the Great Rebel lion"; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Coiisul-General of British North America. Died at Montreal, suddenly, May 27, 1864. Giddings, Marsh; was appointed Governor of New Mexico in 1871 ; held the office four years. Died in June, 1875. Gi?ford, Oscar Sherman ; was born at Water- town, New York, October 20, 1842; removed to Illi nois in his youth ; received a common school and aca demic education; served in the Union Army as pri vate in the Elgin (Illinois) Battery from 1863 to 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870, and engaged in the practice of law at Canton, Dakota; was elected District Attorney for Lincoln County in 1874; in 1882 and 1883 was Mayor of the city of Can ton ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Dakota which convened at Sioux Falls September 7, 1883; was elected Delegate from Dakota to the Forty-ninth Congress. Gilbert, Abijah ; was born in Gilbertsville, Otsogo County, New York, June 18, 1806, the eldest of eighteen children ; was a student at Hamilton Col lege, but ill-health prevented him from graduating; engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York and elsewhere; removed to Florida for the health of his family; was elected a Senator in Congress from that State, for the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Post Offices and Post Roads. Gilbert, Edward ; was a Representative in Con gress from California from 1850 to 1851. Gilbert, Ezekiel ; was born in 1755, in Middle- town, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1778; was a member of Congress from New York from 1793 to 1797. He suffered, for thirty years, from a stroke of paralysis, and died at Hudson, New York, in July, 1842. Gilbert, Sylvester; was born in 1756, at He bron, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1775; str.died law, and was admitted to practice in 1777, at Hebron; in 1780 was a member of the General Assembly, being the youngest member in the House; in 1788 was appointed State s Attorney for Tolland County, and filled that office twenty-one years; in 1807 was appointed Chief Judge of the County Court and Judge of Probate, which offices he held until 1825, with the exception of his term as Representative in Congress from Connecticut in 1818 and 1819; in 1810 was a teacher of a law school, which he continued about seven years, during which time fifty-six students were prepared for the bar un der his tuition; in 1826 was again elected to the Leg islature, and was then the oldest member in the House, to which body he had, from the year 1780, been re-elected thirty times. Died in January, 1846. Gilbert, William A.; was born in Connecticut; removing to New York, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Gilchrist, John James ; was born at Medford, Massachusetts, February 16, 1809; graduated at Har vard University in 1828, and settled as a lawyer in Charlestown, New Hampshire; was a member of the Legislature ; Register of Probate ; Associate Judge in 1840; Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court in 1848, and of the United States Court of Claims in 1855; published a " Digest of New Hampshire Re ports." Died in Washington, April 29, 1858. Gilchrist, Robert B.; was a native of South Car olina; resided in Charleston ; about 1841 was ap pointed United States Judge for the District of South Carolina; for a time held the same position in Georgia. Giles, John ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, about the year 1788; graduated at Chapel Hill University in 1808; was a lawyer by profession, and engaged in the practice for more than thirty years; in 1829 was elected a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from North Carolina, but resigned before taking his seat, on account of ill-health; in 1835 was a member of the Convention which met to revise the Constitution; died March 2, 1846, in Stanley County, North Carolina, where his professional duties required his attendance before the Circuit Court. Giles, William Branch ; was born in Amelia County, Virginia, August 12, 1762; graduated at Princeton College in 1781; studied law, but aban doned the profession after practicing about six years; was a Representative in Congress from 1790 to 1798, and again from 1801 to 1802; in 1801 and 1805 was a Presidential Elector; was a United States Senator from 1804 to 1816; was subsequently a member of the Legislature; a few months after his first appoint ment to the Senate he was superseded by A. Moore, but was immediately re-appointed for the longer term; from 1826 to 1829 was Governor of his native State. Died in Albemarle County, Virginia, Decem ber 4, 1830. Giles, William Fell; was born in Harford County, Maryland, April 8, 1807; received an aca demic education in Baltimore and his native place; studied law in Baltimore, and came to the bar in 1829; was elected to the State Legislature in 1837 to 1839; in 1845 was elected to Congress; declined a re-nomination; in 1853 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Maryland. Gilflllan, O. W.; was born in Pennsylvania; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of that 192 B I O G li A P H 1 C A L ANNALS. State; in 1857 was elected Superintendent of Public- Instruction for Mercer County, holding the office two years; in 1859 was Transcribing Clerk in the State House of Representatives; in 1861 was ap pointed District Attorney for Venango County; in 18C2 was elected to the same position, and held the office for three years; in 1868 was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Revolutionary Pensions. Gilfillan, James ; was Treasurer of the United States from July, 1877, to March, 1883. Gilfillan, John B.; was born at Barnet, Cale donia County, Vermont, February 11, 1835; gradu ated at the Caledonia County Academy in 1855, and removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota; studied law; was admitted to the bar in July, 1860, and entered upon the practice of law at Minneapolis; was a mem ber of the Board of Education from 1860 to 1868; was an Alderman of the city of Minneapolis from 1865 to 1869; was Prosecuting Attorney of Hennepin County from 1863 to 1867, and from 1869 to 1873; was City Attorney of Minneapolis from 1861 to 1864 ; was a member of the State Senate of Minnesota from 1875 to 1885; became Regent of the State University of Minnesota in 1880, and continued in that office; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-ninth Congress. Gill, Charles B.; was a citizen of Wisconsin; was Commissioner of Pensions in the Department of the Interior from February 10 to March 28, 1876. Gill, Moses ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1797; was acting Governor of the State from 1799 to 1800, in the place of Increase Sumner. Gillespie, James ; was a member of the Provin cial Congress of North Carolina; was a Representative in the United States Congress from that State from 1793 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died January 10, 1805. Gillet, Ransom H.; was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, January 27, 1800; his early employment was on his father s farm, in Sara toga County, in the summer, and lumbering in the pine forest during the winter; in 1819 removed to St. Lawrence County, where he was employed to teach school during the winter, and attended the St. Law rence Academy during the summer; in 1821 engaged in the study of law with Silas Wright, at Canton, still continuing to teach for his support; was admitted to the bar, and settled in Ogdensburg, where he con tinued, devoted to his profession, for about twenty years; in 1827 was appointed Brigade-Major and In spector of Militia; in February 27, 1830, was ap pointed Postmaster of Ogdensburg, which office he tilled three years; in 1832 was a member of the Baltimore Convention, which nominated Generel Jackson for President; was elected the same year a Representative in Congress; re-elected in 1834, and served as a member of the Committee on Commerce ; in 1837 was appointed, by President Van Buren, a Commissioner to treat with the Indian tribes in New York, and continued in that service until 1839; in 1840 was a member of the Baltimore Convention which re-nominated Mr. Van Buren; engaged in the practice of law; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, Register for the Treasury, serving until 1847, when he was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, in which office he continued until the autumn of 1849 ; resumed the practice of law in New York; in 1855 became Assistant to the Attorney-General of the United States, and continued in that office until he resigned in 1858, and President Buchanan appointed him Solicitor of the Court of Claims, which position he held until 1861; subsequently devoted himself to literary labors. Gillette, Edward H.; was born at Bloomfield, Connecticut, October 1, 1840; completed his education at the New York State Agricultural College in 1862; in 1863 removed to Des Moines, Iowa, and engaged in various pursuits; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-sixth Congress. Gillette, Francis; was a Senator in Congress from Connecticut, during the session of 1854 and 1855, for the unexpired term of Truman Smith, resigned. Gillis, James L.; was born at Hebron, Washing ton County, New York, October 2, 1792; received a common school education; served an apprenticeship to the currying and tanner s trade; during the cam paigns of 1812 and 1813, served as a volunteer from New York; in 1814 was commissioned a Lieutenant by the Governor of New York; having been taken prisoner by the British, was transported to Halifax, where he remained until the close of the war; subse quently returned to Ontario County, and established himself as a farmer; in 1823 removed to Pennsyl vania; in 1840 was elected to the Legislature of that State; in 1842 was appointed one of the Judges of Jefferson County; in 1845 was elected to the State Senate; in 1851 again re-elected to the lower House; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Gillon, Alexander; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1794. Died during the latter year. Gilman, Charles J.; was born in New Hamp shire; served in the Legislature of that State in 1854; removed to Maine; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Gilman, John Taylor; was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, December 19, 1753: was a volunteer in the Revolutionary Army; a Delegate from New Hampshire, in 1780, to the Hartford Convention; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, in the latter year succeeding his father as Treasurer of New Hampshire; this office he resigned to become a Commissioner to settle certain accounts for the States, but was re-elected in 1791 ; was Gov ernor of New Hampshire from 1794 to 1805, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he declined a re-elec tion. Died September 1, 1828. Gilman, Joseph ; was appointed in 1796 a Ter ritorial Judge of the United States Court for the Ter ritory Northwest of the Ohio River. Gilman, Nicholas ; was a Delegate from New- Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788; a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, and signed that instrument; after the adoption of the Constitution was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from 1789 to 1797; was a Sena tor in Congress from New Hampshire from 1805 to 1814. Died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1814, aged fifty-two years. Gilmer, George B.; was born in Wilkes County, (now Oglethorpe), Georgia, April 11, 1790; received an academic education; studied BIOGRAPHICAL ANNULS. 193 law, and settled at Lexington, Cglethorpe County, Georgia; in 1813, as First Lieutenant of the Forty- third Regiment, United States Army, participated in the Creek War; in 1818 entered upon the practice of his profession; was elected to the State Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1821 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835; was Governor of the .State for the terms commencing in 1829 and 1837, land during the latter term removed the Cherokee Indians from Georgia; was President of the Board of Presidential Electors in 1836; was also a Presidential Elector in 1840; for thirty years performed the duties of Trustee of the Georgia College; was the author of a book, published in 1855, entitled "Georgians, . which contains much useful and interesting informa tion touching the early settlement of his native State. Died at Lexington, Georgia. November 15. 1859. G-ilmer, John A. ; was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, November 4, 1805; acquired a good English education at winter schools, working on a farm and in the shop during the summers; taught school, and thus obtained the means to enter the ; academy at Greeusborough for three years; became . a good linguist and mathematician, and taught for three years in a grammar school; afterwards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832; was a member of the State Senate from 1846 to 1856, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elec tions; in 1856 was the Whig candidate for Governor of North Carolina, but was defeated; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Elections; withdrew in 1861; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Died in Greensborough, May 14. 1868. Gilnier, Thomas W. ; was a native of Virginia; received a limited education; studied law, and while practicing the profession edited a newspaper; served frequently in the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House ; held many positions of prominence ; was Governor of the State in 1840; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1841 to 1843; was Secretary of the Navy under President Tyler; was killed by an accident on board the United States steamer Princeton, February 28, 1844. G-ilmore, Alfred ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Gilmore, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833. Died May 18, 1845. Gilmore, Joseph Atherton; was born in Weston, Vermont, June 10, 1811; w r as brought upon a farm: went to Boston at the age of fifteen, and en tered a store; became interested in railroads and mining, and acquired a large fortune; returned to New Hampshire in 1843; was Superintendent of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad from 1853 to 1856, and also of the Concord and other connecting lines until 1866; was State Senator in 1858 and 1859; President of that body in 1859 ; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1863 to 1865. Died in Concord, New Hampshire, April 17, 1867. Gilpin, Henry D.; was born in Philadelphia in 1801 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1819; studied law, and began to practice in Phila delphia in 1822; was United States Attorney for his State in 1832; Solicitor of the United States Treasury 13 in 1837; United States Attorney-General in 1840 and 1841; published a volume of reports of cases in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1837, and "Opin ions of the Attorney-Generals" in 1840; from 1826 to 1832 edited the Atlantic Souvenir; was President of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and Vice- President of the Historical Society; wrote several of the biographies of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and other biographies and discourses, and supervised The Madison Papers, when pub lished by Congress. Died in Philadelphia, Decem ber 29, 1869. Gist, Joseph ; was born in Union District, South Carolina, in 1775; was educated at the Charleston College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; served in the Legislature of his native State for eighteen years; was a Representative in Congress from South Caro lina from 1821 to 1827; served as a Trustee of the State College. Died May 8, 1835. Gist, "William H.; was born in Sout i Carolina, and was Governor of that State from 1858 to 1860. Glass, Presley T.; was born in Halifax County, Virginia, October 18, 1829; in 1828 removed, with his parents, to Weakley County, West Tennessee, then almost a wilderness; was reared on a farm; was chiefly educated at the "old field schools" of the county, and at the Dresden Academy; labored on his father s farm until he reached the age of eighteen; then, for two and a half years, received private in struction from the principal of the County Academy; read law, and attended the Law School of Transyl vania University, of Kentucky, during one session; on his return from college, at the age of twenty-two, was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in the same year, 1847, was admitted to the bar; the year previous he had been elected, and commissioned by the Governor, a Colonel of Militia; at the expira tion of his legislative term entered upon the practice of law; in 1849 removed to Landerdale County, Ten nessee; soon abandoned the practice of his profes sion, and engaged in the occupation of a merchant; in the autumn of 1849 was appointed Trustee of the County Male Academy, serving five years; was for some time an Alderman of the town of Ripley, in which he resided ; in 1852 was elected a Magistrate, serving for several years as Chairman of the County Court; was re-elected, but resigned before the expira tion of his second term; in May, 1861 was appointed Major and Commissary of Subsistence in the Confed erate service, serving throughout the Civil War; at the close of the war returned to his home in Ripley; in February,, 1866, removed to Memphis, Tennessee, and engaged in the commission business; two years later sold out to his partner, and went to Trenton, Tennessee, where he joined his brother John in the newspaper business, and became editor of the Tren ton Gazette ; in December, 1868 he was married, and soon after settled on his farm in Haywood County, Tennessee ; in the autumn of 1869 returned to his old home in Ripley, Tennessee, and resumed business as a merchant; in 1871 was again elected a Magistrate; was re-elected, and served as Chairman of the Board and Judge of the County; in 1881 was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty- ninth Congress. Glasscock, John R.; was born in Panola Coun ty, Mississippi, August 25, 1845; removed to Virginia in 1854, and to California in 1856; received a col legiate education, graduating from the College of California (now the University of California) in 1865; 194 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. studied law, and graduated from the Law School of the University of Virginia in 1888; was admitted to the bar in Virginia and California in that year and engaged in the practice of law in the latter State; in 1875 was elected District Attorney of Alameda County, and served one term, declining a re-nomina tion; was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-eighth Congress. Glascoek, Thomas ; was a soldier and states man of Georgia; served at the siege of Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhibited great skill and bravery; was appointed Colonel of the troops ordered out by the Legislature, in defense of the State against the Indians, on the western frontier, and was afterwards elected General of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1836 to 1839, and highly respected for his talents and character. Died at Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. Glasgow, Hugh. ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Gleason, William E.; was born in Maryland; emigrated to Dakota, where he was appointed United States Judge for that Territory, residing at Yankton. Glen, John; was a native of Maryland; was lib erally educated; adopted the profession of the law; was for many years a Judge of the United States District Court of Maryland. Died in Baltimore, July 8, 1853. Glenn, Elias; was born in Maryland; was ap pointed Judge of the United States Court for that State. Glenn, Henry ; took an active part in the Revo lutionary War; was a Representative from New York in Congress from 1793 to 1801. Died at Schenectady in 1814, aged seventy-three years. Glick, George W.; was born near Greencastle, Fairfield County, Ohio, July 4, 1827; received a thorough English education, and was well advanced in the classics; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1850; in 1859 removed to Kansas, settling at Atchison, in that State, in the practice of law; in 1862 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and, by re-elections, served nine sessions in the House and Senate; in 1872 abandoned his profession and engaged in farming and stock-raising; in 1882 was elected Governor of Kansas fir the term of two years from January, 1883. Gloninger, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative from that State in the Twelfth Congress; resigned before the expiration of his term, and E. Crouch was elected in his place. Glossbrenner, Adam J.; was born in Hagers- town, Maryland, August 31, 1810; apprenticed at an early age to the printing business, which was his school; when seventeen years of age traveled in the West; became foreman in the office of the Ohio Monitor, and afterwards of the Western Telegraph; in 1829 re turned to Maryland; went thence to Pennsylvania, and settled at York, where he published the York (lazettc, and held various offices of trust and responsi bility; in 1849 was elected Sergeaut-at-Arnis of the National House of Representatives for the Thirty -first Congress, and was re-elected to the same office by the four following Congresses; in 1861 was Private Sec retary to President Buchanan ; in 1863 became one of the founders of the Philadelphia Age; in 1864 was Delected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Engrossed Bills; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy Department and Execu tive Mansion. Glover, John Milton ; was born in Saint Louis, Missouri, June 23, 1835; was educated at Washing ton University, Saint Louis, Missouri; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Saint Louis; held no public office prior to his election as a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Glover, John Montgomery; was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, September 4, 1824; re ceived a collegiate education, but left college before graduating; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but practiced only a short time; was appointed a Colonel of Cavalry; commissioned Colonel of the Third Missouri Volunteer Cavalry in 1861; resigned, in 1864, on account of impaired health; in 1866 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Missouri; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Education and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty -fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. Goddard, Calvin ; was born in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, July 17, 1768; graduated at Dart mouth in 1786; was admitted to the bar in Norwich, Connecticut, in 1790; settled at Plainfield, from which place he was elected a Representative in the Legislature for nine sessions, during three of which he was Speaker of the House; removed to Norwich in 1807; from 1801 to 1805 was a Representative in Congress; from 1808 to 1815 was a member of the State Council; in 1813 a Presidential Elector; in 1814 a Delegate to the Hartford Convention; from 1815 to 1818 Judge of the Superior Court; was State s Attorney for the County of New London for five years, and Mayor of Norwich for seventeen years. Died at Norwich, May 2, 1842. Godshalk, "William ; was born at East Not tingham, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1817; received a common school and academic education ; engaged in the occupation of a miller; was Associate Judge of Bucks County from 1871 to 1876; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Goff, Nathan. Jr.; was born in Harrison County, Virginia (now West Virginia) February 9, 1842; at tended the common schools and the Northwestern Academy; in 1859 entered Georgetown College, Dis trict of Columbia; left college in 1861, and entered the Union Army; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; graduated from the University of the City of New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1865; was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1867; re- elected in 1868; before the expiration of his term, was appointed United States District Attorney, and served in that capacity until January, 1881; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1870, and for Governor in 1876; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1868, 1872, 1876, and 1880; in January, 1881, became Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Hayes, serving until March, 1881; upon retiring from the Cabinet, was re-ap pointed United States District Attorney, which office he resigned in 1882; was elected a Representa tive from West Virginia to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 195 Goforth, John; was born in Pennsylvania; in 1873 was appointed an Attorney-General of the United States. G-ogfgln, "William L.; was born in Bedford County, Virginia, May 31, 1807; received an aca demic education; studied law in Winchester; was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practiced in several of the Circuit and District Courts of the State; in 1836 was a member of the Legislature, and in 1837 declined a re-election; in 1839 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Virginia, and was re- elected in 1841, 1843, and 1847; was Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads during his last term; was afterwards appointed one of the Visitors to West Point, under the administration of President Fillmore; in 1859 was nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia. Died in Richmond, January 5, 1870. Gold, Thomas R.; was a native of New York; graduated at Yale College in 1786; was a member of the State Senate from 1797 to 1802; a member of the Assembly in 1808; a Representative in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1813, and aeain from 1815 to 1817. Died in 1826. Goldsboroug-h, Charles "W.; was Governor of the State of Maryland ; was a Representative in Con gress from 1805 to 1817. Died at Shoal Creek, Mary- laud December 13, 1834. G-oldsborougii, Robert ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775; at the time the Declaration of Independence was signed, he was at home on a sick-bed, and soon afterwards died, at his residence in Maryland; he was by profession a physician. Goldthwaite, George ; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 10, 1809; received a good education; removed to Alabama; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1826; was on the Bench of the Circuit Court, and afterward of the Supreme Court, of which he was Chief Justice for some years ; was Adjutant-General of Alabama during the war; was elected to the United States Senate in 1870 for the term ending in 1877; when elected, his residence was Montgomery, Alabama; served on the Committee on Claims and Revolutionary Claims. Golladay, Edward I.; was born in Lebanon, Tennessee, September 9, 1831; graduated at Cumber land University; taught school; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852; was elected to the State Legislature in 1857; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; served in the Confederate Army as Colonel, and participate ! in several important engagements; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Golladay, Jacob S.; was a native of Kentucky; was a member of the Legislature of that State from Logan County in 1850, 1851, and 1853; a State Sen ator from 1853 to 1855; in 1867 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Hise; resigned in 1870; was also elected to the Forty-first Congress to fill a vacancy. Gooch, Daniel W.; was born in Wells, State of Maine, in January, 1820; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1843; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; commenced the practice of his profession in Boston ; in 1852 was elected to the Legislature of Massachu setts; in 1853 to the Constitutional Convention of the State, and subsequently a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Massachusetts, for an un- expired term; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ter ritories; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims and Foreign Aifairs; re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, but in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Navy Agent for the port of Boston; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; again elected to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Goode, John, Jr.; was born in Bedford County, Virginia, May 27, 1829; was a student at the New London Academy; graduated at Emory and Henry College in 1848; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1851; was elected a member of the Legis lature of Virginia in 1851, and again in 1866; was a member of the Virginia Convention which adopted the Ordinance of Secession in 1861; was elected to the Confederate Congress in 1861; re-elected in 1863, and served in that position until the close of the war; was a member of the Electoral College in 1852, and again in 1856; was a Delegate to the National Demo cratic Convention in 1868, and was appointed, by that body, a member of its Executive Committee, and re-appointed at Baltimore in 1872; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-sixth Congresses; in 1885 was appointed, by President Cleveland, Solicitor-General of the United States, and served several months, but his nomination was finally rejected by the Senate. Goode, Patrick G.; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1843. Goode, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1799 to 1801. Goode, "William O.; was born at Inglewood, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, September 16, 1798; was educated at the College of William and Mary; studied law, and commenced the practice in 1821 ; was, early in life, elected for several terms a member of the State Legislature; in 1829 was a member of the State Reform Convention of Virginia; in 1832 was again elected to the State Legislature, and took an active part in the debates on slavery of that year; was again elected to the Legislature in 1838; was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia in 1841, serving until 1843; was subsequently again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House of Delegates for several sessions; was a mem ber of the State Reform Convention of 1850, and was chosen Chairman of the Legislative Committee; was a member of the House of Delegates, called to put the New Constitution into operation, and Chairman of the Committee on Finance: in 1853 was again elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, and was regularly re-elected until the Thirty-fifth Congress, in which he served as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Died near Boydtown, Vir ginia, July 3, 1859. Goodenow, John M.; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1831. Died in 1838, aged fifty-six years. Goodenow, Robert ; was born in Farmington, New Hampshire, in 1800; admitted to the bar in 1821; was County Attorney from 1828 to 1834, and in 1841; having taken up his residence in Maine, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853; in 1857 was appointed Bank Commis sioner for the State. 196 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. G-OOdenow, Rufus K.; was born in Henniker, New Hampshire, April 24, 1790; removed with his father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated in a country school ; was a farmer, and for many years a common sailor; entered the army in 1812 as Captain in the Thirty-third Regiment of United States In fantry, and served in that capacity until 1815; upon the organization of a State Government was ap pointed Clerk of the Courts for Oxford County, and removed to Paris; held this office sixteen years ; was a member of the Maine Legislature; a Presidential Elector in 1840; represented his District in the Thirty- first Congress. Died at Paris, March 24, 1863. G-oodhue, Benjamin ; was born at Salem, Massa chusetts, October 1, 1748; graduated at Harvard University in 1766; received literary honors from Yale College in 1804; early in life engaged in commercial pursuits; was a Whig during the Revolution; repre sented his native county in the State Senate from 1784 to 1789, when he was elected a Representative to Congress under the new constitution, and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadelphia, formed our code of revenue laws, the majority of which have never been abrogated; in 1796 was elected a Senator of the United States, and became distinguished as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; in 1800 resigned his seat and retired from public life. Died at Salem, July 28, 1814. G-oodin, John R.; was born at Tiffin, Ohio, December 14, 1836; removed to Kenton, Ohio, in 1844; received a collegiate education ; studied law ; was ad mitted to the bar in 1857, and commenced practice at Kenton; in 1859 removed to Humboldt, Kansas; in 1866 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; in 1867 was elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial District for the term of four years; was re- elected in 1871 ; resigned in 1875, to take his seat as a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-fourth Congress. Goodloe, William C.; was a resident of Ken tucky; in 1878 was appointed United States Minister to Belgium. G-oodrich, Aaron; was a native of Tennessee; received a good education, and adopted the profession of the law ; in 1849 was appointed Chief Justice of the United State s District Court for the Territory of Minnesota, and was the first Judge appointed for that District. G-oodrich, Chauncey; was born at Durham, Connecticut, October 20, 1759; graduated at Yale College in 1776, with a high reputation for genius and. acquirements; after spending several years as tutor in that institution, established himself as a lawyer at Hartford in 1781, and soon attained eminence in the profession; was a Representative in the Legislature in 1793; a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1801; from 1802 to 1807 was a Councilor of the State; was elected United States Senator from 1807 to 1813; was elected Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and resigned his seat in Congress; was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of the State in 1813; was a Delegate to the Hartford Convention in 1814. Died at Hart ford, August 18, 1815. G-oodrich, Elizur ; belonged to the Washington school of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Collector of Customs at New Haven, immediately on the accession of Jefferson to the Presidency, gave occasion for the famous letter in which Jefferson avowed his principle of removal for political opinions; besides being honored with various offices of trust and responsibility, was, for some time, professor of Law in Yale College, and for many years the efficient Mayor of New Haven; was twice elected to the State Legislature ; was a Judge of the County and Probate Courts for fifteen years; was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1799 to 1801. Died in New Haven, November 1, 1849. G-oodrich, John Z.; was born in Sheffield, Mas sachusetts, September 27, 1801 ; adopted the profes sion of the law, but turned his attention to manu facturing; was a Presidential Elector in 1841; served in the State Legislature in 1848 and 1849; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1851 to 1855, from his native State; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of Boston; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. G-oodrich, Milo ; was born in Homer, New York, January 3, 1820; received an academic education; studied law; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention in 1867; was elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Goodwin, Henry C.; was born in De Ruyter, Madison County, New York, June 25, 1824; received an academic education; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1846; in 1847 was elected District Attorney of Madison County, and held the office three years; was a Representative from New York to the second session of the Thirty -third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Died at Hamilton, Madison County, New York, November 12, 1860. Good-win, Ichabod; was born in South Ber wick, Massachusetts Province, May 25, 1743; ac companied his father, who was wounded, in 1758, to Ticonderoga; was a member of the Provincial Con gress in 1775 and 1777; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Gerrish s York County regiment, having charge of the Saratoga prisoners; was Major-General of Militia from 1783 to 1815; a member of the General Court in 1792; sheriff of York County, Maine, from 1793 to 1820. Died in South Berwick, May 25, 1829. Goodwin, Ichabod ; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1860 to 1861. G-oodwin, John N.; was born in South Ber wick, Maine; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1844; studied law, and commenced practice in South Berwick; in 1854 was elected to the Senate of Maine; in 1860 was a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Invalid Pensions; was subse quently appointed, by President Lincoln, Chief Jus tice of the Territory of Arizona, and afterwards Gov ernor; was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty-ninth Congress. Good-win, Peterson ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1818. Died in November of the latter year. Goodyear, Charles ; was born in Cobleskill, Schoharie County, New York, April 26, 1805; gradu ated at Union College in 1824; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827, was a member of the State Assembly in 1839; in 1841 was appointed First Judge of Schoharie County; was a Representative from New York in the Twenty-ninth Congress; dis continued the practice of his profession in 1852, and turned his attention to the business of private bank ing in Schoharie and the city of New York; in 1864 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 197 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress; during his first term in Con gress he served on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions, and during the Thirty-ninth Congress on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Revolutionary Pensions, uud on a Bureau of Education; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven-* tion " of 1866, and that of New York in 1868. Gordon, James ; was for seven years a member of the State Senate of New York; twelve years in the State Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1791 to 1795. Gordon, John B.; was born in Upson County, Georgia, February 6, 1832; was educated at the Uni versity of Georgia; was admitted to the bar; at the beginning of the war entered the Confederate Army as Captain of Infantry, and was promoted, by regu lar grades, to the command of the Second Army Corps; commanded one wing of General Lee s army at Appomattox Court House ; was wounded in battle eight times; was the Democratic candidate for Gov ernor of Georgia in 1868, and his party claimed his election by a large majority, but his opponent was declared elected; was a member of the National Democratic Convention of 1868; was a Delegate from the .State at large to the National Democratic Con vention of 1872; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 and in 1872; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Agricul ture, and Education and Labor; was re-elected for the term ending in 1885; resigned in 1880. Gordon, Samuel; was born in New York; served in the State Assembly in 1834 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1845 to 1847; in 1863 was ap pointed Provost-Marshal for the Nineteenth District of New York. Gordon, William ; was a graduate of Harvard College in 1779; was Attorney-General for the State of New Hampshire; a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1797 to 1800, when he re signed. Died in Boston, May, 1802, aged thirty- nine years. Gordon, William F.; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1828 to 1835; he is said to have been the orig inator of the Sub-Treasury System. Died in Albe- marle County, July 2, 1858. Gore, Christopher; was born in Boston, Mas sachusetts, in 1758; graduated at Harvard College in 1776; settled in Boston as a lawyer, and in 1789 was appointed District Attorney for the District of Mas sachusetts, under the new Constitution of the United States; in 1796 was appointed a Commissioner under the fourth article of Jay s Treaty; this appointment compelled him to go to London, where he remained eight years, during the last of which he was Charge. iV Affaires; was chosen Governor in 1809; in 1813 was chosen a Senator of the United States, in which capacity he served until 1816, when, after serving as a Presidential Elector during that year, he retired to private /ife. Died March 1, 1827, aged sixty- eight. Having no children, Mr. Gore left valuable bequests to the American Academy and the Histori cal Society, of which he was a member, and made Harvard College, of which institution he had been a Fellow and Trustee, his residuary legatee. He was for a time the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. Gorham, Benjamin; was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, February 13, 1775: graduated at Cam bridge in 1795; studied law with Theophilus Parsons, of Newburyport, and rose to eminence at the bar of Boston; was a Representative in Congress from the Suffolk District from 1820 to 1823, and from 1827 to 1831, and from 1833 to 1835; was afterwards for a short time a member of the State Legislature, but spent the closing years of his life in retirement. Died in Boston, Massachusetts, September 27, 1855. Gorham, Charles T.; was Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior at Washington, from March, 1876, to April, 1877. Gorham, George C.; was born in New York; removed to California, where he entered into politics, and was defeated for two or three elective offices; in 1868 was elected Secretary of the United States Sen ate, in which position he continued until 1881. Gorham, Nathaniel ; was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, May 27, 1738; received a common school education; settled in business in his native town; was its Representative in the Legislature from 1771 to 1775; was a Delegate to the Provincial Con gress in 1774 and 1775 ; again a member of the Leg islature, and a member of the Board of War from 1778 until its dissolution; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1779; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to 1787, and was chosen President of that body in 1786; was, for several years, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a member of the Con vention for framing the Federal Constitution, and was called by Washington to fill the chair in the Committee of the W T hole for three months; was afterwards influential in its adoption by the State; in connection with Oliver Phelps he purchased an immense tract of land on the Genesee River, now comprising ten or twelve counties in the State of New York, of which tract his eldest son was a pioneer settler. Died at Canandaigua, October 22, 1826. Gorman, Arthur P.; was born in Howard County, Maryland, March 11, 1839; received a lim ited education ; in 1852 was appointed a Page in the United States Senate; continued in the service of that body until 1866, at which time he was Post master of the Senate; in that year was removed from office, and was immediately appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of Maryland, remaining in office until 1869; in that year was ap pointed a Director in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company; in the same year was elected a member of the State House of Delegates; was re-elected in 1871, and was made Speaker; in 1872 was elected President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, and continued in that position by successive re-elections; was a State Senator from 1875 to 1880, when he re signed, having been elected a Senator of the United States from Maryland for the term of six years, from March 4, 1881. Gorman, Willis Arnold ; was born near Flemingsburg, Kentucky, January 12, 1814; studied law, and commenced practice in 1825 at Bloomiiig- ton, Indiana; in 1837 and 1838 was Clerk of the Indiana Senate: was several years a member of the State Legislature; was Major of the Third Indiana Volunteers in the Mexican War; commanded an independent battalion at the battle of Buena Vista; in 1847 raised the Fourth Indiana Volunteers, which he commanded in several battles; in 1848 was Civil and Military Governor of Puebln; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1849 to 1853, from Kentucky; 198 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was Governor of Minnesota from 1853 to 1857; mem ber of its Constitutional Convention in 1857; prac ticed law at St. Paul until 1861; when he was chosen Colonel of the First Minnesota Volunteers; appointed Brigadier-General, September, 1861 ; was in the bat tles of Ball s Bluff and West Point; led a bayonet charge at Fair Oaks, and commanded a brigade in Howard s division of Second Corps at Antietam. G-orshire, William B.; was born in New York; rejnoved to Colorado, where he was appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Colorado, residing at Denver. Gross, James H.; was born at Union Court House, South Carolina, August 9, 1820; engaged in mercantile pursuits; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. GrOtt, Daniel ; was born in Connecticut; on re moving to New York was elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851. Gould, Herman D.; was born in Connecticut; having taken up his residence in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849 to" 1851. Died in Delhi, New York, in 1852. Gourdin, Theodore ; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1815. Died January 17, 1826. GrOvan, A. B.; was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1822 to 1827, having first been elected for the unexpired term of James Overstreet. Gove, Samuel F.; was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts, March 9, 1822; received a common school education; removed to Georgia in 1838, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; was a Captain and Assessor of Taxes for Bibb County in the Confederate service; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1837; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, servingonthe Conmr.ttee on the Navy Department. Graham, Daniel ; was born in Tennessee; in 1847 was appointed Register of the Treasury Depart ment, remaining in office until 1849. Graham, James ; was born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, in January, 1793; graduated at the University of that State in 1814; studied law, and practiced with success for many years; served four years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1833 to 1843, and from 1845 to 1847; passed the closing years of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits. Died Septem ber 25, 1851. Graham, James H.; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Graham, John ; was a citizen of Virginia; in 1819 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Por tugal; also went to Brazil on diplomatic business; returned to the United States in 1820. Died July 31 of that year. Graham, "William; was born in 1783; received a limited education; was a member of the Convention which framed the .State Constitution of Indiana; served many years in both branches of the State Leg islature, and was Speaker in 1820; was a Represent* ative in Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839J Died near Valonia, Indiana, in 1857. Graham, "William A.; was born in North Caro lina, September 5, 1804, and was the son of General * Joseph Graham of the Revolution; was educated a# Chapel Hill University, where he graduated in 1824;, studied law, and came to the bar at Newberne; served- in the State Legislature from 1833 to 1836, and also 1 in 1839 and 1840; was a Senator in Congress from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843; in 1844 was elected 1 Governor of the State, and re-elected in 1846; was> Secretary of the Navy under President Filmore; sub sequently was nominated for the office of Vice-Presi- dent on the ticket with Winfield Scott; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866; subsequently held the position of Arbitrator between the States of Virginia and Maryland. Died at Saratoga, New York, August 11, 1875. Granger, Amos P.; was born in Suffield, Hart ford County, Connecticut, in June, 1789; received a common school education; in 1811 removed to Man- lius, New York, and was for a time President of that corporation ; served as a Captain of Militia at Sackett s Harbor in 1812; subsequently became a General of Militia; in 1820 removed to Syracuse, and for many years devoted himself to agricultural and mercantile pursuits; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Territories; in early life became zealously attached to the Episcopal Church, and by his liberality and knowledge of ecclesiastical history did much for the prosperity of the church in his section of the country; was a cousin of Francis Granger. Died in Syracuse, New York. August 20, 1866. Granger, Bradley F.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Granger, Francis ; was born December 1, 1792, in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1811; on removing to New York was, for five years from 1826, a member of the Gen- erai Assembly of that State; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, when he resigned to accept from President Harrison, the appointment of Postmaster- General; after that time lived in retirement; was a member of the Peace Convention of 1861. Died at Canandaigua, New York, August 28, 1868. Granger, Gideon; was born in Suffield, Con necticut, July 19, 1767; graduated at Yale College in 1787; in the following year was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, where he prac ticed with great distinction; in 1793 was elected a member of the Legislature, and continued in that body several years; to his exertions the State is principally indebted for its school fund; in 1801 was appointed Postmaster-General of the United States, and continued in that office until 1814, when he re moved to the State of New York; in 1819 was elected to the State Senate, which position he resigned in 1821, on account of ill-health ; did much to promote internal improvements in the State; and gave one thousand acres of land in aid of the canal. Died in Canandaigua, December 31, 1822. His writings were confined almost entirely to political subjects; his principal publications were vritten in favor of the administrations of President J ^fferson and Governor Clinton, and on the School Fund of Connecticut. H*/ was an able speaker and a powerful writer. -~ BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 199 Grant, Abraham P.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Grant, James Benton ; was born in Russell County, Alabama, January 2, 1848; served in the Confederate Army from January to April, 1865; re moved to Iowa in 1870; attended the Iowa Agricul tural College three years, Cornell University one year and the School of Mines, at Freiberg, Saxony, two years; then, in 1876, visited Australia and New "Zealand, making a critical examination of the ore mines of those countries; settled at Leadville, Colo rado, in 1877, and engaged in the business of smelt ing; in 1882 was elected Governor of Colorado. Grant, Ulysses S. ; was born in Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Although originally named Hiram Ulysses, the Congressman who nominated him for the West Point Academy gave his name by mistake as Ulysses S., and by that name he has ever been recognized; graduated at the Military Academy in 1843, and as Second Lieutenant was assigned to the Fourth Infantry; continued in the army for eleven years, and participated in most of the battles of the Mexican War, serving under Generals Scott and Taylor, and receiving two brevets for gallantry at Molino del Key and Chapultepec; while serving in Oregon, in 1852, was promoted to the rank of Captain; in 1854 resigned his commis sion, and settled on a farm near St. Louis, Missouri; in 1859 was a real estate agent in St. Louis; early in 1860 removed to Galena, Illinois, where he joined his father and a brother in the manufacture of leather. When the Rebellion commenced he raised and took command of a company of Volunteers; before the close of 1861 was Colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Regiment, and was made a Brigadier-General of Vol unteers; in 1862 was promoted to the rank of Major- General of Volunteers, from which time his military history is to be traced in his achievements at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, luka, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, in the west and south, and at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Peters burg in Virginia, culminating in the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, on April 9, 1865; on July 4, 1863, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Major- General in the Regular Army; was appointed Lieu tenant-General March 2, 1864, receiving his commis sion directly from the hands of the President; the full title of General was conferred upon him July 25, 1^(16; after the close of the Rebellion took command oi the armies of the United States, with his head quarters at Washington. In December, 1863, Con gress passed a joint resolution thanking him and the soldiers who fought under him for their gallant services, and awarding him a gold medal; on De cember 12, 1867, was appointed, by President John son. Secretary of War ad interim, in the place of E. M. Stanton, suspended, which position he held until the November following, when the Senate refused to sanction the suspension of Mr. Stanton; in 1868 was elected President of the United States; inaugurated as such on March 4, 1869; was re-elected in 1872 for the term ending in 1877. Died at Mt. McGregor, July 23, 1885. Grantland, Seatori ; was born in Virginia; having taken up his residence near Milledgeville, in Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839; was also a Presi dential Elector. Gravely, Joseph J.; was born in Henry County, Virginia, in 1828; received a common school educa tion; passed his youth chiefly on a farm; in 1853 and 1854 was elected to the Virginia Legislature; during the latter year removed to Missouri; was elected to the Convention of that State in 1860; in 1862 was elected to the Senate of the State, and re-elected in lH(jl; during a part of the Rebellion was Colonel of the Eighth Regiment of Missouri Cavalry; after the close of the war turned his attention to the practice of law; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Education and Labor. Graves, Alexander; was born in Mississippi, August 29, 1844 ; when the Civil AVar broke out was attending Centre College, Kentucky; left college, and entered the Confederate Army, serving throughout the war; in 1865 resumed his studies, and graduated from Oakland (now Alcorn) University, Mississippi, in 1867; studied law, and graduated from the Law Department of the. University of Virginia in 1869; settled at Lexington, Missouri, in the practice of his profession; in 1872 was elected City Attorney of Lex ington; in 1874 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Lafayette County; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty -eighth Congress. Graves, Edward O.; was born in Herkimer County, New York, August 3, 1843; was educated at Fairfield Seminary and at Hobart College, Geneva, New York; on leaving college, June 1, 1863, was ap pointed a clerk in the office of the Treasurer of the United States at Washington City; was promoted through the intermediate grades and on May 15, 1868, was appointed Chief Clerk of the Treasurer s office; in April, 1872, was appointed, by President Grant, a member of the Treasury Board of Civil Ser vice Examiners; in October, 1873, was appointed Chief Examiner of the Civil Service; July 1, 1874, was appointed Superintendent of the newly-created National Bank Redemption Agency; in 1877 was Chairman of a committee appointed to examine the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in the Treasury Department; April 1, 1883, was appointed Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Washington ; June 1, 1885, was appointed Chief of the Bureau of En graving and Printing in the United States Treasury Department at Washington. Graves, "William J.; was a member of the Ken tucky Legislature from Henry County in 1834; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1835 to 1841 ; in 1838 engaged in a duel at Bladensburg, Maryland, with Jonathan Cilley, in which the latter was killed; was again a member of the Legislature in 1843 from Jefferson County; was a Presidential Elector in 1848. Died at Louisville, September 27, 1848. aged forty-three years. Gray, Edward ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1799 to 1813. Gray, George ; was born at New Castle, Dela ware, May 4, 1840; graduated from Princeton College in 1859, receiving the degree of A. B., and in 1862 received the degree of A. M. ; after studying law with his father, Andrew C. Gray, spent a year in the Harvard Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1863, and began the practice of law at New Castle; was appointed Attorney-General of the State of Delaware, in 1879, by Governor Hall, and re-ap pointed, in 1884, by Governor Stockley; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876, 1880, and 1884; was elected to the United States Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of Thomas F. Bayard as Secretary of State, and took his seat March 19, 1885. 200 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Gray, Hiram ; was born in Salem, Washington County, New York, April 10. 1802; graduated at Union College in 1821; studied law, and came to the bar in 1823; settled in Elmira, and there practiced his profession; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839; in 1846 was Judge of the Sixth Judicial District; in 1847 one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, serving in that capacity until 1860 Gray, Horace ; was born at Boston, Massa chusetts, March 24, 1828; graduated at Harvard University in 1845; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851, and engaged in practice at Boston; was Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts from 1854 to 1861 ; in 1864 was ap pointed an Associate Justice of that Court, and in 1873 became Chief Justice of the same Tribunal; in 1881 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Gray, Isaac P.; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania; his ancestors were members of the Society of Friends, his great-grandfather having come to America with William Penn, and served as a member of the General Assembly from 1684 to 1692, when Penn was Governor and proprietary of the province; in 1836 Mr. Gray s parents removed to Ohio, he being but a child at that time; received a common school education; in 1855 removed to Union City, Indiana; studied law; was admitted to the bar and engaged in practice at Union City; in 1857 was elected a member of the City Council; in 1862 was appointed, by Governor Morton, Colonel of the Fourth Indiana Cavalry; in 1864 raised the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment of Indiana Infantry; in 1866 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1868 was elected a State Senator; in July, 1870, was appointed, by President Grant, Consul to St. Thomas, but declined the position; in 1872 was a Delegate to the Liberal Republican National Con vention and was appointed, by the Convention, the Indiana Representative on the National Committee; in 1876 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana; became Governor on the death of Governor James D. Williams; was re-nominated in 1880, but was not elected; in 1881 received the complimentary vote of his party in the Legislature for United States Sena tor; in 1884 was elected Governor of Indiana for the term of four years. Gray, John O.; was born in Southampton Coun ty, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1820 to 1821, for the unexpired term of James Johnson. Gray son, William ; was born in Prince William County, Virginia; educated at the University of Ox ford, England ; studied law at the Temple, London, and settled in Dumfries, Virginia; was appointed Aid-de-camp to General Washington, August 24, 17 6; Colonel of a Virginia regiment January 1, 1777; Commissioner of the Board of War in 1780 and 1781; a Commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe respecting prisoners, while the army Avas at Valley Forge, and at Monmoitth commanded his reg iment with valor; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787-, member of the Virginia Convention to consider the Federal Constitution in 1788, but. with Henry, opposed its adoption ; in 1789 and 1790 was United States Senator from Virginia. Died at Dumfries, while on his way to the Seat of Government, March 12, 1790. Grayson, "William ; was born in Maryland in 1786; was a planter; served in both branches of the State Legislature, and took an active part in the suc cessful struggle to obtain a new State Constitution in 1838; was Governor of Maryland from 1838 to 1841. Died in Queen Anne County, July 9, 1868. Grayson, "William J.; was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1788; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1809; was bred to the legal pro fession; was a Commissioner in Equity of South Car olina for many years; a member of the State Legisla ture in 1813; a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837; was appointed, by President Taylor, Collec tor of the Customs of Charleston, holding the office until 1853; subsequently devoted himself to plant ing; published "The Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora, and other Poems," and was the author of a "Life of J. L. Petigru." Died in Newberne, Octo ber 4, 1863; son of William Grayson. Greeley, Horace ; was born at Amherst, New Hampshire, February 3, 1811; until the age of four teen attended a common school during winter, work ing in summer on his father s farm; in 1826, his par ents having removed to Vermont, Horace, who had early shown a fondness for reading, especially of newspapers, and had resolved to be a printer, en deavored to find employment as an apprentice in a printing-office in Whitehall, but without success; afterwards applied at the office of the Northern Spec tator in Poultney, Vermont, where his services were accepted, and where he remained until 1830, when the paper was discontinued, and he returned to work on his father s farm; during the following year went to the city of New York, where he obtained work as a journeyman printer, and was employed in various offices, with occasional intervals, for the next eight een months; in 1834, in connection with Jonas Win chester, started the New Yorker, a weekly journal of literature and general intelligence, and became its editor; after struggling on several years the journal was abandoned; during its existence, Mr. Greeley published several political campaign papers, the Constitution, the Jeffersonian, and the Log Cabin; in 1841 commenced the publication of the New York Tribune; in 1848 was chosen to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Congress, and served through the short term preceding President Taylor s inauguration; in 1851 visited Europe, and was chosen Chairman of one of the juries at the World s Fair; gave an account of his travels in a series of letters to the Tribune, which were afterwards collected into a volume; also pub lished a collection of his addresses, essays, etc. , un der the title of "Hints toward Reforms"; and a work entitled "The American Conflict"; in 1S64 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866, and to the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1867; was one of those who gave bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867; in November, of that year, was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Minister to Austria, and was confirmed, but declined the position; in 1872 was nominated by the Conservative party for the office of President, but was defeated. Died near Pleasantville, Westchester County, New York, No vember 29, 1872. His most popular book was " Rec ollections of a Busy Life." Green, Byram; was born in New York; served five years in the Assembly of that State; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; was sub sequently Judge of a County Court. Died at Sodus, W ayne County, New York, October 18, 1865. Green, Duff ; was born in Georgia about the year 1794; was a resident of St. Louis, Territory of Mis souri, a early as 1817; in 1824 became the editor of a paper called the Inquirer; left it before the close of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 201 the year; went to Washington City,, and in 1826 became the proprietor and editor of the United States Telegraph, which he conducted until 1835; he advo cated the interests of John C. Calhoun against those of Andrew Jackson, while holding the position of Government Printer, to which he was elected in 1829, whereby he lost an annual income of fifty thousand dollars; carried his hostility against the President so ;far, that he refused to take his hand; from 1835 to 1838 edited a paper called the Reformation; after that went to Europe and engaged in various schemes for .making money, in which he was eminently successful; in 1844 edited a journal in New York, called the Republic, which lost much money for its proprietors; was subsequently engaged wholly in private enter prises; in 1830 had a personal difficulty with James AVatson Webb on the steps of the Capitol, which at tracted much attention in the political world, but resulted in no personal harm to either party; the man who succeeded him as Public Printer in Washington was Frank P. Blair, and it is a little singular as an incident in their lives, that both these men had a habit, after they became advanced in years, of ap pearing on the streets of Washington, carrying long staffs instead of common canes, while supporting their feeble steps. Mr. Green died in Dalton, Georgia, which was his home, June 9, 1875. Green, Frederick W. ; was born in Maryland; removed to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Green, I. L.; was born in Massachusetts; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1781; was a Represent ative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813. Died in 1841. Green, Innis ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1831. Green, James S.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, February 28, 1817; in 1836, with no fortune, and but a common English education, removed to Alabama, where he remained one year; then took up his residence in Missouri ; after many struggles with the world, was admitted to the bar in 1840, and soon thereafter acquired a lucrative practice; was a Presi dential Elector in 1844; was a member of the Con vention held in 1845 for the revision of the Constitu tion of Missouri; was elected a member of Congress in 1846, serving through two terms; argued a boundary dispute case in the Supreme Court by ap pointment of the Governor of Missouri; in 1849 took the stump against the late Hon. Thomas H. Benton ; in 1853 President Pierce appointed him Charge d 1 Affaires, and subsequently Minister Resident, at Bogota, New Granada; was again elected a member o*f Congress in 1856, but before taking his seat was chosen by the Legislature to represent the State of Missouri in the Senate of the United States, where he remained until 1861; during the first session of the Thirty -fifth Congress was a member of the Coinmit- . tees on the Judiciary and on Territories, and at the commencement of the second session of that Congress was chosen Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Died at St. Louis, January 19, 1870. G-reen, Robert S.; was born at Princeton, New Jersey, March 25, 1831; graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1850; studied law; was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attorney in 1853, and as Councilor in 1856; was City Attorney of the City of Elizabeth, New Jersey, from 1857 to 1868; was Sur rogate of Union County from 1862 to 1867; was Presiding Judge of Union County Court of Common Pleas from 1868 to 1873; was a member of the Com mission to suggest amendments to the Constitution of New Jersey in 1873; became a member of the bar of New York in 1874; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Conventionsof 1860 and 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the . Forty-ninth Congress. Green, Wharton J.; was born near St. Mark s, Florida, whither his parents had removed from North Carolina; was educated at Georgetown College, Dis trict of Columbia, and at the United States Military Academy, remaining three years at the latter institu tion; read law and political economy at the Univers ity of Virginia and Cumberland University, Ten nessee; upon his admission to the bar became a partner in the law firm of Robert J. Walker and Louis Janin, at Washington, District of Columbia; relinquished the profession soon afterwards and en gaged in agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed; upon the breaking out of the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army; was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel; was taken prisoner at Roanoke Island; wounded at Washington; wounded and taken prisoner at Gettysburg; at the close of the war resumed the management of his farm in North Caro lina; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Con ventions of 1868 and 1876; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; purchased the famous Tokay Vineyard, in Cumberland County, North Carolina, and settled there; was elected first President of the Society of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors of North Caro lina; was elected a Representative from North Caro lina to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Green, "Willis; was born in the Shenandoah Val ley, Virginia; represented Kentucky County in the Legislature of Virginia; was Clerk of the Court for many years: was a member of the Danville Conven tion in 1785, and of the first State Constitutional Convention of 1792; was a Surveyor for locating land , warrants; was a member of the Kentucky Legis lature in 1836 and 1837; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1845. Greene, Albert C.; was born in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, in 1792; read law in New York, where he was admitted to the bar; returned to his native State, and there commenced the practice of his pro fession; in 1815 was elected to the General Assembly of the State; in 1816 was elected a Brigadier-General of Militia, and subsequently became a Major-General ; from 1822 to 1825 served again in the Legislature of the State, and was chosen Speaker; from 1825 to 1843 was Attorney-General of the State; from 1845 to 1851 was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island; . having again served a term in each of the two Houses of the State Legislature, retired from public life in 1857; he received the degree of Master of Arts from. Brown University in 1827. Died at Providence, January 8, 1863. Greene, George W.; was born in Orange County, New York, July 4, 1831; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; was a teacher in several academies in Pennsylvania for several years; was appointed a School Commissioner for Orange County in 1856; read law, and came to the bar in 1860; in 1861 was elected Judge of Orange County for three years; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committee on Freed- men s Affairs. Greene, Bay; was born in Rhode Island; gradu ated at Yale College in 1784 ; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801, when he resigned. Died in 1849. 202 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Greene, Roger Sherman ; was born in Rox- bury (now Boston), Massachusetts, December 14, 1840; removed to Westborough, Massachusetts, in 1849, and to Windsor, Vermont, in 1851; received a classical education, graduating from Dartmouth Col lege in 1859; studied law in the office of Evarts, Southmayd & Choate, New York City; was admitted to the bar there in May, 1862, and engaged in prac tice; entered the Union Army for the war of the Rebellion, in September, 1862, under commission as Second Lieutenant of Company I, Third Missouri Infantry; in March, 1863, was promoted to First Lieutenant in the same company; was made Captain of Company C, Fifty-first U. S. Colored Infantry, in August, 1863, and serving as officer of that regiment till the close of the war; was honorably discharged, by acceptance of resignation, November, 1865; was Judge Advocate of the District of Vicksburg at the close of 1864 and beginning of 1865, and Judge Ad vocate of the Western Division of Louisiana from June, 1865, until retirement from service; received a severe gunshot wound through his right arm in the general assault on Vicksburg, while in command of his company, May 22, 1863; resumed the practice of law at Chicago, Illinois, in January, 1866; in July, 1870, while residing at Kenosha, Wisconsin, was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory, residing at Olympia; was twice re-appointed, holding the office until January, 1879, when he was appointed Chief Justice of the same court, residing at Seattle, Washington Terri tory; in 1883, was re-appointed Chief Justice. Greene, Thomas M.; was a Delegate to Con gress from the Territory of Mississippi from 1802 to 1803. Greenleaf, Halbert S.; was born at Guilford, Vermont, April 12, 1827; received a common school and academic education ; taught school for three years; at the age of twenty-three shipped before the mast on a whaling vessel and made one voyage; in 1852 re moved to Shilburne Falls, Massachusetts, and was employed in a cutlery manufactory; at the expiration of nine months engaged in manufacturing pursuits on his own account; was elected Justice of the Peace in 1856; served two years as a Captain of State Militia; in 1861 organized the Yale and Greenleaf Lock Company, of which he became Business Manager; in 1862 enlisted in the Union Army; served with con spicuous gallantry, rising to the rank of Colonel, arid frequently commanding a Brigade; in 1882 was elected Commander of the First New York Veteran Brigade, with the rank of Brigadier-General, and was unani mously re-elected in 1883; became very successful in the manufacture of locks; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty -eighth Congress. Greenup, Christopher ; was Governor of Ken tucky from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot of the Ameri can Revolution, and participated in the perils of the war; was at various times a member of the Legisla ture of Kentucky ; was a Representative of that State in Congress from 1792 to 1797; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; was a man of great usefulness in his native State. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, April 24, 1818. Greenwood, A. B.; was born in Franklin Coun ty, Georgia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at the Athens University, Georgia; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Legislature of the State of Arkansas from 1842 to 1845; was Prosecuting Attorney for said State from 1845 to 1851; Circuit Judge from 1851 to 3: was elected a Representative in Congress from Arkansas from 1853 to 1858, serving a portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs; in 1859 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Com missioner of Indian Affairs. Gregg 1 , Andrew; was born in Carlisle, Penn sylvania, June 10, 1755; received a good classical edu cation, and for several years was tutor in the Univers ity of Pennsylvania; in 1783 opened a country store in Middletown, Dauphin County, whence he removed in 1789 to a wilderness valley, where he commenced agricultural pursuits; in 1790 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1791 to 1807; was a Senator of the United States from 1807 to 1813, serving for a time as President pro 1cm. of the Senate; in 1814 removed to Bellefonte; in 1816 was appointed Secretary of State of Pennsyl vania; was remai-kable for a sound and discrimina ting mind, agreeable and dignified manners, and per formed his duties with talent and integrity. Died at Bellefonte, May 20, 1835. % Gregg, David L.; was a citizen of Illinois; in 1853 was appointed a Commissioner with diplomatic powers to the Sandwich Islands, where he remained until 1858. Gregg, James M.; was born in Patrick County, Virginia, June 26, 1806; received a common school education; was a practical farmer; studied law; in 1830 settled in Hendrick County, Indiana; from 1834 to 1837 was County Surveyor; was then chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving until 1845; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expendi tures. Gregory, Dudley S.; was born in Connecticut; was at one time engaged in the iron business among the Adirondack Mountains of New York; settled in New Jersey; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1847 to 1849; held many positions of trust and honor. Died in Jersey City, December 8, 1874. Gregory, John M.; was born in Virginia; was Governor of that State in 1842 and 1843. Greig, John ; was born in Dumfriesshire, Scot land, August 6, 1779; educated at the Edinburgh High School; emigrated to America in 1797; settled in Canandaigua, New York; studied law, and came to the bar in 1804; practiced his profession until 1820, when he became Presideutof the Ontario Bank, which position he held until 1856; was for many years a Regent of the New York University, and also a Vice-Chancellor; was long the active head of an Agricultural Society, and was one of the founders and corporators of the Ontario Female Seminary; was elected a Representative in Congress for the term commencing in 1841 ; resigned at the close of the first session. Died at Canandaigua, April 9, 1858. Greiner, John ; was born in Philadelphia; re moved to Ohio when young; was, for eight years, Librarian of the State Library; became editor of the Ohio State Journal, and was a writer of popular political songs, among the most noted of which were those entitled, "Old Zip Coon," " Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," and " The Wagoner Boy"; in 1849 was appointed, by President Taylor, an Indian Agent in New Mexico; afterwards became Governor of the Territory; in 1865 settled in Zanesville, Ohio, and edited the Times of that city; was very popular as a member of various societies. Died at Toledo, May 13, 1871, in the sixtieth year of his age. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 203 Grennell, George ; was born in Greenfield, Franklin County, Massachusetts, December 25, 1786; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808; studied law, and came to the bar in 1811; was Prosecuting Attorney for Franklin County from 1829 to 1818; was a member of the State Senate from 1824 to 1827; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1829 to 1839; was for many years, from 1838 to 1859, a member of the Board of Trustees of Amherst College, and in 1854 the degree of LL.D. was con ferred upon him by that institution; from 1849 to 1853 was Probate Judge for his county, and subse quently settled down as Clerk of the Franklin Coun ty Court; was the first man who proposed and advocated on the floor of Congress the recognition of Hayti. Gresham, Walter Q.; was born in Harrison County, Indiana, March 17, 1833; attended the State University, at Bloomington, Indiana, but did not graduate; studied law; was admitted to the bar, in 1855, and engaged in practice at Coryden, Indiana; entered the Union Army in 1861 as Lieutenant-Col onel; was, soon afterwards, promoted to a Colonelcy, and was made a Brigadier-General after the fall of Vicksburg; was wounded in July, 1864, while in command of a Division before Atlanta, and was brevetted a Major-General from that date; was Finan cial Agent of Indiana at New York City from 1867 to 1869, when he was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Indiana, in which capacity he served until April, 1883, when he was appointed Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of. President Arthur; in 1884 was appointed, by President Arthur, United States Circuit Judge for the Seventh Judicial Circuit. Grey, Benjamin E.; was a native of Kentucky; was a member of the Legislature of that State from Logan County in 1838 and 1839; was State Senator from 1847 to 1851; was Speaker of the Senate and Acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1850; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1851 to 1855. Grider, Henry; was born in Garrard County, Kentucky, July 16, 1796; received a good education at Bowling Green and elsewhere; studied law, and while engaged in practice, also devoted some atten tion to farming; rendered his first public service as a private in the army, during the last war with En gland, serving with Shelby in his campaign to Cana da; in 1827 and 1831 was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1833 to the ate Senate, where he served four years; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1843 to 1847; was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Mileage; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress; was a member of the Committee on the Territories; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories. Mileage, and Recon struction Died in Warren County, Kentucky, Sep tember 14, 1866. Grier, Robert C.; was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1794 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1812; studied law, and came to the bar in 1817, practicing his profession in North umberland, Columbia, Lycoming, Union, and Schuyl- kill Counties; was appointed President Judge of Al legheny County in 1833, when he became a resident of Pittsburg; in 1846 was appointed, by President Polk, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; removed to Philadelphia in 1848. Died in Philadelphia, September 25, 1870. Griffin, Cyrus; was born in Virginia in 1749; was educated in England; returning to Virginia, be came a member of the Legislature; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1781, and in 1787 and 1788, and was its President in 1788; was President of the Supreme Court of Admiralty; a Commissioner in 1789 to the Creek Nation; Judge of the United States District Court for Virginia from 1789 until his death, which occurred at Yorktown, Virginia, December 14, 1810. Griffin, Isaac; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1813 to 1817. Griffin, John ; was an early emigrant to Indiana; in 1800 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that Territory; in 1806 was appointed to the same position for the Territory of Michigan, where he remained for many years. Griffin, John K.; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina, from 1831 to 1841. Died at Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841. Griffin, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, from 1789 to 1795, and was one of those who voted for locating the seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Griffin, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1 803 to 1805. Griffith, Samuel ; was born in Wales, Great Britain, February 14, 1816; was educated at Alle gheny College, Meadville; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1846, and practiced; was elected a Representative to the Forty-second Congress from Pennsylvania, serving on the Committee on Freed- men s Affairs. Griffith, "William ; was one of the earliest Judges of the United States Circuit Court; in 1801 was appointed, by President Jefferson, to the Third Circuit. Grimes, James W.; was born in Deering, Hills- borough County, New Hampshire, October 16, 1816; commenced his education at Hampton Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836; soon after that time emigrated to the West; in 1838 was elected to the General Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, to which he was frequently re-elected; was Governor of the State of Iowa from 1854 to 1858; in 1 859 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for six years, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on the District of Columbia, and also of that on Naval Affairs, and as a member of those on Pub lic Lands and Public Buildings; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" of 1861; was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871; in 1865 received from the Iowa College the degree of LL. D. ; was also a member of the Special Joint Committee on the Rebellious States, and the Committees on Contingent Expenses of the Senate and on Appropriations; and was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Died at Burlington, Iowa, February 7, 1872. Grinnell, Joseph ; was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, November 17, 1788; his early educa tion was received at private schools, and was molded in view of a mercantile life; commenced business in New York as a commission merchant in 1809, and continued there until 1829, for five years being con nected with John H. Rowland, eleven with Preserved 204 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Fish, and four years with his brothers, Moses H. and Henry Grinnell; in 182JJ retired from the New York concern, and visited Europe; on his return set tled in his native, place, devoting himself to com merce generally, and especially to the whale fishery; among the laborious positions which he long held in New Bedford were those of President of the Marine Bank, of the New Bedford and Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamsutta Cotton Mill; in 1839, 1840, and 1841 was a member of the Governor s Council of Massachusetts; was elected a Representative in Con gress in 1843, and was three times re-elected, serving on the Post Office and Commerce Committees; orig inated the idea of a reduction of postage and the establishment of life boats; indeed, so great was Mr. Grinnell s influence on the floor of Congress, as every measure he proposed seemed to succeed, he was play fully designated by his friends as one of the most dangerous men in the House. Grinnell, Josiah B.; was born in New Haven, Vermont, December 22, 1821; received a collegiate and theological education; went to Iowa in 1855, and turned his attention to farming, becoming the most extensive wool-grower in the State, to which indus try he devoted special attention; was a member of the State Senate for four years; a special agent for the General Post Office for two years; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Con- , gress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, i serving on the Committees on Freedmen, on Agricul ture, and on the Postal Railroad to New York; in June. . 1866, L. H. Rousseau, a fellow-member, made a per sonal assault upon him for words spoken in debate, which resulted in a resolution which was passed, reprimanding the assailant for " violating the rights and privileges of the House." G-rinnell, Moses H.; was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, March 3, 1803; was educated at pri vate schools and at Friends Academy; was bred a merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo ; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1839 to 1841; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; Moses H., & Henry Grinnell, and Robert B. Minturn, were the gentlemen com posing the distinguished firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co., the house taking that title in 1829, though in reality founded many years before by Joseph Grinnell and Preserved Fish; in 1869 was appointed Collector of the Port of New York. Griswold, G-aylord ; graduated at Yale College in 1787; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1796 to 1798; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1803 to 1805. Died in 1809. G-riswold, John A.; was born in Rensselaer County, New York, about the year 1822; was edu cated for the mercantile profession; settled himself in the iron trade, and also engaged in banking; served one term as Mayor of the city of Troy; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. G-riswold, John A.; was born in Greene Coun ty, New York, in 1827; after acquiring a good edu cation studied and adopted the profession of the law; in 1856 was elected District Attorney of Greene County, and held the position for three years; in 1864 was elected County Judge, and continued in the office four years; in 1868 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Coinage. G-riswold, Rog-er ; was born in Lyme, Connec ticut, May 21, 1762; graduated at Yale College in 1780, and studied law, in the practice of which he became eminent; from 1795 to 1805 was a Represent ative in Congress from Connecticut: in 1801 declined the appointment of Secretary of War, tendered him by President Adams, a few days previous to the accession of President Jefferson ; in 1807 was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was Lieutenant- Governor from 1809 to 1811; was then elected Gov ernor; while holding that office he refused to place four companies under General Dearborn, at the requi sition of the President, for garrison purposes, deem ing the requisition unconstitutional, as they were not wanted to "repel invasion"; in 1809 was a Presidential Elector; a scene that occurred between him and Matthew Lyon, on the floor of Congress, caused great excitement; he received, from. Harvard College, the degree of LL.D. Died in 1812. Griswold, Stanley; was born in Torringfbrd, Connecticut, November, 1768; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1786, and became a clergyman ; in 1804 be came the editor of a Democratic paper in Walpole, New Hampshire; was soon after appointed, by Presi dent Jefferson, Secretary of the Territory of Michigan; was a Senator in Congress from Ohio in 1809, but was superseded by A. Campbell; was United States Judge for the Northwestern Territory. Died at Shawnee- town, Illinois, August 21, 1814. Groesbeck, William S.; was born in New York about the year 1826; studied law, and removed to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the practice of his profession; in 1851 was a member of the "State Con stitutional Convention"; in 1852 was a member of the Commission appointed to codify the laws of Ohio; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861; in 1862 was elected to the Senate of Ohio; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention " of 1866; was one of the counsel for Andrew Johnson during his Impeachment Trial in 1868. Groome, James B.; was born in Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, April 4, 1838; studied law with his father, John C. Groome, who was a prominent lawyer; was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; in 1867 was elected to the State Constitutional Convention; in 1871 was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected; in 1874 was elrtjted Governor of Mary land ; was elected United States Senator from Mary land for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Gross, Ezra C.; was born in Windsor County, Vermont; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1806; practiced law in Elizabethtown, New York; was Surrogate of Essex County from 1815 to 1819; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821; was elected to the Assembly of that State in 1828 and 1829. Died before the close of his second term. Gross, Samuel; was a native of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1819 to 1823. Grosvenor, Charles Henry; was born at Pom- fret, Connecticut, September 20, 1833 ; descended from Colonel Thomas Grosvenor, of the Second Regi- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 205 meat of the Connecticut line in the Revolutionary Army, who was his grandfather, and his father was an officer in the army during the war of 1812; when five years of age in 1838 he was taken, by his parents, to Ohio, settling in Athens County; his edu cation was confined to two terms in an infant school at Pomfret, when he was four years of age, and three winter terms in a log school house in Ohio 1840 to 1849; worked on a farm until he reached his major ity; studied law and taught school for three winters, in Athens County; was clerk in a store for portions of six years; Avas admitted to the bar, at Athens, in 1857, and engaged in practice there ; was elected Township Clerk in 1855 and 1856; was a member of the Town Council of Athens in 1859 and 1860: en listed in the Union Army in 1861, and served throughout the war as Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, and was brevetted Brigadier-General in 1865; was Solicitor of Athens in 1867 and 1868; Presidential Elector in 1872 and 1880; was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature in 1873 and re-elected in 1875, serving as Speaker in 1876 and 187 7 ; was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home in 1880; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Grosvenor, Thomas P.; was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1780; graduated at Yale College in 1800; after studying law, removed to New York; served a number of years in the Legislature of that State; was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 1817. Died April 25, 1817. Grout, Jonathan ; was born in Lunenburg, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 23, 1737; was an officer in the colonial service in the French and Indian War of 1757 to 1760; studied law and settled in Petersham, Worcester County, Massachu setts; was an active and energetic Whig through the Revolutionary War; served for a short time in the Revolutionary Army; was for some years a member of the General Court, or House of Representatives of Massachusetts; in 1789 was elected a member of the First Congress, in which he served from 1789 to 1791; subsequently devoted himself to his profession. Died while attending Court at Dover, New Hamp shire, September 8, 1807. Grout, William W.; was born, of American parents, at Compton, Province of Quebec, Canada, May 24, 1836; returned, with his parents, to the old homestead, in Kirby, Caledonia County, Vermont, in 1846; received a common school and academic educa tion; studied law, was graduated from the Pough- keepsie, New York, Law School, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1857; was admitted to the bar of Caledondia County, Vermont, in December of that year ; settled at Barton, Orleans County, Vermont, in August, 1858, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1862 was nominated, by the Republican party, for State s Attorney, but declined the candidacy, and in the succeeding September enlisted in the Union Army ; was made Captain on the organization of the company, and Lieutenant-Colonel on the organization of the regiment; served until musteredout, in August, 1863; in July, 1864, was commissioned, by the Gov ernor of Vermont, -to recruit colored troops at New- berne, North Carolina, and, in the fall of the same year, was appointed, by the same authority, to the com mand of the provisional forces upon the Canadian frontier, after the St. Albans Raid ; the same fall was elected, by the Legislature, a Brigadier-General, and was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of Vermont Militia; also, the same fall, was elected State s Attorney for Orleans County for a term of two years; in 1868 was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention; in 1868, 1869, 1870, and 1874 was a Representative in the Vermont Legislature; in 1876 was a member, and President pro tern, of the State Senate; in 1878 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1880 was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Forty-seventh Congress, and in 1884 was elected a Representative to the Forty-ninth Congress; in 1876 became a Director in the Barton National Bank, in which position he continued. Grove, William B.; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1791 to 1803. Grover, Asa P.; was born in Ontario County, New York, in 1819; was educated at Centre College, Kentucky, of which State he became a resident in 1847; studied and practiced law; was elected to the State Senate in 1857; re-elected in 1861, holding the position eight years; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Build ings. Grover, Lafayette; was born in Bethel, Ox ford County, Maine; educated at Bowdoin College; studied law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the bar in 1850, and soon afterwards took up his residence in Salem, Oregon Territory; in 1851 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Territory; in 1852 Auditor of Public Accounts ; served three years in the Territorial Legislature; saw some service in the Indian wars of Oregon ; in 1854 was a Commissioner to adjust the claims of citizens in Oregon against the United States; in 1856 was appointed one of the Commissioners to investigate the Indian war claims against the General Government; having been an active member of the Convention of 1857 to form a State Constitution, was subsequently elected the first Representative in Congress from the prospective State, and took his seat as such in February, 1859; subsequently resumed the practice of law; from 1867 to 1870 was engaged in the milling business; was Chairman of the State Central Democratic Commit tee; in 1870 was elected Governor of Oregon, and re-elected in 1874; resigned in 1877 to take his seat as a United States Senator from Oregon for the term ending in 1883. Grover, Martin ; was a native of New York; was bred a lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York from 1857 to 1859; was Judge of the Court of Appeals from 1859 for a full term; was elected an Associate Judge in 1870 for fourteen years. Died in Allegany County, New York, August 23, 1875. He acquired a fortune by his profession, and would never accept more than 7 per cent, interest for money loaned. Grow, Galusha A.; was born in Ashford, Wind- ham County, Connecticut, August 31, 1823; was edu cated at Amherst College, graduating in 1844; adopted the law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1847; having settled among the moun tains of Pennsylvania, and hishealth being delicate, he amused himself by surveying wild land and rafting; in 1850 was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, where he served as a member of the Committee on Territories and Public Printing; when Mr. Banks was Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of the Com mittee on Territories; during one of the recesses of Congress visited Europe; was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Territories; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was chosen Speaker of the House of 206 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Representatives; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention " of 1864; subsequently resided for sev eral years in Texas, engaged in important business enterprises; returned to Pennsylvania in 1875, and again took an interest in political affairs. G-rundy, Felix ; was born in Virginia, Septem ber 11, 1770; removed with his father to Kentucky, and was educated at Bardstown Academy: studied law, and soon became distinguished at the bar; com- irfenced his public career, at the age of twenty-two, as a member of the Convention for revising the Con stitution of Kentucky; was afterwards, for six or seven years, a member of the Legislature of that State; in 1806 was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and was soon after Chief Justice; in 1807 removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and became eminent as a lawyer; from 1811 to 1814 was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, and dur ing several years after was a member of the Legis lature of that State; from 1829 to 1838 was United States Senator, and in the latter year was appointed, by President Van Buren, Attorney-General of the United States; in 1840 resigned this position, and was again elected Senator. Died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 19, 1840. Guenther, Richard ; was born at Potsdam, Prussia, November 30, 1845; received a collegiate education; studied pharmacy in the Royal Pharmacy at Potsdam; emigrated to the United States in 1866; settled at Oshkosh. Wisconsin, in 1867; was elected State Treasurer in 1876 and re-elected in 1878; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty -ninth Congresses. G-uerard, Benjamin ; was Governor of South Carolina from 1783 to 1785; Speaker of the House in 1783. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, January, 1789. Guion, John J.; was the son of Major James Guion, of the regular army, and was born in Natchez, Mississippi, in 1801; was a member of the State Senate and President of that body ; also a Judge of the Criminal Court; in 1851 Governor, pro tern., of the State; subsequently a Judge of the District Court of the State. Died at Vicksburg, June 26, 1855. Gunckel, Louis B.; was born in Germantown, Ohio, October 15, 1826; sruduated at Farmer s College in 1848, and the law school of Cincinnati College in 1851; came to the bar the same year; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1856; a member of the Senate of Ohio in 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865, was a Presidential Elector in 1864; was ap pointed, by Congress, one of the Managers of the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, in 1864, and re-appointed in 1870; was appointed United States Commissioner to investigate Indian frauds, in 1871: was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Aifairs. Gunn, James ; was a Senator of the United States from Georgia from 1789 to 1801. Died in Louisville, in that State, July 30, 1801. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Gunter, Thomas M.; was born in Middle Ten nessee, September 18, 1826; received a classical edu cation, graduating from Irving College in 1850; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1853; was a Delegate to the State Convention of 1861; served in the Confederate Army as a Colonel; was Prosecuting Attorney from 1866 to 1868; successfully contested the seat of W. W. Wilshire in the Forty-third Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth, Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Gurley, Henry H.; was born in Lebanon, Con necticut, in 1787; was educated at Williamstown College; studied law, and settled at an early day in Louisiana; was a Representative in> Congress from that Slate from 1823 to 1831; previously held the office of United States Judge for the District Court of Louisiana. Died in 1832. Gurley, John A.; was born in East Hartford, Connecticut, December 9, 1813; received an academic education; studied for the ministry; was settled as a preacher at Methuen, Massachusetts, from 1834 to 1837, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where, for fifteen years he published a paper called the Star of the West; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Printing; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Commerce, and on Roads and Canals. Died at Cincinnati, August 19, 1863, Avhile holding the office of Governor of Arizona, conferred upon him by President Lincoln. Gustine, Amos ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843. Died in Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1844. Guthrie, James ; was born near Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, December 5, 1792; edu cated at the Bardstown Academy; when twenty years of age commenced trading with New Orleans as the owner of flat-boats; studied law, and in his twenty-fifth year settled at Louisville as a lawyer; for a time held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the county in which he lived, and for many years practiced his profession with success; during that period was shot by a political opponent, and was, in consequence, confined to his bed for thro years; served nine years in the Legislature of the State, and six years in the State Senate; was President of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1851; took an active part in the banking business of Louisville, and, after originating, became President of the Nash ville and Louisville Railroad; in 1853 went into President Pierce s Cabinet as Secretary of the Treas ury ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from Ken tucky, in 1865, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Finance, Agriculture, Patents, Appropriations, and Mines and Mining: was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866; resigned in February, 1868, on ac count of his health. Died in Louisville, March 13, 1869. Guyon, James, Jr.; was born in Richmond County, New York, in 1777; represented Staten Island in the Legislature of New York a number of years; was a member of Congress from 1819 to 1821. Died on Staten Island, March 8, 1846. Gwin, "William M.; was born in Summer County, Tennessee, October 9, 1805; graduated at Transyl vania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and studied medicine; was appointed United States Marshal for Mississippi ; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving from 1841 to 1843; was Com missioner of Public Buildings to superintend the erection of the New Orleans Custom-House; was a member of the Convention for framing the Constitu tion of California; was one of the first United States Senators from that State, having been elected, in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1850, for six years, and re-elected, in 1856, for the term which expired in 1861; was Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and a member of the Committees on Finance, and on Post Offices and Post Roads; during the Rebellion was arrested and imprisoned for his opposition to the Federal Govern ment, but was released on his parole by President Johnson in 1866; after the war retiirned to Califor nia, where he was largely interested in mining. Died September 3, 1885. Grwinnett, Button ; was born in England in 1732; received a good education; came to America in 1770, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina; was devoted first to commercial pursuits, and afterwards to planting, in Georgia; joined the popular party, and was conspicuous at Revolutionary committees; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776, and was one of the signers of the Declar ation of Independence; in 1777 was a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution for Georgia; was re-elected to Congress, but, having fought a duel with General Mclntosh, was mortally wounded, and died May 27, 1777. Habersham, John; was born in 1754; was a member of the first regiment ever formed in Georgia; member of the Continental Congress in 1785 and 1786; Collector of the port of Savannah from 1789 to 1799. Died in Chatham County, Georgia, Novem ber 19, 1799. Habersham, Joseph ; was born in Georgia in 1750; served with distinction in the Revolutionary War as a Lieutenant-Colonel; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786; a member of the State Assembly; was ap pointed, by President Washington, Postmaster-Gen eral in 1795, and, having been continued in office by Presidents Adams and Jefferson, resigned in 1802, when he became a President of the Branch Bank of the United States at Savannah, which he held until his death. Died in Georgia in 1815. Habersham, Richard W.; was born in Savan nah Georgia in 1786; was educated at Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he graduated in 1805; distin guished himself as a lawyer, and occupied many sta tions of trust in his native State; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1839 to 1843, where he com manded great respect for his political integrity. Died in Habersham County, Georgia, December 2, 1844. Hackett, Thomas C.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Commit tee on Indian Affairs. Died at Marietta, Georgia, October 8, 1851. Hackley, Aaron, Jr.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut; was a member of the New York Legis lature in 1814, 1815, and 1818; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. Haddock, Charles Brickett ; was bor.n in Franklin, New Hampshire, June 20, 1796; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816, and Andover Semi nary in 1819; was Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres at Dartmouth from 1819 to 1838, and of In tellectual Philosophy and Political Economy from 1838 to 1844; was Charge d Affaires from the United States to Portugal from 1851 to 1855; was in the Legislature of New Hampshire four years; intro duced the present common school system of the State, and was the first school commissioner under it; was the originator of the railroad system of New Hamp shire; published a volume of addresses, etc., includ ing occasional sermons; was a contributor to the Biblical Repertory, the Bibliothcca Sacra, and other periodicals, and for fifteen years made reports on education. Died at West Lebanon, New Hampshire, January 15, 1861. Hadley O. A.; was cx-officio Governor of Arkan sas in the years 1872 and 1873. Hager, John S.; was born in Morris County, New Jersey, March 12, 1818; graduated at Princeton College in 1836; was admitted to the bar in 1840, and practiced at Morristown, New Jersey; went to California in 1849; in 1852 was elected to the State Senate, and served two years; in 1855 was elected State Judge for the District of San Francisco, and served six years; in 1865 and in 1867 elected to the State Senate and served six years; in 1871 was elected a Regent of the University of California; was elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired term of Eugene Casserly, resigned in 1874, for the term ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Territories. Hagner, A. B.; was born at Washington, Dis trict of Columbia, July 13, 1826; graduated from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1845; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and settled at Annapolis, Maryland, in the practice of his profession; in 1850 was Judge- Advocate of a Naval Court of Inquiry; in 1864 was a Special Judge in Prince George s County, Maryland; in 1876 was Judge- Advocate of a General Court-Martial held at San Francisco, California; in 1854 was a Representative in the Maryland Legisla ture; in 1857 and 1874 was an unsuccessful candi date for Congress; in 1861 was a Presidential Elector; in 1879 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Su preme Court of the District of Columbia. Hagner, Peter ; was born in Philadelphia, Oc tober 1, 1772; was the son of Valentine Hagner, who served with credit in the War of the Revolution; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; was for a time clerk in a counting-house; in 1792 received, from President Washington, the appointment of Accountant of War; removed to Washington City with the Government; in 1817 was appointed, by Presi dent Monroe, Third Auditor of the Treasury Depart ment; continued in the public service for fifty-seven years, under every President from Washington to Taylor, and was frequently complimented on the floor of Congress for his official faithfulness; was twice honored by direct votes in the two Houses of Congress; resigned his office in October, 1849. Died in Washington City in July, 1850. He was frequent ly called upon to settle important claims for the Gov ernment outside of his regular duties, because of his exceptional efficiency; was also connected with the city Government of Washington. Haygood, Johnson ; was Governor of South Carolina from 1880 to 1882. Hahn, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. Hahn, Michael ; was born on the Rhine, in Ba varia, November 24, 1830; when ten years of age came to the United States and settled in Louisiana; attended the common schools of New Orleans and graduated from the High School; supported himself, while studying law, by attending to the care of real estate; in addition to his reading he attended the Law Department of the University of Louisiana and was graduated therefrom, in 1851, with the degree of LL. B. ; entered upon the practice of law at New Orleans; when but twenty-two years of age was 208 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. elected a School Director; served several terms in this capacity, being, at one time, President of the Board; was a Union man throughout the secession troubles, and opposed secession with vigor; in 1862 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving but a short time; was Prize Commissioner in New Or leans in 1863; in January, 1864, became the owner and editor of the Daily True Ddta newspaper, at New Orleans, and advocated the abolition of slavery through its columns; in 1864 was elected Governor of Louisiana for four years; in 1865 was elected a United States Senator and resigned the office of Gov ernor, but never took his seat in the Senate; started the New Orleans Republican in 1867, and was its editor until 1871 ; removed to his plantation in that year, and was made a School Director of St. Charles Parish; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1874 and 1876, serving a short time as Speaker; in 1878 was unanimously elected a Police Juror for his parish; was Superintendent of the United States Mint at New Orleans for a short time; in 1879 was elected District Judge, and in 1884 was re-elected for four years; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-ninth Congress, and resigned the Judge- ship. Died at Washington City, March 15, 1886. Haight, Charles; was born at Colt s Neck, Monmouth County, New Jersey, January 4, 1838; graduated at Princeton College in 1857; studied law, and came to the bar in 1862 as an attorney, and in 1864 as a counselor; was elected to the New Jersey Legislature in 1861 and 1862, and was chosen Speaker in the latter year; was a Delegate to State Conven tions in 1864 and 1865; was commissioned a Briga dier-General of Militia in 1861, and rendered effective service in raising troops for the war; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; re-elected to the Forty-tirst Congress. Haight, Ed-ward ; was born in New York City, March 26, 1817; was educated at a private school; entered a counting house, and turned his whole at tention to mercantile pursuits: became a Director in the National Bank of New York; subsequently Vice- President of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and finally its President; besides acting as a director in six or seven banks and insurance companies, he fre quently served as an officer in various benevolent institutions; in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Haight, Fletcher M.; was an emigrant to Cali fornia; was appointed United States Judge for that District. Haight, Henry Huntly ; was born in Roch ester, New York, May 20, 1825; graduated at Yale College in 1844; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of St. Louis, Missouri, in October, 1846; settled to practice in San Francisco in 1850; was ap pointed United States District Judge of California, by President Lincoln; was elected Governor of Cali fornia in 1867, serving until 1871. Haile William ; was born in 1897; was a mem ber of Congress from Mississippi, from 1826 to 1828. Died at Woodville, Mississippi, March 7, 1837. Hailey, John ; was born in Smith County, Ten nessee. August 29, 1835; received a common school education; removed to Missouri in 1848; went to Oregon in 1853; settled in Idaho in 1863; was elected Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-third Congress; in elected a member of the Legislative Coun cil of Idaho, and was President of the Council; in 1884 was elected Delegate from Idaho to the Forty- ninth Congress. Haines, Daniel; was a native of New Jersey; was elected Governor of the State in 1843, serving one year; in 1848 was again elected, and continued in office until 1851. Haines, Townsend ; was appointed Register of the United States Treasury in 1850, but only held the position until 1851. Haldeman, Jacob S.; was a citizen of Penn sylvania; in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until 1864. Haldeman, Richard J.; was born in Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1831; studied at Part ridge s Military School; graduated at Yale College in 1851 ; the same year visited Europe, and studied a short time in the universities of Berlin and Heidel berg; in 1853 went, as Attache of Legation, to Paris, and also to St. Petersburg; traveled throughout Scandinavia, Central and Southern Europe, and the Far East; in 1857 purchased the Daily and Weekly Patriot and Union, in Harrisburg, and edited it until 1860; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions; was elected to the Forty-lirst Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Con gress, serving on the Committees on the Census, Land Claims, and Agriculture. Halderman, John A.; was a citizen of Missouri; in July, 1882, was appointed United States Minister to Siam. Hale, Artemas ; was born in Winchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, October 20, 1783; pursued the occupation of a farmer until twenty-one years of age; received a common school education; was a teacher in Hiugham for ten years, and then removed to Bridgewater, where he engaged in man ufacturing; was a Representative in the Legislature for several years, and a State Senator in 1833 and 1834; in 1853 was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1845 to 1849; in 1864 was a Presidential Elector. Hale, Charles ; was born in Boston, Massachu setts, June 7, 1831; graduated at Harvard University in 1850; in 1852 established and edited To-day, a literary journal; was subsequently editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser; was United States Consul to Egypt from 1864 to 1870; was Assistant Secretary of State from 1872 to 1874; contributed to the Xorth American Rcuieic and the American Almanac. Hale, Eugene ; was born in Turner, Oxford County, Maine, June 9, 1836; studied law, and came to the bar in 1857; during the latter year was ap pointed Attorney for Hancock County, and was three times re-appointed; in 1866 was elected to the State Legislature, serving two years; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty-lirst Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval A Hairs and the State Department; re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committee on Appropria tions; in 1874 was tendered the office of Postmaster- General, by President Grant, but declined; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1868, 1876, and 1880; was re-elected to the Forty- rifth Congress; was tendered a Cabinet appointment by President Hayes, but declined it; was elected a United States Senator from Maine for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 209 Hale, James T.; was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in October, 1810; received a common school education ; studied law, and was admitted to Ihe bar in 1832; in 1851 was appointed President Judge of the Twentieth Judicial District of Pennsyl vania; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Claims and on Roads and Canals; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Bellefonte, Penn sylvania, April 7, 1865. Hale, John Blackwell; was born in Brooks (now Hancock) County, West Virginia, February 27, 1831; was educated at a common country school; studied law ; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Carrollton, Missouri; was a Representative in the Missouri Legislature from 1856 to 1858; was a Presidential Elector in Missouri in 1860; was Colonel of the Sixty-fifth Regiment Mis souri Militia, and of the Fourth Provisional Regiment lot Missouri Militia in the United States service i during the Civil War; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Conventions of 1864 and 1868; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was a member of the (Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1875; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hale, John P.; was born in Rochester, Strafford County, New Hampshire, March 31, 1806; after pre paring himself at Exeter Academy, entered Bowdoin College, and graduated in 1827; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; in 1832 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1834 Avas appointed, by President Jackson, District Attorney for New Hamp shire, and re-appointed by President Van Buren; in 1843 was elected a Representative in Congress; in 1846 was again elected to the State Legislature, and chosen Speaker; in 1847 was elected a Senator in Congress, and after serving until 1853, devoted him self for two years to his profession; was again elected to the United States Senate in 1855; and in 1859 was re-elected for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and member of that on Post Offices and Post Roads; in 1852 was the Free-Soil candidate for Vice-President of the United States; soon after leaving the Senate, March 10, 1865, was appointed, by President Lin coln, Minister to Spain. Died at Dover, November 18, 1873. Hale, Robert S.; was born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vermont, September 24, 1822; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1842; studied law, and after coming to the bar settled in the practice of his profession at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New York; was Judge of Essex County from 1856 to 1864; in 1859 was appointed a Regent of the University of New York; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, in the place of Orlando Kellogg, deceased, serving on the Committees on the Militia, Manufactures, and Retrenchment; was a Delegate to the "National Union Convention " at Philadelphia, in 1866; re-elected to the Forty-third Congress; was, for several years, engaged by the United States as Special Counsel under the Treaty of Washington. Hale, Salma ; was born at Alstead, New Hamp shire, March 7, 1787; was a printer at Walpole, New Hampshire; at the age of eighteen edited, in that place, the Political Observatory; subsequently studied law; from 1812 to 1834, with the exception of a few 14 years, was Clerk of the Supreme Court of Cheshire; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819; afterwards practiced at the bar; was a member of the Legislature from 1823 to 1825; Secretary of the Board of Commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent; in 1825 published "History of the United States," for schools; in 1826, " Annals of Keene "; "History of the United States," London, 1826, and other lit erary works. Died at Keene, November 18, 1806. Hale, William ; was one of the most influential men in New Hampshire; was a member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1817. Died at Dover, November 8, 1848, aged eighty-four years. Hale, "William ; was born in Iowa, November 18, 1839; received a good education; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1858; in that year settled at Glenwood, Iowa, in the practice of law ; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1863, and re-elected in 1864, 1865, and 1866; during the latter year was elected Speaker pro tern, of the House of Representatives and acted as Speaker the greater part of the session ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; was Chairman of the Republican Central Committee of the Eighth and Ninth Congressional Districts for a number of years; in August, 1883, was appointed, by the President, Governor of Wyoming Territory. Haley, Elisha ; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839. Hall, Allen A.; was born in North Carolina; practiced law at Nashville, Tennessee, and was, for thirty years, connected with the leading papers there; was Charge d Affaires to Venezuela from 1841 to 1845; Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury in 1849 and 1850; edited the Republic at Washington ; afterward edited the Daily News from 1857 to 1859, at Nashville; was Minister to Bolivia from 1863 to 1867. Died at Cochabamba, Bolivia, May 18, 1867. Hall, Augustus; was born in Batavia, New York, April 29, 1814; educated at Middlebury Acad emy in that State; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836; removed to Marysville, Ohio, in 1837; was County Attorney from 1840 to 1842; re moved to Kessauque, Iowa, in 1844; was a Presi dential Elector in 1852; in 1854 was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress from Iowa; was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1857; the same year was Chief Justice of Nebraska. Died near Bellevue, Nebraska, February 1, 1861. Hall, Benjamin P.; was born in New York; was appointed, from that State, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Colorado, residing at Denver City. Hall, Benton J.; was born at Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, January 13, 1835; removed, with his parents, to Iowa in December, 1839; was educated at Knox College, Illinois, and at Miami University, Ohio, at which latter institution he was graduated in June, 1855; studied law in the office of his father, Hon. J. C. Hall, at Burlington, Iowa; was admitted to the bar in 1857, and engaged in the practice of law at Burlington ; was a Representative in the General Assembly of the State of Iowa in 1872 and 1873; was elected a Senator in the General Assembly of Iowa for a term of four years, from January, 1882; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-ninth Congress. no BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hall, Boiling; was a member of Congress from Georgia from 1811 to 1817. Died near Montgomery Alabama, March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven years. Hall, Chapin ; was born in Ellicott, Chautauqu County, New York, July 12, 1816; received a gooc English education; devoted himself to mercantil pursuits in connection with lumbering; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to ths Thirty sijcth Congress, serving as a member of tl e Co limit tee on Invalid Pensions. Hall, David; was Governor of Delaware from 1802 to 1805. Hall, Dominick Augustine ; was born in North Carolina in 1765; commenced the practice of law in Charleston, South Carolina; was District Judge o Orleans Territory from 1809 until 1812, when it be came the State of Louisiana; was then appointee United States Judge of the State, in which position he continued during his life; owing to the military operations against New Orleans, his court was ordered to be adjourned for two months from December 15, 1814; in March, 1815, while the city was under Mar tial Law, Judge Hall was arrested by General Jack son for having granted a writ of habeas corpus to a person arrested by his authority; was released March 14, and immediately summoned General Jackson to answer for a Contempt of Court, resulting in a judg ment against him, and a fine of one thousand dollars, which he paid; it was, however, refunded to him, with interest, in 1844, by an Act of Congress. Died in New Orleans, December 19, 1820. Hall, George; was born in New Haven, Con necticut; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1816, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. Hall, Henry O.; was a citizen of New York; was for many years in the Consular Service in Cuba, serving as Consul at Matanzas, Vice Consul-General at Havana, and, from 1873 to 1882, as Consul-General of the United States at Havana; in 1882 was appointed United States Minister to the Central American States ; served until 188 6. Hall, Hiland; was born in Bennington, Vermont, July 20, 1795; passed his boyhood on his father s farm, receiving a good English education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; in 1827 was elected to the State Legislature, and afterwards, for several years, was State s Attorney; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Vermont from 1833 to 1843, officiating for several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; was Bank Commissioner for Vermont from 1843 to 1846; four years Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1850 Second Comptroller of the Treasury, and in 1851 was ap pointed, by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for California, where he remained until 1854; subse quently resided on the farm where he was born, and was elected Governor of Vermont in 1858; in 1859 re ceived from the University of Vermont the degree of LL.D. ; served as a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Died December 18, 1885. Hall, John ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Constitutional Convention from 1775 to 1786, and fiom 1783 to 1784. Hall, John W.; was born at Frederica, Delaware, January 1, 1817; received a good education; was left an orphan at an early age; the failure of his guardian threw him upon his own resources at the age of six teen, and he became a clerk in a mercantile house; invested his savings in outside business, which pros pered, and at the age of twenty -one commenced busi ness for himself; engaged in a variety of pursuits, in all of which he succeeded; finally confined himself to farming and ship-building; was State Director in the Farmer s Bank from 1861 to 1878; Stock Director from 1867 to 1871; was a State Senator; was a Dele-, gate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876; was Governor of Delaware from 1879 to 1883. Hall, Joseph ; was born in Essex County, Mas sachusetts, June 26, 1793; received a limited educa tion at Andover Academy; went to Maine, and was a clerk in a store until he was twenty-one years of age; served as Lieutenant of Militia in 18i3 and 1814; from 1817 until 1819 was engaged in mercantile pur suits; was Sheriff of two counties for twelve years; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1837; was the first Northern man who voted against receiving slavery petitions; before entering Congress was for four years Postmaster of Camden, Maine; was appointed, by President Polk, Navy Agent of Boston in 1849. Hall, Joshua G-. ; was born at Wakefield, New Hampshire, November 5, 1828; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1851; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1855; was Solicitor of Stratford County from 1862 to 1874; was Mayor of Dover, New Hamp shire in 1866 and 1867; was a State Senator in 1871 and 1872, and a member of the State House of Rep resentatives in 1874; was United States District At torney from 1874 to 1879; was elected a Representa tive from New Hampshire to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Hall, Lawrence W.; was born in Lake County, Ohio, in 1819; was educated in that State; graduated at Hudson in 1839; was admitted to the bar in 1843; practiced his profession until 1851, when he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which position he held until 1856; was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Agricul ture and on Public Buildings and Grounds; during the troubles of 1862 was imprisoned for alleged dis loyalty. Died soon after his release, in Ohio, Janu ary 26, 1863. Hall, Lyman; was born in Connecticut in 1725; jraduated at Yale College in 1747; studied medicine, and established himself in Sunbury, Georgia; early spoused the American cause; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and signed ;he Declaration of Independence; his property was confiscated by the British; in 1783 was elected Gov ernor of Georgia. Died in that State in 1791. Hall, Nathan K.; was born March 28, 1810, at Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York; read law n the office of Mr. (afterwards Pres ; dent) Fillmore, ind became his partner in the practice of their pro fession at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, in 1832; leld different administrative and j udicial offices in lis native State; served as a member of the State legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 847 to 1849; on Mr. Fillmore s accession to the residency, in July, 1850, was appointed to the ffice of Postmaster-General; was subsequently ap pointed Judge of the United States District Court for iVestern New York. Died in Buffalo, March 2, 1874. Hall, Obed ; was a Representative in Congress om New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 211 Hall, Robert B.; was born in Boston, Massachu setts, January 28, 1812; was educated for the minis try; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1855; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress in that year, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Hall, Thomas H.; was born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, in 1773; was educated for the medical profession ; was a Representati ve in Con gress from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835; in 1836 served as a member of the State Senate, and voted against the acceptance of any of the surplus revenue of the United States Treasury by the State of North Carolina. Died in Tarborough, June 30, 1853. Hall, Willard; was born in Westford, Massa chusetts, December 24, 1780; graduated at Harvard College in 1799; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1803;- removed to Delaware and practiced his profession there; in 1811 was elected Secretary of State in Delaware, and held that office three years; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 1818; was again Secretary of State in 1821; in 1822 was elected to the Legislature; in 1823 was appointed, by President Monroe, District Judge of the United States for Delaware; in 1829 revised the State Laws of Delaware; in 1831 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was also a man of influence in the religious world; was a Sunday-school teacher for forty^ years; the father of the public school system of th e State, and was an earnest advocate of the idea that lawyers ought al ways to be religious men. Died in Wilmington, in May, 1875. Hall, Willard Preble ; was born in Virginia in 1825; received a good education; studied law and was admitted to the bar; removed to Missouri, where he became eminent in his profession; was a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses; was Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Missouri from 1861 to 1865, and was Acting Governor for a portion of the time. Died at St. Jo seph, Missouri, November 1, 1882. Hall, William; was born in 1774; was a Gen eral of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1831 to 1833. Died in Surnner County, Tennessee, in October, 1856. Hall, William A.; was born in Maine; was taken to Virginia in early childhood; emigrated to Missouri in 1841; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court; was a member of the "Missouri Convention" of 18(51; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, in place of J. B. Clark, expelled; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Ca nals, and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment; was also a Delegate to the "Chicago Conven tion of 1864, and to the Philadelphia National Union Convention " of 1866. Hallett, Moses ; was born in Illinois; received a good education; studied law and engaged in prac tice; removed to Colorado; in 1874 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Colorado; in 1877 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Colorado. Hallock, John, Jr.; was born in Orange County, New York; was a member of the Assembly of New York State from Orange County, in 1816 and 1817, and from 1820 to 1821 ; was a Representative in Con gress from 1825 to 1829. Halloway, Ransom ; was a Representative in Congress from the Eighth Congressional District of New York, from 1849 to 1851. Died in Mount Pleasant, Prince George County, Maryland, April 6, 1851. Hallyburton, James D.; was a native of Vir ginia, and about the year 1844 was appointed United States Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia. Halsell, John E.; was born in Warren County, Kentucky, September 11, 1826; was educated in the common schools, and attended Cumberland Univers ity, Tennessee, from 1845 to 1849; engaged in agri cultural pursuits until 1857, then settled at Bowling Green, Kentucky, in the practice of law; in 1869 was elected Circuit Judge ; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Halsey, George A.; was born in Springfield, Essex County, New Jersey, December 7, 1827; in 1844 settled in Newark and engaged in the manufacturing business; in 1861 and 1862 was elected to the State Assembly; in the latter year was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of New Jersey, which office he held until 1866; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Retrenchment and the District of Columbia; in 1864 was Collector of Internal Revenue at Newark, New Jersey; was elected to the Forty-second Congress. Halsey, Jehiel H.; was a Representative from New York to the Twenty-first Congress; was a State Senator from 1832 to 1835. Halsey, Nicoll ; was a member of the New York Assembly from Tompkins County in 1 824 ; a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. Halsey, Silas; was a resident of New York; was a Representative in the State Legislature for several years; was a Representative from New York to the Ninth Congress; was a State Senator for one year. Halsted, William ; was born in New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1812; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843; was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but, although he came with a certificate under the seal of his State, was not admitted. Ham, John; was a citizen of Ohio; was Charge d j Affaires to Chili from 1830 to 1833. Hambleton, Samuel ; was born in Talbot Coun ty, Maryland, in 1812; received an academic educa tion; studied law and came to the bar in 1833; was elected to the House of Delegates in 1834, 1835, and 1853; to the State Senate from 1844 to 1850; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; President of the Chesa peake and Ohio Canal in 1853 and 1854; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Build ings and Territories; re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Hamer, Thomas L. ; was born in Pennsylvania; removed to Ohio when quite young; taught school; studied law and came to the bar in 1821; served sev- 212 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. eral sessions in the State Legislature, and was once elected Speaker; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1839; entered the army as a private, and was promoted at once to the rank of Brigadier-General; it has been said to his credit that he was the Representative who nominated General U. S. Grant, as a Cadet to West Point. Died at Monterey, Mexico, while serving in the army, De cember 3, 1846. Hamill, Patrick ; was born in Alleghany Coun ty,, Maryland, April 28, 1817; received a private and common school education; settled in Cumberland; was bred to the trade of a carpenter, but never worked as such; in 1841 was appointed Tax Collector for his County, and held the office two years; devoted some attention to mercantile pursuits; was elected to the State Assembly in 1843 and 1844; was seven years Judge of the Orphans Court of Allegheny County; subsequently turned his attention to stock- raising on his farm known as "Cranberry Glade"; in 1867 was again elected Judge of Probate; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and the Navy Department. Hamilton, A. H.; received a common school ed ucation; studied law, and devoted himself to that profession and politics; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Hamilton, Alexander ; was born in the island of St. Croix, of American parents, in 1757; when sixteen years of age came to New York, and spent three years in King s College; two years afterwards entered the army as an officer of artillery and be came an Aid-de-camp to Washington, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; acquitted himself with credit at the siege of Yorktown ; after the war quitted the army and turned his attention to the law in New" York ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and in 1787 and 1788; in 1786 was elected to the State Assembly; was elected to the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution; by his writings, signed Publius, did much to secure its adoption, but was the only member from New York who signed that instrument; in 1789 was appointed, by President Washington, Secretary of the Treasury, and continued in that office until 1795, when he re signed; in 1798 was associated with Washington in command of the army; in 1804 had a difficulty with Aaron Burr, which resulted in a duel, which took place at Hoboken, when he received a fatal shot, and died on the following day, July 12, 1804; he was the author of a great variety of able essays on politics and finance, and especially of the largest number of chapters published in the Federalist; his collected writings were published in an edition of seven vol umes in 1850. Hamilton, Andrew J.; was born in Madison County, Alabama, January 28, 1815; received a good common school education; passed his earlier years on his father s farm; for some years held the position of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and did business as a merchant; subsequently studied law and was ad mitted to the bar; in 1846 removed to Texas, and devoted himself to his profession ; in that State held the office of Attorney-General ; served frequently in the Legislature; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Select Committee of Thirty -three ; in 1862 was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Military Governor of Texas, and in 1865, by President Johnson, Provis ional Governor of the same State; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1H66, and to the "Soldiers Convention," held at Pitts- burg; was also a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State; member of the State Constitutional Con vention; was a brother of Morgan C. Hamilton. Died at Austin, Texas, April 11, 1875. Hamilton, Charles M.; was born in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in November, 1840; in 1801 entered the Union Army as a private, participated in sixteen battles, and was wounded three times at Games Mill, Antietam, and Fredericksburg; was for a time confined in Libby Prison; in October, 1863, was appointed a Lieutenant in the Veteran Reserve Corps; was appointed a Judge Advocate, in which capacity he served until 1865; was subsequently a Commissioner of Refugees in Florida; on being mus tered out of service, early in 1868, turned his atten tion to the practice of law; was elected a Representa tive from Florida to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; re- elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Educa tion and Labor. Hamilton, Cornelius S.; was born in Muskin- gum County, Ohio, January 2, 1821; received a com mon school education; studied law, but in addition to practicing that profession paid some attention to farming and banking, and edited a newspaper; in 1850 was elected to the "State Constitutional Con vention"; in 1856 to the Senate of the State; was subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Rev enue; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Private Land Claims and Invalid- Pensions; he was called from his duties in Washington to at tend upon a son, who had suddenly become insane, and by that son, in an unguarded moment, was killed, at Marysville, Ohio, December 21, 1867. Hamilton, James ; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1789; was liberally educated, and adopted the law as a profession; in 1812 served with distinction on the Canadian frontier; was for several years Mayor of Charleston ; in 1823 was elected to the State Legislature ; from that position was trans ferred to the National House of Representatives, where he remained until 1829; was subsequently chosen Governor of South Carolina; becoming inter ested in the Republic of Texas, helped to promote her independence, and went to Europe as Minister Plenipotentiary from that Republic; did much to promote the interests of his native city and State; was one of the founders of the Southern Quarterly Re view, and also of the Bank of Charleston; at the time of his death was a Senator elect in Congress from Texas; was drowned on his passage to Texas, No vember 15, 1857, by a collision between the steamers Galvcston and Opelousas, being a passenger on board the latter steamer. Hamilton, John; was at one time High Sheriff of Washington County, Pennsylvania; was a Repre- entative in Congress from that State, from 1805 to 1807. Died at his home, August 31, 1837. Hamilton, John Marshall; was born near Richwood, Ohio, May 28, 1847; removed, with his father, to Marshall County, Illinois, in 1854; was reared on a farm until sixteen years of age, having no advantages of education except those afforded by the country schools during the winter months, but studied diligently at home; attended an academy at Henry, Illinois, two terms; entered the Union Army BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 213 in 1864, and served until the close of the war; in 1865 entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, and in 1868 graduated with the degree of B.A. ; was princi pal of the academy at Henry, Illinois, in 1868 and 1869; in the latter year became a Professor of Latin at the Illixiois Wesleyan University; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870, at Bloomington, Illinois, and at once entered upon a very successful practice there; received the degree of A.M. from the Ohio Wesleyan University ; was elected a State Sen ator in 1876; was made President pro tern, of the Senate in January, 1879; was elected Lieuteuant- Goveruor in 1880; by the election of Governor Cullom to the United States Senate in January, 1883, be came Governor of Illinois for the unexpired term of two years. Hamilton, Morgan C.; was born near the town of Huntsville, in the State of Alabama, February 25, 1809; received a country school education; was brought up to mercantile pursuits; removed to the republic of Texas in 1837; was a clerk in the War Department from 1838 until 1845, acting as Secretary of War a portion of the time; was appointed Comp troller of the Treasury of the State in 1867; was elected a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1868; was elected to the United States Senate on the reconstruction of Texas, and took his seat in 1870; was also elected for the term commencing in 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pen sions and Railroads. Hamilton, Paul ; was born in South Carolina; was a patriot of the Revolution; in 1799 was ap pointed Comptroller of South Carolina, which office he held over live years; in 1804 was elected Governor of the State; in 1809 was appointed Secretary of the Navy, and held the office until 1812, when he re signed. Died at Beaufort, June 30, 1816. Hamilton, Robert; was born in Hamburg, Sus sex County, New Jersey, December 5, 1816; received an academic education; studied law, and was admit ted to practice in 1836, and as a counselor in 1840; was Prosecutor of Pleas fifteen years ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864, serving the last year as Speaker ; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Hamilton, "William T.; was born in Washing ton County, Maryland, September 8, 1820; educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; studied and practiced law; was a member of the Legislature in 1846; a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1849 to 1855; in 1861 declined the nomination for Governor of Maryland; was United States Senator from Maryland from 1869 to 1875; was elected Gov ernor of Maryland for the term of four years from 1880. Hamlin, Edward S.; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1844 to 1845. Hamlin, Hannibal ; was born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, August 27, 1809; prepared himself for a collegiate education, but, owing to his father s death, was obliged to take charge of his farm, where he remained until he was of age; then spent a year in a printing office as a compositor; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833, and continued in active practice until 1848; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840; Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 1840; was elected a Rep resentative to the Twenty-eighth Congress, and re- elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress; was again a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature in 1847; was elected to the United States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four years, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the decease of John Fairfield; was re- elected for six years in 1851 ; was elected Governor of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning his seat in the Senate and being inaugurated Governor the same day; on the 16th of the same month was re-elected United States Senator for six years, and resigned the office of Governor, February 20, 1857; served as a member of the Committees on Commerce and on the District of Columbia; in 1860 was nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for the office of Vice- President, and was elected; in 1865 was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Boston; in 1869 took his seat in the Senate for the fourth term, serving on various im portant Committees, and as Chairman of that on Mines and Mining; was re-elected for the term end ing in 1881; in June of that year was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain; resigned in 1882 and returned home. Hammet, "William J.; was born in Virginia; studied divinity; was Chaplain of the University of Virginia, when he finished his education ; was at one time Chaplain of Congress; was a Representative La Congress from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. Hammond, Abram A.; was born in Brattle- boro, Vermont, in March, 1814; went to Indiana when a youth; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835; after residing in various places, in 1850 was made a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Indianapolis; emigrated to California in 1852, but returned to In diana in 1854, locating at Terra Haute; in 1860 was elected Governor of the State, serving until 1861; having gone to Colorado for his health, died in Den ver, August 27, 1874. Hammond, Edward ; was born in Maryland ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Hammond, Eli Shelby ; was born at Brandon, Mississippi, April 21, 1838; passed his infancy in Alabama, and his childhood at Galveston, Texas; settled in Shelby County, Tennessee, in 1850; gradu ated at Union University, Tennessee, in 1857, and at. the Lebanon Law School in 1858; in the latter year was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Ripley, Mississippi; in 1859 removed to Memphis, Tennessee; served in the Con federate Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Regimental Adjutant; resumed the practice of law at Ripley, Mississippi; in 1868 again removed to Memphis, Tennessee; in 1878 was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Tennessee. Hammond, Jabez D.; was a lawyer and popu lar political writer of New York; did not receive a collegiate education, but Union College conferred upon him the degree of A. M. ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, and, on the expiration of his term, was elected to the State Senate, of which he was a member until 1821 ; in 1830 visited Europe to restore his health; was elected County Judge in 1838, and about that time commenced his "Political History of the State of New York"; in 1845 was elected, to succeed Mr. Van Buren, as a Regent of the University of New York, and held the office until his death; after his return from Europe, having withdrawn in a measure from public and professioual life, devoted himself to literary pursuits, and published works entitled "Julius Melbourn," "The Political History of New 214 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. York," and the " Life and Times of Silas Wright." Died August 18, 1855, in Cherry Valley, New York, his place of residence. Hammond, James H.; was born in Newbury District, South Carolina, November 15, 1807; gradu ated at the State College, Columbia, in 1827; prac ticed law from 1828 to 1830; was editor of the South ern Times; served his native State in Congress from 1835 to 1837, after which he visited Europe for his health; in 1841 was appointed a General of Militia; in 1842 was elected Governor of South Carolina; after spending about fifteen years in the quiet enjoyment of his plantation on the Savannah River, devoting himself to agricultural and literary pursuits, he was, in November, 1857, elected to the United States Sen ate in place of A. P. Butler, but withdrew in Decem ber, 1860. Died at his residence, November 13, 1864. Hammond, John; was born at Crown Point, New York, August 27, 1827; received an academic education, and graduated at the Troy Polytechnic Institute, New York; went to California in 1849; re turned to New York and became an iron manufac turer; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising from the ranks to Brigadier-General; was elected President of the Crown Point Iron Company; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Hammond, Nathaniel J.; was born in Elbart County, Georgia, December 26, 1833; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1852; commenced the practice of law in 1853; was Solicitor-General from 1861 to 1865; was Reporter of the State Supreme Court from 1867 to 1872; was Attorney-General of the State from 1872 to 1877; was a member of the Con stitutional Conventions of 1865 and 1877: was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hammond, Robert H.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. Died June 2, 184-7. Hammond, Samuel; was born in Richmond County, Virginia, September 21, 1757; received as good an education as the country afforded at the time; when quite young volunteered in an expedition against the Indians under Governor Dunmore, and acquired distinction at the battle of the Kanawha; when the Revolution broke out he displayed great bravery and ability at the battle of Long Bridge; at the siege of Savannah, where he was made Assistant Quartermaster; at the battle of Black Stocks had three horses shot under him, and was wounded; was a member of the "Council of Capitulation" at Charleston; was at the battle of King s Mountain; was also at the siege of Augusta; at the battle of Cowpens; the battle of Eutaw, where he was again badly wounded; was also in many other battles; after the war settled at Savannah, and held many positions of trust and honor; in 1793 headed a vol unteer corps, and did good service in the Creek coun try; served a number of years in the Georgia Legis lature; was one of the early Governors of the State; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805; was appointed, by President Jef ferson, Military and Civil Commandant of Upper Louisiana and Receiver of Public Money in Missouri; was also President of the Bank of St. Louis; in 1824 returned to South Carolina, and was elected to the Legislature of that State; was appointed Surveyo:- General, and, in 1831, Secretary of State; retired from public life in 1835. Died September 11, 1842. Hammons, David ; was born in Oxford County, Maine, in 1807; received a limited education; studied law and commenced the practice in Lovell, Oxford County, in 1836; was a member of the Senate of Maine in 1840 and 1841; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1847 to 1849. Hammons, Joseph ; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833. Died at Farmington, in that State, April, 1836. Hampton, James G.; was born in New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1835; was a Repre sentative in Congress from his native State from 1845 to 1849. Hampton, Moses ; was born in Beaver County Pennsylvania, October 28, 1803; removed, with his father, to Trumbull County, Ohio, so that his oppor tunities for even a common school education were limited; he, however, by his own exertions, obtained a classical education, and graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania; studied law at Uniontown; was admitted to the bar in 1829, and commenced to practice in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he re mained until 1838; then went to Pittsburgh, and practiced his profession; from 1847 to 1851, was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and declined a re-election; in 1853 was elected President Judge of the District Court for Allegheny County. Hampton, "Wade ; was born in South Carolina in 1765; took an active part in the War of the Revo lution; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 17i>5 to 1797, and from 1803 to 1805; a Presidential Elector in 1800; also in 1828; commanded a brigade in 1812 on the northern frontier; spent the larger part of his life engaged in agricultural pur suits, by which he amassed a very large fortune, having been called the richest planter in the United States. Died at Columbia. South Carolina, February 4, 1834. Hampton, "Wade; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, March 28, 1818; graduated from the South Carolina College; at different times served in both branches of the Legislature, being a State Sena tor at the time the State seceded; resigned from the Senate and entered the Confederate Army; served with conspicuous gallantry, rising to the rank of Major-General; was elected Governor of South Caro lina in 1876, and was re-elected in 1878; in Decem ber of the latter year was elected a Senator of the United States for the term of six years from March 4. 1879 ; in 1885 was re-elected for a second term. Hanback, Lewis ; was born at Winchester, Illi nois, March 27, 1839; received a common school edu cation; served three and a half years in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; studied Jaw, and was admitted to the bar in 1866; was Probate Judge of Shawnee County, Kansas, for four years; was Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Kansas for more than two years; in 1879 was ap pointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Salina, Kansas; was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Hanchett, Luther ; was born in Portage County, Ohio, October 25, 1825; received a good education at Fremont; studied law, and commenced the practice when twenty -one years of age; emigrated to Wiscon sin in 1849; was, for some time, engaged in the lead BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 215 and lumbering business; was four years District At torney for Portage County in his adopted State; from 1858 to 1860 was a member of the Wisconsin Senate; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Wiscon sin to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Private Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wisconsin, Novem- 26, 1862. Hancock, George : served as a Colonel in the Revolution; was greatly beloved by his associates; was a Representative ill Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. Died at Fotheringay, Virginia, August 1, 1820, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Hancock, John ; was born near Quincy, Massa chusetts, in 1737; graduated at Harvard University in 1754; was bred to commercial pursuits in the counting-house of an uncle; visited Europe in 1760; became a successful merchant; was for many years one of the selectman of Boston ; in 1766 went into the General Assembly of the State, where he became dis tinguished for his ability; was among the first to repel the policy of England, and the first vessel seized by the revenue officers was his property; in 1774 was unanimously elected President of the Provincial Congress, and having been elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775, Avas chosen President of that body, serving as such two years and a half, and as a Delegate from 1775 to 1780, and from 1785 to 1786; was the first man to sign the Declaration of Independence, and his peculiar signature is univers ally known; he also signed the Articles of Confeder ation ; was a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution; was Governor of Massachusetts for live years, after the adoption of its Constitution, and, under the Federal Constitution, from 1789 until his death, on October 8, 1793; he was a bold and high- toned patriot, and possessed all the personal quali ties of a good man and a true gentleman. Hancock, John ; was born in Jackson County, Alabama, October 29, 1824: was educated in Ala bama and Tennessee; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846; settled in Texas in 1847, practic ing his profession until 1851, when he was elected to the District Bench of the State; served as Judge until 1855, when he resigned; was a member of the State Legislature in 1860 and 1861; refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States, and was expelled; was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1866; engaged in the practice of his profession, and stock raising; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Centennial; was re-elected to the Forty- fourth Congress; was also elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-eighth Congress. Hand, Augustus C.; was born in Shoreham, Addison, County, Vermont, in 1806; adopted the profession of law; settled at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New York; was Surrogate of that county from 1831 to 1839; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841; a member of the State Senate from 1845 to 1848; was a Justice of the Supreme Court from 1848 to 1856, after which he was wholly devoted to the practice of his profession. Hand, Edward; was a Delegate from Pennsyl vania to the Continental Congress, in 1784 and 1785. Handley, "William A.; was born near Franklin, Georgia, December 15, 1834; removed, when young, to Alabama, where he was educated at a village school; was a United States mail-carrier for two years; a Post Office Clerk; for many years a Mail Contractor; was engaged in mercantile pursuits in the service of the Confederate States, as a civil and military officer, from 1861 to 1865; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as Representative from Ala bama, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Hanks, James M.; was born in Helena, Arkan sas, February 12, 1833; received a common school education; was a student at the Colleges of New Al bany, Indiana, and Columbia, Tennessee; studied law; graduated at the University of Louisville in 1855; commenced practice, and continued it at Hele na until the breaking out of the war; was opposed to secession; was elected Judge of the First District of Arkansas in 1864, and remained upon the bench until 1868; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as Representative from his native State, serving on the Committee on Insurrectionary States. Hanna, John ; was born in Marion County, In diana, September 3, 1827; graduated at Asbury Uni versity, Indiana, in 1850; studied and practiced law; was Mayor of Greencastle from 1851 to 1854; re moved to Kansas, and was a Representative in its Territorial Legislature in 1857 and 1858; returned to Indiana; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States District Attorney for the District of Indiana, and was re-appointed in 1865; was removed by President Johnson; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fifth Congress. Hanna, John A.; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1805. Hanna, Robert ; was a member of the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1816; a General of Militia; was for many years in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress from Indiana, by appoint ment, from 1831 to 1832; took an active part for many years in the public affairs of his State; was killed by the cars, while walking on the track of a railroad at Indianapolis, November 19, 1858. Hanneg-an, Edward A.; was born in Ohio, but passed his boyhood in Kentucky; received a good education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in his twenty-third year, settling in Indiana; was frequently a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1837; a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849, offi ciating part of the time as Chairman of the Commit tee on Roads and Canals and on Enrolled Bills; on his retirement from the Senate was appointed Minister to Prussia, and on his return from Europe took up his residence in Missouri. Died at St. Louis, February 25, 1859. Hanson, Alexander Contee ; was a lawyer by profession; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793; at one time edited a political newspaper called the Federal Republican, first at Baltimore and then at Georgetown, District of Columbia; was a bitter op ponent of the administration, and in 1812 published an article which so irritated the populace that his printing-office in Baltimore was destroyed; resolved to re-issue the paper, and took possession of a house for that purpose, supported by several political friends, well armed ; the paper appeared next morn ing with an article against the people and police of Baltimore, and in the evening the house was attacked by a mob, wl ich was, however, repelled; but Mr. Hanson and his friends were obliged to surrender to the civil authorities for security, and were conducted to jail; that building was also attacked, and Mr. Hanson was thrown in front qf the jail, with others, 216 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. and left by the inob, supposed to be dead ; it was after this that he issued his paper in Georgetown; afterwards settled in Baltimore, and was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1813 to 1816, when he was elected a Senator of the United States from Maryland. Died in Belmont, April 2 3, 1819. Hanson, John ; was distinguished as a friend of his country; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1783; President of that body during the first session, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation. Died in Prince George County, November 13, 1783. Haralson, Hugh A.; was born in Greene Coun ty, Georgia, November 13, 1805; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1825 ; adopted the law as a profession, bavin-;*, by an act of the Legislature, been permitted to practice before he was twenty-one; was, for many years, a member of the Georgia Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1851; participated in the military affairs of the State, and was a Major-General of Militia; when in Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Died at his home in October, 1854. Haralsson, Jeremiah ; was born in Muscogee County, Georgia, April 1, 1846, of slave parents; in 1865 became free by the close of the Rebellion, and settled in Alabama; acquired a knowledge of English by means of his own personal efforts; in 1868 took an interest in politics; in 1870 presided over the Con vention which nominated B. S. Turner for Congress; in the same year was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1871 a Justice of the Peace; was for three years President of the Alabama Labor Union ; also elected to a Convention of his own people held in New Orleans; in 1872 was elected a State Senator; in 1874 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress from the State of Alabama. Hard, Gideon ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1833 to 1837, and a State Senator from 1842 to 1847. Hardeman, Thomas ; was born at Eatonton, Georgia, January 12, 1825; graduated at Emory Col lege, Georgia, in 1845 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847; engaged in the warehouse and commission business; in 1853 was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature; in 1855 was elected State Senator; in 1857 was again elected to the As sembly; in 1859 was elected a Representative in Con gress from Georgia; served with distinction in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; was again elected to the Assembly in 1863, and was Speaker of the House; was re-elected in 1864, and was again made Speaker; was Chairman of the Democratic State Executive Committee for four years; in 1874 was again elected a Representative in the State Leg islature, and was chosen Speaker of the House; in 1876 became President of the Georgia State Agricul tural Society, and continued to be annually re-elected ; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-eighth Congress. Hardenbergh, Augustus A.; was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 18, 1830; was educated at Rutgers College; spent several years in a counting house in New York City; in 1853 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1858 became cashier of the Hudson County Bank in Jersey City; in 1868 was elected, by the Legislature, State Director of Rail roads; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1868; President of the Northern Railroad of New Jersey; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; declined re-nom ination; in 1878 was elected president of the Hudson County National Bank; was elected to the Forty- seventh Congress; declined a further re-nomination. Hardin, Benjamin; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1784; removed, with his parents, to Washington County, Kentucky, in 1787; received his education from private tutors; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806; settled at Elizabethtown, but removed to Bardstown in 1808; was a member of the Legislature in 1810, 1811, 1824, and 1825; State Senator from 1828 to 1832; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, from 1819 to 1823, and from 1833 to 1837; was Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1844 to 1847; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1849; in the summer of 1852 was crip pled by a fall from his horse and died soon after at Bardstown, September 24, 1852. Hardin, Charles H.; was born in Boone County, Missouri, in 1820; graduated at the Miami Univers ity. Ohio; studied law; in 1848 was elected a County Attorney in Missouri; in 1851 became one of the Managers of the State Lunatic Asylum; in 1852 was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1855; was one of a Commission to revise the State Laws; in 1858 was again elected to the Legislature, and in 1860 to the State Senate; again elected to the Senate in 1872; in the following year was elected Governor of Missouri; devoted much of his attention, as a public man, to the cause of education, and through his liberality a college was established in Mexico, bearing his name, and having an endowment of nearly forty thousand dollars. Hardin, E. R.; was born in Georgia; was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska. Hardin, John J.; was born at Frankfort, Ken tucky, in 1810; was the son of M. D. Hardin, pre viously a member of Congress; graduated at the Transylvania University; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Illinois, and located in Jackson ville, where he practiced his profession with success; held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for his Cir cuit; was a member of the Illinois Legislature from 1836 to 1842; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1843 to 1845; commanded a regiment in the war with Mexico, and was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while leading his men, with heroic gallantry, in a final charge, February 23, 1847. Hardin, Martin D.; was born on the Mouonga- hela River, Western Pennsylvania, June 21, 1780; was educated chiefly at Transylvania Seminary, in Kentucky; studied law; served for several years in the Legislature of Kentucky*, was at one time Sec retary of State ior Kentucky; served in the North western army as a Major; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817; he had a superior mind, and as a lawyer was eminently successful. Died in Franklin County, Kentucky, October 8, 1823. Harding, Aaron ; was born in Greene County, Kentucky; passed his boyhood on a farm; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833, locating in Greene County; in 1840 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1861 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Territories; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Po>t Roads; re-elected to the Thirth-ninth BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 217 Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Invalid Pensions; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Harding , Abner O.J was born in East Hamp ton, Middlesex County, Connecticut, February 10, 1807; was educated chiefly at Hamilton Academy, New York; practiced law in Oneida County, of that State, and fifteen years in Illinois; managed farms in that State for twenty -five years; was a member of the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1848; served in the State Legislature in 1848, 1849, and 1850; was for ten years engaged in managing railroads; in 1862 enlisted as a private in the Eighty-third Illinois In fantry, and, having been appointed its Colonel, served with success at Fort Donelson ; was made a Brigadier- General, and had command at Murfreesborough in 1863; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illi nois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Union Prisoners, Claims, and the Militia. Died at Monmouth, Warren County, Illi nois, July 19, 1874. Harding, Benjamin F.; was born in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1823; studied law in his native county, and came to the bar in 1847; emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and during the follow ing year settled in Oregon; in 1850 was chosen a member of the Legislative Assembly; in 1851 was Chief Clerk of the Legislative Assembly; in 1852 was chosen a member of the Legislature and made Speaker; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, United States District Attorney for the Territory of Oregon; in 1854 was appointed Secretary of the Ter ritory, which office he held until Oregon was ad mitted as a State; from 1859 to 1862 was a member of the State Legislature, serving the last two years as Speaker; in 1862 was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon; took his seat during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Naval Affairs and that on Public Lands. Harding, Stephen S.; was born in Indiana; removed to Utah; was -appointed from that Territory an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Colorado, residing in Denver City. Hardy, John ; was born in Scotland, September 19, 1835; emigrated to the United States, with his parents, when a child ; graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1853, and became a tutor in that institution ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1861 ; in that year was a member of the State House of Representatives; was a member of the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York in 1863, 1864, 1867, 1868, and 1869; was Clerk of the Com mon Council in 1870 and 1871; was Chief Clerk in the office of the Mayor in 1877 and 1878; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Fernando Wood; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Hardy, Samuel ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from Virginia from 1783 to 1785. Haring, John ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775, and again from 1785 to 1788. Harlan, Aaron ; was born in Warren County, Ohio, September 8, 1802; received a good English education; adopted the profession of the law, and \vas admitted to the bar in 1825; in 1831 was elected a member of the State Legislature; in 1838 and 1839 was elected to the State Senate; was a Presidential Elector, in 1844, from Ohio; in 1849 was again elected to the State Senate; in 1850 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention"; in 1852 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, where he continued to serve the people of his native district until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Harlan, Andrew J.; was born in Chester, Clin ton County, Ohio, March 29, 1815; received a limited education ; studied law, but abandoned the practice for politics; in 1842 was elected Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives; was elected to the Legisla ture in 1846, 1847, and 1848; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Indiana from 1849 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855. Harlan, James; was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, June 22, 1800; received a good English education; engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817 to 1821 ; then commenced the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823; in 1829 was ap pointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Circuit in which he resided, and held the office four years; in 1835 was elected a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky, and in 1837 was re-elected; during the last session was Chairman of the Committee for Investi gating Defalcations; from 1840 to 1844 was Secretary of State of Kentucky ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; in 1845 was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature; in 1850 was appointed Attorney-General of that State, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Frankfort, Kentucky, February 18, 1863. Harlan, James ; was born in Clarke County, Illinois, August 25, 1820; graduated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1845; adopted the profession of the law; w r as Superintendent of Public Instruction for lowain 1847; was President of the Iowa Wesleyan University in 1853; was elected a Senator in Con gress from Iowa in 1855, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; on January 12, 1857, because of informality in his appointment, and after long debate, his seat was declared vacant, but on the 17th of the same month he was elected by the Legis lature for the term ending in 1861; was a Delegate to the "Peace Convention" of 1861; was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1867; in March, 1865, was invited, by President Lincoln, to succeed Mr. Usher as Secretary of the Interior Department; after the death of President Lincoln he waived his right to a seat in the cabinet of President Johnson, but the appointment of the former was confirmed by the latter, and on May 15, 1865, he resigned his seat in the Senate and entered upon his duties as Secre tary of the Interior; in January, 1866, was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1873, and in July resigned his position as Secretary of the Interior, the resignation to take effect in the September following; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven- ; tion" of 1866; in 1867 wasmade Chairman of the Com mittee on the District of Columbia, serving on those on Foreign Relations, Post Office, and Pacific Railroad; in 1869 was appointed President of the Iowa Univers ity; after leaving the Senate in 1873 became pro prietor and editor of the Washington Chronicle. Harlan, John Marshall ; was born in Boyle County, Kentucky, June 1, 1833; graduated from Centre College, Kentucky, in 1850; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; in 1858 was elected 218 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. County Judge of Franklin County, Kentucky; in ,1859 was defeated for Congress as the candidate of the Whig, or anti-Democratic party; at the breaking out of the Civil War entered the Union Army as Colonel of the Tenth Kentucky Infantry; in 1863 was elected, on the Union ticket, Attorney-General of Kentucky; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of the State in 1871 and 1875; in 1877 was appointed, by President Hayes, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Harmanson, John H.; was born in Norfolk, "Virginia, in January, 1803; was educated at Jefferson College, Mississippi; having removed to Louisiana, devoted himself first to one of the mechanic arts, then to law, and afterwards to agriculture; served in the State Senate in 1844; was elected to the National -House of Representatives in 1845, and re-elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watchful eye upon the interests of his adopted State; proposed, in Congress, a project to secure a grant from the United States to Louisiana of all the submerged lands in that State, with a view to their redemption from that condition, thus promoting the public health. Died in New Orleans, October 25, 1850. Harmar, Josiah; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1753; educated chiefly at Robert Proud s Quaker School; was made Captain of the First Pennsylvania Regiment in October, 1776 ; was Lieutenant-Colonel from 1777 until the close of the war; was in Washington s Army from 1778 to 1780; with General Greene in the South in 1781 and 1782; made Brevet-Colonel of the First United States Regi ment in 1783; in 1784 took the Ratification of the Treaty of France; was Indian Agent for the North west Territory in 1785, and was present when the treaty was made at Fort Mclntosh; was Lieutenant- Colonel of Infantry in 1784; brevetted Brigadier- General by Congress in 1787, and General-in-Chief of the Army in 1789; commanded an expedition against the Miami Indians in 1790, and partially defeated them; resigned in 1792; was Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania, from 1793 to 1799, and furnished the troops for Wayne s campaign in 1793 and 1794. Died in Philadelphia, August 20, 1813. Harmer, Alfred O.; was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1825; received a public school education; commenced business as a shoe manufacturer and became a wholesale dealer; was elected a member of the City Councils of Philadelphia in 1856, and served four years; was elected Recorder of Deeds for Philadelphia in 1860, and served three years; was a Delegate to the National Convention at Chicago; was elected to the Forty -second and Forty- third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on the District of Columbia, and as a member of that on Weights and Measures; was again a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty- ninth Congresses. Harriett, Cornelius; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Harper, Alexander; was born in Ireland; having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representa tive in Congress from 1837 to 1839, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. Harper, Francis J.; was elected a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat, March 18, 1837, aged thirty-eight years. Harper, James; was born in Ireland in 1779; was a brickmaker; having emigrated to Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837; was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. Died in Philadelphia, March 31, 1872. Harper, James C.; was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1819; removed to Ohio in 1831; was reared on a farm; received a common school education ; in 1840 removed to Cald- well County, North Carolina, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, but afterwards in farming; filled various county offices; was elected to the State Legislature in 1865, 1866, and 1868; was barred by the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, but his disabilities were removed by Congress in 1869; was elected to the Forty -second Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Harper, John A.; was a Representative in Con gress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813. Harper, Joseph M.; was born in Limerick, Maine, June 21, 1787; commenced active life by working on his father s farm in summer, and going to the district school in winter; was also at the Frye- burg Academy; taught school; studied medicine and law, and practiced both professions; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1831 to 1835; in 1858 Avas President of the Me chanics Bank, Concord; for a short time, in 1831, officiated as Acting Governor of New Hampshire. Died in Canterbury, New Hampshire, January 14, 1865. Harper, Robert Goodloe ; was bom near Fred- ericksburg, Virginia, in 1765; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1785, and for a time a teacher in that institution; removing to Charleston, South Carolina, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of that State; was a leading Representative in Con gress from South Carolina, from 1794 to 1801; subse quently removed to Baltimore, Maryland; was a Senator in Congress from that State during the years 1815 and 1816; in 1819 visited p]urope, and on his return devoted himself to the cause of the Coloniza tion Society and to literary pursuits, publishing a number of interesting addresses and papers, which were subsequently collected in a volume; served with credit in the war of 1812, attaining the rank of Major-General. Died suddenly, January 15, 1825, having been engaged the preceding day in the Cir cuit Court. Received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Princeton College. Harper, Samuel H; was a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Louisiana. Harper "William ; was a native of South Caro lina; born January 17. 1790; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808; became one of the Board of Trustees of that institution in 1813; adopted the pro fession of the law; served in the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the Lower House; was a Senator in Congress from South Carolina during the year 1826; was appointed Chancellor of that State in 1835; in 1830 was elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and for a time State Reporter; for domestic reasons, he spent a few years in Missouri from 1818 to 1823, and while there was made Chancellor of the State; was an eminent jurist. Died October 10. 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Harriman, "Walter ; was born at Warner, New Hampshire; was a school teacher, and subsequently a trader, and being an active politician, held several important offices ; in August, 1862, became Colonel of the Eleventh New Hampshire Regiment, which he led through the Civil War; was Secretary of State of New Hampshire from 1865 to 1867, and Governor of the State from 1867 to 1869. Died July 25, 1884. Harrington, George ; was born in Massachu setts; became a citizen of Georgia; was for many years a Clerk in the Treasury Department at Wash ington; Chief Clerk under his personal friend, S. P. Chase; in 1861 was appointed Assistant Secretary of that department; between the years 1865 and 1869. was Minister Resident to Switzerland; was subse quently President of a telegraph company in New York City. Harrington, Henry W.; was born in Otsego County, New York, September 12, 1825; studied law, and came to the bar in 1849; in 1856 took up his residence in Indiana, and continued the prosecution of his profession there; after serving in a local conven tion, was chosen a Delegate to the Charleston Con vention in 1860; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868; was subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Rev enue in Indiana. Harris, Benjamin Gwinn; was born near Leonardstown, St. Mary s County, Maryland, De cember 13, 1806; after receiving an academic educa tion at Charlotte Hall, spent a few months in St. Mary s College, and went to Yale College, from which he was dismissed, with one hundred and forty others, in 1829, on account of their seceding from Commons Hall; although a compact was entered into that they would not return unless their wishes were respected, all of them did return, excepting Mr. Harris and one other, a Georgian; subsequently spent fourteen months at the Cambridge Law School, and then set tled in his native county as a lawyer; in 1832 was elected to the House of Delegates of Maryland, and re-elected in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1852, and 1856; with his profession and public duties he combined agri cultural pursuits; in 1863 was elected a Representa tive from Maryland to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1864; re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in May, 1865, was arrested and tried by court martial for violating the 56th Article of War, and, although declared guilty, the President, on acount of additional testi mony, ordered the sentence of the court to be re mitted in full. Harris, Benjamin W.; was born in Bridge- water, Massachusetts, November 10, 1823; received an academic education; studied law at the Dane Law- School, Cambridge; was admitted to practice at Bos ton in 1850; removed to East Bridge water in 1850; was a member of the State Senate in 1857, and a Representative in 1858; was District Attorney from 1858 to 1866; was Collector of Internal Revenue for the Second District from 1866 until 1873, when he resigned; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; was re-elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; de clined a re-nomination. Harris, Gary A..; was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs in July, 1836, but only held the office until October of the same year. Harris, Charles M.; was born in Munfordsville, Hart County, Kentucky, April 10. 1821; received a common school education; adopted the profession of the law; having become a citizen of Illinois, was elected, in 1862, a Representative from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Expenditures and on Expenditures in the War Department. Harris, Edward ; was one of the earliest mem ber of the Circuit Court of the United States after its organization, and was appointed Judge of the Fifth Circuit in 1802, by President Jefferson. Harris, Elisha ; was Governor of Rhode Island for two years, beginning with the year 1847. Harris, George E.; was born in Orange County, North Carolina, January, 1827; was reared in Car roll County, Tennessee; removed to Mississippi in 1844; studied law and practiced from 1854 until the breaking out of the war in 1861; was opposed to se cession, but when his State severed its connection with the Union, joined the Confederate Army, and remained until the close of the war; came home and favored reconstruction ; was elected District Attorney in 1865 and 1866; was elected to the Forty -first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Com mittees on Military Affairs and Accounts; was sul>se- quently chosen Attorney -General for the State of Mississippi. Harris, Henry R.; was born in Sparta, Georgia, February 2, 1828; removed to Greenville, Meriwetiier County, in 1833; graduated at Emory College in 1847; engaged in planting; was a member of the Georgia Convention in 18(1 ; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was also elected a Representa tive to the Forty-ninth Congress. Harris, Henry S. ; was born at Belvidere, New Jersey, December 27, 1850; graduated at Princeton College in 1870; studied law; was licensed as an at torney in 1873, and as Counselor in 1876; in 1877 was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for Warren County; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-seventh Congress. Harris, Ira; was born in Charleston, Montgom ery County, New York, May 31, 1802, tracing his lineage to the colony of Roger Williams; when a boy worked upon a farm in summer, and attended school in winter; in his seventeenth year entered Cortland Academy to prepare for college; graduated at Union College in 1824; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Albany, where he settled; for seventeen years devoted his whole attention to his profession, in which he was eminently successful, avoiding all political entanglements; in 1844 was elected to the State Legislature; re-elected in 1845; was a Delegate, in 1846, to the Convention for revising the Constitu tion of the State; before the Convention adjourned was elected to the State Senate; in 1847 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the position twelve and a half years; in 1861 was elected, for six years, a Senator in Congress from New York, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private- Land Claims, and member of the Committees on the Judi- 220 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. ciary, Foreign Relations, and Public Lands; was a member of the Special Joint Committee on the Rebel lious States; was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of Presi dent Lincoln to Illinois; during his sojourn in Wash ington he delivered an occasional Lecture before the Law Students of Columbia College, by invitation of the Faculty; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention " of 1866, and to the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1867; received, from Union College, the degree of LL.D., and, in 1869, was acting President of that institution. Died in Albany, December 2, 1875. Harris, Isham GK; was born in Franklin County, Tennessee; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced prac tice at Paris, Tennessee, in 1841; was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1847; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty- first and Thirty-second Congresses; declined a re election; removed to Memphis, Tennessee; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was elected Governor in 1857, and re-elected in 1859 and 1861; served three years in the Confederate Army as a Staff Officer; was elected a United States Senator from Tennessee for the term of six years from March 4, 1877, and was re-elected for the term ending in 1889. Harris, J. Morrison ; was born in the city of Baltimore, in 1821; was educated at Lafayette Col lege, Pennsylvania; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; in 1855 was elected a Representative from Mary land in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and returned to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Mileage; also re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Harris, John; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1809. Harris, John A.; was born in New York in 1826; in 1846 settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, devoting him self to mercantile pursuits; was President of the Marine Bank of Milwaukee; removed to Louisiana in 1864; was a member of the State Constitutional Conven tion ; was a member of the Board of Registration ; also of the State Senate; in 1868 was elected a Sena tor in Congress from Louisiana for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Printing. Harris, John T.; was born in Albemarle Coun ty, Virginia, May 8, 1825; received a good English education, attending school and working on his father s farm alternately; taught school for a while; studied law, and was licensed to practice in 1845; was a State Elector in 1848, 1851, and 1855; a Presi dential Elector in 1852 and 1856; was twice elected Attorney for the Commonwealth; was elected a Rep resentative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings; was also elected to the Forty- second and two succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committees on Claims and War Claims; in De cember, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Com mittee on Elections; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Hirris, Leavitt ; in 1813 was appointed Secretary of Legation to Russia, and while there, acted also as Secretary of the Mission Extraordinary, for entering into negotiations with England; in 1833 was made Charge tf Affaires to France. Harris, Mark ; was born in Ipswich, Massachu setts, in 1779; removed to Portland in 1800; became a grocer; took an active part in politics; held the offices of County and State Treasurer for twenty years; was a State Senator in 1816 and 1819; a State Counselor in 1820; served also in the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of E. Whitman. Died in New York, March 2, 1843. Harris, Robert ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1827. Harris, Sampson W.; was born in Elbert County, Georgia, February 23, 1809; graduated at Franklin College in 1828; adopted the profession of the law; served one term in the Georgia Legislature; removed to Alabama; was there appointed Prosecut ing Attorney for the State; in 1847 was elected a Representative in Congress from Alabama, where he continued until his death. Died in Washington, D. ; C., April 1, 1857. Harris, Thomas K. ; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815. Harris, Thomas L.; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, October 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity Col lege, Hartford, in 1841; studied law in Connecticut with Governor Isaac Toucey ; was admitted to the . bar in Virginia in 1842, and during that year com menced the practice of his profession in Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois ; in 1 845 was chosen School Commissioner for his county; in 1846 raised and com manded a company, and joined the Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, to serve in the war with Mex ico; was afterwards elected Major of the regiment, and owing to the sickness of his superior officers, was chief in command during most of the campaigns; was at the taking of Vera Cruz, and served in the navy battery with a detachment during the day of its terrible fire; was also at Cerro Gordo, and after the wounding of General Shields, took command of the regiment; was honorably mentioned in govern ment dispatches for placing a twenty-four pounder cannon on the heights of Cerro Gordo, during the night preceding the battle; while absent in the army, in 1846, was elected a Senator in the Illinois Legisla ture; in 1848 was chosen a Representative in Con gress; was again elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; during his second term officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Elections; took a special interest in the election in Illinois, when he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and it is supposed that owing to his declining health, the efforts he made were the immediate cause of his death, which occurred at Springfield, Illinois, November 24, 1858; his disease was pulmonary consumption. Harris, Townsend ; was a citizen of New York; in 1855 went to Japan as Consul General, and two years afterwards was authorized to negotiate a treaty with that empire; in 1868 was promoted to the rank of Minister Resident, and succeeded in negotiating a treaty, and by his diplomacy won special credit from his government; in 1871 was re-commissioned to the same office, and is credited with having done much to cement the existing friendship between the United States and Japan. Died February 25, 1878. Harris, W. L.; was appointed, by the Acting Governor of Mississippi in 1851, to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation of J. Davis, but it does not appear from the Journal of the Senate that he took his seat. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 22 f Harris, "Wiley P.; was born in Mississippi ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Took part in the Rebellion. Harris, William A.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, Augusts, 1805; received a classical education; adopted the profession of the law, and practiced it for ten years; was twice elected to the Legislature of Virginia; was a Presidential Elector in 1641; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1841 to 1843; was editor, for several years, of a journal called the Spectator, and subsequently of the Constitution, published in Washington; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, Charge d Affaires to Buenos Ayres, where he remained until 1851; after the election of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, be came the editor and proprietor of the Washington Union, which continued in his possession until he was elected Printer to the United States Senate, which office he held for two years; in 1854 removed to Missouri. Died in Pike County, March 28, 1864. Harrison, Albert GK; was a native of Kentucky; > was a lawyer by profession ; was a member of Congress from Missouri from 1835 to 1839. Died at Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 1839, highly esteemed. Harrison, Benjamin; was born in Berkeley County, Virginia; was educated at the College of : William and Mary; after performing important duties i on local committees, was elected to the Will iamsburg j Convention of 1774; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Independence; in 1775 was a member of the Rich mond Convention; took an important part in organiz ing means of defense; while in Congress he served I conspicuously on the most important committees, and was very popular as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole; was a Counselor of Virginia under the new form of government; was considered a Colossus in the cause of liberty and human rights; was amem- | ber, and Speaker, of the House of Burgesses; in 1782 j was elected Governor of Virginia, and twice re- I elected; subsequently served in the Legislature; was | a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution. Died in April, 1791. He was the warm personal friend of Washington, and the father of President William Henry Harrison. Harrison, Benjamin ; was born at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, August 20, 1833; received a classical education, graduating at Miami Univers ity, Ohio, in 1852; studied law: in 1854 removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, and settled in the practice of his profession ; in 1860 was elected Reporter of the Supreme Court of the State; entered the Union Army in 1862, as a subaltern and rose to the rank of Colonel, and Brevet Brigadier-General, serving until 1865; while in service was re-elected Reporter of the Su preme Court and, after leaving the army, served four years in that position; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Indiana in 1876; in 1879 was ap pointed a member of the Mississippi River Commis sion; was elected a Senator for the United States from Indiana for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Harrison, Carter B.; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1799. Harrison, Carter H.; w^ born in Fayette County, Kentucky, February 15, 1825; his early edu cation was obtained from his mother, but he gradu ated at Yale College in 1845; prepared himself for the legal profession, but became a farmer; subsequently traveled in Europe; graduated at the Law School of Transylvania, and settled in Chicago, Illinois; after the great fire, in 1871, was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners; in 1874, after his return from a second trip to Europe, was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; in 1879 was elected Mayor of Chicago, and was re- elected in 1881, 1883, and 1885. Harrison, Henry B.; was born at New Haven, Connecticut, September 11, 1821; received a classical education, graduating from Yale College in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar at New Haven in 1848, and engaged in the practice of law there, in which he continued until 1880, when he retired from business; was a member of the State Senate of Con necticut in 1854; was a Representative in the Legis lature of Connecticut in 1865, 1873, and 1884; in the latter year was Speaker of the House; was elected Governor of Connecticut for the term of two years from January, 1885. Harrison, Horace H.; was born in Wilson County, Tennessee, August 7, 1829; was liberally educated; was elected Clerk of the State Senate in 1851; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1857; removed to Nashville in 1859; was appointed United States District Attorney for Middle Tennessee in 1863; was elected Chancellor in the Nashville Chancery Division in 1866; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee in 1867; resigned in 1868; was an Elector for the State at large; was again appointed United States District Attorney in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. Harrison, John Scott ; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1857. He was the sou of William Henry Harrison. Harrison, Richard; was born in 1750; wa Auditor of the United States for fifty-five years; and five years Consul to Cadiz. Died in Washington, July 10, 1841. Harrison, Richard A.; was born in England in 1827; emigrated to Ohio in 1836; received a good English education; served for a time in a printing office in Clarke County; graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in 1846; in 1857 was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives; subsequently to the State Senate; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Invalid Pensions and on the Militia. Harrison, S. S.; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1837. Harrison, William ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787. Harrison, William Henry ; was born in Charles County, Virginia, February 9, 1773; was educated at Hampden Sidney College; afterwards studied medi cine; received, from President Washington, a mili tary commission in 1791, and fought under Wayne in 1792; after the battle of Miami Rapids, was made Captain and placed in command of Fort Washington; in 1797 was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory; in 1799 and 1800 was a Delegate to Con- ;ress; being appointed Governor of Indiana, was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and negotiated thirteen treaties; gained a great victory at the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811; in the war with Great Britain was Commander of the Northwest Army, and was distinguished in the defense of Fort 223 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Meigs, and the victory of the Thames; from 1816 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio; was a Presidential Elector in 1821 and 1825; from 1825 to 1828 was United States Senator; in 1828 was Minis ter to the Republic of Columbia; on his return, re sided upon his farm, at North Bend, Ohio; in 1840 was elected President of the United States, by two hundred and thirty-four votes out of two hundred and ninety-four, and was inaugurated March 4, 1841. Died in the Presidential Mansion, April 4, 1841. Hart, Alphonso ; was born at Vienna, Trumbull County, Ohio, July 4, 1830; received a good educa* tion in the common schools and at Grand River Insti tute, Austiuburgh, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851, and engaged in practice; was editor of the Portage (Ohio) Sentinel from 1854 to 1857; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Portage County in 1861, and re-elected in 1863; in 1864 re signed and was elected State Senator; was again elected State Senator in 1871 ; in 1872 was a Presi dential Elector; in 1873 was elected Lieutenant-Gov- ernor; removed from Ravenna to Cleveland, Ohio; in 1878 settled at Hillsboro, Highland County, Ohio; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- eighth Congress. Hart, Emanuel B.; was born in New York City, October 29, 1811; entered early upon a mercantile occupation; went to the Spanish Main as a super cargo; settled in New York as a commission mer chant; served for a time in the Board of Aldermen ; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853; was at one time a Lieutenant-Colonel of the State Militia; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Sur veyor of the Port of New York; was also frequently a member of the State and National Conventions of the Democratic party. Hart, E. Kirke ; was born at Albion, Orleans County, New York, April 8, 1841; received an aca demic education; engaged in the banking business in 1860, and became Cashier of the Orleans County Na tional Bank; was a member of the Assembly in 1872; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Hart, John ; was born at Hopewell, New Jersey, 1708; received an ordinary education; was a farmer, and for many years a member of the Colonial Legis lature of New Jersey; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1777; suffered much from the loyalists, who used special exertions to take him prisoner; fled from his family, and wandered through the woods from cottage to cottage, and from cave to cave, constantly hunted by his enemies, so that he never ventured to sleep twice in the same place; the capture of the Hessians by Washington allowed him to return to his estate, where he passed the rest of his life; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and great confidence was reposed in the wisdom and judgment of " honest John Hart." Died at Hopewell, in 1780. Hart, O. B.; was born in the North; emigrated to Jacksonville, Florida; was made Associate Judge of the Supreme Court in 1868; was elected Governor of Florida in 1872. Died at his home, March 18 1874. Hart, Roswell ; was born at Rochester, New York, in 1824; graduated at Yale College in 1843; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1847, but never practiced the profession; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits; in 1864 was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Expenditures in the State Department, and the Dis trict of Columbia ; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Died April 20, 1883. Hartley, John F.; was born in Maine; was for many years a Clerk, and lso Chief Clerk, in the Treasury Department; in 1865 was appointed Assist ant Secretary of the Treasury; resigned in May, 1875; his reputation was that of a most capable officer. Hartley, Thomas ; was born in Reading, Penn sylvania; served in the Revolutionary War as a Colonel, from 1776 to 1779; was a lawyer of emi nence; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1789 until his death, which occurred at York, Pennsylvania, in 1800. He was one of those who voted for locating the seat of Government on the Potomac. Hartranft, John Frederick; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1830; graduated at Union College in 1853; studied ! law and came to the bar in 1859; entered the Volun- , teer Army at the commencement of the Rebellion, and, as Colonel of the Fourth Pennsylvania, was in the battle of Bull Run; was also in the battles at Roanoke Island, at Newberne, in the second battle of Bull Run, and many other engagements; from 1864 was a Brigadier-General, and had command of a brigade at the battle of the Wilderness; was brevet- ted a Major-Gen eral; his troops were the first that entered Petersburg; in 1865 was elected Auditor- General of Pennsylvania, and re-elected in 1868; in 1872 was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and was re-elected in 1875. Hartridge, Julian; was born in Savannah, Georgia; received a collegiate education ; studied and practiced law; was Solicitor-General of the Eastern Judicial Circuit of Georgia; a Representative in the State Legislature; Delegate to the Charleston Demo cratic Convention of 1860; served in the Confederate Army; was a member of the Confederate Congress; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conven tion of 1872; Presidential Elector in that year; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died January 8, 1879. Hartzell, William ; was born upon a farm in Stark County, Ohio, February 20, 1837; in 1840 re moved, with his parents, to Illinois; in 1844 re moved to Texas, where he remained until 1853, when he returned to Illinois, and settled in Randolph County; graduated at McKendree College in 1859; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and engaged in the practice of law; was elected a Representative to the Forty- fourth Congress from Illinois; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Harvey, James E.; was born in South Carolina, February 4, 1820; was chiefly educated by the Right Rev. Bishop England, in Charleston; paid some at tention to law; in 1842 was appointed to the charge of the Loan Office in the United States Treasury, which he organized; in 1844 became connected with the North American and United States Gazette, of Phil adelphia, as one of its editors, and was its Washing ton correspondent for seventeen years; also corre sponded with the New, York Tribune and other jour nals; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Portugal, and remained in the position eight years, the Senate having confirmed him with out a single opposing vote; in 1870 established a Democratic paper in Washington called the Patriot, which he managed for one year, when his health compelled him to retire. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 223 Harvey, James M. ; was born in Monroe County, Virginia, September 21, 1833; studied in the public schools of Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois; practiced sur veying and civil engineering as a profession until he removed to Kansas, in 1859; was Captain in the Fourth and Tenth Regiments of Kansas Volunteer Infantry from 1861 until 1864; was a member in the lower House of the State Legislature in 1865 and 1866; a member of the State Senate in 1867 and 1868; was Governor of Kansas from 1869 to 1871; was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Alexander Caldwell, and took his seat in 1874, for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Mines and Min ing, Mississippi Levees, and Public Lands. Harvey, Jonathan; was born in Merrimack County, New Hampshire; served seven years in the two Houses of the State Legislature; was President of the Senate from 1817 to 1823; was a State Coun selor from 1823 to 1825; was a Representative in Con gress from New Hampshire from 1825 to 1831, during his last term serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce. Died in Sutton, New Hampshire, August 23, 1859, aged seventy-nine years. Harvey, Louis P.; was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, July 22, 1820; removed, with his parents, to Ohio in 1828; was educated at the Western Reserve College; in 1840 settled at Kenosha, Wiscon sin, where he taught an academy and edited a news paper; in 1850 removed to Rock County and entered into active business; was a member of the first State Constitutional Convention; was in the State Senate from 1855 to 1857; was chosen Secretary of State soon afterwards; was elected Governor of Wisconsin in 1861 ; while going to the army with supplies for the wounded after the battle of Shiloh, was drowned in the Tennessee river, April 19, 1862. Harvey, Matthew ; was born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, in 1781; was for many years a member of the New Hampshire Legislature ; Speaker of the House from 1818 to 1821; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1821 to 1825; President of the State Senate from 1825 to 1828; was a State Counselor in 1828; Governor of the State in 1830; in 1831 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court. Died at Concord, New Hampshire, April 7, 1866. Harvie, John ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from Virginia from 1778 to 1779, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Hasbrouck, Abraham ; was a member of the New York Assembly from Ulster County in 1781 and 1782, and again in 1811; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; was a State Senator in 1822. Hasbrouck, Abraham B.; was a native of Ulster County, New York; spent a few years of his life in New Jersey; graduated from Yale College in 1810; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827; was President of Rutgers College, which office he resigned. Hasbrouck, Josiah ; was for four years a mem ber of the New York Assembly; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1819. Hascall, Augustus P.; was born in Massa chusetts; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853. Haskell, Dudley C.; was born at Springfield, Vermont, March 23, 1842; received a classical educa tion; engaged in mercantile pursuits; removed to Kansas in 1855; served as a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872, 1875, and 1876, the last term as Speaker; was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Died, at Washington, December 16, 1883. Haskell, "William T.; wavS born in Tennessee; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; commanded, as Colonel, a Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers in the war with Mexico, and distinguished himself at Medelin and at Cerro Gordo ; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1847 to 1849; a Presidential Elector in 1852. Died at Hopkinsville, Tennessee, March 20, 1859. Haskin, John B.; was born at Fordham, West- chester County, New York, August 7, 1821 ; was edu cated at a public school in New York City; was a lawyer by profession; held several important city offices from 1846 to 1856; was then elected a Repre sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Expen ditures in the Navy Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Haslett, Joseph ; was born in Delaware, and was the son of John Haslett, who was killed at the battle of Princeton in 1777 ; was Governor of Dela ware from 1811 to 1814. and again in 1823 and 1824. Hassaurek, Frederick; was a citizen of Ohio; from 1861 to 1866 was Minister Resident to Ecuador. Hastings, George ; was born in Clinton, Onei- da County, New York, March 13, 1807; graduated at Hamilton College in 1826; studied law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1830; was District Attorney for Oneida County nine years; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 1855; late in the latter year was elected Judge for Livingston County, which office he held until his death. Died at Mount Morris, Livingston County, New York, August 29, 1866. Hastings, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1839 to 1843. Died at Colum bus, December 29, 1854. Hastings, Samuel Clinton ; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Congress from Iowa from 1846 to 1847; was at one time a Judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa; having emigrated to Cal ifornia, practiced his profession in San Francisco. Hastings, Seth ; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1782; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1807; after his ser vice in Congress, was elected a State Senator in 1810 and 1814; was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions. Died at Mendon, Massachusetts, in 1831, aged seventy years. Hastings, "William Soden ; was frequently a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts; was in the Senate from 1829 to 1834 ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1842. Died at the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842. Hatch, Herschel Harrison ; was born at Mor- risville, Madison County, New York, February 17, 1837; received a common school education; in 1854 became clerk in a dry goods store in New York City; graduated from the Law School of Hamilton College, 224 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. New York, in 1858, and was admitted to the bar; en gaged in the practice of law in his native county; in 1863 removed to Bay City, Michigan, and practiced his profession; was elected a member of the first Board of Aldermen of Bay City in 1865; elected Judge of Probate in 1868; appointed a member of the State Constitutional Commission in 1872, and of the State Tax Commission in 1881; was elected a Eepresentative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress. Hatch, Israel T.; was born in New York in 18Q8: was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1852; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on Engraving; in 1859 was appointed, by President Buchanan, to examine and report upon the working of the Reciprocity Treaty; a few weeks later was ap pointed Postmaster at Buffalo. Died at Buffalo, September 24, 1875. Hatch, William Henry ; was born in Scott County, Kentucky, September 11, 1833; was educated at Lexington, Kentucky; was admitted to the bar in 1854, and engaged in the practice of law; removed to Missouri; was elected Circuit Attorney of the Six teenth Judicial Circuit in 1858, and re-elected in 1860; served in the Confederate Army as Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General during the war of the Rebellion; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Hatcher, Robert A.; was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, February 24, 1819; was educated in Lynchburg; studied law, and was licensed to practice in Kentucky; removed to Missouri in 1847; there fol lowed his profession; was, for six years, Circuit Attorney of the Tenth Judicial Circuit of Missouri; was a member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; a member of the State Convention in 1862; of the Confederate Congress in 1864; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on several Committees; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died at Charleston, Missouri, December 18, 1886. Hathaway, Samuel G-.; was born in Freetown, Bristol County, Massachusetts, July 18, 1780; received a common school education; tried the sea as a sailor, but gave it up; in 1830 settled in Chenango County, New York; was, for eight years, a Justice of the Peace; in 1814 and 1818 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1822 to the State Senate; was a Representative from New York to the Twenty-third Congress; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the "Cin cinnati Convention" of 1856; was for many years deeply interested in military affairs, and attained the rank of Major-General of Militia; besides holding a great variety of local offices, became one of the most extensive land proprietors and farmers in his county. Hathorn, Henry H.; was born in Greenfield, New York, November 28, 1813; received an academic education; was a merchant at Saratoga from 1839 to 1849; was largely interested in the hotel business there, as one of the proprietors of Congress Hall, and also owner of the Hatliorn Spring; was Supervisor for Saratoga four years; was elected Sheriff of the County in 1853 and 1862, serving six years; was elected to the Forty-third Congress from New York; re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Hathorn, John; was a member of the State Sen ate of New York in 1787; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1795 to 1797; was again elected to the State Senate in 1804; during the latter year was a Presidential Elector. Hatton, Frank ; was born at Cambridge, Ohio, April 28, 1846; in early boyhood removed, with his parents, to Cadiz, Ohio, where his father published the Republican newspaper; in 1857 entered his father s office as an apprentice; at the age of fourteen, in 1861, became foreman of the publishing office; in 1863 enlisted in the Union Army; in 1864 was com missioned a First Lieutenant; at the close of the war, in 1865, settled at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, whence his father had preceded him, and, in partnership with his father, published the Journal newspaper there; in 1874 removed to Burlington, Iowa, and purchased a controlling interest in the Burlington Hawkeyc, and there gained a national reputation as a political writer; was appointed, by President Hayes, Post master at Burlington; in October, 1881, was ap pointed, by President Arthur, First Assistant Post master-General ; on the appointment of Postmaster- General Gresham as United States Circuit Judge, in 1884, Mr. Hatton was promoted to the vacancy thus created, and enjoyed the distinction of being, with the single exception of Alexander Hamilton, the youngest person who had ever held a Cabinet office; on the expiration of his term of office, in March, 1885, resumed the profession of journalism as prin cipal owner and editor of the Mail, at Chicago, Illi nois. Hatton, Robert ; was born in Sumner County, Tennessee, in 1827; graduated at Cambridge Uni versity; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849; served in the Tennessee Legislature in 1856; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Expenses in the Navy Department; served in the Rebellion of 1861, and was killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1862. Haughey, Thomas; was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1826; emigrated to this country and set tled in Alabama in 1840, where he received a clas sical education; studied medicine and surgery, and graduated as a physician in New Orleans in 1858; served as a Surgeon in the army of the United States from 1862 to 1865; was subsequently Staff Surgeon in the Military Hospital at Chattanooga; was twice compelled to leave his home on account of his devo tion to the Union cause; was a Delegate, in 1867, to the State Constitutional Convention; and in Febru ary, 18C8, was elected a Representative from Ala bama to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenditures on Public Buildings. Haun, H. P.; was born in Scott County, Ken tucky; read law at the Transylvania University, of that State, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; was for a time Attorney for his native county; removed to Iowa in 1845, and was a member of the Conven tion which formed the Constitution of that State in 1846; removed to California in 1850, and was there elected a County Judge; in 1859 was elected a Sen ator in Congress from California, for the unexpired term of the late Mr. Broderick, serving on the Com mittees on Indian Affairs and on Territories. Died at Marysville, California, May 6, 1860. Haven, Nathaniel A.; was a native of New Hampshire; graduated at Harvard University in 1779; was a member of Congress from that State from 1809 to 1811. Died in March, 1831, aged sixty- nine years. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 225 Haven, Solomon &. , was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New York, De cember 24, 1861. Havens, Harrison B.; was born in Franklin County, Ohio, December 15, 1837; received a common school education; studied law in Illinois, and prac ticed in that State and in Iowa; removed to Spring field, Missouri in 1867, and became editor of the / Springfield Patriot; returned to the practice of law in 1873; held several unimportant civil offices, and served for a short time as Captain in the army; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Territories. Havens, Jonathan N.; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1777, and was for nine years a member of the New York Assembly from Suffolk County, and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1795 to 1799, the year of his death. Hawes, Albert GK; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1837, and died in Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 1849. Hawes, Aylett ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1811 to 1817; was a phy sician by profession, and died in Culpepper County, Virginia, August 31, 1833. Hawes, Richard ; was born in Caroline County, Virginia, February 6, 1797; removed, with his family to Kentucky in 1810; received a good col legiate education; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1828, 1829 and 1836, and was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1841. Hawk, Robert M. A.; was born in Hancock County, Indiana, April 23, 1839; was educated at the local schools and at Eureka College, Illinois; removed to Illinois; served* three years in the Union Army, during the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Major; was Clerk of the County Court of Carroll County, Illinois, from 1865 to 1879, by successive elections; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Died June 29, 1882. Hawkes, James ; was born in Worcester, Mas sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1823. Hawkins, Alvin ; was a resident of Hunting don, Tennessee, and served in the Senate of that State; was Governor of the State from 1881 to 1883. Hawkins, Benjamin ; was born in Yates Coun ty, North Carolina, August 15, 1754; was educated at Princeton College, and was an excellent French scholar, which occasioned his becoming a personal friend of Washington, that he might act as inter preter in his intercourse with the French officers of his army; was with him at the battle of Mon- mouth; in 1780 was chosen Commercial Agent by the Legislature of North Carolina; from 1781 to 1784, and 1786 to 1787, was a Delegate in Congress; as a Senator of the United States, under the Constitution, from North Carolina, served from 1789 to 1795; hav ing been appointed, by President Washington, Agent for Superintending of all the Indians south of the Ohio, retained that office until his death, having tendered his resignation, without its being accepted, to each successive President from 1796 to 1816. He was a man of superior abilities and lofty character, and left behind him some valuable writings on 15 Topography" and " Indian Character." He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov- xnment on the Potomac. Died June 6, 1816. Hawkins, Isaac R.; was born in Maury Coun ty, Tennessee, May 16, 1818; served as a Lieutenant in the war with Mexico, and was present at the cap ture of Vera Cruz; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861; was in 1862 elected a Judge, but on account of the war was not commissioned; from 1862 to 1865 served as an officer in the Union Army, and had command of the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry; was captured by Confederates in March, 1864, and con fined in two different prisons in Macon, Georgia; was one of the fifty officers placed under the fire of the Federal guns in Charleston; in 1865, after having been mustered out was commissioned Chancellor for the Sixth Division of Tennessee; in that year was elected a Representative in Congress from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session, and serving on the Com mittees on the Militia and the Debts of Loyal States; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and Chairman of that on Mileage. Hawkins, George S.; was born in New York, and having become a citizen of Florida, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses from that State, serving on the Commit tees on Private Land Claims and on Naval Affairs; was also a member of the Select Committee of Thir ty-three on the Rebellious States; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Hawkins, Joseph; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1851. Hawkins, Joseph H; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature from 1810 to 1813: and Speaker of that body in 1812 and 1813; a Representative in Congress from that State in 1814 and 1815. Hawkins, M. T.; entered public life in 1819 as a member of the House of Commons of North Caro lina; was a member of the State Senate from 1823 to 1827; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1831 to 1841 ; served again in the State Senate in 1846; was also at one time a General of Militia. Hawkins, Philemon ; was born in North Caro lina, December 3, 1752; was a member of the Assem bly from Bute County before he was of age, and rep resented the counties of Bute and Granville for thir teen years, with but two years intermission ; his last term was at Fayetteville in 1789; was a member of a troop of cavalry at the battle of Allamance, May 16, 1771; raised the first Volunteer company in Bute County for the War of Independence; in 1776 was elected Colonel of a Regiment, and in that capacity performed much service; was the last surviving signer of the State Constitution of North Carolina; in 1776 was a member of the Convention which ratified the United States Constitution; was frequently a mem ber of the Executive Council. Died at Pleasant Hill, Warren County, North Carolina, January 28, 1833. Hawkins, William ; was a native of North Carolina; was elected a member of the Assembly in 1805 and was Speaker; took an active part in the War of 1812; was Governor of North Carolina from 1811 to 1814. Died about that time. 226 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hawley, Cyrus M.; was born in New York; re moved to Illinois; was appointed from that State Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City. Hawley, John B.; was born in Fairfield County Connecticut, February 9, 1831; Avent to Illinois witl his parents when quite young; studied law, and or coming to the bar in 1852, settled at Rock Island; it i856 was elected State s Attorney, serving four years in 1861 entered the Volunteer Army, and as a Cap tain took an active part in the battles of Forts Henry and Donaldson, receiving injuries in the last engage ment which made it necessary for him to retire Iron military duty in 1862; in 1865 was appointed, try President Lincoln, Postmaster of Rock Island, and removed the year following by President Johnson in 1868 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lauds and Freedmeu s Affairs; re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Claims; was Assistant Sec retary of the Treasury from December, 1877, to April, 1880. Hawley, Joseph. ; was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1724; graduated at Yale College in 1742; began public life as a preacher, but devoted himself to the law; practiced many years in Hamp shire County, and became distinguished as a lawyer and politician, and an advocate of American liberty; from 1764 to 1776 held a seat in the Legislature, and was a member of all the important Committees ol the time, refusing an election as member of the Coun cil; in 1770 was Chairman of the Committee on Cor respondence; in 1774 was Chairman of the Committee to Consider the State of the Country, in the Provin cial Congress, and was a member of that body in 1775; continued a member of the General Court as long as health would permit; was an opponent of Jonathan Edwards, and effected his removal from Northampton, but afterwards became his warm advo cate, and in 1760 wrote a remarkable letter deploring the part he had originally taken against him. Died in Northampton, May 10, 1788. Hawley, Joseph Bos-well ; was born at Stew- artsville, North Carolina, October 31, 1826; removed to Connecticut in 1837; graduated at Hamilton Col lege, New York, in 1847; studied law at Cazenovia, New York, and Farmington, Connecticut; commenced practice at Hartford, September 1, 1850; became edi tor of the Hartford Evening Press in 1857; enlisted in th?, First Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, 1861, and was commissioned a Captain ; served three months, and engaged in recruiting the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, in which he was commissioned Lieuten ant-Colonel; became Colonel in 1862, Brigadier-Gen eral in 1864, brevetted Major-General in 1865, and mustered out in 1866; was elected Governor of Con necticut in 1866, holding the office one year; returned to journalism as editor of the Hartford Courant; was President of the National Republican Convention in 1868; was elected to the Forty-second Congress to succeed James L. Strong, deceased, in 1873; re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Centennial Exhibition ; was made President of the Centennial Commission; was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Forty-sixth Congress; was elected United States Senator from < onnecticut for the term of six years from March 4 1881. Haws, J. H. Hobart; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Hay, Andrew K.; was born in Massachusetts; having become a resident of New Jersey, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. Hay, G-eorge; was a distinguished member of the Virginia Legislature; was for many years United States Attorney, in which capacity he was the prose cutor of Aaron Burr; was subsequently Judge of the United. States Court for the Eastern District of Vir ginia; his political writings, signed " Hortensius," gave him some celebrity; he wrote a treatise against the Usury Laws, "Life of John Thompson," and a treatise on Emigration in 1814. Died in Richmond, September, 1830. Hay, John B.; was born in Belleville, Illinois, January 8, 1834; received a common school educa tion; worked on a farm, and then in a printing- office; adopted the profession of the law; was, for eight years, a District Attorney for the State; served in the Union Army during the Rebellion; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and the Post Office. , Hay, Malcolm ; was born at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, in 1842; was educated at the University of Pennsylvania; in 1859 removed to Missouri and en gaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1862 began the study of law at Trenton, New Jersey; was admitted to the bar there in 1865 and entered upon the practice of law: soon afterwards removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he continued the practice of his profession ; became Presidentof the Mercantile Library Association, of Pittsburg; was a Trustee of the Dollar Savings Bank; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1872; was Chairman of the Pennsylvania Delegation to the Democratic National Convention in 1880; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, First Assistant Postmaster-General; resigned in July of t^e same year on account of ill-health. Died October 20, 1885. Hayden, Ed-ward Daniel ; was born at Cam- Bridge, Massachusetts, December 27, 1833; was edu- ated at Lawrence Academy, Groton, Massachusetts, md at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1854; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and practiced aw until 1862, when he entered the United States Navy as Assistant Paymaster; was a member of the State House of Representatives of Massachusetts in 1880, 1881, and 1882; settled at Woburn, Massachu setts; was elected a Representative from Massachu setts to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hayden, Moses ; was born in Hampshire ounty, Massachusetts; graduated at Williams Col- ege in 1804; was a member of the New York State Senate in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative in ongress from New York, from 1823 to 1827. Died ebruary 14, 1830, aged forty-four years. Hayes, Philip C. ; was born at Granby, Connec- icut, February 3, 1833; removed, with his father s amily, to La Salle County, Illinois, the same year; >assed his childhood and youth on a farm; grad- lated at Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1860; entered he Union Army in 1861 as a private, and served hroughout the war, rising to the- rank of Colonel, md Brevet Brigadier-General; after the close of the var became a journalist; was a Delegate to the Na- ional Republican Convention in 1872; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fifth Con- ;rcss; re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS. 227 Hayes, Rutherford B.; was born in Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822 ; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, and at the Law School of Cambridge; adopted the profession of the law; was City Solicitor of Cin cinnati from 1858 to 1861; Major and Lieutenant- Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers in 1861; Colonel of the same from 1862 to 1864, when he was appointed a Brigadier-General; during the same year was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; resigned in the summer of 1867, and was soon after wards elected Governor of Ohio; in 1868 the degree ofLL.D. was conferred upon him by Gambier Col lege; in 1875, after a severe contest, was again elected Governor of Ohio, the opposing candidate being William Allen, who, as Governor, had recently appointed him a Commissioner to the Centennial; was President of the United States from 1877 to 1881. Hayes, Samuel ; was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Haymond, Thomas S.; was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Haymond, W. S.; was born in Harrison County, Virginia, February 20, 1823; gained his education mostly by his own industry, with some instruction at the common schools; in this way mastered the higher branches of mathematics; taught school for two years, also devoted some time to civil engineer ing; studied medicine, and removed to Indiana in 1851, and became successful in his profession; in 1831 entered the army as a Surgeon, where he re mained until 1863 ; defeated for the State Senate in 1866; was elected President of the Indianapolis, Delphi and Chicago Railroad Company in 1872, 1873, and 1874; and was the projector of a railroad from Chicago to Charleston, South Carolina, and elected President of the company in 1873; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- fjurth Congress. Hayne, Arthur P.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, March 12, 1790; received a good edu cation, and commenced active life in a counting- house; early formed an attachment for military life, and on entering the army, rendered good service dur ing the last war with England at Sackett s Habor, as First Lieutenant; on the St. Lawrence as Major of Cavalry; in the Creek Nation as Inspector-General, and also at the storming of Peusacola and at New Orleans; after the war studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania; during the Florida war was again called into the field, and had command of the Tennessee Volunteers, and after receiving three brevets, retired from the army in 1820; subsequently served in the Legislature of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1828, voting for Jackson; was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate from South Carolina in May, 1858, in the place of J. J. Evans. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, January 7, 1867. His brother, E. Y. Hayne, was also a Senator in Congress. Hayne, Robert Y.; was born near Charleston, South Carolina, November 10, 1791; his early advan tages of education were limited; studied law with Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the bar before he was twenty -one years of age, attaining high rank as a lawyer; in the war of 1812 held the commission of Lieutenant; in 1814 was elected to the State Legis lature, and in 1818 Speaker, and was also Attorney- General of the State; was elected to the United States Senate in 1823, and continued thereuntil 1832, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs; in 1832, as a member of the "Union and State Rights Convention" of South Carolina, reported the Ordi nance of Nullification, and was soon afterwards elected Governor of the State, serving until 1834; was subsequently Mayor of Charleston, and President of the Charleston, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad Company. Died at Ashville, North Carolina. Sep tember 24, 1839. His abilities were of a high order, and he acquired distinction by his participation in a debate in the Senate with Daniel Webster. Haynes, Charles E., was born in Brunswick, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. Haynes, Martin A. ; was born at Springfield, New Hampshire, July 30, 1845; received a common school education; adopted the occupation of a printer; served three years in the Union Army during the Civil War; in 1868 established the Lake Village Times; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1872 and 1873; Clerk of the State Supreme Court for Belknap County from 1876 to 1883; Presi dent of the New Hampshire Veteran Association in 1880 and 1881; Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1881 and 1882; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Hays, Charles ; was born in Greene County, Alabama, February 2, 1834; educated at the Uni versity of Georgia and the University of Virginia; devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and was one of the largest planters in Alabama; elected to the Constitutional Convention of Alabama in 1867, and was one of the framers of the Constitution of that State; was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1868; and while a member was elected to the Fortv- first Congress; was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Af fairs, and Cha~irman of that on Agriculture. Hays, James B.; was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1840; removed, Avith his parents, to Wisconsin in 1847; attended the public schools, the parish school at" Delafield, Wisconsin, and the Wisconsin State University, until 1860; in. 1861 began the study of the law at Horicon. Wiscon sin; was admitted to the bar in 1865; was Clerk of Courts for Dodge County, Wisconsin, from 1863 to 1867; was District Attorney for Dodge County for eight years; was an unsuccessful candidate for Secre tary of State of Wisconsin in 1877; in July, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Idaho. Hays, L. Samuel ; was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Hayt, Ezra A.; was a citizen of New York; was Commissioner of Indian Afl airs, in the Department of the Interior, from September, 1877, to March, 1880. Hayward, Elijah ; was born in Massachusetts; and in 1830 was appointed Commissioner of the General Laud Office in Washington, holding the posi tion six years. 228 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Haywood, William H., Jr.; was born in Wake County, North Carolina, in 1801; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1819; studied law entered public life as a member of the Houseof Com mons in 1834, continuing there three years; in 1836 was Speaker of the House; and was a Senator in Con gress from 1843 to 1846. Hazard, Ebenezer ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1745; graduated at the New Jersey College in 1762; was the last Postmaster-General under the old Government, having served as such from 1782 to 1789: was the author of two volumes of Historical Collections, and also of a Report on the Western Indians. Died in Philadelphia. June 13. 1817. Hazard, Jonathan ; was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Hazard, Nathaniel; was born in Newport, Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 1792; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. Died December 18, 1820, in Washington City. Hazeltine, Abner ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1829 and 1830; was a Represent ative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Hazeltine, Ira S.; was born at Andover, Ver mont, July 13, 1821; received a common school and academic education; taught school in Wisconsin for three years; studied law; engaged in various enter prises for developing the resources of that State; was commissioned a Colonel of State troops in 1852; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1867; in 1870 removed to Missouri and engaged in agricultural pursuits; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-seventh Congress. Hazelton, Gaorge O.; was born in Chester, New Hampshire, January 3, 1833; graduated at Union College, New York, in 1858; studied law and was admitted to the bar; settled in Boscobel, Wis consin, in 1863; was elected District Attorney in 1864 and re-elected in 1866; was elected State Sena tor in 1867, and chosen President pro tern, of the Sen ate; re-elected in 1869; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Hazelton, Gerry W.; was born in Chester, New Hampshire, February 24, 1829; was educated at the Pinkerton Academy, New Hampshire, and was a private tutor there; studied law in New York; re moved to Wisconsin in 1856; was electeH to the State Senate in 1860, and twice chosen President pro tern.; elected District Attorney in Columbia County; was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1866, and removed; was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Wisconsin in 1869; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on War Claims, Elections, and the Navy Department. Hazelton, John W.; was born at Mullica Hill, New Jersey, December 10, 1819; attended the high school at Burlington; was a practical farmer; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago in 1868; was a Presidential Elector in that year; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv ing on the Committee on Agriculture. Hazen, Abraham D.; was born at Centreville, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, February 24, 1841; was prepared for college by a private tutor; graduated from Lafayette College, at Easton, Penn sylvania, in 1863; in August, 1866, was appointed a first-class clerk in the Post Office Department, at Washington City; was successively promoted to a clerkship of the second class in March, 1868; of the third class in July, 1869, and of the fourth class, with an assignment as Acting Chief of the Stamp Division, in May, 1870; in April, 1872, was appoint ed, by President Grant, a member of the Civil Ser vice Examining Board of the Post Office Depart ment; in July, 1874, was appointed Chief of the Stamp Division of the Post Office Department, being the first person to hold that office; in July, 1877, was appointed, by President Hayes, Third Assistant Postmaster-General; studied law while serving in the Department, and in June, 1877, graduated from the Law Department of the Columbian University, at Washington City; in July, 1877, was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, but never practiced law; in 1884, without resigning his post in the Post Office Department, was a member of the Government Board of the New Orleans Exposi tion, by appointment of President Arthur. Hazzard, David; was Governor of Delaware from 1830 to 1833. Head, Natt ; was born at Hooksett, New Hamp shire, May 20, 1828; received a common school and partial academic education; at an early age engaged in the manufacture of bricks and in the lumber busi ness, in which he became very successful; was a Director in several banks and railroads; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1861 and 1862; was Adjutant-General, Inspector-General, and Quar termaster-General of the State from 1863 to 1870, rendering most efficient service; was defeated for the State Senate in 1875; was State Senator in 1876 and 1877, and was President of the Senate in the latter year; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1878 to 1880. Died at Hooksett, November 12, 1883. Healy, Joseph; was born in Cheshire, New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1825 to 1829, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; was also a State Counselor from 1829 to 1832, and State Senator in 1824. Died at Washington, New Hamp shire, October 10, 1861, aged eighty-five years. Heard, John T. ; was born at Georgetown, Pettis County, Missouri; was educated at the common sehools of Pettis County and at the State University at Columbia, Missouri, graduating from the Univers ity in 1860; read law; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law at Sedalia, Missouri ; was elected to the State Legislature of Missouri in 1872; in 1861 was elected, without opposition, a State Senator, and served four years; in 1881 was em ployed by the Fund Commissioners of the State to prosecute and adjust all claims of the State against the General Government; resigned that position on being elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hearst, George ; was born in Franklin County, Missouri, September 3, 1820; received a public school education; passed his early manhood on his father s : arm; in 1850 went to California, where he worked in the mines and located and purchased mining prop erty; engaged in mining, stock-raising and farming; in 1865 was elected a Representative in the Califor nia State Legislature; in 1885 the Democrats who were in the minority in the State Legislature, gave him their unanimous vote for United States Senator; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. on March 23, 1886, Avas appointed, by the Governor, United States Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John F. Miller. Heath, James E.; was born in Virginia, in 1850 was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, holding the oflice until 1853. Heath, James P.; was born in Delaware, De cember 21, 1777; in 1799 was appointed a Lieutenant in the Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers, which he resigned in 1802; was Register in Chancery at Annapolis at the commencement of the War of 1812; served through the whole war as Aid-de-camp to General Winder; in 1838 was wrecked on the steamer Pulaki, and spent live days and nights afloat upon a piece of the wreck; when nineteen years of age fought a duel with John Knight, and received a* wound, from which the ball was never extracted; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Commerce. Died in Georgetown, District of Columbia, June 12, 1854. Heath, John; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. Heath, Upton S.; was a native of Maryland; reccive.l a liberal education; several of his kinsmen were prominent in public life, and he himself held various local offices connected with the profession of the law; was for many years United States Judge for the District of Maryland. Heaton, David; was born in Butler County, Ohio, March 10, 1823; received an academic educa tion; read law, and was admitted to the bar; in 1855 was elected to the Ohio Senate; in 1857 removed to Minnesota; was elected to the Senate of that State: was twice re-elected; in 1863 removed to Newbern, North Carolina, where he held a position under the Treasury Department; in 1867 was elected a Dele gate to the State Constitutional Convention; in 18(J8 was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Census; re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and as Chair man of that on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Died in Washington, June 25, 1870. His last words were " God bless the colored people." Hebard, William; was born in Connecticut; settled in Vermont; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, was Judge of the Supreme Court from 1842 to U845; Judge of Probate for seven years; served seven years in the two Houses of the Legislature; was two years Attorney for Orange County. Heflin, Robert S.; was born in Madison, Georgia, April 15, 1815; received a good education; served in the Creek War in 1836; was elected Clerk of the Superior Court of Fayette County in 1836, and re-elected in 1838; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; was a member of the State Senate in 1840 and 1841 ; removed to Randolph County, Georgia, in 1844; was a member of the Legislature in 1849, and 1860; was a Union man during the war of the Re bellion, and in 1864, was compelled to leave his home to save his life, passing through the lines to the Union Army at Rome, Georgia, accompanying Gen eral Sherman s command to Savannah; was appointed Judge of Probate in 1865, and subsequently elected to that office, which he held until the State was ad mitted into the Union; was a Republican Elector was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several Committees. Heilman, "William ; was born at Albig, Rhein- rlessen, Germany, October 11, 1824; came to the United States in 1843 and settled at Evansville, Indi ana; became President of a large cotton mill, and owner of other manufacturing establishments there; served six years in the City Council; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1870; was a State Senator in 1876; also a Delegate to the Repub lican National Convention of that year; resigned his eat in the State Senate in 1879, having been elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-seventh Con- ress. Heister, Daniel ; was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1747; received a good English edu cation; became a thorough business man; settled in Montgomery County, where he was active during the Revolution, being Colonel, and afterwards Brigadier- General of the Militia, and in service; in 1784 was elected to the Supreme Executive Council of Penn sylvania; in 1787 was appointed a Commissioner of the Connecticut Land Claims; was a member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Congresses, from Pennsylvania; after this removed to Hagerstown, Maryland; was elected from that State a member of the Seventh and Eighth Congresses. Died at Wash ington, March 8, 1804. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Heister, Daniel; son of John Heister; suc ceeded his father in Congress; was a member of the Eleventh Congress. Heister, John; brother of Colonel Daniel Heister; was born April 9, 1746; was a member of the Tenth Congress, from Pennsylvania. Died Oc tober 15, 1821. Heister, Joseph ; was born in Bern Township, Berks County, November 18, 1752; was brought up to conduct a farm and a store; inheriting a good fortune, at the outbreak of the Revolution, equipped a company himself, with which he joined the army; became a Colonel; was a prisoner in the Jersey prison-ship, where he exercised a liberal generosity in alleviating the sufferings of his fellow-prisoners; was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of 1776; served five years in the House and four in the Senate of Pennsylvania, and as a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1790; was a member from Pennsylvania of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Congresses; in 1807 was appointed one of the two Major-Generals to command the Pennsylvania contingent, called for by the President. After this he retired from public life, but in 1814 his old constituency of Berks again elected him to the Fourteenth Congress, and re- elected him to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Con gresses; in 1817 ran for Governor unsuccessfully, but three years afterwards was elected, and served in that office until 1823, with great credit for a wise and honest administration of public affairs. Declining all solicitations to the contrary, he now finally re tired from office, and spent the serene evening of an honorable life in the midst of the people who loved him. Died at Reading, June 10, 1832. Heister, "William ; nephew of John and of Col onel Daniel Heister; was born in Bern Township, Berks County; established himself in Lancaster County, where he cultivated a farm, and by his in dustry, honesty, and good sense, recommended him self to the popular regard; was a member of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses, of the 230 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Convention of 1837* to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and of the State Senate. Died Octo her 15, 1853, aged sixty-two years. Helm, John Larue ; was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, July 4, 1802; when a lad was employed in the office of the Circuit Clerk; studied law; was admitted to the bar; was made County Attorney; in 1826 was elected to the House of Representatives of the State, and was a member of that body eleven years; was elected State Senator from 1844 to 1S4B, and from 1865 to 1869; resigned in 1867 to run for Governor; presided in the Legislature seven yea was elected lieutenant-Governor in 1848; and was Governor from 1850 to 1852; in 1854 was made Pres ident of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad; in 1867 ill-health prevented his being inaugurated at Frankfort, and the ceremony was performed at residence in Elizabethtown, September 3, where died September 8, 1867. Helmick, William; was born in Jefferson County Ohio, September 6, 1817; received a com mon school education, and taught school for seven years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; in 1851 was elected a Prosecuting Attorney; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member ol the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; sub sequently accepted a Chief Clerkship in the Interior Department. Helms, "William ; was an officer in the Revolu tionary Army; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1801 to 1811; removing to Tennessee, died there at an advanced age. Hemphill, John; was a Senator in Congress from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became identified with the great Rebellion; ex pelled from the Senate July 10, 1861. Hemphill, John J.; was born at Chester, South Carolina, August 25, 1849; received his early educa tion at the schools of Chester, and graduated from the South Carolina University in 1869; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1870; commenced practice at Chester in 1871; was an unsuccessful Candidate for the State Assembly in 1874; in 1876 was elected a Representative in the State Legisla ture, and was re-elected in 1878 and 1880; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty -eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Hemphill, Joseph ; was born in Delaware Coun ty, Pennsylvania; was a leading member of the old Federal party; was a Representative iu Congress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1803, again from 1819 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831; distinguished himself particularly by a speech on the Judiciary Bill in 1801; was for some time Judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. Died in Philadelphia, May 29, 1842, aged seventy-two years. Hempstead, Edward ; was born in New Lon don, Connecticut, June 3, 1780; received a classical education from private tutors, and having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1801; after spend ing three years in Rhode Island practicing his pro fession, removed, in 1804, to the Territory of Louis iana, traveling on horseback, and tarrying for a time at Vincennes, Indiana Territory; first settled at St. Charles, on the Missouri River, but in 1805 removed to St. Louis, where he afterwards resided; in 1806 was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for the Dis trict of St. Louis and St. Charles, and in 1809 Attor ney-General for the Territory of Upper Louisiana, which office he held until 1811; was the first Dele gate to Congress from the western side of the Missis sippi River, representing Missouri Territory from! 1811 to 1814; after his service in Congress, went upon, several expeditions against the Indians; was elected! to the Territorial Assembly, and chosen Speaker; died August 10, 1817. He was a man of ability, pure and without reproach, and his loss was deeply lamented by all who knew him. Hempstead, Stephen ; was Governor of lowap from 1850 to 1854. Died February 16, 1883. Hemsley, "William ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Hendee, George Whitman; was born in Stow, Vermont, November 30, 1832 ; received an academic education; studied law and was admitted to the bar; was Prosecuting attorney in 1858; a mem ber of the State House of Representatives in 1861 and 1862; of the State Senate in 186(>, 1807, and 1868, and President pro tern, the last year; was Lieu tenant-Governor of Vermont in 1869; was Governor, in 1870; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving in the former on the Com mittee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Henderson, Archibald ; was born in Granville County, North Caroliua, August 7, 1768; was edu cated in his native county; studied law, and rose to a high position at the bar of his State; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1803; was subsequently elected to the General As sembly for several terms. Died October 21, 1822. Henderson, Bennett H.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817. Henderson, David B.; was born at Old Deer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, March 14, 1840; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States in 1846, lo cating in Illinois; settled permanently in Iowa in 1849; was educated in the common schools and at the Upper Iowa University; entered the Union Army a private iu 1861 and served with distinction, rising to the rank of Colonel; was several times wounded, losing a leg at the battle of Corinth; was, for a time, Commissioner of Enrollment for the Third District of Iowa; was Collector of Internal Revenue from 1865 to 1869, when he resigned to engage in the practice of law, having been admitted to the bar in 1865; in 1869 and 1870 was Assistant United States District Attorney; was Chairman of the Iowa delegation in the Republican National Convention of 1880; was Secretary of the Republican Congressional Commit tee in 1832; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Henderson, John; was a lawyer by profession;, a General of Militia in Mississippi; a Senator in Con gress from Mississippi from 1839 to 1845; during the latter part of his life practiced his profession in. Louisiana; after his service in Congress, was engaged in an unlawful expedition against Cuba, for which he was tried, but acquitted by a New Orleans jury. Died at Pass Christian, in 1857, aged sixty-two years. Henderson, John B.; was born in Virginia, November 16, 1826: in 1836 removed, with his par ents, to Missouri; spent a part of his boyhood on farm; while obtaining an academic ednc ition, taught BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 231 school for his support; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature, re-elected in 1856, and in the same year chosen a Presidential Elector; also in 1860; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860; com manded for a time a Brigade of Militia; on the ex pulsion of Trusten Polk from the United States Senate, was appointed to fill the vacancy, and in 1863 was elected for the full term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads; and those on the District of Columbia, Finance, Expenses of the Senate, Foreign Relations, and Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs; was also a Commissioner to treat with the hostile tribes of Indians in 1867; in 1875 was ap pointed to assist the District Attorney at St. Louis to prosecute certain men who had conspired to defraud the Government, when he reflected on the President in severe language, and was at once removed. Henderson, John H. D.; was born in Salem, Livingston County, Kentucky, July 23, 1810; re ceived a good English education; commenced active life by adopting the trade of a printer; was subse quently a preacher of the Gospel, and for several years was devoted to agricultural pursuits; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, Mines and Mining, Indian Af fairs, and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln. Henderson, John S.; was born in Salisbury, Rowan county, North Carolina, January 6, 1846, and always resided there; was prepared for College at a private institute, and entered the University of North Carolina in January, 1862; pursued his studies there until 1864, when he entered the Confederate Army, and served as a private until the close of the Civil War; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1866; engaged in the practice of law at Salis bury; was Register of Deeds for Rowan County from 1866 to 1868, when he resigned; in 1871 was elected a Delegate-to the State Constitutional Convention, and again in 1875; in 1876 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature; in 1877 was elected, by the General Assembly, a Trustee of the University of North Carolina, and held the office for eight years; was a Director in the Western North Carolina Rail road Company from 1877 to 1880; in 1879 was elected a State Senator; in 1880 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention; in 1883 was appointed a Director of the Western Insane Asylum of the State, and held the position until 1884; in the latter year was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-ninth Congress. Henderson, Joseph ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Henderson, J. Pinckney ; was born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, March 31, 1808; received a liberal education, but did not graduate; adopted the law as a profession, first visiting Cuba for his health, and settling in Mississippi; emigrated to Texas in 1836; his firstcivil oflQcewas that of Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas, having been appointed by Presideut Houston in 1836; in 1837 was appointed Secretary of State of the Republic; soon afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary to England and France, clothed with the additional powers of Commissioner to solicit the recognition of the independence ol Texas; in 1838 made a commercial arrangement with England, and, in 1839, a commercial treaty with France; in 1884 was appointed a Special Minister to ihe United States, which mission resulted in the an nexation of Texas; in 1845 was a member of the Con vention which framed the Constitution of the Slate of Texas; in November of the same year was elected Governor of that State; when the Mexican war broke out in 1846, as Governor of the State, and by per mission of the Legislature, he took command in per son of the volunteer troops called for by General Taylor, served six months as Major-General, and distinguished himself at the battle of Monterey, sub sequently receiving from Congress, for his services, a vote of thanks and a sword valued at fifteen hun dred dollars; in 1857 was elected a Senator in Con gress from Texas, but, owing to ill-health, did not take an active part in its proceedings. Died in Washington City, June 4, 1858, deeply lamented by all who knew him. Henderson, Samuel ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to 1815, for the unexpired term of Jonathan Roberts. Henderson, Thomas ; was a graduate of Prince ton College in 1761 ; was Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1780; was a Representative from New Jersey in Congress, under the Constitution, from 1795 to 1797; was once Lieutenant-Go vernor of that State. Henderson, Thomas J.; was born in Browns ville, Haywood County, Tennessee, November 29, 1824; in 1836 removed, with his father, to Illinois; received an academic education, and spent one year at the University of Iowa; adopted the profession of the law; from 1847 to 1849 was a Clerk for County Commissions; served four years as the Clerk of the County; was a Master in Chancery; in 1854 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1856 was chosen a Senator, serving four years; raised a regiment of volunteers in 1862, of which he became Colonel; served until the close of the war, and for a consider able time had command of a brigade; in 1864 was severely wounded at Resaca; was brevetted a Briga dier-General, in 1865, for services in Georgia and Tennessee; was a Presidential Elector in 18G8; in 1871 was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue, holding the office two years; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Henderson, "William F.; was a lawyer by pro fession; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of New Mexico for the term of four years; resided at Santa Fe. Hendricks, Thomas A.; was born in Muskin- gum County, Ohio, September 7, 1819; was edu^/^d at South Hanover College; studied law, and com pleted his legal studies at Chambersburg, Pennsyl vania, in IS 13; settled in Indiana, and practiced his professioi. with success, in 1848 was chosen to the State Legislature; declined a re-election; was an active member of the Indiana "Constitutional Con vention " of 1850; Avas a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855; was appointed, by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of the Gen eral Land Office, in which lie was continued by President Buchanan until 1859, when he resigned; was subsequently elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1 863 and ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public Build ings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands and 232 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Naval Affairs; in 1872 received a majority of the Democratic votes for the office of President of the United States; in 1876 was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice-President of the United States; in 1884 was elected Vice-President of the United States. Died November 24, 1885. Hendricks, William ; was born in Westmore land County, Pennsylvania, in 1783; was one of the early settlers of Madison, Indiana, having removed there in 1814; during his residence in that State filled many high and important offices; was Secretary of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of the State; was the first and sole Representative of Indiana in Congress from 1816 to 1822; was Governor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when he was elected a member of the United States Senate, and served until 1837; was Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Madison, May 16, 1850. Henkle, Eli Jones; was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, November 24, 1828; received an academic education; taught school three years; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Maryland in 1850; devoted himself to his profession and to agricultural pursuits; was elected a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1853; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1864; was a member of the State Senate in 1867, 1868, and 1870; re-elected to the House of Delegates in 1871 and 1873; in 1872 was Delegate to the National Democratic Convention; was one year Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Natural History in the Maryland Agricultural College, which position he resigned in 1874; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty -sixth Congresses. Henley, Barclay ; was born in Clark County, Indiana, March 17, 1842; at the age of ten years re moved, with his parents, to California; returned to Indiana, and was educated at Hanover College, in that State; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1864; returned to California and settled at Santa Rosa; was District Attorney of Sonoma County for four years ; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1869; was a candidate for Presidential Elector in 1876 and was defeated; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-eighth Congress ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Henley, Thomas J.; was born in Indiana in 1810; was educated at the Indiana State College; pur sued the occupation of a farmer; was a member of the State Legislature from 1832 to 1842; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1849, having been the first native of that State elected to that office; in 1849 emigrated to California; was a member of the first Legislature of that State; Avas for seven years Superintendent of Indian Affairs for California; was subsequently appointed Postmaster of San Francisco. Henn, Bernhart; was born in New York; emi grated to Iowa; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Hennegan, B. K.; was Acting Governor of South Carolina in 1840. Henry, Daniel M. ; was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, February 19, 1823; was educated at Cambridge Academy and at St. John s College, Annapolis; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1844, and commenced practice; was elected a Repre sentative in the Legislature in 1846, and again in 1849; was a State Senator in 1869; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-fifth Con gress; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Congress. Henry, James ; was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781 ; was a lawyer and a Judge. Died in Virginia in January, 1805. Henry, John; was a graduate of Princeton Col lege in 1769; was for several years, from 1778, a Del egate to the Old Congress; was a Senator in Congress, under the Constitution, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797, when he resigned; was elected Governor of Maryland in the latter year; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Po tomac. Died at Easton, December, 1798. Henry, John P. ; was born in Scott County, Ken tucky, January 17, 1793; received a large part of his education at the Georgetown Academy of Kentucky; studied medicine, and in 1813 was appointed Sur geon s Mate in Boswell s Regiment of Kentucky troops, serving at Fort Meigs; graduated from the New York University; settled in Hopkinsville, Ken tucky, in 1822; was the brother of Robert P. Henry; was elected to Congress from Kentucky, for the unex- pired term of the same, from 1826 to 1827; subse quently removed to Burlington, Iowa. Henry, Joseph ; was born at Albany, New York, December 17, 1797; received a common school educa tion in Saratoga County; as an apprentice, pursued, for a short time, the occupation of a watch-maker; was attached to a surveying party, to mark out a. State road from the Hudson River to Lake Erie; in 1826 entered the Albany Academy as Professor of Mathematics, and soon after began a series of experi ments in electricity; made various discoveries in electro-magnetism, which were described in Silliman s Journal as early as 1831 ; in 1832 was called to the chair of Natural Philosophy in Princeton College; in 1835 was oftered a Professorship in the University of Virginia, but declined; in 1837 visited Europe, \vhere he remained one year, and his discoveries connected with the electro-magnet were recognized, and result ed in establishing the wonders of what is now called the telegraph; in 1846 resigned his honorable posi tion at Princeton, and became the Secretary or Direc tor of the Smithsonian Institution ; his scientific writings, including his elaborate Smithsonian con tributions, reports, scientific investigations, and dis coveries, and numbering more than fifty, have given him a world-wide reputation; the great institution under his charge was entirely organized, and has ever been conducted according to his individual opinions, sustained by a Board of Regents; made a second visit to Europe for his health, and received all the atten tion from the scientific world which was so eminently his due; without extra compensation, he served the General Government in manifold departments, but chiefly as the Executive head of the Light House Board, of which he was a member for more than twenty years; as the head of several scientific socie ties, his influence was universally recognized and ap preciated; long before he became identified with the Smithsonian Institution, he publisflbd many valua ble papers on electricity and magnetism in the "American Philosophical Transactions," Silliman s Journal of Science, and the Journal of the American Institute; the two principal learned societies over which he was called to preside as President, were the National Academy of Sciences, and the American- Association for the Advancement of Education. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 233 Henry, Patrick; was born in Studley, Hanover County, Virginia, May 29, 1736; his education was neglected until he had reached the age of manhood, and was a husband and father; then it was that he began to study law, and was soon admitted to prac-v tice; in 1764 made his first striking effort as an ad vocate and an orator, and from that year became famous; was the first man of mark in Virginia to declare against the usurpations of Great Britain; in 1765 was chosen to the Virginia Assembly, and there introduced a set of remarkable resolutions, support ing them with a speech of surpassing ability; from that time he was hailed as the great advocate of human rights and rational liberty; was elected a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776; there distinguished himself as an orator; signed the Declaration of Independence; was a Delegate to the "Richmond Convention" of 1777, and again electrified the people by his eloquence; in 1776 was elected Governor of Virginia, re-elected, and then declined a re-election; from 1780 to 1791 served in the Assembly of the State; in 1788 was a member of the Convention to ratify the Federal Con stitution, to which he was opposed; in 1795 Wash ington tendered to him the office of Secretary of State, but he preferred the retirement of home, and declined it; was again elected Governor in 1796, but declined to serve; in 1799 President Adams tendered him the mission to France, but his declining health compelled him to decline that honor also, and on June 6, of that year, he died; evidence of his splendid intellect are abundant and "familiar as household words," and a tribute that he paid to the Christian religion in his will is, for beauty and force, without a parallel in the English language. Henry, Robert P.; was born in Scott County, Kentucky, November 24, 1788; graduated at the University of Transylvania; studied law with Henry Clay, and was admitted to the bar in 1809; served that year as Prosecuting Attorney for his District; served in the war of 1812, as an Aide-de-camp to his father, Major-General William Henry; subsequently settled in Christian County, and became Prosecuting Attorney for that Circuit; was a Director of the Princeton Branch of the Commonwealth Bank; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1823 to 1827; as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals, he obtained the first appropria tion ever granted for improving the Mississippi River; while in Congress received the appointment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, which he declined. Died of fever, August 25, 1826, before the expiration of his term in Congress. Henry, Thomas; was born in Ireland in 1785; served his adopted State, Pennsylvania, in Congress from 1837 to 1843. Died in Beaver County, Penn sylvania, February 27, 1849. Henry, William; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to to 1786. Henry, William ; was born in New Hampshire; settled in Vermont; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits; was for many years Cashier of the Bank of Bellows Falls, where he resided ; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Vermont, from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing much work as a member of sev eral Committees. Henshaw, David ; was born in Leicester, Mas sachusetts, April 2, 1791; his father was a patriot of the Revolution; received a common school education; while yet a young man engaged in the drug business, but devoted much of his attention to writing on poli tics; was for nine years Collector of Customs for the port of Boston; in 1843 was appointed, by President Tyler, Secretary of the Navy, and after holding the office for nearly a year, was rejected by the Senate; took an important part in the earlier railroad opera tions of his State, and was one of the projectors of the Boston and Worcester and Providence Railroads. Died in Leicester, November 11, 1852. Henson, Abraham; was a citizen of Wisconsin; in 1863 was appointed a Commissioner and Consul- General to Liberia. Died at his post of duty, July 20, 1866. Hepburn, William Peters ; was born in Co- lumbiana County, Ohio, November 4, 1833; removed to Iowa in 1840; received a common school educa tion; adopted the profession of the law; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Marshall County in 1856; Chief Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 1858; District Attorney of the Eleventh Judicial District of the State in the same year; entered the Union Army, in 1861, as Captain, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, serving much of the time on staff duty; commanded a cavalry brigade in 1864; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Herbert, Hilary A.; was born at Lanrensville, South Carolina, March 12, 1834; in 1846 removed to Greenville, Alabama; received a collegiate education; studied law, and entered upon the practice at Green ville; entered the Confederate Army and rose to the rank of Colonel; in 1872 removed to Montgomery, Alabama; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty -seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Herbert, John C.; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1815 to 1819, and a Presi dential Elector in 1824. Herbert, Paul; was born in Louisiana; gradu ated first in his class at West Point in 1840; entered the engineers; was acting Professor of Engineering at West Point in 1841 and 1842; resigned in 1845; was Chief Engineer of the State of Louisiana from 1845 to 1847; re-entered the service as Lieutenant- Colonel of the Fourteenth Infantry; was brevetted Colonel for gallantry at Molino del Rey, and com manded his Regiment after his Colonel was killed at Chapultepec; was Governor of Louisiana from 1853 to 1858; was made Brigadier-General in the Southern Army in 1861 ; commanded the Louisiana forces, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Pea Ridge in 1862. Herbert, Philip T.; was born in Alabama; was a Representative in Congress from California from 1855 to 1857. Hereford, Frank ; was born in Fauquier Coun ty, Virginia, July 4, 1825; was liberally educated; studied law and removed to California; was District Attorney of Sacramento County from 1855 to Octo ber, 1857; settled in West Virginia; was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Forty-sec ond, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv ing on the Committees on Public Lands, Militia, and Territories; in December, 1875, was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Commerce; in 1876 was elected United States Senator, for the term ending in 1881, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Allen T. Caperton. / 234 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Herkimer, John ; was born in Herkimer Coun ty, New York, in 1773; was, for many years, a Judg of the Circuit Court; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Danube, New York, Jun 8, 1845. Hermann, Binger; was born at Lonaconing Allegheny County, Maryland, in February, 1843; re ceived his early education in the common schools while a youth, removed, with his parents, to Balti more, Maryland; completed his studies at Manches ter Academy (afterward Irving College) near Balti more; in 1859 accompanied his parents to Oregon, where they settled; taught school until 1864; in thai 3 r ear was made a Lieutenant in a Volunteer Regimenl then recruiting, but the war ended without the regi ment being called into service; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1866; in the same year was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; went to San Francisco and continued his legal studio: until the spring of 1867; then returned to Oregon and entered upon the practice of law; in the fall of 1867 was appointed a Deputy Collector of Internal Rev enue, in which office he continued until 1871; in 1868 was elected a State Senator; in 1871 was ap pointed United States Receiver of Public Moneys at Roseburg, Oregon; in 1873 resumed his law practice, and, later, also engaged in mercantile pursuits and banking; in 1882 was appointed, by the Governor of Oregon, Judge Advocate of the State Militia with the rank of Colonel; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from Oregon to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hernandez, Joseph M.; was one of the promi nent Spanish citizens who remained in the Territory of Florida at the time of its transfer to the United States; was the first Delegate to Congress from Florida, and subsequently a leading member and pre siding officer of the Territorial Legislature; at the breaking out of the Indian hostilities, was made a Brigadier-General in the United States service. He w , a man of refined and elegant manners; resided at St. Augustine. Died near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, at an advanced age. Herndon, Thomas H.; was born in Greene (now Hale) County, Alabama, July 1, 1828; graduated at the University of Alabama; attended the Law School of Cambridge University, Massachusetts; was ad mitted to the bar in his native State and commenced practice; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857 and 1858; was a Trustee of the University of Alabama in 1858 and 1850; was a mem ber of the State Secession Convention of 1861 ; entered the Confederate Army and r,ose to the rank of Colonel; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1875; was again in the Legislature in 1876 and 1877; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-sixth Congress; re-elected to the Forty- seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Died at Mo bile, March 28, 1883. Herndon, William S.; was born at Rome, Georgia, November 27, 1837; removed with his father to Texas, in 1852; was educated at McKenzie College, Texas; studied law, and began to practice in I860 ; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, and re mained until the close of the war; resumed the practice of the law in Smith County; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses. scTvin"- on the Committees of Agriculture and Public Lands. Herod, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839. Herrick, Anson ; was born in Lewiston, Maine, January 21, 1812; received a common school educa tion; at the age of fifteen years was apprenticed to the business of a printer; settled in New York City in 1836, and continued in the same employment un til 1838, when he commenced the publication of a weekly journal now called the New York Attas; in 1853 was chosen one of the Aldermen of the City, and served three years; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Naval Storekeeper for New York, which office he held until 1861 ; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Pensions, and Expenditures in the Navy Depart ment; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Died in New York, February 6, 1868. Ebenezer Herrick, who served in Congress from 1821 to 1827, was his father. Herrick, Ebenezer; was born in Lincoln Coun ty, Maine; in 1820 held the office of Secretary of the State Senate; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1821 to 1827; was a State Senator in 1828 and 1829. Died at Lewiston, Maine, May 7, 1839. Herrick, Joshua ; was born in Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1794; received a common school education; removed to Maine, and became a Sheriff in that State; was Deputy Collector of the port of Kennebunk from 1829 to 1841; was Chairman of a Board of County Commissioners from 1842 to 1843; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1843 to 1845, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Accounts; was again Deputy Col lector of Kennebunk from 1847 to 1849, and from 1850 to 1854; in 1856 was Register of Probate for York County, State of Maine. Herrick, Richard P.; was born in Rensselaer County, New York, in 1791; was a man of remarkable business enterprise; was a member of Congress from New York from 1845 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, June 22, 1846. Herrick, Samuel ; was born in Dutchess Coun ty, New York, April 14, 1779; read law at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar in 1805; in 1810 settled at Za^nesville, Ohio, and was appoint- d Collector of Taxes for that County; soon after wards Prosecuting Attorney for the same county, and soon alter that, by President Madison; was appointed United States District Attorney for Ohio ; in 1812 was appointed one of a Board of Commissioners for set- ling the North-western boundary line: in the au- umu of that year succeeded Lewis Cass as Prose- :uting Attorney for Muskingum County; in 1814 was appointed to the same office in Licking County; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 821; alter his first election his seat was contested by Charles Hammond, but the House sustained his lairn; was a Presidential Elector in 1828; in 1829 vas appointed, by President Jackson, United States District Attorney for Ohio; the remainder of his life vas spent in retirement, and he died in December 851. Hersey, Samuel F.; was born at Snmncr, laine, April 12, 1812; received an academic edu- ation; was ? merchant, and engaged in banking, nd was largely interested in the lumber business in laine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin; was u member of he Legislature of Maine in 1842, 1857, 1865, 1867, nd 1869, and of the Executive Council in 1851 and 852; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860; also at Baltimore in 864; was a member of the National Republican BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 235 Committee from 1864 to 1868; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on important Committees. Died at Bangor, February 3, 1875. Hewes, Joseph ; was born near Kingston, New Jersey, in 1730; was educated at the Princeton School; settled in Philadelphia as a merchant; when thirty years of age located at Edenton, North Caro lina; served in the Assembly of the Province; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and again in 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence; was de facto the first Secretary of the Navy. Died in Philadel phia, November 10, 1779. Hewitt, Abram Stevens ; was born in Rock- land County, New York, July 30, 1822; attended the common schools; on competition gained a scholarship in Columbia College, whence he graduated in 1842; was, for a time, tutor of mathematics; studied law and came to the bar in 1845; on account of impaired vision gave up the profession; in connection with Peter Cooper engaged in the manufacture of iron ; in con nection with Edward Cooper, his brother-in-law, established extensive steel and iron works in New Jersey and Pennsylvania; was a Scientific Commis sioner to the Paris Exposition in 1867; during the Rebellion, in 1862, was sent to England on a con fidential mission to learn the process of making gun- barrel iron; at a heavy loss to his firm furnished the Government with much war material; in 185!) organized the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, which has been eminently successful: was somewhat active in politics, and Chairman of the Democratic General Committee of the City of New York; in 1874 was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress; was again a Representative in the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress; in 1886 was elected Mayor of New York City and resigned his seat in Congress to accept that position. Hewitt, C. O.; was born in New York; having emigrated to Washington Territory, was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that dis trict, residing at Vancouver. Hewitt, Goldsmith W.; was born in Jeiferson County, Alabama, February 14, 1834; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856; entered the Confederate Army in 1861; Avas wounded in the battle of Chickamauga in 1863; in 1870 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1872 was made State Senator, and served two ses sions; resigned in 1874, to accept the nomination as Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress, and was elected to that position ; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was also elected to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Heyward, Thomas ; was born in the Parish of St. Luke, South Carolina, in 1746; received a classical education, and studied law, finishing his legal studies at the Temple, in London; on his return from a tour in Europe was elected to the Assembly in North Caro lina; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1798, and signed the Declaration of Inde pendence and the Articles of Confederation; was sub sequently a Judge of the Civil and Criminal Courts of the State; commanded a company of artillery at the battle of Beaufort, and was wounded ; served also at Savannah and Charleston; at the. latter place was taken prisoner, and while confined at St. Augustine his property was pillaged and his wife died ; was sub sequently a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of South Carolina in 1790. Died in March, 1809. Heyward, William, Jr. ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1808; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825. Hibbard, Ellery A.; was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, July 31, 1826; received an academic edu cation; studied and practiced law; was Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 1852, 1853, and 1854; was a member of the State Legislature in 1865 and 1866; was elected to the Forty -second Congress; at the close of his term in Congress, was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and served as such until 1874; declined a new appoint ment under the revised judiciary system, preferring to follow his profession. Hibbard, Harry ; was born in Vermont; gradu ated at Dartmouth College in 1835; was Assistant Clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representa tives in 1839; Clerk of the same from 1840 to 1843; Speaker of the House in 1844 and 1845; in the State Senate from 1846 to 1849, officiating two years as President; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1849 to 1855. Died at Som- ersville, July 27, 1872. Hibshman, Jacob ; was born in Lancaster, Pennsvlvania; Avas a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Hickman, John ; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, near the Brandywine battle ground, September 11, 1810; received a thorough mathematical and classical education ; commenced the study of medi cine, but finding his heal th too feeble for the dissecting- room, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was a Delegate to the Democratic Baltimore Convention of 1844; in 1845 was appointed District Attorney for Chester County, holding the office fif teen months; in 1854 Avas elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; declined a re-election to the Thirty- eighth Congress, but was subsequently, in 1867, a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Died at Westchester, March 23, 1875. Hicks, Thomas Holly day ; was born in Dor chester County, Maryland, September 2, 1798; re ceived a plain English education; worked on his father s farm when a boy; served for a time as Con stable and Sheriff of his county; subsequently de voted himself to mercantile pursuits; in 1836 was a Presidential Elector; Avas also a member of the Gov ernor s Council; in 1838 was appointed Register of Wills; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention " of 1849; frequently served in the Leg islature of the State; was Governor from 1858 to 1862; Avas appointed a Senator in Congress in the place of James A. Pearce, deceased, taking his seat during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and was elected for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and that, on Claims. Died in Washington City, February 13, 1865. He will ever be remembered as a true patriot for his firmness during the earlier troubles of tfie Rebellion. 236 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hiestand, John A.; was born in East Donegal Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Octobei 2, 1824; was reared on a farm; attended the common schools and academies of the neighborhood and Penn sylvania College at Gettysburg; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849, and entered upon the practice of law at Lancaster, Pennsylvania; was elected to the State House of Representatives of Pennsylvania as a Whig in 1852, 1853, and 185G; in October, 1858, purchased an interest in the Lancaster Examiner newspaper and printing establishment, with which he became editorially connected; was elected a State Senator in 1860, for a term of three years; was a Presidential Elector in 1864, and was appointed by the Electoral College the messenger to carry the vote to Washington; was appointed, by President Grant, in 1871, Naval Officer at the Port of Philadelphia, and was re-appointed in 1875, serv ing eight years; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hiester, Isaac Ellmake.r; was born in Lan caster County, Pennsylvania; received a classical education; graduated with honors at Yale College; studied law; was a member of the Thirty -third Con gress, in which he expressed opinions upon the slav ery question not in harmony with those of his con stituency; at the next election was defeated, and resumed the practice of law with distinguished suc cess; was the son of William Heister, M. C., but changed the orthography of his surname. Died at Lancaster, February 6, 1871. Higby, William; was born in Essex County, New York, August 18, 1813; passed his boyhood on a farm; engaged in the lumber and iron business; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840: adopted the profession of the law, which he practiced in his native county until 1850; during that year emigrated to California; was District Attorney of Calaveras County from 1853 to 1859; in 1862 was a member of the State Senate; in 1863 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Expenditures in the Navy Department; re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; was also a mem ber of the Special Committee to visit the Indian tribes of the West in 1865, and of the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Appropriations; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad , and as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining. Higginson, Stephen; was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress in 178 and 1783. Hill, Benjamin H.; was born in Jasper County, Georgia, September 14, 1823; received a classical education; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1844; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845; in 1851 was elected to the State Legislature; was an unsuc cessful candidate for Congress in 1855, and for Gov ernor in 1857; was again a Representative in the State Legislature in 1859 and 1860; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1861; was a Delegate to the State Convention of 1861, and opposed secession; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, and afterwards a Senator from that State in the Confederate Congress; in 1875 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Garrett McMillan: was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was elected a Senator of the United States from Georgia for the term of six years from March 4, 1877, and resigned his seat in the Lower House. Died, at his home, August 16, 1882L Hill, Clement S. ; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in. Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Hill, David Bennett; was born at Havana, Schuyler (then Chemung) County, New York, August 29, 1845; was educated in the common schools and at the Havana Academy; became a clerk in a lawyer s office in Havana; in 1863 went to Elmira, New York, and began the study of law; in November, 1864, was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law at Elmira; a month later was appointed City Attorney; entered the field of politics, in which he took great interest; in 1868 was a Delegate to the Democratic State Convention; in 1870 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, serving on important Committees; was re-elected in 1871; from 1868 he was annually chosen a Delegate to the Dem ocratic State Conventions of succeeding years, and in 1877 and 1881 was elected President of the respective conventions; in 1876 and 1884 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of those years; in 1881 was elected a member of the Common Council of Elmira; in 1882 was elected Mayor of Elmira; in the fall of the same year was elected Lieutenant- Governor of New York; in 1884, upon the resignation of Governor Cleveland, Mr. Hill became Governor of the State of New York; in 1885 was elected Presi dent of the State Bar Association of New York; in 1886 was elected Governor for a full term, of four years. Hill, Hugh Clement ; was born in Massachu- letts; in 1870 was appointed" an Assistant Attorney- General of the United States. Hill, Hugh L. W.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Hill, Isaac ; was born at Somerville, Massachu setts, April 7, 1788; in 1798 his parents removed to a farm in Ashburnham, Massachusetts; his educa tion was exceedingly limited, and at the early age of fourteen he was apprenticed in a printing-office ; in 1809, at the expiration of his apprenticeship, went to Concord, New Hampshire, and purchased the Ameri can Patriot, which was afterwards issued as the New Hampshire Patriot, and became a paper of immense circulation and influence during the twenty years of his editorship; during that time was twice chosen Clerk of the State Senate; was once a Representative in the Legislature; was elected a member of the State Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 1827; in 1828 was a candidate for the United States Senate, but not elected; in 1829 was appointed, by President Jack son, Second Comptroller of the Treasury, and held Mie office until April, 1830; returned to New Hamp- hire, and was elected, by the Legislature, United States Senator for six years, from 1831 ; in 1836 re signed his Senatorship, after being elected Governor )f New Hampshire; was re-elected in 1837 and 1838; 11 1840 was appointed, by President Van Bureu, Sub-Treasurer at Boston, and in that year established^ n connection with his two oldest sons, HiWs New Hampshire Patriot, which they published and edited until 1847, when that paper Avas united with the Patriot : also published the Farmer* Monthly Visitor, an agricultural paper, for ten years; during the last fifteen years of his life devoted much attention to igriculture. Died in Washington, District of Colum bia, March 22, 1851. BIOCJRAPHICA L ANNALS. 237 Hill John ; was born in Virginia; was a Repre sentative in. Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Hill, John ; was born in Stokes County, North Carolina; served many years in the Legislature of the State; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841; in 1850 held the position of Reading Clerk in the State Senate. Hill, John ; was born in Catskill, New York, June 10, 1821; received a common school education; was for seven years a clerk and book-keeper in his native place; removed to Boonton, Morris County, New Jer sey, and pursued the same business for three years; subsequently devoted himself to mercantile pursuits; held, for many years, a number of local offices; in 1860 was elected to the State Legislature; was twice re-elected, and was made Speaker of the Assembly; took an active part in raising troops during the Re bellion; was foremost among his neighbors in pro moting the moral and social welfare of his fellow- citizens; in I860 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Offices and Weights and Measures; re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty- second Congresses; was a State Senator from 1875 to 1878; was again a Representative in the Forty-seventh Congress. Died July 25, 1884. Hill, Joshua ; was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina, January 10, 1812; had not a collegi ate education; studied law as a profession; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Georgia, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lauds; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs: withdrew in February, 1861, and returned to Georgia; did not take an active part in the Rebellion; in 1866 was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector for the Port of Savannah; in 1876 was appointed a Visit or to the West Point Academy, as well as a Register in Bankruptcy; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1873. Hill, Mark L.; was born in Biddeford, Maine, June 30, 1772; from the year 1792 to the close of his life, was almost constantly in the exercise of some public employment, either by popular election or executive appointment; though denied the advant ages of a liberal education, he succeeded, by assidu ous self-culture, in making himself useful to his country and gaining honor in the various posts of high responsibility to which he was successively ele vated; was, at various periods, a member of the Sen ate and House of Representatives of Massachusetts, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821, and from Maine from 1821 to 1823; Postmaster at Phipps- burg, Maine, Collector of the port at Bath, and held several town and county offices ; was one of the Over seers of Bowdoin College from its foundation until 1821, when he became a Trustee, in which office he continued until his decease; during the whole period of forty-nine years, he regularly attended every meet ing except one. Died at Phippsburg, Maine, Novem ber 26, 1842, in the seventy-first year of his age. Hill, Nathaniel P.; was born in Orange County, New York, February 18, 1832 ; was educated at Brown University, Rhode Island; was Professor of Chemistry in that institution from 1860 to 1864; studied metallurgy in the universities of Europe for two years; settled in Colorado as manager of a smelt ing company in 1867; was a member of the Council of Colorado Territory in 1872 and 1873; was elechd a Senator of the United States from Colorado for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Hill, Ralph ; was born in Johnson, Trumbull County, Ohio, October 12, 1827; after receiving an academic education, studied law at the New York State and National Law School, and received the de gree of LL.D. in 1851; on removing to Indiana, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ter ritories and on Expenditures in the Treasury De partment. Hill, Robert Andrews ; was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, March 25, 1811; removed, with his parents, to Tennessee; received a limited education; in 1833 was elected a Constable, and in 1836 a Justice of the Peace; having adopted the pro fession -of the law, in 1847 was elected a Circuit At torney-General, and held the office until 1854; soon afterwards removed to Mississippi, and was made a Judge of Probate; during the war he did what he could to help both sides in the way of kindness and charity; was a Delegate to the State Convention of 1865. and in 1866 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Mississippi. Hill, Thomas ; was born in Penn .... .vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1824 to 1826. Hill, Whitmell; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, February 12, 1743; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; was a Delegate to the Congresses at Hillsborough and Halifax in 1775 and 1776; was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Coventry Mili tia, and Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1781 ; was frequently a member of the House and Senate of North Carolina previous to 1785. Died at Hill s Ferry, Martin County, North Carolina, Sep tember 26, 1797. Hill, William D.; was born in Nelson County, Virginia, October 1, 1833; was educated in country schools, and attended Antioch College, Ohio, two years; studied law and was admitted to practice at Springfield, Ohio, in 1860; was Mayor of Springfield; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1866, 1867, 1868, and 1869; was an unsuccessful can didate for Congress in 1870; in 1875 was appointed Superintendent of Insurance for the State, and served three years; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty -sixth Congress; was also elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Hill, William H.; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1803; was- also appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. Died in 1809. Hillegas, Michael ; was the first United States Treasurer. Died in Philadelphia, September, 1804, aged seventy-six years. Hillen, Solomon, Jr.; was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, in 1813; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1S41; was edu cated at the Georgetown College; studied law; served in the Maryland Legislature in 1834 and 1838; was elected Mayor of Baltimore in 3842, for an ur.expired term; was re-elected for two years, but resigned on account of his health, and devoted himself to agri- cultural pursuits. 2;)8 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hillhouse, James ; was born at Montville, Con necticut, October 21, 1754; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1774; after due preparation, entered upon tlie practice of law; took an active part in the Revo lutionary struggle, and when New Haven was in vaded by the British, was Commander of the Gover nor s Guards; became a Representative in Congress in 1791, and three years afterwards was chosen a Senator of the UnLed States from Connecticut, where He continued a distinguished member for sixteen years, and in the Sixth Congress was President pro tern, of the Senate; in 1810 resigned his seat m the Senate, and accepted the office of Commissioner of the School Fund of Connecticut, which he managed with great ability and fidelity for fifteen years; was a Delegate to the Hartford Convention of 1814; in 1825 undertook to conduct the construction of the Farmington and Hampshire Canal; was chosen Treasurer of Yale College in 1782, and continued to hold the office until his death, doing much to pro mote the interests of that institution. Died at New Haven, December 29, 1832. Hillhouse, "William; was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1786. Hilliard, Henry W.; was born in North Caro lina; passed his boyhood in South Carolina, at the Col lege of which State he graduated ; studied law, and re moved to Georgia; in 1836 became a citizen of Ala bama, occupying for several years a Professorship in the University of that State; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 a Presidential Elector; in 1842 was appointed, by President Tyler, Minister to Belgium; was a Representative in Con gress from Alabama from 1843 to 1851; was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and devoted some attention to the pursuits of literature; a vol ume of his speeches was published in 1855; in 1877 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil. Hillyer, Edgar "Winters; was born in Gran- ville, Licking County, Ohio, December 3, 1830; graduated at what is now called Dennison University; went to California in 1851; studied law, and came to the bar in 1856; practiced in Placer County until 1861; served in the war for the Union, and rose to the rank of Colonel; in 1865 became Acting Judge- Advocate for the Department of the Pacific; in 1863 had command of the Carnp at Los Angeles, during the troubles there; from 1864 to 1865 was stationed at Fort Yuma; underorders from General McDowell, investigated the conduct of certain persons who had exulted over the death of President Lincoln; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862; in 1866 was elected Attorney for Storey County, holding the office until 1869, when he was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the District of Nevada. Hillyer, Junius ; was born in "Wilkes County, Georgia, April 23, 1807; graduated at the State Uni versity at Athens, in 1828; having studied law while in college, was admitted to the bar within one week after graduating; in 1834 was elected, by the Legis lature, Solicitor-General for the Western District of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Geor gia from 1851 to 1855, during his second term serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims ; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, So licitor of the United States Treasury, remaining in office until 1861. Hindman, Thomas C.; was born in Tennessee in 1818; served in the Mexican War as a Second Lieutenant of Mississippi Volunteers; was a Repre sentative from Arkansas to the Thirty-sixth Con gress; was re-elected to the Thirl \ ,v onth Congress, but when the Rebellion broke out he entered the Confederate service; was at once made a Brigadier- General, and subsequently a Major-General. Died at Helena, Arkansas, October 22, 1868. Hindman, "William ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1792 to 1799; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1800 and 1801. Died January 26, 1822. Hinds, James ; was born in TTebron, "Washing ton County, New York, December 5, 1833; graduated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1856; removed to Minnesota, and practiced his profession there; was District Attorney for the State until 1860; served in the war for the Union as a private, after which he settled at Little Rock, Arkansas; was a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitu tion of the State; was appointed a Commissioner to codify the laws of the State; was elected a Repre sentative from Arkansas to the Fortieth Congress; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; in October of the same year was assassinated at Mon roe, Arkansas, by a political opponent. Hinds, Thomas ; was born about the ye ir 1775; was a distinguished officer in the battle of New Or leans; was a Representative in Congress fnrn Missis sippi from 1823 to 1831. Died in Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 23, 1840. Hines, Richard ; was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827. Hires, G-aorge; was born in Salem County, New Jersey, January 26, 1835; received a common school and commercial education; engaged in the mercan tile business and manufacturing; was elected Sheriff of Salem County in 1867, 1868, and 1859; in 1831 was elected a State Senator for a term of three years; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-ninth Congress. Hiscock, Frank ; was born at Pompey, New York, September 6, 1834; received an academic edu cation; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855, and commenced practice at Tully, New York; was District Attorney of Onondaga County from 1860 to 1863; was a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Hise, Elijah; was born in Kentucky, July 4, 1802; in 1848 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Guatemala; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of H. Grider, deceased, serving on the Committee oa Reconstruction; was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, but died, by suicide, at Russellville, Kentucky, May 8, 1867. In personal appearance he bore a re markable resemblance to John C. Calhoun, of whom he was a warm admirer. Hitchcock, Peter; was born in Cheshire, Con necticut, October 19, 1780; graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; was admitted to the bar in 1804, and com menced the practice of law in his native town ; in 1806 removed to Geauga County, Ohio; in 1810 was elected to the General Assembly of that State; from 1812 to 1816 was a member of the State Senate, and BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 239 President of that body one session ; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1817 to 1819; was then chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio for seven years; was re-elected to the same office in 1826; retired from the Bench in 1852, after a judicial service of twenty- eight years, having been for a portion of that time Chief Justice; from 1833 to 1835 was again a mem ber of the State Senate, and once again President; in 1850 was a Delegate to the "Constitutional Conven tion " of the State. Died in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853. Hitchcock, Phineas"W.; was born in New Leb anon, New York, November 30, 1831; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1855; studied law; after being admitted to the bar emigrated to Nebraska Territory, and settled in the practice of his profession at Omaha in 1857; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Marshal of the Territory, which office he held until his election from Nebraska, as Delegate to the Thirty-ninth Congress; was a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illi nois; in March, 1867, was appointed Surveyor-Gen eral of Nebraska; was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Territories, District of Columbia, and Pacific Railroad. Hitchcock, Samuel ; was a lawyer of high character and a citizen of Vermont; in 1793 was ap pointed, by President Washington, United States Judge for the District of Vermont; in 1801 was pro moted, by President Adams, to the Bench of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Second Circuit. Hitt, Robert Roberts; was born at Urbana, Ohio, January 16, 1834; removed to Illinois in 1837; received a collegiate education; engaged in various pursuits; was First Secretary of the American Lega tion at Paris, France, from 1874 to 1881, serving as Charged Affaires ad interim for a portion of the time; was Assistant Secretary of State in 1881 ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of R. M. A. Hawk; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Hoag, Truman H.; was born in Manlius, Onon- daga County, New York, April 9, 1816; received a public school education; from 1832 to 1839 was clerk in a store and in a canal office at Syracuse; in 1842 engaged in the steamboat business on Lake Ontario; removed to Toledo in 1848, and established himself there in the transportation and produce business; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings. Died in Washington, February 5, 1870. Hoagland, Moses; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851; was subsequently appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Washington. Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood; was born in Con cord, Massachusetts, in 1816; the son of the late Samuel Hoar, and brother of George F. Hoar; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1835, and spent two years at the Cambridge Law School ; soon afterwards engaged in teaching school at Pittsburgh and other western cities; came to the bar in 1840, and com menced the practice of law in his native State; was appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but after serving several years, resigned to resume the practice of his profession; was for ten years a member of the Corporation of Harvard College, and, in 1868, was appointed an overseer of that institution; in 1859 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court; on the 5th of March, 1869, entered the Cabinet of President Grant, as Attorney-General; in 1871 be came a member of the Joint High Commission for making a Treaty between England and the United States; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, declining a re election ; served on the Committees on Foreign Af fairs and Revision of Laws; on the maternal side was a grandson of Roger Sherinan. Hoar, George Frisbie ; was born in Concord, Massachusetts, August 29, 1826; graduated at Har vard College in 1846; after going through a course of legal studies at the Harvard Law School, was admit ted to the bar in 1849, and settled at Worcester, in the practice of his profession; in 1852 was elected a Representative in the General Court; in 1857, to the State Senate; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-first Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Education and Labor, and Revision of Laws; was re-elected to the three suc ceeding Congresses, serving on various important Com mittees; declined a re-nomination; was President of the Republican State Conventions of 1871 and 1877; was Overseer of Harvard College from 1874 to 1880; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 1880; President of the Convention in 1880; was a member of the Electoral Commission in 1876; was elected a United States Senator from Mas sachusetts for the term of six years from March 4, 1877; was re-elected for a second term of six years. Hoar, Samuel ; was born in Lincoln, Massachu setts, May 18, 1788; graduated at Cambridge in 1802; was, for two years thereafter, a private tutor in Virginia; studied law with Artemas Ward; was admitted to the bar in 1805, and opened an office in Concord; soon attained high rank, and was for forty years one of the most eminent and successful prac titioners in the State; was a member of the Conven tion for revising the State Constitution in 1820; State Senator in 1825 and 1833; a Representative in Con gress from 1835 to 1837; in 1844 was appointed by the Legislature of Massachusetts to proceed to South Carolina and aid the colored citizens of Massachu setts, imprisoned by the authorities of South Caro lina, by testing, in the Courts of the United States, the Constitutionality of the acts of South Carolina authorizing the imprisonment of colored persons who should enter that State; his appearance in Charles ton caused great excitement, and he was expelled from that city by its citizens, December 5, 1844, the Legislature having passed resolutions on that day authorizing the Governor to expel him; member of the Executive Council in 1845 and 1846; State Representative in 1850 ; was a member of various re ligious and charitable societies, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and, at the time of his death, one of the Overseers of Harvard College, the degree of Doctor of Laws having, in 1838, been conferred upon him by that institution. Died in Concord, Massa chusetts, November 2, 1856. Hoard, Charles B.; was born in Springfield, Ver mont, June 28, 1805; was a mechanic, and for several years in early life a clerk in a private land office in Antwerp, New York; was Postmaster under Presi dents Jackson and Van Buren ; Justice of the Peace for several years; a member of the New York Legis lature in 1838, and County Clerk of Jefferson County, New York, in 1844, 1845, and 1846; was an active 2-10 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. politician, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the State Pep irtment; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Hobart, Aaron ; was born in Abiugton, Ply mouth County, Massachusetts, June 26, 1787; gradu ated at Brown University in 1805; adopted the pro fession of the law; served in the State Senate; was a State Counselor; was Judge of Probate: was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1821 to 1827. Died at East Bridgewater, September 19, 1858. Hobart, John Sloss ; graduated at Yale College in 1757; was Judge of the District Court of New York, and held several important positions in that State during the Revolutionary war, after which he was appointed one of the three Judges of the Supreme Court; was a member of the United States Senate from February to April, 1798, in the place of P. Schuyler, but resigned, and was then appointed Judge of the United States District Court of New York. Died February 4, 1805, aged sixty-six. Hobble, Selah R.; Avas born at Newbur g, New York, March 10, 1797; at an early day established himself at Delhi, Delaware County, in the practice of law, where he was soon appointed District Attorney and Brigade Major and Inspector; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, when, on the accession of General Jackson to the Presidency, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster- General, which position he held until 1850, when he retired on account of ill-health, but resumed the duties of the office under President Pierce. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, March 23, 1854. He was the son-in-law, and at one time the law partner, of Erastus Root. Hoblitzell, Fetter S.; was born in Cumber land, Maryland, October 7, 1838; received an academic education; studied law; commenced practice at Balti more, Maryland, in 1859; served in the Confederate Army during the war of the Rebellion ; was a mem ber of the Board of School Commissioners; was Trustee of St. Mary s Industrial School; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1870, again in 1876, and was re-elected in 1878, serv ing the last term as Speaker; was elected a Repre sentative from Maryland to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Hodges, Asa; was born January 22, 1823; was admitted to the bar in 1849, and continued to prac tice until 1860; removed to Arkansas in 1859; in 1866 was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention under the reconstruction acts of Congress; in 1868 was elected a Representative in the General Assembly; in 1870 was elected a member of the State Senate ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress from Arkansas. Hodges, Charles D.; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Illinois, and took his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress. Hodges, George T.; was born in Clarendon, Vermont, July 4, 1789; was bred to active business, and was a merchant in Rutland for many years; served frequently in both Houses of the State Legis lature; was a Representative in Congress from Ver mont during the third session of the Thirty-fourth Congress; for more than a quarter of a century was President of the Bank of Rutland; was a large con tributor to the success of the Burlington Railroad, and a warm supporter of the Vermont Agricultural Society. Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860. Hodges, James L.; was a State Senator in 1823 and 18:24; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1827 to 1831. Died March 8 t 1846, aged fifty-six years. Hodges, S. H.; was born in Vermont; removed to Washington; in 1852 was appointed Commissioner of the Patent Office, which office he resigned in 1853; in 1861 was appointed Examiner-in-Chief in the Patent Office, where he remained until his death, which occurred April 20, 1875. Hoffman, Henry W.; Avas born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857; was subsequently elected Sergeant-at- Arms of the House of Representatives; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of the port of Baltimore. Hoffman, John T.; was born at Sing Sing;, New York, January 10, 1828; graduated at Union College in 1846; was admitted to the bar January, 1849; acquired an extensive practice in New York City; connected himself with Tammany Hall in 1854; was elected Recorder of the city in I860 and 1863; ren dered himself conspicuous for his severity to the rioters of July, 1863; was elected Mayor in 1865, and re-elected in 1867; was Democratic candidate for Governor in 1866, but was defeated by Fenton; was chosen Governor in 1869, serving until 1872. Hoffman, Michael ; was born in the town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, New York, in 1788; was educated as a physician; afterwards studied law and settled in Herkimer County, where he occupied a high position ; was elected to Congress in 1824, and continued a member for eight years, serving a por tion of the time as Chairman of the Committea on Naval Affairs; was appointed a Canal Commissioner for the State of New York, wrote several able reports, and resigned the office in 1835; in 1841 went into the House of Assembly from Herkimer County, and ac complished much good for the service and credit of his State; was a Delegate to the "Constitutional Con vention" of 1846, aud was Naval Officer in the City of New York; was a powerful and effective debater, and, as a man, unselfish and of high character. Died at Brooklyn, September 27, 1848. Hoffman, Ogden ; was born in New York City in 1794; graduated at Columbia College in 1812; soon after entered the navy as a midshipman, but in three years resigned, rmd studied law; commenced practice in Orange County, and was appointed District Attor ney; removed to New York City in 1826; was a part ner of Hugh Maxwell, and became eminently success ful in his profession; in 1828 was a Representative in the Legislature; from 1829 to 1835 was District Attor ney; was appointed United States District Attorney, by President Harrison; from 1837 to 1841 was a Rep resentative in Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was again elected to Congress in 1848; in 1854 was appointed Attorney- General of the State; was remarkable for his elo quence and learning, and for more than a quarter oi a century occupied a high position at the bar of New York. Died in that city, May 1, 1856. Hoffman, Ogden; was born at Goshen, Orange County, New Dfork, October 16, 1822; graduated from Columbia College in 1840; studied law at Dane Law School, Harvard University; was admitted to the bar, and then traveled in Europe for fourteen months; in 1850 removed to California, and commenced the practice of law; in 1851 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Cali fornia, and continued in that position. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 241 Hogan, John ; was born in Mallow, County of Cork, Ireland, .January 2, 1805; emigrated to Balti more, Maryland, with his father in 1817; in that city was apprenticed to the trade of a shoemaker; during his term of service did what he could to ob tain an education, and was an attendant of the As- bury Sunday-school; in 1826 emigrated to the West; in 1831 opened a store in Madison County, Illinois; in 1836 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1838 was elected, by the Legislature, Commissioner of the Board of Public Works; re-elected and made Presi dent of the Boaid; in 1841 was appointed, by Presi dent Harrison, Register of the Land Office at Dixon, Illinois, where he remained until 1845; soon after wards settled in St. Louis, Missouri, resuming the mercantile business; became engaged with insurance companies; organized and was President of a savings institution and a bank; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Postmaster of St. Louis; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means and the Special Committee on Civil Service; was the author of two publications, on the "Resources of Missouri" and on the "Commerce aud Manufactures of St. Louis"; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Hogan, William ; was born in 1792; when quite young went, with his father, to the Cape of Good Hope, then a Dutch colony, where he acquired the Dutch language; returned to America and graduated at Columbia College; studied law, but having pur chased land in Black River Country, New York, set tled in that region; as a pioneer, did much to develop the country, and a thriving town on the St. Lawrence received the name of Hogansport; was for many years a County Judge: was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1833; in 1850 became an Examiner of Claims in the Department of State, which position was soon exchanged for that of Translator, his studies, while traveling abroad, having made him a thorough scholar in the languages of Europe, and he remained in that position until 1869. Hoge, John; was born near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1760; received the greater part of his education from a private tutor; entered the army of the Revolution in 1776, and was made Ensign of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment; in 1782 emigrated to the western part of the State, and with his brother William, founded the town of Washington; in 1789 was a Delegate to the Conven tion w r hich formed the State Constitution; from 1790 to 1795 served in the State Senate; in 1799 was chosen a member of the "American Philosophical Society"; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1804 and 1805 for the unexpired term of his brother, William Hoge; was a man of culture and literary tastes. Died near Washington, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1824. Hoge, John Blair ; was born at Richmond, Vir ginia, February 2, 1825; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1845; became President of the Bank of Berkeley, Virginia, in 1853; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1855 to 1859; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860; served in the Confederate Army as a commissioned officer throughout the war of the Rebellion ; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of West Virginia in 1871 ; a member of the Democratic National Committee from 1871 to 1872; Circuit Judg^ from 1872 to 1880, when he resigned to take his seat 16 in the Forty-seventh Congress as a Representative from West Virginia. Hoge, Joseph P.; was born in Ohio; having re moved to Illinois, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Hoge, Solomon L.; was born in Logan County, Ohio; received a liberal education; graduated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1859; practiced at Belle- fontaine until 1861 ; entered the army as First Lieu tenant in the infantry; was promoted to a Captaincy; was severely wounded at the second battle of Bull Run; was twice brevetted for gallant conduct in battle, and at the close of the war received a com mission in the Regular Army; materially aided in the reconstruction of South Carolina, and was elected Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State by the General Assembly; was elected to the Forty- first and Forty-fourth Congresses. Hoge, William ; was born in Cumberland Coun ty, Pennsylvania; in 1782 settled in the western part of the State, and, with his brother John, founded the town of Washington; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1804, when he resigned, and again from 1807 to 1809. Died on his estate in the town of Washington. Hogeboom, James L.; was a member of the New York "Constitutional Convention" of 1821 ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Hogg, Samuel ; was the son of Thomas Hogg, a Major in the army during the Revolutionary War, and was born in Halifax, North Carolina, April 18, 1783; studied medicine, and practiced the profession in Tennessee; served as a Surgeon in the army during the Creek War, and was with General Jackson at New Orleans, where he acquitted himself with great credit in the hospitals; was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819, and declined a re-election; in 1828 set tled in Nashville, where he practiced his profession until his death, excepting two years which he spent in Mississippi for his health; was President of the Medical Society of Tennessee, and received honorary degrees from the Universities of Maryland and Penn sylvania. Died at Nashville, May 28, 1842. It was the mother of Dr. Hogg, who, when Tarlton sneer- ingly said that he would like to see the Colonel Washington of whom he had heard so much, replied: "You would have had that pleasure if yon had only taken the time to look behind you in your flight from the battle of Cowpens." Holbrook, E. D.; was born in Elyria, Lorain County, Ohio, in 1833; received a common school education; studied and adopted the profession of the law; having emigrated to Idaho, was elected a Dele gate from that Territory to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Holbrook, Frederick ; was born in East Wind sor, Connecticut, in 1813; was Governor of Vermont from 1861 to 1863. Holcomb, George ; was born in Lambertsville, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 1786; graduated at Princeton College in 1805; adopted the medical profession, and practiced it with success in Allen- town; was a member of the State Legislature in 1815; received from the University of Maryland the degree of M. D. ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1821 to 1828. Died at Allen- town, January 14, 1828. 242 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Holden. William W.; was for many years con nected with the press of North Carolina, especially tlie Raleigh Register, and noted as a politician; was Provisional Governor of the State in 1865; was elected Governor in 1869, but was impeached for malfeasance in office, and in April, 1872, was removed from the Governorship by a two-thii ds vote of the Senate of North Carolina, sitting as a Court of Im peachment. Holladay, Alexander R.; was bora in Vir ginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and during his first term was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Holland, Cornelius; was born July 9, 1782; established himself as a physician at Canton, Maine; was a member of the Maine Constitutional Conven tion of 1819; a member of the State Legislature in 1820 and 1821; a State Senator in 1822, 1825, and 1826; was a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1830 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Elections, as well as the Committee on Representa tion under the Fifth Census. Holland, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1797; and again from 1801 to 1811. Holleman, Joel ; was bom in the County of Isle of Wight, Virginia, October 1, 1799; was educated at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; taught school for some years, and then studied law, in the practice of which he was successful; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1839 to 1840, when he resigned, " because he could not represent the feel ings and wishes of a majority of his constituents" ; was subsequently in the State Legislature for several years, and was Speaker of the House when he died, August, 1844. Holley, Alexander H.; was a native of Con necticut; received a good education; was Governor of his native State for one year, beginning in 1857. Holley, John M.; was born in Salisbury, Con necticut, in November, 1802; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1822; removed to New York and came to the bar in 1825; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1838 to 1841; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1848. Died at Jacksonville, Florida, March 8, 1848, before the ex piration of his term. Holliday, Frederick "W. M.; was Governor of Virginia from 1878 to 1882. Hollister, Gideon H.; was a citizen of Connec ticut; in 1868 was Consul-Genera] and Minister Resi dent to Hayti, where he remained until 1869, when he returned to the United States. Hollister, Madison E.; was born in Cayuga County, New York, in 1808; received a common school education while working on his father s farm; studied Jaw, and settled in Illinois in 1836; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; in 1855 was elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of the State, continuing in the office until 1866; in that year was appointed Consul to Buenos Ayres, where he re mained until 1869, and then resumed his profession; in 1861 was, without solicitation, appointed Associate Justice of th e United States Territorial Court of Idaho, and was soon afterwards made Chief Justice. Holloway, David P.; was born in Waynesville Warren County, Ohio, December 6, 1809; removed, with his parents, to Cincinnati in 1813; in 1823 went to Richmond, Indiana, and learned the printing busi ness; subsequently served four years in the office of the Cincinnati Gazette; commenced the publication of the Richmond PMK//HI in 1832, editing it for many years; in 1843 was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature of Indiana, and in 1844 to the State Senate, serving nine years; in 1855 was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and was Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, during that term; was eight years President of the Agricultural Society of Wayne County; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Commissioner of Patents. Died September 9, 1883. Holly, Charles F.; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Color ado. Holman, Jesse Li.; was a citizen of Indiana; re sided at Lawrenceburg; about the year 1836 was ap pointed United States Judge for the District of Indi- Holman, "William S.; was born in Verdstown, Indiana, September 6, 1822; received a good English education at common schools; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Convention to re vise the Constitution of Indiana in 1850; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1851; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1852 to 1856; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member on the Commit tee on Revolutionary Claims; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee; elected to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Enrolled Bills and Claims; re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses, making a total service of sixteen years, during which time he served upon nearly all the im portant Committees; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Build ings and Grounds; was elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-eighth and For ty-ninth Congresses. Holmes, A. J.; was born in Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1842; removed, with his parents, to Wisconsin in 1853; received a good academic educa tion, which was interrupted, in 1862, by his enlist ment in the Union Army ; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of First Lieutenant; was taken prisoner in 1864, and was confined in various South ern prisons for several months, being finally ex changed; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Janesville, Wisconsin, in 1866; graduated from the Law Department of the University of Michigan in 1867; removed to Boone, Iowa, and began the prac tice of law in 1869; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1881; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Holmes, David ; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1797 to 1809; in the latter year was appointed Gov ernor of the Territory of Mississippi, which position he held until 1817; was Governor of the State, by election, from 1817 to 1819; was a Senator in Con gress from Mississippi from 1820 to 1825, when he resigned. Died August 20, 1832. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 243 Holmes, Elias B.; was born at Fletcher, Ver mont, May 27, 1807; commenced life as a teacher: at the age of twenty emigrated to Monroe County, New York; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1830; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1849. Holmes, Gabriel ; was born in Sampson County, North Carolina; was educated at Harvard University ; was a lawyer by profession ; was in the State Senate in 1807; governor of the State in 1621; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1825 to 1828. Died September 26, 1829, in Sampson County, North Carolina, aged sixty-five years. Holmes, Isaac E.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, April 5, 1786; was educated at the best schools of his native city, and graduated with honors at Yale College in 1815; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818, in Charleston; was one of the originators of the "South Carolina Association"; was elected to the State Legislature in 1826; for a time devoted himself to planting; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1839 to 1851, during which period he served with ability at the head of the Committees of Commerce and the Navy, and also of that on Foreign Affairs; subsequently took up his residence in California; having returned to his native State, died in Charles ton, February 25, 1867. Holmes, John ; was born on Cape Cod in March, 1773; graduated at Brown University in 1796; studied law, and commenced the practice in Alfred, Maine, in 1799; was a member of the Massachusetts Legis lature in 1802, 1803, and 1812; was a Boundary Commissioner under the Treaty of 1815; a State Senator from 1813 to 1815; a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1820; was a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Maine, and Chairman of the Committee that drafted the document in 1820; was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1820 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1833; during a part of 1829, and from 1835 to 1838, was a member of the Maine Legislature; was United States District Attorney, and District Judge for Maine from 1841 until his death, which occurred at Portland, July 7, 1843. He was a prominent member of the bar for forty years, and distinguished for his eloquence and wit. Holmes, Sidney T.; was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, New York, in August, 1815; set tled with his father in Morrisville, Madison County, in 1819, where he afterwards resided; received an academic education; studied law; came to the bar in 1841, prior to which date he spent five years as a Civil Engineer; was twice appointed Loan Commis sioner for Madison County, in 1848 and 1850; in 1851 was elected Judge and Surrogate for the same county, and re-elected in 1855 and 1859, serving until 1864, altogether a period of twelve years; in 1864 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands and Revolutionary Pensions. Holmes, Uriel ; graduated from Yale College in 1784; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1817 to 1818, when he resigned. Died in 1827. Holsey, Hopkins; was born in Virginia in 1799; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia, from 1837 to 1839 ; subsequently edited the Athens Banner, and filled a large space in. the politics of Georgia. Died in Columbus, Georgia, March 31, 1859. Holt, Joseph ; was born in Breckeuridge County. Kentucky, January 6, 1807; was educated at the St. Joseph and Centre Colleges of that State; studied law; came to the bar in 1828, and settled in Louis ville; for two years was Attorney for the Common wealth; was a visitor to West Point in 1835, ap pointed by President Jackson; a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of that year, in which he vindicated R. M. Johnson from certain political im putations made against him; from 1835 to 1840 resided in Mississippi, practicing his profession; re turned to Louisville; from 1848 to 1851 traveled in Europe and the East, going up the Nile and visiting Jerusalem; in 1857 settled in Washington City, and was soon afterwards appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Patents; in 1859 went into the Cabinet as Postmaster-General; in 1860 was placed ad interim at the head of the War Department, and subsequently continued as Secretary; in 1861 was a Commissioner for adjusting the war claims of Missouri; early in 1862 was a Commissioner on Ord nance; in the latter part of year was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge Advocate General; in 1864 was placed at the head of the Bureau of Military Justice; in November, 1864, President Lincoln in vited him into the Cabinet as Attorney-General, which invitation he declined; on the first of Decem ber, 1875, was retired at his own request, and a suc cessor was appointed. Holt, Orrin ; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from that State in 1836 to fill an unexpired term, and again from 1837 to 1839. Holten, Samuel ; was born in Danvers, Massa chusetts, June 9, 1738; was bred a physician; during the Revolution he zealously espoused the cause of his country, and was a member of the old Congress, from 1778 to 1787, officiating at one time as its President; also signed the Articles of Confederation; was a Rep resentative, under the Constitution, from 1793 to 1795; spent the closing years of his life as Judge of Probate for Essex County. Died January 2, 1816. Holton, Hart B.; was a resident of Maryland; was elected a Representative from that State to ^he Forty-eighth Congress; in 1883 was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Maryland. Hook, Enos ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Hooker, Charles E.; was born in Union Dis trict, South Carolina; graduated at the Cambridge Law School; settled at Jackson, Mississippi, in the practice of law; was elected District Attorney in 1850; in 1859 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; resigned to enter the Confederate Army, in 1861; rose to the rank of Colonel; in 1865 was elected Attorney-General of Mississippi, and was re-elected in 1868 ; was elected a Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Hooks, Charles ; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina; served for many years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817, and from 1819 to 1825; sub sequently removed to Alabama, where he died in 1851. Hooper, Benjamin S.; was born in Bucking ham County, Virginia, March 6, 1835; received a common school education; engaged in mercantile 244 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. pursuits early in life, and continued it in connection with the manufacture of tobacco; was elected a Rep resentative from Virginia to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Hooper, Samuel ; was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, February 3, 1808; received his educa tion in that town; spent four years in a counting- room in Boston; subsequently made repeated visits to Europe and the West Indies, attending to com mercial business; in 1832 settled finally in Boston as a merchant, chiefly engaged in the China trade, the last house of which he formed a part, having been long known as William Applcton & Co. ; in 1851 was elected to the State House of Representatives, served three years, and declined a re-election ; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate, and declined to serve a second term; in 1861 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Appleton, in the Thirty-sev enth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Banking and Currency, and the War Debts of the Loyal States; in July, 1866, received from Howard University the de gree of Master of Arts, as founder of the School of Mines "; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists Convention" of 1866; re-elected to the For tieth, Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty -third Con gresses; declined a re-nomination. Died in Wash- ington, February 15, 1875. Hooper, William ; was born in Boston, June 17, 1742; graduated at Harvard University in 1760; studied law and was admitted to the bar; in 1766 settled at Wilmington, North Carolina; in 1770 had the courage to instigate severe measures against three thousand Regulators in that State, which caused their dispersion; in 1773 was elected to the State Assem bly; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of In dependence; in 1776 was a member of the "Hills- borough and Halifax Convention"; in 1787 retired from public life. Died in October, 1790. Hooper, W. H.; was born in Cambridge, Dor chester County, Maryland, December 25, 1813; re ceived a common school education; was, for several years, a clerk in a store at Baltimore ; when seven teen years of age built a schooner; was, for some years, a merchant on the Eastern Shore of Maryland; emigrated to Illinois in 1835, from which time until 1849 he was engaged in mercantile pursuits and steamboating on the Mississippi; in 1850 removed to Utah; was a member of the Legislature, and Acting Secretary of the Territory; in 1859 entered the Thir ty-sixth Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of Utah; was re-elected a Delegate to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses; was re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses. Hopkins, Albert J.; was born in DeKalb Coun ty, Illinois, August 15, 1846; graduated at Hillsdale College, Michigan, in June, 1870; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Au rora, Illinois; was State s Attorney of Kane Coun ty, Illinois, from 1872 to 1876; was a member of the Republican State Central Committee from 1878 to 1880; was a Presidential Elector in 1884; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Reuben Ellwood. Hopkins, Benjamin F.; was born in Washing ton County, New York, April 22, 1829; received a good English education; removed to Wisconsin and engaged in general business pursuits; was Private Secretary to the Governor of Wisconsin for one term; was a member of both branches of the Legislature; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Enrolled Bills and Public Lands. Died in Madison, January 3, 1870. Hopkins, Q-eorge "W.; was born in Goochland County, Virginia, February 22, 1804; was educated at the "old field schools" of that day, and for some years alternately taught school and studied law; dur ing the years 1833 and 1834 served in the House of Delegates; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1835, and was re-elected until 1847, serving dur ing one session as Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives, after which he was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, Charge d Affaires of the United States to Portugal; on his return from Europe, in 1849, went a second time into the House of Delegates of Virginia, and was elected Speaker of the House: was subse quently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court; in 1857 was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. Died March 2, 1861, at which time he was a member of the Virginia Legislature. Hopkins, James C.; was born in Vermont; settled in Wisconsin ; in 1870 Avas appointed United States Judge for the Western District of Wisconsin, residing at Madison. Hopkins, James Herron ; was born in Wasn- ington County, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1831 ; was educated at Washington College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Pittsburgh before he was of age; continued engaged in his profession so closely as to impair his health and compel him to visit Europe; a year after his return he retired from prac tice; engaged in banking, as President of the Penn sylvania Bank, and Director of other institutions of the kind; in 1872 was candidate for Congress for the State at Large; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress; was also elected Grand Master of Knight Templars in the United States in 1874; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on the Centen nial; was also elected a Representative to the Forty-l eighth Congress. Hopkins, Moses Aaron ; was born, of slaves parents, in Montgomery County, Virginia, December 25, 1846; after the close of the Civil War, in 1865, ; went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and entered s night school; then took an academic course iul Avery College; in 1870 entered Lincoln University ir Chester County, Pennsylvania, graduating, in 1874. as Valedictorian of his class; then entered Auburt Theological Seminary, in Cayuga County, New York from which he graduated with honor in 1877; wa, j the first colored graduate from that institution; th<< same year was ordained a Presbyterian minister, anc entered the missionary field, as teacher and preacher.ji at Franklinton, in Franklin County; in Octoberji 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Min ister Resident and Consul-General of the Unitec States to Liberia. Died at his post, August 1( 1886. Hopkins, Samuel; was bora in Albemarlt County, Virginia; served with distinction in tin Revolutionary War; fought at Princeton, Trenton Monmouth, Braudywine, and Germautown, and als< BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 245 as Lieutenant-Colonel of a Virginia regiment at th siege of Charleston ; removed to Kentucky in 1797 served a number of years in the State Legislature; in 1812 led two thousand troops against the Kickapoo Indians; was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky, from 1813 to 1815. Died, at an advanced age in October, 1819. Hopkins, Samuel M.; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1791 ; was a Representative in Congress from | New York, from 1813 to 1815; was an eminent ! lawyer, and much respected as a philanthropist and | a Christian. Died at Geneva, New York, October 8, | 1837, aged sixty-five years. Hopkins, Stephen ; was born in Scituate, Mas sachusetts, March 7, 1707; was reared a farmer; in 1742 removed to Providence and entered the mercan- i tile business; from 1751 to 1754 was Chief Justice of the Superior Court; in 1755 was elected Governor of the State, and, with the exception of four years, served until 1768; was a Delegate to the Continental I Congress from 1774 to 1777, and also in 1778, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence; in 1765 published, by order of the Assembly, "Rights of the Colonies Examined, and an Account of Providence, " in two volumes. Died July 13, 1785. Hopkinson, Francis; was born in Philadelphia in 1738; his father died when he was fourteen years of age, and after having been taught by his mother, he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated; studied law, but was fond of fine arts, and indulged in humorous satire; in 1765 visited England, and remained there two years; on the breaking out of the Revolution rendered good service to the American cause by the power of his pen; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; a Dele gate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777; was a Judge of the Admiralty Court; subsequently a Judge of the United States District Court. Died of apoplexy, May 9, 1791. Hopkinson, Joseph ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1770; was educated at the University of his native State, from which Insti tution. as well as from Nassau Hall and Harvard University, he subsequently received the degree of LL.D. ; studied law, and commenced to practice at the age of twenty at Easton; afterwards practiced at Philadelphia, and became eminent in his profession; was the leading counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous suit against William Cobbett in 1799, and was also engaged by Judge Chase in his impeachment case before the United States Senate; in 1815 was a Rep resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and served until 1819, after which he resided in Bordentown, New Jersey, until appointed, by President John Quincy Adams, Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsyl vania, when he returned to Philadelphia, and held this office until his death; in 1837 was a member of Ihe Constitutional Convention of the State; was one of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania; was President of the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, : n 1 Vice-President of the American Philosophi cal So ie y; published many interesting addresses, and wroie the song " Hail Columbia." Died at Phil adelphia, January 15, 1842. Hopp n, "William W. ; was Governor of Rhode Island ibr three years, beginning with 1854, and was otherwise honorably identiiied with the State. ., Henry ; was a Representative in Congress Irom Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833. Hornbeck, John W.; was a native of New Jersey, and a graduate of Union College, New York; removed to Pennsylvania, and turned his attention to the profession of law; was a member of the House of Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to 1848. Died at Allentown, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848. Hornblower, Josiah; was born in Stafford shire, England, in 1729; did not receive a University education, but was a great student and made himself acquainted with many important branches of science- adopted the profession of civil engineer; in 1751 came to America to build a steam engine at the copper mines near Belleville, New Jersey; this is said to have been the first engine built in North America- became interested in mineralogy and mining; es poused the cause of American Independence; was several years in the State Legislature, serving as Speaker; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786; was Justice of the Peace for a long period; in 1798 was appointed Judge of Essex County- Court, which position he held until his death, which occurred January ."A, 1809. Horr, Roswell GK; was born at Waitsfield, Ver mont, November 26, 1830; removed, with his parents, to Ohio in 1834; graduated at Antioch College in 1857; in the same year was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Lorain County, and served six years; was admitted to the bar in 1864 and com menced practice at Elyria, Ohio; in 1866 removed to Missouri and engaged in mining; in 1872 removed to East Saginaw, Michigan; was elected a Representa tive from Michigan to the Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Horsey, Outerbridge ; was a native of Dela ware; born in 1777; after completing a classical edu cation, studied law under James A. Bayard, and rose to eminence in his profession; was for many years Attorney-General of the State; was a Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1810 to 1821. Died at Needwood, Maryland, June 9, 1842. Horton, Thomas R.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Horton, Valentine B.; was born at Windsor, Vermont, January 29, 1802; was educated at Part ridge s Military Academy, in that State, and, after that institution was removed to Middletown, Con necticut, became a teacher therein; studied law at Middletown, and was admitted to the bar in 1830, ifter which he removed to, and practiced his profes sion in, Pittsburg; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, where he followed his profession for two years, and in 1835 removed to Pomeroy, Ohio, where ic engaged in mining and manufacturing; was a member of the Ohio " Constitutional Convention " of 1850; in 1854 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty- ifth Congress, but declined a nomination for the next Congress; was, however, elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; in 1861 was a member of the "Peace Congress," held in Washington; was also a Delegate o the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Hosford, Jedediah; was born in Vermont; laving removed to New York, was elected a Repre- entative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 853. 246 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hoskins, George G.; was born in Bennington, New York, December 24, 1824; received an academic education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; wa^, elected Clerk of his native town in 1849, and held the office three years; was Justice of the Peace for twelve successive years; in 1862 was Supervisor; was appointed Postmaster at Bennington, and re tained the office under three Presidents; was a mem ber of the Assembly of tha State in 1860, 1865, and 1866, and in 1865 was chosen Speaker; in 1868 was appointed State Commissioner of Public Accounts, and held the office three years; in 1871 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue; resigned in 1873, having been elected to the Forty-third Congress; served on the Committee on Accounts; was re- elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Hosmer, Hezekiah L.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1797 to 1799. Hosmer, H. L.; was Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Idaho. Hosmer, Titus ; was born at Middletown, Con necticut, in 1736; was a member of the Council; of the Assembly from 1773 to 1778; Speaker in 1777; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779; in January, 1780, was appointed Judge of the Maritime Court of Appeals for the United States; was a signer of the Articles of Confederation ; was a patron of Joel Barlow, who wrote a poem, on his death, inscribed to his widow. Died at Middletown, August 4, 1780. Hostetler, Abraham J.; was born in Washing ton County, Indiana, November 22, 1818; received a common school education; was raised on a farm; learned the trade of a blacksmith; engaged in mer cantile pursuits; was elected a State Senator from 1854 to 1858; was elected a Representative from In diana to the Forty-sixth Congress. Hostetter, Jacob ; was born in York, Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State in 1814, in the place of J. Spaugler, resigned, and again from 1819 to 1821. Hotchkiss, Giles W.; was born in Windsor, Broome County, New York, October 25, 1815; was a lawyer by profession; in 1862 was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committees on Claims, and on Private Land Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Claims, and Private Land Claims; was re- elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chairman of Civil Service, and on the Committee on Claims. Died July 5, 1878. Hotchkiss, Julius ; was born in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1810; received a common school edu cation; turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, which he subsequently merged into the manufactur ing business; when his native place was organized into a city, was elected its lirst Mayor; was twice elected to the State Legislature; in 1854 was a can didate for the office of Comptroller of the State; in 1867 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories and Freedmen s Affairs; re-elected to the Forty-iirst Congress. Houck, Jacob, Jr.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. Houck, Leonidas C.; was born in Sevier Coun ty, Tennessee, June 8, 1836 ; was self-educated; studied law while working at the trade of a cabinet maker; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and com menced practice; served in the Union army from 1861 to 1863, rising to the rank of Colonel; resigned be cause of ill health; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention of 1865; was Judge of the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit from 1866 to 1870: then removed to Knoxville, Tennessee; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1868; was a Presidential Elector in 1872 and 1876; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1872; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re- elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Hough, David ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807. Hough, William J.; was born in New York; served in the Assembly of that State in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847. Houghton, Sherman O.; was born in New York, April 10, 1828; was educated at a commercial institute; entered the army as a private in 184(>, and was sent to California and afterwards to Mexico, where he served until the close of the war with that country, having been promoted to the rank of Lieu tenant; adopted the profession of the law; was Mayor of San Francisco in 1855; was elected to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, Pacific Railroad, and Weights and Measures. House, John F.; was born in Williamson Coun ty, Tennessee, January 9, 1827; graduated at Leb anon Law School in 1850, and settled in Clarksville, Tennessee, to practice law; Avas elected a member of the State Legislature in 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1861 was a member of the Pro visional Congress of Confederate States; entered the Southern Army and remained until the close of the war; was paroled at Columbus, Mississippi, soon after the surrender; was a member of the House of the Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1870; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Houseman, Julius ; was born at the village of Zeckendorf, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, December 8, 1832; received a common school educa tion, and a commercial training, in his native village; emigrated to the United States in 1851, settling at Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1852; engaged in mer cantile pursuits; filled several local positions, among them being those of Alderman and Mayor; was n, Representative in the State Legislature in 1871 and 1872; was defeated as a candidate for Lieutenant- Governor in 1876; in that year retired from mercan tile business and engaged in the manufacture of lum ber; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress. Houser, Samuel T.; was born in 1832; was an early settler in the Territory of Montana; became largely interested in mining, and was successful; settled at Helena, Montana; became President of the First National Bank of Helena; in July, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Governor of the Territory of Montana for the term of four years. Houston, George S.; was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, January 17, 1811; removed, when BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 247 quite young, to the Fifth Congressional District of Alabama, where he was educated, and continued to reside: soon after attaining the age of twenty-one was admitted to the bar; was elected to the Alabama Legislature and served two sessions; was, for a time, Attorney for the State, or Solicitor; was a second time elected to the Legislature; was elected a Repre sentative to Congress in 1841, and continued to serve, by successive re-elections, until 1849, when he volun tarily retired, for the purpose of resuming the prac tice of law; was again elected to Congress, in 1851, and subsequently re-elected, serving on several of the leading Committees, and officiating, during the Thirty-fifth Congress, as Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary; during a former Congress acted as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means; was also a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- three; withdrew in February, 1861; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention " of 1866; was Governor of Alabama from 1874 to 1876; was elected United States Senator from Alabama for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Died December 31, 1879. Houston, James; was born in Maryland; was liberally educated; adopted the profession of the law; in 1806 was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the District of Maryland. Houston, John ; was early distinguished in the Revolutionary movement, and was one of the four persons to call the first meeting of the Friends of Liberty, in 1774, at Savannah; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and was a member of the first Naval Committee; would have signed the Declaration of Independence had he not been called home to counteract the influence of Dr. Zubly in opposition to it; was a member of the State Council in May, 1777; Governor of Georgia from 1778 to 1784; in 1787 was Commissioner for settling the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina; in 1792 was appointed first Judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia. Died in Savannah, July 20, 1796. He was the son of Sir Patrick Houston. Houston, John W.; was born in Sussex County, Delaware; studied at Newark Academy, and gradu ated at Yale College in 1834; studied law with John M. Clayton, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; was Secretary of State in 1841 ; a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1845 to 1851; in 1856 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Dela ware ; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Houston, Sam ; was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 2, 1793; lost his father when quite young, and his mother removed with her family to the banks of the Tennessee, at that time the limit of civilization; received but a scanty education; passed several years among the Cherokee Indians, and, in fact, through all his life seems to have held opinions with Rousseau, and retained a predilection for life in the wilderness; served for a time as clerk to a country trader, and taught school; in 1813 enlisted in the army and served under General Jackson in the war with the Creek Indians; distinguished himself on several occasions, and, at the conclu sion of the war, had risen to the rank of Lieu tenant, but soon resigned his commission and commenced the study of law at Nashville; it was about this time he began his political life; after holding several minor offices in Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected to Congress, and continued a mem ber of that body until in 1827, he became Governor of Tennessee; in 1829, before the expiration of his gubernatorial term, resigned his office, and went to take up his abode among the Cherokee Indians, in Arkansas; during his residence among the Indians, became acquainted with the frauds practiced upon them by the Government agents, and undertook a mission to Washington for the purpose of exposing them; in the execution of this project he met with little success; became involved in lawsuits, and re turned to his Indian friends; during a visit to Texas, was requested to allow his name to be used in the canvass for a Convention which was to meet to form a Constitution for Texas, prior to its admission into the Mexican Union; consented, and was unanimously elected; the Constitution drawn up by the Conven tion was rejected by Santa Anna, at that time in power, and the disaffection of the Texans, caused thereby, was still further heightened by a demand upon them to give up their arms; they determined upon resistance; a militia was organized, and Austin, the founder of the colony, was elected Commander- in-Chief, in which office he was shortly after suc ceeded by General Houston; he conducted the war with vigor, and finally brought it to a successful ter mination by the battle of San Jacinto, which was fought in April, 1836, in May, 1836 he signed a treaty acknowledging the independence of Texas, and in October of the same year was inaugurated the first President of the Republic; at the end of his term of office, as^the same person could not constitu tionally be elected President twice in succession, he became a member of the Texas Congress; in 1841, however, was again elevated to the Presidential chair; during the whole time that he held that office it was his favorite policy to effect the annexation of Texas to the United States, but he retired from office before the consummation of his wishes; in 1846 Texas became one of the States of the Union, and General Houston was elected to the United States Senate, of which body he remained a member until 1859, the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; in 1859 was elected Governor of Texas; in a letter that he ad dressed to the compiler of this volume he said, in his characteristic manner, that he "had risen from a Ser geant up to President of a Republic, and down to a Senator of the United States. " Died in Huntsville, Texas. July 25, 1863. His name was Sam not Samuel, as generally printed. Houston, William ; was a Delegate from Geor gia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign the instru ment. Houston, "William C.; graduated at Princeton College in 1768; was a Professor of Mathematics in the same; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782, and again in 1784 and 1785. Died in 1788. Hovey, AlvinP.; was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, May 8, 1821 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1843; entered the volunteer service during the Rebellion as a Major; served with distinction as Colonel and Brigadier-General at Shiloh, Corinth, Champion Hill and Vicksburg, and was made a brevet Major-General; after the war resigned ; was appointed Minister Resident to Peru in 1866. Howard, Benjamin; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1807 to 1810, when he was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory; was appointed Brigadier-General in the United States Army in 1813; was once Governor of Missouri Ter ritory. Died at St. Louis, Missouri. September 18, 1814. 2-18 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Howard, Benjamin C.; was born in Maryland in 1791; graduated from Princeton College in 1809; commanded a volunteer company at the battle of North Point in 1814; was a Presidential Elector in 1828; was a Representative in Congress from Mary land from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1839; from 1835 to 1850 was a General of Militia; was a Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1843 to 18(52; was Democratic candidate for Governor of Maryland in 1861; was also a Delegate, to the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; son of John E. Howard. Died in Baltimore in 1872. Howard, George; was a native of Maryland; became acting Governor in 183,J; in 1832 was elected Governor of Maryland, remaining in office until 1833. Howard, Henry ; was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, April 2, 1826; studied law and came to the bar in 1851; after practicing eight years, Avent into commercial business; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the National Convention of 1856, which nominated Fremont; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; in 1873, without solic iting the honor, was elected Governor of Rhode Is land, and re-elected in 1874; declined a re-nomina tion for 1875. Howard, Jacob M.; was born in Shaftsbury, Vermont, July 10, 1805; was educated at the Acad emies of Bennington and Brattleborough, and at Williams College, where he graduated in 1830; studied law, and taught in an academy in Massachu setts for a time; removed to Michigan in 1833, and came to the bar of that Territory in 1833; in 1838 was a member of the Legislature of the State; from 1841 to 1843 was a Representative in Congress from Michigan; in 1854 was elected Attorney-General of the State; twice re-elected, serving in all six years, in 1862 was elected a Senator in Congress, in place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committees on Military Affairs, the Judiciary, and Private Land Claims; was re elected Senator for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Claims, Private Land Claims, the Li brary, the Special Joint Committee on the Rebellious States, and as Chairman of that on Ordnance; re ceived from Williams College, 1866, the degree of LL.D. ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal ists Convention of the same year. Died at Detroit, April 2, 1871. As an author he published, in 1847, a translation from the French of the "Secret Memoirs of the Empress Josephine." He drew up the plat form of the first convention of the Republican party in 1854, and is said to have given it its name. Howard, John Eager; was born June 4, 1752, in Baltimore County, Maryland; graduated at Prince ton College; entered the army in 1776 as a Captain in the regiment of Colonel J. C. Hall ; in the following year was promoted; finally succeeded to the com mand of the Second Maryland Regiment; was an efficient coadjutor of Greene during the campaign of the South, distinguishing himself at the battle of Cowpens, when, said Lee, "He seized the critical moment, and turned the fortune of the day"; also at Guilford, and the Entaws; was in the engagement of White Plains, Germantown, Monrnouth, Camden, and Hobkirk s Hill; having been trained to the infantry service, he was remarkably apt at charging into close battle with fixed bayonet; at Cowpens this mode of fighting was resorted to for the first time in the war, and in this battle he had in his hands at one time the swords of seven officers who had surrendered to him personally; on this occasion he saved the life of the British Gen eral O Hara, whom he found clinging to his stirrup and asking quarter; when the army was disbanded he retired to his patrimonial estate near Baltimore; in 1787 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress; in 1788 was chosen Governor of Maryland, and held the office three years; was a Presidential Elector in 1792; a Senator of the United States from Maryland from 1796 to 1803, and was President pro 1cm. of the Senate in the Sixth Congress. Died October 12, 1827. Howard, Jonas Gr.; Avas born in Floyd County, Indiana; removed to Jeffersonville, Clark County; Indiana; Avas educated at Asbury College, Green- castle, Indiana; "graduated in the laAv from the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1851; en gaged in the practiceof laAv at Jeffersonville, Indiana; Avas elected a RepresentatiA r e, to the State Legislature in 1862, and again in 1864; was a Presidential Elector in 1868, and again in 1876; was elected a Representa- tiA e from Indiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Howard, Robert A.; was a citizen of Arkansas; studied laAv, and engaged in practice, attaining emi nence in his profession; in June, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Assistant Attorney-General of the United States in the Department of Justice, at Washington. Howard, Tilghman A. ; was born near Pickens- ville, South Carolina, November 14, 1797; received a limited education, and commenced active life as a clerk in a store, and as a schoolmaster; removed to Tennessee and deA r oted himself to the law; Avhen twenty-seven years of age was elected a member of the Tennessee Legislature; Avas a Jackson Elector in 1830; during that year removed to Indiana, and Avas appointed, by President Jackson, District Attorney for that State; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1839 to 1841; was appointed (.-liaise (P Affaires to Texas in 1844, in which Republic lie died, August 16, 1844. Howard, Volney E. ; was born in Norridge- Avock, Maine; studied laAv; emigrated to Mississippi, where he distinguished himself as an editor, and fought two duels, first Avith S. S. Prentiss, and next with Governor McNutt; emigrated to Texas; Avas elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Howard, William; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative from Ohio, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. Howard, "William A.; was born in Vermont; graduated at Middlebury College in 1839; having taken up his residence in Michigan, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Ways and Means; successfully contested the seat of G. JB. Cooper, in 1860, and became a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three; in 18(51 Avas appointed, by President Lincoln, Postmaster at De troit; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists ConA entiorr of 18S6; in 1869 was appointed Minister to China, but defined the position; Avas Governor of Dakota from 1878 to 1880. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Howe, Albert R.; was born in Brookfield, Mas sachusetts, January 2, 1840; was well educated: served in the Forty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry as Sergeant, Lieutenant, and Acting Adjutant, par ticipating in the campaign in North Carolina; was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Fifth Mas sachusetts Cavalry; promoted to be Major, serving in Virginia and Texas until November, 1865; settled in Mississippi, on a cotton plantation, in 1865; was a member of the Mississippi State Convention in 1868 ; a Delegate to the Chicago National Convention in 1868; was appointed Treasurer of Panola County in 1869; was a member of the Legislature in 1870, 1871, and 1872; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Howe, James H. ; was born in Maine; removed to Wisconsin ; in 1873 was appointed United States Judge for the Western District of Wisconsin, resid ing in Kenosha. Howe, John "W.; was born in New Hampshire; having settled in Pennsylvania, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from 1849 to 1853. Howe, Thomas M.; was born in Vermont; set tled in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855; was for many years Cashier, and then President, of the Exchange Bank, of Pittsburg. Howe, Thomas Y., Jr.; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Howe, Timothy O.; was born in Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, February 7, 1816; received an academic education at the Readfield Seminary; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; settled at Readfield; was elected to the Legislature of Maine in 1845; in the latter part of that year re moved to Green Bay, Wisconsin; was elected a Cir cuit Judge in that State, in 1850, holding the office until 1855, when he resigned; in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Fi nance, Commerce, Pensions and Claims, and as Chair man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills and of those on the Library and Claims, and subsequently on those on Appropriations and Revolutionary Claims; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866; in January, 1867, was re- elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873; and again for the term ending in 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Claims and the Li brary of Congress; in January, 1882, was appointed Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of President Arthur. Died, suddenly, at Keuosha, Wisconsin, March 25, 1883. Ho well, David ; was born in New Jersey, Jan uary 1, 1747; graduated at New Jersey College in 1766; removed to Rhode Island, and was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in 1796, and from 1790 to 1824 was Professor of Law in Brown University; practiced law in Providence, and became eminent; was for some time Attorney-Gen eral of the State and Judge of the Supreme Court; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1785; after the re-organization of the General Government, was appointed Commissioner to settle the Eastern Boundary of the United States; was sub sequently District Attorney; from 1812 to his death, was District Judge for Rhode Island; was a dis tinguished classical scholar and political writer. Died July 29, 1824. Ho well, Edward ; was a member of the New j York Assembly in 1832; was a Repi esentative in Congress from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Howell, Elias ; was born in New Jersey ; having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State, from 1835 to 1837. Howell, James B. ; was born in New Jersey, July 4, 1816; removed to Newark, Licking County, Ohio, in 1819; graduated at Miami University in 1837; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839; removed to Iowa in 1841, where he practiced law for several years; in 1845 purchased a paper and engaged in the newspaper business; removing to Keokuk in 1849. started the Daily Whig, afterwards the Daily Gate City; took a prominent part in or ganizing the Republican party in Iowa in 1855 and 1856; was a Delegate to the Fremont Convention in 1856; was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of W. Grimes, in January, 1870; in 1871 was appointed a member of the Southern Claims Commission. Howell, Jeremiah B.; was a native of Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 1789; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1811 to 1817. Died in 1822, aged fifty years. Howell, Nathaniel ; graduated at Princeton College in 1788; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. Died at Canan- daigua, New York, October 16, 1851, aged eighty- one years. Howell, Richard ; was born in Delaware, 1754; practiced law; commanded a company of Grenadiers before the Revolutionary War; in 1775 was appointed Captain of the Second New Jersey Regiment; distin guished himself at Quebec; was promoted to Major in 1776, and commanded his regiment until 1779; was appointed Judge Advocate of the Army in 1782, but declined; resuming the practice of law, was Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1778 to 1793; was Governor from 1794 to 1801. Died at Trenton, New Jersey, April 28, 1802. Howell, "William F.; was born in Michigan; removed to New York, from which State he was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Arizona. Howey, Benjamin F.; was born at Pleasant Meadows, Gloucester County, New Jersey, March 17, 1828; received an academic education in addition to the instruction of private tutors; at the age of nineteen engaged in the grain and flour commission business in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; in 1855 re moved to Warren County, New Jersey, and engaged in the business of quarrying, and manufacturing, roofing and school slates; was a Captain in the Union Army in 1862 and 1863; was elected Sheriff in 1878; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-eighth Congress. Howland, Benjamin ; was a native of Rhode Island; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1804 to 1809. Died May 6, 1821. Howley, Richard ; was a Delegate from Geor gia to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781. Hoyt, Henry Martyn ; was born at Kingston, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in June, 1830; re ceived a classical education, graduating from Wil liams College in 1849; studied law; was admitted to 250 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the bar in 1853, and commenced practice at Wilkes- barre, Pennsylvania; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas of Luzerne County in 1867; was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1879 to 1883; received the de gree of LL.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and from Lafayette College; upon the expiration of his gubernatorial term settled in Philadelphia in the practice of law. Hoyt, John P.; was born at Austinburg, Ashta- bula County, Ohio, October 6, 1841; received an aca demic education; served in the Union Army during the greater part of the Civil War; studied law, and graduated from the Ohio State and Union Law Col lege in 1867; was admitted to the bar in the same year, and removed to Michigan, where he practiced law for nine years; was a Representative in the Mich igan Legislature in 1873 and 1875; was Speaker the latter term; in 1876 was appointed Secretary of Ari zona Territory, and in 1877 became Governor of that Territory; in 1878 was tendered the appointment of Governor of Idaho Territory, but declined it; in 1879 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory, and was re-appointed in 1883. Hoyt, John W.; was a resident of Wisconsin, where he was engaged in literary pursuits; was, for a time, a member of the Board of Railroad Commis sioners of the State of Wisconsin ; in 1878 was ap pointed, by President Hayes, Governor of the Terri tory of Wyoming for the term of four years. Hubard, Edmund "W.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1847. Hubbard, Asahel W.; was born in Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819; received a district school education; removed to Indiana in 1838, and taught school for a time; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841; in 1847 was elected to the Indiana Legislature, and served three years; in 1857 removed to Iowa, and was chosen Judge of the Fourth Judi cial District of that State; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee to visit the Indian Tribes of the West; re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Pub lic Expenditures and Indian Affairs; also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Com mittees. Hubbard, Chester D.; was born in Hamden, Connecticut, November 25, 1814; removed, with his parents, to Western Pennsylvania in 1815; thence to Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819; graduated at the Wes- leyan University in 1840; was engaged in the lumber, iron, and banking business; in 1852 and 1853 was a member of the Virginia Legislature; was a member of the "Richmond Convention " of 1861; and also of the " Wheeling Convention " of the same year; served one term in the Senate of West Virginia, after its organization; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Con vention " of 1864; was the Commissioner from West Virginia to the Soldiers National Cemetery; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and on Banking and Currency; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old Committees and as Chairman of that on Interior De partment Expenses. Hubbard, David; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term from 1849 to 1851. Hubbard, Demas, Jr.; was born in Winfield, County of Herkimer, New York, January 17, 1806; received an academic education; was devoted to farm ing and the practice of law; was for many years Supervisor of Chenango County, and four years Chair man of the Board ; from 1838 to 1840 was a member of the State Legislature; in 1864 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post" Roads. Died in Smyrna, New York Sep tember 2, 1873. Hubbard, Henry; was born in Charlestown, New Hampshire, May 3, 1784; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1803; studied law, and commenced practice in Charlestown; entered early into public life; was frequently a member of the State Legisla ture, and for some years Speaker of the House; was Judge of Probate for Sullivan County from 1827 to 1829; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1835, and a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1842 and 1843; from 1846 to 1849 was United States Assistant Treas urer in Boston; for a part of the time during the Twenty-eighth Congress, he acted as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Died at Charlestown, New Hampshire, June 5, 1857. Hubbard, John ; was born in Readfield, Maine, March 22, 1794; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816; was a supporter of the Maine Liquor Law; taught at Hallo well Academy, Maine, for two years; and in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, two years; prac ticed medicine in the latter place from 1822 to 1829; removed to Hallowell in 1830; was State Senator in 1842 and 1843; Governor of Maine from 1850 to 1853; agent for the United States Treasury for the New England States from 1857 to 1859, and from 1859 to 1861 a Commissioner under the Reciprocity Treaty with Great Britain; received the degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1822- and LL. D. from Wat College in 1851. Died at Hallowell, February 6, 1869. Hubbard, John H.; was born in Salisbury Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1805; received a, good common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1826, and was a regular practitioner of his profession until 1855; for" live years was Attorney for the County of Litchfield was twice elected to the State Senate; in 1863 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals and on Patents; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Hubbard, Jonathan H.; was born in 1768- was one of the most esteemed citizens of Vermont and was distinguished as a. jurist; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1809 to 1811, and for many years was one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. His death occurred where most of his s spent, at Windsor, Vermont, September 20, Hubbard Levi; was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1804 and 1805: a State Sena tor in 1806, 1807, 1811, and 1816; was a Repr^. tive m Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 251 1815; for some years a County Treasurer; a State Counselor in 1829; a Presidential Elector in 1820 and 1828. Hubbard, Lucius F.; was born in Troy, New York, January 26, 1836; was left an orphan at the age of three years; received an academic education; learned the trade of a tinsmith ; in 1854 removed to Chicago Illinois; in 1857 removed to Minnesota, and established the Republican newspaper, at Eed Wing; in 1858 was elected Register of Deeds, and served two years; in 1861 enlisted in the Union Army, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel; was promoted to a Col onelcy in 1862; took part in twenty -four battles, and was a Brigadier-General when mustered out of ser vice; returned to Red Wing, and engaged in the milling business; in 1872 was elected State Senator; was re-elected in 1874; in 1881 was elected Governor of Minnesota, for a term of three years; in 1884 was re-elected. Hubbard, Richard Bennet; was horn in Walton County, Georgia, November 1, 1832; received a classical education, graduating from Mercer Uni versity, Georgia, in 1850; studied law at the Uni versity of Virginia, and at Harvard University, Mas sachusetts, graduating from the latter institution with the degree of LL. B. ; was admitted to the bar in 1853; immediately thereafter emigrated to Texas and engaged in the practice of law; was a Deletrate to the Democratic National Convention of 1856; was United States District Attorney from 1856 to 1858; was Representative in the State Legislature in 1858; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1860; was a Colonel in the Confederate Army; in 1874 was President of the Democratic State Convention; in that year was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Texas, and was ex-officio, President of the State Senate; in 1876, by the" election of Gov ernor Coke to the United States Senate, became Gov ernor of the State, serving as such until 1879; deliv ered the Centennial Address, on behalf of Texas, at Philadelphia, in 1876, by special designation; was a Delegate to the Democratic State and National Con ventions of 1880; in the latter seconding the nomina tion of. the successful candidate, and taking a prominent part in the proceedings of the Convention ; retired from active political life and engaged in de veloping the resources of the State; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan. Hubbard, Richard Dudley ; was born at Ber lin, Connecticut, September 7, 1818; graduated from Yale College in 1839; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842, and engaged in the practice of law at Hartford, Connecticut; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1842, 1843, 1855, and 1858; was State s Attorney for Hartford County from 1864 to 1868; was elected a Representative from Connecti cut to the Fortieth Congress, and declined a re-nom ination ; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1872; in 1876 was elected Governor of Connecti cut, and served two years; was re-nominated in 1878, but was defeated at the polls. Died at Hartford, Connecticut, February 28, 1884. Hubbard, Samuel Dickinson; was born at Middletown, Connecticut, August 10, 1799; gradu ated at Yale College in 1819; studied law, but did not practice, devoting himself chiefly to the nianu- facturingbusiness; served asa Representative through the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses; in 1852 was appointed Postmaster-General, and held the office until the close of President Fillmore s admin istration, after which he retired to private life; was zealous in the cause of education, and assisted in the establishment of the City High School at Middle- town. Died October 8, 1855. Hubbard, Thomas H.; was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1798; studied law; settled at Hamilton, in Madi son County, New York, and was there Surrogate for ten years; in 1823 removed to Utica; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to 1823; was Presidential Elector in_1812, 1844, and 1852. Died in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy-six years. Hubbell, Edwin N.; was born in Coxsackle, New York, August 13, 1815; received an academic education; was chiefly devoted to the pursuits of manufacturing and farming; held, for a time, the office of County Supervisor; in 1864 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac tures, Expenditures in the War Department, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. Hubbell, James R.; was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1824; received an ordinary educa tion; adopted the profession of the law; served four times in the State Legislature, twice as Speaker of the House; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1834 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the War Department and Agriculture; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866. Hubbell, Jay A.; was born in Avon, Michigan, September 15, 1829; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1853; was admitted to the bar in 1855; removed to Ontonagon, Michigan, in 1855; was elected District Attorney of the Upper Peninsula in 1857 and 1859; removed to Houghton in 1860; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1861, 1863, and 1865; was engaged in the practice of law until 1870; was elected to the forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Banking and Currency, District of Columbia, and Mines and Mining: was re-elected to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; de clined a further re-nomination. Hubbell, Sidney A.; was born in Connecticut; emigrated to New Mexico; was appointed an Associ ate Justice of the United States Court for that Terri tory, residing at Santa Fe. Hubbell, William S.; was born in New York; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1841 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Hubbs, Orlando ; was born in New York, Feb ruary 18, 1840; received a good education; settled at Newberne, North Carolina; was elected a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Forty-seventh Congress. Hubley, Edward B.; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1839. Died February 23, 1856, in Philadelphia. Hudd, Thomas R.; was born at Buffalo, New York, October 2, 1835; removed to Wisconsin in 1853, and settled in Appleton, from whence, in 1868, he removed to Green Bay; was educated in the com mon schools, printing office and Lawrence Univers ity; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and en gaged in the practice of law; was District Attorney oi Outagamie County, Wisconsin, in 1856 and 1857- 252 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was City Attorney of Green Bay in 1873 and 1874 : was State Senator from the Twenty-second District in 1862 and 1863; was a member of the State Assem bly in 1868 and 1875; was State Senator in 1876, 1877, 1878, and 1871); was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention in 1880; was again a State Senator in 1882 and 1883, and was re-electe was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-ninth Congress as a Democrat, to rill the va cancy caused by the death of Honorable Joseph Rahkin, and took his seat March 8, 1886. Hudson, Charles ; was born in Marlborough. Massachusetts, November 14, 1795; passed his youth as a student in a village school, and also as a teacher, and at the age of twenty-one was a day laborer on a farm; in 1819 was licensed as a preacher of the Uni- versalist persuasion; was a member of the Massachu setts Legislature from 1828 to 1833; a State Senator from 1833 to 1839; a State Counselor from 1839 to 1841; was elected to Congress in 1841, where he re mained until 1849; was subsequently appointed Naval Officer for Boston, Massachusetts, by the Fed eral Government, serving from 1849 to 1853; in 1864 was Assessor of Internal Revenue at Lexington, Massachusetts. Hudson, Silas A.; was a citizen of Iowa; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala, where he remained until 1872. Hufty, Jacob; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1809 to 1814 Huger, Benjamin ; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1799 to 1805, and for a second term from 1815 to 1817. Huger, Daniel; was a member of the Conti nental Congress; was a Representative in the Con gress of the United States from South Carolina from 1789 to 1793. Huger, Daniel Elliot ; was a citizen of Charles ton, South Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1798; for nearly half a century was identified with the public service of his State as a member of the Legislature, State Senate, and Judge of her Courts; was a Senator in Congress from South Carolina from 1843 to 1846. Died in Charleston in August, 1854. Hughes, Charles; was born in Georgia; settled in New York; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1853 to 1855; iu 1862 was appointed Provost-Marshal for the Sixteenth District of New York. Hughes, Christopher; was a native of Mary land; was a man of education and culture, and held the following diplomatic appointments: Secretary of Legation to England in 1814; same to Sweden and Norway in 1816; acted as Charge d? Affaires in 1817, and commissioned as such in 1819; from 1825 to 1830 Cliarge (V Affaires to the Netherlands, with spe cial instructions to Denmark; from 1830 to 1840 was Charge d j Affaires to Sweden and Norway; re-commis sioned in 1842; returned to this country in 1845. Died in Baltimore, September 18, 1849. Hughes, George W.; was born in New York in 1806; was educated at the West Point Academy, where he graduated in 1827; adopted the profession of civil engineer, and was employed as such for some years in New York; in 1830 was appointed a Civil Engineer in the General Government, in which posi tion he remained until 1838, when he was trans ferred to the Corp.? of Topographical Engineers in the Regular Army; resigned in 1851, and was made President of the Northern Central Railroad; in 159 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty -sixth Congress; visited Europe to perfect himself in his studies; helped to locate the railroad across the Isthmus of Panama; served with distinc tion in the War with Mexico, receiving two brevets. Died at West River, Maryland, in 1870. Hughes, James ; was born at Hampstead, Mary- laud, November 24, 1823; was educated at the State University of Indiana; began the practice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1842; was appointed First Lieutenant of the Sixteenth Regiment of United States Infantry, one of the ten regiments in the Mex ican War, and served until the close of the war; then returned to the practice of law iu Bloomington ; in 1852 was elected Circuit Judge for six years; in 1853 was elected Professor of Law in the University of Indiana, and served three years; was elected a Rep resentative from Indiana in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ter ritories; in 1861 was appointed, by President Bu chanan, a Judge of the Court of Claims, which posi tion he resigned in 1865; in May, 1866, was appointed, by President Johnson, a Cotton Agent for the Treas ury Department; subsequently settled in Washington City as an Attorney-at-law, but was soon afterwards elected to the Legislature of Indiana. Hughes, James M.; was a native of Kentucky; wa^ a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1843 to 1845. Hughes, Robert W.; was born in Powhatan County, Virginia, June 6, 1821; was chiefly educated at the Caldwell Institute, North Carolina; was, for a time, a tutor in the Bingham High School; studied law and came to the bar in 1846, locating in Rich mond; from 1853 until 1857 was the editor of the Richmond Examiner; wrote for two years for the Washington Union; attended the Charleston Conven tion of 1860; subsequently wrote for the Republic and State Journal in Richmond; in 1873 was the Republi can candidate for Governor of Virginia, but not elected; in 1874 was appointed United States Dis trict Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia; was the author of two biographies of Secretary of War John B. Floyd, and of General Joseph E. Johnston; in 1879 published a popular treatise on the currency question, which was commended by the Comptroller of the Currency; between the years 1877 and 1882 published five volumes of Reports of Decisions in United States Courts of the Fourth Judicial Circuit; the third of these Reports contains the decision of Judge Hughes in the famous case of the Arlington estate, which decision was sustained by the United States Supreme Court. Hughes, Simon P.; was born in Tennessee in 1830; attended school and college in his native Slate until 1849, at which time he went to Arkansas, set tling in Monroe County; was Sheriff oi Monroe County in 1854 and 1855; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and entered upon the practice of law; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army as a Cap tain; soon after became a Lieutenant-Colonel; on the re-organization of his regiment was left out, and re- entered the service as a private soldier; served throughout the war; was a Representative in the State Legislature of Arkansas in 1866 and 1867; in 1874 was elected a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention; in the same year was elected At- t >rney-General of Arkansas, in which office he served two years; in 1884 was elected Governor of Arkansas for the term of two years, and in 1886 was re-noin- inated by acclamation, and re-elected. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 253 Hughes, Thomas H.; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1829 to 1833. Hughston, Jonas A.; was born in New York; was a Representative from that State to the Thirty- fourth Congress; in 1845 was District Attorney for Delaware County ; was subsequently Marshal of Shanghai, China, where he died in 1862. Hugunin, Daniel, Jr.; was born in Montgomery County, New York; was distinguished as an officer in the war of 1812, and participated in the stirring events on the Niagara frontier, -and the battle of Queenstown, with General Scott, where he was taken prisoner; was a member of Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827; a member of the New York Legis lature, and at a later period United States Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin, under an appointment from President Harrison. Died at Kenosha, Wiscon sin, June, 1850, aged fifty-nine years. Hulbert, John "W.; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1814 to 1817, hav ing succeeded Daniel Dewey, resigned. Hulburd, Calvin T.; was born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence County, New York, June 5, 1809; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1829; read law at Yale College; adopted the occupation of farming; was a member of the State Legislature from 1842 to 1844, and again in 1862; in the latter year was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Agriculture, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Public Expenditures; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Library, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, and also of that on the Custom House Frauds in New York; was re-elected to the Foitieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Re construction; in 1867 received, from Hamilton Col lege, the degree of LL.D. Hulburd, Hiland R.; was appointed Deputy Comptroller of the Currency in 1865, and in 1867 was made Comptroller, remaining in office until 1872. Hull, Noble A.; was born in Camden County, Georgia, March 11, 1827; was educated in his native county and at Savannah; became a merchant; re moved to Florida; was a Representative in the Florida Legislature in 1860 and 1861 ; served in the Confederate Army as Captain; was elected Lieu tenant-Governor of Florida in 1876; was elected a Representative from Florida to the Forty-sixth Congress. Hull, "William ; was born in Derby, Connecticut, June 24, 1753; graduated at Yale College in 1772; came to the bar in 1775, but soon entered the Revo lutionary Army as a Captain; was rapidly promoted, and became Inspector of the Army under Baron Steuben; was present at the battles of White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Stillwater, Saratoga, Monmouth and Stony Point, and for his services at Morrisiana received the thanks of Washington; two years after his surrender to the British at Detroit was tried by court-martial and sentenced to be shot, but on ac count of his age and public services the sentence was remitted by President Madison, by whom he had been made Commander-in-Chief ; it is now agreed among historians that his reasons for giving up De troit to the British General Brock were not cowardice or disloyalty; in 1824 he published a series of letters in vindication of himself. Died at Newtown, Massa chusetts, November 29, 1625. Humphrey, Charles; was born in Haverford, Pennsylvania, about 1712; was brought up in the milling business, in which he was long and exten sively engaged; was a patriot of the Revolution; a member of the Provincial Assembly from 1764 to 1774, and a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776; although he opposed the measures of Great Britain, he voted against the Declaration of Independence. Died in Haverford in 1786. Humphrey, Herman L..; was born at Candor, New York, March 14, 1830: received a common school and academic education; became a merchant s clerk; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1854; removed to Hudson, Wisconsin, and commenced practice in 1855; was appointed District Attorney; in 1860 was appointed County Judge, to fill a vacancy, and in 1861 was elected to the same office for a full term; was elected State Senator, and resigned the Judge- ship in 1862; was Mayor of Hudson one year; was Circuit Judge from 1867 to 1877; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Humphrey, James; was born inFairfield, Con necticut, October 9, 1811; in 1831 graduated at Am- herst College, of which his father, Rev. Heman Humphrey, was for many years President; in 1832 had charge of Plainfield Academy, Connecticut ; studied law and commenced practice in Louisville, Kentucky, where he remained only one year; in 1838 removed to the City of New York, where he practiced his profession; in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; was re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress; during the summer of 1865 visited Europe on a tour of pleasure; in the Thirty -ninth Congress served on the Committee on Commerce, and as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Died in Brooklyn, New York, June 16, 1866. Humphrey, J. M.; was born in Holland, Erie County, New York, September 21, 1819; received a common school education; adopted the profession of law; was District Attorney for Erie County in 1857, 1858, and 1859; was a member of the State Senate from 1863 to 1865; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce and the Special Com mittee on the Civil Service; in 1865 was President of the "Democratic State Convention"; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart ment. Humphrey, Reuben; was, for four years, a- Senator in the Legislature of New York from Onon- daga County; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1809. Humphreys, Andrew; was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James D. Williams, serving from December, 1876, to March, 1877. Humphreys, Charles; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Humphreys, David ; was born in Derby, Con necticut, in 1753; educated at Yale College; in 1780 became a Colonel and Aid-de-camp to Washington, with whom he resided for a considerable time; in 254 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1784 accompanied Thomas Jefferson to Europe as Secretary of Legation; in 1786 was elected to the Legislature of Connecticut; was Minister to Portugal in 1791; to Algiers in 1793, and to Spain in 1796; commanded two Connecticut Regiments in the War of 1812; acquired considerable fame as a writer, es pecially of poetry, and a collection of his writings was published in New York in 1804. Died in New Haven, February 21, 1818. Humphreys, David. C.; was born in Alabama; was appointed, by President Grant, from that State one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, for the District of Columbia. Humphreys, Jacob; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1821. Humphreys, Perry W.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815. Humphries, Benjamin G-.; was Governor of Mississippi from 1866 to 1868. Hung-erford, John N.; was born at Vernon, Oneida County, New York, December 31, 1825; grad uated at Hamilton College in 1846; became a banker in 1848, and continued in that vocation; was a Dele gate to the National Republican Convention of 1872; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died at Corning, New York, April 2, 1883. Hungerford, John P.; was born in 1769; was an officer of the Revolution ; a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1813 to 1817; Brigadier- General of Virginia Militia on the Potomac in 1814; commanding in support of Commodore Porter s artil lery at the "White House," in September of that year. Died at Twiford, Westmoreland County, Vir ginia, December 21, 1833. Hungerford, Orville ; was born in Connecticut in 1790; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1847. Died at Watertown. April 6, 1855. Hunt, Carleton; was born at New Orleans, Louisiana, January 1, 1836; graduated from Harvard College in 1856; received the degree of A.M. from that institution in 1859; received the degree of LL.B. from the Law Department of the University of Louisi ana in 1858, and was admitted to the bar in that year; in 1860 was a member of the Convention of the Constitutional Union Party at Baton Rouge, Louisi ana; served as an officer in the Confederate Army; was State Administrator of the University of Louisi ana in 1866; later was appointed, by the State Su preme Court, a member of the Committee to examine applicants for admission to the bar; in 1878 was Chairman of the Committee to organize the American Bar Association, and after organization, was Chair man of the Committee on Legal Education; in 1872 and 1879 was a member of the Democratic State Con ventions of those years; in 1879 was Professor of Civil Law in the University of Louisiana; in 1880 was made Doctor of Laws by the same University; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty- eighth Congress. Hunt, Hiram P.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. Hunt, James B.; was a native of New York, and for many years law partner with Michael Hoffman ; removed to Michigan about the time of its admission into the Union, and was soon called to responsible public trusts; was a member of Congress from Michi gan from 1843 to 1847. Died in Washington, August 15, 1857, aged fifty -eight years. Hunt, Jonathan ; was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1807; represented the State of Vermont in Congress from 1827 to 1832, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Died at Washington, May 14, of the latter year. Hunt, Samuel ; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1802 to 1805. Hunt, Theodore G.; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress from Louisiana. Hunt, Ward ; was born in Utica, New York, June 14, 1810; always resided in his native place; graduated at Union College in 1828; turning his at tention to law, attended the law lectures of Judge Gould at Litchneld, Connecticut; in 1838 was elected a member of the Assembly, and was re-elected in 1839; in 1844 was elected Mayor of Utica; in 1865 was elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals of the State of New York, which position he held until 1872, when he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; received from Union Col lege and Rutgers College the degree of Doctor of Laws. Died March 24, 1886. Hunt, Washing-ton; was born at Windham, Greene County, New York, August 5, 1811; at the age of eighteen entered upon, the study of law, and was admitted to the bar at Lockportiu 1834; in 1836 was appointed first Judge of Niagara County; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; in 1849 was elected Comptroller of New York, and in 1850 Governor of the State; was temporary Chairman of the last "Whig National Convention" ever held, in 1856; in 1860 was tend ered the nomination for the office of Vice-Presi dent, but declined; after that time lived in retire ment upon a farm near Lockport, dividing his atten tion between his friends, his books, and the pursuits of agriculture ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention " in 1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Died in New York City, February 2, 1867. Hunt, William H; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, June 12, 1824; (his mother was Lou isa Gaillard, of a Huguenot family, sister of the Hon. John Gaillard, who was, for more than eighteen years, a United States Senator from South Carolina, serving, the greater portion of the time, as President pro iem. of the Senate; his father, Thomas Hunt, was a lawyer and planter in the same State, to which he removed, in early life, from the Bahama Islands, where his ancestors, for several generations, had . filled, alternately, the offices of Governor and Chief Justice of those possessions) ; he received a classical education, chiefly at Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, Connecticut; was, for several years, a student in Yale College, but left before graduating; com menced the study of law at the Yale Law School, and finished it in his brother s office in New Orleans; was admitted to the bar in 1845, and engaged in practice at New Orleans; was Acting Professor and Lecturer on Commercial and Criminal Law in the University of Louisiana in 1865 and 1866; in 1876 was appointed Attorney-General of Louisiana, to fill a vacancy, and was subsequently elected to that office, serving until April, 1877; in 1878 was ap- BIOGRAPHICAL A. N N A L 8 . 235 pointed, by President Hayes, a Judge of the United States Court of Claims; resigned in 1881, to become Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President .Garfield ; declined the appointment of United States Circuit Judge tendered him by President Hayes; in May, 1882, resigned his post in the Cabinet to accept the appointment of Envoy Extraordinary and Minis ter Plenipotentiary of the United States to Kussia. Died at his post, February 27, 1884. Hunter, John; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1795, and a Sena tor in Congress from that State from 1795 to 1796. Hunter, John "W.; was born in the village of Bedford, Kings County, New York (now within the limits of the city of Brooklyn), October 15, 1807; after devoting himself in various ways to measures which looked to the progress and advancemeiit-of his native city, became identified with the New York Custom House as clerk in 1831, and in 1837 as As sistant Auditor, in which position he continued until his resignation in 1865; in 1864 his name was forged to two checks for six thousand six hundred dollars, and four thousand two hundred dollars, on the As sistant Treasurer of New York, and although a suit was instituted by that officer, the entire innocence of Mr. Hunter was triumphantly vindicated, and the Treasurer not only acknowledged his error in the premises, but out of his own pocket paid all the ex penses of the trial; this was considered one of the most remarkable cases of the kind on record, and only tended to brighten the fair fame of the tempo rary victim; in 1865 accepted the position of Secre tary of a Banking Institution in Brooklyn ; in 1866 was elected, by a large majority, a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of James Humphrey, deceased, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Banking and Currency, and Expenses in the Navy Department. Hunter, Morton O.; was born in Versailles, Ripley County, Indiana, February 5, 1825 ; went through a scientific course of studies in the Indiana State University; studied law and graduated as a lawyer at the above institution ; in 1858 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector; in 1852 raised the Eighty-second Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and as Colonel commanded it until the fall of Atlanta in 1864; also had command of a brigade under General Sherman in his march to the sea, and continued with the Fourteenth Army Corps until its arrival in Washington; in March, 1865, was brevetted a Brigadier-General; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ter ritories and Mines and Mining; elected to the Forty- third and Forty-fourth Congresses; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Hunter, Naisworthy ; was a Delegate in Con gress from the Territory of Mississippi from 1801 to 1802. Died March 11, 1802. Hunter, Robert M. T.; was born in Essex County, Virginia, April 21, 1809; was educated at the University of Virginia; adopted the profession of the law, and came to the bar in 1830; served three years in the State Legislature; was first elected a Representative in Congress from his native State in 1837, when he served two terms; was again elected in 1845, officiating during the Twenty-sixth Congress as Speaker; in 1847 was elected a Senator in Congress for a long term, and re-elected for the term ending in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, and as a member of the Committees on the Library, and on the Pacific Railroad; was re-elected to the Senate in 1859, for another term, but was ex pelled, July, 1861; took part in the Rebellion as Secretary of State, and a member of Congress in the Confederate Government; after the Rebellion was ar rested as a prisoner of State, but was released on his parole; in 1867 was pardoned by President Johnson. Hunter, Taliaferro ; was a native of Virginia; in 1860 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treas ury, which position he held until 1861. Hunter, "William ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1807 and 1809; a State Counselor in 1809, 1814, and 1815; was a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1817 to 1819. Hunter, William ; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, November 23, 1775; graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1791 ; went to London and studied medi cine, but soon changed to the law, and entered at the Inner Temple in London ; on his return to Newport, at the age of twenty-one, was admitted to the bar; in 1799 was a Representative in the General Assembly of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different periods from that time to the year 1811, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat until 1821 ; his speeches, especially those on the acquisition of Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, won him a high reputation as a sagacious statesman and a finished orator; in 1824 was Charge, d Affaires to Brazil, an office which was, in 1842, raised to a full mission, and he was continued as Minister until 1845, when he retired from public life; resided at Newport until his death, which occurred December 3, 1849. Hunter, "William; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, November 8, 1805; was the son of the former Senator bearing the same name; in his fifteenth year entered the Military Academy at West Point as a Cadet, but after two years was obliged to resign on account of an affection of the eyes; subsequently re sumed study in his father s office and prepared him self for the legal profession, devoting special atten tion to the French and Spanish languages; in 1826 was admitted to the bar in New Orleans, where he had long intended to locate; in 1827 was attacked by the yellow fever, and returned to Newport to recruit his health; practiced law in Providence until 1829, when various circumstances induced him to accept a clerkship in the Department of State at Washington, acting chiefly as a translator; in 1852 was made Chief Clerk by Daniel Webster; in 1853 was offered the position of First Assistant Secretary, but de clined ; in 1866 was appoi nted Second Assistant Sec retary of the Department, in which he continued until his death July 22, 1886. Hunter, "William F.; was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 10, 1808; had few educational advantages; practiced the trade of a cabinet-maker until 1840; having studied law, removed to Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, after which he devoted himself to his profession. Hunter, "William H. ; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1839. Huntingdon, Abel ; was born in Norwich, Con necticut; at an early age removed to East Hampton, Long Island, and for sixty years was a practicing phvsician; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837; was Collector of Sag Harbor under President Polk; member of the " New York Constitutional Convention " of 1846. Died at East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged eighty-two years. 256 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Huntington, Benjamin ; was a native of Nor wich. Connecticut: graduated at Yale College in 1701; practiced law in his native town; was a member of the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 to 1788; a Representative in Congress under the Constitution from 1790 to 1791; was a Judge of the Superior Court of the State from 1793 to 1798; was Mayor of Norwich for twelve years; received from Dartmouth College the degree of LL.B. Died in 1800. Huntington, Ebenezer; was born in Norwich, Connecticut, December 26, 1754; graduated at Yale College in 1775; joined the army the same year as a volunteer; was soon commissioned as a Lieutenant; in 1776 was appointed a Captain, and also Deputy Adjutant-General; in 1777 a Major; in 1779 a Lieu tenant-Colonel; was present at the surrender of Coru- wallis, at Yorktown ; was twice elected to Congress from Connecticut, serving from 1810 to 1811, and again from 1817 to 1819; in 1799 he was, at the recommendation of "Washington, appointed a Brig adier-General in the army raised by Congress when expectations were entertained of a war with France: he was one of the most efficient officers in the army. Died June 17, 1834. Huntington, Elisha M.; was born in New York; in 1841 was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office, holding the position until 1842. Huntington, E. M. ; was an emigrant from New England to Indiana, and about the year 1844 was appointed United States Judge for the District of In diana, residing at Terre Haute. Huntington, Jabez W.; was born in Norwich, Connecticut, November 8, 1788; graduated at Yale College in 1806; studied law at Litchrield, and com menced to practice there, where he remained thirty years; in 1828 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1829 was a Representative in Congress, which office he rilled until 1834, when he removed to Nor wich ; became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Er rors, and was chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of his State: was a Senator in Congress from 1840 until his death, which occurred at Norwich, Novem ber 1, 1847. Fu rtington, Samuel; was born in Windham, Con lecticut, July 3, 1732; although not liberally educated, he acquired a knowledge of law and early came to the bar; settled in Norwich and became emi nent in his profession; in 1764 was elected to the General Assembly of the State; in 1765 was appointed King s Attorney; in 1774 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court; in 1775 elected to the Council; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1767 to 1784, serving as President in 1779; in 1784 was appointed Chief Justice; was Governor of the State o( Connecticut from 1786 to 1796. Died January 5, in the latter year. Huntington, Samuel ; was born in Coventry, Connecticut, October 4, 1765; was educated by his nncle, Governor Samuel Huntington, of Windham, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1785; was admitted to the bar in 1793; removed to Ohio in 1800 and settled near Painesville; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1802 and 1803; member of the Convention that framed the Constitution of the State in 1802; a Senator in the first Legislature and chosen Speaker; a Judge of the Superior Court, ap pointed April 2, 1803; afterwards Chief Justice; Governor from 1808 to 1810; member of the Legis lature in 1811 and 1812; District Paymaster in the war of 1812, with rank of Colonel. Died in Paines ville, Ohio, June 8, 1817. Huntington, Samuel ; was a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Michigan. Hunton, Eppa; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, September 23, 1823; studied and practiced law: was State Attorney for tha county of Prince William from 1849 to 1862; was elected to the State Convention in 1861; entered the Confederate Army as Colonel of the Eighth Virginia Infantry; was pro moted after the battle of Gettysburg, and served through the war as Brigadier-General; was captured at Sailor s Creek, in 1865, and imprisoned in Fort Warren; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Monuments: in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Revo lutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Hunton, Jonathan G.; was born at Unity, New Hampshire, in 1781; was Governor of Maine in 1830 and 1831. Died in Fairrield, Maine, October 14, 1851. Huntsman, Adam; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1835 to 1837. Kurd, Frank Hunt ; was born at Mount Ver- non, Ohio, December 25, 1841; graduated at Kenyon College in 1858; adopted the profession of the law; was made a County Prosecuting Attorney in 1863; a State Senator in 1H66; codified the Criminal Code of Ohio in 1868, which was duly published: in 1874 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- Iburth Congress; was also elected to the Forty- sixth and Forty -eighth Congresses. Hurlbut, Stephen A.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 29, 1815; liberally edu cated; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; removed to Illinois, settling at Belvidere; was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1847; wag a Presidential Elector in 1848; a member of the Legislature in 1859, 1861, and 1867; Presidential Elector in 1868; appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1861 ; commanded the Fourth Division at Pittsburg Landing, in 1862; was promoted Major- General in 1862; assigned to the commands of the Sixteenth Army Corps at Memphis, and of the De partment of the Gulf in 1864; was Minister Resident to the United States of Columbia from 1869 to 1872: was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty- fourth Congress, serving on the Committees on Rail ways and Canals, Civil Service and Mississippi Levees; in 1881 was app .ited Minister Plenipoten tiary to Peru. Died at his post April 3, 1882. Hutchins, John; was born in Vienna Township. Ti umbull County, Ohio, July 25, 1812; was chiefly educated by private tutors, although he spent one year at the Western Reserve College.; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; in 1838 was appointed Olerk of the Court of Common Pleas for Trumbull County, holding the position five years: in 1849 was elected to the Ohio Legislature; served a number 6f years as a Bank Director; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh COD BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 257 gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Hutchins, "Waldo ; was born at Brooklyn, Con necticut, in 1823; graduated at Amherst College; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and com menced practice in New York City; was a member of the State House of Representatives of New York in 1852, and of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth, Forty -seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Hutchins, "Wells A.; was born in Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, Octobers, 1818; received.a common school education ; taught school for several years in Ohio and Indiana; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-third year; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1851 ; in 1862 was appointed one of the six Provost- Marshals for Ohio; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Hutson, Richard; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1765; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confedera tion. Hutton, John B.; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Huyler, John; was born in New York; having become a citizen of New Jersey, was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Died in New York, January 9, 1870. Hyde, Ira B.; was born in Guilford, New York, January 18, 1838; received his education at Oberliu College, Ohio; studied law, and came to the bar in the spring of 1861, at St. Paul, Minnesota; entered the Union Army in a Minnesota Cavalry regiment in 18(52; removed to Missouri in 1866, and engaged in the practice of law; was appointed Secretary and At torney of a railroad in 1868; was Prosecuting Attor ney in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. Hyman, John Adams ; was born in Warren - ton, North Carolina, of slave parents, July 23, 1840; was self-educated, and after his emancipation, in 1865, was engaged in mercantile pursuits; in the year last named became a member of the Board of Education for Warren County; was a member of the Equal Rights Convention of 1866; of the State Con stitutional Convention of 1868; served in the State Legislature from 1868 to 1874; was elected a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; was Vice-President of the State Council of the Union League during its existence in North Car olina, and a Delegate to numerous Republican State Conventions. Hyneman, John M.; was a member of the Leg islature of Pennsylvania in 1809; was a Representa tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813, when he resigned, and D. Udree was elected in his place; in 1810 was commissioned Clerk of the Orphans Court of Berks County, and remained in that office for six years; in 1814 was commissioned County Surveyor, and remained in that office for ten years. Hynes, William J.; was born in the County of Clare, Ireland, March 31, 1843; came to the United 17 States in 1854; was educated in public and private schools until sixteen years of age; learned the art of printing in the office of the Springfield Republican, Massachusetts, and became a printer, lecturer, and editor; was a student at the law lectures at Columbia College in 1869; was admitted to the bar of Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1870; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Territories; in 1875 removed to Illinois, locating in Chicago as a lawyer. Ihrie, Peter; was a native of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1833. Ilsley, Daniel ; was born in Falmouth, Massa chusetts, in 1740; was a distiller by occupation; served three years in the State Legislature: was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1807 to 1809. Died in 1813. Inilay, James H.; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1786; was, for a time, Tutor in that institu tion; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1797 to 1801. Ing-alls, John James ; was born in Middleton, Massachusetts, December 29, 1833; educated at Wil liams College; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1857; removed to Kansas in 1858; was a mem ber of the Wyandotte Convention of 1859; Secretary of the Territorial Council in 1860; Secretary of the State Senate in 1861; a member of the State Senate in 1832; editor of The Atchison Champion in 1863; was defeated for Lieutenant-Governor in 1862, and again in 1864; engaged in the practice of law; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Commit tees on Pensions, Education and Labor, and Indian Affairs; was re-elected for a second term of six years; in 1885 was again re-elected for six years. Inge, Samuel "W.; was born in North Carolina; on removing to Alabama, was elected a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851; then removed to California and practiced law. Inge, "William M.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. Ingersoll, Charles Anthony; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1798; studied law in the office of his brother, Ralph J. Ingersoll; attained em inence in his profession; held several offices of honor; was appointed, by President Pierce, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Con necticut. Died in New Haven, February 9, 1860. Ingersoll, Charles J.; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1782; received a lib eral education; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States District Attorney for Penn sylvania, which position he held until 1829; in 1837 was appointed Secretary of Legation to Prussia; was afterwards elected a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; he published a "History of the Second American War with Great Britain," and sev eral other works of minor importance, including some poetry ; also served as a member of various In ternal Improvement Conventions; in 1847 was nom inated, by President Polk, Minister to France, but was rejected by the Senate. Died in Philadelphia May 14, 1862. Was brother of Joseph R. Ingersoll. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Ingersoll, Charles R.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1820; graduated at Yale College in 18-10; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845; was frequently elected to the State Legislature; was Gov ernor of Connecticut from 1873 to 1876; his father, Ralph J., and his brother, Colin M., were both Rep resentatives in Congress. Ingersoll, Colin M.; was born in Connecticut in 182,0; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law; was Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, by appointment of President Polk; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1851 to 1855. Ingersoll, Ebon C.; was born in Oneida County, New York, December 12, 1831; removed, with his father, to Illinois, in 1843; finished his education at Paducah, Kentucky; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; in 1856 was elected to the Illinois Leg islature; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, for the unex- pired term of Owen Lovejoy; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, continu ing at the head of his old committee, while serving on various others. Died June 1, 1879. Ingersoll, Jared; was born in 1749; graduated at Yale College in 1766; attained high rank as a lawyer; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781; Member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitu tion, and signed that instrument; was for many years Attorney-General for Pennsylvania; was Judge of the District Court of the United States at the time of his death, which occurred in 1822; in 1812 was the Federal candidate for the office of Vice-Presi dent; received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. Ingersoll, Joseph R.; was born in Philadelphia, June 14, 178H; graduated at Princeton College in 1804; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representa tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1837, and from 1842 to 1849, and for a time Chair man of the Judiciary Committee; was appointed, by President Fillmore, in 1852, Minister to England; the titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. Oxon., were conferred upon him. Died in Philadelphia, February 20, 1868. Ingersoll, Ralph J.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1808; served in the Legislature of Connecticut several years; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1833; in that year was appointed Attorney for the State; was appointed, by President Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia. Died in New Haven, August 27, 1872. Ingharn, Samuel; was born in Hebron, Con necticut, September 5, 1793; received a good En glish education in Vermont; studied law in Connecti cut, and was admitted to the bar in 1815 ; in 1817 settled at Say brook; from 1827 to 1835 was State s Attorney for the County of Middlesex, and again in 1843 and 1844; was a Judge of Probate from 1829 to 1833; Judge of the Middlesex County Court from 1849 to 1853; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from, 1835 to 1839, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and as a member of the Committee on Commerce; also served a num ber of years in the Senate and House of Representa tives of Connecticut; three years as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of the House; in 1837 was ap pointed, by the State, as agent to prosecute certain claims against the United States, and was successful; in 1854 was a candidate for the office of United States Senator, and received the entire vote of his party in the Legislature, but Senator Foster was elected; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Com missioner of Customs. Ingham, Samuel D.; was born in Pennsylvania, September 16, 1779; received a good education; was lor some years manager of a paper-mill in Eastern New Jersey; served three years in the Pennsylvania Legislature; held for a time the office of Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that State; was a Representa tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 1829, serving as Chairman of several Committees; was then appointed, by President Jack son, Secretary of the Treasury. Died at Trenton, New Jersey, June 5, 1860. Innes, Harry; was born in Caroline County, Virginia, in 1762; in 1776 and 1777 was employed by the Committee of Safety of Virginia to superintend Chipil s lead mines; in 1779 was appointed, by the Virginia Legislature, to settle land claims in the Ab- ingdon district; in 1783 was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court for the District of Kentucky; in 1785 and 1787 was Attorney -General of that State; was Judge of the United States District Court for Kentucky from 1787 until his death; in 1791 was one of the Local Board of War to call out the militia on expedi tions against the Indians. Died in Frankfort, Ken tucky, September 20, 1816. Iredell, James ; was born in Chowan County, North Carolina, in 1788; graduated at Princeton College in 1806; was, for several years, in the Legis lature of that State; part of the time Speaker of the House; in 1812 commanded a Company of Volunteers which went to Norfolk to repel the British; in 1819 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court; in 1827 was elected Governor of North Carolina; was a Senator in Congress from 1828 to 1831; toward the close of his life was a Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court. Died at Edenton, April 13, 1853. Ireland John ; was born on the banks of Nolinn, in Hart County, Kentucky, January 1, 1827; was eduratjtl in the common schools of that period and added largely to his information and knowledge by self-instruction; was appointed Deputy Sheriff" of Hart County, while yet a minor; was made of legal age by special act of the Kentucky Legislature in order that he might fill the office of Constable, to which he was appointed in 1847, by the County Court of Hart County; studied law; in 1852 removed to Texas and settled at Seguin, where he continued to reside and practiced the proi ession of the law; in 1856 was elected Mayor of Seguin ; in 1861 was elected a Delegate to the State Convention, by whose authority the State seceded; in 1862 entered the Confederate Army as a private soldier; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Lieu ten aat-Colonel; in 1866 was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of that year; in the summer of the same year was elected Judge of the Second Judicial District of Texas; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1873 was elected a State Senator; in 1875 was appointed an Associate Judge of the State Supreme Court; in 1882 was unanimously nominated a candidate for Governor of Texas and was elected; in 1884 was re-nominated by acclamation, receiving the unanimous vote of the Convention, and was re-elected Governor by a majority of 100,000 votes. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 259 Irion, Alfred B. ; was born in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, February 18, 1833; his early education was acquired at a private boarding school; in 1851 entered the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, in that State, and in 1855, was graduated there from; the same year began the study of law; in 185 was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the prac tice of law at Marksville, in his native parish; in 1864 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; in 1879 six new Judicial Circuits were estab lished, by an act of the Legislature, the tribunals for which were styled "Circuit Courts of Appeal," and, in 1880, Mr. Irion was elected one of the Judges for the Third District, for the term of four years; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Irvin, Alexander; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Irvin, David; was appointed a Judge of the United States for the Territory of Wisconsin in 1837, and although the records show that David Erwin had previously been a Judge for the Territory ol Michigan, it is persumed the two names represent the same man. Irvin, James ; was born in Pennsylvania: was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1845. Irvin, "William W.; was a member of the State Legislature of Ohio; Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1833. Died at Lancaster, Ohio, April, 1842. Irvine, William ; was born in Ireland; educated for the medical profession; served as Surgeon on board a British ship, in the war which began in 1754, and after the peace of 1763, settled at Carlisle, Penn sylvania; in 1774 was a member of the State Con vention ; in 1776 served in Canada, and accompanied Colonel Thompson from Sorelle to dislodge the enemy from Trois Rivieres; was taken prisoner June 16, and remained such at Quebec until exchanged in 1778: on his release was promoted to the command of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment; in 1781 the de fense of the North-western frontier was intrusted to him, and he attained the rank of Major-General; was a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1795; was a Commissioner during the Whisky Insurrection of 1794; removed shortly after to Philadelphia, and was appointed Superintendent of Military Stoics; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con- gressfrom 1786 to 1788; was a Presidential Elector in 1797. Died July 30, 1804, aged sixty-three years. Irvine, William ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Irving, Washington ; was born in the city of New York, April 3, 1783; received an ordinary school education; in his sixteenth year began the study of the law, and in his nineteenth year became a writer for the local press; in 1804 visited Europe for his health, where he spent two years; on his re turn to America, was admitted to the bar, but never practiced law; in 1807 began his career as an author by projecting a serial work called "Salmagundi," and his last work, the " Life of George Washington, " was completed and published in 1859; between these two dates, .he produced a large number of works, in all the departments of polite literature, which were eminently successful, and placed him in the front rank of American authors; the only public positions ever accepted by Mr. Irving were those of Secretary of Legation to England in 1829, and Min ister Plenipotentiary to Spain in 1842, and it was during his prolonged residence in this latter country that he collected the materials for several of his more important productions; by his pure character and rare abilities he won the universal respect and affec tion of his ^countrymen, and died on November 28, 1859, at his residence, known as "Sunnyside," beautifully located on the Hudson River, which was the theme of some of his most delightful writings. His writings are too numerous even to be specified in a brief record like the present. Irving , William ; was born in the city of New York, August 16, 1766; from 1787 to 1791 was an Indian trader on the Mohawk; was subsequently a merchant in New York City; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1819, and a member of the Committee on Commerce and Manufactures; was a brother of Washington Irving, for whose "Salma gundi" he wrote several poems and essays; was dis tinguished for his colloquial powers, and was a pop ular as well as an influential member of Congress; resigned before the expiration of his term, on account of his health. Died November 9, 1821. Irwin, Jared ; was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, in 1751 ; removed to Georgia at the age of seven; was for many years on the Indian fron tier, and during the latter part of the Revolutionary War, was actively employed against the Tories and Indians; at the close of the war was a member of the State Legislature, and of the Convention which adopted the United States Constitution in 1789; was Governor of the State from 1796 to 1798 ; President of the State Constitutional Convention in 1798; was many years a member, and President of the State Senate; was again Governor from 1806 to 1809. Died at Union, Washington County, Georgia, March 1, 1818. Irwin, Jared; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Irwin, John N.; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Idaho for the term of four years from March, 1883. Irwin, Thomas ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831; in the latter year was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Judge of the Wes tern District of Pennsylvania. Irwin, "William; was born in Ohio; after re ceiving a good education, graduated from Marietta College; taught school for a time; removed to Cali fornia in 1852; turned his attention to the newspaper business, and became editor of the Yreka Union; served several times in the State Legislature; when a vacancy occurred in the Governorship in February, 1875, was chosen President of the Senate, and acting Lieutenant-Governor; at the ensuing election, in September, was elected Governor of California. Died March 15, 1886. Irwin, William W.; was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843; from 1843 to 1847 was Charge d Affaires of the United States to Denmark. Died in Pittsburg, September 15, 1856. Isacks, Jacob O.; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1833. 260 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS Ittner, Anthony ; was born at Lebanon, Ohio, October 8. 1837; received a common school educa tion; learned the trades of bricklayer and builder and pursued those avocations; was elected to the City Council of Saint Louis, Missouri, in 186 /, and re-elected in 1868; was elected to the State House ot RepSntatives in 1808; was elected a State Senator in 1870 and re-elected in 1874; was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Forty-fifth Congree IVerson, Alfred; was born in Burke County, Georgia, December 3, 1798; graduated at Princeton College in 1820: was a lawyer by profession; served three years as a member of the House of Representa tives and one year as Senator in the Legislature oi Georgia; was twice elected Judge of the Supreme Court of that State for terms of three and four years; was one of the Electors-at-Large in the Presidential Election of 1844; was elected a Representative to the Thirtieth Congress; in 1854 was elected to theUmted States Senate for six years from March 4, 1855, and for a Ion"- time acted as Chairman ot the Committee on Claims, and as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs and the Pacific Railroad; withdrew in February, 1861, and joined the great Rebellion. Ives, Willard; was born in Water town, New York, July 7, 1806; received a good English educa tion; was a farmer by occupation; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853: in 1846 was elected, by the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Delegate to the "Christian World s Con vention," which was held in London. Izard, George ; was born in South Carolina in 1777; received a classical education, and made a tour of Europe; was appointed Lieutenant of Artillery in 1794; Engineer of Fortifications in Charleston Har bor in 1798; Captain in 1799; aid to General Hamil ton in 1799; resigned in 1803; on the breaking out of the war of 1812 was appointed Colonel of Second Artillery; Brigadier-General in 1813; Major-General in 1814; disbanded 1815; was Governor of Arkansas Territory from 1825 until his death, which occurred at Little Rock, November 22, 1828. He published "Official Correspondence with the War Department in 1814 and 1815"; was the son of Ralph Izard. Izard, Mark W.; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Nebraska in 1854, and remained in office until 1857. Izard, Ralph ; was born near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1742; graduated at Cambridge Univers ity, England; his grandfather was one of the found ers of South Carolina, and he inherited a large es tate in land and slaves; visited England in 1771, and the Continent in 1774; made a second visit to France; was appointed, by Congress, Commissioner at the Court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and resided in Paris; sided with Arthur Lee against Silas Deane; Franklin, and the other American agents in France; returned to America July 10, 1780; was instrumental in obtaining General Greene s appointment to the Southern Army, and pledged his large estate for the purchase of ships of war in Europe; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783; United States Senator from 1789 to 1795; President of the Senate pro tern, during the first session of the Third Congress; was a distinguished and eloquent states man; in the judgment of Washington no man was more honest in public life; his correspondence from 1774 to 1784, with a memoir, was published by his daughter in 1844. Died at South Bay, near Charles ton, May 30, 1804. Jack, William ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Jackson, Andrew; was born at Warsaw Settle ment, North Carolina, March 15, 1767; when four teen years of age left the academy where he had been placed and entered the Revolutionary Army; at the age of twenty-one established himself as a law yer in Western North CaroliLa; when that part of the country became a Territory in 1790, President Washington appointed him Attorney of the United States lor the new district; at the time that Terri tory was formed into the State of Tennessee, he was a member of the Convention which drew up the new Constitution; was immediately chosen a Representa tive in Congress, serving one term, when he. was transferred to the United States Senate, where he continued until 1798; his next public position was that of Judge of the Supreme Court; having been chosen Major-General of one of the divisions of the Tennessee Militia, he retained the office until 1814, when he went into the Regular Army with the same rank; was assigned to the command of the army at New Orleans, and January 8, 1815, obtained his famous victory over the British; in 1817 and 1818 conducted the Seminole War in Flov da, and soon after retired from the army; in 1823 was again elected a Senator in Congress, and remained there two years, having declined the mission to Mexico in the same year; in 1828 was elected President of the United States, and re-elected in 1832; the events which marked his administration were the difficulties with France, the suppression of the nullification move ment in South Carolina, the Indian War in Florida, and the removal of the deposits from the United States Bank; retired to private life in 1836, and in the peaceful shades of the Hermitage in Tennessee died, June 8, 1845. Jackson, Charles; was Governor of Rhode Island for one year, beginning with 1845. Died in Providence, January 21, 1876, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. Jackson, Claiborne F.; was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, April 4, 1807; emigrated to Mis souri in 1822; served as Captain in the Black Hawk War; served for twelve years in the State Legislature, for a time as Speaker; was a prime mover in organ izing the banking institutions of that State, and was a Bank Commissioner; in 1860 was elected Governor of Missouri; left the State on the approach of the Federal Army, and was deposed by a State Conven tion; afterwards served for a short time as a General in the Confederate Army. Died at Little Rock, Arkansas, December 6, 1862. Jackson, David; was a Delegate from Pennsyl vania to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786. Jackson, David S.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1848. Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr.; was born in Connecti cut; was a Representative in Congress from that State, to fill an uuexpired term, from 1834 to 1835. Jackson, Edward B.; was born in Harrison County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1820 to 1823, his first term having been in continuation of that of James Pin- gale, resigned. Died September 8, 1826. Jackson, Hancock ; was acting Governor of Missouri in 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 2(31 Jackson, Henry ; was born in Devonshire, En gland in 1778; emigrated to America at the age of twelve years; was educated by his brother, General James Jackson; was Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University of Georgia from 1811 to 1814, and from 1817 to 1828; was Sec retary of Legation to France under William H. Crawford, Minister; on his return, and the appoint ment of Gallatin to France, he remained in the Lega tion as Charge d 1 Affaires until 1817, during which interval Gallatin was engaged in special negotiations with Great Britain; received the degrees of LL.D. and M.D. from Philadelphia College. Died near Athens, Georgia, April 26, 1840. Jackson, Henry Rootes ; was born in Athens, Georgia, June 24, 1820; commenced his education at Franklin College, Athens, Georgia; graduated at Yale College in 1839; was admitted to the bar, and was several years United States District Attorney for the State; was also at one time one of the editors of the Savannah Georgian; was Colonel of a Georgia Regi ment in the Mexican War; was a Judge of the East ern Circuit from 1849 to 1853, when he was appointed Charge d Affaires to Vienna, Austria; from 1854 to 1858 was Minister Resident; was a Southern Briga dier-General during the beginning of the Rebellion, and had a command on the Upper Potomac; was the author of " Tallullah " and other poems; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico. Jackson, Howell E.; was born at Paris, Ten nessee, April 8, 1832; received a classical education, graduating at West Tennessee College in 1848; grad uated at the Lebanon Law School in 1856, and com menced practice at Jackson, Tennessee; removed to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1859; was twice appointed a Judge of the State Supreme Court; returned to Jackson in 1876; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1880; was elected a Senator of the United States from Tennessee for the term of six years from March 4, 1881 ; in March, 1886, was ap pointed, by President Cleveland, United States Dis trict Judge for the Western District of Tennessee. Jackson, Isaac Band ; was a citizen of Penn sylvania; in 1841 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Denmark, and died in office, July 27, 1843. Jackson, Jabez ; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1836 to 1839. Jackson, Jacob B. ; was born at Parkersburg, Virginia, (now West Virginia) April 6, 1829; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852, and engaged in the practice of law as a profession; from 1852 to 1861 was Commonwealth Attorney for the County of Pleasants, and from 1871 to 1877 held the same position in the County of Wood ; was a member of the House of Delegates of West Virginia during the years 1875 and 1876; Mayor of the City of Parkersburg in 1879; in 1880 was elected Governor of West Virginia for the term of four years from March 4, 1881. Jackson, James ; was born in Devon, England, in 1757, and came to this country in 1772; early in the American Revolution joined the army; in 1778 was made Brigade-Major; in 1781 commanded the Legionary Corps of the State of Georgia; when the British evacuated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he re ceived the keys; for his various services, the Assem- Lly of the State presented him with a house and lot in Savannah; on the return of peace he engaged with success in the practice of law; in 1780 fought a duel with Lieuten ant-Governor Wells, whom he killed, but was himself wounded in both knees; was a mem ber of the Convention which formed the first Consti tution of Georgia; was chosen a Representative in Congress in 1789 from Georgia, and after the close of his first term successfully contested the seat of Anthony AVayne; in 1793 was chosen a Senator, which office he resigned in 1795; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; was Major-General of the Georgia Militia; was Governor of the State from 1798 until his election as United States Senator in 1801. Died March 18, 1806. Jackson, James ; was born in Jefferson County, Georgia, in 1819; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1837; studied law; commenced the practice in 1840; in 1842 was elected Secretary of the Senate of Georgia, holding the office one year; in 1845 was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected to the same position in 1847; in 1849 was chosen, by the Legislature, Judge of the Western Circuit of his State, and was elected to the same office by the people in 1853, and again in 1857; in June of that year was nominated for Congress, resigning his judgeship, and in October following was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Claims and Revolutionary Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; resigned in February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. Jackson, James S.; was born in Madison Coun ty, Kentucky; adopted the profession of the law; served in the Mexican War as a Captain of Volun teers; in 1861 was elected a Representative from Ken tucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress; while the Re bellion was progressing, recruited a regiment of Kentucky Cavalry; was subsequently appointed a Brigadier-General, and was killed at the battle of Perryville in 1862, while fighting in the service of his country. Jackson, John GK; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1795 to 1797, from 1799 to 1810, and again from 1813 to 1817. Jackson, John J., Jr.; was born in Virginia; in August, 1861, was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States Judge for the District of West Vir ginia, residing at Parkersburg; had previously held the same office in Virginia. Jackson, Jonathan ; was born in Boston in 1743; graduated at Harvard College in 1761; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782; United States Marshal from 1789 to 1791 ; Treasurer of Mas sachusetts from 1802 to 1806; was Treasurer of Har vard College from 1807 until his death, which oc curred in 1810. Jackson, Joseph "W.; was frequently a member of the City Council of Savannah; at one time Mayor of the city; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savannah, De cember 28, 1854. Jackson, Oscar L. ; was born in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1840; was reared on a farm; was educated in the common schools, at Tansy Hill Select School, and at Darlington Acade my; was clerk in a store for a time; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, entering as Captain, and receiving the promotions of Major, Lieutenant- Colonel, and Colonel by brevet; took part with the 262 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Army of the Tennessee in the campaigns in Missouri, Tennessee, and Mississippi; also from Chattanooga to Atlanta, the inarch to the sea, and through the Carolinas, commanding his regiment during the lat ter part of the war; was very severely wounded in battle at Corinth, Mississippi. October 4, 18(i2 ; studied law; was admitted to the bar at New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1867, and there entered upon the practice of law; was District Attorney from 1868 to 1871, was County Solicitor from 1874 to 1880; was a member of the Commission to codify laws and devise a plan for the government of cities of Pennsylvania in 1877 and 1878; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -ninth Congress. Jackson, Richard, Jr.; was born in 1764; was a member of Congress from Rhode Island from 18U8 to 1815; in early life was engaged in mercantile busi ness, and was among the first in this country who embarked in the manufacture of cotton; he filled several important public offices, and was distin guished for his benevolence. Died at Providence, April 18, 1838. Jackson, Thomas B.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 18:57 to 1841; was also for three years a member of the Assembly of New York. Jackson, "William ; was born in Massachusetts, September 6, 1783; was one of the pioneers of rail road enterprise in Massachusetts; was a member of the State Legislature from 1829 to 1832; from 1834 to 1837, and 1841 to 1843 was a Representative in Congress from that State; at the time of his death was President of the Newton Bank. Died at New ton, Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. He was an earnest advocate of Temperance and Anti-Slavery. Jackson, W. T.; was born in Chester, Orange County, New York, December 29, 1794; received a common school education; was chiefly engaged in mercantile business; was Justice of the Peace several years in Havana, New York; held the office of County Judge four years; in 1848 was elected a Representa tive in Congress, and served one term. Jacob, Charles D.; was a resident of Kentucky ; in October, 1885, was appointed Minister Resident of the United States to Colombia, serving until Octo ber, 1886. Jacob, John J.; was born in Hampshire County, Virginia (now West Virginia), December 9, 1829; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1849; studied and adopted the profession of the law; was for several years connected with the State Uni versity of Missouri; was a member of the West Vir ginia Legislature in 1869; in 1870 was elected Gov ernor of West Virginia for two years; was re-elected for the term of four years, beginning with 1873. Jacobs, Ferris, Jr.; was born at Delhi, New York, March 20, 1836; graduated at Williams Col lege; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and began the practice of law at Delhi; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising from the rank of Captain to that of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was elected District Attorney in 1865, and was re-elected; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1880; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -seventh Congress. Jacobs, Israel ; was born in Germany ; was a Ro-v-esentntive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1791 to 1793. Jacobs, Orange ; was born in Livingston Coun* ty, New York, in 1829; removed with his father to Michigan in 1831; was educated there; became a lawyer; in 1852 emigrated to Oregon; was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Washing ton Territory in 1869, and settled there; in 1871 was appointed Chief Justice of the Territory; re- appointed in 1874, and held that position when elected a Delegate to the Forty-fourth Congress; re- elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Jacobs, S. D.; was born in North Carolina; in 1851 was appointed, from Tennessee, First Assistant Postmaster General, which position he held until 1853. Jadwin, Cornelius C.; was born at Carbondale t Pennsylvania. March 27, 1835; received a common school education; taught school and studied civil engineering and pharmacy; was a civil engineer from 1857 to 1861 ; engaged in the drug business, locating at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, in 1862; served, for nine years, as a member of the District Board of Edu cation, tfiree years as President of the Board; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh Congress. James, Amaziah B.; was born at Stephentown, New York, July 1, 1812; received an academic edu cation; removed to Sweden, Monroe. County; studied law; w r as admitted to the bar in 1838 and commenced to practice at Ogdensburg, New York; in 1853 was elected a Justice of the State Supreme Court; re signed in 1876; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses. James, Charles P.; was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Co lumbia, December 10, 1879. James, Charles T.; was born in West Green wich, Rhode Island, in 1806; received a limited edu cation; early turned his attention to mechanics as connected with the cotton interest; wrote a series of papers oil the culture and maTiufacture of cotton in the South; received the degree of M. A. from Brown University in 1838; was a Senator in Congress from 1851 to 1857, from Rhode Island; subsequently in vented a rifled cannon, and met his death from the explosion of a shell of his own invention, while try ing experiments at Sag Harbor, New York, October 17, 1862. James, Darwin B.; was born at Williamsburgh, Massachusetts, May 14, 1834, his ancestors having been among the earliest settlers of the St:\te; in 1847 his parents removed to Williamsburgh, then a sub urb of Brooklyn, New York, leaving him at school at Amherst, where he remained three years; in 1851 became a clerk in a wholesale silk house on Broad way, New York City; in 1858 engaged in the im porting and jobbing of East Indian goods, in which his firm prospered and became one of the leading houses of the country in that line; in 1868 made the tour of the world; devoted much time to charitable and religious works; became a manager in many be nevolent societies; President of a savings bank; was one of the founders of a dispensary ; one of the found ers, and Treasurer, of the Bureau of Charities of Brooklyn; served six years as Park Commissioner; became a Director in a Marine insurance company; Secretary of the New York Board of Trade and Trans portation; a member of the Executive Committee of the New York Anti-Monopoly League, and an active BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 263 worker iu ic .isting the encroachments of large cor porations; always declined political preferment; de clined being a candidate for the Forty-seventh Con gress; accepted a unanimous nomination, and was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. James, Francis ; was a native of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843. James, Thomas L. ; was born at Utica, New York, March 29, 1831; received an academic educa tion; was apprenticed to a printer; in 1851 removed to Hamilton, New York, and took charge of" the Madison County Journal, which was, in 1856, con solidated with the Democratic Republican; was made Collector of Canal Tolls, at Hamilton, in 1854 and 1855; was appointed Inspector of Customs in the New York Custom House in 1861; Weigher in 1863, and Deputy Collector in 1870; was appointed Postmaster at New York City, by President Grant, in 1873, and was re-appointed, by President Hayes, in 1877; was appointed Postmaster-General iu the Cabinet of President Garlield, in March, 1881, :uul continued in that position in the Cabinet of President Arthur, un til January, 1882, when he resigned to accept the Presidency of the Lincoln National Bank of New York City. James, "William H.; was Governor of Nebraska from 1871 to 1873. Jameson, John; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1830 to 1831; again from 1843 to 1845, and for another term from 1847 to 1849. Janes, Henry F.; was born at Brimfield, Hamp- den County, Massachusetts, in October, 1792; stud ied law in Montpelier, Vermont; was admitted to the bar in Washington County in 1817, and commenced to practice at Waterbury in that year; from 1820 to ls;}() was Postmaster at Waterbury; was a member of the Legislative Council from 1830 to 1834; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1834 to 1837; was State Treasurer from 1838 to 1841; a member of the Council of Censors in 1848; a member of the Legislature from Waterbury in 1855. Jarnagin, Spencer ; was born in Granger Coun ty, Tennessee; graduated at Greenville College in 1813: studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1817; was United States Senator from Tennessee from 1841 to 1847. Died in Memphis, Tennessee, June 24, 1851. Jarvis, Leonard; was born in 1782; graduated at Harvard University in 1800; was Sheriff of Han cock County from 1821 to 1829; Collector of Customs for the Penobscot District from 1829 to 1831; a Rep- resertative in Congress from Maine from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affiiirs; from 1838 to 1841 held the office of Navy Agent for the port of Boston. Died in Surrey, Maine, September 18, 1854. Jarvis, Thomas Jordan ; was born in Curri- tuck County, North Carolina, January 18, 1836; graduated from Randolph Mason College in 1860; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army as a private; in August, 1861, was made a first Lieutenant; in 1863 was promoted Captain; on May 14, 1864, his right arm was shattered by a bullet and he was compelled to jetire from the service; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of North Carolina in 1865; from 1866 to 1868 was a merchant; meantime studied law; was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of law in 1868; in the same year was a Presidential Elector, and was elected a Representative in the Legislature of North Carolina; was re-elected to the Legislature in 1870 and was made Speaker of the House; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; in 1875 was a member of the State Constitutional Con vent ion; in 1876 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of North Carolina; in 1879 become Governor by the election of Governor Vance a United States Senator; in 1880 was elected Governor; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Brazil. Jay, John ; was born in New York, December 12, 1745; graduated at King s College in 1764; stud ied law, and came to the bar in 1768; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and from 1778 to 1779: in 1776 was recalled from Congress to aid in forming the Government of New York, and for that reason was not present to sign the Declaration of Independence; from 1777 to 1779 was Chief Justice of the State, but resigned to fill the post of President of Congress; in 1779 was appointed Minister to Spain ; was a Commissioner to negotiate peace with England; signed the definite treaty at Paris in 1783; was appointed, by Congress, Secretary of State; though not a member, he aided at the Con vention which formed the Federal Constitution; also assisted Hamilton and Madison in editing the Fed eralist; in 1789 wasappointed, by President Washing ton, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he resigned in 1794 to accept the mission to England, when he negotiated the treaty which bears his name; was Governor of New York from 1795 to 1801, after which he retired to private life. Died in 1829. Jay, John ; was born in New York City, June 23, 1817; graduated at Columbia College in 1836; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced law; was a prominent member of the Union League Club of New York ; was, for many years, a Manager and Cor responding Secretary of the New York Historical Society, and a member of the American Geographical and Statistical Society; was the author of many anti- slavery addresses and pamphlets, and pamphlets on matters connected with the Episcopal Church; also egal arguments, political addresses, reports, etc. ; was appointed Minister to Austria, April, 1867. Jayne, William ; was born at Springfield, Illi nois, October 8, 1826; adopted the profession of medicine, and practiced eleven years in Springfield; n 1859 was elected Mayor of that city; was elected to the State Senate in 1860 and 1861 ; during the lat- r year was appointed Governor of Dakota Territory; n 1862 was elected a Delegate from Dakota to the Thirty-eighth Congress. After occupying his seat or some time, he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. Jefferson, Thomas ; was born at Shadwell, Virginia, in 1743; his education was chiefly acquired rom private tutors, although he passed two years it the College of William and Mary; adopted the "aw as his profession; was a member of the Legisla- ;ure of Virginia from 1769 to the commencement of ;he American Revolution; in 1775 was a Delegate in Congress; on May 15, 1776, the Convention ofVir- inia instructed their Delegates to propose a Decla ration of Independence; in June Mr. Lee accord- ngly made the motion, and it was voted that a com mittee be appoint***! to prepare one; the committee vas elected by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jef- 264 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. ferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston; the Declaration was exclusively the work of Jefferson, to whom the right of draughting it belonged, as Chairman of the Committee, although alterations and amendments were made in it by Adams, Franklin and other members of the Committee, and afterwards by Con gress; Jefferson retired from Congress September, 1776, and took a seat in the Legislature of his State in October; in 1779 was chosen Governor, and held the office two years ; declined a foreign appointment in 1776, and again in 1781; accepted the appoint ment as one of the Commissioners for negotiating peace, but before he sailed news was received of the signing of the provisional treaty, and he was excused from proceeding on the mission; returned to Con gress; in 1784 wrote notes on the establishment of a money-unit, and of a coinage for the United States; in May of that year was appointed, with Adams and Franklin, a Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign nations; in 1785 was Minister to the French Court; in 1789 returned to America, and received from Washington the ap pointment of Secretary of State, which he held until December, 1793, and then resigned; in September, 1794, when an appointment was offered him by Washington, he replied, "No circumstance will ever more tempt me to engage in anything public "; not withstanding this determination, he suffered himself to be a candidate for President, and was chosen Vice- President in 1796; at the election, in 1801, he and Aaron Burr having an equal number of electoral votes for President, the House of Representatives, after a severe struggle, finally determined in his favor; was re-elected in 1805; at the end of his sec ond term he retired from office. Died July 4, 1826, at one o clock in the afternooon, just fifty years from the date of the Declaration of Independence. It is a most remarkable fact that on the same day John Adams, a signer with Jefferson of the Declaration, the second on the Committee for draughting it, and Jefferson s immediate predecessor in the office of President, also died. Jefferson s publications were: "Summary View of the Rights of British America," 1774; "Declaration of Independence," 1776; "Notes on Virginia," 1781; "Manual of Parliamentary Practice, for the Use of the Senate"; " Life of Cap tain Lewis," 1814; and some papers of a philosophical character. His works, chiefly letters, were first pub lished by his grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 1829, and a complete edition, by order of Congress, in nine volumes, in 1853. Jeffords, Elza ; was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, near the present town of Ironton, in 1826; re moved, with his parents, to Portsmouth, Ohio , in 1828; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1847; settled in Mississippi in 1864; was Judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals of the State in 1868 and 1869; engaged in the practice of his profession and in planting; was a member of the Board of License Commissioners for District No. 2 for four years; was ele-ted a Representative from Mississippi to the Fony-eighth Congress. Jeffries, Noah L..; was born in Pennsylvania in 1828; was educated and admitted to the bar in Ohio, where he practiced his profession until 1861, when lie entered the Union Army and served during the Rebellion; was Assistant Provost Marshal General of the United States during 1864 and 1865; was Regis ter of the United States Treasury from September 18G7 to March, 1869. Jenckes, Thomas A.; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1818; graduated at Brown Univers ity in 1838; studied law, and practiced the profes sion until elected, in 1863, a Representative from Rhode Island to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law, having drawn up the bill on that subject; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Retrenchment, the Death of President Lin coln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Patents, and also Chairman of a Special Committee on the Civil Service; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Retrenchment and Revision of Laws; re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on important Committees. Died in Cumberland, Rhode Island, November 4, 1875. Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Thomas ; was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1782; was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; his son, bearing the same name, was a member of the Federal Congress. Jenifer, Daniel ; was frequently a member of the State Legislature of Maryland; represented that State in Congress from 1831 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1841; during the administrations of Presidents Harrison and Tyler was the United States Minister to Austria. Died December 18, 1855, near Port To bacco, Maryland. Jenison, Silas H.; was born in Shoreham, Vermont, in 1791 ; was Lieutenant-Governor in 1835; was Governor of Vermont from 1835 to 1841. Died at Shoreham, Vermont, September 30, 1849. Jenkins, Albert G-.; was born in Cabell County, Virginia, November 10, 1830; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and in law at Cambridge, in 1850; never practiced law, but devoted himself to agricultural pursuits; was a member of the Cincin nati "National Convention" in 1856; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee; subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the Confederate service, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness. Jenkins, Charles J.; was born in South Caro lina in 1805; graduated at Union College, New York, in 1825; served several terms as a Representative in the State Legislature, four terms as Speaker of the House; in 1831 was elected Attorney-General of the State; in 1853 was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor; in 1858 was tendered the post of Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Buchanan, but declined; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Southern Confederacy; in 1865 was elected Gov ernor of Georgia for the term of two years. Died at Somerville, Georgia, June 14, 1883. Jenkins, Lemuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1823 to 1825. Jenkins, Robert ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1807 to 1811. Jenkins, Timothy; was born in Barre, Worces ter County, Massachusetts, January 29, 1799; re ceived an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1824, practicing his profession BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 265 in Oneida County, New York; was District Attorney for that county six years, and resigned the office on being elected a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty- second Congresses. Died at Martinsburg, New York, December 24, 1859. Jenks, G-eorg-e A.; was born in Jefferson Coun ty, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1836; graduated at Jefferson College in 1858; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1859; engaged in the practice of his profession in the town of Brookville; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; on July 1, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Jenks, Joseph ; was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1656; was Deputy Governor of Rhode Island; was Governor from 1727 to 1732; he was the tallest man in Rhode Island, standing seven feet and two inches in his stockings. Died June 15, 1740. Jenks, Michael H.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Jenness, Benning W.; was Judge of Probate in Strafford County, New Hampshire, from 1841 to 1845; was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire dur ing the years 1845 and 1846. Jennings, David ; was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1825 to 1826. Jennings, Jonathan ; was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey; was the first Governor in Indiana; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1816, and from 1822 to 1831; in 1818 was appointed, by President Monroe, Indian Commissioner. Died near Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, July 26, 1834. Jerome, David Howell; was born at Detroit, Michigan, November 17, 1829; passed his infancy in the State of New York; returning to Michigan, with his widowed mother, in 1834, and locating in St. Olair County; in 1853 went to Californiaand remained one year; in 1854returnc . to Michigan and settled at Saginaw in the business of merchandizing; was a State Senator from 1862 to 1868; in 1865 and 1866 was Military Aid to the Governor; was President of the State Military Board from 1865 to 1873; in the latter year was appointed a member of the State Constitu tional Commission; in 1875 was appointed a member of the Board of United States Indian Commissioners; was Governor of Michigan from 1881 to 1883. Jeter, Thomas B.; was born in 1825; was a resi dent of Union, South Carolina; was a lawyer by pro fession; served several terms as State Senator; was President of the Senate at the time of the resignation of Governor Simpson, in August, 1880, and, by virtue of his office, became Governor of the State; resigned in December, 1880, to accept the position of Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court; in 1883 was ap pointed one of the Railroad Commissioners of the State. Died at his home May 20, 1883. Jewell, Marshall ; was born in Winchester, New Hampshire, October 20, 1825; was brought up a tan ner; studied telegraphy and electricity in Boston, and superintended the construction of lines between Louisville and New Orleans; in 1850 commenced, in Hartford, the business of manufacturing leather-belt ing; was Governor of Connecticut from 1868 to 1870; was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1873; in 1874 was appointed Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of President Grant. Died February 10, 1883. Jewett, C. O.; was an early emigrant to Ark ansas; was appointed a Justice of the United States Court for that Territory; after it became a State, continued on the Bench as Judge of the United States District Court. Jewett, Freeborn G?; was born in New York; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1826 and 1827; was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1833; from 1846 to 1856 was a Judge of the Su preme Court of New York. Died February 23, 1858, aged sixty -eight years. Jewett, Hugh J.; was born at Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland; received a good educa tion; studied law in Cecil County; left Maryland in early manhood, and removed to Ohio, where he prac ticed his profession; held no public position until 1872, when he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress; soon resigned to accept the position of President of the Erie Railroad Company. Jewett, Joshua H. ; was born at Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland, September 13, 1812; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Ken tucky; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Jewett, Luther ; was born in Cantei mry, Con necticut, December 24, 1772; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795; was both a clergyman and a physi cian; was, for fifteen years, a member of the Vermont Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1815 to 1817. Died March 8, 1860, aged eighty-seven years. Jewitt, Albert GK; was a citizen of Maine; in 1845 was appointed Charge & Affaires to Peru, where he remained until 1847, when he returned home. Johns, Kensey ; was born in Delaware, Decem ber 10, 1791; graduated at Princeton College in 1810; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1813; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1827 to 1831; in 1832 was appointed Chancellor of the State of Delaware, in Avhich capacity he was still serving at the time of his death, which occurred at New Castle, March 28, 1857; a person bearing this name was appointed to the Senate from Delaware in 1794, but was not admitted; he was the father of the above, and also filled the position of Chancellor of the State. Johnson, Alexander S.; was born in Utica, in 1822; received a liberal education ; studied law, and settled in New York City; in 1852 was elected to the Bench of the Court of Appeals, and removed to Al bany, serving one term; subsequently returned to his native town; in 1873 was appointed a Commis sioner of Appeals, to fill a vacancy; before the close of the year was re-appointed a Judge of the Court of Appeals, holding the office until December, 1874; in October, 1875. was appointed United States Judge for the Second Circuit, in the place of L. B. Wood ruff, deceased. 266 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Johnson, Andrew ; was born in Raleigh, Nortl 1 Carolina, December 29, 1808; when ten years of age was apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at that busi ness, in his native town, until his seventeenth year never attended school, but acquired a good Englisl: education by studying alone; removed to Greenville, Tennessee; was elected Mayor of that place in 1830; was elected to the State Legislature in 1835; to the State Senate in 1841 ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1843 to 1853, serving on various important committees; during the latter yeai w as chosen Governor of Tennessee, and re-elected in 1855; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1857 for the term ending in 1863, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and the District of Columbia; in 1862 resigned his seat in the Senate, and was .ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Military Governor of Tennessee; "by the "Baltimore Convention " of 1864 was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, and duly elected; on the death of Abraham Lincoln, April 15, 1865. took the prescribed oath and entered upon his duties as President of the United States; his life and speeches have been pub lished in a variety of editions; in 1866 received from the University of North Carolina the degree of LL.D. ; on February 22, 1868, the House of Representatives adopted articles of impeachment against him, found ed chiefly upon his alleged misconduct under the Tenure-of-Office Bill; only one Republican, S. F. Gary, and one Conservative Republican, T. E. Stewart, voted against the measure; on being tried by the Senate, organized as a High Court of Impeachment, the necessary two-thirds vote could not be secured, and he was acquitted; the Democrats who voted for his acquittal were Senators Bayard, Buckalew, Davis McCreery, Hendricks, Johnson, Patterson of Tennes see, Saulsbury, and Vickers; and those elected to the Senate as Republicans, who voted with them, were Senators Dixon, Doolittle, Fessenden, Fowler, Grimes, Henderson, Norton, Ross, Trumbull, and Van Win kle; the Republicans who voted for conviction were Senators Anthony, Cameron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conness, Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Ed munds, Ferry, Frelinghuysen, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Morgan, Morrill of Vermont, Morrill of Maine, Morton, Nye, Patterson of New Hampshire, Porneroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, Stewart, Sum- ner. Thayer, Tipton, Willey, Williams, Wilson, Yates, and Wade, the President of the Senate pro tern.; Mr. Johnson was again elected to the United States Sen ate for the term commencing in 1875; occupied his seat during the extra session of the Senate. Died in Carter County, Tennessee, July 31, 1875. Johnson, Benjamin ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Arkansas; in 1821 was appointed United States Judge for that Territory, serving in that capacity until 1833. Johnson, Cave ; was born in Robertson County, Tennessee, January 11, 1793; received a liberal edu cation, and adopted the profession of the law; was a Circuit Judge for several years; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1829 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1845, after which he went into the Cabinet of President Polk, as Postmaster-General- also held, for many years, the position of President of the Bank of Tennessee, which he resigned in 1859. Died in Clarksville, Tennessee, November 23 1866. Johnson, David; was born in Virginia in 1782- was admitted to the bar in South Carolina in 1805; was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1812; Solicitor of the Middle Circuit, Unbn District from 1812 to 1815; Circuit Judge from 1815 to 1824; Judge of the Court of Appeals from 1824 to 1835; Chancellor from 1835 to 1846; Governor of South Car olina from 1846 to 1848. Died at Limestone Springs, South Carolina, January 7, 1855. Johnson, D. B.; was born in New York; was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at Santa Fe. Johnson, Francis; was born in Caroline County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky in 1820, in the place of D. Walker, deceased, and from 1821 to 1827. Johnson, Frederick A.; was born at Glens Falls, New York, January 2, 1833; received a com mon school and academic education; became a clerk in the Glens Falls Bank in 1852; was afterwards Cashier of the Commercial Bank of Glens Falls; in 1871 engaged in the business of private banking at Glens Falls; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Johnson, Harvey H.; was born in Vermont; re moved to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Johnson, Henry; was born in Tennessee, Sep tember 14, 1783; studied law in Louisiana; was Clerk of the Second Superior Court of Orleans Territory in 1809; Judge of the Parish Court of St. Mary, May 1, 1811; member of the " Constitutional Convention" of Louisiana in 1812; ran for Congress in 1812, but was defeated; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1818 for the unexpired term of W. C. C. Claiborne, deceased, and held that position until 1824, in which year he was elected Governor of Louisiana; in 1826 was re-elected, holding that office for four consecu tive years; in 1829 was defeated for the United States Senate, by Edward Livingston; was a Repre sentative from Louisiana to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses; in 1842 was a candidate for Governor, but was defeated by Alexander Mouton; in 1844 was elected to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of A. Porter, under which election he sat in the Senate until March, 1849; was the head of the Whig party in Louisiana Died July 31, 1861. Johnson, Henry C.; was born at Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, March 29, 1826; his father beingat that time an officer of the army and stationed at That post; in 1837 removed to Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he received an academic and collegiate educa tion; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and com menced practice at Meadville; at an early age entered politics and at once became a leader; was frequently a Delegate to County and State Conventions; held a number of important public positions, among which were those of Attorney-General of New Mexico, Dis trict and Prosecuting Attorney for Crawford County, Pennsylvania; Representative in the State Lerisl a- ture for several terms, during one of which he" was Speaker of the House; was Chairman of the Judi ciary Committee of the House, and one of the Joint Jommittee to revise the. work of the Commission for the Codification of the Laws; was one of the Com mittee of Seven for conducting Mr. Lincoln s second canvass in Pennsylvania; was President of the State Convention which nominated General Hartranft for Auditor-General; was a Presidential Elector in 1872- n April, 1874, was appointed Commissioner of Cus toms in the Treasury Department at Washington in which office he served until April, 1885, when he re signed. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 2G7 Johnson, Herschell V.; was born in Burke County, Georgia, September 18, 1812; graduated at the University of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the profession of the law; was a presidential Elector in 18-14; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate; in 1849 was elected a Judge of the Superior Court; in 1860 was a candidate for the office of Vice-President, on the ticket with S. A. Douglas, but was defeated ; subsequently served in the Confederate Senate; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866; after the Rebellion became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia. Died August 17, 1880. Johnson, Hezekiah S.; was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1828; was educated chiefly at the Allegheny College, Meadville; learned the printing trade; removed to New Mexico in 1849; studied law and came to the bar in 1854; held the offices of District Attorney, Clerk of Court, and Treasurer of the Territory; in 1863 was elected to the Territorial Legislature; edited newspapers in Meadville, Santa Fe, and Albuquerque; in 1869 was appointed, by President Grant, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico, and was re-ap pointed in 1871. Johnson, Isaac ; was Governor of Louisiana from 1845 to 1850. Died in New Orleans, March 15, 1853. Johnson, James; was born in Virginia: was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1813 to 1820, when he resigned, and was appointed Col lector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Vir ginia; also served in the State Legislature. Died at Norfolk, December 7, 1825. Johnson, James ; was born in Orange County, Virginia; served as Lieutenant-Colonel under Colonel R. M. Johnson at the Battle of the Thames; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky during the years 1825 and 1826; his death was announced in the House of Representatives in December, 1826. Johnson, James ; was born in Robinson County, North Carolina, in 1811; graduated at the State Uni versity in 1832; taught school for a time, and studied law; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853; in 1865 was appointed Provisional Governor of Georgia; in 1866 was appointed Collector of Customs at Savannah, where he remained until 1869, when he resigned; was subsequently made a Judge of the Circuit Court of the State. Johnson, James A.; was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina, May 16, 1829; received a common school education; studied medicine and law; removed to California; was elected to the State Legislature in 1859; was elected a Representative from California to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Office and Post Roads, and Agriculture; was re- elected to the Forty-first Congress. Johnson, James H.; was born in New Hamp shire; was a State Senator in 1839; was a State Coun selor in 1842 and 1843; was a Representative in Con gress from 1845 to 1847, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Johnson, James L.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Johnson, Jeromus ; was born in Kings County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York City from 1825 to 1829. Died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, September 7, 1846. Johnson, John ; was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; received a common school education; emigrated to Ohio in 1824, where he was devoted to agricultural pursuits; served as a member of the Ohio Senate; also, in the last Constitutional Convention of that State; was a Representative m Congress from Ohio from 1851 to 1853. Johnson, John T.; was born in Scott County, Kentucky; was a brother of Richard M. Johnson; was once Judge of the Court of Appeals of Ken tucky- represented that State in Congress from 1821 to 182o; for thirty years was a preacher of the Gospel,, without receiving a salary. Died in Lexington^ Missouri, December 18, 1857. Johnson, Joseph ; was born in Orange County,. NewYork, December 19, 1785; on removing to Virginia, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1827, from 1835 to 1841, and from 1845 to 1847; was Governor of Virginia from 1852 to 1856. Johnson, J. Neely ; was Governor of California from 1856 to 1858. Johnson, Noadiah ; served in the Legislature of New York; was a member of Congress from 1833 to 1835. Died at Albany, April 4, 1839. Johnson, Perley B.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress Irom that State from 1843- to 1845. Johnson, Philip ; was born in Warren County, New Jersey, January 17, 1818; his grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War; in 1839 removed with his father to Pennsylvania, settling in North ampton County; was educated at Lafayette College, where he spent two years, after which he spent two- years teaching school in the South; on his return home studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and soon afterwards was elected Clerk of the Court of Sessions and of Oyer and Terminer; in 1853 and 1854 was elected to the State Assembly; in 1857 was- Chairman of the Democratic State Convention; in 1860 was the Revenue Commissioner for the Third Judicial District of the State; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Patents; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories; was a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1864; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Died in Washington, January 31, 1867. Johnson, Reverdy; was born at Annapolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796; was educated at St. John s. College, Annapolis; studied law with his father, and having been admitted to the bar, practiced his pro fession; his first appointment was that of State At torney; in 1817 removed to Baltimore; in 1820 was appointed Chief Commissioner of Insolvent Debtors, which office he held until 1821, when he was elected to the State Senate, serving five years; was re-elected and resigned in the second year of that term; in 1845- was chosen a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1849, when he resigned to accept the post of At torney-General of the United States, tendered him by President Taylor; leaving the latter position, he turned his whole attention to his profession, prac ticing chiefly in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Johnson also took an active part in the preparation of seven volumes of Reports of Decisions- in the Court of Appeals of Maryland ; was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861; was subsequently 268 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. elected to the House of Delegates of Maryland by th voters of Baltimore County; in 18(32 was again electe a Senator in Congress from his native State, for th term commencing March, 1863, and ending in 186 serving on the Library Committee, those on the Ju diciary and Foreign Relations, and also the Specia Joint Committee on Reconstruction; was one of th Senators designated by the Senate to attend th funeral of General Scott in 1866; was a Delegate t the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " o 1866, taking a leading part in its proceedings. In ar address to the law students of Columbia College ii June, 1875, he made the statement that he had beei a practicing lawyer for sixty years; in the latter par of 1875, notwithstanding his advanced age, he mad< a professional visit to England; on February 10, 1876 while visiting Annapolis, his native town, he was found dead near the threshold of the Governor s mansion, where he had been dining with a fev friends. He was not feeling well, and had left the table for a few moments to obtain a little fresh air when, at a moment when no one was near, he fell, a; was supposed, and immediately expired. Johnson, Richard M.; was born in Kentucky in 1780; in 1807 was chosen a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky, which post he held until 1813 in 1813 raised a volunteer regiinent of cavalry of one thousand men to fight the British and Indians on the Lakes, and during the campaign that followed served with great credit under General Harrison as Colonel of that regiment; greatly distinguished himself at the battle of the Thames, and the chief, Tecumseh, is said to have been killed by his hand; in 1814 was appointed Indian Commissioner, by President Madi son; was again a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1819; in 1819 went from the House into the United States Senate to fill an unexpired term; was re-elected, and served as Senator until 1829; was again elected to the House, and remained there until 1837, when he became Vice President, and as such presided over the Senate; at the time of his death was a member of the Kentucky Legislature. Died from a second attack of paralysis. He was a kind- hearted, courageous, and talented man. Johnson, Robert; was born in Pennsylvania; in 1836 was appointed Second Assistant Postmaster General, holding the office until 1841. Johnson, Robert W.; was born in Kentucky in 1814; was elected a Representative in Congress from Arkansas in 1847, and served until 1853, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Printing, and as a member of the Committees on. Military Affairs, and on Public Lands; withdrew in 1861, and took part in the Re bellion. Johnson, Thomas ; was born in Calvert Coun ty, Maryland, in 1732; was educated by private tutors and studied law; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1775 to 1777, when he left that body to raise an army, with which, as Commander, he went to assist Washington in New England; was the first Republican Governor of Maryland, servin^ as such from 1777 to 1779, and residing in Frederick City; was a Judge of the United States District Court for the State of Maryland; member of the Board of Commissioners for Locating the District of Columbia; was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1791 to 1793, when he re signed; he was the intimate friend of Washington, ,and was frequently honored with a visit by thePres- lident at " Rose Hill," near Frederick; was the Dele gate in Congress who proposed that the General should be declared Commander-in-Chief, and when Jefferson left the Cabinet of Washington, Mr. John son was offered the position of Secretary of State, which he declined; his abilities as a lawyer were of a high order, and he was a successful practitioner; on one occasion, when John Adams was questioned as to how it was that so many Southern men should have participated in the war, he replied that if it had not been for such men as Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Chase, and Thomas John son, there would never have been any Revolution. He died on his estate near Frederick City, which had been his home for forty-three years, October 6, 1819. Johnson, Waldo P.; was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri in 1861, for the term ending in 1867, but was expelled by the Senate January 10, 1862. Johnson, William ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, December 27, 1771; graduated at Princeton College in 1790; studied law and came to the bar in 1792; was elected to the State Legislature in 1794; was re-elected and made Speaker; was sub sequently chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of the State; in 1804 was appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held until his death, which oc curred in New York, August 4, 1834, from the effects of a surgical operation ; in 1819 was appointed and confirmed as Collector of Charleston, which office he declined; in 1822 published the "Life and Services of Nathaniel Greene," in two volumes. Johnson, William ; was born in Ireland in 1819; removed to Ohio in early life; received a good educa tion; held a variety of local offices in Richmond County, where he long resided; adopted the profes sion of the law; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Ex penditures on the Public Buildings. Died at Mans field, Ohio, May 3, 1866. Johnson, William Cost ; was born in Freder ick County, Maryland, in 1806; received an aca demic education; studied law and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in 1831; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to 1843; served in the State Legislature before entering and after he left Congress; was a member of the last Convention for revising the Constitution of Maryland; was President of the National Convention of Young Men which met in Washington to nomin ate Henry Clay for President; when in Congress, Mr. Johnson officiated for a number of years as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and also as a member of the Judiciary Committee. Died in Wash- "ngton, April 16, 1860. Johnson, William S.; was born in Stratford, Connecticut, October 7, 1727; graduated at Yale Col- ege in 1744; studied law at Cambridge, and acquired listmction as a pleader and orator; in 1765 was a Delegate to the Congress at New York; in 1766 an -gent for the Colony, to England, where, during a esidence of four years, he was elected a Fellow of he Royal Society; in 1772 was appointed Judge of he Supreme Court of Connecticut; in 1780 was a a ember of the Council of Connecticut; was again a delegate to the New York Congress in 1785; in 1787 vas a member of the Convention which framed the onstitution of the United States; was a Senator in ongress from 1789 to 1791, and from 1792 to 1800 resident of Columbia College in New York, after BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 269 which he returned to his native village, where he died, November 14, 1819. He received from Oxford the degree of LL.D., and will always be remembered as one of the great men of this country; was Chair man of the Committee appointed to revise the lan guage of the Constitution, and the corrections in the original copy are in his handwriting; he was the son of Samuel Johnson, the eminent Episcopal divine . and first President of King s College (subsequently Columbia), and among his intimate friends and cor- ; respondents were Samuel Johnson, the great English ; writer, and Benjamin Franklin, while his father had been the warm personal friend of Bishop Berkeley. Johnston, Charles : was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York, . from 1839 to 1841. Johnston, Charles ; was born in Chowan County, North Carolina; was a member of the State Legislature for many years; was a Representative in Congress during the years 1801 and 1802; died before I the expiration of his term. Johnston, Charles C.; Avas a member of Con gress from Virginia, from 1831 to 1832, and was Chairman of the Committee on Imprisonment for Debt. Was found drowned in the Potomac, near Alexandria, June 18, 1832. Johnston, James T.; \vas born in Putnam County, Indiana, January 19, 1839; received a com mon school education; commenced the study of the law in 1861; in July, 18G2, enlisted as a priA ate in Company C, Sixth Indiana Cavalry; in September, 1863, Avas transferred to Company A, Eighth Ten nessee Cavalry, and commissioned as Second Lieu tenant; served in that capacity until January, 1864, resigning on account of disability; afterwards served as Commissary Sergeant of One Hundred and Thirty- third Indiana Infantry; Avas commissioned Lieuten ant and Assistant Quartermaster of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Infantry, and was mustered out with the Regiment in September, 1865; studied law; Avas admitted to the bar in March, 1866; en gaged in the practice of law at Rockville, Indiana; was elected Prosecuting Attorney, serving two years; was elected as Representative to the State Legisla ture in 1868; was elected State Senator in 1874, serving four years; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Johnston, John W.; was born at Panicello, near Abington, South Carolina, September 9, 1818; was educated at the South Carolina College, Colum bia; studied law at the University of Virginia; prac ticed until 1839, when he was made Judge of the Tenth Judicial District; was a member of the Senate of the State of Virginia in 1847 and 1848; was Presi dent of the Northwestern Bank at Jeffersonville, Virginia, from 1850 to 1859; in 1870 was elected United States Senator from Virginia, for the term ending in 1871 ; Avas re-elected for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Patents, and Post Offices and Post Roads; in Janu ary, 1876, Avas re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1877 and ending in 1883. Johnston, Joseph E.; was born at Longwood, Prince Edward County, Virginia, in 1809; passed his boyhood near Abingdon, Virginia, his father being Judge of that Circuit under the old system of the State; was educated at the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York, graduating therefrom in 1829; was appointed a Second Lieuten ant in the United States Army; became a First Lieutenant in 1837, served in the Florida War from 1836 until the close of the war, in 1843; Avas brev- etted Captain in 1838; in 1846 Avas Captain of Topo graphical Engineers, and served in Mexico as such, and as Lieutenant-Colonel, during the Mexican War; was brevetted Colonel for gallantry on the field of battle; in 1853 was commissioned a Lieutenant- Colonel of Cavalry; in 1860 Avas promoted to Quarter master-General; relinquished that post in April, 1861, to enter the Confederate service as General;, served throughout the Civil War Avith marked ability and distinction; after the close of the war became President of an insurance company at Richmond, Virginia; in 1878 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-sixth Congress; declined a re- nomination; in April, 1885, was appointed, by Pres ident Cleveland, Commissioner of Railroads in the Department of the Interior, at Washington. Johnston, Josiah S.; was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, November 25, 1784; was taken, by his father, in infancy, to Kentucky; graduated ^vt Tran sylvania University; studied law; removed to Louisi ana in 1805, and commenced his professional career at Alexandria, on the Red River; in 1812 AA r as a lead ing man in the State Legislature; was next appointed District Judge; represented Louisiana in Congress from 1821 to 1823; in 1824 Avas elected to the United States Senate, retaining that position until his death, Avhich occurred May 19, 1833, by the explosion of gunpowder on board the steamboat Lioness on Red RiA r er. Some of his reports and speeches were highly appreciated, and published for the benefit of his con stituents. Johnston, Samuel; was Governor of North Carolina from 1787 to 1789; Avas President of the Convention of that State which ratified the Federal Constitution; was a member of Congress from 1780 to 1782, in 1789 was appointed a Senator from North Carolina, and served until 1793; was afterAvards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Law and Equity; was one of those who voted for locating the seat of Gov ernment on the Potomac; was a native of Edenton, and died at Shenvarkey, August 18, 1816, aged eighty-three years. Johnston, Thomas Dillard; was born at Waynesville, Haywood County, North Carolina, April 1, 1840; was educated in the common schools and prepared for college at the school of Colonel Stephen Lee, near Asheville; after four years study in Colonel Lee s school, he entered the State Uni versity, as a sophomore, but ill-health compelled him to withdraw before the close of the session; entered the Confederate Army in 1861 and Avas soon after elected Lieutenant; was subsequently detailed as Adjutant of his regiment; at the battle of Malvern Hill was severely wounded, and although he after- Avards served as Captain and Quartermaster, he was compelled by ill-health to leave the service; after the close of the Civil War he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1867 ; in 1868 was nominated for Solicitor of his district, but was not declared elected, the State being under military rule; in 1869 Avas elected Mayor of Asheville, North Carolina; in 1870- was elected a Representative in the State Legislature and was re-elected in 1872; he was re-nominated in 1874, but declined; in 1876 was elected State Senator; in 1884 was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-ninth Congress. Johnston, "William F.; was elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and served in that capacity until 1852. Died in Pittsburg, October 30, 1872. 270 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Jonas, Benjamin F. ; was born at Williams- town, Kentucky, July 19, 1834; removed, with his father, to Illinois, and was educated there; removed to New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1853; graduated at the Law Department of the University of Louisiana in 1855; served in the Confederate Army during the war of the Rebellion; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1865; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1868; was elected a State Senator in 1872; was elected City Attorney in 1874 and re-elected in 1876; was again in the State House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877; was a member of the Democratic National Committee; wa elected a Senator of the United States from Louisi ana for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Jones, Alexander H.; was born in Ashe* r ille, Buncombe County, North Carolina, July 21, 1822 received an academic education ; was a farmer, a merchant, and an editor; sided with the Union cause during the Rebellion; while recruiting for the army was arrested and imprisoned in Asheville and in Richmond by the Confederate authorities; made hi escape in 1864; after the war returned to North Car olina; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1865; was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but refused admittance; was re-elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and Revolutionary Claims. Jones, Allen ; was a Revolutionary patriot of Halifax, North Carolina; was chosen Brigadier-Gen eral of Halifax District, in April, 1776; was a Dele gate to the State Constitutional Convention in that year; Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780; State Senator from 1784 to 1787; member of the Convention to adopt the United States Consti tution which he advocated. Jones, Benjamin ; was born in Virginia; re moved to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Jones, Burr W.; was born at Union, Rock County, Wisconsin, March 9, 1846; received a classi cal education, graduating from the Wisconsin State University in 1870, and afterwards from the Law School of that Institution ; was admitted to the bar in 1871, and engaged in practice at Madison, Wis consin; was elected District Attorney in 1872, and re-elected in 1874; declined a re-nomination; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the For ty-eighth Congress. Jones, Charles "W".; was born in Ireland in 1834; emigrated to the United States when ten years of age; spent some years in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi; settling in Florida in 1854; was a mechanic by occupation ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1857; became successful in the profession ; was a member of the Baltimore Conven tion in 1872; was nominated on the Democratic Lib- . eral ticket for Congress in that year, but was defeated in 1874 was elected a member of the Lower House of the State Legislature from Escambia County; in 1874 was elected a Senator in Congress from Florida for the term ending in 1881; was re-elected for the term ending in 1887. Jones, Daniel T.; was born in Connecticut, set tled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Jones, Francis ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1823. Jones, Frank ; was born at Barrington, New Hampshire, September 15, 1832; removed to Ports mouth, in the same State, in 1849, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; was elected Mayor of Ports mouth in 1868, and re-elected in 1869; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Jones, George ; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia during the session of 1807, by appointment of the Governor, but was superseded by W. H. Crawford. Jones, George W.; was born in Vincennes, In diana; graduated at Transylvania University, Ken tucky in 1825; was bred to the law, but ill-health prevented him from practicing; was Clerk of the United States District Court in Missouri in 1826; served as an Aid-de-camp to General Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk War; Avas chosen Colonel of Militia in 1832; subsequently Major-General; also Judge of a County Court; in 1835 was elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan, and served two years; in 1839 was appointed, by President Van Buren, Surveyor-General of the North west; was removed, in 1841, for his politics, but re- appointed by President Polk, and remained in the office until 1849; in 1848 was elected a United States Senator from Iowa for six years, and re-elected in 1852 for six years, officiating as Chairman of the Committees on Pensions and on Enrolled Bills, and as a member of the Committee on Territories; at the conclusion of bis last term was appointed, by Presi dent Buchanan, Minister to New Granada; in 1861 was charged with disloyalty, and imprisoned in Fort Warren. Jones, George W.; was born in King and Queen County, Virginia, March 15, 1806; began life as a saddler; was a Justice of the Peace for three years; in 1834 a Justice to hold the Quorum Court in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837 was elected to the Tennessee Legislature; in 1839 to the State Sen ate; in 1840 and 1842 was elected Clerk of the Lin coln County Court; in 1843 was elected a Repre sentative to Congress, and was for eight consecutive terms re-elected, serving during the Thirty-fifth Con gress as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals; in 1853, upon the inauguration of President Pierce, was appointed special bearer of dispatches to the American Consul at Havana, having been au thorized to administer the official oath to the Vice- President, W. R. King, who had visited Cuba for his health; in 1861 was a Delegate to the " Peace Con- ress, held in Washington. Jones, George W.; was born in Marion Count v, Alabama, September 5, 1828; received a limited edu cation; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Texas in 1848, and settled at Bastrop; was elected District Attorney in 1856; opposed secession in 1861, but yielded to the inevitable, and served in the Con federate Army until 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1866, and was elected Lieutenant- Governor under the new Constitution, but was re moved by the military authorities; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Died July 6, 1883. Jones, Horatio ; was born in Pennsylvania- re- noved to Missouri, from which State he was ap pointed an Associate Judge of the United States "Jourt for the Territory of Nevada. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 271 Jones, Jsaac D.; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 18U4; in 1867 was elected Attorney-General of Maryland. Jones, James; was born in Maryland; removed to Georgia when young; studied law, and settled in Savannah; was often a member of the Legislature of Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from 1799 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washing ton, January 12, 1801. Jones, James ; was born in Amelia County, Vir ginia; was a Representative in Congress from, that Stata from 1819 to 1823. Jones, James C.; was born in Wilson County, Tennessee, June 8, 1809; received a good education; devoted himself in early life to farming; first entered public life, in 1839, as a member of the Tennessee Legislature; was Governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, serving two terms; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1848; in 1851 was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee, serving the whole of his term of six years. Died at Memphis, Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He was for many years devoted to the interests of Memphis and his native State, and was distinguished for his ability. Jones, James H.; was born in Shelby County, Alabama, September 13, 1830; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in practice; settled in Texas; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of Colonel; for a time was in command of a brigade; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Jones, James Kimbroug-h ; was born in Mar shall County, Mississippi, September 29, 1839; re ceived a classical education; served in the Confed erate Army; removed to Arkansas; commenced the practice of law in 1873; in that year was elected to the State Senate, and was also a member of the Sen ate when the State Constitutional Convention was called in 1874; was re-elected under the new Consti tution, and was President of the Senate in 1877; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty- seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Jones, James Taylor ; was born at Richmond, Virginia, in 1832; removed, with his father, to Marengo County, Alabama, when two years of age; received a classical education, graduating from Princeton College, New Jersey, and from the Law School of the University of Virginia in 1855; was ad mitted to the bar in 1856, and engaged in the prac tice of law ; served as an officer in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; resumed the prac tice of law at Demopolis, Alabama; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1865; was a State Senator in 1872 and 1873; was elected a Rep resentative from Alabama to the Forty -fifth Congress; was again elected to Congress in 1883 to fill the vacancy in the Forty-eighth Congress caused by the death of Thomas H. Herndon; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Jones, J. Glancy ; was born on the Conestoga River, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1811; by his early education was prepared for the church, but preferred the law, to which he devoted himself with success; while Deputy Attorney-General of the State was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl vania, serving (except a part of the Thirty-third Congress, when Henry W. Muhlenburg succeeded him) from 1850 to 1858; was the author, in the House, of the bill creating the Court of Claims, when a member of the Committee on Claims; was placed, by Speaker Orr, at the head of the Committee on Ways and Means; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was tendered, by President Buchanan, the mission to Berlin, which he declined; in October, 1858, was offered the mission to Austria, and accepted the ap pointment. Jones, John J.; was born in Barke County, Georgia, November 13, 1824; graduated at Emory College; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1818; was a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business; resigned in Febru ary, 1861, and returned to Georgia. Jones, John P. ; was born in Herefordshire, En gland, in 1830; came, with his parents, to the United States when a child, settling in Ohio; attended school in Cleveland for a few years; in the early part of the California excitement went to that State, and en gaged in farming and mining; served in both Houses of the State Assembly; went to Nevada in 1867; was elected to the United States Senate for the term com mencing in 1873, serving on the Committee on the Post Offices and Post Roads, District of Columbia, and Mines and Mining; was re-elected for the term end ing in 1885, and also for the term ending in 1891. Jones, John S.; was born in Champaign County; Ohio, February 12, 1835; graduated at the Ohio Wes- leyan University in 1855; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1857; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Delaware County in 18(JO; resigned in 1861 and enlisted as a private in the Union Army; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Col onel, and Brevet Brigadier-General; was elected Mayor of Delaware, Ohio, in 1866, by a unanimous vote; was Prosecuting Attorney of Delaware County from 1866 to 1872, when he declined a re-nomination; was a member of the Board of Managers of the Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home from 1870 to 1874; was a Trustee of the Wesleyan Female College, at Delaware, from 1865 to 1875; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; received the degree of Master of Arts from Wesleyan University in 1875; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth Con gress. Jones, John "W.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1845; was Speaker of the House of Representatives during the Twenty-eighth Congress; was an eminent politician. Died January 29, 1848. Jones, John "W. ; was born on Rock Creek, Mont gomery County, Maryland, April 14, 1806; when quite young removed, with his father, to Kentucky, where he received a good English and classical edu cation at the Carlisle Seminary; as his health would permit, he devoted himself to the study of medicine, attended lectures at the Pennsylvania Academy, and from Jefferson College received the degree of Doctor of Medicine; in 1840 was elected to the Georgia Leg islature; was a Representative in Congress from Geor gia from 1847 to 1849; in 1849 removed to Alabama, and devoted himself to agriculture; returning to Georgia, was appointed a Medical Professor in the Atlantic Medical College. Jones, Joseph ; was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and. again from 1780 to 1783. 272 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Jones, J. M.; was an early emigrant to California; in 1851 was appointed United States Judge for the Southern District of California, residing at Los An geles. Jones, J. Russell; was a citizen of Illinois; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Belgium; on his return to the United States, was, in 1875, ap pointed Collector of Customs at Chicago. Jones, Morgan ; was born in New York City, February 26, 1832; was educated at the School of St. James Chdrch in New York ; early took an in terest in machinery and the business of a machinist; subsequently adopted the business of a plumber, fol lowing the same within four hundred feet of the spot where he was born ; in 1858 was elected a City Coun cilman for New York, and, having been four times re-elected, served as President of the Board for three years; was subsequently elected to the Board of Aldermen and made President of that body; in 1864 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Jones, Nathaniel ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1828; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1852 and 1853; also held the offices of Surveyor-General of the State, and Canal Commis sioner. Died at Newburg, New York, July 21, 1866. Jones, Noble Wimberly ; was born near Lon don, England, in 1724; removed with his father, Dr. Noble Jones, to Georgia, and was associated with him in the practice of medicine at Savannah, from 1748 to 1756; held a military commission at an early age; was a member of the Assembly in 1761, and subse quently, being several times Speaker ; was a leading patriot in 1774; corresponded with Franklin, the agent of Georgia, in England; was Speaker of the first Georgia Legislature; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1776, and from 1781 to 1783; lost a son at the capture of Savannah in 1778; was himself made prisoner at the fall of Charleston, in 1780, and carried to St. Augustine; was exchanged July, 1781; practiced medicine in Philadelphia until December, 1782, when he re turned to Georgia, and was again a member of the Assembly; practiced in Charleston from December, 1783, to December, 1788, after which he lived in Savannah; was President of the Convention which revised the State Constitution, in 1795. Died in Sa vannah, January 9, 1805. Jones, Obadiah ; was appointed, by President Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the Ter ritory of Mississippi; served one year as Territorial Judge for Illinois, in 1809; was re-appointed to the same position in Mississippi, in 1810; when the State Government was established, was appointed United States Judge for that District, but only held the office a short time. Jones, Owen ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by profession ; was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native State. Jones, Phineas ; was born at Spencer, Massa chusetts, April 18, 1819; received an academic edu cation; was a farmer and merchant; in 1855 removed to Elizabeth Port, New Jersey, and engaged in man ufacturing; served two years in the City Council of Elizabeth; in 1860 removed to Newark, New Jersey, and entered largely into the business of manufactur ing; was President of the State Agricultural Society; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1674 and 1875; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty -seventh Congress. Jones, Roland; Avas born in North Carolina; was a Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty- third Congress. Jones, Samuel ; spent the early years of his life as a sailor; afterwards studied law; was admitted to the bar in New York City, and acquired a lucrative practice; his office was sought by law students, among whom was De Witt Clinton; filled many im portant public positions; in 1778 was a member of the Convention which adopted the Federal Constitu tion, and drew up most of the amendments; was Chief Justice of New York, and called the "Father of the New York Bar ; removed to his farm at Rye Neck, where he spent the latter years of his life in retirement, and wrote his various productions. Died in 1819. Jones, Seaborn ; was born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1788; entered Princeton College, but was obliged to leave before graduating, on account of his father s failure in business; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-first year by special act of the Legisla ture; was made Solicitor-General of the State in 1823; was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and from 1845 to 1847. Died in Columbus, Georgia, in 1874. He was a distinguished lawyer 1 or fifty years. Jones, Thomas Laurens ; was born in Ruth erford County, North Carolina, January 22, 1819; graduated in the preparatory school at Columbia, South Carolina, and at Princeton, New Jersey; took the degree of LL.B. in the Law School of Harvard University; traveled ten years in Europe; on his re turn was admitted to the bar at Charleston in 1846; removed to New York City to practice in 1847; sub sequently settled in Newport, Kentucky; was a mem ber ot the General Assembly of that State in 1853- and 1854; was a Delegate to many State and National Conventions; was elected to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Railways and Canals. Jones, "Walter ; was born in Virginia in 1745; graduated at William and Mary College in 1760; studied medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland, and re ceived the degree of M. D. ; on his return to Vir ginia settled in Northumberland and became emi nent as a scholar and physician; in 1777 was ap pointed by Congress Physician-General of the hospital in the middle department; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1811; was at one time a "Free Think er," but his views were subsequently entirely changed, and he embraced the Christian faith, after which he wrote a lengthy volume denouncing his former belief, and stating with great clearness the grounds upon which he did so; this was done for the satisfaction of his own conscience and the gratifica tion of his children. Died in Westmoreland County, Virginia, December 31, 1 (_"..">. Jones, William; was born in Philadelphia; took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle; fought at Trenton and Princeton as a volunteer, and served on several vessels; was a Lieutenant under Commodore Truxton; was twice wounded and twice made prisoner; in 1790 settled in Charleston, South Carolina, whence he returned to Philadelphia in, 1793; was a Representative in Congress from Penn- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 273 sylvania from 1801 to 1803; was, for a short time, Secretary of the Navy under President Madison; was President of the Bank of the United States, Collec tor of Customs at Philadelphia, and for twenty-six years was a member of the American Philosophical Society, before which he read many valuable com munications, which were published. Died at Beth lehem, Pennsylvania, in 1831. Jones, William ; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1754; was a carpenter in his youth; en tered the army in 1775 as a Captain in Colonel Lip- pitt s Rhode Island Regiment; afterward commanded a marine corps in one of the national frigates; was made prisoner at Charleston, South Carolina; after the war was a merchant in Providence until his death; was, for several years, a Representative from Provi dence in the Assembly, and also Speaker of that body; was Governor of Rhode Island from 1811 to 1817. Died at Providence, April 9, 1822. Jones, William G.; was a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Alabama. Jones, William T.; was born in Corydon, Indi ana, February 20, 1842; received his education at the Miami University, Ohio; studied law; served in the army as Lieutenant, Captain, and Major of the Sev enteenth Indiana Volunteers; was Presidential Elec tor in 1868; was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming, April 6, 1869; was elected a Delegate from Wyoming Territory to the Forty-second Congress. Jones, Willie ; was a brother of Allan Jones; was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the State Constitution of North Carolina in 1776, and drew up the instrument which was adopted; was President of the Committee of Safety in 1775; Dele gate to the House of Commons of North Carolina from 1776 to 1778; Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1780 and 1781 ; was elected a member of the Federal Constitutional Convention, but declined; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention which rejected the United States Constitution in 1788. Died near Raleigh, North Carolina. Jordan, Conrad N. ; was born in New York City, April 20, 1830; received his education in pri vate schools, which he attended until he reached the age of thirteen years; then entered a printing office as office boy; learned the art of printing and fol lowed the occupation of a compositor until his twenty-second year; in the latter part of the year 1852, secured a position in the Hanover Bank, of New York City, as clerk; rose rapidly through the intermediate grades to the post of Cashier; served in this capacity in several different banks in the City of New York; in 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Treasurer of the United States at Wash ington. Jordan, Isaac M.; was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, May 5, 1835; removed to Ohio when a youth: received a classical education, graduating from Miami University, Ohio, in 1857; studied law in Dayton, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; engaged in the practice of law; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and continued the practice of his profession; was nominated by acclamation, and elect ed a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-eighth Congress ; had never before been a candidate for office. Jordon, Dillon ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Florida; in 1838 was appointed a United States Judge for that district. 18 Jordon, Edward; was born in New York; in 1861 was appointed from Ohio the Solicitor of the United States Treasury, which position he held until 1869. Jorgenson, Joseph ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 11, 1844; graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Penn sylvania; was an Assistant Surgeon in the United States Army from 1865 to 1868; settled in Virginia; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1871 ; was Postmaster of Petersburg, Virginia; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Joseph, Antonio ; was born at Taos, New Mex ico, August 25, 1846; received his early education at Lux s Academy, in Taos, and attended Bishop Lam- my s School, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, for two years; afterwards attended Webster College, in Saint Louis County, Missouri, for four years, completing a com mercial course at Bryant & Stratton s Commercial College, in Saint Louis, Missouri; engaged in mer cantile pursuits at Ojo Caliente, New Mexico; was County Judge of Taos County, New Mexico, for six years; was a Representative in the Territorial Legis lature for six years; was a Senator in the Territorial Legislature when elected a Delegate from New Mex ico to the Forty-ninth Congress. Joslyn, M. L.; was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior in July, 1882. Joyce, Charles Herbert ; was born near An- dover, Hampshire County, England, January 30, 1830; emigrated to the United States, with his par ents, in 1836, and settled in Washington County, Vermont; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852, and began to practice at Northfield; was State Librarian in 1855 and 1856; County Attorney in 1856 and 1857; commissioned Major of Second Ver mont Infantry (three-years men) in 1861, and pro moted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1862; resumed the practice of law at Rutland after his service in the army; was a member of the Legislature in 1869, 1870 and 1871; was Speaker during the latter term; was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Judd, Norman B.; was born in Rome, Oneida County, New York, January 10, 1815; educated at the Grammar School of that town; studied law, and removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1836; became an Alderman in the City Council ; was also City Attor ney, Notary Public, and County Attorney; was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1844 until 1860; was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister Pleni potentiary to Prussia in 1861, and held the office until 1865; in 1866 was elected a Representative, from Illi nois, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Banking and Currency, and Weights and Measures ; subsequently appointed Collector of Cus toms at Chicago. Judson, Andrew T.; was born at Eastford, Connecticut, November 29, 1784; his education was obtained at the common schools, and under the in structions of his father and brother; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806, when he removed to Montpelier, Vermont, and practiced in that State; afterwards returned to his native town, and in 1809 went to Canterbury, which he made his permanent residence; in 1819 received the appointment of State s Attorney for Windham County, which office he held for fourteen years; was at different times a member 274 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. of both branches of the Legislature; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1835 to 1839, when he wa* elected Judge of the District Court, and continued in that position until his death; in October, 1850, was designated, by the Circuit Judge cf the Second Cir cuit, to hold the Courts of the United States in the Southern District of New York during the illness ol the distinguished Judge of that district, and oiliciated at the trial of Mr. O Sullivan, and others, for the at tempted Cuban invasion. Among the causes which we re brought before him for adjudication was the libel suit of the Amistad and the fifty -four Africans on board. Died at his home, March 17, 1853. Julian, George "W.; was born in Ccntreville, "Wayne County, Indiana, May 5, 1817; received a good common school education ; spent three years as school-teacher; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840; in 1845 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana; was a Delegate to the "Buffalo Conven tion " of 1848; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1849 to 1851; in 1852 was nominated by the " Pittsburg Convention " for the office of Vice- President of the United States, on the ticket with J. P. Hale for President; in 1856 was Vice-President of the " Republican Convention " held at Pittsburg; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, on Public Expenditures, and the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the "War; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress; was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again at the head of the Public Lands Committee, and on that on Expenses in the Navy Department; was also a member of the National Committee ap pointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional Committees on the Assas sination of President Lincoln, and Education and Labor. Junkin, Benjamin T.; was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1822; educated at Fayette College; studied law at Carlisle, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; was elected District At torney for Perry County in 1850, and held the office three years; was elected from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Kalbfleisch, Martin; -was born in Flushing, Netherlands, February 6, 1804; received a common school education, and adopted the profession of a, chemist; came to the United States early in life, and his first public position was that of Health Warden in New York City in 1832; in 1836 was Trustee of one of the common schools in New York; in 1852 and the two succeeding years was Supervisor of the town of Bushwick, Kings County; in 1854 was appointed President of a Board of Commissioners for consolidat ing the cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, and Bush- wick; in 1855 was elected an Alderman of Brooklyn, and, having been re-elected, was President of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 1861; during the latter year was elected Mayor of Brooklyn; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the Treasury Department; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention " of 18(J6; in 1867 was again elected Mayor of Brooklyn. Died in Brooklyn, February 12, 1873. i Kane, Elias K.; was born in New York State about the year 1795; was bred to the legal profession; at an early period of his life he went to Tennessee, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, in Illinois Terri tory, in 1815; in 1818 was a member of the Conven tion for framing a State Constitution, and, when that Government was organized, was appointed Sec retary of State; was subsequently elected a member of the Legislature; from 18:25 to 1835 was a Senator in Congress from Illinois, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Died at Washington, District of Columbia. December 12, 1835. Kane, John K.; was born in Albany, New York, in 1795; graduated at Yale College in 1814; studied law, and settled in Philadelphia; in 183:2 was one ol a Board of Commissioners to settle certain claims with France; in 1845 was chosen Attorney-General of Pennsylvania; in 1846 resigned to accept the position of United States District Judge for the State of Penn sylvania; was a man of high culture, and President of the American Philosophical Society. Died in Philadelphia, February 21, 1858. Kasson, John A.; was born near Burlington, Vermont, January 11, 1822; graduated at the Uni versity of Vermont in 1842; studied law in Massa chusetts; practiced the profession in St. Louis, Mis souri, until 1857, when he removed to Iowa; in 1858 was appointed a Commissioner to report upon the condition of the Executive Departments of lo wa in 1859 assisted in organizing the State Bank of Iowa, and became Director for the State; in 1861 was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, which office he resigned, in 1862, when elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means;dur- ing the summer of 1863 was appointed, by President. Lincoln, a Commissioner to the International Postal Congress at Paris, returning in August; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Coinage, Weights and Measures; retiring from Congress in 1867, was appointed a Special Com missioner to Europe for the Post Office Department and on his return was elected to the Legislature of Iowa for several years; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses; was United States Minister to Austria-Hungary from 1877 to 1881; was elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Kaufman, David S.; was born in Cumberland Pennsylvania, in 1813; graduated at Princeton Col lege, in 1833; not long after removed to Natchez Mississippi, and read law in the office of General Quitman; in 1835 settled in Natchitoches, Louisiana- in 1837 emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Texas; in 1838 was elected a Representative in the Texan Congress- was twice re-elected, and twice chosen Speaker of the House; in 1843 was elected to the Senate, and from the Committee on Foreign Relations, in 1844 pre sented a report in favor of annexation, and took an active part in its consummation; in 1845 was ap pointed Charge to this government, but that office was superseded by the final act of annexation, and he was elected one of the first members of the House of Representatives from Texas, serving from 1846 to f&l. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 13, 1851. Kavanag-h, Edward ; was born April 27 1795- adopted the profession of the law; was a member of he Maine Legislature in 1826, 1828, 1842 and 1843- Secretary of the State Senate in 1830; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1831 to 1835, when he was BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 275 appointed Charge d 1 Affaires to Portugal, where he re mained until 1841; in 1842 was a Commissioner for settling the Northeast Boundary; was Acting Gov ernor of Maine from 1843 to 1844, and for a short time President of the State Senate. Died at Newcastle, Maine, January 20, 1844. Kean, John ; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787. Kean, John, Jr.; was born at Ursino, Union County, New Jersey, December 4, 1852; graduated at the Law School of Columbia College; was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in 1877; engaged in banking, mining, and manufacturing pursuits; settled in Elizabeth, New Jersey; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-eighth Congress. Kearney, Dyre ; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. Keese, Richard ; was born in Peru, Clinton County, New York, November 23, 1794; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829; subsequently settled in Pennsylvania. Kehr, Edward C.; was born in St. Louis, Missouri, November 5, 1837; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in St. Louis in 1858; in 1873 was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Forty -fourth Congress, never before having held any public office. Keifer, J. "Warren ; was born in Clark County, Ohio, January 30, 1836; was educated in the com mon schools and at Antioch College; studied law; was admitted to practice at Springfield, Ohio, in 1858; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General and Brevet Major- General; resumed the practice of law; in 1866 was tendered the commission of Lieutenant -Colonel, United States Army, but declined; was a State Senator in 1868 and 1869; Trustee of the Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home from 1870 to 1878; Trustee of Antioch College for a number of years; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses, serving as Speaker in the latter Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Keightley, Edwin William ; was born in La Grange County, Indiana, August 7, 1843; received a common school education, and attended the Val paraiso Collegiate Institute one year; graduated from the Law Department of the University of Michi gan in 1865, and commenced the practice of law in Saint Joseph s County, Michigan; in 1872 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for two years; was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit; was elected to the same position in 1875, for the term of six years; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty -fifth Congress; in May, 1879, was ap pointed Third Auditor of the United States Treas ury. Kelly, A. M.; was born in Virginia; resided in Richmond; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Richmond; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Italy ; did not enter upon the discharge of his duties for clerical reasons; in April, of the same year, was appointed Minister to Austria, but the same objections were raised as in the case of Italy, and he was recalled. Keim, George May; was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, March 23, 1805; was educated at Princeton College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1826; soon alter became Cashier of the Farmers Bank at Reading; in 1829 became interested in the navigation and railroad interests of his District; be came a prominent official among the Masons; took an interest in military affairs, and became a Major-Gen- eral of Militia; was an earnest student of geology and Indian history, and collections that he made were donated to public institutions, including the Smithsonian Institution; in 1835 became the head of a firm which established an extensive rolling-mill; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven tion of 1837; in that year was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy, and was twice re-elected; in 1842 he presided at a Congressional dinner given to Charles Dickens in Washington; was himself a writer of verses; by President Taylor was appointed Marshal of Eastern Pennsylvania, and re-appointed by Presi dent Polk; in 1847 was made President of the " Lib erty Union"; was one of the Managers of the Phila delphia Art Union; in 1852 was elected Mayor of Reading; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; took an interest in raising troops for the Rebellion. Died suddenly, June 10, 1861, while drilling a company for the war. Keim, William High; was born near Read ing, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1813, was educated at the Mount Airy Military School ; rose by regular de grees to the rank of Major-General of Militia; in 1848 was elected Mayor of Reading; in 1859 was elected a Representative in Congress; was also Surveyor- General of the State; was placed in command of a Division of the Volunteer Army in 1861; after a cam paign on the Upper Potomac was appointed a Brig adier-General in the Regular Army; served with honor in the Army of the Potomac. Died at Harris- burg, May 18, 1862, of typhoid fever, contracted while in command of his brigade on the Peninsula. Keitt, Lawrence M.; was born in Orangeburg District, South Carolina, October 4, 1824; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1843; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1845; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848; in 1853 was elected to a seat in the National House of Representatives; was consecutively re-elected until December, 1860, when he resigned, serving in the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; just before leaving Congress was elected to the Seceding Convention of South Carolina, and sub sequently took an active part in the great Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Congress; was killed in battle, in Virginia, June, 1864. Kelley, William D.; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1814; received a good En glish education; commenced life as a reader in a printing-office; spent seven years as an apprentice in a jewelry establishment; removed to Boston and fol lowed his trade there for four years, devoting some attention to literary matters; returned to Philadel phia, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; held the office of Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas in Philadelphia for some years; in addi tion to his many political speeches, a number of lit erary addresses have been published from his pen; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expenditures on Public Buildings; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri culture, and on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on 276 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Library, Naval Affairs, and on Freedmen; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 186(i; was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on old Committees and as Chairman of that on Weights and Measures; was re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Centennial Celebration; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-sev enth, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congress. Kellogg 1 , Charles ; was a native of Berkshire County, Massachusetts; served six years in the New York Assembly from Cayuga County; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827. Kellogg 1 , Francis "W.; was born in Washing ton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, May 30, 1810; received a limited education, and, having removed to Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering; served in the Legislature of Michigan; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-sev enth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and on Expenditures in the Post Office De partment; was also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Internal Revenue for Alabama, and was elected from that State to the Fortieth Con gress. Kellogg, Orlando ; was born in Elizabeth town, New York, June 18, 1809; studied law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1838; in 1840 was appointed Surrogate of Essex County, which office he held for four years; in 1846 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirtieth Congress; also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Manufactures, and on the Militia; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but died at Elizabethtown, August 24, 1865, before taking his seat. Kellogg, Stephen W.; was born in Shelburne, Massachusetts, April 5, 1822; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1846; studied law, and practiced at Nauga- tuck and Waterbury; was Judge of the New Haven County Court in 1854; Clerk of the State Senate in 1851; member of the State Senate in 1853, and of the State House of Representatives in 1856; elected Judge of Probate in 1854, and held the office six years; was a Delegate to the National Republican Conventions of 1860 and 1868; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, War Claims, and Chairman of that on Reform in the Civil Ser- Kellogg, William; was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, July 8, 1814; removed to Illinois in 1837; his education was obtained in the common schools of the country; studied law, and acquired an extensive practice in disputed land titles in Illinois; served in the State Legislature in 1849 and 1850; was three years Judge of the Circuit Court of Illinois; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee, and on the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee, and that on Government Expenditures; in 1864 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Min ister to Guatemala, and in 1866, by President John son, Chief Justice of Nebraska Territory. Kellogg, "William Pitt ; was born at Orwell, Vermont, December 8, 1831; removed to Illinois in 1848; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 and 1860, and a Dele gate to the Republican Conventions of those years; was appointed, by President Lincoln, Chief Justice of Nebraska, which position he resigned to take command of a cavalry regiment at the breaking out of the Rebellion of 1861; for his services in Southern Missouri and in the Corinth campaign, was made a Brigadier-General; left the army on account of im paired health; was appointed Collector of the Port of New Orleans; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Con- gressfrom Louisiana for the term ending in 1871, serv ing on the Committees on Commerce and Private Land Claims; was subsequently elected Governor of Louisiana, his right to be recognized as such having been contested with much bitterness between the political parties of the State; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1863, 1876, and 1880; was again elected to the United States Senate for the term of six years from March 4, 1877; in 1882 was elected a Representative to the Forty -eighth Con gress. Kelly, James ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Kelly, James K.; was born in Centre County, Pennsylvania, February 16, 1819; graduated at Princeton College in 1839; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842; went to California in 1849, and to Oregon in 1851; in 1852 was elected one of three commissioners to prepare a code of laws for that Territory, was a member of the Legislative Council from 1853 to 1857; a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Oregon in 1857; was a Senator in the State Legislature from 1860 to 1864; was appointed United States District Attorney for Oregon in 1860, but declined; in 1855 was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mounted Volunteers, and was engaged in the Yaki- ma Indian war in 1855 and 1856; was elected a Sen ator in Congress for the term commencing in 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Post Offices, Mines and Mining, and Military Affairs. Kelly, John; was born in the city of New York, April 21, 1821; was educated at the public schools in that city ; was by trade a mason ; was Alderman of the city for two years; was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; in October, 1858, was elected High Sheriff for the City and County of New York; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Died in New York City, June 1, 1886. Kelly, Milton; was born in New York; ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Idaho. This Judge has been incorrectly placed upon the records as Kellogg. Kelly, "William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana during the years 1821 and 1822, and a Senator in Congress .from 1822 to 1825. Kelsey, "William H.; was born in Smyrna, New York, October 2, 1812; adopted the profession of the law; in 1840 was appointed Surrogate of Livingston County; in 1850 District Attorney of the same Coun ty; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 277 on the Committee on Agriculture; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Accounts. Kelso, John R.; was born in Franklin County, Ohio, March 21, 1831; educated at Pleasant Ridge College, Missouri; was for a time the Principal of an academy; served through the war for the Union as a Lieutenant and Captain; in 1864 was elected a Rep resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Kemble, G-ouverneur ; was born in New York ; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Kemper, James L.; was born in Madison Coun ty, Virginia, in 1824; was educated at Washington College and at the Virginia Military Institute; be came a lawyer in 1846; served through the war with Mexico as a Captain ; served ten years in the Legisla ture of his native State; served as a Colonel, and be came a Major-General in the Confederate Army dur ing the Rebellion, having been wounded and left for dead on the field of battle at Gettysburg; in 1874 was elected Governor of Virginia. Kempshall, Thomas; was born in England; having emigrated to New York, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841; was one of the pioneers of Rochester, and died in that city, January 14, 1865. Kenan, Thomas ; was born in Duplin County, North Carolina, in 1771; in 1799 was a member of the House of Delegates; served in the State Senate in 1804; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1811 ; subsequently re moved to Alabama, where he served for many years in the Legislature of that State, but declined a re election to Congress. Died near Selma, October 22, 1843. Kendall, Amos ; was born in Dunstable, Massa chusetts, August 16, 1789; commenced his education while a farmer s boy at the academies of New Ipswich and Groton; taught school at North Reading; with the money thus obtained, entered Dartmouth Col lege, and graduated with honor; in 1811 commenced the study of law; in 1814 visited Washington City, and thence went to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was a tutor for one year in the family of Henry Clay; in 1816 was appointed Postmaster of Georgetown, Kentucky ; while practicing his profession edited a newspaper called the Argus, and for many years was a constant writer for the political press; became a Director in the Bank of the Commonwealth; in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, Fourth Aud itor of the Treasury; in May, 1835, was promoted to the position of Postmaster-General, in which position he continued under President Van Buren until May, 1840; subsequently took up his residence in Washing ton City ; soon after the claims of Professor Morse in regard to the telegraph had been recognized by Con gress, he became identified with the practical work ings of that invention; was also the founder of the Deaf and Dumb Institution in Washington, and at the cost of one hundred thousand dollars, built, as a memorial to his wife, the Calvary Baptist Church of Washington; in 1866 went to Europe on a tour of pleasure, extending his travels to the Holy Land; at the time of his death was engaged in writing a His tory of his Life and Times; was also the author of a Life of Andrew Jackson. Died in Washington, June 12, 1869. Kendall, Charles West ; was born in Sears- mont, Maine, April 22, 1828; was educated at Phil lips Academy, Massachusetts, and attended a par tial course at Yale College; studied law in Sacra mento, California, and practiced in Nevada; was a member of the Legislature of California in 1861 and 1862; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty- third Congresses from Nevada, serving on the Com mittees on Mines and Mining and Treasury Depart ment. Kendall, Jonas ; was born at Worcester, Massa chusetts, in 1757; obtained a finished education by his own unaided exertions; served thirteen years in the Legislature of Massachusetts; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, October 22, 1844. Kendall, Joseph G.; was born in 1788; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1810; was a tutor there from 1812 to 1819; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1829 to 1833; was then appointed Clerk of the State Courts. Died at Worcester, Massachusetts, October 2, 1847. Kenna, John E.; was born at Valcoulon, Vir ginia (now West Virginia), April 10, 1848; served in the Confederate Army during the War of the Rebel lion; afterwards attended St. Vincent s College, at Wheeling, West Virginia; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1870; was Prosecuting Attorney from 1872 to 1877; was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-sev enth, and Forty-eighth Congresses; resigned in 1883 to take his seat as a Senator of the United States from West Virginia for the term of six years from March 4, 1883. Kennedy, Andrew; was born in Ohio in 1810; was bred a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen could neither read nor write; subsequently studied law; was a member of the State Senate of Indiana; represented that State in Congress 1841 to 1847. Died at Muncietown, Indiana, December 31, 1847. Kennedy, Anthony; was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1811 ; when ten years of age removed to Virginia; was educated at Jefferson Academy, Charles- town, Virginia; studied law, but abandoned it, and subsequently engaged in the manufacture of cotton, and in planting; was a member of the Legislature of Virginia from 1839 to 1843; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress from Virginia; removed to Baltimore in 1850; was elected to the Maryland Leg islature in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Ways and Means; was elected to the United States Senate for six years from March 4, 1857, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims and on the District of Columbia. Kennedy, James K.; was an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wash ington. Kennedy, John P.;. was born in Baltimore, October, 1795; studied law, and practiced in that city until 1838; was a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1820, 1822, and 1846; was Speaker in the latter year; was Secretary of Legation to Chili in 1823; in 1838 was elected to the House of Represent atives in the Federal Legislature, and served in that body through the Twenty -fifth, Twenty-seventh, and Twenty -eighth Congresses; his last national position was that of Secretary of the Navy, under President Fillmore; in 1849 was chosen by the Regents of the University of Maryland to preside over that institu- 278 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. tion as Provost; among his various political tracts, speeches, reports, and addresses, which have been published, are "A Review of Mr. Cambreling s Free Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," in 1830; "The Memorial of the Permanent Committee of the New York Convention of Friends of Domestic Industry," in 1833; an elaborate report on "The Commerce and Navigation of the United States, by the Committee of Commerce" (of which Mr. Kennedy was Chairman), in 1842; and a report from the same Committee on "T.he Warehouse .System," in 1843; besides these, he published several pamphlets and tracts, in defense of the protective system; in the field of general literature he is known to the public as the author of "Swallow Barn; a Sojourn in the Old Dominion," " Horseshoe Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," "Quod Libet," "Memoirs of the Life of William Wirt, late Attorney- General of the United States," sundry historical, biographical and literary discourses, essays and re views, which have not yet been collected into volumes; he was an active member of the Historical Society of Maryland, and for a long time its Vice- President. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, in August, 1870. Kennedy, Joseph C. &. , was born atMeadville, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1813; was educated at Alle gheny College, Pennsylvania; read law; at an early age became the owner of two newspapers; in 1849 was appointed Secretary of the United States Census Board; drafted the bill for the establishment of the Census Bureau, which was passed by Congress, and was appointed the first Superintendent of the Bureau, conducting the collection of statistics of the Seventh Census; in 1851 was commissioned to visit Europe in the interest of statistics and cheap postage; was a member of the International Statistical Con gress held at Brussels and Paris; in 1850 was Secre tary of the United States Commission to the W orld s Fair at London, England; was again at the head of the Census Bureau in I860; was a Commissioner to the International Exhibition of 18G1 ; was Corre sponding Secretary of the National Institute, and of the United States Agricultural Society, and Editor of the journal of the latter; was a member of the Statistical Board of Belgium; of the Geographical Society of Prussia; of the Statistical Societies of France, England, and Ireland, and of other European and American associations; in 1860 was presented, by the King of Denmark, with a gold medal for his services in statistics; in 1867 received the degree of LL.D. Kennedy, "William; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1803 to 1805 from 1809 to 1811, and from 1813 to 1815. Kennett, Luther M.; was born in Fal mouth, Pendleton County, Kentucky, Marcli 15, 1807; re ceived a good English and classical education; was, for a number of years, Deputy Clerk of Pendleton and Campbell Counties; studied law; in 1825 re moved to Missouri, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits; having settled in St. Louis in 1842, was elected to the Councils of that city; in 1849 was Chairman of the " Pacific Railroad Convention," held in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice- President of the company formed for commencing the work; in 1850 was elected Mayor of St. Louis, and re-elected in 1851 and 1852; in 1853 was elected President of the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Missouri (St. Louis Dis trict) from 1855 to 1857. Kennon, William ; was born in Pennsylvania; emigrated to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1849. Kent, Edward ; was born in Concord, New Hampshire, January 8, 1802; graduated at Harvard University in 1821; studied law and attended a course of lectures by Chancellor Kent in New York; settled in practice atBangor, Maine, in 1825, and be came eminent in his profession; in 1827 was appoint ed Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions for Penob- scot County; from 1829 to 1833 was a member of the Legislature; was afterwards Mayor of Bangor for two years; was Governor of Maine from 1838 to 1840; in 1843 was appointed by the Legislature one of the Commissioners for settling the Maine boun dary line under the Ashburton Treaty; in 1848 was a Delegate to the Convention which nominated Gen eral Taylor, and was appointed by him, upon his elevation to the Presidency, Consul to Rio Janeiro; in the spring of 1854 returned to Bangor and resumed his profession; in 1859 was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine; in 1855 re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Wat. College. Kent, Joseph; was born in 1779 in Calvert County, Maryland; was educated for a physician, and combined the practice of his profession with the pur suits of agriculture; was a Representative in Con gress from his native State from 1811 to 1815, and from 1821 to 1826; Governor of Maryland from 1H2(> to 1829; United States Senator from 1833 to 1837. Died near his residence in the vicinity of Bladens- burg, Maryland, November 24, 1839. Kent, Moss ; was the father of James Kent : was a member of the New York Assembly in 1807 and 1810, from Jefferson County; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1817. Kent, William ; was born in 1802 and was the son of James Kent; was for many years, a success ful lawyer in New York City, and a Judge of the Circuit Court; for a short time was a Professor in Harvard University. Died at Fishkill, New York, January 4, 1861. Kenyon, William S.; was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Ker, David ; was an early emigrant to the Ter ritory of Mississippi, and in 1802 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that Territory. Kernan, Francis ; was born in Steuben County, New York, January 14, 1816; received his educa tion at the Georgetown College, District of Colum bia; adopted and practiced the profession of law; held, for a time, the office of Reporter of the Court of Appeals; served in the State Legislature; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; was a Regent of the University of Utica; a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. and the National Convention held in New York in 1868; was subsequently elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1875, serv ing on the Committees on Finance and Patents. Kerr, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Kerr, John; was born in North Carolina; re ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profes sion of the law; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1853 to 1855; was subse quently elected to the House of Commons of that State. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 279 Kerr, John Bozman ; was born at Eastern, Tal bot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809; graduated a Harvard University in 1830; studied law at Easton and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was a membe of the General Assembly of Maryland from 1836 t 1838; from 1847 to 1849 acted as Deputy for the At torney-General of Maryland for Talbot County; from 1849 to 1851 was a Representative in Congress, anc at the end of the session was appointed, by Presides Fillmore, Charge d Affaires to the Republic of Nica ragua; during the Revolution of 1851 had the gooc fortune, as the National Representative in Centra America, to bring about an armistice, and was instru mental in saving the lives of leading officers of the revolutionary party, for which he received a forma expression of thanks from the Executive on leavinj the country; in 1853 the Congress of the United State; voted him an extra sum for services in Centra America; in 1854 resumed the practice of his profes sion in the city of Baltimore; subsequently held an office under the Attorney-General in Washington, after which he was appointed Deputy Solicitor of the Court of Claims. He was the son of J. L. Kerr. Kerr, John L.; was born at Greenbury Point, near Annapolis, Maryland, January 15, 1780; gradu ated at St. John s College in 1799, studied law with John Leeds Bozman, and practiced the profession with success; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833; was a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1843; was a member of the " National Convention" held at Harrisburg in 1839; was at the head of the electoral ticket for President during the same year; before en tering Congress was the Agent of Maryland in the prosecution of militia claims against the United States. Died at his homestead, in Maryland, Feb ruary 21, 1844. Kerr, Joseph ; was a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, having succeeded Thomas \Vorthingtou. Kerr, Michael C.; was born near Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1827; was chiefly self-educated, but studied at several academies; for a time taught school; studied law in the University of Louisville, and received .the degree of Bachelor of Laws; after a brief residence in Ken tucky settled at New Albany, Indiana; in 1856 was elected for two years to the State Assembly; in 1862 was elected Reporter to the Supreme Court of the State, and published five volumes; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Accounts: Avas re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Roads and Canals; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on various important Committees, chiefly the Judi ciary; having been re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, was the choice- of his party for Speaker, and was duly elected. Died August 20, 1876. Kerrigan, James E.; was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, leaving his seat for a time to serve as Colonel of Vol unteers in the troubles of 1861. Kershaw, John ; was a native of South Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed, by President Madison, one of the three Commissioners to run the Creek boundary lines. Ketcham, John H.; was born in Dover, Dutch- ess County, New York, December 21, 1831; received an academic education; adopted the occupation of a farmer; was for two years Supervisor of his native town ; was a member of the Assembly in 1856 and 1857; of. the State Senate in 1860 and 1861; in 1862 entered the military service, and as Colonel of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York Volunteers served until January, 1865, when he was made a Brigadier-General by brevet, which position he re signed in March, 1865, having previously been elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress; served on the Committee on Military Affairs; was also one of the Representatives desig nated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and Military Affairs; also re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses, serving on various Committees; in 1874 was appointed one of the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, serving until 1877; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Con- resses. Ketchum, Winthrop W.; was born at Wilkes- jarre, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1820; was school teacher or eight years; was admitted to the bar in 1850; was ?rothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas of Lu- :erne County from 1855 to 1858; was a member of he House of Representatives of the State in 1859; State Senator in 1860, 1861, and 1862; was appointed Solicitor of the United States Court of Claims, by Mr. Lincoln, in 1865; held the office two years and esigned; was elected a Representative from Penn- iylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. Key, David M.; was born in Greene County, Tennessee, January 27, 1824; studied law, and was dmitted to practice in 1850; was a member of the state Constitutional Convention of 1870; was Chaii- ellor of the Third Chancery Division of the State rom 1870 to 1875, when he was appointed United itates Senator for the unexpired term of Andrew ohnson, deceased, serving until 1877; was Postnias- er-General in the Cabinet of President Hayes from 877 to 1880, when he resigned, and was appointed Jnited States District Judge for the Eastern and liddle Districts of Tennessee. Key, Philip; was born in St. Mary s County, Maryland, in 1750; received a classical and coinmer- ial education ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits; rved a number of years in the Legislature of Mary- and, and was for one or two terms Speaker; also ndered some service in the Municipal Courts of his ative county; was a Representative in Congress from laryland from 1791 to 1793. Died, in his native lace, in January, 1820. Key, Philip Barton ; was born in Cecil County, laryland, in 1765; was liberally educated; entered English Army as a Capta u, and Avhen the Revo- utionary War broke out refused to bear arms against e Colonies; had a small command, and did some rvice at Pensacola, Florida, where he was a hard ;udent; after the peace, returned to Maryland, where e took a high position as a lawyer; represented Vnnapolis in the State Legislature; was a Represent- tive in Congress from Maryland from 1807 to 1813. )ied at Georgetown, District of Columbia, July 28, 815. 230 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Keyes, Elias ; was born in Ashford, Connecti cut; was a member of the Legislature of Vermont, from Stockbridge County, for a period of eighteen years; from 1803 to 1818 was a State Councilor; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1821 to 1823. Kidder, David ; was born in Dresden, Lincoln County, Maine, December 8, 1787; received a classi cal education from private tutors; studied law, and settled in Somerset County, where he was County Attorney from 1811 to 1823; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1823 to 1827; a member of the State Legislature in 1829. Died November 1, 1860. Kidder, Jefferson P.; was born at Braintree, Vermont, in 1814 ; was educated at the common schools; graduated at the Norwich University ; studied and practiced law; was State Attorney from 1842 to 1847; a member of the State Constitutional Conven tion in 1843; of the State Senate in 1847 and 1848; Lieuteuant-Governor in 1853 and 1854; removed to Minnesota in 1857; was elected to the Legislature in 1860, 1862, and 1863; was a Provisional Delegate from Dakota Territory, while traveling there; was appointed an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Dakota in 1865, and removed there; was re-ap pointed in 1869, and again in 1873; after holding the position ten years, resigned on being elected a Dele gate from Dakota to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress; in 1883 was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota; died at St. Paul, Minnesota, October 2, 1883. Kidwell, Zedekiah ; was born in Fairfax Coun ty, Virginia, January 4, 1814; was educated by his father; studied medicine, and graduated at the Jef ferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1839; after practicing medicine some years, in 1848 commenced the study of law, and began to practice as a lawyer in 1849; served a number of years in the Legislature of Virginia; was a member of the "State Constitu tional Convention" in 1849; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1853 to 1857; in 1857 was elected one of three Commissioners to superintend the pub lic works for the State of Virginia, representing in that board the Third District. Died at Fairmount, April 27, 1872. Kilbourn, James ; was born in New Britain, Connecticut, October 19, 1770; while apprenticed as a farmer s boy received instruction in Latin and Greek and mathematics from the son of his employer; was next a mechanic, then a merchant and manufac turer; finally studied divinity, and became a clergy man of the Episcopal Church; in 1803 was instru mental in forming an emigrating colony to Central Ohio, called the " Scioto Company"; a town was soon organized, and named Worthington; in 1805 was appointed, by Congress, to the office of United States Surveyor of Public Lands; in 1806 was chosen by the Legislature a member of the Board of Trustees of Ohio College, at Athens; in 1812 was appointed, by the President, a Commissioner to settle the boundary between the Public Lands and the Virginia Reserva tion, and also commissioned as Colonel of the Fron tier Regiment; was one of the Commissioners for lo cating Miami University, and President of the Board of Trustees of Worthington College; from 1813 to 1817 was a Representative in Congress from Ohio; in 1823 was elected to the Ohio Legislature, serving on fourteen committees; was re-elected in 1838; subse quently devoted much attention to matters of state policy. Died in Worthington, Ohio, April 24, 1850. Kilgore, Daniel ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to 1839. Died in New York, December 12, 1851. Kilgore, David ; was born in Harrison County, Kentucky, April 3, 1804; removed, with his father, to Indiana, in 1819, and settled in Franklin County; received a common school education ; commenced the study of law in 1825, and was admitted to practice in 1830; removed to Delaware County: in 1833 was lected to the State Legislature, and served several years; in 1839 was elected by the Legislature Presi dent Judge of the Judicial Circuit in which he re sided, and held the office seven years; in 1850 was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of the State; in 1854 was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House; in 1856 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- ;ress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Treasury Department and that on the District of Columbia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Kille, Joseph ; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Killinger, John W. ; was born in Lebanon, Penn sylvania, September 25, 1825; graduated at Marshall College in 1843; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; was Attorney for Lebanon County until 1849; was elected to the House of Representatives of the State in 1850 and 1851 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1854, serving three years ; was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to Thirty-sixth, Thirty-sev enth, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws and Pacific Railroad; was also elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Kilpatrick, Judson; was born near Dicker- town, New Jersey, January 14, 1836; graduated at West Point in 1861; entered the First Artillery, and was wounded at Big Bethel, Virginia, in June, 1861; was Lieutenant-Colonel of New York Cavalry in Sep tember, 1861, and was at the Battle of Manassas; Colonel of Second New York Cavalry in 1862; Com mander of Cavalry in 1863, and was brevetted Major after the action at Aldie; was Commander of Cavalry in the Army of the Potomac, and in the Army of the Cumberland, and was wounded at Resaca in 1864; was severely wounded, and brevetted Colonel in the " March to the Sea "; was Captain of the Eighteenth Artillery in 1874; was brevetted Major-General for the capture of Fay etteville, North Carolina, in March, 1865; was Major-General of the United State.-; Army for campaign in the Carolinas; Major-General of Volunteers in June, 1865; was Minister to Chili from 1865 to 1870; was again appointed Minister to Chili in 1881. Died at Santiago, Chili, December C, 1331. Kilty, William ; settled in the city of Washing ton in 1800, and, in the following year was appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia. Kimball, Alanson M.; was born in Buxton, York County, Maine, March 12, 1827; received a common school and academic education; removed to the State of Wisconsin, and there became a member of the Legislature in 1863 and 1864; was by occupa tion a merchant; in 1864 was elected a Representa tive from Wisconsin to the Forty -fourth Congress. Kimball, James Putnam ; was born at Salem, Massachusetts, April 26, 1836; was prepared for col- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 281 lege at the Salem High School, and afterwards at tended successively Harvard University, the Uni versity of Friedrich \Vilhelm, at Berlin, Germany, George Augusta University, at Goettingen, and the School of Mines, at Freiberg, Saxony; in 1857 re ceived from George Augusta University the degrees of A. M. and Ph.D. ; returned from Europe in 1859, and became associated in the geological survey of the States of Wisconsin and Illinois; in 1860 was ap pointed Professor of Chemistry and Economic Geol ogy in the New York State Agricultural College, at Ovid, New York, now a part of Cornell University; in 1861 entered the Union Army as Assistant Adju tant-General, with the rank of Captain, and was assigned to duty as Chief of Staff under General Pat rick; was in all the principal engagements partici pated in by the Army of the Potomac until Decem ber, 1862, when ill-health compelled him to resign his commission and retire to civil life; in 1863 was brevetted Major for gallant conduct; settled in New York City as a geologist and mining engineer, and rapidly gained distinction; in 1873 accepted the Hon orary Professorship of Geology in Lehigh University, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and took up his resi dence in that place, still continuing his business re lations in New York City; became President of the Everett Iron Company; in June, 1885, was ap pointed, by President Cleveland, Director of the United States Mints. Kimball, Sumner I.; was born at Lebanon, Maine, September 2, 1834; received a classical edu cation, graduating from Bowdoin College in 1855; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1859; practiced his profession one year at North Ber wick, Maine, and one year at Boston, Massachusetts; in 1861 was appointed a first-class clerk in the office of the Second Auditor of the United States Treasury, at Washington; was promoted, through the succes sive grades, to the post of Chief Clerk, now desig nated Deputy Auditor; in 1871 was appointed Chief of the Revenue Marine Division, in the Secretary s office, in charge of the Revenue Cutter Service and the Life-Saving Stations; on the erection of the Life- Saving Service into a separate bureau, by act of Con gress, in 1878, was appointed, by the President, the General Superintendent of that service. Kimmell, William; was born in Baltimore, Maryland ; received a collegiate education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Baltimore; be came interested in agriculture, and was a Director in several railroad and commercial enterprises; was a member of the State Democratic Committee from 1862 to 1865; a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1864; was a State Senator from 1866 to 1871; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-tilth Congress; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Congress. Died December 28, 1886. Kincaid, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1829 to 1833. King, Adam ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1833. Died May 6, 1835. King, Andrew ; was born in Greenbrier Coun ty, Virginia, March 20, 1812; received a common school education; studied law, and settled in Mis souri; was elected to the State Senate in 1846; to the House of Representatives in 1858; was Judge of the Circuit Court from 1859 to 1864; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Freedmen s Affairs. King, Austin A.; was born in Sullivan Coun ty, Tennessee, September 20, 1801; received as good an education as the Country then afforded; studied law, and was licensed to practice on becoming of age; removed to Missouri in 1830; in 1834 was elected to the Missouri Legislature; was re-elected to the same position in 1836; in 1837 was appointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, which position he held until 1848, when he was elected Governor of Missouri, the term of that office expiring in 1853; in 1862 was again placed upon the bench in his old Circuit; dur ing that year was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Died in St. Louis, April 22, 1870. King, Cyrus; was born in Scarborough, Massa chusetts, September 6, 1772; graduated from Colum bia College in 1794; was Private Secretary to Senator Rufus King, his half brother, in 1796; studied law, and practiced twenty years in Saco; was a Major- General of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817. Died April 25, 1817. King, Daniel Putnam ; was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, in 1800; graduated at Harvard in 1823; at first contemplated the study of law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture; in 1836 and 1837 was a member of the Massachusetts Legis lature; in 1838 and 1839 was a member of the State Senate; in 1840 and 1841 was President of that body; was Speaker of the House in 1843; during that year was elected a Representative in Congress, and held that position until his death, which oc curred in Danvers, July 25, 1850. King, George O.; was born in Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 1825; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1849 to 1853; was Presidential Elector in 1849. Died at Newport, July 17, 1870. King, Henry ; was born in Hampden, Hamp shire County, Massachusetts; studied law atWilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania, and began practice at Allen- town, in the same State, about the year 1815; was a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania, when elected a Representative in the Twenty-second Congress; was re-elected to the Twenty-third Congress; separated from the Democratic party on the question of the re moval of the government deposits from the Bank of the United States; retired from political life, and re sumed the practice of law. Died July 13, 1861, aged seventy -one years. King, Horatio ; was born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, June 21, 1811; his grandfather and three uncles fought in the Revolution; received a good common school education; when quite young became identified, as printer and publisher, with a newspaper called The Jeffersonian, which was finally merged in The Eastern Argus; in 1839 settled in Washington City as a clerk in the Post Office Depart ment, where he continued, and received various pro motions; in 1850, became connected with the Foreign Mail Service, in which capacity he originated and perfected certain postal arrangements of great import ance; in 1854 was appointed First Assistant Post master-General, and in January, 1861, while acting as Postmaster-General, was questioned by a member of Congress, from South Carolina, in regard to the franking privilege, when, by his reply, he was the first officially to deny the power of a State to take itself out of the Union; from President Buchanan he received the appointment of Postmaster-General, 282 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. serving from the 12th of February until the 4th ot March 1861 ; during the existence of the Rebellion he was appointed one of a Board of Commissioners to carry out the Emancipation Law for the District o Columbia; also served gratuitously as Treasurer ot the Maine Soldiers Relief Association. King James; was born at Highwood, New Jersey in 1791; was taken to England by his father when American Minister, and was educated there; graduated at Harvard College m 1610; was an emi nent merchant and banker in New York City; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey trom 1849 to 1851. Died in Highwood, New Jersey, October 3, 1853. King, J. Floyd; was born near St. Mary s, Georgia, April 20, 1842; received a collegiate educa tion; entered the Confederate Army and served throughout the war, attaining the rank of Colonel ; removed to Louisiana, and became a planter, studied law; was appointed Brigadier-General of Militia; was elected Inspector of Levees, and President of the Board of School Directors of his District; also Trus tee of the University of the South; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-sixth, Forty -seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. King, John; was born in 1775; served in Con gress as a Representative from New York, from 1831 to 1833. Died at New Lebanon, New York, Septem ber 1, 1836. King, John A.; was born in New York, January 3, 1788; was educated at Harrow, England; was somewhat devoted to farming; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1819 to 1821; was again elected in 1832 and in 1840 from Queens County; in 1823 was elected to the State Senate; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851; was Governor of New York from 1856 to 1858: Kut us King, the diplomatist, was his father, and James G. King, of New Jersey, was his brother; was appointed Secretary of Legation at London in 1826, and, on the return of his father to the United States, acted as Charge <V Affaires; in 1859 was a Delegate to the "State Convention" held at Saratoga; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861; to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and to the State "Constitutional Convention " of 1867. Died at Jamaica, Long Island, July 7, 1867. He was de voted to farming, and President of the State Agri cultural Society for many years. King, John P.; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837. King, John W.; was an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wyoming. King, Perkins ; was born in New Marlborough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, January 12, 1784; removed to Greene County, New York, in 1802, and devoted himself to the legal profession; in 1826 was made Judge of Greene County; and held the position until 1850; served two terms in the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Died in Greene County, November 29, 1875, being then the oldest ex-Con gressman in the State of New York. King, Preston ; was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, October 14, 1806; graduated at Union College; studied law, and prac ticed the profession; during the administration ol Andrew Jackson he established and edited the St. Lawrence Republican; in 1834 was appointed Post master of Ogdensburg; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1835, 1836. 1837, and 1833; was ; a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1853; in 1857 was elected a Senator in Congress, which position he retained until 1863, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions; during his service in the Senate was Chairman of the National Repub lican Committee; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention" in 1864, and a Presidential Elector in the same year; in the summer of 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of the Port of New York. Was drowned in the harbor of New York. November 13, 1865, having, as it is supposed, whilein a fit of derangement, thrown himself overboard from a ferry-boat. On the day that his successor in the Custom House entered upon his duties, in May, 1866, the body of the deceased was picked up in the Hud son River, and was buried with suitable honors. King, Rufus ; was born in Scarborough, Maine, March 24, 1755; was educated at Dunimer Academy, in Newbury, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard L ollege in 1777; in 1778 was Aid-de-camp to Sulli van in his expedition against the British in Rhode Island; studied law and was admitted to the bar in Newbury port, Massachusetts, in 1780; was elected from that town to the State Legislature; in 1784 was elected a Delegate to Congress at Trenton, was a member of the State Convention of Massachusetts held in 1787; was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that in strument; removing to New York City in 1778, he was, in 1789, elected a Senator in Congress; was again elected to the same position in 1813, remaining in that capacity until 1825; at the close of his first term in the Senate he was appointed, by President Washington, Minister to England, where he remained through the whole of President Adams s term, and during two years of President Jetferson s term; in 1825 President John Quincy Adams again appointed him Minister to England, but bad health prevented him from entering upon his duties, and, returning home, he died at Jamaica, Long Island. April 29, 1827. As a statesman, diplomatist, and political writer, he displayed great ability, and was the author of many of the papers written on the British Treaty in 1794, over the signature of "Camilius. " As a man, he was universally respected and beloved. King, Rufus ; was born in New York City, Jan uary 26, 1814; graduated at West Point in 1833; after serving in the Engineer Corps and assisting in the building of Fortress Monroe; resigned his com mission and became an engineer on the Erie Rail way; was, for a time, connected with the Albany Evening Journal; edited the New York Daily Adi-er- tixcr; was appointed Adjutant-General of the State Militia; removed to Wisconsin and edited the Mil waukee Sentinel until 1861; was appointed Minister to Rome, but relinquished the position so that he might enter the army; commanded a division at Fredericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Yorktown and Fairfax; resigned in 1863 and was re-appointed to Rome, where he remained until 1867; he was the son of Charles King, of Columbia College, and grandson of Rufus King, the Senator. King, Rufus H.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857; was subsequently President of the New York State National Bank at Albany, and also of the Albany Insurance Company; a gentleman bearing the same name was appointed Minister to Rome. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. King 1 , Samuel W.; was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Rhode Isla d in 1839; soon became the Acting Governor, and from 1840 to 1843 was Gov ernor of the State by election. King-, T. Butler ; wr born in Hampden, Hamp- shire County, Massachusetts, August 27, 1804; was iducated at Westfield Academy; studied law and re moved to Georgia in 18?3, where he devoted himself to planting; in the years 1832, 1834, 1835, and 1837, was a member of the State Senate; was a Represent ative in Congress from Georgia from 1839 to 1843; again from 1845 to 1847, and for another term ending with 1849, serving much of the time on the Commit tee on Naval Affairs, in which he took special inter est; was also a member in 1833 of the " Milledgeville Convention," in 1836 of the " Macon Railroad Con vention, " and in 1840 of the " Young Men s Con vention " at Baltimore; besides serving as the Presi dent of various canal and railroad companies; subse quently became a resident of California, and was for two years Collector of the Port of San Francisco; returned to Georgia, and in 1859 was elected a Sena tor in the State Legislature; was identified with the great Rebellion as Commissioner to Europe. l)iedin Georgia, May 10, 1864. King 1 , William ; was born at Scarborough, Maine, February 9, 1768; removed to Topsham, aud then to Bath in 1800; was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature for some years; took a promi nent part in the Religious Freedom Act, and was the originator of the Betterment Act; advocated the separation of Maine and Massachusetts, which was effected in 1819; was President of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Maine, and was its first Governor in 1820 and 1821; was United States Commisssoner for the Adjustment of Spanish Claims from 1821 to 1824; was General of Militia and Col lector of Customs at Bath, from 1831 to 1834. Died at Bath, Maine, June 17, 1852. King-, William R.; was born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786; received a good education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1811 to 1816; resigned that position, and ac companied William Pinckney to Europe as Secre tary of Legation; on his return from Europe, settled in the Territoiy of Alabama, and devoted himself to planting; was a member of the Convention which formed the State Constitution of Alabama; in 1819 was elected a Senator in Congress from Alabama, where he continued until 1844, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, Commerce, and other important Committees; in that year was ap pointed Minister to France, and continued there two years; in 1846 was again elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until elected Vice-Presi dent of the United States in 1852. During the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty- first, and Thirty-second Congresses, he officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate, and as a presiding officer commanded universal respect. At the time of his election as Vice-President his health was feeble, and, when the time arrived for taking the Constitu tional oath of that office, he was in Cuba, and the oath was administered by the American Consul there. He returned to his plantation at Cahawba, Alabama, April 17, 1853, and died the following day. King, William S.; was born in Malone, New York, December 16, 1828; received a common school education; worked on a farm until his eighteenth year; then engaged in the insurance business; in 1852 began the publication, at Cooperstown, of a Free-soil paper called The True Democrat; in 1858 re moved to Minneapolis, in Minnesota, aud established The Riate Allan; was subsequently elected Postmaster of the National House of Representatives lor the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eight]], Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty -second Congresses; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-fourth Congress. King, Yelverton P.; was born in Greene Coun ty, Georgia, in 1794; studied law, and was admitted to the Ocrnulgee bar; in 1830 was made State Super intendent of Public Lands; was frequently elected to- the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1840; in 1850 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to New Granada, which office he resigned at the end of two years, on account of his health; was a member of the Georgia Constitutional Convention in 1865. Died in Greene County, August 5, 1868. King-sbury, William W.; was born in Towan- da, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1828; was self-educated; was bred a farmer; emigrated to Minnesota; in the year 1855 was elected a member of the Minnesota Legislature, and again in 1856; in 1857 was Delegate to the Convention for framing a Constitution for Minnesota; was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress. Kinkead, John H.; was Governor of Nevada from 1878 to 1883. Kinloch, Francis ; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Kinnard, George L.; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1837. Died at Cincinnati, November 26, 1838, from injuries re ceived on the 16th of that month on board the steam boat Flora, which exploded near that city. Kinney, John Fitch ; was born in New Haven, Osvvego County, New York, April 2, 1816; received an academic education; studied law; settled in Mary sville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice in 1837; in 1839 removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he practiced law until 1844, when he removed to Lee County, Iowa; held the office of Secretary of the Legislative Council for Iowa Territory, and also that of District Attorney; upon the admission of Iowa as a State, was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, holding the office two years, when he was elected to the same office by the Legis lature for six years; in 1853 was appointed, by Pres ident Pierce, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah, and went to that Territory in 1854; in 1857 removed to Nebraska Territory, and settled in the pratice of law; in 1860 was again appointed Chief Justice of Utah, holding that office until 1863, when, by a unanimous vote, he was elected a Delegate from Utah to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Kinney, "William B.; was a citizen of New- Jersey; was connected with the press of that State; in 1850 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Sardinia, where he remained until 1853. Kinsella, Thomas ; was born in Ireland in 1832; received a common school education; learned the trade of a printer, graduating as editor of the Brooklyn Eagle; held the local offices (in Brooklyn) of Water Commissioner and member of the Board of Educa tion; was nominated as Postmaster of that city in 1866, and again in 1867, by President Johnson, but was rejected by the Senate; was elected to the Forty- 284 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. second Congress from New York, serving; on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Died in Brook lyn, New York, February 11, 1884. Kinsey, Charles ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1817 to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821. Kinsey, James; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775, when he resigned his seat; was active in the cause of the Revolution, and was a member of the Committee of Correspondence for Burlington County; in 1789 was appointed Chief Justice of New Jersey. Died at Burlington, January 4, 1802, aged seventy years. Kinsley, Martin ; was born in Bridge water, Massachusetts, June 2, 1754; graduated at Harvard University in 1778, and studied medicine; performed some service in the Revolutionary War, and was chosen a Delegate to the Convention for forming the Constitution of his native State; served in the Legis lature of Massachusetts about thirty years; was also at different periods a member of the State Council, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and Judge of Probate; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821. Died June 20, 1835. Kirby, Bphraim ; was born in Litchfield, Con necticut, February 23, 1757; was a patriot of the Revolution, serving at the battle of Bunker Hill, and remained in active service until the Declaration of Independence; received thirteen wounds, seven of which were saber cuts on the head inflicted by a British soldier at Germantown, where he was left on the field for dead; at the close of the Revolution he contrived to obtain a classical education, and Yale College gave him the degree of M. A. ; studied law and was admitted to the bar; in 1789 published a volume of "Reports of the Decisions of the Superior Court and Court of Errors," which was the first of that character published in Connecticut, and proba bly in the United States; from 1791 to 1804 was a Representative in the Legislature; in 1801 was ap pointed, by President Jefferson, Supervisor of the Revenue; after the acquisition of Louisiana was ap pointed a Judge of the newly-organized Territory of Orleans. Died at Fort Stoddard, Mississippi, Octo ber 2, 1804. Kirk, Robert C.; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1862 was appointed Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation, remaining at Buenos Ayres until 1866; in 1869 was re-commissioned Minister Resident, and also accredited to Uruguay, returned to the United States in 1871. Kirker, Thomas ; was acting Governor of Ohio in 1807. Kirkland, Joseph ; was born in Old Norwich, Connecticut, in 1771; graduated at Yale College in 1790; removed to Utica, New York, and was the first Mayor of that city; served frequently in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823. Died at Utica January 26, 1844. Kirkpatrick, Littleton ; was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1815; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1843 to 1845; was also for five years Surrogate of the County of Middlesex. Died August 15, 1859. Kirkpatrick, William ; was born in Arnwell, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in November, 17(58; was educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1788; studied medicine, and was admitted to prac tice in 1795; in 1806 removed to Salina, New York, and became Superintendent of the Salt Springs; was a Representative in Congress from 1807 to 1809 from New York. Died of cholera at Salina, September 2, 1832. Kirk-wood, Samuel J.; was born in Harford County, Maryland, December 20, 1813; received an academic education in Washington City; in 1835 re moved to Ohio; studied law and came to the bar in 1843; for four years was Prosecuting Attorney of Richland County ; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention" of 1850; removed to Iowa in 1855; was elected to the Senate of that State in 1856; was Governor of Iowa from 1860 to 1864; in January, 1866, was elected a Senator in Congress from Iowa for the unexpired term of James Harlan, ending in March, 1867, and served on the Commit tees on Pensions and Public Lands; in 1875 was again elected Governor of Iowa; in January, 1876, was again elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1877 and ending in 1883; re signed in March, 1881, to become Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Garrield, serving in that position until 1882. Kirtland, Dorrance ; was born in New York; graduated at Yale College in 1789; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819. Kitchell, Aaron ; was born in Morris County, New Jersey; was a warm supporter of the Revolu tion; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 1799 to 1801 ; was a Senator in Congress from 1805 to 1809, when he resigned; was also a member of the State Legislature. Kitchen, Bethuel M.; was born in Berkeley County, West Virginia, March 21, 1812; received a common school education ; adopted the occupation of a farmer; in 1861 and 1862 was elected to the Legis lature of Virginia; in 1863 was elected a Represent ative from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat; in 1864 was elected to the Senate of West Virginia; in 1866 was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Expenses in the Treasury Department. j Kitchin, William H. ; was born in Lauderdale County, Alabama, December 22, 1837; removed, with his parents, to North Carolina, in 1841 ; re ceived a collegiate education; served in the Confed erate Army, and rose to the rank of Captain ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1869; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-sixth Congress. Kittera, John W.; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1776; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1801, when he was appointed United States District Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Kittera, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1826 to 1827. Kittredge, George W.; was born in New Hampshire; was a physician by profession; a mem ber of the Legislature in 1847, 1851, and 1852, orifici- ating as Speaker in 1852; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 285 Kleiner, John J.; was born in West Hanover. Pennsylvania, Februarys, 1845; while yet a child, removed, with his parents, to Medina, Ohio; there his time was divided between farm work and attend ing school; served in the Union Army during the Civil War; in 1868 removed to Evansville, Indiana: taught school until 1874; was elected a member of the City Council in 1873; was elected Mayor in 1874 for a term of three years; re-elected in 1877; was nominated for Congress in 1880, but was defeated; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Klingensmith, John, Jr.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that II .State from 1835 to 1839. Klotz, Robert ; was born in Northampton (now i Carbon) County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1819; if received a limited education; engaged in various i pursuits; in 1843 was elected Register and Recorder I of Carbon County; was a Lieutenant of Volunteers i in the war with Mexico: was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1848 and 1849; went to Kansas in 1855; was a member of the Topeka Constitutional Convention; Secretary of State under that organiza tion, and Brigadier-General under the Robinson gov ernment; returning to Pennsylvania, was elected Treasurer of Carbon County in 1859; was elected a Trustee of Lehigh University ; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Knapp, Anthony L.; was born in Middletown, ! Delaware County, New York, June 14, 1828; removed, i with his father, to Illinois in 18L.9; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849, settling in the town of Jersey ville; in 1858 was elected to the Senate of Illinois, attending the sessions of 1859 and 1861; in the latter year was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Knapp, Charles ; was born in Colchester, Dela ware County, New York, in 1797; was bred a farmer; was chiefly educated at home; taught school for a time; entered upon mercantile pursuits in 1825; was a member of the State Legislature in 1841 ; settled in the town of Deposit in 1848; organized the Deposit Bank in 1854, which in 1864 became a National Bank, of which he was President; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Public Expenditures, and Revolutionary Pensions. Knapp, Chauncey L.; was born in Berlin, Vermont, February 26, 1809; commenced active business life by serving an apprenticeship of seven years in a printing office in Mpntpelier; was elected Reporter for the Legislature in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and editor of the State Journal for some years; was elected Secretary of State in 1836, in which capacity h^ served four years; removing to Massachusetts was elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Senate in 1851; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories; to him was awarded the credit, while editing the Journal, of first nominating General Harrison for the Presidency, which resulted in his obtaining the electoral votes of Vermont four years before he was really elected; Mr. Knapp s tastes led him to the study of mechanics, and in all his public positions he paid particular attention to the mechanical interests of his constituents. Knapp, Joseph G.; w r as a citizen of Wisconsin, from which State he was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at Santa Fe. Knapp, Robert M.; was by profession a lawyer; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Revision of Laws; was also elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Knickei bocker, Herman ; was born in New York in 1780, and was a descendant, in the third generation, of one of the original emigrants to New York; early engaged in politics; was a member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, as a Federalist, but dur ing President Jackson s administration became a Democrat. Died in Williamsburg, New York, Jan uary 30, 1855. It was he to whom Irving playfully alluded in the preface to his "Knickerbocker" as my cousin the Congressman. Knight, Jonathan ; was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1787; removed, with his parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, Washington County; was chiefly self-educated, and became a school teacher and surveyor of lands; in 1816 was ap pointed, by the State Government, to make and re port a map of his county; served three years as County Commissioner; in 1827 was appointed a Com missioner to extend the National Road from Wheel ing through Ohio and Indiana to the eastern line of Illinois ; in 1822 was elected to the Legislature and served six years; in 1828 visited England to acquire a thorough knowledge of civil engineering, and on his return was appointed Chief Engineer on the Bal timore and Ohio Railroad; in 1854 was elected a Rep resentative in the Thirty-fourth Congress from Penn sylvania. Died in Washington County, November 22, 1858. Knight, Nehemiah; was a native of Rhode Island; a farmer by occupation ; a prominent politi cian of the Federal school; was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1808. Knight, Nehemiah R.; was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, December 31, 1780; was chiefly self- educated; at the age of twenty -two years was elected to the State Legislature; in 1805 was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Providence; in 1812 was chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served until 1817; was also for many years President of the Roger Williams Bank; was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1817, and re-elected in 1819 and 1820; was appointed, by President Madison, during the war with England, Collector of the port of Providence;, was a Senator in Congress from 1821 to 1841; in 1843 was a member of the State Constitutional Conven tion, after which he retired to private life. Died at Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1854. He was a man of sterling character, and a true patriot. Knott, A. Leo; was born at Baltimore, Mary land, in 1829; was educated at St. Mary s College, Baltimore; after graduation, tatight classics at St. Mary s College for a time; studied law; was admit ted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Baltimore; served twelve years as Prosecuting Attor ney of the City of Baltimore; in 1868 was elected a Representative in the Maryland Legislature; was a Delegate to several Democratic National Conventions; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, Second Assistant Postmaster-Generdl. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Knott, J. Proctor ; was bom in Marion County, Kentucky, August 29, 1830; received a good educa tion ; studied law ; removed to Missouri in 1850 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1858; resigned iu 1859; in 1860 was elected Attorney-General of the State; was a Delegate to the " Missouri Convention" of 1861; returned to his native State in 1862; in 1867 "was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining; re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on important Com mittees; in January, 1876, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses; declined a further re-nomination; in 1883 was elected Governor of Kentucky for a term of four years. Knowles, Hiram ; was born in Maine; removed to Iowa, from which State he was, in 1872, appointed uu Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Montana. Knowles, John P.; was born in Rhode Island; was a resident of Providence; in 1870 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Rhode Island. Knowlton, Ebenezer ; was born in New Hamp shire; was educated for the ministry; was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serv ing during his second year as Speaker; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Maine from 1855 to 1857. Knox, Henry; was born in Boston, July 25, 1750; received his education at the schools in that town; prior to the Revolution was made a Captain of an Independent Company of Militia in Boston, and, having had some experience, at the commencement of hostilities, was placed at the head of the Artillery; in 1776 the corps was increased to three regiments, and he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-Gen eral; was actively engaged during the whole contest, and after the capture of Cornwallis, in 1781, received the commission of Major-Gen eral; in March, 1785, was appointed Secretary of War, and after the adop tion of the Constitution, President Washington ap pointed him to the same office; in 1794 resigned the office and retired to private life, at which time President Washington assured him of his friendship, and declared him to have "deserved well of his country"; settled at Thomaston, Maine, where he died October 25, 1806. Knox, James ; was born in Canajoharie, Mont gomery County, New York, July 4, 1807; graduated at Yale College in 1830; studied law at Utica, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; in 1836 located at Knoxville, Illinois, giving his attention chiefly to mercantile and agricultural pursuits; in 1847 was a member of the "Constitutional Conven tion" of Illinois; in 1852 was elected a Representa tive in the Thirty-third Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress; he subsequently became blind and visited Europe with a view of recovering his sight. He manifested his love for learning by giving ten thousand dollars to Yale College, and the same amount to Hamilton College, for schools of Katural History, in connection with those institu tions. Knox, John Jay ; was born Knoxboro, Oneida County, New York, March 19, 1828; graduated at Hamilton College in 1849; from that year until 1862 was a private banker or an officer of a bank; in 1867 YT7s appointed Deputy Comptroller of the Currency; had charge of the Mint Coinage Correspondence of the Treasury Department; in 1870 his report on the mint service, together with a codification of the mint and coinage laws of the United States, with many important amendments, was submitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury; the bill which he proposed was subsequently passed with a few modi fications and is known as " The Coinage Act of 1873 " ; in 1872 was appointed Comptroller of the Currency; resigned in 1884. Knox, Samuel ; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, having successfully contested the seat occupied by F. P. Blair, Jr., taking his seat near the close of the first session. Koerner, Gustavius ; was a citizen of Illinois; in 1862 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, where he remained until 1864. Koontz, "William H.; was born in Somerset, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1830; received a common school education; adopted the profession of the law; was District Attorney for Somerset County for three years from 1853; was Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts of said County for three years from I860; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having successfully contested the seat of A. H. Coffroth, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees for the District of Columbia and Ex penditures in the Interior Department. Krebs, Jacob ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1826 to 1827. Krekel, Arnold ; was born in Germany, March 12, 1815; came to this country in 1832; was educated in the common schools of Germany and at St. Charles College, Missouri; studied law, and came to the bar in 1844; was elected to the State Legislature in 1852; was President of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of Missouri in 1865; in that year was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Missouri, residing in Jefferson City. Kremer, George ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania,, in 1775; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1829; he was noted in Congress as having replied in German to some sarcastic remarks by John Randolph, thereby turning the argument in his favor. Died in Union County, Pennsylvania, September 11, 1854. Kuhns, Joseph H; was born in Pennsylvania- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Kunkel, Jacob M.; was born in Frederick Maryland, July 23, 1822; graduated at the Univers ity of Virginia in 1843; studied law, and commenced practice in 1846; in 1850 was elected to the Mary land Senate for six years, but the change in the State Constitution cut short his term; was elected a Repre sentative from Maryland to the Thirty-fifth Congress serving as a member of the Committees on Revolt tionary Claims and Expenditures in the Treasury Department; was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts- was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention " of 1866. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 287 Kunkel, John C.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Thirty-fourth arid Thirty-filth Congresses from his native State, and served on the Committee on Claims. Kurtz, William H.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Kuykendall, Andrew Z.; was born in Gallatin County, Illinois, March 3, 1815; was chiefly self- educated; studied, adopted, and practiced the pro fession of law; from 1842 to 184G was a member of the Illinois Legislature, and in the State Senate from 1850 to 1H62; enlisted in the Thirty-first Regi ment of Illinois Infantry, as a volunteer in 18(J1, was elected Major, and served until 1862, when he resigned on account of his health; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on Mileage; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866. Lablanche, Alcee ; was born in Louisiana; in 1837 was appointed, by President Van Buren, Charge d Affaires to Texas, where he remained until 1840; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Lacey, Edward S.; was born at Chili, New York, November 26, 1835; removed to Michigan in 1842; was educated at the public schools and at Olivet College; engaged in various pursuits; was elected Register of Deeds in 1860, and re-elected in 1862; was a Trustee of the State Insane Asylum from 1874 to 1880; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was elected a Repre sentative from Michigan to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Lacey, John "W.; was born in Randolph County, Indiana, October 13, 1848; his early education was acquired in the local schools of his native county; enlisted in the Union Army at the breaking out of the Civil War, serving in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh and One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer Regiments, respectively, until its close; then entered college, graduating with special honors from Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw) Uni versity in 1871; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Marion, Indiana, in 1875, and engaged in the practice of law at that place; July 5, 1884, was ap pointed, by President Arthur, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming Territory. Lacock, Abner ; was born in Virginia in 1770; without the advantage of much early education, rose to eminence as a legislator, statesman, and civil ian; filled various public stations for a period of nearly forty years; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813, and United States Senator from 1813 to 1819. Died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1837. Lacy, Thomas J.; was an early emigrant to Arkansas; in 1834 was appointed a Judge for that Territory. Ladd, George "W.; was born at Augusta, Maine, September 28, 1818; received a good education; learned the business of an apothecary; at the age of twenty commenced business for himself at Bangor, Maine; was compelled to retire on account of ill- health; engaged in the lumber and commission busi ness and the wholesale grocery business; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty -sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. La Dow, George A.; was born in Cayugn County, New York, March 18, 1828, removed, with his parents, from Syracuse to McIIenry County. Illinois; received a common school education; com menced the study of law at the age of sixteen, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1850: removed to Wisconsin in 1851, and practiced his profession; in the same year was elected District Attorney, and held the oflice two years; removed to Minnesota in 1862, and practiced there; in 1867 was elected to the House of Representatives of that State: re-nominated the following year, but declined; set tled in Oregon in 1869; declined the nomination for State Senator in 1870; in 1872 was elected to the House of Representatives of Oregon, and held the office until 1874, when he was elected a Representa tive to the Forty-fourth Congress. Died in Oregon, in May, 1875. Laffoon, Polk ; was born in Hopkins County, Kentucky, October 24, 1844, his parents having removed there from South Carolina in 1801, when the State was a wilderness; was reared on a farm, working at hard labor until the breaking out of the Civil War, and enjoying only the meagre school facilities afforded by the country schools; being a close student, however, he was enabled to secure a good education; enlisted in the Eighth Kentucky Confederate Infantry in 1861, and was elected Second Lieutenant; was captured at Fort Donelson in Feb ruary, 1862, and was confined at Johnson s Island until September of that year, when he was exchanged; was transferred to the Cavalry, and joined Morgan s command; was again taken prisoner at Cheshire, Ohio, and remained in confinement until the close of the war; upon his release returned to Kentucky and taught school, studying law at the same time; was admitted to the bar in 1867, and engaged in practice at Madisonville, Kentucky; was elected County Attorney in 1870, and served four years; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-ninth Congress. Laflin, Addison H.; was born in Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, October 24, 1823; graduated at Williams College in 1843; removed to Herkimer County, New York, and became extensively engaged in the business of manufacturing paper; in 1837 was elected to the Senate of New York; in 1864 was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Printing; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and was again placed at the head of the Committee on Printing, and was a mem ber of that on Manufactures; was a Delegate to the "State Republican Convention" of 1867; in 1871 was appointed Naval Officer for the city of New York. La Follette, Robert M.; was born in the town of Primrose, Dane County, Wisconsin, June 14, 1855; received a collegiate education, graduating from the University of Wisconsin in June, 1879; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Madison, Wisconsin; was elected District Attorney of Dane County in 1880, and re-elected in 1882; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from Wisconsin to the Forty-ninth Con- gresa. Lahm, Samuel ; was born in Leitersburg, Mary land, April 22, 1812; his education was limited, yet his first earnings were the result of teaching school; in March, 1835, removed to Indiana and studied law; then settled in Ohio; in 1837 was elected Master ia 288 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Chancery; in 1842 a State Senator; at various times to high positions in the Militia; was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1849. Laird, James ; was born at Fowlerville, Living ston County, New York, June 20, 1849; was reared in Michigan, and was educated at Adrian College, in that State, and at the Michigan University; served in the Union Army from 1862 to the close of the Civil War; graduated from the Law Department of Michi gan University in 1871; was admitted to the bar, and settled at Hastings, Nebraska, in the practice of law; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1875; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Lake, William A.; was born in Maryland; grad uated at Washington College in Pennsylvania; studied law ; served in the Legislature of Maryland ; removed to Mississippi; practiced his profession there with success ; was elected to the Senate of that State ; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Lamar, Henry Gr.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1833. Lamar, Lucius Q. O.; was born in Putnam County, Georgia, September 17, 1825; graduated at Emory College in 1845; studied law at Macon, and was admitted to the bar in 1847; removed to Oxford, Mississippi, in 1849; was elected Professor of Mathe matics in the University of that State ; returned to Covington, Georgia, and resumed the practice of law ; was elected to the Legislature of Georgia in 1853 ; in 1854 removed again to Mississippi; was elected a Representative from Mississippi to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty -sixth Congresses; resigned in 1860 to take a seat in the Secession Convention of his State; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army; in 1863 was intrusted, by President Davis, with an im portant diplomatic mission to Russia; in 1860 was elected Professor of Political Economy in the Uni versity of Mississippi, and in 1867 was made a Pro fessor of Law; was elected to the Forty -third Con gress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Mississippi Levees; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, and was Chairman of the caucus which nominated M. C. Kerr for the Speakership in 1875; in December, 1875, was apointed Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad; in January, 1876, was elected a Senator in Congress from Mississippi for the term beginning in 1877 and ending in 1883; was re-elected for the term ending in 1889; in March, 1885, became Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Cleveland. Lamar, Mirabeau B.; was born in Louisville, Georgia, August 16, 1798; was for some years en gaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; estab lished the Columbus Inquirer, a States Rights jour nal, in 1828; removed to Texas in 1835; commanded a cavalry company at the battle of San Jacinto, and rendered effective service; in 1836 was elected first Vice-President of Texas, having for some months previous held the rank of Major-General; from 1838 to 1841 was President of Texas; in 1846 joined Gen eral Taylor at Matamoras, and was in the battle of Monterey; was afterwards engaged in checking the incursions of the Comanches ; was United States Min ister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica in 1858. Died in Richmond, Texas, December 19, 1859. He was the author of a volume of poems entitled Verse Memo rials," published in New York in 1857. Lamb, Alfred W.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1847 to 1849. Lamb, John E. ; was born at Terre Haute, Indi ana. December 26, 1852; was educated in private and public schools and graduated at the Terre Haute tligh School; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1874, and engaged in practice at Terre Haute; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Fourteenth Judicial District in 1875, and was elected to that position in 1876, holding the office three and one- nalf years; was an unsuccessful candidate for Presi dential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative Tom Indiana to the Forty-eighth Congress. Lambert, John ; was Governor of New Jersey during the years 1802 and 1803; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1805 to 1809, from 1809 to 1815; was a member of the United States Senate; served many years in the Legislature. Died in February, 1823, aged seventy-five years. Lamison, Charles N.; was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in 1820; became a student at law when seventeen years of age; was admitted to practice in Ohio; was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen County, Ohio, one year by appointment, and four years by elections; raised a company in 1861 and en tered the army as Captain in the Twentieth Volun teers, of which regiment he was afterwards elected Major, and served under Generals McClellan, Hill, and Rosecrans in West Virginia; was afterwards Major of the Eighty-first Volunteer Infantry; re signed because of ill-health in 1862; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on the State Department and Naval Affairs. Lament, George D.; was born in Western New York, in 1823; received a good education; adopted the profession of the law, and located himself at Lockport; in 1862 was appointed United States Judge for the Provisional Court of Louisiana, where he acquitted himself, under trying circumstances, with ability, and remained until 1865; subsequently returned to Lockport; in 1871 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York for fourteen years. Died at Lockport, January 15, 1876. Lamport, William H.; was born in Pittstowc, New York, May 27, 1811; received a district school education; was elected Supervisor of Gorham in 1848 and 1849; was Sheriff of Ontario County in 1851; elected to the Assembly of New York in 1854; was Trustee of the village of Canandaigua in 1866 and 1867, and President; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Agriculture. Lancaster, Columbia ; was a Delegate to Con gress from the Territory of Washington during the years 1854 and 1855. Lander, Edward : wr.s appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wash ington in 1853. Landers, Franklin ; was born in Morgan Coun ty, Indiana, March 22, 1825; received a common school education during the winter, and worked on his father s farm during the summer; at the age of twenty-one taught school in the winter and worked by the month in summer; having saved three hun dred dollars, he engaged in mercantile business in 1847; continued in that employment for six years, and then purchased a tract of land and located the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 289 town of Brooklyn; removed to that place and re sumed farming and mercantile pursuits for twelve years; established five churches of various denomina tions on his lands, and contributed largely to their support; in all deeds of lots he inserted a temper- Wee clause preventing the sale of intoxicating liquors; then engaged in the wholesale dry goods business in Indianapolis, and also in the pork-pack ing trade; in 1860 was elected State Senator; in 1864 declined a nomination for Congposs; was on the elec toral ticket for McClellan; in 1874 was elected a Rep resentative to the Forty -fourth Congress from In diana. Landers, Gr. M.; was born in Lenox, Massachu setts, February 22, 181.3; removed to New Britain, Connecticut, in 1829; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1851, 1867, and 1874; was State Senator in 1853, 1869, and 1873; was appointed Bank Commissioner for Connecticut in 1875; was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elect ed to the Forty-fifth Congress. Landes, Silas Z.; was born in Augusta County, Virginia, May 15, 1842; removed, with his parents, to Paris, Illinois; was educated in the common schools and at Paris (Illinois) Academy, but did not graduate; studied law at Paris, Illinois, and was ad mitted to the bar, at Paris, in August, 1863; entered upon the practice of law at Mount Carmel in 1864; was elected Justice of the Peace in 1866; was elected State s Attorney for Wabash County in 1872, 1876, and 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty -ninth Congress. Landmm, John M.; was born in Edgefield Dis trict, South Carolina, July 3, 1815; obtained the greater part of his education by his own exertions after he became of age; graduated at the South Caro lina College in 1842; taught school and studied law at the same time; in 1845 removed to Louisiana, and settled at Shreveport; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Post Office Department; resigned in February, 1861. Landry, J. Aristide ; was born in Louisiana; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Landy, James ; was born in Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, October 13, 1813; received his education in his native city; devoted himself for a time to the occupation of a builder; studied law, but abandoned the profession, and turned his attention to mercan tile pursuits; devoted much attention to the Public School System of Philadelphia, and held the posi tions of Commissioner and President of the Board of School Commissioners; in 1856 was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsyl vania, and was a member of the Committee on Com merce. Died in Philadelphia, July 24, 1875. Lane, Amos; was born in New York; emigrated to the Ohio River in 1804; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1839, having pre viously been a member of the State Legislature, and served one session as Speaker; was a lawyer of abil ity, and filled a conspicuous pla<*e in the history of Indiana. Died in Lawie uvb r-g. in that State in 1850. He was tac father ui .J. II. Lane. V7.; the Kelt: v l!ion was ti ieive the State 01 Kfiilncky. when 1 he int. of his Unio:i so :itimvits; wa^ U|>- o- a - u Unite 1 States District l.irt* in Al.ilcunii. I/icd at I ouldviile, Kentucky, November 12, IdJJ. 10 Lane, Henry S.; was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February 24, 1811; received a good common school education, and, under a tutor, some knowledge of the classics; studied law in Ken tucky, but removed to Indiana, and was admitted to the bar in that State; in 1837 was elected to the In diana Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1841 to 1843; served as a Lieu tenant-Colonel of Volunteers, under General Taylor, in the War with Mexico, in 1846; in 1859 was elected to the United States Senate to contest the seat of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat; in 1861 was elected Governor of Indiana; two days after his in auguration was again elected a Senator in Congress from Indiana for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, Pensions, Pat ents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Senate, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills; was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Con vention" of 1866, and to the Chicago Convention of 1868. Died June 18, 1881. Lane, James Henry; was born in Lawrence- burg, Indiana, June 22. 1814; on reaching his major ity was elected to the City Council of Lawrenceburg, and frequently re-elected; in a subordinate capacity took part in the war with Mexico; in 1849 was Lien- tenant-Governor of Indiana; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1853 to 1855; settled in Kansas and took an active part in politics; was Presi dent of the Topeka " Constitutional Convention, " and was elected by the people Major-General of the Free State troops; in 1857 was President of the Leaven- worth " Constitutional Convention," and again chosen Major-General of the Territorial troops; on the ad mission of Kansas into the Union, was chosen a Sen ator in Congress, serving on the Committees on In dian Affairs and Agriculture; was re-elected for the term ending in 1871, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and as a member of that on Territories; during the early part of the Rebellion he was commissioned, by President Lincoln, a Briga dier-General of Volunteers; was a member of the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864; on July 1, 1866, while at Fort Leavenworth, on leave of absence from the Senate on account of ill-health, he shot himself with a pistol, and thus came to his death. Was the son of Amos Lane. Lane, Joseph ; was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, December 14, 1801 ; in his fifteenth year became a clerk in a mercantile house in Indi ana; in 1822 was chosen a member of the Legisla ture of that State, serving in that capacity, with occasional intervals, until 1846; participated in the war with Mexico, acquitting himself with credit at Buena Vista and on other fields, and was appointed, by President Polk, a Brigadier-General; in 1849 was appointed Governor of the Territory of Oregon , without his solicitation, and organized the government; was elected a Delegate to Congress in 1851, where he was retained by his constituents until the admission of Oregon as a State, in 1859, when he took his seat as a Senator in Congress, serving until 18iil ; in ls(j0 was nominated for Vice-Presideut, oti the ticket with Mr. Breckenridge, but was dei cated. Died April 21, 1381. La ie, La Fayetta : was Inrn in Vanderhnr< Cou.ity, iniia-i.i. .NOVCMI HM 12. 1812; w is educate I in Vv asliiiigton City, and in Sf;uii;brd, Connecticut.; adopted tiie profession of t!ie law, and removed to e^; r )Uj WvU> elected to the Legislature of that State 290 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in 1864; was defeated in 1866 as Candidate for Secre tary of State; was a Code Commissioner for the State in 1874; in 1875 was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the place of G. A. La Dow, who died in May of that year. Lane, Samuel ; was one of the first men ap pointed Superintendent or Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of Columbia, but the date of his appointment does not appear on the public records. Lang-don, Chauncey ; graduated from Yale College in 1787; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817; served seven years in the Legislature of the State; was a State Coun cilor for nine years. Died in 1830. Langdon. John ; was educated for mercantile pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted business on the sea, until the commencement of the controversy with Great Britain; was one of the party which removed the powder and military stores from Fort William and -Mary, at New Castle, New Hampshire, in 1774; in 1775 and 1776 was chosen a Delegate to Congress from New Hampshire; commanding a company of volunteers, he served, for a while, in Vermont and Rhode Island; in his own State, he was, in 1776 and 1777, Speaker of the House of Representatives and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; in 1779 was Continental Agent in New Hampshire, and contracted for the building of several ships of war; in 1783 was again appointed a Delegate to Congress; was after wards repeatedly a member of the Legislature, and Speaker; was a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, signing his name to that instrument; in March, 1788, was chosen Governor of the State; from 1789 to 1801 was Senator of the United States, and was President of the Senate pro tern, during the First Congress, and part of the Sec ond; was one of tho=p who voted for locating the Seat of Government on. the Potomac; from 1805 to 1808, and again in IttlO and 1811, was Governor of the State. Died in Portsmouth, September 18, 1819, aged seventy-eight years. Langdon, Woodbury ; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 17&SO; was a Counselor from 1781 to 1784; a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire in 1782, and from 1786 to 1790. Died January 13, 1805, aged sixty-five years. Langston, John Mercer ; was born near Louisa Court House, Louisa County, Virginia, December 14. 1829; received a collegiate education, graduating from Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1849, and" from the Theological Department in 1853, receiving the degree of A. M. ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Lorain County, Ohio, in 1855; practiced his pro fession in Ohio for twelve years, during which period he was several times elected to important local po sitions; in 1867 was appointed General Inspector of the National Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, serving two years; in 1869 was elected Professor of Law in Howard University, and was made Dean of the Law Department; during the last two years of his service was Vice-President and Acting President of the University; for the faithful performance of these duties received the degree of LL. D. ; from 1870 to 1877 was a member of the Board of Health of the District of Columbia, and its Attor ney; in 1877 was appointed Minister Resident and Consul-Geuerarof the United States to the Republic of Hayti. Langworthy, Edward; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1 779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Lanham, Samuel W. T.; was born in Spartan- burg District, (now county,) South Carolina, July 4, 1846; received a good education; entered the Con federate Army when a boy; in 1866 removed to Texas; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1869: settled at Weatherford, Texas; was District Attor ney; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Lanman, James ; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, June 14, 1769; graduated at Yale College in 1788; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1791, and settled as a lawyer in his native town; was a member of the Convention which framed the first Constitution of Connecticut in 1818; served two years in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1817 and 1832, and one year as a State Senator in 1819; was for five years, from 1814 to 1819, Attorney for the State tor New London County, acquiring great local distinction by his abilities. One of the most famous trials that he conducted was that of the Rev. Annul Rogers, who was convicted of an infamous crime against one of his parishioners, and was im prisoned for two years, and who subsequently pub lished a book of nearly three hundred pages abusive of said Attorney; was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1819 to 1825, during one Congress as Chairman of the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and voted with the South on the Missouri Compromise; during the Seventeenth Congress was at one time member of four Committees, viz., that of Commerce and Manufactures, the Militia, District of Columbia, and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate; was ap pointed, by the Governor, to a second term in the Senate, during the recess of the Legislature, and be fore the vacancy occurred, and, by a small majority, the Senate decided that the appointment was with out authority of law; was subsequently Judge of the Supreme and Superior Courts of Connecticut, for three years, from 1826 to 1829; from 1831 to 1834 was Mayor of Norwich, where he died August 7, 1841. His son, Charles James Lanman, also a gradu ate of Yale College, was one of the earliest emigrant lawyers from New England to the Territory of Michi gan, where he took part in founding a number of im portant towns, and was for many years Receiver of Public Moneys, and it is a matter of public record that on visiting Washington, nearly thirty years after retiring from office, he was officially informed that there was a considerable amount of money standing to his credit at the Treasury Department; was sub sequently Mayor of Norwich, in Connecticut. Died in 1870, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. The Senator had another sou, James 1[. Lanman, who was a lawyer, and who acquired some reputation as an author. Lansing, Gerit Y.; was born in Albany, New York, in 1783; served four years in the Legislature of that State; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1837; Avas, for many years, Chancel loi of the Board of Regents of the Univers ity of New Fork. Died at Albany, January 3, 1862. Lansing, John ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788; also a member of the Convention that framed the Federal Constitution, which he opposed, and consequently left the Convention, defining his position in a pub lished letter. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 291 Lansing, "William E.; was born in the town of Sullivan, Madison County, New York, in 1822; stud ied law at Utica. and commenced the practice in 1845; in 1850 was elected District Attorney of Madi son County; in 1857 Clerk of the same county; in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Claims. Died July 29, 1883. Lapham, Elbridge Gerry ; was born in Farm- ington, Ontario County, New 7 York, October 18, 1814; worked on a farm; received a common school educa tion, and completed his studies at the Canandaigua Academy; was Civil Engineer on the Michigan Southern Railroad; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1844, and gained a successful practice; in 1867 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New York; had never been a candidate for any political office until elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses; was elected a United States Sen ator from New York, for the term ending in 1885, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Roscoe Conkling. Laporte, John; was born in Pennsylvania; was i\ Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Larned, Samuel ; was a citizen of Rhode Is land: went to Chili in 1826 as Secretary of Legation; in 1828 Avas appointed Charge <V Affaires to Peru; re- commissioned in 1830, and remained at that post un til 1837, then returned to the United States. Larned, Simon ; was a native of Massachusetts; served as Colonel of Militia; was, for a time, Sheriff of Berkshire County; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts, for the uuexpired term of T. J. Skinner. Died in Pittsiield, November 16, 1817, aged sixty-one years. Larrabee, Charles H.; was born in Rome, Oneida County, New York, November 9, 1820; when quite young accompanied his father to Ohio; was educated at Granville College; after devoting some attention to practical engineering, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, in 1841, at Pontotoc, Missis sippi; in 1844 settled in Chicago, Illinois, and edited for a time the Democratic Advocate ; served one term as City Advocate for Chicago; in 1847 settled in Wis T cousin, and became a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution; in 1848 was elected a Circuit Judge, and, after serving ten years, resigned; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the War Department; subsequently entered the army in the volunteer serv ice, and had command, as Colonel, of a regiment from his State. Larrabee, "William ; was born at Ledyard, Con necticut, January 20, 1832; received a common school education; in 1853 removed to Fayette County, Iowa, and engaged in fanning; in 1856 became inter ested in milling and manufacturing enterprises; in 1867 was elected State Senator for a term of four years, and was successively re-elected four times; in 1872 lie added banking to his other enterprises; in September, 1885. resigned his seat in the State Sen ate to accept the gubernatorial nomination, and in the succeeding November was elected Governor of Iowa. La Sere, Emile ; was born in Louisiana; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1846 to 1851. Lash, Israel G.; was born in Bethania, North Carolina, August 18. 1810; worked on a farm until he became of age; then followed the business of a merchant and manufacturer; became a banker in 1847; was elected a Representative from North Caro lina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the Treasury Department; was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and the Treasury Depart ment. Latham, George B.; was born in Prince Wil liam County, Virginia, March 9, 1832; was educated at country schools and at home; studied law, while teaching school, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; edited a compaign paper at Grafton, West Virginia, in 1860; entered the army in 1861, as Captain, and was made Colonel of the Second Virginia Infantry; was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Printing and Public. Buildings and Grounds; in February, "1867, was appointed, by President Johnson, Consul to Melbourne, Australia. Latham, Louis Charles ; was born at Ply mouth, North Carolina, September 11, 1840; gradu ated at the University of North Carolina in 1859; at tended the Law School of Harvard University, Mas sachusetts; engaged in the practice of law; served in the Confederate Army during the War of the Rebel lion, and attained the rank of Major; was elected a. member of the State House of Commons in 1864; was elected a State Senator in 1870; was elected a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Forty-seventh Congress. Latham, Milton S.; was born in Columbus, Ohio, May 23, 1827; graduated at Jefferson College. Pennsylvania, in 1845; soon afterwards removed to Alabama, where he studied law; i&. ,184.8 was ap pointed Clerk of the Circuit Court for RfTssell County ; removed to California in 1850, and was there ap pointed Clerk of the Recorder s Court in San Fran cisco; was soon afterwards chosen District Attorney lor the Counties of Sacramento and El Dorado, which office he held in 1851 ; in 1852 was elected a Repre sentative from California to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, declining a re-election; in 1855 was appointed, by President Pierce, Collector of San Francisco, which otiice he held until 1857; having been elected Governor of California, three days after his inaugu ration, in January, 1860, was elected a Senator in Congress from California, for six years, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, and on Post Offices and Post Roads; was afterwards President of the Bank of California, at San Francisco. Died March 5, 1882. Lathrop, Samuel ; was born in Hampden Coun ty, Massachusetts, in 1771; graduated from Yale Col lege in 1792; studied law and attained a high posi tion at the bar; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1818 to 1826, was a mem ber of the Massachusetts Senate for ten years, and President of that body in 1829 and 1830. Died in West Springfield, July 11, 1846. Lathrop, "William ; was born in Genesee County, New York, April 17, 1825; received a common school education; studied and practiced law; removed td Illinois and was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1856; was elected a Representative from Illi nois to the Forty -fifth Congress. 292 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Lattimer, Henry ; was born at Newport, Dela ware, April 24, 1752; studied medicine at Philadel phia and at Edinburgh, and practiced, on his return from the latter place, until 1777, when he was ap pointed Surgeon of the Flying Hospital; after the war returned home, and practiced until 1794; was a member of the State Legislature; was a Representa tive in Congress from Delaware from 1793 to 1795; a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1801, when he resigned. Died in Philadelphia, December 19, 1819. Lattimore, William; was born at Norfolk, Virginia, February 9, 1774, where he received a limited education; studied medicine; removed to the Territory of Mississippi; was a Delegate to Congress from that Territory from 1803 to 1807, and from 1813 to 1817; was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Mississippi; after which he retired to private life. Died April 3, 1843. Laurance, John ; was born in the County of Cornwall, England, in 1750; emigrated to the city of New York in 1767; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1772; in 1775 was commissioned in the First New York Regiment, and served to the end of the Revolutionary War, his several grades having been Aid-de-camp to his relative, Colonel McDougal, Judge Advocate, and General, in which latter capacity he conductor! the court-martial called to try Major Andre; in 1783 esumed the practice of his profession in New York; in 1785 and 1786 was a member of the First Congress; in 1789 was elected a State Senator, and during that year was elected, by a five-sixths vote, a Representative in the Federal Congress, serv ing from 1789 to 1793; was appointed, by Washington, in 1794, Judge of the United States District Court for New York; was a Senator in Congress from 1796 to 1800, serving for a short time as President pro tern, of that body, when he resigned and retired to private life. Died in 1810. Laurens, Henry ; was born in South Carolina; was an early opponent of Great Britain; was a mem ber of the Carolina Congress of 1775, and elected its president; was Vice-President under the temporary Constitution; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1777 to 1780, and chosen President of that body during the former year; signed the Articles of Confederation; in 1780 was sent abroad to negotiate a loan with Holland, but, having been captured by a British vessel oft Newfoundland, was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower, for more than a year, for high treason; the papers taken from his person caused a war between England and Holland; he peti tioned Parliament for a release, and when set at liberty went to Paris, where he signed the prelimin aries of peace in 1782, as a Commissioner appointed by Congress; returned to America in 1783. Died in Charleston in 1792, in the sixty -ninth year of his age. Law, John ; was born in New London, Connecti cut, in 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814; studied law, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1817; soon after wards emigrated to the new State of Indiana, locating at Vincennes; soon after arriving in the West was elected a Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1823 a mem ber of the Legislature; was again elected Attorney for his district, and held that position until promoted to a Judgeship, which oflice he held by re-elections f.r eight years; in 18:18 was :i nointcd, by President "Van Buren, Receiver o! I .iai.c .vl.m^ys ;<t Vimermes. holding the oiliro lour yc.irs: i i 1*V, \\- is a;] .inn- ! l>y President PUTCC. .) .!...: <; tin- Ooin-i of Land t.luimv to adjudicate the claims of the old inli.iin- i Indiana and Illinois, ;iiul was re -a pinnated in 1856; subsequently removed to Evansville, where he resumed the practice of his profession; in I860 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library and on Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Revolutionary Pensions, and the Select Committee on Emigration; as Chairman of the Committee on Pensions, he drew up and reported the bill giving to the soldiers of the Revolution, twelve only surviving, one hundred dol- lars per annum, which bill passed unanimously; was partial to historical studies, and was President of the State Historical Society of Indiana until his entrance into Congress; like Mr. Charles F. Adains, Mr. John Law can mention the fact, with excusable pride, that his father and his grandfather both served their country as members of Congress; Amasa Learned, who was his grandfather on his mother s side, was in the first Congress that sat under the Constitution. Died at Evausville, Indiana, October 7, 1873. Law, Jonathan; was bom in Milford, Con necticut, August 6, 1674; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1695; studied law, and began to practice in Milford in 1698; in 1706 was made Justice of the Peace; Justice of the Quorum in 1710; Chief Judge in 1714; Assistant Judge from 1717 until chosen Deputy-Governor in 1725; was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State from 1725 to 1741, and Governor from May, 1741, until his death, which oc-, curred November 6, 1750. Law, Lyman ; was born at New London, Con necticut, August 19, 1770; graduated at Yale College, in 1791; studied law with his father, Richard Law (who was a member of the Continental Congress), and practiced at New London; after serving in the Legislature of the State, and being Speaker of t he- House of Representatives, was elected to Congress and served from 1811 to 1817. Died in New London, February 3, 1842. Law, Richard. ; was born at Milford. Connecti cut, March 17, 1733; graduated at Yale College ii> 1751; studied law, and practiced in New London, at taining the highest eminence in his profession; was President Judge of the County Court, and Judge of the Supreme Court; was a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress from 1777 to 1778, and also from 1781 to 1784; after the adoption of the Federal Constitution was appointed United States District Judge, which office he held until his death, which occurred Janu ary 26, 1806, at New London, Connecticut; was a personal friend of Washington; was long Mayor of New London, and, with Roger Sherman, revised the Code of Connecticut; was the sou of Jonathan Law, one of the Colonial Governors. Lawler, Frank; was born at Rochester, New York, June 25, 1842; attended a public school until thirteen years of age, when, owing to a serious acci dent which befell his father, he was compelled to i leave school and seek employment in a brick-yard, where he continued to labor for two years; was a news-agent on railroads for three years; learned the; trade oi a ship-builder; settled in Chicago, Illinois; was elected PresMo.nt of the Ship-carpenters audj S -iip-caulkor.- As .ua^ition : Itecune a^cnt lor the 1 1 , .Ichi .//). , ..,/ .< Aitr.H iin ; from 1-65) to 1SV7 hcH :v position in t u 1 ( iiic.iMO l/ost oniri. 1 : v a> !(< U\! :i nr.-mbero Mi" C licij.> Cily ouunc.l in A ;>..!. is.o. 1 a. i 1 \vas n -c ecU ii i;i Is.rf. iSrSJ, IbHi an I lss|; i n I.Si H ciig i -,< i i:t l).isine>s iu-i a li(|iao niiMvii ml; \v:i-i r.cttred u Kejir vstj.iUiLivc i;\>.;i liiiiiuU to t.:j .Xi\y- niuth CoMg.vss. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 293 Lawler, Joab ; was born in North Carolina, June 12, 1796; was educated for the ministry, and became a clergyman of the Baptist Church; in 1826 was elected to the Lower House of the Alabama Legisla ture, and was re-elected until 1831, in which year he was elected to the State Senate; in 1832 was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys for the Coosa Land Dis trict, and held the office until 1835; in 1833 was elected Treasurer of the University of Alabama; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1835 to 1838. Died in Washington, May 8, 1838, during the first session of his second term. Lawrence, Abbott ; was born in Groton, Mas sachusetts, December 16, 1792; his education was obtained at a district school aod at Groton Academy; in 1808 went to Boston, and became a clerk in the store of his brother Amos; in 1814 was admitted as a partner in the business, and for many years the twain prosecuted a very extensive importing busi- nesss, and laid the foundation of their several for tunes; Abbott was the traveling partner, and visited Europe a number of times; subsequently became one of the foremost men in building up American manu factures, and the nourishing city of Lawrence was the offspring of his enterprise; in 1827 was a Dele- ate to the " Harrisburg Convention "; served in the Common Council of Boston in 1831; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1835 to 1837, and again in 1839 and 1840; in 1842 was appointed a Commis sioner to arrange the North-eastern Boundary Ques tion; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1849 was invited, by President Taylor, into his Cabinet, but declined; subsequently accepted the appointment of Minister to England, where he acquitted himself with credit; founded a scientific school at Cambridge, .and his gifts and bequests to various charitable and religions societies proved him to be a man of many noble qualities. Died in Boston August 18, 1855. Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck ; was born in Flushing, Long Island, February 28, 1791; passed his boyhood on his father s farm, and acquired a good English education; on arriving at the age of man hood, removed to New York City; was a Representa tive in Congress from. New York City from 1832 to 1834; for two years succeeding was Mayor of the city of New York; in 1836 was President of the Electoral College; for twenty years held the honorable posi tion of President of the Bank of the State of New York ; among other positions of trust and responsi bility which, with the above, have tended to give him a high reputation, may be mentioned the follow ing: Director of the Branch Bank of the United States and the Bank of America, Trustee of the New York Life and Trust Company, and of numerous Fire and Marine Insurance Companies; in 1856 ill-health compelled him to retire from business, and he spent the closing years of his life in peace, on the spot where his ancestors resided for two hundred years. Died at Flushing, February 20, 1861. Lawrence, George V.; was born in Washing ton County, Pennsylvania, in 181"*; received a lib eral education; devoted himself to agricultural pur suits; was elected to the State Legislature in 1844, 1847. 1858, and 1859, and to the State Senate in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, and 1860, officiating as Speaker during the last term; frequently served in the Con ventions of the State; in 1864 was ejected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture .and Invalid Pensions; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office; was again elected a Representative to the Forty-eighth Congress. Lawrence, Albert Gallatin; was born in New York City, April 14, 1836; was educated at the Charlier Institute, New York, the Anglo-American Academy, Vevay, Switzerland, and at Harvard Uni versity, graduating from the latter institution in 1857; studied law at the Harvard Law School; waa admitted to the bar in 1860; went, as Secretary of Legation, to Vienna, Austria; returned in 1861 and entered the Union Army as a Lieutenant in the Fifty-fourth Regiment of New York Volunteers; waa soon transferred to staff duty; was promoted to Cap tain, and led the "forlorn hope" at the capture ol Fort Fisher; received five bullet wounds during the assault; for his conspicuous gallantry on this occa sion received four brevets; as a result of his wounds one arm was amputated; after the close of the war, was appointed United States Minister to Costa Rica; while there took umbrage at the disparaging com ments of an attache of the Prussian Legation upon the United States, and challenged him to fight a duel; after the Prussian had fired, without effect, General Lawrence fired in the air; on his return to the United States, engaged in literary pursuits. Died in New York City, January 1, 1887. Lawrence, John W.; was born in New York; served two years in the Assembly of that State from Queen s County; was a Representative in Congress from 1645 to 1847. Lawrence, Joseph ; was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788; served for nine years in the State Legislature, two sessions as Speaker; one year as State Treasurer; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, April 17, 1842 Lawrence, Philip K.; was a citizen of Louisi ana; about the year 1838 was appointed United States Judge for the two judicial districts of Louisiana, re siding at New Orleans. Lawrence, Samuel; waa born in New York; served seven years in the Assembly of that State; waa a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825. Lawrence, Sidney; was born in Vermont; re moved to New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Lawrence, William ; was born in Washington, Guernsey County, Ohio, September 2, 1814; gradu ated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in Septem ber, 1835; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; served in the Ohio Legislature in 1843; waa a Presidential Elector in 1848; a member of the Con stitutional Convention of Ohio in 1850 and 1851 ; State Senator in 1856 and 1857; was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Lawrence, "William ; was born at Mount Pleas ant, Jelferson County, Ohio, June 26, 1819; grad uated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1838; taught school for a time, and in 1840 graduated with the de gree of LL.B. in the Law Department of Cincinnati College, coming to the bar in that year; for one year was a reporter and correspondent at Columbus for the Ohio State Journal, and other papers; in 1842 was appointed Commissioner of Bankrupts for Logan County; in 1845 was made Prosecuting Attorney for the same county, resigning in one year; from 1845 *o 2D4 A I O G R A P H I C A L ANNALS. 1847 was editor and proprietor of the Logan Gazette; in 1846 and 1847 served in the State Legislature; in 18 18 was a member of the Senate; in 1851 was elected Reporter for the Supreme Court of the State; in 1853 was again elected to the State Senate, and was the author of the Ohio Free Banking Law; in 1856 was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for five years; re-elected in 1861, but resigned in 1864. when lie was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress; during a part of his legal career was editor of the Wextern Law Monthly; in 1862 was Colonel of the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volun teers for three months; in 1863 President Lincoln tendered him a Judgeship in Florida, which he de clined; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyal ists Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the For tieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Con gresses; received from Franklin College the degree, of A. M. and LL.D., and from Wittenberg College the degree of LL.D. ; in 1880 was appointed First Comp- vol nines of decisions as Comptroller, besides a great number of judicial decisions, and speeches upon lit erary and political topics, which, if collected, would make several volumes; was a Trustee of the Ohio Wesleyau University. Lawrence, "William Beach ; was born in New York City, October 23, 1800; graduated at Columbia College in 1818; after a course of legal and historical study at Paris, he became a counselor of the New York Supreme Court in 18:23; Secretary of Legation at London in 1826; C/iarye d Affaires in 1827 and 1828; Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island in 1851 and 1852, and for a portion of the time acting Gov ernor; was the author of an Address before the New York Academy of Fine Arts in 18:26; of a translation of Marbois History of Louisiana, with Essavs and Notes, in 1830; Discourse before the New York His torical Society in 1832, of which society he was Vice- President from 1836 to 1845; "Two Lectures on Po litical Economy" in 1832; "Bank of the United States" in 1831; " Inquiry into the Causes of Pub lic Distress " in 1834; "History of the Northeastern Boundary Negotiations " in 1841; "Memoir of Al bert Gallatin, 1843; also, the same year, of "Colo nization and History of New Jersey," 1843- "The Law of Charitable Uses," 1845; Lives of Reuben Walcott and Charles O Connor in 1848; " Maine Law Speech in the Rhode Island Senate," 1852; Visitation and Search," 1858; an edition of "Whea- ton s Internal Law with Additional Notes," 1855; and contributed to many journals and periodicals was also Professor of the Law of Nations in Columbia College, Washington; was made LL.D. bv Brown University, and Doctor of Civil Law by the Univere- ity of New York; in 1873 received a fee of forty thousand dollars for arguing the case of the Circas sian before Joint High Commissioners in Washing ton. Died March 26, 1881. Lawrence, "William T.; was born in New York City, May 7, 1788; was bred a merchant, and con- ttinued such until called into the service of the United States, in the War of 1812, as a Militia Captain of Artillery; in 1823 removed to Cayuga County. New York, and settled on a farm; in 1838 was chosen County Judge; from 1847 to 1849 was a Representa tive in Congress; also served as Delegate to several nominating Conventions. Lawrence, "William "W.; was an early emi grant to Florida; wa-s appointed Judge of the United .States District Court of that State. Lawson, John D.; was born in Montgomery. New York, February 18, 1816; was educated at this schools of his native village; was a merchant in New Vork for more than twenty-five years, and retired from business in 1868; was a Delegate to the Na tional Republican Conventions of 1868 and 1872; de clined public office until elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af fairs. Lawyer, Thomas; was a member of the New York Assembly from Schoharie County, in 1816; was n R-Mir""it itive in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. Lay, Alfred Morrison ; was born in Lewis County, Missouri, May 20, 1836; in 1842 removed, with his parents, to Beuton County; received tin; rudiments of his education at private schools, and graduated from Bethany College, Virginia, in Is5<>; studied law at Jefferson City, and was admitted to the bar in 1857; was appointed, by President Bu chanan, United States Attorney for the Western District of Missouri; resigned in 1861, and entered the Confederate Army; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Major; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1875; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died December 9, 1879. Lay, George "W.; was born in New York; was liberally educated; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837; a. member of the New York Assembly from Genesee County in. 1840; in 1842 was appointed Chanje / Affaires to Sweden by President Tyler. Died at Batavia, New York, October 21, 1800. Lazear, Jesse; was born in Greene Comity. Pennsylvania, December 12, 1804; received his early education from his parents, and worked on a farm until he became of age; served as a Clerk in the Re corder s office; in 1829 and 1832 was appointed Reg ister and Recorder for his county; from that timo until 1864 held the position of Cashier of the Farm ers and Drovers Bank of Waynesburg; in l,S;iU was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims, and Chairman of that on Expenditures on the Public Buildings; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures, and again on that relating to Public Buildings; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Lea, John M.; was a native of Tennessee; was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for that State. Lea, Luke; was born in Surry County, North Carolina, January 26, 1782; removed, at an early age, with his father, to Tennessee, where he was, for several years, Clerk of the House of Representatives; served gallantly in Florida and in the Creek country under General Jackson in the Indian wars; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1833 to 1837; for thirty years discharged the duties of Cashier of the State Bank, and Register of the State Land OHice of Tennessee; in 1849 was ap pointed, by President Taylor, Indian Agent of the Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was highly esteemed by the Indians under his charge. He was returning to his residence, after making the Indian payments, of his agency, when he was killed by a fall from his, hoir.e, June 17, K51. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 2! 5 Lea, Luke ; was born in Tennessee, and was a son of the member of Congress bearing the same name; in July, 1850, was appointed, from Missis sippi. Commissioner of Indian A Hairs, and held the ollice until March, 1853. Lea, Pryor; was born in Knox County, Ten nessee, in 1794; was educated at Greenville College; studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1817; served with General Jackson in the Creek War in 1813; was Clerk of the Legislature in 1816; United States District Attorney in 1824; was a Representa tive in Congress from Tennessee, from 1827 to 1831": in 1837 removed to Jackson, Mississippi, and in 1847 to Goliad, Texas; he projected the work called the "Central Transit. for b.iilding a railroad from Arkansas Bay to Mazatlan, and was President of the Company. Leach, De "Witt C.; was born in Clarence, Erie County, New York, November 23, 1822; was sell- educated; was bred a fanner; chosen a member of the Michigan Legislature in 1849 and 1850; was a mem ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitution in 1850; was State Librarian in 1855 and 1856; was elected a Representative to the Thirty -lifth Congress from Michigan, serving as a member of the Commit- teeon Revisal and Unfinished Business; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Indian Affairs. Leach, James M.; was born in Landsdowne. Randolph County, North Carolina; received a classical education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; served ten years in the Legislature of North Carolina; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; in 1850 was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; served in the Confederate Army, and wa.s in the Confederate Con gress; was elected to the State Senate after the Re bellion; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty- third Congresses. Leadbetter, D. P.; was born in Pennsylvania; removed to Ohio: was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Leake, Shelton F.; was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, November 30, 1812; received a good English education; taught for three years an "old field school "; studied law, and in his twenty- fifth year was admitted to the bar; in 1*42 was elected to the Virginia House ot Delegates; was a Represent ative in Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1847; was a Presidential Elector in 1849; in 1851 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia; was a candi date for Governor, in 1854, but was defeated; in 1859 was elected to the Federal House of Representatives lor the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures; took part in the Rebellion. Leake, "Walter ; was a soldier in the Revolu tionary War; served as Senator of the United States from 1817 to 1820; in 1821 was elected Governor of Mississippi. Died at Mount Salus, Hinds County, Mississippi, November 17, 1825. Lear, Tobias ; was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. September 19, 1762; graduated from Harvard University in 1783, became Private Secretary to General Washington in 1785, and was liberally re membered by him in his will; in 1801 was Consul- General at St. Domingo; from 1804 to 1812 was Con sul-General at Algiers, and commissioner to conclude a peace with Tripoli: the latter duty he performed in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of General Eaton, who was gaining important advantages over tie Tripolitaus; Lear s conduct was approved by his government, although censured by a portion of the public: at the time of his decease he was an account ant in the War Department. Died at Washington, D. C., October 10, 1816. Learned, Amasa ; was born at Killingly, Con necticut, November 15, 1750; graduated at Yale College in 1772; studied theology, but soon aban doned it as a proi ession; was a member of the Con vention which ratified the Constitution of the United States; served in the State Assembly several terms; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1801 to 1805: in 1818 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. Leary, Cornelius L.; was born in Baltimore, Maryland. October 22, 1813; was educated at St. Mary s College in that city; in 1835 engaged in business in Louisville, Kentucky; returned to Balti more in 1837; in 1838 was chosen a Delegate to the Maryland Assembly; in 1847 came to the bar; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; in 1861, at a special election, was elected a Representative from Mary land to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Leaverrworth, Elias "Warner ; was born at Canaan, New York, December 20, 1803; removed to Great Barrington, Massachusetts, at two years of age; first received an academic education, then en tered Williams College in 1820; graduated at Yale College in 1824; studied law with William Cullen Bryant, and at Litchfield Law School; was admitted to practice in 1827; settled at Syracuse; was com pelled by bronchitis to abandon his profession in 1850: was a member of the State Legislature in 1835; in 1836 was appointed Brigadier-General of the State Artillery; was President of the village from 1839 to 1841, and in 1846 and 1847; Supervisor in 1839 and 1840; Mayor of Syracuse from 1849 to 1859; member of the Legislature from 1850 to 1857; Secretary of State in 1854 and 1855; in 1860 was President of the State Convention; in 1861 was Commissioner under the Convention with New Granada; in 1865 was President of the Board to locate the State Asylum for the Blind, and a Trustee of the Asylum for Idiots: in 1867 was elected a Trustee for Hamilton College, but being a Regent was ineligible; in 1872 received the degree of LL.D. from Hamilton College; held various important local positions, and was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- lourth Congress. Leavitt, Humphrey H.; was born in Suffield, Connecticut, in June, 1796; at an early day removed, with his father, to the Western Reserve, of Ohio; re ceived an academic education; adopted the profes sion of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1816; served in the State Legislature, in the House in 1825 and 1826, and in the Senate in 1827; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1831 to 1834; was for many years Judge of the District Court of Ohio; having been appointed, bv President Jackson, in 1834. Le Blond, Francis C.; was born in Ohio, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1851 wag elected for two years to the State Legislature; was re- elected in 1853. and served as Speaker of that body; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio tc the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Public Expenditures; was re-elected to the 396 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on the Public Build ings. Lecompte, Joseph ; was born in Wpodford County, Kentucky; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1825 to 1833. Lecompte, Samuel D.; was born in Maryland; was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Kansas, and took a lead ing part in the affairs of that Territory. Le Due, "William G.; was a citizen of Wisconsin ; was commissioner of Agriculture, at Washington, from 1877 to 1881. Lee, Arthur; was born in Virginia in 1740; was educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he pursued the study of medicine; while pursuing the study of law in the Temple, in London, rendered important services to his country by obtaining infor mation bearing upon the Revolution; in 1775 acted as an agent for his native State, and presented to the king the second petition of Congress; from 1776 to 1779 was Minister to France, and negotiated an im portant treaty; performed the duties of Commis sioner to Spain in 1777; resided in Prussia for a time in a semi-official capacity, and did much there to help the American cause; in 1781 was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, but was immediately chosen a Delegate to the Continental Congress, where he re mained until 1785; before the expiration of his term in Congress was delegated to make several treaties with the Indians on the Northern frontier ; soon after leaving Congress was appointed Secretary of the Treasury, which office he held until 1789. Died in 1792. He stood high as a man of integrity and patriotism. His life was published in 1829 by R. H. Lee, and his Public Letters were published in Sparks Diplomatic Correspondence. Lee, Charles ; was a native of Virginia; gradu ated at the College of New Jersey in 1775; was Secre tary of an important Board of Commissioners of the Continental Congress; was an eminent lawyer, a member of the State Legislature, and was appointed, by Washington, to succeed William Bradford as At torney-General of the United States in 1795, serving until 1801; was subsequently appointed, by Presi dent Jefferson, Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Fourth Circuit, but de clined the office. Died in Farquhar County, Vir ginia, June 24, 1815, aged fifty-seven years; was the brother of General Henry Lee. Lee, Fitzhugh ; was born at Clermont, Fairfax County, Virginia, November 19, 1835; his early edu cation was acquired from private tutors; at the age of sixteen he was appointed a cadet at the West Point Military Academy; in 1856 he graduated from that institution and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Second United States Cavalry; in 1859 and 1860, in engagements with Indians on the Western frontier, he displayed conspicuous gallantry and was severely wounded; at the commencement of the Civil War resigned his commission and joined the Confederate Army; was, at once, appointed Ad jutant-General of a brigade; in September, 1861, was commissioned a Lieutenant-Colonel; was soon after wards promoted to a Colonelcy; in July, 1862, was made a Brigadier-General; in 1863 was commissioned a Major-General; in 1885 was elected Governor of the State of Virginia. Lee, Francis Lightfoot; was born in West moreland County, Virginia, October 14, 1734; was the brother of Richard Henry Lee; was well edu cated by private tutors; in 1765 and 1766 was elected to the House of Burgesses, and was a strong advocate of equal rights: was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1780; signed the Declaration of Independence, and also the Articles of Confedera tion; served in the State Legislature. Died April, 1797. Lee, Gideon; was born in Amherst, Massachu- setts, in 1777; in early life removed to the city of New York, where he became a leather merchant, and amassed a large fortune; was, at one time, Mayor of New York; a Presidential Elector; was a member of Congress during the years 1836 and 1837. Died at Geneva, New York, August 21, 1841. Lee, Henry ; was born in Virginia, January 29, 1756; graduated at Princeton College in 1773; in 1776 was appointed a Captain of Cavalry, under Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, joined the main army; his skill in discipline and gallant bearing at tracted the notice of Washington, and he was soon promoted to the rank of Major, with the command of a separate corps of cavalry; then advanced to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; from 1780 to the end of the war he served under Greene; the services of Lee s Legion in various actions were very important; par ticularly distinguished himself in the battle of Guil- ford; afterwards succeeded in capturing Fort Corn- wallis and other forts; was also conspicuous at Nine ty-six, and at the Eutaw Springs; in 1786 was ap pointed a Delegate in Congress from Virginia, in which body he remained till the Constitution was adopted, having, in the Convention of Virginia, ad vocated its adoption; in 1791 was chosen Governor of Virginia, and remained in office three years; by ap pointment of President Washington, he commanded the forces sent to suppress the \Yhisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania; was a member of Congress at the period of Washington s death, in 1799, and was ap pointed by Congress to deliver a eulogy on the occa sion; in 1801 retired to privute life, and in his last years was distressed with pecuniary embarrassments; in 1809, while confined within the bounds of Spott- sylvauia County, for debt, he wrote his valuable "Memoirs of the Southern Campaigns"; in 1812, during the attack of the mob at Baltimore, he was one of the defenders; was severely wounded, and car ried to the jail for safety; returning from the West Indies, where he had gone for health. He died at Cum berland Island, near St. Mary s, Georgia, March 25, 1818. His exploits during the Revolution gained for him the name of Light Horse Harry "; he was the father of General Robert E. Lee. Lee, Henry B.; was elected a Representative from New York to the Fifteenth Congress, but died before taking his seat. Lee, John; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825. Lee, Joshua; was born in New York; served three years in the Legislature of that state, from On tario and Yates Counties; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837. Lee, M. Lindley ; was born in Minisink, Orange County, New York, May 29, 1805; passed his boy hood working upon a farm in summer, and attending the district school in winter; .when sixteen years of age commenced an academic course of study, and graduated at Union College in 1827; studied medicine and surgery, and in 1830 obtained a degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Western New York; while devoting himself to his profession, waa BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 237 appointed Postmaster of Fulton, Orange County, New York, serving from 1840 to 1844; in 1846 and 1847 was elected to the Assembly of New York; sub- jequently, for three terms, held the position of Com missioner of Loans for the State; was a member of the State Senate in 1855; in 1858 was elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was a Delegate to the New York "Constitutional Convention" of 1867. Lee, Richard Bland ; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1795; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died iu 1827. Lee, Richard Henry ; was born at Stratford, Westmoreland County, Virginia, January 20, 1732; was educated at Wakefield, Yorkshire, England; had a seat in the House of Burgesses of Virginia in 1757, and proposed there, in 1773, the formation of a Com mittee of Correspondence; had the honor of originat ing the first resistance to British oppression, in the time of the Stamp Act, in 1765; was a member of the First Congress, in 1774, and in October prepared the draft of the memorial to the people of British America; in accordance with instructions from the "Virginia Convention," he first proposed in Congress a Declara tion of Independence, June 7, 1776, and a Committee was appointed to prepare it; was a signer of the adopted Declaration of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation; the second eloquent ad dress to the people of Great Britain was drawn up by him; after the adoption of the Articles of Confedera tion he withdrew from Congress, but was re-elected in 1784, and chosen President of that body, serving till 1787; contended for the necessity of amendments to the Constitution previously to its adoption in 1789; was a Senator in Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving one session as President pro tern, of that body; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; he was the author of a number of political pamphlets, and his correspondence was published in 1825. Died at Chantilly, Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 9, 1794. Lee, Silas; graduated at Harvard University in 1784; served in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1793, 1797, and 1798; was a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1802; Judge of Probate from 1805 to 1814; was, for some years, Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was ap pointed, by President Adams, United States District Attorney for Maine. Died in 1814. Lee, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey frqin 1833 to 1837. Died at Port Elizabeth, November 2, 1855. Lee, Thomas; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, December 1, 1769; studied and practiced law; was a Representative in the State Legislature; State Solicitor in 1794; Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas in 1804; Comptroller-General until 1816; President of the State Bank in 1817; Judge of the United States Court from 1823 until his death. Died at Charleston, October 22, 1839. Lee, Thomas Ludwill ; was born in Stafford, Virginia, about 1730; held a conspicuous position as a patriot and lawyer during the Revolution: was a member of the House of Burgesses, of the Conven tions of July and December, 1775, and of the Com mittee of Safety; in the Convention of 1776 was placed on the Committee to draft a Declaration of Rights, and a plan of Government; on the organiza tion of the State Government, was appointed one of the five Revisors, and one of the five Judges of the General Court. Died before the close of the Revolu tion. He was the second of the brothers so famous during the Revolution. Lee, Thomas Sim; was born in 1743; was Gov ernor of Maryland from 1779 to 1783; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784; was again Governor from 1792 to 1794. Died in 1810. Lee, William ; was born about 1737; was sent to London as the agent of Virginia, and became a mer chant there; being a zealous Whig, was elected Sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1773, and in 1775 an Alderman, but resigned on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, and went to France; heartily joined his brothers in maintaining the Revolutionary struggle in America, and communicated important intelligence; was appointed, by Congress, Commer cial Agent at Nantes in January, 1777; was afterwards Minister at The Hague, and was United States Agent at Vienna and Berlin, but was recalled early in 1779; was an able writer. Died at Greenspring, Virginia, June 27, 1795. Lee, "William ; was born in Massachusetts; in 1817 was appointed Second Auditor of the Treasury, being the first incumbent of that office, in which he remained until 1824, when he was appointed Fourth Auditor, which position he retained less than one year. Leedom, John P.; was born in Adams County, Ohio, December 20, 1847; received a common school education; graduated at Smith s Mercantile College in 1868; taught school; engaged in farming; was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in 1874, and re-elected in 1877; was a member of the Demo cratic State Committee in 1879; was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh Congress. Leet, Isaac ; was born in Pennsylvania in 1802; was for several years in the Senate of that State; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831. Died at Washington, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1844. Le Fevre, Benjamin ; was born in Shelby Coun ty, Ohio, Octobers, 1838; was educated at the Miami University; studied law; engaged in farming; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1865; in 1867 was appointed United States Consul at Nu remberg, Germany; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Le Fevre, Joseph ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813. Lefferts, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1813 to 1815; was a mem ber of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1821; a State Senator from 1822 to 1825. Leffier, Isaac ; was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in November, 1788; was educated at Jefferson College; studied law, and settled in Wheel ing, Virginia; in 1817 was elected to the Virginia Legislature, where he served eight years; in 1827 was elected a member of the Board of Public Works; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1827 to 1829; in 1832 was again elected to the Vir ginia Legislature; in 1835 removed to Burlington, Iowa; served two years in the Legislature of Wis consin Territory; one year as Speaker; one year ia 298 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Legislature of Iowa; in 1843 was appointed Mai shalof Iowa; in 1849 Register of the Laud Office a Still water, but declined; in 1852 was appointed Re ceiver of the same office, whence he was removed fo opinion s sake. Leffler, Shepherd ; was born in Pennsylvania was educated for the law, but devoted himself t farming; was a Representative in Congress from low from 1840 to 1851; in 1875 was a candidate for th office of Governor. Lsftwich, Jabez ; was born in Bedford County Virginia, was a Representative in Congress from tha State from 1821 to 1825. LefCwich, John W.; was born in Bedford Coun ty, Virginia, September 7, 1826; graduated at th Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1850 subsequently settled in Memphis, Tennessee, as ; merchant and cotton-factor; in 1865 was elected i Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-nintl Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session of that Congress, and serving on the Com mittee on Indian Affairs; was a Delegate to the Phil adelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866, am to the New York Convention of 1868. Died at Lynchburg in June, 1870. Legara, Hugh Swinton ; was born at Charles ton, South Carolina, January 2, 1797; graduated at the College of that State in 1814, and after having studied law went to Europe, where he remained until 1820, occupied with the pursuits of literature on his return to Charleston, devoted himself to the practice of his profession and to agricultural pur suits; in 1830 was appointed Attorney -General of the State, and was the principal editor of the Southern Review; in 1832 was appointed Charge (V Affaires ol the United States to Belgium; from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative of his native State in Congress; in 1841 was appointed, by President Tyler, Attorney- General of the United States, and also Acting Secre tary of State; died suddenly at Boston, June 20, 1843, while accompanying the President in his jour ney to attend the Bunker Hill Celebration: his line taste as a writer, his eminent acquirements as a scholar, and his learning and eloquence as a lawyer, were known and appreciated throughout the Union His writings were collected and published in 1846. Leggett, Mortimer D.; was born in Ithaca New York, April 19, Iboi; removed, with his par ents, to Geauga County, Ohio, at the age of sixteen- was admitted to the bar in 1853, and settled in Zanesville in 1857; was Superintendent of Public Schools until 1801, when he raised the Seventy-eighth (Ohio Infantry, and was made Colonel in 1862; was at Fort Donelson, and at Pittsburg Landing, where he was wounded; at the siege of Corinth commanded a brigade, and captured Jackson, Tennessee; at Boli var repulsed the Rebels, and was wounded; was ap pointed Brigadier-General in 1862 ; was severely wounded at Champion Hills, and at Vicksbur<>- was in the battles of the Atlanta Campaign; in Sher man s March to the Sea commanded a division- was Brevet Major-General in 1864, Major-General in 1865, and was appointed United States Commissioner of Patents in 1871. Lehlbach, Herman ; was born in Baden, Ger many, July 3, 1845; adopted the profession of a Civil engineer; emigrated to the United States, and set tled at Newark, New Jersey; was a member of the .House of Assembly of New Jersey in 1884; in that year was elected a Representative from New Jersey io the Forty -ninth Congress. Lehman, "William E.; was born in Philadel phia. August 21, 1822; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1843; studied law. and after practicing with success, retired from the bar and traveled in Europe; was appointed, by President Polk, an Examiner of Post Offices in New York and Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Accounts; his family was one of note in Dresden, his father and grandfather having acquired distinction in the civil and military service; in 1863 was appointed a Pro vost Marshal in Pennsylvania. Leib, Michael ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1799 to 1806, when he resigned; was a Senator of the United States from 1808 to 1814. and in the latter year was appointed Postmaster of Philadelphia; served in the Legisla ture of Pennsylvania both before and after his elec tion to Congress; was also a Presidential Elector in 1809. Died in Philadelphia, December 28, 1C2, aged sixty-three years. Leib, Owen D.; was born in Schnylkill, Penn sylvania; was the youngestof nine brothers; received a common school and classical education; studied medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical Institution in Philadelphia; practiced his profession in Columbia County; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. Died June 17, 1848. Leidy, Paul ; was born in Hemlock, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1813; was edu cated at a common school; the early part of his life was devoted to agricultural pursuits; from the age of sixteen to twenty-four he followed the business of i tailor; taught school, and having studied law at the same time, practiced that profession; was for live years District Attorney for Montour County; tor a short time Superintendent of Common Schools or the same county; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsylvania, serving is a member of the Committee on Ro ads and Canals. Leigh, Benjamin Watkins; was born in Vir ginia in 1782; was one of the most eminent men of lis State; well known as a lawyer and public man- Vom 1829 to 1841 was a Reporter of the State; was requently a member of the House of Delegates; was i member of the Convention of 1830 for revising the tate Constitution; was a Senator in Congress Trom 1834 to 1837. Died at Richmond, February 2, 1S40. Leiper, George G-.; was a Representative in Jongress from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. Leitsr, Benjamin F. ; was born in Leitersbure Vashington County, Maryland, October 13, 1813- vas chiefly educated by his father; taught school in Maryland from 1830 to 1834; removed to Ohio and aught there until 1842, after which he was admit- ed to the bar, and devoted himself to the practice of aw, in which he was successful; was elected to the )hio Legislature in 1848, and was chosen temporary hairman, by the Democrats, acting as such thromrh- ut the long contest of that year between his party ml the Whigs, which is now spoken of in Ohio as he days of the Revolution"; in 1849 was re- lected, and chosen Speaker: in 1854 was elected to ongress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress erving as a member of the Committee on Indian utairs. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 293 Le Moyne, J. V.; was born in Washington Coun ty. Pennsylvania, in 1828; received a classical edu cation, gradual ing from Washington College in 1847; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, in 1852; removed to Chicago, Illinois, and commenced the practice of law; was de feated as a candidate tor the Forty-third Congress; successfully contested the seat of C. B. Farwell as a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con gress. Lent, James; was a member of Congress from New York from 1829 to 18153, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State. Died in Washington, February 24, 1833. Leonard, Georg-e ; was born in Boston, July 4, 1729; graduated at Harvard College in 1748; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1789 to 1793, and from 1795 to 1797; was a man of great wealth; for his learning was made a Doctor of Laws. Died at Newton, Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. His descendants are numerous, and many of them distinguished. Leonard, John Edwards ; was born in Ches ter County, Pennsylvania, September 22. 1845; re ceived an academic education in New Hampshire, and graduated at Harvard College in 1867; studied the civil law in Germany and received, from the Uni versity of Heidelberg, the degree of LL.D. ; settled in Louisiana and practiced law; was, fora time, Dis trict Attorney: was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-lift h Congress. Died March 15, 1878. Leonard, Moses G-.; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1845; was, for several years, Commis sioner of Emigration in the city of New York. Leonard, Stephen B.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Leslie, Preston H.; was born in Wayne County, Kentucky. March 2, 1819; was left an orphan at an early age, and became a cart-driver in Louisville, at the age of thirteen: from this and similar positions, he succeeded in earning a living; studied law, and began to practice in Monroe County, at the age of twenty-two: represented that county in the Legisla ture in 1844 and 1850; was State Senator from 1851 to 1855; removed to Barren County; was again Sena tor from 1867 to 1871; in 1869 was chosen Speaker of the Senate, and acted as Lieutenant-Governor; in 1871 was elected Governor for four years, by the re markable majority of 37,156. Letcher, John ; was born in Lexington, Rock- bridge County, Virginia, March 28, 1813; commenced his classical studies at Washington College, and completed his education at Randolph Macon College: adopted the profession of the law, and was admitted to practice in 1839; during that year established in Lexington, and for a time edited, the Valley Star; was a Presidential Elector in 1849; was a member of the Convention for Reforming the Constitution of Virginia in 1850; was elected a Representative in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving generally as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means; was Governor of Virginia from 1860 to 1864. Died at home, in Lexington, Virginia, January 26, 1884. Letcher, Robert P.; was born in Goochlancl County, Virginia; received a good education ; adopted the profession of the law; served a number of year* in the State Legislature, and was at one time elected Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Con gress from 1823 to 1835; a Presidential Elector in 1837; Governor of Kentucky from 1840 to 1844; in. 1849 was appointed Minister to Mexico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 24, 1861. Levin, Lewis C.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 10, 1808; received a liberal edu cation; graduated at Columbia College, South Caro lina; adopted the profession of the law, and practiced in Maryland, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1845 to 1851, generally serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; to him is generally awarded the credit of having founded the Native American Party. Died in Philadelphia, March 14, 1860. Levy, "William Mallory ; was born in the County of the Isle of Wight, Virginia. October 30 r 1827; received a classical and collegiate education; in 1846 volunteered in the First Louisiana Regiment for service in Mexico, and was made a Lieutenant, serving; until peace was declared in 1848; returned to Virginia,, studied law, and came to the bar in 1849; in 1853 re moved to Natchitoches, Louisiana, and devoted him self to the practice of his profession ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1860 and 1861; a Presi dential Elector in the former year; served as a Colonel in the Confederate service; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Congress. Lewis, Abner; was born in New York; was a member of the Assembly of that State from Chau- tauqua County in 1838 and 1839; was a Represent ative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847. Lewis, Barbour ; was born in Alburg, Vermont, in 1824; graduated at Illinois College in 1846; was, for some years, a teacher at Mobile, Alabama; then studied law in Albany, New York, and at Cambridge, Massachusetts; entered the Army as a Captain of Volunteers in 1861, and served until 1864; in 1863; was appointed, by the military authorities, Judge lor the District of Memphis, and served as such in 1863 and 1864; in March, 1867, was appointed President of the Board of County Commissioners of Shelby- County, Tennessee, and held the office until Novem ber, 1869; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Railroads and Canals. Lewis, Burwell B.; was born in Montgomery, Alabama, July 8, 1838; graduated at the State- University in 1857; studied law, and came to the bar in 1859; resided at Monticello and Tuscaloosa; served in the Confederate Army as an officer; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; served in the State Legislature from 1870 to 1872; in 1874 was elected a. Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress; was also elected to the Forty-sixth Con gress; resigned October 1, 1880. Lewis, Charlss H.; was a citizen of Virginia; in 1870 was appointed Minister Resident to Portugal, where he remained until 1874, w T hen he resigned. Lewis, David P.; was Governor of Alabama from 1872 to 1874. Lawis, Dixon H.; was born in Dinwiddie Coun ty, Virginia, in 1802; was educated at the South Carolina College; studied law; removed to Alabama^ 300 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. and became eminent in his profession; was an able and amiable man, and physically very large and portly, and the story is related of him that, when re turning home on one of the Southern steamers, which was wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a small boat, because the lives of several persons would thereby be jeopardized; for a time he was in great danger, but was rescued; represented Alabama in Oongress from 1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until his death, was a Senator in Congress. Died in New York, October 25, 1848. Lewis, Edward Parke Custis ; was born at Audley, Parke County, Virginia, February 7, 1837; was educated in private schools and at the University of Virginia; studied law, but ill-health prevented his engaging in its practice, and he continued in the occupation of a planter; at the beginning of the Civil War entered the Confederate Army; served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel; was, for fifteen months, a prisoner of war; in 1809 went to Europe, remaining there until 1875, when .he returned to the United States, and settled in Hoboken, New Jersey; in 1877 was elected a member of the New Jersey House of Delegates; declined a re-election; was a Delegate to the Democratic Na tional. Convention in 1880; was a member of the Democratic State Committee of New Jersey; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Portugal. Lewis, Edward T.; was born at Opelonsas, Louisiana, October 26, 1834; was educated chiefly by a private tutor, and partly at Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and engaged in practice at his native place; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Captain; in 1865 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; resigned in 1866 and resumed the practice of his pro fession ; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew S. Herron, who died .soon after his own election. Lewis, Francis ; was born in LlandafF, Wales, in March, 1713; was educated at Westminster; emi grated to America in 1735, and settled in New York as a merchant; in the prosecution of his business visited Russia and other parts of Europe; as Agent for supplying the British troops was present at Fort Oswego when it surrendered to Montcalm, and as a prisoner was taken to Montreal and to France; after his release returned to America; became one of the "Sons of Liberty"; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1776 to 1779; signed the Ar ticles of Confederation; was also one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; after a long course of successful business operations, died December 30 1803. Lewis, James T.; was born in Clarendon, Or leans County, New York, October 30, 1819; received an academic education; studied law, and settled at Columbus, Wisconsin, in 1845; was elected Probate Judge of Columbia County in 1846; District Attor ney in 1847; member of the State Constitutional Con vention of the same year; took an interest in mili tary affairs, and was made a General of Militia; was elected to the State Legislature in 1851; to the State Senate in 1852; Lieutenant-Governor in 1853; Secre tary of State in 1861 ; Governor of Wisconsin in 1863, declining a re-nomination; took an active part in public affairs during the Rebellion, and did much to promote the Union cause. Lewis, J. H.; was born in Tompkins County, New York, July 21, 1830; removed to Illinois in 1836; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1860; in that year was elected clerk of the Circuit Court of Knox County; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1874; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-seventh Congress. Lewis, John F. ; was born near Port Republic, Virginia, March 1, 1818; was raised as a farmer, which occupation he followed; in 1861 was elected to the Convention called for the purpose of determining whether Virginia should remain in the Union or cast her lot with the Gulf States, and was the only mem ber of that body who refused to sign the Ordinance of Secession; was a Union candidate for Congress in 1865, and defeated; in 1869 was nominated for Lieu tenant-Governor, and elected; was elected a United States Senator from Virginia in 1869, and took his seat in 1870 for the term ending in 1875, serving on the Committee on Engrossed Bills, r.nd Chairman of that on the District of Columbia. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1817. Lewis, Joseph H.; was born in Barren County, Kentucky, October 29, 1824; graduated at Centre College in 1843; studied and practiced law, was a member of the State Legislature in 1850, 1851, 1852, and 1869; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, for the unexpired term of I. S. Golloday, resigned; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving ou the Committee on Accounts. Lewis, Joseph J.; was born in Pennsylvania; in 1863 was appointed from that State Commissioner of Internal Revenue in the Treasury Department, re maining in office until 1865. Died in April, 1883. Lewis, Joseph R.; was an early emigrant to Washington Territory; in 1872 was appointed an As sociate Justice of the United States Court for that District. Lewis, Joshua; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Orleans; in 1806 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that District. Lewis, Meriwether ; was born near Charlottes- ville, Virginia, August 18, 1774; his father died when he was a child, and at the age of eighteen he relin quished his academic studies for farming, which he pursued for two years; was a volunteer daring the Whisky Insurrection; was transferred to the regular service as Ensign in 1795, and became Captain in 1800; was the Private Secretary of President Jeffer son for two years, and in 1803 was sent by him upon an exploring expedition across the continent to the Pacific; at his request Clarke was appointed to ac company him, and they returned in 1816; was made Governor of Louisiana Territory in 1807, and restored the country from strife and dissensions to order; was subject to attacks of hypochondria, and while under the influence of this disorder, put an end to his life near Nashville, October 11. 1809. A narrative of the expedition of Lewis and Clarke, from materials fur nished by each explorer, was prepared by Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen, with a memoir of Lewis by Jefferson, published in 2 vols., 8vo, 1814. Lewis, Morgan ; was born in New York, Octo ber 16, 1754; graduated at New Jersey College in 1773; studied law in the office of John Jay; in June, 1775, joined the army at Cambridge; was made BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 301 Captain of a rifle company in August; Major of the Se^oTrl New York Regiment in November; Colonel and cuief of Staff to General Gates in .rune, 1776, and soon after Quartermaster-General of the Northern Department; was present at the surrender of Bur- goyne; accompanied General Clinton in the ex pedition up the Mohawk; at Stone Arabia led the advance and routed the Indian foe; was admitted to the bar at the close of the war, and practiced in Dcrichess County; was a Judge of the Court of Com- >,mon Pleas; Attorney-General of the State in 1791; Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1792; Chief Justice in 1801; Governor from 1804 to 1807; Member of the State Legislature from 1808 to 1811; \vasappointed Quartermaster-General with the rank of Brigadier-General in 1812; Major-General in 1813 and ordered to the Niagara frontier; made a successful de scent on the British side of Niagara River April 28, 1813; in 1814 was intrusted with the defense of New York City; subsequently devoted himself to litera ture and agriculture; in 1835 was President of the New York Historical Society; February 22, 1832, delivered a Centennial address, in honor of Washing ton, before the civil authorities. Died in New York, October 16, 1854. Lewis, Seth ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Mississippi; in 1800 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that District. Lewis, Thomas ; was born in Donegal County, Ireland, April 27, 1718; received a liberal education; was an excellent mathematician; became surveyor of Augusta County in 1745; was a member of the House of Burgesses, where he advocated the resolutions of Patrick Henry in 1765 ; also a member of the State Conventions of 1775 and 1776, in which he aided in preparing the Declaration of Rights in the State Con stitution, and of the Convention of 1788 which rati fied the Federal Constitution; as a member of the First House of Delegates he united with Jefferson in enacting religious toleration; was a member of the Committee of Safety, and one of the boldest patriots of Virginia. Died at Port Republic, Virginia, Janu ary 31, 1790. Lewis, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from October 17, 1803, to March 5, 18i>4, when his seat was successfully contested by A. Moore. Lewis, William ; was a native of Pennsylvania; in 1791 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Pennsylvania. Lewis, William J.; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1819. L Hommedieu, Ezra ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1754; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and again in 1787 and 1788. Died in 1811. Libbey, Harry ; was born at Wakefield, New Hampshire, in 1843; received a common school edu- oati.Mij; iu ! 8>1 went to Old Point Comfort. Virginia, in fie ".liiiioy i.-f t .e Adnms Kxprcss C>i;i;mny: after- warl engaged in bvisii.ess with his hrot. ier. Joseph Li!)!" y, in \ spU;: I in l.ii/ubct t City County, V:r;.nt;i:i, in t.." men a. :f Ho business, in which he wa.s successful; i.i .8 ... \v;;s appointed one of the Presid ing .1 ustices of the comity ; was ele -trd a l. epreseuta- fivc 1 iom Yi.gimA to ti.e Forty eighth Coii^res-s ; AA.LS ,e e.c led t.i ti.o Forty ninth Coiijji Ods. b^rtF.: was Jiori in Clarke County, /. eel an academic edututiou; removed 10 Alabama when a youth; studied and practiced law; served in the Mexican War as a Captain; was a Rep resentative in the Legislature in 1849 and 1850; a State Senator in 1860, and again in 1863; was a Cap tain in the Confederate Army; was Lieu tenant-Gov ernor in 1874; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fifth Congress. Ligon, Thomas Watkins ; was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia; was placed, at an early age, at Hampden Sidney College, but finished his education at the University of Virginia; studied law; after spending a year and a half at the Yale Law School, settled in Baltimore; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1845 to 1849; in 1854 was elected Governor of that State. Died Jan uary 13, 1881. Lilly, Samuel ; was born in New York; adopted the medical profession; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1855. Lincoln, Abraham ; was born in Hardin Coun ty, Kentucky, February 12, 1809; removed, with his father, to Indiana, in 1816; received a limited edu cation; worked at rail-splitting for a time; twice visited New Orleans as a boatman; removed to Illi nois in 1830, and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits; served as a Captain of Volunteers in the Black Hawk War; was at one time Postmaster of New Salem; served four years in the Illinois Legislature, viz., 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840, during which time he turned his attention to the study of law with John T. Stuart, and settled at Springfield in the practice of that profession; was a member of the " National Con vention which nominated General Taylor for Presi dent in 1848; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on Expenses in the War Department; in 1858 acquired distinction by stumping the State of Illinois for the United States Senate, against S. A. Douglas; in 1860 was nominated by the Republican party as their candi date for President of the United States, and was duly elected to that position for the term commencing; March 4, 1861; by the " Baltimore Convention," held in 1864, was nominated for re-election to the Presi dency, and was triumphantly elected; in December, 1864, the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Princeton College; on April 14, 1865, while seated in a private box at the theatre, he Avas shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth, an actor, and died at seven o clock on the following morning; the circum stances of his death filled the whole land with hor ror, and the demonstrations to his memory were heartfelt and universal; his name was everywhere mentioned, with rare kindness, as the " Mtrvj~ - ed President." Lincoln, Enoch ; was born in Worcester, Massa chusetts, December 28, 1788; after studying law, set tled in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards removed to Paris; was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts from 1818 to 1820, succeeding A. K. Parris, resigned, and from 1821 to 1826 from the new State of Maine; was then elected Governor of Maine, and re-elected in 1828; he published, while at Fryeburg, a poeni, entitled " The Village "; was also the author of some histor ical recollections of Maine. Died at Augusta, Octo ber 8, 1829. Lincoln, Levi ; was born May 1.". 17<!<\ it TTi v-- ham, Massachusetts; gnidin>t<"l ;it lljuvju,, Co! <<* in I 1 * 72, and setilcl ;i* a hr.vyer in Worcester, v h TO he rose to distinction: \v;ts a Judge 01 Pnriau , ;t State Senator in l.D,; Cou.iiy PiuoecuKu- in I.Jo, 302 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. \vas a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801; during the administration of President Adams he wrote a series of political papers, called "Farmer s Letters"; in 1801 was appointed Attorney-General of the United States, and acted as Secretary of State until Mr. Madison reached Washington; was a State Counselor in 1806, 1810, and 1811; in 1807 was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, acting as Governor in 1809, after the death of Governor Sulli- ran; in 1811 was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, but declined the office. Died at Worcester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, aged seven ty-one years. Lincoln, Levi ; was born in Massachusetts, Oc tober 25, 1782; was a State Senator in 1812; a State Representative from 1814 to 1823, and Speaker in 1822; Lieutenant-Governor of Massschusetts in 1823; Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1824; a Presidential Elector in 1825 and 1864; Governor of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834; from 1834 to 1841 was a Representative in Congress; was Collector of Customs at Boston from 1841 to 1843; a State Senator in 1844 and 1845, and President of the Senate; Mayor of Worcester in 1848. Died at Worcester, May 29, 1868. Lincoln, Robert T.; son of President Lincoln; was born at Springfield, Illinois, August 1, 1843; re ceived a collegiate education, graduating at Harvard College in 1864; attended the Harvard Law School for a few months and then entered the Union Army as Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General; resigned in June. 1865; continued the study of law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1867 and engaged in practice at Chicago. Illinois; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; in March, 1881, was appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Garfield. and continued in that position in the Cabinet of President Arthur. Lincoln William S.; was born in Newark Val ley, Tioga County, Xew York, August 13, 1813; was educated for mercantile pursuits, and after devoting his attention for many years to merchandising; be came engaged in the manufacture of leather; was Postmaster of Newark Valley from 1838 to 1866; was also Supervisor of the town for several years; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Lindley, James J.; was born at Mansfield, Ohio, January 1, 1822; went with his parents to Kentucky when a boy, and lived at Cynthiana sev eral years; was a student in Woodville College, Ohio, for two years; studied law, and located at Monticello, Missouri, in 1846; in 1848 was elected Circuit At torney for eight counties, and re-elected in 1852; was si Representative from Missouri in the Thirty-third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress; afterwards removed to Davenport, Iowa, and engaged in the practice of his profession. Lindsay, Robert B.; was Governor of Alabama from 1871 to 1872. Lindsey, Stephen D.; was born at Norridge- woek, Maine, March 3, 1828; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in 1853; was a Representa tive in the ShUe Legislature in 1856; Clerk of the Judicial Courts in Somerset County from 1857 to I860; Delegate to the Republican National Conven tions of 1860 and 1868; a State Senator from 1868 to 1870, and President of the Senate in 1869; a mem ber of the Executive Council in 1874; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Died April 30, 1884. Lindsley, James Girard ; was born at Or ange, New Jersey, March 19, 1819, his ancestors hav ing been among the first settlers of Newark, Ne\v Jersey, in 1666; was reared on a farm, assisting his father in his duties as farmer, men-bant, and Post master; attended the district schools, and Ixetween the ages of twelve and sixteen years, attended Ran som s Military Academy and Piersoii s Classical School; at the age of sixteen became an apprentice to the hatter s trade, and followed that occupation until 1843; then engaged in the business of burning lime in New York City; the next year gave up that business, and began the sale of lime, cement, and other building materials, in connection with the Newark Lime and Cement Company, at Paterson, New Jersey, in which he continued two years; then sold out his business, and took charge of the com pany s works at Ron clout. New York; was elected President of the village of Rondout in 1852; in 1859 was elected Trustee of the village, and was re-elected in 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864; was again elected President of the village in 1867, and was re- elected in 1868 and 1869; in 1872 was elected Super visor of the town of Kingston, New York; in the same year was elected the first Mayor of the city ol Kingston, and was re-elected for six consecutive years; became President of the Kingston City Rail road Company, President of the Kingston Water Works Company, and President of the Albert Manu facturing Company, of New Brunswick, B. A.: in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Lindsley, "William D.; was born in Connecti cut; removed to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Linn, Archibald L.; was born in New York in 1802; graduated at Union College: studied law in Schcnectady, and came to the bar in that city; was twice elected Mayor of the same; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1841 to 1813; in 1844 was elected to the State Assembly. Died in Grassfield, New York, October 10, 1857. Linn, James ; graduated from Princeton College in 1769; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1799 to 1801. when he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Supervisor of the Revenue- also for many years held the office of Secretary of State of New Jersey. Died at Trenton, December , 1-S20. Linn, John; was born in New Jersey; was for many years a member of the New Jersey Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821. Died January 6, 1821. Linn, Lewis F.; was born in Louisville, Ken- ;ucky, November 5, 1796; was educated chiefly by an elder brother, and studied medicine; in 1.-JU9 re moved to Missouri, and in 1814 helped to light the aattles of his country; after successfully practicing tiis profession, was elected to the State Legislature n 1H27: in 1833 was elected a Senator in Congress, n which capacity he served until his death, which K-curred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, October 3, 1843. e proved himself to be a man of remarkable abili- ies, identified himself throughout his whole career n Congress with the interests of the Valley of the Mississippi, and, when he died, many of the best nen in the country, eulogized him for his manifold irtues. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 303 Lippitt, Henry ; was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1875, and was re-elected in 1876. Lispenard, Leonard ; was a Delegate from New York to the Colonial Congress, which met in New York City in 1765. Litchfleld, Elisha ; was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1795; served five years in the New York Legislature from Onondaga County; in 1848 was Speaker; was many years a Justice of the Peace at Delphi, New York; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Cazenovia, New York, A ugust 4, 1859. Little, Edward P.; was born in Massachusetts in 1788; was a State Representative from 1829 to 1834, and from 1835 to 1838; was a Representative in Congress from 1852 to 1853; was Collector at Ply mouth from 1853 to 1857. Little, John ; was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1*37. his parents having removed there, from Vir ginia, in 1833, and settled upon a tract of woodland; his early days were spent in assisting his father to prepare his land for cultivation, and his early educa tion was obtained at the country schools, which he was required to attend with great regularity; in 1856 entered Antioch College, Ohio, and, after two years in the preparatory and four years in the college de partments, was graduated in 1862; was compelled to labor on a farm and in the shop, and to teach school a portion of the time during his evenings and vaca tions, in order to obtain means to prosecute his studies; his father being a cooper as well as a farmer, young Little learned that trade; after leaving college he taught school for a short time, and then began the study of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1865 and engaged in practice at Xenia, Obio; in 1866 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the county and was re-elected in 1868; in 1869 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature, and resigned as Prose cuting Attorney; was re-elected in 1871; in 1873 was elected Attorney -General of Ohio, and was re-elected in 1875; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Little, Peter; was born in Petersburg, Pennsyl vania; removed to Maryland, and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1813; in the latter year was appointed, by President Madison, Colonel of Infantry; was again a Repre sentative in Congress from 1816 to 1829. Died Feb ruary 5, 1830, in Baltimore County, Maryland. Littlefleld, Alfred H.; was born at Scituate, Rhode Island. April 2, 1829 ; received a common school education; was a member of the Town Coun cil of Lincoln. Rhode Island, for five years; engaged in the business of manufacturing; served two years as a Representative in the State Legislature; two years as a State Senator; was Governor of Rhode Island from 1880 to 1883. Littlefleld, Nathaniel S.; was born in Wells, York County, Maine, September 20, 1804; received a common school education; studied and adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Maine Senate in 1837, 1838, and 1839; President of the same apart of the time: was a Representative from Maine to the Twenty-seventh and Thiity-first Con gresses; was a member of the Maine House of Repre sentatives in 1854; was a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Littlejohn, DeWitt O.; was born in Bridge- water, Oneida County, New York, February 7, 1818; received a thorough academic education; after 139 engaged largely in the commerce of the lakes and canals, as well as in the manufacture of flour; served as President of the village of Oswego, and when it became a city became an Alderman, and was twice elected Mayor; was seven times elected to the As sembly of New York, presiding as Speaker during five terms; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions: after retiring from Congress was again elected to the State Legislature. Livermore, Arthur ; was born in Londonderry, Xew Hampshire, July 26, 1776; was a Jxulge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816: a Presidential Elector in 1801; from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the Common Pleas; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825; died at Campton, New Hampshire, July 1, 18511 He was the son of Samuel Livermore. Livermore, Edward St. Loe ; was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, April 5, 1762; was a Counselor-at-Law: was United States Circuit Attor ney; Judge of the State Superior Court from 1797 to 1799; Representative in Congress from 1807 to 1812; removed to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1813. Died at Lowell, Massachusetts, September 22, 1832. Livermore, Samuel; was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, May 14, 1732; graduated at Princeton College in 1752; came to the bar in 1769; was Judge Advocate of the Admiralty before the Revolution; subsequently Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire; was a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1801, when he resigned; Avas President pro tern, of that body during two sessions. Died at Holderness, May, 1803. Livingston, Brockliolst; was born in New York, November 25, 1757; entered Princeton College, but left in 1776; served with Arnold at the capture of Burgoyne, in 1779; was private Secretary to John lay during his mission to Spain, in 1779; studied aw, and eame to the bar in 1783; in 1802 became Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; in 1806 was appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in Washington, March 1 1, 1823. Was the son of Governor William Livingston. Livingston, Edward ; was born at Claremont, Livingston Manor, New York, in 1764; graduated at Princeton College in 1781; studied law, and was Admitted to the bar in 1785; pursued his profession until 1795, when he was elected a Representative to Congress from New York City, serving until 1802; was then appointed United States Attorney for the District of New York, and was also Mayor of the ity; removing to New Orleans in 1804, became eminent there as a lawyer; at the invasion of Louis iana acted as an aid to General Jackson; was em ployed in negotiations for the exchange of prisoners ifter the war; was elected a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829; was a Sena tor of the United States from 1829 to 1831, when he >vas appointed, by President Jackson, Secretary of; State; in 1833 was made Minister to France; his Penal Code " is considered a monument of his pro found learning. Died at Rhinebeck, New York. May >3, 1836. S04 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Livingston, Henry Walter ; was born m 1764; graduated at Yale College in 1786; was educated to the law; in 1792 was Secretary to Mr. Morris, Am- bissador to France; was a Representative in Congress [from New York from 1803 to 1807. Died at Living- Btan Manor, New York, December 22, 1810, aged forty-two years. L vino-ston, Philip ; was "born in Albany, New York, January 15, 1716; graduated at Yale College in 1737- was a successful merchant in New lork City; fwaa an Alderman for four years; served several years in the State Legislature, and corresponded with Ld- jnond Burke on commercial matters; was President of the Provincial Congress in 1775; with Lee and Jay was appointed to memorialize the British Govern ment; was a Delegat^ to Congress from 1774 to 17/8; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; subsequently served in the Senate of New York. Died June 12, 1778. He was noted for his rare busi ness capacity and his benevolence, and was the founder of the Professorship of Divinity in Yale Col- le^e; was also one of the founders of the Society Li brary, and aided in establishing Columbia College. Livingston, Robert Le Boy ; graduated from Princeton College in 1784; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from the Sixth Congressional Dis trict of New York from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in 1812, when he was succeeded by T. P. Grosvenor; was then appointed, by President Madison, Lieuten ant-Colonel of Infantry. Livingston, Robert R.; was born in New York, November 27, 1747; graduated at King s College in 1765; studied law, and was appointed Recorder of the city of New York, which office he resigned at the beginning of the Revolution; in 1775 was elected to the Assembly from Dutchess County; the same year was sent as a Delegate to the Continental Congress, serving until 1777, and was a member of the Com mittee for draughting the Declaration of Independ ence; was also a Delegate from 1779 to 1781, and in the latter year was appointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs; on resigning, he received the thanks of Congress; was appointed Chancellor of New York under the new Constitution, and filled that office nntil 1801; in 1788 was Chairman of the State Con tention which adopted the Federal Constitution; in 1794 declined the appointment of Minister to France, tendered him by Washington; in 1801 accepted that office, and proceeded to Paris; after the close of his mission Napoleon presented him with a snuff-box, containing a miniature of himself by Isabeyj with the assistance of Monroe he made the purchase of Louisiana; in Paris he formed ah intimacy with Robert Fulton, and was instrumental in the intro duction of steam navigation into the United States; introduced merino sheep and gypsum into New York; was President of an Agricultural Society and of the Academy of Fine Arts; published an oration deliv ered before the Cincinnati Society in 1787, and other essays. Died in 1813, aged sixty-six years. Livingston, Van Brugh; was a c ii.^n of New York; in 1848 was appointed Minister Resilient to Ecuador, but only remained there .1 ...ml one year. Iihrngston, Walter; was a Delegate l ,om v Yoric to the Continental Cou^rco-s in 1164 and l.H.-.. L .v n^ston. \\~il ir>. m ; was bor-i in Allmvy, New York. Novrm xv :!(). 172.1: g ;ni;i:ile.l at Yale (! in 1741 : was a 1 iwyer by }>r >ie.ssi,>n, and be- i- Oi tl.c b..r oi New 1 uik and New Jersey; from 1752 to 1758 published sev eral works on law and politics; in 1758 was elected a member of the Assembly; purchased a tract of land in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, built a house called "Liberty Hall," and removed there in 1773, where he resided during the remainder of his life; was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774; re-elected in 1775, and served on the most im portant committees; was recalled June 5, to com mand, as Brigadier-General, the State Militia; suc ceeded William Franklin (deposed) as Governor in 1776, and held the office until his death; he was called by the British the " Don Quixote of the Jer seys " from having so frequently escaped their at tempts to kidnap him; in 1787 was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention; refused the commission to superintend the Federal Buildings, and as Minis ter to Holland ; was the author of a poem called "Philosophical Solitude," and a variety of political and other tracts. Died in Elizabeth, New Jersey, July 25, 1780. Lloyd, Edward ; was a Delegate to the Conti-i nental Congress in 1783 and 1784; a member of Con gress from 1806 to 1809; Governor of Maryland from Ts09 to 1811; a Presidential Elector in 1812; United States Senator from Maryland from 1819 to 1826, when he resigned; was highly respected both in public and private life. Died June 2, 1834. Lloyd, Henry ; was born at Harnbrooke, Dor chester County, Maryland, February 21, 1852; passed his boyhood on his father s farm; in 1860 re moved, with his parents, to Cambridge, Maryland; was educated at the Cambridge Male Academy; lef school at the age of seventeen, and commenced the study of the law; while pursuing his legal studies, began teaching a country school, and three months later was elected Assistant Principal of the Cam bridge Academy; in 1873 was admitted to the bar; in 1874 became Principal of the Cambridge Academy, and he continued in that position until July, 1880, when he resigned to engage in the practice of law a Cambridge, Maryland; was Auditor of the Circui Court for Dorchester County, Maryland, from 187 to 1884, and a portion of that time was also Clerk and Treasurer to the Commissioners of the town o! Cambridge; in 1881 was elected a State Senator; ir 1884 was elected President of the State Senate; in March, 1885, upon the appointment of Governor Me- Lane as United States Minister to France, became Governor of Maryland, cx-officio; in January, 1886, was elected, by the Legislature, Governor of th< State for the unexpired term ending in 1888. Lloyd, James ; was a Senator in Congress frorr Maryland, from 1797 to 1800, when he resigned. Lloyd, James; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, in 1769; graduated from Harvard Univers ity in 1787; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, and resided in Russia a number of years; devotee some attention to literature; was elected a membe: of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; re ooived from his Alma Mater, in 1826, the degree o Doe.lov o, 1/r.vs: uv.s a Senator in Congress fron M.i-sav i IM-: is, 1 nim IS ;s to Ksl:!, when he resigned vnd i ;ii:i. I i-om 1SJ2 to IN); serving as Chairman o the C nuiniltees on ConuiKMce and .Vival Affairs; hi: ivp.r uio i wu-i that 01 a-> abu- sla:e-;mari. and ; xvf-i lhv -it ll lonevolc.it 111.111. Died in jv Jw Yor] City, \\y.\\ ."), 18.il. Loan, BoEiamiri F.; was boni in irarlinsbnrg 1 reekiiiriuj.e County, Kentucky, in ISl ,-; sett!e,l ii ..a,l uJo^Uxl the le^il proiusoion BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. when the Rebellion broke out, in 1861, he took an ac tive part in military affairs, and was appointed a Brigadier-General; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Military Af fairs; was subsequently reported against by the Com mittee on Elections, but the action of the Committee was not sustained by the House, and he retained his seat; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, Freedmen, and Debts of the Loyal States; was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on that on Freedmen s Affairs; in 1869 was ap pointed a Visitor to West Point. Locke, Francis ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 31, 1766; was elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1803; having resigned was chosen a Senator in Congress for the years 1814 and 1815 from his native State, but appears not to have taken his seat; in 1809 was a Presidential Elector. Died January, 1823. Locke, James W.; was born in Wilmington, Vermont, October 30, 1837; received a common school education; studied law; was in the Naval Ser vice during the war for the Union; after the war prac ticed his profession at Key West; in 1866 was ap- pointe I Clerk of the United States Court for South ern Florida; in 1868 became Judge of Monroe Coun ty; served in the State Senate in 1870 and 1871; in 1872 was appointed United States Judge for the Southern District of Florida. Locke, Jolin; was born in Hopkinton, Massa chusetts, in 1764; graduated at Cambridge in 1792; was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Ashby; represented that town in the Legislature in 1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823; in 1820 was a member of the "Constitutional Convention" of the State; from 1823 to 1829 was a Representative in Congress from the Worcester North District; in 1830 was a State Senator from Middlesex County; in 1831 was a mem ber of the Executive Council ; removed to Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to Boston, where he died, March 29, 1855. Locke, Matthew ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, 1730; was a member of the Congress at Halifax, in 1776, which formed the Constitution of North Carolina, and was a Representative in the Con gress of the United States from 1793 to 1799; also served in the Legislature, and four of his sons were at one time in the Revolutionary War. Died in 1801. Locke, Powhattan B.; was born in Kentucky; removed to Missouri ; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Nevada, re siding at Carson City. Lockhart, James ; was born in Auburn, New York, February 13, 1806; removed to Indiana in 1832; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834; in 1841 and 1842 was elected Prosecuting Attorney; from 1845 to 1851 was Judge of the Fourth Judicial District when he resigned; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1850; was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1853. Died at Evansville, Indiana, September 7, 1857. Lock-wood, Daniel Newton; was born in Hamburg, Erie County, New York, June 1, 1844; graduated at Union College in 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the tc in 1866, and began practice in Buffalo; in 1874 20 was elected District Attorney for Erie County fnf the term of three years; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Lockwood, H. A.; was born at Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York, August 13, 1834; in 1839 removed, with his parents, to Prarieville (now Waukesha), Wisconsin; owing to the lack of educa tional facilities, the surrounding country being then a wilderness, he received his early education from his mother, supplemented by occasional attendance at the public school, and by study at night while em ployed in a country store which he entered at the age often years; was afterward employed in the local post office and the telegraph office at Waukesha; in 1853 was appointed to a clerkship in the office of the Commissioner of Customs at Washington ; was com missioned Acting Commissioner of Customs June 1, 1871, during an interim, holding the office until July 3d of that year; July 1, 1875, was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Customs, remaining in that position. Lockwood, "William F.; was born in Connec ticut; removed to Nebraska; was appointed an As sociate Justice of that Territory, residing at Dakota City. Lofland, James B.; was born in Milford, Dela ware, November 2, 1823, graduated at Delaware Col lege in 1845; was admitted to the bar in 1849; was Secretary of the State Senate in 1849; a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution in 1853; Secretary of State in 1855 and 1859; was ap pointed a paymaster in the army in 1863, and re signed in 1867; was elected to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Logan, Cornelius A.; was a citizen of Kansas; was United States Minister to Chili from 1873 to 1877; was Minister to Central America from 1879 to 1882, when he was again appointed United States Minister to Chili. Logan, George ; was born at Stanton, near Phil adelphia, September 9, 1753; was educated, at Edin burgh, for the medical profession, but devoted a great portion of his time to agriculture, and was a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania; in 1798 embarked for Europe for the sole purpose of preventing a war between America and France, and prepared the way for a negotiation which terminated in peace; was a Senator of the United States from 1801 to 1807; went to England in February, 1810, on the same errand which took him to France, but not with the same success; was an active member of the Philosophical Society and the State Board of Agriculture, and in 1797 published "Experiments on Gypsum" and "Rotation of Crops. " Died, at Stanton, April 9, 1821. Logan, Henry ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839. Logan, John Alexander; was born in Jackson County, Illinois, February 9, 1826; received a com mon school education; went with the army as a private in the war with Mexico, and was made Quartermaster of his regiment; in 1849 was elected County Clerk of Jackson County, but resigned; in 1850 studied law, and came to the bar in 1852, having graduated at the Louisville University; in 1852 was elected to the Illinois Legislature; in 1853 was ap pointed a Prosecuting Attorney; in 1856 a Presiden tial Elector; a second time elected to the Legislature; 306 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in 1858 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business; re-elected to Thirty -seventh Congress; resigned, and served as a Colonel in the Union Army in 1861 ; was subsequently commissioned a Major-General; commanded with dis tinction the Army of Tennessee; in November, 1865, was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister to the Republic of Mexico, but declined; was a Delegate to the "Soldiers Convention" held in Pittsburg, in 1866; of the Chicago Convention of 1868; was elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ordnance, and on those on Retrenchment, and Ways and Means; was one of the Managers in the Impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson; in 1871 took his seat in the United States Senate for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committee on Elections, and as Chair man of that on Military Affairs; was again elected to the United States Senate in 1878, for the term ending in 1885; was re-elected in 1885. Died in Washing ton, D. C., December 26, 1886. Logan, William; was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, December 8, 1776; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" in 1799; studied IRAV, and practiced with success; was frequently in the Legislature, and officiated as Speaker; was twice chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1819 and 1820. Died August 8, 1822. He was the first white child born in Kentucky. His father, Benjamin, was a dis tinguished General and Pioneer. Long, Alexander; was born in Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1816; was educated at Gary s Academy (now Farmer s Col lege), Ohio; adopted the profession of the law, prac ticing in Cincinnati; was elected to the Ohio Legisla ture in 1848 and 1819; in 1862 was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Long, Ed-ward H.; was born in Maryland in 1808; graduated at Yale College; adopted and prac ticed the profession of law; served a number of years in the Maryland Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1845 to 1847. Died in Somerset, Maryland, in October, 1865. He was a man of ability, and at one time was a candidate for the United States Senate. Long, John ; was born in London County, Vir ginia; was a farmer by profession; entered public life as a Senator in the Assembly in 1815; in 1821 was elected to Congress as a Representative from North Carolina, where he remained until 1829. Long, John Davis; was born at Buckfield, Maine, October 27, 1838; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1857; taught school from 1857 to 1859; at tended the Cambridge Law School in 1860 and 1861 ; studied law, and settled in the practice at Boston, Massachusetts, in 1867; became a resident of Hing- ham, Massachusetts, in 1869, still continuing to prac tice in Boston; served in the State House of Repre sentatives from 1875 to 1879, the last three years as Speaker; was Lieutenant-Go vernor of the State in 1879; Governor from 1879 to 1882; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Long, Pierce ; was a Delegate from New Hamp shire to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Longfellow, Stephen; was born in Gorham, Massachusetts, June 23, 1775; graduated at Harvard University in 1798; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1801; was, for many years, a leading politician and lawyer in Maine; was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a member of the "Hartford Convention " in 1814, of which body, at the time of his death, he was the only surviving Delegate from Massachusetts; from 1817 to 1836 was a member of the Corporation of Bowdoin College, from which in stitution he received the degree of LL.D. ; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1819; a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1823 to 1825; a Representative in the Maine Legisla ture in 1826. Died at Portland, August 2, 1849. He was the father of the distinguished poet, Long fellow. Longford, William GK; was born in Greene County, Ohio, August 10, 1834; while a child, was taken, by his parents, to the State of New York, where he remained until ten years of age; then went to live with a brother in Iowa, with whom he resided until 1850, at which time he emigrated to Oregon; first engaged as a farm hand in the Wallamette Val ley, in Oregon, for a short time; then worked at rail- splitting until he had sufficient means to procure a mining outfit, when he proceeded, alone, through the Indian country, to Sou them Oregon, where he worked until 1854; his previous education had been limited to a brief attendance at the common schools in Iowa; was an inveterate reader, and thus gained much val uable information; commenced the study of law; in 1856 served, for a short time, as a volunteer during the Indian war; in 1857 completed his legal studies, and was admitted to the bar at Portland, Oregon, and entered upon the practice of law there; in 1858 was an unsuccessful candidate for Prosecuting Attor ney of the Portland District; from 1859 to 1862 was engaged in the practice of law at Vancouver, Wash ington Territory; in 1863 was appointed, by the Gov ernor, Prosecuting Attorney for the Watsons District; in the fall of that year removed to Walla Walla, where he remained until 1867; in 1864 was elected a Representative in the Territorial Legislature, serv ing three years; in 1868 started on a roving expedi tion, which lasted until 1875; during that time prac ticed law in Mississippi, Texas, and at San Francisco, California; in 1875 located at Lewiston, Idaho; was elected to the Upper House of the Idaho Legislature; at the expiration of his term of service removed to Walla Walla, Washington Territory; was elected City Attorney, and was four times re-elected; in Novem ber, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wash ington Territory. Longnecker, Henry C.; was born in Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1825; was educated at the Wilbraham Academy, Massachusetts, the Norwich Military University, of Vermont, and Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, where he graduated; adopted the profession of the law; served as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the war with Mexico; on his return was elected District At torney of Lehigh County; in 1851 was a member of a Democratic Convention for nominating State Judges; in 1854 was a member of another Conven tion for nominating State Officers; was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee oti Military Affairs; as Colonel of the Ninth Pennsyl vania Infantry, commanded a brigade in Western Vir ginia at the commencement of the Rebellion in 186 J ; subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia at the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 307 Battle of Antietam; in 1867 was appointed an Asso ciate Judge of Lehigh County. Died September 18, 1871. Longstreet, James ; was born in South Caro lina about 1823; removed, with his parents, to Ala bama in childhood; received a good education; in 1838 was appointed a Cadet at the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York; grad uated in 1842, and was commissioned a Brevet Sec ond Lieutenant in the United States Army; in March, 1845, was commissioned a Second Lieutenant; served with conspicuous gallantry throughout the war with Mexico, and was rapidly advanced as a reward for his bravery, being commissioned First Lieutenant in February. 1847; Brevet Captain in August, 1847; Brevet Major in September, 1S47; was severely wounded at the battle of Chapultepec; was Chief Commissary of the Department of Texas from 1849 to 1851; was commissioned Captain in Decem ber, 1852, and Major and Paymaster in July ,_ 1858; in June, 1861, resigned his commission, and joined the Confederate Army; served throughout the Civil War, rising to the rank of Major-General; after the close of the war settled at Atlanta, Georgia; advo cated submission to the reconstruction laws, and "accepted the situation"; was appointed, by Presi dent Grant, United States Marshal for the District of Georgia; in 1880 was appointed, by President Hayes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary of the United States to Turkey; resigned in 1881, and returned home; was re-appointed United States Marshal for Georgia, serving until 1885. Longyear, John W.; was born in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York, October 22, 1820; received a good academic education; removed to Michigan in 1844; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Com- Tnerce, and as Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures on the Public Buildings; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the same commit tees; waS a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866; in 1870 became a Judge of the District Court of Michigan. Looker, Othniel ; was born on Long Island, New York, October 4, 1757; began life as a weaver, and by his own exertions received a liberal educa tion; served five years in the Revolutionary Army; also served in both branches of the New York Legis lature; in 1804 removed to Ohio, where he served for many years in the State Senate; in 1814 became Governor by virtue of his office as Speaker of the Senate; was for seven yfcars a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Died in Palestine, Illinois, April 5, 1845. Loomis, Arphaxad; was for three years a member of the Legislature of New York from Herki- mer County; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Loomis, Dwight ; was born in Columbia, Tol- land County, Connecticut, July 27, 1821; received a common school education; passed the most of his youth on a farm; taught school for about one year; commenced the study of law in 1844; finished his legal studies at New Haven, and was admitted to the bar in 1847, after which time he practiced his profession at Rockville, Connecticut; in 1851 was elected to the Connecticut Legislature; in 1856 was a Delegate to the "People s Convention" in Phila delphia; was a State Senator in 1857; was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and on Agri culture; was subsequently placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. Lord, Frederick W.; was born in Lyme, Connecticut, December 11, 1800; graduated at Yale College in 1821; was for two years Professor of Mathematics in Washington College; had charge for three years of an academy in the city of Baltimore; devoted himself in Baltimore for several years to the study of medicine, and received a diploma from Yale College in 1829; spent fifteen years in the practice of his profession at Sag Harbor, New York, when he re tired; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1849; was a Delegate to the Balti more "National Convention" in 1840. Died at New York, May 24, 1860. Lord, Henry W.; was born at Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1821; received an academic edu cation; removed to Detroit, Michigan, in 1839, and to Pontiac, Michigan, in 1843, where he engaged in farming and merchandising; was United States Con sul at Manchester, England, from 1861 to 1867, and devised valuable plans for perfecting the Consular Service; became a member of the State Board of Charities and Corrections in 1871, and continued in that position; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; in that year removed to Detroit; was elected a Repre sentative from Michigan to the Forty-seventh Con gress. Lord, Scott ; was born in Nelson, Madison County, New York, December 11, 1820; received an academic education, and adopted the profession of the law; held the offices of Judge and Surrogate in Utica; practiced his profession with Roscoe Conk- ling, as his partner; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty-fourth Con gress. Lore, Charles B.; was born at Odessa, Dela ware, March 16, 1831; graduated from Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1852, with the honors of his class; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861; removed to Wilmington, Delaware, in 1859, and, after his admission to the bar, engaged in the practice of law in that city; was Clerk of the State House of Representatives in 1857; Commissioner of the Draft in 1862; Attorney-General of the State from 1869 to 1874 ; Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Loring, Edward Q. ; was born in Boston, Mas sachusetts, in 1802; graduated at Harvard College in 1821; adopted the profession of the law, which he practiced in his native city; was a Lecturer on Law at Harvard College for several years; in 1858 was ap pointed a Judge of the Court of Claims in Washington. Loring 1 , George B.; was born at North Andover, Massachusetts, November 8, 1817; attended Franklin Academy, in his native town; was graduated at Har vard University in 1838; received the degree of M. D. at Harvard Medical College in 1842; was Surgeon of the Marine Hospital at Chelsea in 1843; was ap pointed Commissioner to Revise the United States Marine Hospital System in 1849; was appointed Post master of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1853; was a Rep resentative in the Legislature in 1866 and 1867; waa President of the State Senate in 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876; was a Delegate to the Republican National 308 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Conventions of 1868, 1872, and 1876; was a Commis sioner to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Forty -sixth Congress; in July, 1881, was appointed Commis sioner of Agriculture, at Washington. Lothrop, George Van Ness; was born at Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, August 8, 1817; was a descendant of the Puritans, the family having been established in the Plymouth Colony about the year 1650; received his early education in the common schools; was prepared for College at Day s Academy, Wrentham, Massachusetts; attended Amherst College during the term of 1833- 34; in 1835 entered Brown University, at Providence, Ehode Island, from which institution he graduated in 1838; immediately entered the Law School of Harvard University, under the tuition of the noted jurists, Judge Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf; impaired health caused his removal to Michigan, in 1839, where he joined his brother upon a farm near Schoolcraft; in March, 1843, removed to Detroit, Michigan, and was admitted to the bar; in the spring of 1844 engaged in the practice of law, in which he continued until 1885, and in which he attained emi nence; was Attorney-General of Michigan from 1848 to 1851; was Recorder of the city of Detroit from 1851 to 1853; was General Counsel for the Michigan Central Railroad Company from 1854 to 1880, when he resigned the position; was an unsuccessful candi date for Congress in 1856 and 1860; was three times the unsuccessful candidate of his party for United States Senator; in 1860 was a member of the Demo cratic National Conventions, at Charleston, South Carolina, and Baltimore, Maryland; in 1867 was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention; in 1882 was made a member of the Com mission in whose charge the Public Library of De troit was placed, resigning in 1885; in May, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to St. Petersburg, Russia. Loughridge, William; was born in Youngs- town, Mahoning County, Ohio, July 11, 1827; re ceived a common school education; studied law, and came to the bar at the age of twenty-two years; re moved to Iowa, in 1852; was elected a member of the State Senate from 1856 to 1860; in 1861 was chosen Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of Iowa, to serve until January, 1867; in 1866 was elected a Kepresentative from Iowa to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Agriculture, and Education in the District of Co lumbia; was re-elected to the three succeeding Con gresses, serving on the Committees on Appropria tions and the Judiciary. Lounsberry, William ; was born at Stone Ridge, New York, December 25, 1831; graduated at Entger s College in 1851; studied law at the New York University; was admitted to practice in 1853; was a member of the Assembly in 1868; was elected Mayor of Kingston in 1878, and served two years; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. Louttit, J. A.; was a resident of Stockton, Cali fornia; in 1884 was elected a Representative from California to the Forty -ninth Congress. Love, James ; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. Love, J. M.| was born in Fairfax County, Vir ginia, in 1820; in 1833 removed, with his parents, to Muskingum County, Ohio; was educated in the com mon schools of that county and at an academy in Fair fax County, Virginia; studied law with a brother in Virginia, and with Judge Richard Stillwell, at Zanes- ville, Ohio; was admitted to the bar in Virginia and Ohio; engaged in the practice of law in Coshoctou County, Ohio, in 1842; in 1846 entered the army as Captain of Company B, Third Regiment of Ohio Vol unteers, for service in the war with Mexico; went to Vtexico, and served there until mustered out with lis regiment at the close of their term of enlistment, in 1847; resumed the practice of law in Ohio; in L850 removed to Keokuk, Iowa, where he practiced lis profession; in 1852 was elected a State Senator; n 1855 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Iowa, in which position lie re mained. Love, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1807 to 1811. Love, Peter B.; was born near Dublin, Laurens County, Georgia, July 7, 1818 ; was educated at Franklin College; studied medicine and attended medical lectures in Philadelphia; relinquished that profession, and turned his attention to the law; was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1843 was chosen Solicitor-General for the Southern District of Georgia; in 1849 was elected to the State Senate; in 1853 was appointed a Judge for the Southern Circuit of Geor gia; was elected a Representative from Georgia to bhe Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the State Department, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Love, Thomas C.; was Judge of Erie County, New York, in 1828; District Attorney from 182 J to 1836; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837; Surrogate from 1841 to 1845. Died at Buffalo, September 17, 1853. Love, William C.; was born in Virginia; was educated at the University of North Carolina, of which his father was steward; was a lawyer by pro fession; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1817. Lovejoy, Owen ; was born in Albion, Kon- nebec County, Maine, January 6, 1811; worked on a farm until eighteen years of age; taught school, and thereby acquired the means for a collegiate edu cation, which he received at Bowdoin College; was a clergyman of the Congregational Church at Prince ton, Illinois, from 1838 to 1854; resigned his pastoral duties to take a seat in the Illinois Legislature in the latter year; in 1856 was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress; was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Commitees on Revolutionary Claims, Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture and on the District of Columbia; was also a member of the Committee on Territories. Died in Brooklyn, New York, March 25, 1864. Lovell, James ; was born in Boston, Massachu setts; graduated at Harvard College in 1756, and was for many years associated with his father as teacher of the Latin School; in 1760 published " Oratio ir. Funero Thyntii "; during the Revolution was a firm Whig, devoted to the cause of liberty, and was imprisoned by General Gage; was carried a pris oner by the British troops to Halifax, where he was for a long Lime kept in close confinement; after his return to Boston, was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1782, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence; also BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 309 signed the Articles of Confederation; in 1786 was Collector of Customs for Boston, and was subsequently Naval Officer for Boston and Charlestown, in which station he remained until his death. Died in 1814, aged seventy-six years. Levering 1 , Henry B.; was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, April 8, 1841; removed, with his parents, to Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1842, and to Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1846; receiver! a common school education; became connected with the shoe- manufacturing interest, for which Lynn is noted ; in 1862 enlisted in the Eighth Regiment of Massachu setts Volunteer Militia, and served a full term: upon receiving his discharge, immediately enlisted in" the Third Regiment of Massachusetts Cavalry; lost a leg at "Sheridan s" Battle of Winchester, Virginia; was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legisla ture in 1872 and 1874; a City Assessor of Lynn in 1879 and 1880, and Mayor in 1881 and -1882; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Lovett, John; was born in Norwich, Connecti cut; graduated at Yale College; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1814, and from 1815 to 1817. Died in 1818 in Ohio. Low, Frederick F.; was a Representative from California to the Thirty-seventh Congress, taking his seat during the second session thereof; was Governor of California from 1863 to 1865; in September, 1869; was appointed Minister to China in 1871; was em powered to negotiate a treaty with Corea. Low, Isaac ; was a merchant of New York; at first a prominent Whig, and afterwards a Loyalist refugee; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775; a member of the Committee of Correspondence; member of the New York Provincial Congress in 1775, but was arrested in 1776 on sus picion of holding correspondence with the enemy; in 1782 was President of the New York Chamber of Commerce; he was attainted of treason, his property was confiscated, and he went to England, where he died in 1791. Lowe, David. P.; was born in Oneida County, New York. August 22, 1823; graduated at the Cin cinnati College in 1851; practiced law until 1861; removed to Kansas; was a membej of the State Senate in Kansas in 1863 and 1834; Judge of the Sixth Judicial Court of Kansas from 1867 to 1871; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining. Lowe, Enoch. L.; was born in Maryland; in 1851 was elected Governor of that State, serving until 1854. Lowe, Ralph P.; was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1805; received a collegiate educa tion; studied law and was admitted to practice; in 1839 removed to Muscatine, Iowa, and engaged in the practice of his profession and in farming; in 1849 re moved to Keokuk, Iowa; in 1853 was elected Judge of the First Judicial District; in 1857, while serving his second term as District Judge, was elected Governor of the State; before the close of his term was elected a Judge of the State Supreme Court for the term of six years; became Chief Justice of that Court; de clined a re-nomination; subsequently resumed the practice of law. Died at Washington, D. C., Decem ber 22, 1883. Lowe, William Manning ; was born at Hunts- ville, Alabama; was educated at Florence, Alabama, at the University of Tennessee, and at the Univo.s- ity of Virginia as a lawyer; entered the Confederate Army as a private and rose to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel; was Solicitor of the Fifth Judicial Circuit ol Alabama in 1865, 1866, 1867 and 1868; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1870; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ol 1875; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-sixth Congress. Lowell, James Russell ; was born at Cam bridge. Massachusetts, February 22, 1819; graduated from Harvard University in 1838; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, but never practiced; was appointed Professor, to succeed Longfellow, in 1655; received the honorary degree of D. C. L. from Oxford University, in 1872, and that of LL.D. from Cambridge (England) University, in 1875; devoted himself to literary pursuits, and was the author ol many valuable works; became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and of the American Philosophical Society, of Philadelphia; in 1877 was appointed United States Minister to Spain, and, in 1880, was trans ferred to London as the Representative of the United States to Great Britain. Lowell, John ; was born in Newburyport, Massa chusetts, in 1744; graduated at Harvard College in 1760, and settled in Boston as a lawyer; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783, and was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts; was appointed Judge of the District Court, for the Massachusetts District, by President Washington, in 1789; in 1801 was appointed Chief Justice of the First Circuit; was a member of the Corporation of Harvard College for eighteen years, and received the degree of LL.D. from that institution; was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1791 delivered a eulogy on its late President, James Bow- doin; he wrote an English poem, No. 3, in the "Pietas," printed at Cambridge. Died May 10, 1802. Lowell, John ; was born at Boston, Massachu setts, October 18, 1824; was graduated from Harvard University in 1843; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1846, and engaged in practice at Boston; in 1865 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts; in 1878 was appointed Judge of the United States Circuit Court. It is a coincidence that the great-grandfather of Mr. Lowell held the same positions since filled by his great- grandson, those of District Judge of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the United States Circuit Court for the Eastern Circuit, corresponding with the present Circuit Court. Lowell, Joshua A.; was born in Thoraaston, Maine, March 20, 1801; his educational advantages were limited, but he commenced active life by teach ing school; adopted the profession of the law, coming to the bar in 1826; was a member of the Maine Legis lature in 1832, 1833, 1835, and 1837; was a Represent ative in Congress from Maine from 1839 to 1843; was a Presidential Elector in 1844. Died in Ma- chias, Maine, March 13, 1874. Lower, Christian; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1807. Lowndes, Lloyd, Jr.; was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia, February 21, 1845; graduated from Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 18f55; 310 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. attended law lectures at the University of Pennsylva nia; was admitted to practice in 1867; removed to Cumberland, Maryland; was elected to the Forty- third Congress from Maryland, serving on the Com mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Lownd.es, Thomas ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1765; received a thorough educa tion ; was one of the most enterprising citizens of his native city; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1805, and was distinguished for his talents. Died in Charleston, July 8, 1843. His father. Rawlins Lowndes, was distinguished for his hostility to the Federal Constitution. Lowndes, William ; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, February 7, 1782; was educated by a private tutor: served in the State Legislature in 1806 and 1808; was a Representative in Congress irom that State from 1811 to 18:22, when, from ill-health, he resigned; in 1818 was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. Died while on a voyage, with his family, from Philadelphia to London, in the ship Moss, October 27, 1822, aged forty-two years. He had a memory of uncommon retentiveness ; was an elcquent debater, and stood in the first rank of Amer ican statesmen. Henry Clay once expressed the opinion that Mr. Lowndes was the wisest man he had ever known in Congress. Lowrie, "Walter; was born in 1785; was a Sena tor in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1825; was Secretary of the United States Senate from 1825 to 183G; was subsequently appointed Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, which position he held for thirty years. Died in New York, January 14, 1803. He was a man of rare ability, and eminent for his de votion to the cause of Foreign Missions. Lowry, Robert; was born in Ireland in 1824; emigrated to Rochester, New York, in early youth; was instructed in the elementary branches at private schools, and took a partial academic course, but was chielly self-educated; was Librarian of Rochester Atheueum, and Young Men s Association; studied law; removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1843; while yet a minor, was elected, by the Common Council, as City Recorder; was re-elected, but declined; was ad mitted to the bar, and settled at Goshen, Indiana, in the practice of law in 1846; in 1852 was appointed, by the Governor, Circuit Judge, to fill a vacancy; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1856; in 1860 was President of the Democratic State Conven tion, and was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention; in 1861 and 1862, while still retaining his residence and practice in Indiana, had a law office in Chicago, Illinois; in 1864 was elected Circuit Judge for a term of six years; in 1866 and 1868 was an un successful candidate for Congress; in 1867 resumed his residence in Fort Wayne; in 1870 was re-elected Circuit Judge without opposition; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1872; in 1875 resigned the Judgeship and resumed practice; in 1877, upon the unanimous recommendation of the bar, was appointed, by the Governor, Judge of the then recently created Superior Court, and, in 1878, was elected to that position, lor a term of four years, by a unanimous popular vote; in 1879 was elected the first President of the Indiana State B:ir Association; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Lowry, Robert; was born in Chesterfield Dis trict, Sou Hi Carolina; at the age of three years was removed, by his parents, to Tennessee, and from there to Tishomingo County, Mississippi; was edu cated in the common schools; while still a lad en tered the store of an uncle, at Raleigh, Smith County, Mississippi, as a salesman and collector; at the age of seventeen began business for himself; at the age of twenty, married and settled at Brandon, Rankin County, Mississippi; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and entered upon the practice of law at Brandon; at the outbreak of the Civil War, although opposed to secession, entered the Confed erate Army as a private; was, soon after, elected Major; in 1862 was promoted to Colonel; in 1864 was promoted to Brigadier-General; after the close of the war resumed the practice of his profession; was twice elected a State Senator; served but one session of bis second term, when he resigned; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1877 was the leading candidate of his party for Governor, but lost the nomination by the combination of all the opposing forces; in 1881 was elected Governor of Mis sissippi for a term of four years; in 1885 was re-elected without opposition; should he serve throughout his second term, he will have occupied the gubernatorial chair longer than any of his predecessors. Loyall, George ; was born at Norfolk, Virginia, May 29, 1789; graduated from William and Mary College in 1808; in 1815 visited England; on his re turn, in 1817, was elected a member of the House of Delegates of Virginia, and served ten years: in 1829 was a member of the Convention to amend the State Constitution; from 1831 to 1837 was a Representative in Congress; in 1837 was appointed Navy Agent at Norfolk, and, Avith the exception of two years occu pied that position until the breaking out "of the Re bellion. Lubbock, P. R.; was Governor of Texas from 1861 to 1865. Lucas, Edward ; was born in Virginia; wae a Representative in Congress from that Sin" from 1833 to J837: was subsequently appointed ^.ovormnent superintendent at Harper s Ferry, where lie died March 4, 1858. ^ Lucas, John B. C.; was born in Normandy, France, in 1762; was educated at the University of Caen, where he graduated as Doctor of Civil and Common Law in 1782; practiced his profession in his native country two years; then emigrated to the United States, and settled on a farm near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where, in connection with agricultural pursuits, he do^ oted himself to acquiring the English language, and making himself acquainted with the iiistory, Constitution, and laws of his adopted coun try; soon gained the confidence of the people, and in 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania; served as a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for his District; in 1802 was elected a Representative in L ongrcss, and re-elected in 1804; in 1805 was appoint ed, by President Jefferson, Judge of the United States Jourt in Upper Louisiana, when he resigned his seat n Congress, and removed to St. Louis; was also IJonmiissioner of Land Titles in that Territory; held :he office of Judge until 1820, when he retired to private life on a farm adjoining the city of St. Louis, where he died in September, 1842. Lucas, Robert ; was born at Shepherdstown, Virginia, April 1, 1781; his father, a Captain in the Revolutionary Army, was descended from William Penn; removed to Ohio in 1800; was Major-General >f Militia; appointed Captain of the Nineteenth United States Infantry, March 14, 1812; Lieutenani>- Colonel, February 20, 1813; resigned June 30, 1813; was Brigadier-General of Ohio Militia in defense of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 311 the frontier in 1813; member of the Ohio Legislature in 1814; President of the Democratic National Con vention, May, 1832; was Governor of Ohio from 1832 to 1836; first Territorial Governor of Iowa from 1838 to 1841 ; was a prominent Free Mason. Died at Iowa City, February 7, 1853. Lucas, "William; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. Ludlow, George Craig ; was born at Milford, New Jersey, April 6, 1830 ; received a classical edu cation, graduating from Rutgers College in 1850; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853, and engaged in the practice of law as a profession ; held several county offices at different periods; in 1876 was elected a State Senator, and in the second year of his term was made President of the Senate; de clined a re-nomination; in 1880 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the term of three years from Jan uary, 1881. Lumpkin, John H.; was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, June 13, 1812; was educated at Franklin and Yale Colleges; served for a time as Secretary in the Executive Department of Georgia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853; in 1838 was Solicitor-General of the Cherokee Circuit; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1843 to 1849, and also elected to the Thirty-fourth Con gress; also, for three years, held the office of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit Court, and that of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Died in Rome, Georgia, in 1860. Lumpkin, Wilson; was born in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, January 14, 1783; received a com mon school education, and while engaged as a copy ing-clerk in his father s office, studied law; soon after attaining the age of twenty-one was sent to the State Legislature, and continued in that capacity a number of years; was twice elected Governor of Georgia; served in the Federal House of Representa tives from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 to 1831; in 1823 was appointed, by President Monroe, to mark out the boundary line between Georgia and Florida; was appointed, by President Jackson, a Commissioner under the Cherokee treaty of 1835; was also a mem ber of the board of Public Works; was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Luna Tranquilino ; was born at Los Lunas, New Mexico, February 23, 1849; was elected the Delegate from New Mexico to the Forty-seventh Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Luttrell, John K.; was born in Knox County, Tennessee, June 27, 1831; resided in California twenty -two years; was self-educated; studied and practiced law ; was elected to the Legislature of Cali fornia in 1863, 1865, and 1871; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Civil Service; re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Lyle, Aaron; was a soldier in the Revolution; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1817. Died September 24, 1825. Lyman, Joseph; was born at Lyons, Oakland County, Michigan, September 13, 1840; when eighteen months old his parents removed to De fiance, Ohio, where he remained until 1857, when, nis father having died, his family removed to Potta- wattamie County, Iowa; was educated in the com mon schools of Ohio and at the Iowa College, at Grinnell, Iowa; entered the Union Army in 1861, as a private in the Fourth Regiment of Iowa Cavalry; rose to the rank of Major, serving a portion of the time on stair duty, as Aid-de-camp; at the time he was mustered out of service, in 1865, was Adjutant- General of the Army of the Rio Grande; graduated from the Law Department of the Iowa State Univers ity, and engaged in the practice of law at Council Bluffs, Iowa; was Enrolling Clerk in the State House of Representatives in 1866; from 1867 to 1870 was Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue; from Janu ary, 1884, to December of the same year was Circuit Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Iowa; in 1884 was elected a Representative from. Iowa to the Forty-ninth Congress. Lyman, Joseph S.; was born in Hampden, Massachusetts; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821. Lyman, Samuel ; was a graduate of Yale Col lege in 1770; from 1786 to 1788 served in the Legis lature, and from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1795 to 1800, when he resigned. Died in 1802. Lyman, Theodore; was born at Waltham, Massachusetts, August 23, 1833; graduated from Harvard University^ Bachelor of Arts in 1855, and as Bachelor of Science in 1858; afterwards gave much of his time to zoological studies, which he pursued both in this country and in Europe; wrote a number of papers upon zoological subjects; from 1863 to the close of the Civil War was Lieutenant-Colonel and Aide-de-camp on the staff of Major-General Meade; from 1865 to 1882 was Commissioner of Fisheries of the State of Massachusetts, during which time he conducted the first successful experiments in fish culture carried out by a State; became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Science, of the National Academy, and of the Societe Linnienne de Bordeaux, and a Trustee of the Peabody Fund ; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-eighth Congress. Lyman, "William ; was a native of Northampton, Massachusetts; graduated at Yale College in 1776; was Brigadier-General of Militia; was a member of the Legislature in 1787, and a State Senator in 1789; was a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1797; was appointed Consul to London in 1805, where he died, October, 1811, aged about fifty-eight years. Lynch, Charles; was Governor of Mississippi from 1835 to 1837; his uncle, John Lynch, was the founder of Lynchburg, in Virginia, and his father, bearing his own name, was a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary Avar; the term "Lynch law," was occasioned by his apprehending and punishing, with out legal ceremony or delay, a lawless band of desper adoes and Tories who had infested the country where he had command. Died, near Natchez, February 16 1853. Lynch, John; was born in Portland, Maine, February 15, 1825; was educated in the public schools of that city; adopted the business of a merchant; served two terms in the State Legislature; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and the Bankrupt Law; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, and as Chairman of Navy Department and Banking and Currency Committees. 312 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Lynch, John B.; was born in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, September 10, 1847; was a slave until emancipated by the Rebellion; a purchaser of his mother, carried her with her children to Natchez, where he attended evening school for a few months, and by private study, acquired a good English edu cation; engaged in the business of photography at Natchez until 1869, when he was appointed a Justice of the Peace; was elected to the State Legislature frgm Adams County in 1870, and re-elected in 1871, serving the last term as Speaker of the House; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and Interior De partment; re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Lynch, Thomas; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was succeeded by his son, bearing the same name, who signed the Declaration of Independence; had also been a Delegate to the Colonial Congress in 1765. Lynch, Thomas, Jr.; was born on the North Santee River, Parish of Prince George, South Caro lina, Augusts, 1749; was educated at Eton, England; entered at Cambridge, and finished his legal studies in the Temple; returned home determined to strike for liberty; in 1775 was commissioned a Captain in the Militia service; in 1776 was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress to succeed his father, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; in 1779 sailed for Europe for the benefit of his health, and the vessel in which he embarked was never seen after her departure from port. Lynde, William Pitt ; was born in Sherburne, Chenango County, New York, December 16. 1817; graduated at Yale College in 18:58; emigrated to Wisconsin in 1841, and settled at Milwaukee; in 1844 was Attorney-General of the Territory; in 1845 was appointed United States District Attorney of Wiscon sin, and held the position until the admission of the State; in 1848 was elected a Representative to Con gress; in I860 was elected Mayor of Milwaukee; was a member of the Assembly in 1866, and elected a State Senator in 1868; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Lyndon, Josiah ; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, March 10, 1721; was Governor of the State in 1768. Died at Warren, March 30, 1778. Lyon, Asa ; was born at Pomfret, Connecticut, December 31, 1763; was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1791; shortly after his graduation removed to South Hero, Vermont; was appointed Chief Judge of Grand Isle County in 1805, serving as such for nine years; was elected to the Legislature as a Rep resentative from South Hero in 1800, 1802, 1804, 1805, 1806 and 1808, and from Grand Isle in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813 and 1814; was a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1808; was elected a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817; was a member of the Cor]x>ration of the University of Vermont from 1814 to 18:21 inclusive; he is said to have been a second cousin of Robert Burns, the Scotch poet; was, for many years, and until his death, an able preacher of the Gospel; although never regularly installed, he preferred the Calvinistic form of worship; was dis tinguished for his ripe scholarship and eloquence; by rigid economy and prudence he amassed wealth. Died at South Hero. April 4, 1841. His published sermons and patriotic; addresses indicate a high order of talent and an intimate acquaintance with modern and classic literature. Lyon, Caleb, of Lyondale ; was born at Lyon- dale, New York, December 7, 1822; graduated at the Norwich University of Vermont in 1841; traveled extensively in Europe; was appointed, by President Polk, Consul at Shanghai, China; on his return visited Mexico, Brazil, Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and California; was Secretary of the Conven tion called, in 18-19, to form a Constitution for Cali fornia, and designed the coat of arms for the Golden State; made a second visit to Europe, and extended his travels to Egypt and the Holy Land; from his native State was elected to the Assembly, but on the question of enlarging the Erie Canal, which he favored, he resigned, and was. during the same year, elected to the State Senate; was elected a Representa tive in the Thirty-third Congress from New York; while in Europe he was identified with the Koszta affair as the friend of Captain Duncan N. Ingraham; the title of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Norwich University of Vermont; in February, 1864, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Governor of Idaho; on his return to Washington in December, 18i>6, was robbed on the railway between Washing ton and New York, of $47,000. Died on Staten Island, September 8, 1875. Lyon, Chittenden ; was born in Vermont, in 1786; removed to Kentucky in his fifteenth year; served in both Houses of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1827 to 1835. Died in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in November, 1842. He was the son of Matthew Lyon. Lyon, Francis S.; was born in North Carolina; settled in Alabama; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839. Lyon, Lucius ; was born in Vermont; emigrated to Michigan when quite a young man ; devoted him self for a number of years to the business of survey ing the wild lands of the Territory; was a Delegate to Congress from that Territory during the years 1833, 1834 and 1835; was a Senator in Congress from the State of Michigan from 1836 to 1840; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; his last public position was that of Surveyor-General in the Northwest. Died at Detroit, September 25, 1851. Lyon, Mathew ; was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, in 1746; emigrated to this country when thirteen years of age; participated to some extent in the Revolutionary struggle, having, in 1777, been ap pointed temporary Paymaster of the Northern Army, and in 1778 Deputy-Secretary of the Governor of Vermont, and at the same time Clerk of the Court of Confiscation; settled in Vermont after the war; was elected a member of the State Legislature in 1779, and the four succeeding years; in 1783 founded the town of Fairhaven, where he built saw-mills, grist mills, established a forge or iron foundry, manufac tured paper from bassvvood, and established a news paper called The Farmers Library; served that iown in the Legislature ten years; in 1786 was Assistant Judge of Rutland County; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1797 to 1801. and it was during his first term that he had a personal difficulty, on the floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have him expelled; the fact of his giving the vote that made Jeffgrson President created a great sensa tion at the time; at the end of his second term as a Representative from Vermont, he removed to Ken tucky; established the first printing office in that State, transporting the type on horse back across the mountains; served two years in the Legislature of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 313 that State; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1811 ; on November 13, 1811, after his final retirement from Congress, the Speaker of the House of Representatives presented a petition from him, setting forth that he had, many years be fore, been prosecuted and convicted under the sedi tion law (see " State Trials of the United States "); that he had suffered imprisonment, and been made to pay the sum of one thousand and sixty dollars and ninety cents, and that he wished to have the money refunded to him; on July 4, 1840, a law was passed, paying to his heirs the specified sum, with interest, from February, 1790; it was while in prison at Ver- gennes, that he was elected to Congress from Ver mont, and at the close of his services in Congress, from Kentucky, he was employed to build gun-boats for the war, but became bankrupt from the specula tion; in 1820 was appointed a Factor among the Cherokee Indians in Arkansas; when that Territory was organized he was elected the first Delegate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat, having died at Spadre Bluff", Arkansas, August 1, 1822. A sketch of his life was printed in 1858 by Pliny H. White, of Vermont. Lyons, H. A.; was an early emigrant to Califor nia; in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice for the United States Court of that Territory, he and the two Associate Justices each receiving a salary of ten thousand dollars. Lytle, Robert T.; was distinguished as a public speaker; was a member of Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1835. Died in New Orleans, December 21, 1839. MacDonald, Moses ; was born in Limerick, York County, Maine, April 8, 1815; practiced law from 1837 to 1845; was a member of the Maine Leg islature in 1841 and 1842; in 1845 was Speaker of the House; in 1847, 1848, and 1849 served as Treas urer of the State; represented the First Congressional District in the Thirty -second and Thirty-third Con gresses; in April, 18,57, was appointed, by President Buchanan, Collector for the Districts of Portland and Falmouth. Died in Saco, Maine, October 18, 1869. MacDougall, Clinton D.; was born in Scotland, June 14, 1839; came to America in 1842; received an academic education, and studied law; was engaged in banking business from 1856 to 1869; raised a com pany of Volunteers in 1861 ; went to Florida with his regiment; was made Lieutenant-Colonel in 1862, and Colonel in 1863; commanded atCentreville, Virginia, in 1863; joined the Army of the Potomac, and com manded a Brigade at Gettysburg, until the close of the war; was brevetted Brigadier-General in 1864; returned home after the war to pursue business; was appointed Postmaster of the city of Auburn in 1869; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Mace, Daniel ; was born in Pickaway County, Ohio. September 5, 1811; received a limited educa tion, and worked on a farm until he became of age; having read law in Indiana, entered upon the prac tice of the profession to which he was long devoted; was a member of the Indiana Legislature in 1836; Clerk of the House of Representatives in 1837; served as United States Attorney for Indiana during Presi dent Polk s administration; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855 as a Dem ocrat, and from 1855 to 1857 as an Independent Can didate, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and as Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; on retiring from his pro fession was appointed, by President Lincoln, Post master of Lafayette, Indiana. Died by suicide at Lafayette, Indiana, July 26, 1867. Machen, "Willis B.; was born in Caldwell County, Kentucky, April 10, 1810; received an ordi nary education; was a farmer; a member of the Ken tucky Constitutional Convention of 1849; a Senator in the State Legislature in 1854, and a member of the Lower House in 1856 and 1860; was a member of the Confederate Congress for three years; was ap pointed a Senator in Congress from Kentucky for the unexpired term of Garrett Davis, and served until 1873; served on the Committee on Claims. Machir, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, from 1797 to 1799. Died June 25, 1827. Mackey, Edmund W. M.; was born at Charles ton, South Carolina, March 8, 1846; received a good school education, but was prevented by the Civil War from entering college, for which he was prepar ing; was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue in 1835; took a prominent part in organiz ing the Republican party in the State, and in carry ing out the Reconstruction Acts; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; studied law, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the State in 1868; was Sheriff of Charleston County for four years; in 1868 was elected Alderman of the city, and was re-elected in 1873; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1872; in 1873 was elected a member of the State House of Repre sentatives; was editor and proprietor of the Charles ton Republican in 1871 and 1872; was elected a Rep resentative from South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; in 1876 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1880; was Assistant United States Attorney from 1878 to 1881; was again a Representative in the Forty -seventh Congress; re-elected to the Forty - eighth Congress. Died at Washington, January 28, 1884. Mackey, L. A.; was born in White-Deer Town ship, Union County, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1819; received a good academic education; graduated at Union College, New York; studied law at Dick inson College, and came to the bar in 1840, removed to Lock Haven and practiced his profession there ; in 1852 was a member of the Whig Convention held in Baltimore; in 1870 was elected Mayor at Lock Haven; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Forty -fourth Congress; took special in terest in the railroads and the normal schools of his District; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Maclanahan, James X.; was born in Antrim, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809; graduated at Dickinson College in 1826; studied law, and set tled in Chambersburg; in 1841 was elected to the State Senate; in 1849 was elected to Congress; re- elected in 1851, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died about the year 1864. Maclay, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797; was a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808, when he re signed. Maclay, "William; was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; in 1797 was a Presidential Elector. Died in April, 1804. 314 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Maclay, William ; was a native of Pennsylva nia; held the offices of County Commissioner and Associate Judge; was a member of the Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1817 to 1819. Died January 4, 1825, aged fifty-nine years. Maclay, William B.; was born in New York City in 1815; graduated at the University of New York, where he subsequently officiated for a time as Professor of Latin ; was also a Trustee, as well as Secretary of the University; adopted the profession of the law; in 1836 was associate editor of the New York Quarterly Magazine; was an active member of the Legislature of New York for several years; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1843; was re-elected in 1845 and 1847, and again elected in 1857, serving generally on important Com mittees; was re-elected a Representative to the Thir ty-sixth Congress; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Maclay, William P.; was born in Northum berland County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1816 to 1821, hav ing first entered Congress for the unexpired term of Thomas Burnside. Macon, Nathaniel ; was born in Warren Coun ty, North Carolina, in 1757; his early youth was marked by diligence in the acquisition of knowledge, and he was sent to Princeton College to complete his education, but the troubles of the Revolution closed the halls of that institution, and he returned home and volunteered as a private in a company com manded by his brother, having refused a higher posi tion ; while in the army was elected a member of the General Assembly, in which he served for several years; in 1791 was elected a Representative in Con gress, and continued a member of that body until transferred to the United States Senate in 1815, where he served until 1828; from 1801 to 1805 was Spe-.iker of the House, and from 1825 to 1828 was President pro tern, of the Senate; was for thirty-seven years a member of the House or Senate, and was called the Father of the House, having served a longer time in that body than any other man; in 1828 his native State, in honor of his services, named a county for him; afterwards returned to the General Assembly; in 1835 was President of the " Constitu tional Convention" of the State; was Presidential Elector in 1836. Died suddenly at his residence, June 29, 1837. Macy, JohnB.; was a Representative in Con gress from Wisconsin from 1853 to 1855; resided at Fond du Lac; was lost by the burning of the steam boat Niagara on Lake Michigan. Madison, G-eorge; was born in Virginia in 1763; removed to Kentucky when a boy; when sev enteen years of age, served as a soldier on the west ern frontier, and engaged in several battles with the Indians; commanded a company, and was wounded, under St. Clair; was Lieutenant in the Kentucky Mounted Volunteers under Major Adair; wounded near Fort St. Clair, November 6, 1792; was Major in that regiment, and was in the Battle of Frenchtown, January 18, 1813; was under Wilkinson at the River Raisin, where he was taken prisoner; was Auditor of Public Accounts for twenty years; was chosen Governor of Kentucky for four years in 1816; but a few weeks after his election died at Paris, Ken tucky, October 14, 1816. Madison, James ; was born on the Rappahan- nock River, in Virginia, March 16, 1751; after due preparation entered Princeton College in 1769, and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and senior studies in one year; remained at the college until 1772, for the purpose of studying Hebrew; in 1776 was sent to the General Assembly; in 1778 was a member of the Executive Council; from 1779 to 1785 was a member of the Continental Congress, and was again elected in 1786; was a member of the "Convention at Philadelphia" which framed the Fed eral Constitution, and signed that instrument; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1797; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; in 1798 went again into the Assembly; in 1800 was an Elector for President; in 1801 was Secre tary of State of the United States, which office he held until 1809, when he was elected President of the United States, and served two entire terms; after leaving the Executive Chair, he retired to private life on his estate, known as Montpelier; was subse quently a Visitor and Rector of the University of Virginia; in 1829 was a member of the "State Con vention," which was the last public position he held. He was one of the contributors to the Federalist, and his collected State papers and miscellaneous writings have been published in several volumes; his "Report of the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787" having been accepted as a political text-book of great value. Died at Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, June 28, 1836; a work on his Life and Times was published by William C. Rives in 1861. Magee, John ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that state from 1827 to 1831. Died at Watkins, New York, April 5, 1868. Magee, John A.; was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, October 14, 1827; worked in the City of Washington as a journeyman printer; was for twen ty years the editor and proprietor of the Perry County Democrat; was a member of the Legislature in 1863; a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention at New York in 1868; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Magee, Rufus ; was born at Logansport, Indi ana, October 17, 1845; his early education was ac quired in the common schools; served an apprentice ship in a printing office; took a course in college-: graduated from the Indiana Law School in Apr 1, 187: was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Logansport, Indiana; was, for ten years, connected with the press of Indiana as an edi tor and publisher; in 1882 was elected a State Sena tor of Indiana; in March, 1883, was elected President of the Senate ; served in the State Senate three and one-half years; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister Resident to Sweden and Norway. Magill, Charles ; was appointed by President Adams, on the last day of his term, in 1801, United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit. Maginnis, Martin ; was born in Wayne County, New York, October 27, 1840; removed, with his par ents, to Minnesota; was a student of Hamlin Uni versity, but left to take charge of a newspaper; en listed as a private in the Volunteer Infantry in 1861, was made Second Lieutenant after the first battle of Bull Run; promoted to Captain in 1863; served in nearly all the battles of the Army of the Potomac un til 1864, when he was appointed Major of the Eleventh Minnesota Volunteers, and ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland, where he served until mustered out in 1865; removed to Montana the next .year; engaged in mining, and in publishing and edit- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 315 the Helena Daily Gazette; was elected a delegate n Montana to the Forty-third Congress; was re- cted to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, rty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. lagoffin, Beriah ; was Governor of Kentucky a 1859 to 1861. lagoon, Henry S.; was born in the town of iticello, Lafayette County, Wisconsin, January o 1832; entered the Rock River Seminary, at Moant Morris, Illinois, in 1848, and there remained most of the time, until June, 1851, devoted to classi cal and other studies; in 1851 entered the Western Military College, at Drennon, Kentucky, where he. graduated in 1853; attended the Montrose Law School at Frankfort, Kentucky; in 1855 was ap pointed Professor of Ancient Languages in Nashville University, Tennessee, where he remained till 1857, when, resigning, he returned to Wisconsin and began the practice of law; was elected District Attorney in 1858; was a member of the State Senate in 1871 and 1872; was the first native of Wisconsin elected to the State Senate or to Congress; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress from the Third District of Wisconsin, in 1874. Magrath, A. GK; was Governor of South Caro lina in 1864 and 1865. Magrucler, Allan B. ; was a native of Kentucky ; a lawyer by profession; removed to Louisiana; in 1805 published " Reflections on the Cession of Louis iana to the United States"; was a Senator in Con gress from that State from 1812 to 1813; he had col lected materials for a general history of the Indians. Died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in April, 1822. Magruder, Patrick ; was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1768; was educated at Prince ton College ; adopted the profession of the law ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1805 to 1807; was Clerk of the United States House of Representatives from 1807 to 1815, performing at the same time the duties of Librarian of Congress. Died in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820. Magruder, Richard B.; was a native of Mary land; studied law, and became a leading member of the bar of Baltimore ; was, for many years, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Maryland. Died in Baltimore, February 11, 1844. Mahon, David W.; was born in Pennsylvania; AVUS appointed a clerk in the office of the First Auditor in 1842; promoted to the position of Chief Clerk in 1853; in 1871 was appointed First Auditor of the Treasury. Malione, William; was born at Southampton, Virginia, in 1827; graduated from the Virginia Mili tary Institute in 1847; became a Civil Engineer and engaged in railroad construction; served in the Con federate Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Major-General; became largely interested in rail roads, and President of a railroad company; was elected a Senator of the United States from Virginia for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Mahoney, Peter P.; was born in the City of New York, June 25, 1848; was educated in the grammar schools of New York City; was engaged in the dry- goods business for several years; never held any public office prior to 1884, when he was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Maish, Levi; was born in York County, Penn sylvania, November 22, 1837; received a good aca demic education; took an interest in machinery, and devoted much attention to business of that nature;, participated in the war for the Union, as Lieutenant- Colonel, and at the battle of Antietam received a> bullet in the right lung, which the surgeons were un able to extract; as Colonel commanded at Chancel- lorsville, and was wounded in the right hip; soon afterwards left the military service; studied law and came to the bar in 1864; was elected to the State Legislature in 1867; in 1872 was appointed, by the Legislature, to examine certain county accounts: in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Majors, Thomas J.; was born in Jefferson Coun ty, Iowa, June 25, 1841; received an academic edu cation; removed to Nebraska in 1860; engaged in mercantile pursuits; entered the Union Army in 18G1 as a First Lieutenant, and served until 1866, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; was a member of the Territorial Council; when Nebraska was admit ted as a State served in the first State Senate, and was re-elected, serving until appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue, in 1869; held the latter office until its abolition by act of Congress; was elected a con tingent member of Congress in 1876 and 1878; was elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty- fifth Congress in the place of Frank Welch, deceased;, was again elected a contingent member of the Forty- sixth Congress. Malbone, Francis; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1793 to 1797; was a Senator in Congress in 1809. Died June 4, 1809. Mallary, Rollin C.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1784; graduated at Middlebury Col lege in 1805; represented the State of Vermont in Congress from 18 20 to 1831, and took an active part, as Chairman of an important committee, in all mat ters appertaining to commerce; was held in the highest estimation both for his public acts and private vir tues. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, April 16, 1831. Mallory, Francis ; was born in Virginia; was a. Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Nor folk, March 26, 1860. Mallory, Meredith; was born in Connecticut ,- was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841. Mallory, Robert ; was born in Madison County, Virginia, November 15, 1815; graduated at the Uni versity of Virginia in 1827; removed to Kentucky in 1839, where he devoted the most of his life to agricul tural pursuits; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals; re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals- re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Convention " of 1866- in 1875 was appointed a Commissioner to the Cen tennial Exhibition, and was one of the Vice-Presi- dents. Mallory, Rufus ; was born in Chenango County, New York, June 10, 1831; in 1855 removed to Iowa| where he resided three years; in 1858 settled in Oregon, and having studied law, came to the bar in 1861; was soon afterwards elected Prosecuting At- 316 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. torney for the First Judicial District; in 1862 was elected to the State Legislature; after serving one- session, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Third Judicial District, which office he held until 1866; in that year was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Mines and Mining, and the Pacific Rail way. Mallory, Stephen R.; was born in Nassau about 1810; removed to Key West, Florida, when young; studied law, and came to the bar in that State; was a Delegate to the "Nashville Convention" of 1850; was at one time a correspondent for the New York Herald; was a Senator in Congress from Florida, having been elected in 1851, serving continuously, by re-election, until 1861; was Chairman of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs, and a member of the Com mittee on Claims; was expelled March 11, 1861, and took part in the Rebellion, as Secretary of the Con federate Navy; after the Rebellion was arrested as a Prisoner of State; was released, on his parole, in March, 1866, and in 1867 was pardoned by President Johnson. Manderson, Charles F.; was born at Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, February 9, 1837; received the best scholastic advantages obtainable in that city; in 1855 removed to Canton, Ohio; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; was soon after elected City Solicitor, and was re-elected the following year; in April, 1861, enlisted a company of volunteer troops, and entered the Union Army as its Captain ; served with distinguished gallantry in many of the most important battles of the war, and was severely wounded; was promoted to the rank of Brevet Brig adier-General "for gallant, long-continued, and meritorious services during the entire war of the Re bellion"; resigned in 1865, because of disability, and resumed the practice of law at Canton ; was elected District Attorney, and re-elected; in 1869 removed to Omaha, Nebraska; was President of the State Bar Association for two terms; was City Attorney for five years; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1871 and 1874; was elected a United States Senator from Nebraska for the term of six years, from March 4, 1883. Maney, George ; was a citizen of Tennessee; in 1882 was appointed United States Minister to Bo livia. Mangum, Willie P.; was born in Orange Coun ty, North Carolina, in 1792; graduated at the Uni versity of that State in 1815; studied law; rose to eminence in his profession; entered into politics; was elected to the House of Commons in 1818; in 1819 was elected a Judge of the Superior Court; from 1823 to 1826 served as a Representative in Congress- was a Presidential Elector in 1829; was elected a United States Senator in 1831; re-elected in 1841; re-elected for a third term of six years, in 1847, serving from 12 to 1845 as President pro tern, of tfie Senate; in 1837 received eleven electoral votes for President of the United States, and during the administration of President Tyler was President of the United States Senate; subsequently lived in retirement at his home in North Carolina. Died September 14, 1861. Manly, Charles ; was born in Chatham County North Carolina; graduated at the State University in 1814; studied law; was Treasurer of the University /or a long time Reading Clerk of the State House of .Representatives; was Governor of North Carolina JVom 1849 to 1851. Mann, Abijah, Jr.; was born at Fairfield, Her- kiiner County, New York, September 24, 1793; re ceived a good common school education, and became a teacher in the district school in Oneida County; was afterwards a merchant, Postmaster, and Justice of the Peace; was elected to the Legislature in 1827, serving by re-elections until 1830; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1833 to 1837, during which time he served on several Committees, once as Chair man of the Committee on Rules and Orders of the House; in 1837, on returning to his native county, was again elected to the Legislature; afterwards re moved to New York City, and declined all official employments. Died at Auburn, New York, Septem ber 6, 1868. Mann, A. Dudley ; was born in Virginia in 1805; was appointed Special Minister to negotiate commercial treaties with Hanover, Oldenburg, and Mecklenburg, in 1845; was accredited to all the Ger man States excepting Prussia for the same object in 1847; was Commissioner to Hungary in 1849; Minis ter to Switzerland in 1850, and negotiated a recipro cal treaty; was Secretary to General Pierce in 1853, and resigned the same year; was Assistant Secretary of State; having devoted himself to the material in terests of the Southern States, he was sent, by the Confederate Government, upon a special mission, and was afterwards joined with Slidell and Mason to represent it abroad. Mann, Horace ;. was born in Franklin, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, May 4, 1796; was, in some degree, self-educated, but graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1819, where he subsequently held the po sition of Tutor of Latin and Greek; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut; while counselor-at-law at Dedham, Massachusetts, where he settled in 1826, was elected to the State Legislature; removed to Bos ton in 1834, where he was elected to the State Sen ate, chosen President of that body, and also Presi dent of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which he was foremost in founding; also rendered import ant services in behalf of the Normal Schools of Mas sachusetts; was elected a member of Congress from 1848 to 1853; after that time continued to be devoted to matters connected with education, having been appointed President of Antioch College and the North western Christian University at Indianapolis; he wrote much and well, and is remembered as a bene factor to his race. Died at Yellow Springs, Ohio, August 2, 1859; in 1865 his life was published by his widow. Mann, Job ; was born in Bethel Township, Bed ford County, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1795; received a common school education; in 1816 was appointed Clerk to a Board of County Commissioners; two years later was appointed Register, Recorder, and Clerk for the Courts of Bedford County, all of which posi tions he continued to hold until 1835, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, where he served one term; in 1839 was admitted to the bar; in 18 12 was appointed State Treasurer, which office he held for three terms; in 1847 was again elected to Congress, where he served until 1851, declining a re election. Mann, Joel K.; -was born in Pennsylvania in 1780; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1835. Died in Montgomery Coun ty, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1857. ^ Manning-, Daniel ; -was born at Albany, New York, August 16, 1831; received an elementary edu cation in the public schools, and at the age of eleven BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 31? years entered the office of the Albany Argus news paper as office boy; rose through the various grades to the post of manager and, in 1873, became Presi dent of the Argus Publishing Company; was a Director, for Albany City, in the Susquehanna and Albany Railroad; from 1869 to 1872 was a Director in the National Savings Bank of Albany; in 1873 be came a Director in the National Commercial Bank of Albany; was a member of the Democratic State Con vention of New York in 1874, and of every subse quent Democratic State Convention until 1884; in. 1876 became a member of the Democratic State Com mittee, and thereafter continued to occupy that posi tiou ; was Secretary of the Democratic State Com mittee of New York in 1879 and 1880, and its Chairman from 1881 to 1884; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1884; was Chairman of the Convention in 1880, and Chairman of the New York Delegation to the Con vention of 1884; in 1881 became Vice President, and in 1882 President of the National Commercial Bank of Albany, New York; was a Park Commissioner in the City of Albany from 1873 to 1884; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Secre tary of the Treasury of the United States. Manning, James ; was a native of New Jersey; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1762; was one of the founders of Brown University ; when that institution was removed to Providence he became first President; was Pastor of the Baptist Church in that town, and continued in the charge of these two offices until his death, excepting an interval of six months, in 1785 and 1786, during which he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. Died in 1791, aged fifty-two years. Manning, John, Jr.; was born in Edenton, North Carolina, July 3, 1830; received his education at the University of North Carolina; removed to Pittsborough, North Carolina, in 1851, and began the study of law; was licensed to practice in 1853; was a member of the Convention of 1861 ; was elected to the Forty-first Congress. Manning, John L..; was born in South Carolina; was Governor of that State from 1852 to 1854. Manning, Richard, Jr.; was born in Sumter District, South Carolina, May 1, 1789; graduated at the State College at Columbia in 1811; commanded a volunteer company in the war of 1812 ; was fre quently in the upper and lower houses of the State Legislature; was Governor of South Carolina for two years from 1824; was a Representative in Congress from 1834 to 1836. Died May 1, 1836, at Philadel phia, before the expiration of his term, very sud denly, while seated at the table with his family. He was greatly respected for his talents and virtues. Manning, Van H.; was born in North Carolina, July 26, Itf39; removed to Mississippi in 1841; re- ce ved a classical education; removed to Arkansas in i860: studied law and was admitted to practice; serve l in the Confederate Army during the war of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Colonel; was elected a .Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Manson, Mahlon D.; was born in Piqua, Ohio, February 20, 1820; received a common school educa tion; engaged in agricultural and mechanical pur suits, and was a druggist; was a member of the Legislature of Indiana in 1851; Captain of Volun teers during the Mexican War; enlisted as a private during the Rebellion, and became Colonel of the Tenth Indiana Infantry, which he commanded at the battle of Rich Mountain in 1861; commanded the Second Brigade, First Division, Army of the Ohio, at the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, in 1862; was appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862; was engaged in front of Corinth, Mississippi; com manded the United States forces at the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, in 1862; was wounded and taken prisoner and exchanged in 1862; commanded a skirmish with Pegram in March, 1863, and during the Morgan raid in Indiana and Ohio in 1863; was with Burnside in East Tennessee; was assigned, in September, 1863, to the command of the Twenty- third Army Corps; was in the siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, and various battles in that State; was severely wounded at the battle of Resaca, and was forced to resign by reason of disabilities resulting from wounds received in the service; was elected to the Forty-second Congress from Indiana, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Manypenny, George W.; was born in Penn sylvania; in 1853 was appointed, from Ohio, Com missioner of Indian Affairs, retaining the office until 1857. Marable, John H. ; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1829. Marble, Edgar M.; was a resident of Michigan; was an Assistant Attorney-General of the United States from 1877 to 1880 ; was Commissioner ol Patents, in the Department of the Interior, from 1880 to 1884. Marchand, Albert G-.; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843. Died at his residence in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Feb ruary 5, 1848. Marchand, David ; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania: was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1817 to 1821. Marchant, Henry ; was born at Martha s Vine yard, Massachusetts, April, 1741 ; graduated at Phila delphia College in 1762; studied law under Judge Trowbridge, of Cambridge, Massachusetts; practiced in Newport, Rhode Island; was Attorney-General of that State from 1770 to 1777; was a member of the Assembly ; took an active part in the Revolution ; was Chairman of the Committee to prepare instructions to the Delegates in Congress; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and in 1783 and 1784, and an efficient member of various import ant committees; was a member of the Convention to adopt the Federal Constitution; from 1790 until his death was Judge of the United States District Court; received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1792. Died at Newport, August 30, 1796. Marcy, Daniel ; was born in New Hampshire, November 7, 1809; became a sailor when twelve years of age. and at twenty was master of a ship; in 1853 and 1854 was a member of the New Hampshire Leg islature; in 1856 and 1857 a State Senator; was sub sequently engaged in the mercantile and ship-build ing business; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Expenditures in the Navy Department; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion" of 1866. Marcy, William Lamed ; was oorn in Stur- bridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1786; graduated at Brown University in 1808 ; taught 318 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. school for a while in Newport, Rhode Island; studied law, and commenced practice in Troy, New York; was appointed Recorder of that city in 1816; made Comptroller in 1823, and removed to Albany; in 1829 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was elected to the United States Senate in 1831; resigned in 1833, having served as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; was elected Governor of New York in 1832, and re-elected in 1834 and 1836; was Secretary of War under President Polk from 1845 to 1849, and Secretary of State under President Pierce from 1853 to 1857; was a hard-working, careful, plain man. and a good scholar; as a statesman and diplo matist he had a reputation of displaying both judg ment and skill, but his crowning virtue was his incorruptible integrity. Died at Balston Spa, New York, July 4, 1857. Mardis, Samuel W.J was born in Alabama in 1801 ; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1831 to 1835, and was much respected for his manly virtues. Died at Talladega, Alabama, Novem ber 14, 1837. Marion, Robert ; was a native of South Caro lina; a Representative in Congress from that State fiom 1805 to 1810. Markbreit, Leopold; was a citizen of Ohio; from 1869 to 1873 was Minister Resident to Bolivia. Markell, Henry; was born in Montgomery Coun ty, New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1829. Markell, Jacob ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1813 to 1815. Markham, Henry H.; was born at Wilming ton, Essex County, New York, November 16, 1840; attended the district school during the winters, and "worked on a farm during the summers; completed his education at the Academy of South Hero, Ver mont; in the spring of 1862 emigrated to Manitowoc, "Wisconsin; in the fall of that year enlisted in the Thirty -second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry; re mained with the regiment until February 3, 1865, at which time he was severely wounded at Rivers Bridge, South Carolina, from which place he was returned to Beau port, South Carolina; owing to per manent disabilities, he did not rejoin the regiment, and was mustered out with the regiment at Milwau kee, Wisconsin, June 23, 1865; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in May, 1867, and began the prac tice of law at Milwaukee, Wisconsin; in January, 1879, for the benefit of his health, moved, with his family, to Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, where he engaged in various enterprises; never per mitted his name to be used for any public position, and never held any position of public trust, prior to his election as a Representative from California to the Forty-ninth Congress. Markley, Philip S.; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1827, and was. in the latter year, appointed Naval Officer for the Port of Philadelphia. Marks, Albert S.; was born in Daviess County, Kentucky, in October. 1836; received an academic education; removed to Winchester, Tennessee, in 1856: studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; served in the Confederate Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel; lost a leg at the hattle of Murfreesboro and his name was placed on the "Roll of Honor" for gallantry; at the close of the war resumed the practice of his profession at Win chester; in 1870 was elected one of the Chancellors of the state; in 1878 was re-elected; was Governor of Tennessee from 1879 to 1881; he resumed the practice of law. Marks, William; was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1831, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. Marling 1 , John L.; was a citizen of Tennessee; was appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala in 1854; on October 2. 1856, resigned the position and died on the 10th of the same month. Marmaduke, John Sappington ; was born in Saline County, Missouri, in March, 1833; was active ly engaged on his father s farm until seventeen years of age; then entered Yale College where he remained two years; left Yale and went to Harvard College; in 1853 was appointed a cadet at the United States Mil itary Academy, at West Point, New York; graduated in 1857 and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the United States Army; in 1860 resigned his com mission and returned to Missouri; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army as a Colonel ; in 1862 was pro moted to Brigadier-General, and in 1864 to Major- General; in October, 1864, was taken prisoner, and was held until after the close of the war, in 1865 ; en gaged in various business pursuits; then entered the field of journalism, in which he continued for several years; in 1873 and 1874 was Secretary of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture; from 1875 to 1884 was a State Railway Commissioner; in the latter year was elected Governor of Missouri. Marquette, T. M.; was elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but did not take his seat until the last day of the last session of that Congress. Marr, Alem ; graduated at Princeton College in 1807; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1829 to 1831. Marr, G-eorge W. L.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819. Marron, John; was born in Ireland; was ap pointed from, the State of Georgia a Clerk in the General Post Office; became Chief Clerk, and was subsequently appointed Third Assistant Postmaster- General. Marrow, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1805 and 1809. Marsh, Benjamin F.; was born in Hancock County, Illinois, November 19, 1837; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fifth, For ty-sixth, and Forty -seventh Congresses. Marsh, Charles; was born at Lebanon, Con necticut, July 10, 1765; removed, with his father s family, to Vermont before the Revolution; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1786; studied law and com menced practice in Woodstock, Vermont; was, for fifty years, devoted to his profession, and for a long time at the head of the bar in the State; served as a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817, and while in Washington became identified with the ^American Colonization Society as one of its founders; he ac quired great popularity as a patron of benevolent so cieties generally, and was a highly influential and useful citizen. Died at Woodstock, Vermont, Janu ary 11, 1849. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 319 Marsh, George P.; was born in Woodstock, Vermont, March 15, 1801; was educated at Dart mouth College, where he graduated in 1820; after wards removed to Burlington, Vermont, where he commenced the study of law, and afterwards made that place his home; after his admission to the bar, came into an extensive practice, and devoted much of his time to politics; was a member of the State Legislature in 1835; in 1842 took his seat in the United States House of Representatives, where he continued until sent as Resident Minister to Turkey, by President Taylor, in 1849; at this post he rendered essential service to the cause of civil and religious toleration in the Turkish Empire; was also charged with a special mission to Greece in 1852; was well known as an author and a scholar; devoted much attention to the languages and literature of the North of Europe, and his sympathies appeared to be with the Goths, whose presence he traced in whatever is great and peculiar in the character of the founders of New England; in a work entitled "The Goths in New England," he contrasted the Gothic and Roman characters, which he appeared to regard as the great antagonistic principles of society at the present day; was also the author of a grammar of the old Northern Icelandic language, and of various essays, literary and historical, relating to the Goths and their con nections with America; also the author of an inter esting work on the Camel; also of a work on the En glish language, which occupies a very high rank; and still another of great merit, entitled "Man and Na ture ; his miscellaneous published addresses and speeches are quite numerous; after his return from Turkey performed the duties of Commissioner of Railroads for the State of Vermont; his library is said to have been one of the finest in the country, rich beyond compare in Scandinavian literature; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Italy, at which post he remained until his death, which occurred at Rome, Italy, July 24, 1882. Marshall, Alexander K.; was born in Ken tucky ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Marshall, Alfred ; served four years in the Maine Legislature, namely, 1827, 1828, 1834, and 1835; was a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, acting as a member of the Com mittee on the Militia; from 1846 to 1849 was Col lector at Belfast, Maine; was also, for some years, a General of the State Militia. Marshall, Edward C.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from California, from 1851 to 1853. Marshall, Humphrey ; was among the earliest pioneers to Kentucky, having gone there in 1780; was a member of the "State Convention " in 1787; served for many years in the State Legislature: was a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1801. He was the author of the first published " History of Ken tucky, and died at an advanced age. Marshall, Humphrey ; was born at Frankfort, Kentucky, January 13, 1812; graduated at West Point Academy, but resigned his military commis sion of Lieutenant and studied law, which he prac ticed with success; during the ten years preceding the Mexican War, and while devoting himself to his profession in Louisville, he took an active part in the military affairs of the State as Captain, Major, and Lieuten ant-Colon el: served in the Mexican War as Colonel of Cavalry, leading the charge of the Ken tucky Volunteers at Buena Vista in 1847; after de clining several important nominations, he retired to a farm; was elected to Congress in 1849 as a Repre sentative, and re-elected in 1851; was appointed, by President Fillmore, Commissioner to China, which was immediately raised to a first-class mission ; on his return was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress; in 1856 was a member of the "Am erican National Council," held in New York; in 1857 was re-elected to Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a General of Volunteers. Marshall, James ; was one of the earliest set tlers in the District of Columbia, after the removal of the Seat of Government; in 1801 was appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the District of Columbia. Marshall, James W.; was born in Clarke (then part of Frederick) County, Virginia, August 14, 1822; passed several years of his boyhood in Mount Sterling, Kentucky; prepared for College in the schools of his native section; graduated at Dick inson College in 1848, and was appointed Adjunct Professor in that institution; in 1850 was elevated to the professorship of ancient languages; was United States Consul at Leeds, England, from 1861 to 1864; was First Assistant Postmaster-General from 1869 to 1877, excepting a brief interval, in 1874, when he was temporarily appointed Postmaster-General; was then appointed General Superintendent of the Railway Mail Service, in which position he continued until 1878. Marshall, John ; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, September 24, 1755, and was the eldest of fifteen children; had some classical education in his youth, but his opportunities for learning were limited, and he never entered college, his father, Thomas Marshall, being a poor man, but possessed of superior talents; at the commencement of the Revo lutionary AVar he espoused the cause of liberty with ardor; in 1776 was appointed Lieutenant, and in 1777 promoted to the rank of Captain; in 1780 was admitted to the bar; in 1781 resigned his commis sion and entered upon the practice of his profession, soon rising to distinction; was a member of the " Virginia Convention " to ratify the Constitution of the United States, and, as such, produced a deep im pression by his logic and eloquence; also entered the Legislature of Virginia, where he was a leader; Presi dent Washington invited him to become Attorney- General, and tendered him the mission to France after Mr. Monroe s return, both of which honors he declined ; President Adams appointed him an Envoy to France, with Pickering and Gerry, but they were not accredited, and he returned to the United States in 1798; was a Representative in Congress in 1799; in 1800 was appointed Secretary of War, which office he declined ; soon afterwards Secretary of State ; Jan uary, 31, 1801, upon the nomination of President Adams, was confirmed as Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States. He wrote a "Life of George Washington," and a "History of the American Colonies." Died in Philadelphia, July 6, 1836. As a Judge he was the most illustrious in America, and, for his public service, was ranked by many with Washington. He was the object of universal affection, respect, and confidence, and, in every particular, one of the greatest and best of men. Marshall, Samuel S.; was born in Illinois; educated at Cumberland College, Kentucky; studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in his native State; was elected to the State Legislature in 1840 320 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was elected, by the Legislature, State Attorney, serving two years; in 1851 was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, in which position he remained until 1854; was elected to the Thirty -fourth Congress from Illinois; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1864; was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and on Freedmen ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee; re- elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on many important Committees; in 1867 received the unanimous vote of his party in the Illinois Legisla ture for United States Senator, and in the Fortieth Congress, the entire vote of the Democrats for Speaker of the House. Marshall, Thomas A.; was born near Ver sailles, Kentucky, January 15, 1794; graduated at Yale College in 1815; studied law, and entered upon the practice in 1816; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1835; was a Judge and Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Ken tucky for about twenty years; was a Professor of Law in the Transylvania College; also served in the Legislature of Kentucky; was on the bench as late as 1866, and in that year received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. Died in Louisville, April 17. 1871. Marshall, Thomas P.; was born in Kentucky in 1800; graduated at Yale College; studied law, and practiced the profession with success; was, for several years, Judge of the Circuit Court of Louis ville; was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky from 1841 to 1843. Died near Versailles, Woodward County, Kentucky, September 22, 1864. His abilities were of a high order, and as an orator before popular assemblies he had few equals. Marshall, Wm. R. ; was Governor of Minnesota from 1866 to 1868. Marston, Gilman; was born in Oxford, New Hampshire, August 20, 1811; graduated from Dart mouth College in 1837, and at the Dane Law School in 1840; commenced the practice of law in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1841; in 1845 was elected to the New Hampshire Legislature, and served four years; was a member of the Convention to revise the Con stitution of that State in 1850; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1859 to 1863, serving on the Committees on Elections, and on Mili tary Affairs; in June, 1861, was appointed Colonel of the Second Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers which he led at the battle of Bull Run, throughout the Peninsula Campaign under McClellan, at the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Fredericks- burg, under Burnside; in 1863 was commissioned a Brigadier-General, assigned to the District of St. Mary, and attached to the army of the James in 1864, fighting at Kingsland Creek, Drury s Bluff, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg; early in 1865 was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Military Affairs; on the fall of Richmond retired from the army; was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866, and also to the "Soldiers Conven tion " held in Pittsburg; in 1870 was appointed Gov- einor of Idaho. Martin, Alexander ; was born in Guiilbrd County, North Carolina; was educated at Princeton College, and devoted much attention to the pursuits of literature; was a member of the Colonial Assem bly, and Colonel of a regiment in the Continental line, serving at the battles of Brandy wine and Ger- mantown; was subsequently in the State Senate, and was elected Speaker; was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1782, and again in 1789, and was a member of the Convention which framed the Con stitution of the United States; from 1793 to 1799 was United States Senator; in 1793 the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by Princeton Col lege, and at the time of his death he was a Trustee of the University of North Carolina. Died in No vember, 1807. Martin, Barclay; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1847. Martin, Benjamin F. ; was born in Marion County, Virginia, October 2, 1828; remained upon a farm until he became of age; graduated, with hon ors, at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania, in 1854; taught school for eighteen months; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice; in the same year removed to Pruntytown, Virginia (now West Virginia); was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of West Virginia in 1872; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conven tion of that year; was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Forty-filth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Martin, Charles D.; was born in Ohio; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on In valid Pensions. Martin, Daniel; was a native of Maryland; was Governor of that State in 1830. Died in Talbofc County, July 10, 1830, before the expiration of his term of office. Martin, Edward Livingston; was born at Seaford, Delaware, March 29, 1837; received a col legiate education; studied and practiced law; was Clerk of the State Senate; was a Commissioner to define the boundary line between Delaware and New Jersey; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1864, 1872, 1876 and 1880; was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Forty- sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Martin, Elbert S.; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures on the Post Ofiice Department. Martin, Francois Xavier; was born at Mar seilles, France, March 17, 1762; emigrated to tho United States in 1782, and established himself at Newbern, North Carolina; taught French; learned printing; edited a newspaper, and peddled it through the adjoining counties; published school books, al manacs, and translations of French works, etc studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1789* and became distinguished in the profession, at the same time pursuing the vocation of printer and nub- hsher; was appointed Judge of Mississippi Territory by Jefferson; in 1813 was Attorney-General of the State of Mississippi; in 1815 was made Jud^e of Supreme Court of Louisiana, and Chief Justice from L837 to 1845; published histories of Louisiana and North Carolina; "Notes and Decisions in the Superior Courts of North Carolina from 1787 to 1796"- *" Acts BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 321 of the North Carolina Assembly from 1715 to 1803 ; ; ".Reports of the Superior Courts of Orleans from 1809 to 1812"; "Reports of the Supreme Court of I ouisiana from 1813 to 1830 " ; and a "Digest of the Territorial and State Laws," in French and Eng lish. Died at New Orleans, Louisiana, December 10, 1846. Martin, Frederick S.; was born in Rutland County, Vermont, April 25, 1794; after spending his early life as a sailor on Lake Champlain and at sea, settled at Olean, New York, as a hotel keeper and merchant; in 1838 was appointed Postmaster at that place; served three years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1854. Martin, James S.; was born in Scott County, Virginia, August 19, 1826; received a good education; removed to Illinois in 1846; served in the war with Mexico; was Clerk of the Marion County Court for twelve years; studied law; was a member of the Republican State Central Committee for several years; entered the army as Colonel in 1862, and was brevetted Brigadier-General : was elected County Judge of Marion County at the close of the war; ap pointed Pension Agent in 1868; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Martin, John ; was appointed Naval Officer at Hunbury, Georgia, in 1761; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1775, and of the Committees of ( ouncil and Safety ; entered the Georgia Continent al line as Captain; was Lieutenant-Colonel in 1781, and member of the Legislature from Chatham Coun ty: was State Treasurer in 1783; commissioned to make a Treaty with the Creek Indians, January, 1783; was Governor of Georgia from 1782 to 1783. Martin, John Jacob; was born in Abbeville, South Carolina, in 1826; received a good education and studied law, coming to the bar in 1848; served as a Captain in the war with Mexico; was subse quently appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru; re moved to Georgia, where he practiced law from 1853 to 1861, when he removed to Alabama; was a mem ber of the first Convention which organized the Re publican party in that State; also a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State; Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; in 1869 was appointed .Sixth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington, which position he resigned in 1875. and was appointed Post master of Montgomery. Martin, John L.; was born at Brownsville, Fay- ette County, Pennsylvania, March 10, 1839; received a common school education ; at the age of fourteen entered the office of the Brownsville Clipper as an ap prentice; in 1857 worked a short time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as a journeyman, and then removed to Kansas, where he continued in the printing business; in 1858 purchased the Squatter Sovereign newspaper, at Atchison, Kansas, and changed the name to the Champion; he continued in the proprietorship and management of this journal; in 1859 was Secretary of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, which I ramed the present Constitution of Kansas; in May of that year was a Delegate to the Convention at which the Republican party was organized; later in the same year was elected a State Senator; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention; on the admission of the State of Kansas, in 1861, served, during one session, as State Senator; resigned to accept the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Eighth Kansas Volunteer Infantry for service in the Union 21 Army; in November, 1862, was promoted to Colonel of the regiment; in the succeeding month was ap pointed Provost Marshal of Nashville, Tennessee, serving for six months; was in the principal engage ments with the Army of the Tennessee; was in com mand of a brigade at the battle of Chicamauga; com manded a brigade for several months prior to being mustered out of service, in November, 1864; returned to Kansas and resumed the management of his news paper; was mayor of Atchison, Kansas, in 1865; in 1868 was elected Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic for the District of Kansas; was a Dele gate to the Republican National Conventions of 1868, 1872 and 1880; was a member of the Republican Na tional Committee from 1868 to 1880, and its Secre tary in 1879 and 1880; was a member of the United States Centennial Commission from 1871 to 1876; was President of the Kansas Editorial Association in 1878; in the same year was elected, by Congress, a member of the Board of Managers of the National Soldiers Home, and was re-elected in 1882; in 1884 was elected Governor of Kansas. Martin, John Mason; was born at Athens, Limestone County, Alabama. January 20, 1837; after receiving a thorough course in the High School, he attended the University of Alabama during one term, at the close of which he withdrew and entered Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky, from which institu tion he was graduated in 1856; settled in Tus- kaloosa, Alabama; after leaving College he studied law and, in July, 1858, was admitted to prac tice in the Supreme Court of Alabama; served in the Confederate Army four years ; in 1871 was elected State Senator, to fill a vacancy, and in 1872 was elected for a full term ; during the latter term was elected President pro tempore of the Senate; in 1875 was elected Professor of Equity Jurisprudence in the University of Alabama, the term continuing until 1886; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ala bama to the Forty-ninth Congress. Martin, John P.; was born in Lee County, Vir ginia, October 11, 1811; removed to Kentucky in 1828; in 1841 was elected to the Legislature of that State, and re-elected the following year; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1845 to 1847; in 1857 was elected to the Senate of Kentucky, which was his last public position. Martin, Joseph John ; was born in Martin County, North Carolina, November 21, 1833 ; received an academic education; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1859; was County Attorney for six years; in 1868 was elected Solicitor for the Second Judicial District for the term of six years; was re- elected in 1874 and served until nominated for Con gress in 1879; was a Delegate to the Republican Na tional Convention of 1876; was elected a Representa tive from North Carolina to the Forty-sixth Congress. Martin, Joshua Lanier ; was born in Tenne- see, December 5, 1799; received the advantages of such educational facilities as were then at command; settled in Alabama; studied law; was admitted to the bar; engaged in the practice of law and became emi nent in his profession; his first appearance in public life was as Representative in the Alabama Legisla ture, in 1822; was subsequently elected, successively, Solicitor, Circuit Judge, and Chancellor; in 1835 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the twen ty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Twenty- fifth Congress; in 1845 announced himself an inde pendent candidate for Governor of Alabama, in op position to Colonel Nathaniel Terry, the regular nominee of his party; he made the canvass on the 322 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. question of the state credit and, after a contest of re markable brilliancy, was elected, serving until 1847; his election resulted in the maintenance of the credit of the State unimpaired. He was one of the remark able men of his time, and his favorite motto was, "Have your heart in the right place." Died, at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, November 2, 1856. He was the father of Congressman John Mason Martin. , Martin, Josiah ; was born April 23, 1737; was an Ensign in the Fourth Infantry of North Carolina in 1756; Lieutenant-Colonel in 17G9; was Governor of North Carolina from 1771 to 1775; took energetic measures to preserve the royal authority in 1775, and, April 24th, was obliged to take refuge on board the Cruiser, from which ship he issued a proclamation August 8th; was on board the fleet of Sir P. Parker at Charleston, in June, 1776 ; was with Cornwallis at the defeat of Gates at Caindeii. in 1780, but left .North Carolina on account of ill health, March, 1781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence to England. Died in London, July, 1786. Margin, Luther ; was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1744; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1766; taught school for several years in Maryland; came to the bar in Virginia, and settled in Accomac County; in 1774 took an active part in opposing En gland; was a member of the "Annapolis Conven tion " of that year; in 1778 was appointed Attorney- General of Maryland ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1784 and 1785; was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitu tion, but was opposed to its adoption, and an elabor ate speech which he delivered before the Assembly of Maryland about the Convention caused considerable excitement at the time throughout the country; he acquired distinction by defending Samuel Chase and Aaron Burr, in their celebrated trials; in 1814 was appointed Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer. Died in New York, July 10, 1826. He received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College. Martin, Morgan L.; was born in New York; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Wisconsin from 1845 to 1847. Martin, Noah ; was a native of New Hampshire; was Governor of that State for two years from 1852 to 1854. Martin, Robert N.; was born in Dorchester County, Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1825 to 1827. Martin, "William D.; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1827 to 1833; was distin guished for his talents and public usefulness; retired to bed slightly indisposed, and was found dead in the morning, at Charleston, November 17, 1833, aged forty-five years. Martindale, Henry O.; was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; graduated at Williams Col lege in 1800; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1835. Died in I860, aged eighty years. Marvin, Dudley ; was a native of Lyme, Con necticut, from which place he removed to Canandai- gua, New York, in 1807; was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law in 1811; soon at tained eminence in his profession; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1823 to 182!); in 1844 removed to Ripley, Chautauqua County; was again elected to Congress, serving from 1847 to 1849. Died at Rip- ley, New York, June 25, 1852, aged sixty-five years. Marvin, James M.; was born in Ballston, Sara toga County, New York, February 27, 1809; passed a portion of his boyhood on a farm; received a good education; in 1846 was elected to the House of As sembly; was a County Supervisor for three terms: in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Territories ; was re-elected to the Thirtv- ninth Congress, and was made Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenses in the Treasury Department; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Marvin, Richard P.; was born in New York; served in the Assembly of that State from Chautau qua County, in 1836; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1837 to 1841; in 1855 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of that < State. Marvin, "William; was a citizen of Florida; was appointed United States Judge for the Southern District of that State. Mason, Amistead Thomson; was born in Loudon County, Virginia, in 1785; was educated at William and Mary College; was a farmer by occupa tion; a Colonel in the War of 1812; was a United States Senator from Virginia from 1816 to 1817; fell in the memorable duel with Colonel McCarty, Feb ruary 6, 1819. Mason, Charles ; was born in New York about 1808; graduated at the head of his class at West Point in 1829; entered the Engineers, but resigned Decem ber 3, 1831; practiced law at Newburg, New York, from 1832 to 1834; in New York City from 1834 to 1836; Burlington, Iowa, from 1847 to 1853, and again from 1858 to 1859; and at Washington from 1860; was Acting Editor of the New York Evening Post in 1837 and 1838; Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Iowa from 1838 to 1847; Commissioner to draft a Code of Laws for the State of Iowa in 1848; Judge of Des Moines County Court in 1851 and 1852; United States Commissioner of Patents from 1853 to 1857. Mason, G-eorge; was born at Doeg s Neck, Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1726; was a Statesman of the Revolution ; in 1769 drew up the Non-impor tation Resolutions, which were presented by Wash ington in the Virginia Assembly and unanimously adopted; wrote a tract against British taxation, and presented a series of twenty-four resolutions in which he recommended a Congress of the Colonies; these were sanctioned by the Virginia Convention, and adopted by the First Congress; was a member of the Virginia Legislature, and in 1776 drafted the Declaration of Rights and Constitution of Virginia, and was known as the " Father of States Rights "; was a member of the Committee of Safety; in 1777 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress; in 1787 was a member of the Convention to frame the Fed eral Constitution, and favored the election of the President by the people; was opposed to the clause in the Constitution prohibiting the abolition of slavery, which he considered a great evil and a source of natural weakness; refused to sign the in strument, and, with Henry, objected to its ratifica tion by the State; was elected first United States Senator from Virginia but declined, and retired to private life. Died at his estate, " Gunston Hall," on the Potomac, October 7, 1792. Mason, James B.; was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives for many years, and for a part of the time was Speaker; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1815 to 1819. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 323 Mason, James M.; was born on Analostan Island, Fairfax County, Virginia, November 3, 1798; received a good education, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1818; studied law at the College of William and Mary, and obtained a license to practice in 1820; in 1826 was elected to the House of Delegates, and twice re-elected; was a Presidential Elector in 1833; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839; in 1847 was elected a Senator in Congress in the place of Senator Penny- backer, and re-elected in 1849, in which position he continued until 1861, having for several sessions been Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela tions; took part in the Rebellion of 1861; went to England as a Minister of the Confederate Govern ment; was captured by the San Jacinto; imprisoned in Fort Warren, and after his release took up his residence in Europe; was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861; his term would have expired in 1863; dur ing his absence in Europe his home at Winchester was destroyed by fire; after his return he lived in retire ment and poverty. Died near Alexandria, Virginia, April 28, 1871. Mason, Jeremiah; was born at Lebanon, Con necticut, April 27, 1768; destined for professional life, he entered Yale College, and, after graduating in 1788, entered upon the study of law, and acquired the reputation of being profoundly learned in com mon law; went to Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of that State, but subsequently removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he became the friend of Daniel Webster, who always spoke of him in extravagant terms of praise; in 1802 was appoint ed Attorney-General of the State, and from 1813 to 18L7 was a Senator in Congress; resigned for the pur pose of devoting himself to his profession; removed to Boston in 181)2, and on reaching the age of seventy left the bar, though he was consulted as chamber counsel to the close of his life; an edition of his " Life and Letters " was published for private circu lation in 1875. Died at Boston. November 14, 1848. Mason, John C.; was born in Kentucky; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. Mason, John Thomson; was born at Mont- pelier, Washington County, Maryland, in May 1815; graduated at Princeton College in 1836; read law in Hagerstown, and was admitted to the bar in 1838; the same year was elected a member of the Legisla ture of Maryland, and re-elected in 1839; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, being at that time the youngest man in Congress; in 1851 was elected by the people, under the new Constitution of the State, a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which position he filled until 1857, when he resigned, and was appointed Collector of the port of Baltimore. Died at Annapolis, March 28, 1873. Mason, John Y.; was born at Greensville, Sus sex County, Virginia, April 18, 1799; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1816, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; adopted the profession of the law, and was a Federal Judge of the Eastern District Court of Virginia; Judge also of the General Court of Virginia; served about ten years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1831 to 1837; was a Delegate to the Conventions of 1828 and 1849 for re vising the State Constitution; a member of President Tyler s Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy; a member of President Folk s Cabinet, first as Attorney-Gen eral, and secondly as Secretary of the Navy; was subsequently President of the James River and Kanawha Company; was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to France, in which position he was continued by President Buchanan; Died in Paris, of Apoplexy, October 3, 1859. Mason, Jonathan; was born in 1757; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1774; was a Senator of the United States from Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803, and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. Died at Boston November 1, 1831. Mason, Joseph ; was born at Plattsburg, New York, March 30, 1828; removed to Hamilton, New York, in 1840; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849; was County Judge of Madison County from 1864 to 1868; was Collector of Internal Revenue from 1871 to 1876; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Mason, Moses; was a County Commissioner from 1831 to 1834; a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1834 to 1837; subsequently a mem ber of the State Executive Council. Died at Bethel, June 25, 1866, aged seventy-five years. Mason, Samson ; was -born in Ohio; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1843; was afterwards a member of the Convention which formed the State Constitution. Mason, Stevens Thomson ; was born in Chapavvansio, Stafford County, Virginia, in 1760; educated at William and Mary College; was a lawyer by profession ; an officer in the Revolutionary War, attaining to the rank of General; was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses; a Presidential Elector in 1792; a Senator of the United States from Virginia from 1794 to 1803; a member of the Conven tion to form the Constitution of Virginia; a member of the State Legislature. Died in 1803. Mason, William ; was born in Connecticut; served in the Legislature of New York from Chenan- go County, from 1820 to 1822; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1837. Masters, Josiah ; was born in Woodbury, Con necticut, October 22, 1763; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1784, soon after which he removed to Schagh- ticoke, Rensselaer County, New York, which was thereafter his place of residence; was a prominent member of the State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was appointed Associate Judge of Rensselaer County; from 1805 to 1809 was a Repre sentative in Congress; in 1808 was chosen first Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the County, which office he held until his death; was a zealous sup porter of the general measures against Great Britain during the war of 1812, yet opposed, with great earnestness, in several able speeches, the embargo, non-intercourse, and other commercial restrictions; he numbered among his personal friends such pa triots as Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay, etc., and was a coadjutor and adviser of De Witt Clinton in the system of internal improvements which gave to New York the rank of the Empire State. Died June 30, 1822. Mathews, James; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Mathews, Vincent; was born in Orange County, New York, June 29, 1766; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1790; settled near El- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. inira. Tioga County; was elected a State Representa tive in 1793; in 1796 was chosen a State Senator; in 1798 was elected a commissioner to settle certain claims for bounty land; from 1809 to 1811 was a Rep resentative in Congress; in 1812 was appointed Dis trict Attorney for a number of counties in Western New York; in 1816 removed from Elmira to Bath, and thence to Rochester, pursuing the practice of his profession, in different places, for no less a period than fifty-six years; toward the close of his life served again in the Assembly of the State, and was District Attorney for Monroe County; the College of Geneva conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws when he was nearly seventy-live years of age. Died at Rochester, August 23, 1846. Mathewson, Elisha ; was at different periods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island; once Speaker of the House; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1811. Died at Scituate, Rhode Island, October 14, 1853, aged eighty-six years. Mathiot, Joshua; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Died July 30, 1849, at Newark, Ohio. Matlack, James; was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1821 to 1825. Died at Woodbury, in the same State, January 15, 1840. Matlack, Timothy; was born at Haddenfield, New Jersey, in 1730; was an active patriot in the Revolution; was one of the Society of Free Quakers; was a member of the General Committee of Safety ; was Colonel of a Pennsylvania Battalion, and did good service; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1780 to 1781; was many years " Master of the Rolls," and resided at Lancaster a long time; was afterwards Register of one of the Philadelphia Courts. Died at Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1829, and although ninety-nine years of age re tained his faculties to a remarkable degree. Matson, Aaron; was born in Plymouth, Mas sachusetts; was for many years Judge of Probate in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; was a State Councilor from l819 to 1821; a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1821 to 1825. Died at Newport, Vermont, July 18, 1855, aged eighty-five years. Matson, Courtland C.; was born at Brookville, Indiana, April 25, 1841; graduated at Asbury Uni versity, Indiana; enlisted in the Union Army at the breaking out of the Rebellion, and served until iti> suppression in 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel; after the close of the war studied law, and commenced to practice at (Jieencastle, Indiana; served three terms as Prosecuting Attorney; was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-seventh Con gress, and was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Matteson, Joel A.; was Governor of Illinois from 1853 to 1857. Died in Chicago, January 31. 1874. Matteson, Orsamus B. ; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses. Matthews, George ; was born in Augusta County, Virginia, in 1739; led a volunteer company against the Indians at the age of twenty-two, and distinguished himself at the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774; was Colonel of the Ninth Virginia Regiment in the Revolution, and was engaged at Braudywine and at Germantown, where he was made prisoner after receiving nine bayonet wounds; was confined on board a prison-ship in New York Harbor, and was not exchanged until December 5, 1781, when he joined Greene s Army as Commander of the Third Virginia Regiment; in 1785 removed, with his family, to a tract of land on Broad River, Oglethorpe County, Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1791 ; afterward Brigadier-General of Georgia Mili tia; was Governor of Georgia in 1780, and from 1793 to 1796; was authorized, by the President, January 26, 1811, to take possession of West Florida, and captured Amelia Island. Died at Augusta, Georgia. August 30, 1812. Matthews, Henry Mason ; was born in Green- brier County, Virginia, in 1834; graduated from the University of Virginia, and commenced the practice of law in his native county, in 1857; was, for several years, a Professor in Allegheny College, Pennsylva nia ; was a Major of Artillery in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; at the close of the war was elected a State Senator, but could not qualify; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of West Virginia in 1871; was elected Attorney-Gen eral of the State in 1872; was elected Governor in 1876, and served four years. Died at Lewisburg, West Virginia, April 29, 1884. Matthews, John ; was a Revolutionary patriot of South Carolina; was first Speaker of the House of Representatives of that State after the dissolution of the Royal Government in 1776; the same year was Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; from 1778 to 1782 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress; was a member of the Committee to visit the Army, and also of the Committee to confer with the Pennsylva nia Line of the army which had mutinied; was Gov ernor of South Carolina from 1782 to 1783; in 1784, on the establishment of the Court of Equity, was ap pointed one of the Judges. Died at Charleston, No vember, 1802, aged fifty-eight years. Matthews, Stanley; was born at Cincinnati. Ohio, July 21, 1824; received an academic education and graduated at Kenyon College in 1840; studied law, and practiced in Cincinnati; in 1851 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County, and resigned in 1853; was elected State Sen ator in 1853; was appointed United States District Attorney in 1858, and resigned in 1861; in 1861 en tered the Union Army as Lieutenant-Colonel and became a Colonel; in 1863 was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, and resigned in 1H(>4: was a Presidential Elector in 1864 and 1868; was defeated for Congress in 1876 by 75 votes; was elected a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sherman, and served from March, 1877, to March, 1879; in 1881 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Matthews, William ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1797 to 1799. Mattocks, John; was born in Hartford. Con necticut, in 1776; removed to Peacham, Vermont; was, for many years, distinguished as a successful lawyer; held various public trusts; was, for two years, Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont; was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825. and from 1841 to 1,843; was Governor of the State one year, declining a re-election to that office. Died at Peacham, Vermont, August 14, 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Mattoon, Ebenezer ; was born in Amherst, Mas sachusetts, August 19, 1755; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1776; in 1797 was a Presidential Elector; was a Major in the War of 1812; Sheriff of Hamp shire; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1801 to 1803, having succeeded L. Ly- man, resigned; in 1816 was chosen Adjutant-General of Militia. Died in Amherst, September 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years. Maul, Joseph; was Acting Governor of Dela ware in 1846, having previously , been elected Lieu- tenant-Governor. Maurice, James ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Maury, Abraham P.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839. Died at his residence, in Williamson County, Tennessee, July 22, 1848. Maury, "William A.; was a resident of Virginia; in 1882 was appointed an Assistant Attorney-General of the United States. Maxey, S. B.; was born in Monroe County, Ken tucky, March 30, 1825; was educated there in private schools until seventeen years of age; in 1842 entered as a Cadet at West Point, and graduated in 1846; joined the Seventh Regiment of the United States Infantry at Monterey, Mexico, as brevet Second Lieutenant; in 1847 received brevet as First Lieuten ant for services at Contreras and Cherubusco; served through the Mexican war, and resigned in 1849; re turned to Kentucky; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; removed to Texas in 1857; in 1861 was elected State Senator for four years; de clined to serve, and raised the Ninth Texas Infantry for the Confederate service, and was made Colonel; was Brigadier-General in 1862, Major-General in 1864; commanded the District of the Indian Terri tory from 1863 to the close of the war, and was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs; resumed the prac tice of law; in 1874 was elected United States Sen ator from Texas; was re-elected for the term ending in 1887. Maxey, Virgil ; was born at Attleborough Mas sachusetts; studied law with R. G. Harper, of Mary land, and settled in that State, where he soon became eminent in his profession ; was a member of both houses of the Legislature; Solicitor of the United States Treasury, and Charge. <V Affaires to Belgium; published Compilation of the Laws of Maryland from 1692 to 1809," 4 vols. 8vo, 1809; "Oration be fore the Phi Beta Kappa Society," in 1833. Was killed February 28, 1844, on board the United States steamer Princeton, by the explosion of one of her guns. Max-well, Augustus B.; was born in Elberton, Georgia, September 21, 1820; received the benefit of country schools in Alabama, and graduated at the University of Virginia; studied la*\v; removed to Florida; in 1847 was elected to the Assembly of that State; was Secretary of State in 18 18; a State Senator in 1849; was a member of Congress from 1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomination, and in 1857 was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida; in 1866 was appointed President of the Pensacola and Montgomery Railroad. Max-well, George C.; was a native of New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1792; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1811 to 1813. Max-well, J. P. B.; was born in New Jersey in 1805; graduated at Princeton College in 1823; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839. and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Belvidere, New Jersey, November 14, 1845. Was a candidate lor election to the Twenty -sixth Congress, and although he came with the great seal of his State, was not ad mitted. Maxwell, Lewis ; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1833. Max-well, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1829 to 1831. May, Henry ; was born in the District of Co lumbia; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1853 to 1855; was re- elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress; was ap pointed, by President Pierce, to visit Mexico on busi ness with the " Gardiner Claim, " and during the Re bellion voluntarily went to Richmond on a peace mission, but was unsuccessful. Died in Baltimore, September 25, 1863. May, "William L.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois from 1835 to 1839. Mayall, Samuel ; was born in Maine; served in the State Legislature in 1845, 1847, and 1848; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1853 to 1855. Maybury, "William C.; was born at Detroit, Michigan, November 21, 1848; was educated at the University of Michigan, from which institution he re ceived the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Master of Arts; began the practice of law at Detroit in 1871; was elected City Attorney in 1875, and served four years; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress. Mayer, Charles F.; was born in Maryland; at tained a high position at the bar of Maryland, as well as Judge of the Court of Appeals at Annapolis, and as a Judge of the United States. Died in Balti more, January 3, 1864, aged about sixty -seven years. Mayham, S. L.; was born in Blenheim, Scho- harie County, New York, October 8, 1825; received an academic education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848; in 1857 was elected Supervisor of Blen heim, and was re-elected three times; in 1859 was elected District Attorney for Schoharie County, for three years; was a member of the State Assembly in 1863; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenses in the Post Office Department; was again a Representative in the Forty-fifth Con gress. Maynard, Horace ; was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, August 30, 1814; graduated at Am herst College in 1838; soon afterwards emigrated to Tennessee ; entered the University of East Tennessee as a tutor, and subsequently received the appoint ment of Professor of Mathematics in that institution; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; acquired an extensive practice in his profession; held a number of local offices in his adopted State; was a Presidential Elector iu 1852; was elected a Repre sentative from Tennessee to the Thirty-fifth Con gress; during the first session of that Congress 326 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Chairman of the Special Committee to investigate the accounts of William Cullom, late Clerk of the House of Representatives, and was a member ot the I mittee on Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee; also re- elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress; tor his loyalty during the troubles of 1801, his property was confiscated, and he and his family were driven from Eastern Tennessee; was a Delegate to the Baiti- more Convention" of 1864; after the close of the E bellion, in 18U5, was elected a Representative Irom Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end ol ue first session of that Congress; was made Chairman ol the Committee on Southern Railroads, and placed on the Committee on the District of Columbia; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of I860; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; was President of the "Border State Convention," held in Baltimore in 1867; was also elected to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses; in March, 1875, was appointed, by President Grant, Minister Resi dent to Turkey; during his last term in Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Banking; in 1880 re signed the post of Minister and returned home; in August of that year was appointed Postmaster-Gen eral, and served in that position until March, 1881. Died May 3, 1882. Maynard, Isaac H.; was born at Bovina, Dela ware County, New York, April 9, 1838; his early ed ucation was obtained in the common schools; he then attended Stamford Seminary from 1854 to 1858, and Amherst College. Massachusetts, from 1858 to 1862; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Novem ber, 1863; commenced the practice of law at Delhi, New York, immediately afterward; removed to Stam ford, in the same county, in June, 1865, and con tinued the practice of his profession; in 1869 was elected a Supervisor of the town; in 1870 was re- elected and was chosen Chairman of the Board ; in the same year was elected the first President of the newly incorporated village of Stamford; was nine times, successively, re-elected ; in 1875 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; was re- elected in 1876; in 1877 was elected County Judge and Surrogate of Delaware County, and served six years; in 1883 was a candidate for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated; in January, 1884, was appointed First Deputy Attorney-General of the State of New York, and served until June, 1885, when he was appointed, by President Cleveland, Sec ond Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States. Maynard, John ; was a resident of New York; graduated at Union College in 1810; studied law and commenced practice at Seneca Falls; then removed to Auburn; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and gave a zealous support to the administration of Mr. Adams; was subse quently a member of the New York Senate for four years; was again a member of Congress from 1841 to 1843; was Judge of the Supreme Court of New York from January, 1850, was a Judge of the Court oJ Appeals. Died in Auburn, New York, March 24, 1850. Mayo, Robert M.; was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, April 28, 1836; was educated at the Virginia Military Institute, graduating there from in 1857; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1860; was a Colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1881 ; was elected a Rep resentative from Virginia to the Forty-eighth Con gress by a plurality of one vote. Mayrant, William; was a native of South Jarolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State during the years 1815 and 1816. McAdoo "William ; was born in County Done gal Ireland. October 25, 1853; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States at an early age, and settled at Jersey City, New Jersey; received a com mon school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1874; engaged in practice at Jersey City was, for some years, Counsel to a local Board; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1882; was elected a Representative from New Jersey -jo the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. McAfee, Robert B.; was born in Mercer Coun ty, Kentucky, 1784; was appointed Captain in R. M. Johnson s Regiment of Kentucky Volunteers, under General Harrison, at the Battle of the Thames; was Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky from 1820 to 1824; Charge, d? Affaires to Colombia from 1835 to 1837; author of "History of the Late War in the Western Country," in 1816. McAllister, Archibald ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1814; settled in Blair County; was, for thirty -three years, engaged in the manufacture of iron; in 1862 was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af fairs. Died July 18, 1883. McAllister, Matthew Hall ; was born in Savan nah, Georgia, November 26, 1800; was a prominent lawyer; was appointed United States District Attor ney for Georgia, a post held by his father during the administration of Washington; was, for some years, Mayor of Savannah; was an opponent to Nullifica tion in 1832; was a member of the Legislature in 1835; was a State Senator for five years, and caused the establishment of the Court of Errors; emigrated, with his family, to California in 1850; from 1855 to 1862 was United States Circuit Judge of that State; was the author of a Eulogy on President Jackson, and a volume of legal opinions published by his son: re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Columbia College. Died at San Francisco, California, December 19, 1865. Me Arthur, Arthur; was born in Scotland: settled in Wisconsin; was Lieutenant-Governor of that State in 185(i; was elected to a Judgeship in that State, which position he held until 1861); in 1870 was appointed one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States for the District of Colum bia. McArthur, Duncan; was born in Dutchess County, New York in 1772; when eight years of age removed, with his father, to Pennsylvania; at the age of eighteen volunteered in defense of the frontier settlements of Ohio against the Indians; studied sur veying, and acquired great wealth in the business of buying and selling lands, in addition to surveying them; in 1805 he was a member of the Legislature; in 1806 was appointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major- General of the State Militia, performed valuable ser vices during the War of 1812, in which he held a General s commission, and although elected to Con gress in 1812, declined leaving his command; in 1815 was again a member of the Legislature; in 1816 was appointed Commissioner to conclude Treaties with the Indians; from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legisla ture; was Speaker of the House in 1817; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825 ; in 1830 was chosen Governor of the State, which BIOGRAPHICAL, ANNALS. 327 position he held until 1833; while in that office met with an accident, from the effects of which he never recovered. McBride, James ; was a citizen of Oregon; was appointed Minister Resident to Hawaii in 1863; re turned to the United States in 1866. McBride, John B.; was born in Franklin Coun ty, Missouri, August 22, 1832; emigrated to Oregon in 184<j; in 1854 was chosen Superintendent of Com mon Schools; studied law, and came to the bar in 1855; in 1867 was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the Oregon State Constitution; was chosen to the State Senate for four years after its adoption ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; was subsequently ap pointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Idaho. McCaleb, Theodore H.; was a citizen of Louisiana, residing at New Orleans; in 1842 was ap pointed United States Judge for the two Districts of Louisiana. McCalla, John ; was born in Virginia; in 1845 was appointed Second Auditor of the Treasury, re maining in office until 1849. McCalmont, Alfred B.; was a native of Penn sylvania; was educated for the bar; in 1859 was ap pointed the First Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, and remained in office until 1861. McCalmont, John S.; was born at Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1822; was educated at the village schools, a private Latin school, Allegheny College, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, gradu ating from the latter institution in the class of 1842; was commissioned Second Lieutenant United States Army, and assigned to the Eighth Regiment United States Infantry; resigned in 1843; read law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1845; was Deputy Attorney- General for Clarion, McKean, and Elk Counties, Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1847; was a Representa tive in the State Legislature in 1849 and 1850, serv ing as Speaker during the latter year; was a Presi dential Elector in 1852; in 1853 was appointed Presi dent Judge of the Eighteenth District of Pennsylva nia, and was elected for a full term often years; re signed in 18(il to take command of the Tenth Regi ment Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteers; resigned his commission as Colonel May 9, 1862; in April, 1885, was appointed Commissioner of Customs in the Unit ed States Treasury Department. McCandless, Wilson ; was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, about the year 1811; was educated at the Western University; studied law and came to the bar in 1831; practiced his profession in Pitts burgh for more than twenty-five years; in 1859 was appointed United States District Judge for Western Pennsylvania; in early life devoted some attention to politics; later was identified with many of the local interests of his city and State, and as a Mason and a churchman assisted many benevolent institutions; from Union College he received the degree of Doctor of Laws. McCarthy, Dennis ; was born in the village of Salina, now within the limits of Syracuse, New York, March 19, 1814; received a common school and aca demic education; turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and became a manufacturer of salt; in 1846 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1853 was Mayor of Syracuse, and after holding various other positions of trust and honor, was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committtees on Foreign Affairs, Roads and Canals, and Ways and Means; in 1875 was elected to the Senate of New York; remained in the Senate, by re-election, until 1885; in 1881 was chosen President of the Senate pro tern. Died Feb ruary 14, 1886. McCarty, Andrew Z.; was born in New York; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1848; was a Representative in Congress from that Stale from 1855 to 1857. McCarty, Jonathan ; was a native of Tennes see; removed, with his father, at an early age to In diana; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was for a time Clerk of the Circuit or County Court at Conners- ville; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1831 to 1837; left Indiana for Iowa, where he died in 1855. McCarty, Richard ; was born in Albany, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823. * McCarty, "William M.; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1840 to 1841. McCauslen, William C.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. McCay, Henry Kent ; was born in Northum berland County, Pennsylvania, January 8, 1820; at tended the local schools until his seventeenth year, when he entered Princeton College; was a close student, and graduated with distinction in 1839; a few months after leaving college went to Georgia, and, for two years, engaged in teaching school at Lexington, Oglethorpe County; during this period studied law; in 1842 removed to Americus, Georgia; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the prac tice of law at Americus; in 1861 entered the Confed erate Army as a Lieutenant in the Forty-second Georgia Infantry; served throughout the Civil War; at its close returned to his home in Americus, and resumed the practice of law; became a Republican in politics, and favored very strongly the reconstruction measures; was a member of the Constitutional Con vention of 1868; was appointed, by Governor Bul lock, a Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia, which position he held for nearly eight years, when he resigned and began the practice of law in Atlanta, Georgia; in August, 1882, was appointed, by Presi dent Arthur, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Georgia. Died at Atlanta, Georgia, July 30, 1886. McClean, Moses; was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1804; studied law; came to the bar in 1825, and settled in Gettysburg; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1845 to 1847; in 1855 was elected to the State Legislature; was for several years President of the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania College; acquired a large practice in his profession. Died in his native place, October 1, 1870. McClellan, Abraham ; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1837 to 1843. McClellan, G-eorge Brinton ; was the son of a distinguished physician, George McClellan, and born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826; graduated at West Point in 1846; distinguished himself as a Lieu tenant and Captain in the war with Mexico; in 1847 328 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. entered West Point as an Instructor, and prepared a "Manual on Bayonet Exercise," which became a text-book in the service; in 1852 accompanied his father-in-law, General E. B. Marcy, as engineer on his expedition to Texas; was detailed to explore the route tor the Pacific Railway, his report forming the first of the complete work in thirteen volumes; in 1855 he visited the Crimea with Delafield and Mor- deica. and published a report of his observations on the "Armies of Europe"; resigned his commission, and spent three years as Engineer and Vice- President of the Illinois Central Railroad, and also had charge of other important roads in the West; when the Rebellion commenced he was appointed Major-General of Volun teers in Ohio; was soon made Major-General in the Regular Army, and on the retirement of General Scott was made General-in-Chief of the American Army; commanded the army of the Potomac in the protracted Peninsula campaign; won the battle of Antietam; resigned from the army in 1864; was the Democratic Candidate for President, but was de feated by Abraham Lincoln, who was re-elected; published a number of books on military matters. and a Report on the Organization and Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac ;*traveled in Europe; his life was written by George S. Hillard: was Governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881. Died October 29, 1885. McClellan, Robert ; was a native Schoharie County, New York ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died in 1860, aged fifty-five years. McClelland, Robert; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1807; graduated at Dickin son College; practiced law for a year or so at Pitts burgh; in 1833 removed to Michigan and established himself at Monroe; served for several years in the Legislature of that State; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849; was Governor of Michi gan in 1852 and 1853; in 1853 was appointed Secre tary of the Interior Department, by President Pierce, the duties of which position he performed until 1857 ; subsequently settled in Detroit and practiced his profession there; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. McClelland, William; was born in Mount Jackson, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1842; attended Westminster College at New Wilmington, Pennsyl vania; at the outbreak of the Rebellion enlisted as a private in the First Artillery, and served over four years, becoming Commander; participated in all the battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, except Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; subsequently at tended Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylva nia; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1870; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Manufactures. McClenachan, Blair ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1799. McClene, James ; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. McClernand, John A.; was born in Brecken- ridge County, Kentucky, May 30, 1812; was reared at Shawneetown, Illinois, and had only the advan tages of a common school education; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1832; served as a pri vate, but with credit, in the Black Hawk War; es tablished the first Democratic press at Shawn eeto wn- edited his paper and practiced law until 1843, when tie was elected to Congress from Illinois, and served as a Representative until 1851 ; had also, before go ing to Congress, been elected to the State Legisla ture; in 1859 was again elected to Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, but resigned to accept the commission of Brigadier-General in the Union Army in 1861; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. McClung 1 , Alexander K..; was born in Mason County, Kentucky, about 1812; enlisted in the Navy when a lad ; afterward studied law, and practiced in Mississippi ; was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Mexican War, and severely wounded at Monterey; from 1849 to 1851 was Charge d Affaires to Bolivia; delivered an able eulogium on Henry Clay at the State Capitol in 1852. McClung, "William; was appointed, by Presi dent Adams, in 1801, United States Judge of the Cir cuit Court of the Sixth Circuit. McClure, Addison S.; was born at Wooster, Ohio, October 10, 1839; received an academic educa tion; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1861; served in the Union Army during the War of the Re bellion, attaining the rank of Captain; was elected Recorder of Wooster in 1867; was appointed Postmas ter in that year and re-appointed in 1872 and 1876; was a Delegate to the Republican. National Conven tions of 1868 and 1876; edited the Wooster Republican newspaper from 1870 to 1880; was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh Congress. McClurg, Joseph W.; was born in St. Louis County, Missouri, February 22, 1818; received a good education, chiefly at Oxford College, Ohio; in his seventeenth year went to Louisiana and Mississippi . and spent nearly two years as a teacher; went to Texas in 1841, where he was admitted to the bar, and was Clerk of the Circuit Court; in 1844 settled in Missouri as a merchant; when the Rebellion broke out his interests suffered greatly from the plunder of the Rebels; took part in the war as Colonel of the Osage Regiment of Infantry, and also of a Cavalry Regiment; was a member of the Missouri " State Con vention " in 1862; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864; was re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Elections, and as Chairman of the Committee on Southern Railroads; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention " of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress; in 1868 was elected Governor of Missouri ; after the expiration of his term, went extensively into the business of mining. McCoid, Moses A.; was born in Logan County, Ohio, November 5, 1840; received a collegiate educa tion; studied law; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; engaged in the practice of law at Fairfield, Iowa: was District Attorney of the Sixth Judicial District of Iowa from 1867 to 1871; was State Senator from 1872 to 1879; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. McCemas, Louis B.; was born near Williams - port, Washington County, Maryland, October 28, 1846; received a classical education, attending St. James College, Maryland, for three years, and gradu ating from Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1866; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1868, and engaged in practice at Hagerstown, Maryland; was defeated for Congress in 1876 by fourteen votes, WHS BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS 329 elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress McComas, "William; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Commit tee on Manufactures McComb, Eleazer ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from Delaware from 1782 to 1784. McConnell, Felix G-. ; was a native of Lincoln .County, Tennessee; in 1824 removed to Talladega County, Alabama; was brought up a mechanic, but subsequently adopted the profession of law; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1846. Died, by his own hand, in Washington, District of Columbia, September, 1846, aged thirty- six years. McConnell, Murray ; was born in Illinois; in 1855 was appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, where he remained until 1859. McConnell, William B.; was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, November 15, 1849; was re moved, by his parents, to Angola, Indiana, while an infant and continued to reside there until 1879; was educated in the common-schools and at the Waynes- burg, Pennsylvania, College; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar, and engaged in practice at Angola; in 1872 was appointed, by Governor Hendricks, Pre senting Attorney for the Thirty -fifth Circuit of Indi ana; was twice elected to the same office, serving for about five years; in 1879, removed to Fargo, Dakota, where he continued the practice of his profession; was City Attorney of Fargo in 1883; on May 8, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory. McConville, David ; was born at Warrenpoint, County Down, Ireland, July 30. 1846; came to the United States, with his parents, in 1849, and located at Steubenville, Ohio, where his father engaged in merchandising; he received a liberal education, grad uating from the High School at Steubenville, Ohio, in June, 1862; at once entered his father s store as a clerk; in 1869 began business on his own account; took a deep interest in politics; in 1875 was an un successful candidate for Representative in the State Legislature; in 1878 was appointed, by Governor Bishop, Director of the Ohio Penitentiary; was a member of the Democratic State Executive Commit tee of Ohio in 1879 and 1880; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1880 and 1884; was Vice-Chairman of the Democratic State Execu tive Committee in 1883 and 1884; was Secretary to the Governor of Ohio from January, 1884, to April, 1885, when he was appointed, by President Cleve land, Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury Department at Washington. McCook, Anson G.; was born at Steubenville, Ohio, October 10, 1835 ; received a common school edu cation; in 1854 crossed the plains to California; return ing in 1859 commenced the study of law; entered the Union Army, in 1861, as Captain, and served through out the war, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was appointed Assessor of Inter nal Revenue in 1865; removed to New York in 1873; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses; in December, 1883, was elected Secretary of the United States Senate. McCopk, Edward M.; was born in Steuben ville, Ohio, in June, 1834; was educated in a log school house; went to Minnesota in 1856, and became Private Secretary of the Governor; emigrated to Pike s Peak in 1859; was a member of the Kansas Legisla ture in 1860; entered the army at the opening of the Rebellion, and by 1864 had attained the rank of Brevet Major-General, his exploits on the battle field were numerous and distinguished; between the years 1866 and 1869 was Minister to the Hawaiian Islands; in the latter year was appointed Governor of Colo rado. McCord, Andrew; was a member of the New York Assembly, during the years 1800, 1801, 18 J2, and 1807, part of the time Speaker; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805. McCorkle, Joseph W.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from California from 1851 to 1853. McCormick, Andrew Phelps; was born in Brazoria County, Texas, December 18, 1832; received a classical education, graduating from Centre College. Kentucky, in 1854; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855, and engaged in practice at Brazoria, Texas; was Judge of Probate in Brazoria County in 1865 and 1866; was a member of the State Constitu tional Conventions of 1866 and 1868; was Judge of the Circuit Court from 1871 to 1876; was State Sena tor from 1876 to 1879; was appointed United States District Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas in 1878; declining to qualify before the expiration of his Senatorial term, he was, in 1879, appointed United States District Judge for the Northern Dis trict of Texas, and resigned as, Senator to enter upon his judicial duties; the same year removed to Dallas, Texas: in 1883 settled at Graham, Texas. McCormick, James B.; was born in Washing ton County, Missouri, August 1, 1824; received a common school education: in 1849 received the degree of M.D. ; was elected a Delegate to the State Con vention of 1861, in 1862 was elected to the State Senate; served as a Brigadier-General of Militia in 1863; was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Sur geon in the army, which position he resigned; was again elected to the State Senate in 1866; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Fortieth Con gress, to fill a vacancy, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was re-elected to the Forty- first and Forty -second Congresses, serving on various Committees. McCormick, John "Watts ; was born in Gallia County, Ohio, December 20, 1831: was reared on a farm; received a common school education; at the age of nineteen entered the Ohio Wesleyan Univers ity and remained there two years; then entered the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio ; was forced to withdraw, during the last term of his sophomore year, by reason of ill -health ; was soon -after left in charge of the farm by the death of his father; attend ed to the farm duties during the summer and taught school in the winter months; espoused the cause of religion and was licensed as a Local Minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church; was ordained a Local Deacon in 1884, and a Local Elder in 1879 ; held sev eral positions of local trust; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1873; was elected a itonresen native from Oklo to the Forty-eighth Con- 330 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. McCormick, Richard C.; was born in New York City in 1832; received a classical education; entered into business in Wall street in 1850; visited Europe during the Crimean War, and published a book of correspondence which was successful in England; also a volume entitled "St. Paul to St. Sophia; or Sketchings in Europe"; from 1857 to 1861 was a Trustee of Public Schools in New York ; in 1859 edited the Young Men s Magazine, and con tributed to other periodicals; was a "War Corres pondent" for several leading New York journals ; in 1862 was Chief Clerk of the Department of Agri culture in Washington; in 1863 was appointed Secre tary of Arizona Territory; in 1866 was appointed Governor of the Territory; in 1868 was elected Dele gate from Arizona to the Fo>-ty-first Congress, and re- elected to the two succeeding Congresses; in 1875 was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Exhibi tion; was Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury Department from April to December, 1877. McCoy, Robert ; resided at one time in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and held several public positions in that State, such as Brigadier-General of Militia and Canal Commissioner; was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1833. Died at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849. McCoy, William ; was born in Augusta County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1833. McCrary, George W. ; was born near Evans- ville, Indiana, August 29, 1835; removed, with his parents, to Wisconsin Territory in 1836; received a common school and academic education ; studied law and came to the bar in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1856; in 1857 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1861 was elected to the State Senate for four years; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws, and Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv ing as Chairman of the Committees on Elections, and Railroads and Canals; also re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; was Secretary of War, in the Cabinet of President Hayes, from March, 1877, to December, 1879, when he was appointed United States Circuit Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit. McCrate, John D.; was born in Wiscasset, Maine, about 1800; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1819; adopted the profession of the law; was a mem ber of the State Legislature from 1831 to 1836; Col lector of Customs at Wiscasset from 1836 to 1841; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to 1847. McCreary, James B.; was born in Madison County, Kentucky, July 8, 1838; graduated from Center College, Danville, Kentucky, in 1857; read law, attended the Law College of the University of Tennessee, and graduated, in 1859, with first honors in a class of forty-seven; immediately engaged in practice at Richmond, Kentucky, devoting some time to agricultural pursuits also; at the beginning of the Civil War enlisted as a private in the Confederate Army and was elected. Major of the Eleventh Ken tucky Cavalry; at the time of the surrender of the Confederate forces was Lieutenant-Colonel of his regi ment; in 1868 was a Delegate to the Democratic Na tional Convention ; in 1869 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature and was twice re-elected; in 1871 was elected Speaker and was re-elected in 1873; was elected Governor of Kentucky in 1875, and served four years; resumed the practice of law at Richmond; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-ninth Congress. McCreary, John ; was born in Chester District, South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821. McCreary, "William ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1803 to 1809. McCreedy, William; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831. McCreery, Thomas C.; was born in Kentucky in 1817; studied law, but instead of practicing the profession, turned his attention to agricultural pur suits; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; a Visitor to the West Point Academy in 1858; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress in the place of James Guthrie, resigned; that term expired in 1871; was re-elected in 1873 for the term ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, Indian Affairs, Civil Service, and Retrenchment. McCue, Alexander ; was born at Metamora, Mexico, in 1826; graduated from Columbia College, New York, in 1845; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and entered upon the practice of law at Brooklyn, New York; was Corporation Counsel of the City of Brooklyn in 1861 and 1862, and again in 1867 and 1868; in 1870 was elected one of the Judges of the City Court of Brooklyn, serving until April, 1885, when, upon receiving the appointment of Solic itor of the United States Treasury at Washington, ten dered him by President Cleveland, he resigned the Judgeship, and entered upon the discharge of the duties of his new office. McCulloch, George ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1840 to 1841. McCulloch, Hugh; was born in Kennebunk, Maine; in 1824 entered Bowdoin College, but left in his sophomore year on account of his health; studied law, and on being admitted to practice, removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1833; in 1835 was chosen Cashier of the Branch of the State Bank of Indiana, and as such, and also as a Director, was connected with it until 1857; in that year was elected President of the State Bank, in which position he continued until 1863; was soon afterwards appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Comptroller of the Currency, which Bureau he organized and put into successful opera tion; in March, 1865, entered the Cabinet as Secre tary of the Treasury. McCulloch, John; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. McCulloch, Thomas G.; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1820 to 1822, for the unexpired term of D. Fullerton. McCullough, Hiram ; was born in Cecil Coun ty, Maryland, September 20, 1813; educated at the Elkton Academy; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1838; was elected to the Maryland Senate in 1845, and re-elected, serving until the adoption of the Constitution of 1851 ; in the winter of 1852 and 1853 was appointed by the Legislature one of the Codifiers of the Laws of Maryland, and aided in making the present code of that State; also held various offices of trust and responsibility connected BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. with the courts, and the town and county of his resi dence; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Committee and on that on Accounts; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. McCurdy, Charles Johnson; was born at Lyine, Connecticut, December 7, 1797; graduated at Yale College in 1817; studied law with Judge Swift; was prominent in the profession ; was a member of both branches of the Legislature, and three years Speaker of the House; Lieutenant-Governor in 1845 and 1846; United States Minister to Austria in 1851 and 1852; in 1856 was appointed a Judge of the Su perior Court, and subsequently on the Supreme Bench until 1867; in February, 1861, was an active member of the Peace Congress; received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College. McCurdy, S. P. ; was born in Kentucky; re moved to Missouri, from which State he was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Fort Bridger. McDaniel, Henry D.; was born at Monroe, Walton County, Georgia, September 4, 1837; passed his boyhood at Atlanta, Georgia; was graduated from Mercer University, Georgia, with the degrees of A. B. and A. M. ; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Monroe, his native place; was a member of the Convention, in 1861, which decided upon the secession of Georgia from the Union; in July, 1861, entered the Con federate Army as a First Lieutenant; in November, 1862, was promoted to Major; served in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia until after the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in July, 1863; during the third day of that battle was in command of a Brigade; while in command of his regiment, in the retreat from Gettysburg, was wounded and taken prisoner; remained a prisoner of war until July, 18G5; then returned to his home and resumed the practice of his profession; in October, 1865, was elected a Representative in the Georgia Legislature ; was disqualified, by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, from holding office; in 1872 his disabilities were removed by Act of Congress, and, in October of that year, he was again elected a Representative in the Legislature; in October, 1874, was elected a State Senator; was suc cessively re-elected, serving until 1883; in April, 1883, was elected Governor of Georgia for the unex- pired term of Alexander H. Stephens, deceased; in 1884 was re-elected for a full term of two years. McDill, Alexander S.; was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1822; graduated at the Cleveland Medical College; was engaged in the general practice of his profession from 1848 until 1856, when he removed to Portage County, Wiscon sin ; was elected to the State House of Representa tives in 1861, and to the State Senate in 1862; chosen a Presidential Elector in 1864; was one of the Board of Managers of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane from 1862 to 1868, when he was elected Medi cal Superintendent, which position he resigned to take his seat in the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor. McDill, James "Wilson ; was born in Monroe, Ohio, March 4, 1834; graduated at the Miami Uni versity, Ohio, in 1853; studied law at Columbus, Ohio; was admitted to the bar in 1856, and removed to Iowa; was elected Judge of Union County in 1659; in 1861 appointed Clerk of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, and a Clerk in the office of the Third Auditor of the Treasury, in which position he served until 1865, when he resigned, and returned to Iowa; was elected Circuit Judge in 1868; in 1870, appointed, and then elected, District Judge; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad; was a State Railroad Commissioner from ! 1878 to 1881; in 1881 was first appointed and then elected to fill the vacancy in the United States Sen ate, caused by the resignation of S. J. Kirkwood. McDonald, Alexander; was born in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1832; was educated chiefly at the Lewisburg University; emigrated to Kansas in 1857, and turned his attention to mercan tile pursuits; took a leading part in raising troops for the Union Army during the Rebellion, and for a time supported three regiments at his private expense ; in 1863 settled in Arkansas as a merchant; estab lished and became President of a National Bank at Fort Smith; also became President of the Merchant s National Bank at Little Rock; was elected a Senator in Congress from Arkansas for the term ending in | 1871, having taken his seat on the admission of that State into the Union, serving on the Committees on the Post-Office, Territories, and Manufactures; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1868. McDonald, Charles J.; was Governor of Geor gia from 1839 to 1843. McDonald, David ; was a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Indiana. McDonald, J. E.; was born in Butler County, Ohio, August 29, 1819; removed to Indiana at the age of seven; was apprenticed to the saddler s trade at Crawfordsville; was two years in college but did not graduate; was admitted to the bar in 1843; elected Prosecuting Attorney in that year, and held the office four years; in 1849 was elected a Represent ative in Congress, and served one term; elected At torney-General of the State in 1856 ; re-elected in 1 858 ; removed to Indianapolis in 1859; was a Candidate for Governor in 1864, but defeated; was elected to the United States Senate in 1875, for the term ending in 1881. McDougall, Alexander ; was born in Scotland in 1731; came to America with his father about 1755; settled near New York, in which city his youth was passed in various active employments; while a prin ter, the action of the State Assembly in 1769 in re jecting the vote by ballot, and favoring the bill of supplies for troops quartered in the city, caused him to issue an address entitled, "A Son of Liberty to the Betrayed Inhabitants of the Colony." This was voted, by the Assembly, a seditious paper, and he was imprisoned. Upon regaining his liberty, pre sided over the meeting preparatory to electing Dele gates for the Continental Congress; was appointed Colonel of the First New York Regiment; Brigadier- General, August 9, 1776;Major-General, October 20, 1777; superintended the embarkation of troops on the evening of August 29, 1776, after the defeat on Long Island; was actively engaged on Chatterton s Hill, White Plains, October 26, and in various places in New Jersey, in the spring of 1777 took command at Peekskill, but was compelled, by a superior force, to retreat, March 23; was in the Battle of German- town; took command of the posts on the Hudson, March 16, 1778; with Kosciusko pushed the construc tion of fortifications on the Highlands until the close- of 1780; was a Delegate from New York to the Conti- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. nental Congress in 1781 and 1782; again in 1784 and 1785; in 1781 was appointed, by Congress, Minister of Marine, but did not long remain in Philadelphia; in 1783, when the army went into winter quarters at Newburg, he was the head of the Committee sent to Congress to represent its grievances; was a member of the New York Senate in 1783, and remained in that position until his death, which occurred in New York City, June 8, 1786. McDougall, James A.; was born in Bethlehem, Albany County, New York, November 19, 1817; re ceived his education at the Albany Grammar School ; assisted in the survey of the first railway ever built in this country, that of Albany and Schenectady; studied law, and adopted that profession; removed to Pike County, Illinois, in 1837; in 1842 was chosen Attorney-General of Illinois; re-elected in 1844; in 1849 originated and accompanied an exploring expe dition to Rio del Norte, the Gila, and Colorado; af terwards emigrated to California, and followed his profession at San Francisco; in 1850 was elected At torney-General of California; was a Representative in Congress-from California from 1853 to 1855, declining a re-nomination; in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress for six years, serving on the Committees on Finance, and Naval Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad ; was also a Dele gate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864, and to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Died at Albany, New York, September 3, 1867. McDoug-all, John ; was Acting-Governor of Cal ifornia from 1851 to 1852. McDowell, James ; was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1796; graduated at Princeton College in 1817; was Governor of Virginia from 1842 to 1845; from 1845 to 1851 was a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh Congressional District of Virginia: in 1846 his Alma Mater conferred on him the degree of LL.D. ; he was an eloquent speaker, an upright man and a true patriot. Died near Lex ington, Virginia, August 24, 1851. McDowell, James Foster ; was born in Mif- flin County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1825; went with his parents to Ohio in 1835; served for a time in a printing office, during which apprenticeship he studied law; came to the bar in his twenty-first year; his first office was that of County Attorney; in 1851 he settled in Indiana and established the Marion Journal] was a Presidential Elector in 1852; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. McDowell, Joseph ; was born in Winchester, Virginia; emigrated, with his father, to North Caro lina, where he took an active part in the military operations of the time, and was at the battle of King s Mountain; was a member of the House of Commons from 1782 to 1788; was a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1797 to 1799. McDowell, Joseph J.; was born in North Carolina; on removing to Kentucky, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. McDuffie, Q-eorge; was born in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1788; was for a time a clerk in Augusta; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1813; adopted the profession of law; served a num ber of years in the State Legislature; was a Trustee of his Alma Mater; a Major of Militia; was elected a Representative in Congress from South Carolina in 1821. and served until 1835, when he was chosen Governor of the State; in 1843 was elected a Senator of the United States, but was compelled by ill-health to resign that station before the expiration of his term of office ; his ill-health was partly the result of a duel, which he fought in Augusta, Georgia, with Colonel Gumming, in which he was wounded; he was a co-worker and friend of Calhoun and Hayne, and an eloquent defender of the peculiar institutions of the South. Died in Sumter District, South Caro lina, March 11, 1851. McEnery, Samuel Douglas; was born at Monroe, Louisiana, May 28, 1837; received a com mon school education until fourteen years of age, when he was sent to Spring Hill College, near Mo bile, Alabama ; in 1851 was appointed a Cadet Mid shipman at the United States Naval Academy, An napolis, Maryland, where he remained three years ; then, in 1855, entered the Collegiate Department of the University of Virginia, from which he went to the "State and National Law School," at Pough- keepsie, New York; after graduating located at Mary ville, Missouri ; ill-health compelled him to re turn to Louisiana; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and served throughout the war; aftei its close studied the civil law, and entered upon its practice at Monroe, Louisiana ; in 1879 was elected Lieutenant- Governor of the State; by the death of Governor Wiltz, in 1881, became Governor of Louisiana; in 1883 was elected Governor for the full term of four years. McFadden, Obadiah B. ; was born in Wash ington County, Pennsylvania, in 1817; was by pro fession a lawyer; was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1843; was Protionotary for the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County in 1845 ; in 1853 was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Oregon; in 1854 was ap pointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for Washington Territory; in 1858 was appointed Chief Justice of the same, and discharged the duties until 1861; represented his District in the Legislative Council; was elected to the Forty-third Congress as a Delegate from Washington Territory. Died at Olympia, Washington Territory, June 25, 1875. McFarlan, Duncan; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1807; subsequently a member of the State Senate for three years. McFarland, Noah C.; was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1822; attended col lege at Washington, Pennsylvania, but did not grad uate; removed to Bucyrus, Ohio, in 1846; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; in 1849 settled at Hamilton, Ohio, in the practice of law; in 1865 was elected a State Senator; in 1870 removed to Topeka, Kansas; was elected a State Senator; was twice ap pointed a Regent of the University of Kansas; in 1881 was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office, at Washington. McFarland, William; was born in Dan d ridge, Jefferson County, Tennessee, September 15, 1821; was educated in the old-time schools of the country; studied law. but owing to family circumstances was obliged to follow several business pursuits; when the Rebellion opened, he sided with the Union, and was imprisoned by the Confederates: after the war began to practice law; became Judge of the Circuit Court, and held various local positions; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 333 McGaughey, Edward "W.; was born in Indi ana; was a Representative m Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and for another term end ing in 1851. Died August 18, 1852. McGowan, James H.; was born in Mahoning County, Ohio, April 2, 1837; in 1854 removed, with his parents, to Indiana, graduated at the University of Michigan in 1861; taught school at Coldwater, Michigan, for one year; enlisted in the Union Army, and was promoted to a Captaincy; was disabled and resigned; returned to Coldwater; studied law, and was admitted to practice; was Prosecuting Attorney from 1868 to 1872; served one term in the State Sen ate; was, for seven years, a Regent of the University of Michigan, resigning to take his seat as a Repre sentative from Michigan in the Forty -fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. McGrath, A. G.; was a native of South Caro lina; was well educated; while residing in Charles ton, was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the District of South Carolina. McGrew, James C.; was born in Preston County, West Virginia, September 13, 1813; received a good education; worked on his father s farm when not at school until 1833; then turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, which he followed until 1861 ; was a Delegate in that year to the Richmond Con vention, and voted against the ordinance of secession; withdrew from the Convention, and afterwards, with eleven others, was expelled; in 1863, 1864, and 1865 was elected to the Legislature of West Virginia, hav ing assisted in organizing the new State; in 1866 withdrew his attention from public aifairs, and de voted himself to the banking business; was also a Director of the West Virginia Hospital for the In sane; in 1868 was elected a Representative from that State to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Freedmen s Affairs, and Roads and Canals; re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on several Committees. McGrew, J. M.; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio; received a good education in that city; commenced active life by teaching school; became Clerk of the District Court in Clermont County in 1854; studied law, and soon came to the bar, practicing the profes sion four years; was appointed to a clerkship in the Treasury Department by Secretary Chase; became Chief Clerk in the office of the Sixth Auditor; after a faithful service of twelve years as a Clerk, was ap pointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, entering upon his duties as such on the 1st of July, 1875, and serv ing until June, 1881. McGuire, "William ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Mississippi: in 1798 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for that Dis trict. McHatton, Robert; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1826 to 1829. McHenry, Henry D.; was born in Hartford. Kentucky, February 27, 1826; graduated at the Transylvania School in 1845; was a member of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852; of the State Sen ate in 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864; again a member of the House in 1865 and 1866; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. McHenry, James; was born about the year 1755; was liberally educated ; adopted the profession of medicine, but did not practice; served in the Rev olutionary struggle asi an Aide-de-camp to General Washington, and also to General Lafayette; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress, from 1783 to 1786; was a member of the Convention that formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; was Secretary of War from 1796 to 1801, having been appointed by Washington, and continued in office by President Adams; but, as he opposed the policy of the Executive, was dismissed from the Cabinet with Timothy Pickering. The Fort near Baltimore was named as a compliment to him. McHenry, John H.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. McHvaine, Abraham R.; was born at Crum Creek, Delaware, August 14, 1804; was bred a farmer, in which pursuit he was eminently success ful; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl vania from 1843 to 1849. Died in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1863. McHvaine, Joseph ; was born in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1768 ; received a good edu cation; was admitted to the bar in New Jersey in 1791 ; took an interest in military matters, and in 1798 attained the rank of Captain in McPherson s Regiment of Blues; in 1800 was elected Clerk of Bur lington County, and held the office twenty-four years; in 1801 was appointed, by President Jefferson, Attorney of the United States for New Jersey, which office beheld for twenty years; in 1804 was appointed Aid-de-camp of the Governor of New Jersey, with the title of Colonel; in 1818 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey, but declined the appointment; was a Senator in Congress from New Jersey from 1823 to 1826. Died in Burlington on the 19th of August of the latter year. He was a man of high character and great influence. Mclndoe, Walter D.; was born in Scotland, March 30, 1819; emigrated to New York City in his fifteenth year; was a clerk in a large mercantile house; followed the same pursuit in Charleston, South Carolina, and in St. Louis, Missouri; subse quently settled in Wisconsin, and engaged in the lumber business; served in the Wisconsin Legislature in 1850, 1854, and 1855: was a Presidential Elector in 1856 and 1860; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-seventh Congress (in place of Luther Hanchett, deceased) ; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions, and again on that on Indian Affairs; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866. Mcliityre, Rufus ; was born in York, County of York, Maine, December 19, 1784; received a com mon school education; by teaching for two or three I years acquired the means to fit himself for college at South Berwick Academy, and graduated at Dart mouth in 1809; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1812; in the meantime war was declared, and he was appointed Captain of Militia, and re mained in service on the frontier until peace was de clared, after which he returned to the practice of his profession at York; represented that town in the " Brunswick Convention"; after the separation from Massachusetts, was a Representative in the Legisla- i ture at its first session; was then appointed County ! Attorney, which office he held until elected to Con- 334 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. gress as a Representative from Maine, serving from 1827 to 18:55; in 1826 was a Commissioner for set tling the Boundary Line of his State; in 183(5 was a member of the Legislature; was appointed Land Agent for two years in 1839; was subsequently United States Marshal for Maine, and Surveyor ot the Port of Portland four years; was connected with two or three academies as Overseer, and was a mem ber of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Partonsfield, April 28, 18G6. Mclntyre, Archibald Thompson; was born in Twiggs County, Georgia, October 27. 1822; edu cated at the Thomasville Academy; studied law at Monticello, Florida, and Macon, Georgia; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1849; a member of the State Constitutional Convention of Georgia in 1865, and was elected to the Forty-second Congress from that State, serving on the Committee on Education and Labor. McJunkin, Ebenezer; was born in Butler County, Pennsylvania, March 28, 1819; graduated at Jefferson College in 1841; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1843; was a Delegate to the Na tional Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860; was a Presidential Elector in 1864; was elected to the Forty-spcond and Forty -third Congresses; re signed in 1874. McKay, James J.; was born in Bladen County, North Carolina, in 1793; was bred to the law; served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate; was at one time United States District Attorney; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1831 to 1849, and was for a time Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means; at the "Baltimore Convention," in 1818, which nominated Lewis Cass for President, he re ceived the vote of the North Carolina delegation as Candidate for Vice-President. Died in Golds- borough, North Carolina, September 14. 1853. McKean, James Bedell ; was born in Hoosic, Rensselaer County, New York, Augusts, 1821; dur ing his youth worked on his father s farm in Saratoga County, receiving his education chiefly from the dis trict school and academies; taught school for a time, and became a School Superintendent for the town where he lived; served one term as a Professor in Jonesville Academy; was a Colonel of Infantry; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1854 was elected County Judge for Saratoga County for four years; in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com- mitee on Expenditures in the State Department and on the Committee on Elections, as he had done in the previous Congress; in 1861 raised the Seventy- seventh Regiment of New York Volunteers, and commanded it in the Army of the Potomac; after leaving Congress was appointed Chief Justice of Utah; was superseded, in 1875, by I. C. Parker. McKean, Samuel ; was born in Huntington County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1829; a Sena tor of the United States from 1833 to 1839. Died June 23, 1840, in McKean County. He was a man of talent and influence. McKean, Thomas ; was born in Chester Coun ty, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1762 was elected to the Delaware Assembly, and continued in that station for eleven years; was a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1765; while holding the office of Chief Justice in Pennsylvania, was elected a Delegate from Delaware to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and from 1778 to 1783; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Delaware; served in the army as a Colonel; was a member of the Conven tion to form the Constitution of Delaware, and was the author of that instrument: was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1790; was Governor of Pennsyl vania from 1799 to 1808; he was the only man who served through all the sessions of the Continental Congress; was President of that body in 1781. Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1817, leaving a high repu tation for patriotism and ability. McKee, George C.; was born at Joliet, Illinois, October 2, 1837; was educated at Knox College and Lombard University; was admitted to the bar; was elected Attorney of Centralia, Illinois, and practiced law; was a private in the Eleventh Illinois Infantry; on the reorganization for three years service was elected Captain of his company; served throughout the war in various capacities, and was wounded at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. commanding a picked corps during the siege of the last-mentioned place; when in command of his own regiment and other detachments on the Yazoo Expedition, repulsed the assault at Yazoo City in 1864, after which he was ordered, as Brigadier-General, to enroll and equip four regiments of militia; at the close of the war settled at Vicksburg, where he resumed the practice of his profession; was appointed Register in Bank ruptcy in 1867; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Mississippi; was elected to the Fortieth Congress, but the State was refused admission ; was re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty- third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Ter ritories, and Levees, and as Chairman of the former in the last named Congress. McKee, John ; was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia; was, at one time, a Government Agent among the Choctaw Indians: was a Commissioner for Settling the Boundary Line of Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1829. McKee, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con- i gress from Kentucky from 1809 to 1817. McKee, Samuel ; was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, November 4, 1833; received a common school education; attending school in winter and working upon his father s farm the remaining of ! the year; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1857, and at the Cincinnati Law School in 1858; served in the Union Army as Captain of the Four- ! teenth Kentucky Cavalry from 1862 to 1864; was a prisoner in Libby Prison for thirteen months; in 1805 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, Expenses in the Interior Department, and *he Special Committee on the Civil Service; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866. McKenna, Joseph ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 10, 1843; went to California, with his parents, in January, 1855, locating at Beni- cia; attended school at Benicia, and studied law at the Collegiate Institute, (now St. Augustine s Col lege), Benicia: was admitted to the bar in 1865 and entered upon the practice of law at Suisuu, Califor- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 335 nia; was District Attorney of Solano County for two terms, commencing in March, 1866; was a Represent ative in the California Legislature in 1875 and 1876; was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for Con gress in 1876, and again in 1879; in 1884 was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-ninth Congress. McKennan, Thomas M. T.; was a lawyer by profession; Secretary of the Interior Department un der President Fillmore for a brief period ; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843. Died at Reading, July 9, 1832. McKennan, William ; was the son of Thomas M. T. McKennan; was born in Washington. Penn sylvania, September 27, 1816; graduated at Wash ington College in 1833; studied law with his father and came to the bar in 1837; joined his father in the practice of law and remained with him until his death; in 1869 was appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the Third Circuit; his only other public position was that of Commissioner from Penn sylvania to the Peace Conference of 1861. McKenney, Thomas Lorraine ; was born at Hopewell, Chestertown, Maryland, March 21, 1785; received a good education at Washington College in his native town ; was bred a merchant, which busi ness he followed in Georgetown, District of Columbia; in 1816 was appointed, by President Madison, Super intendent of Indian Affairs; in 1824 was appointed to preside over the Bureau of Indian Affairs, then for the first time organized in the War Department; in 1826 was a Special Commissioner with Lewis Cass to negotiate an important treaty with the Chippewa Indians at Fond du Lac, in the Territory of Michi gan; in 1827 published a " Tour to the Lakes," with illustrations, and also originated and published, in connection with James Hall, a " History of the In dian Tribes," a very excellent work in three folios, illustrated with one hundred and twenty colored In dian portraits; also published, in 1846, two volumes, entitled " Memoirs, Official and Personal, with Sketches of Travel among the Northern and South ern Indians"; was at one time a Colonel in the Militia. Died at New York, February 20, 1858. MoKenty, Jacob K.; wasborninDouglassville, Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1827; graduated at Yale College in 1848, and at Yale Law School in 1850; settled in Reading, and commenced the practice of law in 1851 ; in 1856 was elected District Attorney for Berks County; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. Swartz, deceased. Died in Douglassville, Berks County, January 3, 1866. McKenzie, James A.; was born in Christian County, Kentucky, August 1, 1840; was educated in the common schools and at Centre College, Kentucky; read law and was admitted to the bar; became a farmer; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1867 to 1871; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomination. McKenzie, Lewis ; was born in Alexandria, Vir ginia, in 1810; received a common school education; served three terms in the State Legislature; was Mayor of Alexandria during the first year of the War of the Rebellion; President of the Alexandria, London, and Hampshire Railroad, and of the First National Bank of Alexandria; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several Committees. McKeon, John ; was born at Albany, New York, in 1804; received a classical education, graduating from Columbia College; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and settled in New York City in the prac tice of law; was a Representative in the State Legis lature in 1832, 1833, and 1834; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Twenty -fourth Con gress; was an unsuccessful candidate for the Twenty- fifth Congress; was again elected a Representative to the Twenty -seventh Congress, and was a second time defeated for that office in 1842; in 1846 became Dis trict Attorney, and served two terms; resumed the practice of his profession, in which he became emi nent; in 1853 was appointed United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and was re-appointed in 1857; in 1881 was again elected District Attorney in New York City. Died at his home, in that city, November 22, 1883. McKibbin, Joseph O.; was born in Pennsylva nia; having taken up his residence in California, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-fifth Congress; and was a member of the Commit tees on Public Lands and on Private Land Claims. McKim, Alexander ; was born in 1748; was a member of Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1815. Died at Baltimore, January 18, 1832. McKim, Isaac; was a much respected and wealthy merchant of Baltimore; was a member of Congress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1838. Died in Washington, April 1, 1838. McKinley, John ; was born in Virginia; re moved to Kentucky, thence to Alabama; was a Sena tor in Congress from Alabama from 1826 to 1837; in 1837 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852. McKinley, "William ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1810 to 1811. McKinley, William, Jr.; was born at Xiles. Ohio, February 26, 1844; received an academic edu cation; served in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Captain and Brevet Major; was Prosecuting- Attorney of Stark County, Ohio, from 1869 to 1871; was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con gresses. McKinney, John P.; was born nearPiqua, Ohio April 12, 1827, spent his boyhood chiefly on a farm; received an academic education, and spent one year at the Ohio Wesleyan University; adopted the profes sion of the law; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Unfinished Business and on the Militia; was again elected, to the Forty-second Con gress, serving on several Committees. McKissock, Thomas; was born in Ulster Coun ty, New York, in 1798; received a classical educa tion; was bred first to the medical and afterwards to the legal profession; was, under the old organization, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. MoKnigvht, Robert; was born in "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1820; graduated at Princeton Col lege, in 1839; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; from 1847 to 1849, both inclusive, was a member of the City Council of Pittsburgh, and, the last two years, President of that body ; was elected a 336 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Representative from Pennsylvania to theThirty-sixtl Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affair and on Public Buildings. McLane, Jeremiah ; was born in 1767; was a sol dier of the Revolution ; settled in Ohio in 1790; was fo twenty-one years Secretary of State of Ohio ; was f Representative in Congress from that State from 183c to 1837. Died in Washington, D. C., March 19 1837. McLane , Louis ; was born in Smyrna, Kem County, Delaware. May 28, 1784; when twelve yean of age was appointed a midshipman in the navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1807; in 1812 was a volunteer in a company commanded by Caesar H. Rodney, and marched to the relief of Baltimore when threatened by the British; was a Representative in Congresi from Delaware from 1817 to 1827; a Senator in Con gress from 1827 to 1829; in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, Minister to England, where he remained two years; in 1831 received the appoint ment of Secretary of the Treasury; in 1833, that of Secretary of State, under President Jackson; in June, 1834. retired from political life; in 1837 was chosen President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com pany, and, removing to Maryland, discharged the duties of that office until 1847; during the adminis tration of President Polk accepted the mission to England while the Oregon negotiations were pending; after which he returned to Maryland, and. in 1850, represented Cecil County in the " State Constitutional Convention"; held a high rank as a statesman. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1857. McLane, Robert M.; was born at Wilmington, Delaware, June 23, 1815; was educated at Washington College, District of Columbia, and St. Mary s Col lege, Baltimore; went to Europe with his father, Louis McLane, in 1829, and on his return entered the West Point Academy, which he left in 1837; served as an army officer in Florida, the Cherokee country and in the Northwest; in 1843 was admitted to the bar of Baltimore; in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the Maryland Legislature; from 1847 to 1851 was a Representative in Congress from Maryland; in 1852 was a Presidential Elector; in 1853 was appointed by President Pierce, Minister to China; on his return resumed the practice of his profession in Baltimore: in March, 1859, was appointed, by President Buchan an, Minister to Mexico; resigned in November. I860- was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conven tions of 1850 and 1876; in the latter year was elected a State Senator; was again a Representative from Maryland in the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses; declined a re-nomination; in 1883 was elected Governor of Maryland; in March, 188r>. was appoint ed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to France. McLean, Alney ; was bom in Burke County North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1821. McLean, Finis E.; was born in Kentucky- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. McLean, Jamea H.; was born in Scotland Au gust 13, 1829; was reared in Nova Scotia, and re moved to the United States in 1842: graduated as a physician and surgeon and practiced his profession at St. Louis, Missouri; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-seventli Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas Allen. McLean, John ; was born in Morris County, New Jersey, in 1785; four years after his birth his father emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence he removed to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State of Ohio; here the son received a limited educa tion; and, having determined to pursue the legal profession, engaged at the age of eighteen to write in the Clerk s office at Cincinnati, in order to maintain himself, by devoting a portion of his time to that labor while engaged in his studies; in 1807 was ad mitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law at Lebanon, Ohio; in 1812 became a candidate to represent his district in Congress, and was elected by a large majority; professed the political principles of the Democratic party, being an ardent supporter of the war and of President Madison s administration; in 1814 was again elected to Congress by a unanimous vote a circumstance of rare occurrence and re mained a member of the House of Representatives until 1816, when, the Legislature of Ohio having elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, he resigned his seat in Congress at the close of the session; remained six years upon the Supreme Bench of Ohio; in 1822 was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office, by President Monroe; in 1823 became Postmaster-General; in 1829 was ap pointed, by President Jackson, a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, after he had declined the Secretaryships of War and Navy; entered upon the discharge of his judicial duties at the January term of 1830. Died at Cincinnati, April 4, 1861. McLean, John ; was born in North Carolina in 1791; removed, with his father, to Logan County, Kentucky, in 1795; received a limited education - studied law; in 1815 removed to Shawneetown, Illi nois, to practice; in 1818 was elected a Representa tive to Congress from Illinois and served one term; was several times a member of the State Legislature and frequently Speaker of the House; from 1824 to 1825 was United States Senator, to fill a vacancy; was again elected in 1829 for the term endino- in 1835. Died October 4, 1830, in Illinois. McLean, Samuel; was elected a Delegate from he Territory of Montana to the Thirty-eighth Con fess, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress. McLean, "William; was a native of Morris , ounty. New Jersey: was a Representative in Con- jrc-ss irorn Ohio from 1823 to 1829; when in Congress was mainly instrumental in procuring an appropria tion of half a million acres of laud for the extension )f the Ohio Canal from Cincinnati to Cleveland ; \fter his service in Congress was engaged in business n Cincinnati. Died there October 12, 1839. McLean, William P.; was born in Hinds Coun- ;y, Mississippi, August 9, 1836; removed to Texas in ); graduated at the University of North Carolina n 1857; studied law there; was elected to the Le<n S - ature of Texas in 1861; resigned to enter the Con- ederate Army, in which he served until the close ol ihe war; was again a member of the Legislature in 09; was elected to the Forty-third Congress serv- ng on the Committees on Agriculture and Public >uildmgs. McLellan, George W.; was born in Maine; was ppomted from Massachusetts to a clerkship in the general Post Office; in 1861 was appointed Second Assistant Postmaster-General, remaining in office BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 337 McMahon, John A.; was born in Frederick County, Maryland, February 19, 1833; was educated at St. Xavier s College, Cincinnati, Ohio; graduated in 1849; studied law with C. L. Vallandigham; was admitted to practice in 1854; entered into partner ship with Mr. Vallandigham the same year, and con tinued in his office until 1868; was a Delegate-at- Large from Ohio to the Baltimore Convention of 1872; held no official position until elected a Repre- senative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses. McMahon, Martin P.; was a citizen of New York; in 1868 was appointed Minister Resident to Paraguay, where he remained only about one year. McManus, "William ; was born in Rensselaer County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827. McMartin, J. L.; was a citizen of North Caro lina; in 1848 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the Papal States. Died at his post, August 26, 1848. McMichael, "William ; was born in Pennsylva nia; received a good education, and studied law; in 1871 was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, holding the position until 1873. McMillan, G-arrett; was a resident of Georgia; was elected a Representative from that State to the Forty-fourth Congress. Died before the assembling of that Congress. McMillan, Samuel J. B.; was born at Browns ville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1826; removed, in early infancy, to Pittsburgh; grad uated at Duquesne College, Pittsburgh, in 1846; was admitted to the Pittsburgh bar in 1849; removed to Minnesota Territory in 1852: elected Judge of the First Judicial District of the State of Minnesota in 1857, and entered upon the duties of that position on the admission of the State into the Union by Congress in 1858; in 1864 was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State to fill a vacancy; in 1864 was elected to the same position for a full term, at the expiration of which he was re-elected for an other term; resigned in 1874; was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected for a full term, but resigned to take a seat in the Senate of the United States for the term ending in 1881; was re-elected for a second term of six years. McMillin, Benton ; was born in Monroe County, Kentucky, September 11. 1845; received a collegiate education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Celina. Tennessee, in 1871; was elected a member of the State House of Representa tives in 1874; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was appointed a Special Judge of the Circuit Court in 1877; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. McMin, Joseph ; was Governor of Tennessee from 1815 to 1821. Died at the Cherokee Agency, November 17, 1824. McMullen, Fayette ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1855; in May, 1857, was appointed, by Presi dent Buchanan, Governor of the Territory of Wash ington; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. - 22 McNair, Alexander; was born in Pennsylvania; was appointed Lieutenant of Infantry in 1799; dis banded in 1800; was an early emigrant to Missouri Territory; Adjutant and Inspector-General in 1812; Colonel of Missouri Militia in the United States ser vice in 1813; held also an important office in the In dian Department; was Governor of Missouri from 1820 to 1824. Died May, 1826. McNair, John ; was born in Pennsylvania in 1800; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Died at Evansport, Prince William County, Virginia, in August, 1861. McNairy, John ; was born in 1762; studied, and practiced, law; was, about the year 1792, appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the District of Tennessee, which office he filled with credit to him self and advantage to the Government until his death, which occurred at Nashville, November 12, 1837. McNeely, Thompson W.; was born in Jack sonville, Illinois, October 5, 1835; graduated at Lom bard University, and afterwards at the Law Depart ment of the Louisville University; was a member of the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1862; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Education and Labor. McNiel, Archibald ; was born in Cumberland County, North Carolina; entered the House of Com mons in 1808; was re-elected in 1809; served in the State Senate in 1811 and 1815; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1825 to 1827. McNulta, John ; was born in New York City November 9, 1837; received an academic education; studied law; served in the army from 1861 to 1865, as Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a mem ber of the Legislature of the State from 1869 to 1873; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. McNulty, Caleb J.; was born in Ohio; in 1843 was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives, and remained in the position until 1845. McNutt, Alexander G-.; was born in Rock- bridge County, Virginia, in 1801; graduated at Washington College, Virginia; in 1824 removed to Jackson, Mississippi, and subsequently to Vicksburg, where he practiced law; in 1835 was elected to the State Senate from Warren County ; was Governor of the State from 1837 to 1841. Died in De Soto Coun ty, Mississippi, October 22, 1848. McPherson, Ed-ward ; was born at Gettys burg, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1830; graduated at Pennsylvania College in 1848; studied law for a time, but abandoned it for the profession of journalism, in which he engaged, at different periods, in Harris- burg, Lancaster, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress; from 1860 to 1864 was a member of the Republican National Committee; in 1861 raised a company of troops and served with it until called to take his seat in Congress; during the recess in 1860 and 1862 served as a volunteer Aid on the staffs of Generals George A. McCall and John F. Reynolds, respectively; was defeated as a candidate for the Thirty-eighth Congress in a new District: in April, 1863, was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Intern- 338 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. al Re venue; resigned in December of that year to assume the duties ol Clerk of the National House of Representatives, to which position he had been elected; served throughout the Thirty-eighth. Thirty- ninth, Fortieth. Forty -first, Forty - second, and Forty-third Congresses; was then retired by a change in the political domination of the House; in 1864 published u The Political History of the United States During the Great Rebellion"; in 1870 "The Political History of the United States During the Period of Reconstruction," and bi-ennially there after published political Hand-Books; also, at inter vals, issued numerous essays, orations and pamphlets ; in 1876 was the Permanent President of the Republi can National Convention; in 1877 was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, in the United States Twasury; resigned in 1878; in 1880 was Secretary of the Republican Congressional Committee; in December, 1881. was again elected Clerk of the National House of Representatives, and served throughout the Forty -seventh Congress, mak ing fourteen years service in that position, longer than any previous incumbent. McPherson, John R.; was born at York, New York, May 9, 1833; received an academic education; removed to Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1859; en gaged in farming and stock-raising: was a member of the Board of Aldermen from 1864 to 1870, serving as .President of the Board for three years; was President of the People s Gas-Light Company in 1868 and 1869; was a State Senator from 1871 to 1873; in 1873 was elected President of the Central Stock- Yard and Transit Company, and continued in that position; was a Presidential Elector in 1876: was elected a .Senator of the United States from New Jersey for the term of six years from March 4, 1877. and was re flected in 1883. : McQueen, John ; was born in Robinson County, North Carolina, in 1808; claimed descent, in a direct line, from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scotland, and his father, James McQueen, was a nephew of the celebrated Flora McDonald; received a good educa tion under the guidance of an elder brother. Rev. A. McQueen, who was a graduate of Chapel Hill Uni versity, North Carolina; commenced the study of law in his native State, and completed his course of study in South Carolina, to which State he removed at an early day; was admitted to the bar in 1828, and, having settled in Marlborough District, there com menced, and ever after, as his public calls permitted, continued the practice of his profession with success; during the Nullification times of 1833 was elected a Colonel of the State Militia; in 1834 a Brigadier- jeueral, and in 1835 a Major-General, which last position he held for ten years, and then resigned; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1849, and was a member down to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on leading Committees: was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; withdrew in December, 1860, and joined the Rebellion. Died at Society Hill, South Carolina, September 13, 1867. McQueen, Mclntpsh ; was an early emigrant to Florida; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Florida. McRae, John J.; was born in Wayne County, Mississippi; received a good education; adopted the profession of the law; was elected, frequently, to the State Legislature, and during two sessions officiated as Speaker; was also elected to the State Senate; was, in 1851, by appointment, for a short time in the United States Senate; was Governor of Mississippi from 1854 to 1858; was elected to the second session of the Thirty -fifth Congress from Mississippi, as suc cessor to General Quitman; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee or Military Affairs; joined the great Rebellion in 1861 Died at Belize, British Honduras, May 30, 1668. McRae, Thomas C.; was born at Mount Holly, Union County, Arkansas, December 21, 1851; was educated at private schools in Shady Grove, Mount Holly, and Falcon, Arkansas; received a full course of instruction at Soule Business College, New Or leans; studied law at the Washington and Lee Uni versity of Virginia; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law at Rosston, Nevada County, Arkansas, in January, 1873; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature of Arkansas in 1877; in that year moved from Rosston to Prescott, in the same county, where lie continued to practice his profession ; was a member of the Town Council of Prescott in 1879; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was Chairman of the Democratic State Convention in 1884; was a Delegate from Arkansas to the Demo cratic National Convention in the same year; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty- ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Hon. J. K. Jones to the United States Senate. McReady, James; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. McRoberts, Samuel; was a native of Illinois; was educated at Transylvania University; was a lawyer by profession; held the office of Judge of one of the higher Courts; was a member of the Illinois Senate, and held the position of District Attorney for the United States in Illinois ; was a Senator in Con gress from Illinois, from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred March 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged about forty years. McRuer, Donald C.; was born in Maine in 1826; educated at the public schools and academies; adopted the mercantile profession ; having emigrated to California, filled the office of Harbor Commissioner for that State; in 1864 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and the Post Office and Post Roads. McSherry, James; was a native of Adams County, Pennsylvania; served twenty years in the Legislature of that State: was a Delegate to reform the Constitution of the same; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Died at Littlestown, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1849. McVeagh, "Wayne ; was born at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, in 1833; attended school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania; then went to Yale College, where he graduated in 1853; studied law at West Chester, Pennsylvania; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law, in which he was successful ; in 1861 entered the Union Army as a Major of Cav alry; was compelled, by ill-health, to resign; took an active part in politics; in 1868 was Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Pennsyl vania; in 1877 was appointed United States Minister to Turkey; was the Attorney of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; in March, 1881, was appointed Attorney-General of the United States in the Cabinet of President Garfield; resigned in December of the same year, and resumed the practice of his profession. McVean, Charles; was born at Johnstown, New York, in 1802; was bred to the law, which he practiced with success in Montgomery County, until BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 339 he removed to New York; held the office of Surro gate; served as a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1835; at the time of his death was District Attorney for Southern New York. Died in New York City, December 20, 1848. McWillie, William ; was born in Kershaw Dis trict, South Carolina, November 17. 1795; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1817; adopted the profession of the law ; came to the bar in 1818: was an Adjutant of Militia: was a Representative and Senator in the Legislature of South Carolina; re moved to Mississippi in 1845; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851; was also President of a bank for several years"; was elected Governor of the State in 1858; during the Rebellion was active as a Confederate. Died in Kirkwood, March 3, 1869. Meacham. James ; was born in Rutland, Ver mont, in 1810; graduated at Middlebury College in 1832; was tutor there; studied theology: settled in New Haven, Vermont; was called from his parish to the Professorship of Elocution and English Litera ture in Middlebury College; in 1849 was elected a Representative in Congress, and twice re-elected. At the time of his death, August 22, 1856. was a mem ber of Congress and a Regent of the Smithsonian In stitution. Mead, Cowles ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Georgia, in 1805. but his election was successfully contested by Thomas Spalding; in 180(i was appointed, by President Jefferson, Secretary of Mississippi Territory. Meade, Edwin R.; was born in Norwich, Che- nango County, New York, July 6, 1836: received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1858, and settled in New York City; was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con gress. Meade, Richard K.; was born in Virginia; re ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1847 to 1853; was appointed, by Presi dent Pierce, in 1853, Charge d Affaires to Sardinia: in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Min ister to Braxil. which mission he held until 1861. Died in April, 1862. Means, John H. ; was a native of South Caro lina; was Governor of that State from 1850 to 1852; was Colonel in the Confederate Army; was killed at ;he second battle of Bull Run, August 28, 1862; in - line records he is mentioned by the name of Isaac. Mebane, Alexander ; was born in Hawfield. Orange County, North Carolina, November 2(3, 1747, and died July 5, 1795; was a member of the Conven tion that met in 1776 to form the State Constitution; served a number of years in the Legislature; was in ( ongress from North Carolina during the years 1793 ;md 1794: he was distinguished for his sense, integ- rity, and lirmness. Medary, Samuel; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1801; had a limited education, and became a printer; was for many years editor of the Ohio Statesman; established the Columbus Crisis, which he conducted until his death; was Governor of the Territory of Minnesota in 1857 and 1858; Governor of Kansas in 1859 and 1860: was a "Peace Democrat" during the Rebell ion. Died at Columbus, Ohio, November 7, 1864. Medill, "William ; was born in New Castle Coun ty, Delaware; received an academic education ; studied law, and, having removed to Ohio, was admitted to the bar of that State in 1832; was soon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a number of years, and was twice elected Speaker: was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843; was appointed, by President Polk, First As sistant Postmaster-General; subsequently held the office of Commissioner of Indian Affairs; in 1850 was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution, and was chosen Chairman; in 1851 and 1852 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio; in 1853 was elected Governor of Ohio: was appointed, by President Buchanan, First Comptroller of the United States Treasury. Died at Lancaster, Penn sylvania, September 2, 1865. Meech, Ezra; was born in New London, Con necticut, July 26. 1773; was associated in early life with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade; in 1806 be came agent of the Northwest Fur Company; in 1809 was agent for supplying the British Government with spars and timber: settled in Vermont; in 1822 and 1823 was elected Chief Justice of Chittenden County; was a member of the "Constitutional Conventions" of 1822 and 1826: in 1*05 and 1807 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1825 to 1827; in 1841 was a Presidential Elector; during the latter years of his life was devoted to ag ricultural pursuits, and owned one farm, kept in a high state of cultivation, which contained three thousand acres, and upon which he maintained a flock of three thousand sheep and a herd of eight hundred oxen. Died at Shelburne, Vermont, Sep tember 23, 1856. Meehan, John S ; was born in New York in 1793; received a good education; settled in Wash ington City at an early day; was Librarian of Con gress from 1829 to the time of his death, which oc curred in 1861. He had an extensive knowledge of books, and was popular in his official position. Meeker, Benjamin B.; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Minnesota; in 1850 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that District. Meigs, Henry; was born in New Haven, Con necticut, October 28, 1782; graduated at Yale College in 1798: was educated a lawyer; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from New York City from 1819 to 1821; for many years was an active officer, Recording Secretary, and Trustee of the American Institute in New York; it was said of him as some thing remarkable, that he never wore an overcoat, | never had a sore throat or headache, and, when seventy years of age, did not use glasses. Died in New York. May 20, 1861. Meigs, Josiah ; was the second man appointed to be Commissioner of the General Land Office in Washington, having been appointed in 1814, and re maining in office until 1822. Meigs, Return J.; was a native of Middletown, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1785; was a lawyer by profession ; removed to Ohio ; became a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was a Sena tor in Congress from 1808 to 1810; was Governor of the State from 1810 to 1814; was appointed Post master-General of the United States in 1814, and held the office nine years. Died at Marietta, March 29, 1825. 340 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Mellen, Prentiss ; was born in Sterling, Massa chusetts, October 11, 1764; graduated at Cambridge in 1784; studied law, and settled at Bridge water; in 1792 became a citizen of Biddeford, Maine, and in 1806 settled at Portland; in 1817 was chosen a Sena tor in Congress from Massachusetts; a Presidential Elector in 1817; on the separation of Maine, in 1820, resigned his seat in the Senate, and was elected the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine; occupied a high position as a lawyer and jurist; in 1834, after becoming disqualified by age to serve as judge, resumed the practice of law ; his decisions may be found in the first eleven volumes of the Maine Re ports; was also a Trustee of Bowdoin College from 1817 to 1836, and in 1828 received the degree of LL.D. from that institution. Died at Portland, De cember 31, 1840. Mellish, David B, ; was born in Oxford, Massa chusetts, January 2, 1831; received a good English education ; worked in a printing-office for a time, and then taught a school; served two years as a proof reader in the office of the New York Tribune; was for several years a stenographer for the civil authorities, and also wrote for the newspapers; in 1871 was ap pointed an Assistant Appraiser in the Custom House; in 1872 was elected a Representative to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Having been taken suddenly ill, died at the Government Hospital for the Insane, May 23, 1874. Menifee, Richard H. ; was a member of Con gress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1839. Died at Frankfort, February 21, 1841. Menzies, John "W.; was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, April 12, 1819; graduated at the Univers ity of Virginia in 1840; studied law and came to the bar in 1841, establishing himself in Covington, Ken tucky, where he practiced his profession; in 1848 and 1855 was elected to the General Assembly of Ken tucky; in 1861 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Unfinished Busi ness; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention" of 1864. Mercer, Charles Fenton ; was born in Fred- ericksburg, Virginia, June 6, 1778; graduated at Princeton in 1797; in 1798. while a student of law, tendered his services to General Washington for the defense of the country against a threatened invasion by the French, and received from him a commission as first Lieutenant of Cavalry; soon after that of Captain, which he declined, not intending to devote his life to the military profession; in 1803, after spending a year in Europe, returned and practiced law; from 1810 to 1817 was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia; in 1811 was again called to military duty by the General Government; in 1813 was appointed Aid to the Governor, and rose to the rank of Brigadier-General of Militia, having com mand of the forces at Norfolk; in 1816, as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, in the Legislature, devoted his time to the promotion of internal im provements; was chief supporter of the measure for the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and was appointed President of the Canal Company ; was a member of Congress from 1817 to 1840; in 1853 visited Europe from philanthropic motives, at his own expense, and used his efforts for the entire abolition of the African slave-trade, conferring with the chief executive officers of most of the kingdoms of Europe on the subject. Died at Howard, near Alexandria. Virginia, May 4. 1858. Mercer, James ; was born in Hampshire Coun ty, Virginia; graduated at William and Mary Col lege in 1767; was a member of the House of Bur gesses; a member of all the Virginia Conventions, and of the Committee of Safety; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780; a Judge of Admiralty, and of the First Court of Appeals of Virginia. Died in 1793, aged about fifty years. Mercer, John F.; was a soldier of the Revolu tion; was a member of the old Congress from Vir ginia from 1782 to 1785; was a member, from Mary land, of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign that instrument; a Representative in the new Congress from 1792 to 1794; Governor of Maryland from 1801 to 1803; also a member of the Legislature of that State. Died at Philadelphia, August 30, 1821. in the sixty -fourth year of his age. Mercur, Ulysses ; was born in Towanda, Bradford County. Pennsylvania, August 12, 1838; graduated at Jefferson College in 1842; studied law while in college, and came to the bar in 1843; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in March, 1861, was appointed President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and elected to the office in October following for a term of ten years, but re signed on being elected, in 1864, a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Colum bia and Southern Railroads; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on Claims, Judiciary, and Mileage. Meredith, Samuel ; was bom in Philadelphia in 1750; was among the first to espouse the cause of the Revolution, in which he served and suffered, and acquitted himself with credit at the battles of Tren ton and Princeton; was one of those who enjoyed the confidence and friendship of Washington; served for a time in the Colonial Legislature of Pennsylvania; was a Delegate from that State to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788; on the organization of the Federal Government was appointed, by President Washington, Treasurer of the United States, in which office he continued until 1801, when he re signed. Died at Belmont, his seat in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, in 1817. He and his brother-in-law, George Clymer, gave 10,000 in silver to carry on the Meredith, William M.; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1799; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1837; was Secretary of the Treasury from 1849 to 1850; Attorney-General of Pennsylvania from 1861 to 1867 ; President of the State Constitutional Conven tion of 1872. Died in Philadelphia, which had always been his residence, August 17, 1872. Meriwether, David ; was born in Virginia in 1755; was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary Army; served in New Jersey; was taken prisoner at the siege of Savannah ; in 1785, settled in Wilkes Coun ty, Georgia, which he represented in the Legislature for several terms; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1802 to 1807; was a warm supporter of Jefferson, who appointed him a Com missioner to treat with the Creek Indians. He also, with General Jackson and Governor McMin of Ten nessee, concluded a treaty with the Cherokees by which a large Territory west of the Appalachee River was ceded to the United States. Died near Athens, Georgia, in November, 1822. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 341 Meriwether, David ; was a Senator in Congress from Kentucky, by appointment, for one session, in 1852; was appointed, by President Pierce, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Meriwether, I. A.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Meriwether, Jamea; was born in Wilkes County. Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia, from 1825 to 1827. Merriam, Clinton L.; was born in Leyden, New York, March 25, 1824; received an academic education; engaged in banking and mercantile pur suits; removed to New York City in 1847, where he conducted an importing and jobbing business; in 1860 established a banking and stock-commission house, from which he retired in 1864; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv ing on the Committee on Banking and Currency. Merrick, William D.; was born in Maryland; filled several prominent positions in that State; served in the United States Senate from 1838 to 1845. Died in Washington. District of Columbia, February 5, 1857, at an advanced age. Was the author of the cheap postage scheme in Congress, and j man of influence; was the father of William M. Merrick. Merrick, William M.; was born in Charles County, Maryland. September 1, 1818; received a liberal education ; studied law and came to the bar in Baltimore in 1839; settled in Frederick in 1844; was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for that county in 1845, serving five years; removed to Wash ington City in 1854, and was appointed Associate Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the Dis trict of Columbia ; when this court was abolished, in 1863. he retired to Maryland to the practice of his profession; in 1866 and 1867 was Senior Professor of Law in Columbian College; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1870; was a Repre sentative to the Forty-second Congress, after which time he resided in Howard County, practicing his profession in Baltimore; on May 1, 1885, was ap pointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Merrill, Ayres P.; was a resident of Mississippi ; in 1876 was appointed United States Minister to Belgium. Merrill, George W.; was born in Turner, Maine, June 26, 1837; received an academic and collegiate education, graduating from Bowdoin Col lege, Maine, in 1859; during college vacations studied law; iu 1859 went to Evansville, Indiana, where he continued the study of law; was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; soon afterwards entered the Union Army, and was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company F, Sixtieth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers; was promoted to the Captaincy of his Company, and sub sequently to Major of his Regiment; was taken pris oner at Mumfordsville; after leaving the army re moved to Nevada, and engaged in the practice of his profession; was District Attorney for about twelve years; in 1880 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and at the session of 1881 was elected Speaker; in 1883 was appointed Land At torney of the State, with headquarters at Washing ton, District of Columbia; in 1885 was appointed Minister Resident of the United States to the Haw aiian Islands. Merrill, OrsamusC.; was born in Vermont in 1776; was a Representative in Congress from Ver mont from 1817 to 1820, when his seat was success fully contested by R. C. Mallory: also held the posi tions of County Attorney for two years, State Coun cilor for four years, State Senator for one year, Reg ister of Probate for two years, and Judge of Probate for six years; died at Bennington, April 11, 1865. Merrill, Samuel ; was born in Turner, Oxford County, Maine, August 7, 1822; received a common- school education ; in 1847 began the mercantile busi ness in New Hampshire; in 1854 and 1855 was elected to the State Legislature; went to Iowa in 1856; in 1860 was elected to the Legislature of that State; in 1862 entered the Volunteer Army and was commis sioned a Colonel ; was wounded seriously at the bat tle of Black River Bridge and thus compelled to close his military career: was subsequently elected Governor of Iowa, serving in that capacity from 1868 to 1872, taking a special interest in the internal im provements of the Northwestern States, and accom plishing much good for his adopted State. Merriman, Truman Adams ; was born in Au burn, New York, September 5, 1839; was educated in the public schools, at the Auburn Academy, and at Hobart College, Geneva, New York, graduating from the latter institution in 1861; entered the Union Army in September, 1861, as Captain in the Ninety- second New York Infantry ; was mustered out of ser vice in December, 1864, as Lieutenant-Colonel; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867; settled in New York City; entered the profession of journalism in 1871; in 1884 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Merrimon, Augustus S. ; was born in Bun combe County, North Carolina, September 15, 1830; received a common school education; studied law; came to the bar in 1851 ; was elected Attorney in sev eral counties; was a member of the Legislature of North Carolina in 1860; Solicitor of the Eighth Ju dicial District from 1861 to 1865; was elected a Judge of the Superior Court in 1866, but in 1867 re signed rather than obey a military order; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commenc ing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Com mittees on Claims, Post Office and Post Roads, and Revision of Rules. Merritt, Samuel A.; was born in Staunton, Virginia, August 15, 1828; was educated at the Staunton Academy, and graduated at Washington College in 1848; studied law, and removed to Califor nia; was County Clerk in 1850; a member of the State Assembly in 1851 and 1852; a member of the State Senate in 1857, 1858. 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1862; was elected to the Forty -second Congress. Mervin, Orange; was born in Litchfield, Con necticut; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1825 to 1829. Metcalf, Arunah ; was a native of New York ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1813; subsequently served four years in the Assembly of New York from Otsego County. Metcalf, Ralph ; was born in Charlestowu, New Hampshire, November 21, 1798; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1823: worked on a farm until the age of eighteen; began the practice of law at New port in 1826; was Secretary of State for several years from 1830; held a Clerkship in Washington from 1838 to 1840; was Register of Probate for Sullivan Count 1 , in 1845; was Chairman of the Committee for compil- 342 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. ing the laws of the State in 1852; a member of the House of Representatives of the State in 1852 and 1853; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1855 and 1856. Metcalfe, Henry B.; was born in Albany, New York. January 20, 1805; removed, with his father, to New York City in 1811; in 1816 removed to the County of Richmond ; was a law student in his father s office, and went to the bar in 1826; in that year suc ceeded his father, George Metcalfe, as District At torney for Richmond County, holding the office seven years; in 1840 was appointed County Judge; in 1842 became connected with the revenue service at Staten Island; was a member of the Convention which nom inated Zachary Taylor for President, but his vote was cast for Henry Clay; was County Judge from 1847 to 1874, when he was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. Metcalfe, Lyne S.; was born in Madisonville. Kentucky, April 21, 1822; received a common school education, and took a partial course at Shurtleff. and Illinois Colleges; removed to Illinois in 1838; in 1844 engaged in business at Alton, in that state; was, for several years, a member of the Board of Alderman, and, afterward Mayor of the city ; at the commence ment of the War of the Rebellion entered the Federal Service as Captain and Assistant Quartermaster and rose to the rank of Colonel ; removed to Saint Louis. Missouri, in 1863 ; served in the City Council there; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-fifth Congress. Metcalfe, Thomas ; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, March 20, 1780; when quite young his parents emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in Fayette, where his education was restricted to the advantages of a few months attendance at a country school; worked at the trade of a mason, but em ployed his leisure hours in study, and soon developed remarkable intellectual abilities; in 1809 first ap peared as a public speaker, in defense of his country against British oppression; served in the war of 1812: in 1813 commanded a Company of Infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, and greatly distinguished him self for his bravery ; was subsequently a member of the Kentucky Legislature for several years; was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1 829, when he was elected Governor of Kentucky, which office he held until 1833; in 1834 was elected to the State Senate, and in 1840 was chosen President of the Board of Internal Improvement; in 1848 was appointed and elected to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden in the Senate of the United States, after which he re tired to his farm between Maysville and Lexington ; he boasted of his labors as a stone-mason, and de lighted in being called the " Old Stone Hammer." Died in Nicholas County. Kentucky, August 18, 1855. Meyers, Benjamin F.; was born in Centreville, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1833; received an academic education at Somerset, and at Jeiferson College, Pennsylvania; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1855; was a member of the State Legislature in 1864; a Delegate to the Democratic National Con vention in 1864 ; became editor and proprietor of the Bedford Gazette in 1857, and one of the proprietors and editor-in-chief of the Harrisburg Daily Patriot in 1868; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Middleswarth, Ner ; was born in New Jersey; on removing to Pennsylvania was elected to the State Legislature and made Speaker; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Died June 2, 1865. Middleton, Arthur ; was born on Ashley River, South Carolina, in 1743; after a course of studies at Westminster, graduated at Cambridge, England; traveled two years in Europe; on his return home was placed on various local committees looking to liberty; in 1775 was one of the " Council of Safety "; was the author of the first draught of the State Con stitution; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778. and again from 1781 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of Independence; on the sur render of Charleston was taken prisoner, but was re leased in a few months by exchange; served frequent ly in the State Legislature; while attempting to re trieve his fortune, which had been seriously affected by the war, he died January 1, 1788. His father, Henry Middleton, and his grandfather, Arthur Mid dleton, were both identified with the earliest history of South Carolina, and he had a son, John Izard Mid dleton, who acquired reputation as an author. Middleton, George ; was born in Philadelphia, October 14, 1811; came of the old stock of the Society of Friends; received a common school education; while yet a boy removed with his father to New Jer sey, and settled in Burlington; was, for many years, engaged in the business of tanning; was twice elected to the Legislature of New Jersey ; was noted in his district as a local peace-maker among his neighbors ; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and on Expenditures in the Interior Department. Middleton, Henry; was born in South Caro lina, and was the son of Arthur Middleton; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was the second mem ber catled to officiate as President of that body; his grandson, bearing the same name, was subsequently a Representative in the Federal Congress. Middleton, Henry ; was a native of South Caro lina, born in 1771 ; was chosen a Representative in the State Legislature in 1801; then State Senator un til elected Governor, in 1810; from 1815 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress, and in 1820 was ap pointed, by President Monroe, Minister to Russia, which position he filled for many years. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, June 14, 1846. Grand son of Henry, the Delegate to the Continental Con gress, and the father of Edward Middleton, a Com modore in the United States Navy, and he also had a son Arthur, who was for many years Secretary of Le gation in Spain. Mifflin, Thomas ; was born at Philadelphia in 1744; was educated for mercantile pursuits, and after a tour in Europe, entered business with his brother; in 1772 was a Representative from Philadelphia in the Provincial Assembly; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from Pennsylvania from 1774 to 1776; distinguished himself as Major in the army at the battle of Lexington ; in 1776 was appointed Quar termaster-General, and subsequently Brigadier-Gen eral, and in 1777 attained the rank of Major-General ; was active in raising new regiments for the war pre vious to the battle of Trenton ; in 1782 was again sent as Delegate to the Continental Congress, serving until 1783, and was President of that body; in 1785 was Speaker of the State Legislature; in 1787 was a mem ber of the Convention which framed the Constitu tion of the United States, and signed that instrument; in 1788 was made President of the Supreme Executive Council; commanded the Pennsylvania troops during the Whisky Insurrection ; in 1790 was a member of the Convention for forming the State Constitution of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 343 Pennsylvania, and was chosen first Governor; served nine years, and was again sent to the Legislature. Died January 21, 1800. Miles, Frederick; was born at Goshen, Con necticut, December 19, 1815; received a common school and academic education; became a merchant; in 1858 removed to Ohapinville and engaged in the iron business ; in 1877 was elected a State Senator for a term of two years, resigned in 1879, having been elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Forty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- seventh Congress; declined a re-nomination. Miles, W. Porcher; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in July, 1828; prepared for College at the Wellington School, and graduated at the Charleston College ; studied law ; was for several years Assistant Professor of Mathematics in Charles ton College; was Mayor of Charleston in 1856 and 1857, and inaugurated the present police system of that city, and also the present system of tidal drains lor the same; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; was a frequent contributor to the Southern Quarterly Review, and de livered a number of literary and patriotic addresses; it ought to be mentioned that when the yellow fever was raging in Norfolk, in 1855, Mr. Miles visited that city as a humanitarian, and for that conduct was rewarded with the office of Mayor of Charleston ; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; was elected a member of the South Carolina Seceding Conven tion," in 1860, and resigned his seat in Congress; served as a Colonel in the Confederate Army and as a member of the Confederate Congress. Millard, Stephen C.; was born at Stamford Vermont, January 14, 1840: received a classical edu cation, graduating from Williams College in 1865; studied law; removed to Binghamton, New York, in 1867; was admitted to the bar in that year and en gaged in the practice of law ; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Milledg-e, John ; was born in Savannah, Geor gia, and was descended from one of the early settlers of the colony; frequently served in the Legislature; in 1780 was appointed Attorney-General of the State, and Governor in 1802; was a Representative in Con gress from 1792 to 1802, excepting one term, and a Senator of the United States from 1806 to 1809, serv ing for a session as President pro tern, of the Senate; was the principal founder of the University of Geor gia, and presented the land which forms its site. Died at his country-seat, at the Sand Hills. February 9, 1818. His memory was honored by an act of the Legislature, naming the capital of the State Mil led geville. Millen, John ; was born in Savannah. Georgia, in 1804; was^ducated a lawyer; served in the Legis lature of Georgia. Died near Savannah, October 15, 1843, about ten days after his election to a seat in the National House of Representatives in the Twenty- eighth Congress. Miller, Andrew G-.; was a native of Pennsylva nia; was an early emigrant to Wisconsin; was one of the earliest Territorial Judges; about the year 1849 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Wisconsin, residing at Milwaukee. Miller, Daniel F.; was born in Allegheny Coun ty, Maryland, October 14. 1814: studied law in Pitts burgh, and was admitted to the bar in 183H: emi grated to Iowa in 1839; during the following year was elected to the Legislature of that Territory ; in 1848 was the Whig candidate for Congress; his seat having been contested, a new election took place in 1850, when he was elected for the term ending in 1851; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector. Miller, Daniel H.; was a native of Philadelphia\ Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1831. Died many years! ago. / Miller, G-eorge F.; was bom in Chillisquaqne, , Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 5, 1809; received an academic education laboring to support himself during vacations; studied law and came to the bar in 1833; took an active part in local politics, but frequently declined nominations for county and State offices; was, for a number of years, ^ Secretary of the Lewisburg University in Pennsylva nia; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Penn sylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and Expenditures in the War Department; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions. Miller, Horace H.; was a citizen of Mississippi; from 1852 to 1854 was Charge d Affaires to Bolivia. Miller, Jacob "W.; was born in Morris County* New Jersey, in 1802; was bred a lawyer; was a Sen ator in Congress from New Jersey from 1841 until 1853. Died at Morristown, New Jersey, September 30, 1862. Miller, James ; was born in Peterborough. New Hampshire, April 25, 1776; studied law; entered the army in 1808 as a Major; in 1812 was brevetted a Colonel for gallantry at Fort George; in 1814 was ap pointed a Colonel, and fought at Chippewa and Lundy s Lane; it was he who said, when asked by General Scott if he could take a certain battery, " I ll try, sir"; was subsequently made a Major-General and received a gold medal from Congress; resigned his commission in the army in 1819, and was made Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, where he served until 1825; from that year until 1849 was Col lector of Customs at Salem, Massachusetts. Died in Temple, New Hampshire. July 7, 1851. Miller, James F.; was born in Tennessee, August 1, 183:2; received a classical education at a private school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856, and engaged in the practice of law; re moved to Texas and engaged in stock-raising in ad dition to the practice of his profession ; never was a candidate for, or held, any public office until elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Miller, Jesse ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1836 to 1837; was appointed, by President Jackson, First Auditor of the Treasury, and held the position until 1841; was Canal Com missioner of Pennsylvania in 1845 and 1846; was Secretary of State from 1846 to 1848, serving for a short time as Acting Governor of the State. Died at Harrisburg, August 20, 1850. Miller, John ; was born in Amenia, Dutchess County, New York, November 10, 1774; was educated at private schools; in 1793 commenced the study of medicine, and attended lectures at the University ol Pennsylvania; was chosen Vice-President of the Cortland County Medical Association in 1808; from 1805 to 1825 was Postmaster of Truxton; from 1812 344 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. to 1821 was a Justice of the Peace; was a member ot the State Legislature in 1817, 1820, and 1845; was a Representative from New York to the Nineteenth Congress- was a Delegate to the "State Constitu tional Convention" of 1846. Died in March, 1862. Miller John ; was distinguished for his courage as an officer in the last war with England; soon after the struggle was appointed Register of the Land Office in Missouri; was subsequently elected Governor of the State, serving from 1826 to 1832, was at one time editor of the Western Herald, at Steuben- ville Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1837 to 1843. Died near Flomssant, Missouri, March 18, 1846. Miller, John F. ; was born in Indiana in 1831: received an academic education; studied law. and graduated at the New York State Law School in 1852; commenced practice at South Bend, Indiana; soon afterward went to California, where he remained three years, and then returned to Indiana; was a State Senator in 1860; resigned to enter the Union Army in 1861 : served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General and Brevet Major- General; returned to California, and became Col lector of the Port of San Francisco, serving four years, and declining a re-appointment ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1872 and 1876; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1879; was elected a Senator of the United States from California for the term of six years, from March, 1881. Died at Washington, March 8, 1886. Miller, John G.; was born in Kentucky; in 1835 emigrated to Missouri; in 1840 was elected to the State Legislature; from 1853 to the time of his death was a Representative in Congress from Missouri. Died in Saline County, Missouri, May 11, 1856, aged forty-four years. Miller, John K.; was born in Ohio; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Miller, Joseph ; was born in Ohio; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Unfinished Business and Expenditures in the Navy Department; was subsequently appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Nebraska. Miller, Joseph Samuel ; was born at Barbours- ville. Cabell County, Virginia (now West Virginia) August 17, 1848; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870, and engaged in the practice of law; was Clerk of the Circuit and County Courts of Cabell County for sev eral years; was Clerk of the State Senate of West Virginia from 1872 to 1876; in the latter year was elected Auditor of West Virginia; was re-elected in 1880, serving until March 4, 1885; on March 20, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Com missioner of Internal Revenue, at Washington City. Miller, Killian ; was born in Claverack, Colum bia County, New York, July 30, 1785; received a good common school education, with instruction in the Latin and Greek languages; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1806; from that time continued to pursue his profession, removing from Livingston to Hudson City in 1833; in 1824 and 1827 was a member of the General Assembly; in 1837 was elected County Clerk, which office he held for three years; in 1854 was chosen a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Miller, Morris S.; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1813 to 1815; in 1819 was appointed a Commissioner to superintend a treaty with the Seneca Indians; was also Judge of a County Court. Died at Utica, November 15. 1824. aged forty -five years. Miller, Nathan ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from Rhode Island, in 1785 and 1786. Miller, N. M.| was appointed Second Assistant Postmaster-General in 1844; held the office about one year; in 1845 was made Third Assistant in the same Department. Miller, Pleasant M.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811. Miller, Rutger B.; was born in New York; was a Representative from that State in the Twenty-fourth Congress, in the place of S. Beardsley, resigned. Miller, Samuel F.; was born in Richmond. Kentucky, April 5, 1816; graduated at the Univers ity of Transylvania; after taking the degree of Doc tor of Medicine, practiced the profession a few years, and then turned his attention to the law; having been from 1848 in favor of emancipation, and though gen erally taking no part in politics, the course of public affairs caused him to remove from the State in 1850, when he settled in Iowa and became one of the lead ers of the Republican party in that State; desiring no local or State offices, and declining many nomina tions, he attended wholly to his profession; in 1862 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Miller Samuel F.; was born in Franklin, Dela ware County. New York. May 27. 1827; graduated at Hamilton College in 1852; studied law, and came to the bar in 1853, but instead of practicing the profes sion, turned his attention to farming and lumbering; in 1 854 was elected to the New York Legislature ; in 1850 and 1857 was Supervisor of Franklin; was, for fifteen years, identified as Colonel with the State Militia; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands ; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 18(>7; was subsequently a member of the State Board of Chari ties; also a Collector of Internal Revenue, and was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Miller-, Samuel H.; was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, April 19, 1840; graduated from West minster College in 1860; taught school one winter; published and edited the Mercer Dispatch from 1861 to 1870; was admitted to the bar at Mercer, Pennsyl vania, in 1870, and engaged in the practice of law; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Miller, Smith; was a native of North Carolina; when a youth removed with his father, to Indiana; his education was limited ; engaged in farming as an occupation; was a member of both branches of the Legislature of Indiana; was a Representative in Con gress from 1853 to 1855. Miller, Stephen; was Governor of Minnesota from 1863 to 1866. Miller, Stephen D., was born in the Waxsaw Settlement, South Carolina, in May, 1787; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808; adopted the profession of the law; cametothe bar in 1812; served in the South Carolina Senate in 1822; represented hia native State in the Lower House of Congress from BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 345 1814 to 1819; was Governor of South Carolina from 1828 to 1830; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term from 1831 to 1837, but resigned on account of his health at the end of two years. Died at Ray mond, Mississippi, March 8, 1838, having removed to that State in 1835, where he was an extensive planter. Miller, "Warner ; was born in Oswego County, New York, August 12, 1838; graduated at Union College in 1860; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; became engaged in the manufacture of paper, and in agricultural pursuits; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1872; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1874 and 1875; was elected" a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Cougressess; resigned in 1881, upon being elected a Senator of the United States from New York for the unexpired term of Thomas C. Platt, resigned. w r hich began on March 4, 1881. Miller, William ; was born in Warren County, North Carolina; from 1810 to 1814 served in the Legislature; was Governor of the State from 1814 to 1817; in 1825 was appointed Charge d" 1 Affaires to Guatemala; died before entering upon his duties. Miller, William H.; was born in Perry County, Penns3 r lvania, January 29, 1828; graduated at Mar shall College, Franklin, Pennsylvania; in 1854 was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of his native State, which office he held until 1863; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving 011 the Committee on Invalid Pensions. His father, Jesse Miller, was also a Rep resentative in Congress. Miller, William B.; was born near Bates ville, Independence County, Arkansas, November 27, 1823; passed his childhood and youth assisting his father in his farm duties; his education was limited to an oc casional school attendance, but he improved such ad vantages as were aiforded him; in 1843 was ap pointed, by the Governor of Arkansas, the Agent of the State in the selection of lands granted the State by the General Government, serving several months; from June to November, 1844, was Quartermaster- General on the staff of the Governor; in September, 1846. was appointed Deputy Clerk for Independence County, serving two years; in 1847 was also an Al derman of the town of Batesville; in 1848 was ap pointed a Notary Public; in the same year was elected Clerk of Independence County: was re-elected in 1850, 1852, and 1854; while serving as Clerk, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of the Su preme Court of Arkansas; in August, 1854, resigned as County Clerk to accept the appointment of State Auditor for an unexpired term; was defeated, as a candidate before the State Legislature for a full term; in 1855 was appointed, by the Governor, Accountant of the Real Estate Bank of Arkansas, then in liquid ation; continued in that position until November, 1856, when he was again chosen Auditor of the State; in 1857 removed to Little Rock, Arkansas; served as Auditor, by re-elections, until displaced, under the proclamation of President Lincoln, at the close of the Civil War. in 1865; at the ensuing election, in 1866, was again elected Auditor; in 1868, at an election held under the new Constitution, was again super seded ; returned to Batesville and resumed the prac tice of his profession; in 1874 was again elected Auditor of the State, serving until January, 1877; in 1876 was elected Governor of Arkansas; was re- elected in 1878, serving until 1881; in 1874 again took up his residence in Little Rock; was Deputy State Treasurer in 1881 and 1882; in 1886 was again elected State Auditor. Miller, William S.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and a man of high cultivation. Died in New York City, November 9, 1854. Millig-an, John ; was born in Cecil County, Maryland, December 10, 1795; after receiving an academic education, entered Princeton College, and remained three years: then studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in New Castle County, Delaware, in 1818: piirsued his profession for several years, but subsequently retired to a country-seat near Wil mington ; in 1830 was elected a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Delaware, and served from 1831 to 1839; in 1839 was appointed, by the Governor, Judge of the Superior Court of the State of Delaware. Milligan, Samuel ; was a citizen of Tennessee, from which State he was appointed an Associate Jus tice of the United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska, residing at Dakota City. Milliken, Seth L. ; was born at Montville, Maine, December 12, 1831; removed to Camden. Maine, in 1848 ; received a classical education ; graduating from Union College in 1856; was, the same year, elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was re-elected the following year; studied law and was admitted to the bar; was Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State, for the county of Wardo, from 1859 to 1871, inclusive; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1876, and was. the same year, a Presidential Elector; engaged in the practice of law at Belfast, Maine; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1880; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Millikin, Charles W. ; was born in Graves County, Kentucky, August 15, 1827; graduated in 1849; studied law; was Attorney of Simpson County five years; was appointed, in 1867, Attorney for the Fourth Judicial District of Kentucky, to fill a va cancy; elected the following August to serve out the unexpired term, and re-elected in 1868 for a full term of six years; resigned in 1872; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Mills, Elijah H.; was born in 1778; graduated at Williams College in 1797 ; studied law ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1819, and a Senator in Congress from 1820 to 1827. Died in Northampton, May 5, 1829. Mills, Roger Q.; was born in Todd County, Kentucky, March 30, 1832; received a common school education; emigrated to Texas in 1849; locating at Palestine; studied law; supported himself while pur suing his law studies by performing clerical duties in the Post Office and in the offices of the Court Clerks; in 1850 was appointed Engrossing Clerk of the State House of Representatives; at the age of twenty his disabilities as a minor were removed by the Legislature and he was admitted to the bar; en tered upon the practice of law at Corsicana, Texas, at which place he continued, thereafter, to reside; in 1859 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector. 346 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Millson, John S.; was born in Norfolk, Virginia October 1, 1808, and commenced the study of law before the age of sixteen ; held no public office unti elected a Representative from Virginia in the Thirty first Congress, which position he filled, by re-elec tions, until 1860, serving as a member of the Com mittees on Commerce and Ways and Means, and o the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lions States; in 1844 and 1848 was a Presidentia Elector. Died at Norfolk, Virginia, February 26 1874. Millward, John ; was born in Pennsylvania was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Millward, "William ; was born in Pennsylvania was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Milnes, William, Jr.; was born in Yorkshire, England, December 8, 1827; emigrated to America and settled in Pottsville. Pennsylvania; after com pleting an academic education, apprenticed himself to the blacksmithing business ; at the expiration of his apprenticeship entered into the business of min ing and shipping coal; in 1865 removed to Virginia and purchased tlie extensive property located in Page and Rockingham counties known as the Shenandoah Iron Works; was elected to the Forty-first Congress as a Representative from Virginia, serving on several Committees. Milnor, James ; was born in Philadelphia, June 20, 1773; received his education at a grammar school and at the University of Pennsylvania, and subse quently studied law; in 1794 commenced the prac tice of his prol ession before he was twenty-one years of age; from 1811 to 1813 was a Representative from Pennsylvania in Congress; in 1811 was elected a Delegate to the General Convention of the Episcopal Church; in 1814 was ordained a Clergyman by Bishop White, and in 1816 was called to the Rector ship of St. George s Church, in New York; was one of the founders of the New York Deaf and Dumb Institution, and after spending the evening in com pany with its Directors, in apparent good health, died suddenly, April 8, 1845. Milnor, William; was born in Philadelphia; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1821 to 1822. Milton, John ; was Governor of Florida from 1861 to 1864. Miner, Ahiman L.; was born in Vermont; was Clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives in 183 and 1837; a State Representative in 1838, 1839, and 1845; a State Senator in 1840; County Attorney for two years; Register of Probate for seven years- Judge of Probate from 1846 to 1849; a Representa tive in Congress from Vermont from lcS51 to 185T Died July 20, 1886. Miner, Charles; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, about the year 1778; when a youth of nine teen, removed, with his father, to Wilkesbarre Pennsylvania; subsequently settled in Westchester and for many years published the Village Record in that place; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1828, and declined a re election on account of deafness; was the author of an interesting work, entitled "History of Wyoming 1 and was one of the first men in this country to in troduce and write upon the silk-growing business. Died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1865, universally respected for his high character and ability. Miner, Phineas ; was an eminent lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut during the years 1834 and 1835, for an unexpired term. Died at Litchfieid, in that State, September 16, 1839, aged sixty years. Minor, William Thomas ; was born at Stam ford, Connecticut, October 3, 1815; graduated at Yale College in 1834; was eight years in the State Legisla ture; Consul-General to Havana from 1864 to 1867; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut; he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Wes ley University in 1865. Minot, Josiah ; was appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury in 1855; and Commissioner of Pensions in 1856, but only remained in office until the com mencement of 1857. Mitchell, Alexander ; was born in Aberdeen- shire, Scotland, October 17, 1817; received a good education in Scotland; emigrated to the United States, and settled in Wisconsin; was a banker; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the For ty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Banking and Currency; was the Dem ocratic candidate for Governor of Wisconsin in 1879 and was defeated. Mitchell, Anderson; was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, in 1800; graduated at the University of that State in 1821 ; studied law and settled in Wilkes County in 1840, when he was im mediately elected to the Legislature; was a member of Congress in 1842 and 1843; was subsequently de voted to his profession. Mitchell, Charles B. ; was elected a Senator in " ongress from Arkansas for a term of six years, com- nencing March 4, 1861, but was expelled by the Senate July 11. 1861. Mitchell, Charles F.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State rom 1837 to 1841. Mitchell, Charles L.; was born at New Haven, Jonnecticut, August 4, 1844; received an academic ed ucation ; then passed two years in a tour around the world, visiting points in Europe, Asia, and Africa; en gaged in active business as a member of the lirm of \litchell, Vance and Company, and as a Director in the Winchester Arms Company, the Meriden Britauia Company, the Tradesman s Bank, of New Haven, and other enterprises; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878; was defeated for State Senator in 1879; was elected a Representative from Jonnecticut to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- lected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Mitchell, David Bradie ; was born in Scot- ;ind, October 22, 1737; removed to Savannah, Geor gia, in 1783, to take possession of property left by an incle; studied law; was elected Solicitor-General of Jeorgia in 1795; was a member of the Legislature in 796; Governor of the State from 1809 to 1813, and rom 1815 to 181H; was, afterwards, Agent to the (Jreek Indians, with whom he concluded a treaty January 22, 1818. Died at Milledgeville. Georgia, \pril 22, 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 347 Mitchell, George E.; was born in Cecil County, Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1823 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1832. Died in Washington, June 28, 1832. Mitchell, Henry ; was born in Woodbury, Con necticut, in 1784; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of medicine; after practicing for a while in Connecticut removed to New York; after receiving from Yale College the title of M.D., practiced his profession in New York with eminent success; in 1827 was elected to the Legislature of his adopted State; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Died in Norwich, New York, January 12, 1858. Mitchell, James C.; was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1829. Mitchell, James S.; was born in York County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1827. Mitchell, John; was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Died at Beaver, Pennsylvania, in August, 1849. Mitchell, John H.; was bora in Washington County, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1835; studied and practiced law; removed to California, and settled in San Francisco; removed to Portland, Oregon, in 1860, and continued his profession; was elected Corpora tion Attorney in 1861; was elected to the State Sen ate in 1862, and served four years, the last two as President; in 1865 was commissioned Lieutenant- Colonel of Militia; was a candidate for United State* Senator in 1866. but defeated ; was chosen Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Willamette University at Salem, Oregon, in 1867, and served in that position nearly four years; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873, and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Privileges and Elections. Claims and Transportation; in 1885 was again elected a Senator from Oregon. Mitchell, John I.; was born in Tioga County. Pennsylvania, July 28 1838; received a common school education, and also studied for some time at the University of Lewisburg, Pennsylvania; taught school ; served in the Union Army as a commissioned officer during the War of the Rebellion; was admitted to the practice of law in 1864 ; was District Attorney of Tioga County from 1868 to 1871; was a Represent ative in the State Legislature from 1872 to 1876; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -fifth and Forty -sixth Congresses; was elected a Senator of the United States from Pennsylvania for the term of six years from March 4. 1881 . Mitchell, Nahum; was born in East Bridge- water. Massachusetts, February 12, 1769; graduated at Harvard University in 1789; taught school; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 179:2; from 18 1 1 to 1821 was Judge of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, and afterwards Chief Justice; from 1798 to 1812 was a Representative in the General Court; a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805; in 1813 and 1814 was State Senator; from 1814 to 1820 was one of the Governor s Council; from 1822 to 1827 was Treasurer of the State; in 1840 published a History of Bridgewater, Massachusetts; was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and published a volume of sacred music, entitled the "Bridgewater Collection. " He fell and died suddenly in one of the streets of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while attending the first celebration of the embarkation of the Pil grims at Delft Haven. Mitchell, Nathaniel ; was a Delegate from Del aware to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. Mitchell, Robert; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1835. Mitchell, Robert B.; was born in Richland County, Ohio, in 1828; graduated at Washington County, Pennsylvania; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar ; served as Lieutenant of Ohio Vol unteers in the Mexican War ; afterward resumed his profession; removed to Kansas in 1856; took an active part against the Pro-Slavery party; was in the Territorial Legislature in 1857 and 1858; State Treasurer from 1858 to 1861; Adjutant-General in 1860 and 1861 ; Colonel of the Second Kansas Volun teers, and severely wounded at Wilson s Creek, dur ing the Civil War; soon after raised a Regiment of Cavalry; was made Brigadier-General in 1862; placed in command of the Thirteenth Division of Buell s army, and fought at Perry ville, October 8, 1862; was appointed Governor of New Mexico, November, 1865. Died January 26, 1882. Mitchell, Samuel Latham; was born on Long Island in 1763; was well educated; after the close of the Revolutionary War went to Edinburgh, and there studied medicine and natural history ; on his return was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Columbia College; hisipractice as a physi cian was extensive; he edited, with Dr. Smith, four teen volumes of the "Medical Repository"; also published a "Life of Tammany," thr- Indian Chief, and other useful works, historical and scientific; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1801 to 1804. and again from 1810 to 1813, and a Senator from 1804 to 1809. Died in New York, September 8. 1831. A work which he published an onymously, entitled "A Picture of New York," sug gested to Washington Irving his "Knickerbocker s 1 1 istory of New York. Mitchell, Stephen M.; was born at Wethers- field, Connecticut, December 27, 1743; graduated at Yale College in 1763; was chosen a tutor in the Col lege in 1766, in which station he continued three years; entered upon the practice of law in 1772; in 1779 was appointed a Judge of the Hartford County Court, and in 1790 placed at the head of that Court ; was a Delegate to the old Congress in 1783 and 1785 j and in 1793 was appointed to the United States Sen ate, which position he held until 1795; in 1795 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Connecti cut; in 1807 Chief Justice of that Court, which olfice he held until 1814, when he became disqualified by age; was a Presidential Elector in 1805; it was to his services, while in Congress, that Connecticut was greatly indebted for the establishment of her title to the tract of land in Ohio called the Western Re serve. Died in the plaoe of his birth, September 30, 1835. Mitchell, Thomas R.; was born in Georgetown, South Carolina; graduated at Harvard University in 1802; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from 1825 to 1829, aud again from 1831 to 1833. Died in 1837. Mitchell, William; was born in New York; was a lawyer by profession ; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Died hi Macon, Georgia, in September, 1865. 348 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Mix, Charles E.; was born in Connecticut; after holding the office of Chief Clerk in the Indian Bureau for many years, was Commissioner from June to No vember, in 1858, and then resumed his clerkship; re sided in Georgetown. District of Columbia. Mofifatt, SethO.; was born at Battle Creek, Mich igan, August 10, 1841: attended the common school and High School in that place: in 1858 removed to Colon. St Joseph County, Michigan, and was an as sistant teacher in the Seminary there until 1860; in I860 entered the Literary Department of the Univers ity of Michigan where he studied one year; then en tered the Law School, of the University, from which he graduated in 1863, and at once went to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and was employed in a law office there; in 1864 removed to Lyons, Michigan, and en tered upon the practice of law; in 1866 removed to Northport, Michigan; in 1874 removed to Traverse City, Michigan, continuing in the practice of his pro fession; was Township Clerk of the Township of Lyons, and afterwards of the township of Leelaun, Michigan; was Prosecuting Attorney for Leelaun County, Michigan, for six years; was Deputy Collec tor of Customs at Northport, Michigan, for six years; was a State Senator in 1871 and 1872; was a member of the State Constitutional Commission in 1873; was Register of the United States Land Office at Traverse City, Michigan, from 1874 to 1878; was Prosecuting Attorney for Grand Traverse County, Michigan, in 1878; was a Representative in, and Speaker of, the Lower House of the Michigan Legislature in 1881 and 1882; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884; in the same year was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-ninth Congress. Moflfet, John ; was born in the County of An trim, North of Ireland, in 1832; came with his parents to this country when a child; was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia and in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania; estab lished himself as an apothecary in Philadelphia: in 1868 was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Freedmen s Affairs; his seat was contested, however, by Leonard Myers, and in April, 1869, the latter was declared duly elected. Moffit, Hosea ; was born in New York; served six years in the Legislature of that State; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. Molony, Richard S.; was born in Northfield New Hampshire; entered Dartmouth College in 1836 but left the institution before the close of the follow ing year and commenced the study of medicine; re moved to Illinois and settled at Belvidere, Boone County, in the practice of the medical profession; was a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- second Congress, succeeding his friend and college classmate, John Wentworth. Monell, Robert; was a native of Columbia County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1829 to 1831. Died in December, 1860. Money, H. D.; was born in Holmes County, Mis sissippi, August 2fi, 1830; prepared himself for the legal profession, but abandoned it to become a jour nalist; in 1875 was elected a Representative from Mis sissippi to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Monroe, James ; was born April 28. 1758, in Westmoreland County, Virginia; was educated at William and Mary College; in 1776 joined the army in the Revolutionary War, and continued with it un til 1778, displaying great bravery; then retired and engaged in the study of the law; in 1780 held the office of Military Commissioner for Virginia, and, in that capacity, visited the Southern Army; in 1782 was a member of the Virginia Assembly; and in 1783 a Delegate to Congress; in 1788 was a member of the Convention in Virginia to deliberate on the proposed Constitution for the United States; in 1790 was elect ed a Senator of the United States from Virginia; in 1794 received the appointment of Minister Plenipo tentiary to France, and was recalled in 1797; in 1799 was elected Governor of Virginia; in 1802 was sent on a special mission to France, which resulted in the purchase of Louisiana; in 1803 was appointed Min ister to England; in 1805 was associated with Charles Pinckney. to negotiate with Spain; during his resi dence in England he and Mr. William Pinckney ne gotiated a commercial treaty with Great Britain, but it was never submitted to the Senate by President Jefferson; returned to America in 1808; in 1811 was Governor of Virginia, and the same year received, from President Madison, the appointment of Secre tary of State, which office he held until his election as President, March 4, 1817; during a part of the time, in 1814 and 1815, he also performed the duties of Secretary of War: was again elected President in 1821. Died July 4, 1831. Monroe, James ; was born in Plainfield, Con necticut, July 18, 1821 ; received his early education at Plainfield Academy; graduated atOberlin College, Ohio, in 1846, and pursued a course of theological study there; was a Professor in Oberlin College from 1849 until 1862; a member of the State House of Rep resentatives in 1856, 1857. 1858, and 1859, and of the State Senate in 1860, 1861. and 1862; chosen Presi dent of the Senate in 1861 and again in 1862; was United States Consul at Rio Janeiro from 1863 to 1869, serving for several months of 1869 as Charge (V Affaires ad interim at that capitol; was elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committees on the Library, and Banking and Currency, and Chairman of that on Education and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Monroe, Thomas B.; was a citizen of Kentucky; about the year 1834 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Kentucky. Monroe, V.; was born in Kentucky; was ap pointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at Olympia. Montanya, J. D. L.; was born in New York; served two years in the Assembly of that State; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841. Montgomery, Daniel ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1809. Montgomery, John; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1807 to 1811. Montgomery, JohnG-.; was born in Northum berland, Pennsylvania, in 1805; graduated at Wash ington College in 1824; came to the bar in 1827- was elected to the State Legislature in 1855; was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsyl vania, but died before taking his seat, of the mys terious National Hotel disease, at Danville, Pemwyl vania. April ->4. 1857, aged fifty -two years BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 349 Montgomery, Joseph ; graduated at Princeton College in 1755; also took a degree at Yale College in 1760; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Con tinental Congress from 1780 to 1784. Montgomery, M. V. ; was born in the Township of Eaton Rapids, Eaton County, Michigan, October 20, 1840; attended the common schools from early childhood until seventeen years of age; then taught in a district school during the winters for four years, attending a High School at Eaton Rapids during the summers; in 1861 entered the Union Army, and served about ten months in the Second Michigan Cavalry ; in the fall of 1862 began the study of law in Eaton Rapids; in the spring of 1863 was elected Township Clerk, and was re-elected in 1864 ; in 1865 was admitted to the bar; in 1866 commenced the practice of law at Eaton Rapids; in the same year was the candidate of his party for Prosecuting Attorney of Eaton County, but was defeated; in 1870 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature and served two years; in 1874 was an unsuccessful candidate for Attorney- General of the State; in 1875 removed to Lansing, Michigan ; in 1876 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Commissioner of Patents in the Department of the Interior at Washington. Montgomery, Thomas ; was born in Nelson County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1815, and again from 1821 to 1823. Died April 2, 1828. Montgomery, William ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1793 to 1795. Montgomery, William ; was born in Guilford County, North Carolina; was educated for the medi cal profession ; was elected to the General Assembly in 1824, where he served, with but one intermission, until 1834, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until 1841. Died November 27, 1844, aged fifty-three years. Montgomery, William; was born in Canton Township, Pennsylvania, April 11, 1819; graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1839; stud ied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1856, serving in the Thirty-fifth Congress on the Committee on Public Lands; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Washington, Pennsylva nia, May 2, 1870. Montgomery, Zachariah ; was born in Nelson County, Kentucky, March 6, 1825; in 1828 removed, with his parents, to Daviess County, Kentucky ; oc casionally attended a "subscription day-school" until about nineteen years of age, at which time the sum total of his school attendance was about two years; he then entered St. Mary s Jesuit College, in Marion County, Kentucky, where he remained until, two years later, the entire faculty of the college were transferred to St. John s College, at Fordham, New York; he then went to St. Joseph s College, at Bards- town, Kentucky, where, in 1847, he graduated with the degree of A. B. ; remained in the college one year as a teacher and, at the same time, studied law ; in 1848 received the degree of A. M. ; continued the study of the law and, in 1849, was admitted to the bar; in 1850 went to California; after a short mining experience, entered upon the practice of law in Sut- ter County, California; in 1856 was appointed Dis trict Attorney of Sutter County; was re-elected; in 1860 was elected a Representative in the California Legislature; in May, 1885, was appointed, by Presi dent Cleveland, United States Attorney-General for the Department of the Interior. Mr. Montgomery held very strong and somewhat peculiar views on the question of free-schools, and endeavored to secure legislation in conformity with these views. As much prominence was given to this matter at the time 01 Mr. Montgomery s nomination to the Senate, and some misconception prevails as a consequence, the propositions which he desired enacted into law are given below : 1st, legal compulsion of parents to feed, clothe and educate their children; 2d, children of indigent parents should be fed, clothed and edu cated at public expense; 3d, children whose parents are able to care for them shall not be a tax upon the public for food, clothing, or school facilities; 4th, parents mentally and morally unfit to care for chil dren shall exercise care in selecting schools where their temporal and eternal welfare will be promoted; 5th, education by any particular teacher, book, or system of religious or non-religious instruction shall not be compulsory; 6th, the course of study in public schools shall be confined to the practical branches, except in special instances where the classics and higher branches may be taught as a reward of merit; 7th, the educating and training of the young shall be open to private competition ; provided, that the State shall establish and maintain such necessary educa tional institutions as private enterprise shall iail to establish ; and every person entitled to have his child or ward educated at public expense shall select his own school, and the teacher or principal of such school shall be paid for teaching such pupil a compensation, the maximum of which shall be fixed by law, which compensation shall be proportionate to the progress made by the pupil in the legally appointed secular branches; said progress to be ascertained by examiners provided by law; but no religious tuition shall be at public expense. Moody, Z. F.; was born at Granby, Massachu setts, May 27, 1832; received a good education; in 1848 removed to Chicopee, Massachusetts; in 1851 removed to Oregon; was, for two years, in the employ of the United States in connection with the Govern ment surveys in Oregon; in 1853 engaged in mercan tile business at Brownsville, Oregon; in 1856 was appointed Inspector of United States Surveys in Cali fornia; upon the completion of his duties as Inspector went to Illinois, where he remained four years; in 1862 returned to Oregon and engaged in mercantile business at The Dalles, in that State; in 1863 removed his business to Umatilla, Oregon; afterwards engaged in various pursuits; in 1872 was elected State Senator, but his seat was successfully contested by his com petitor; in 1880 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and served in that body as Speaker; in 1882 was elected Governor of Oregon for the term of four years. Moor, Wyman B. S.; was born in Waterville, Maine, November 3, 1814; graduated at Waterville College; studied law at Cambridge, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; was a member of the Maine Leg islature in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of that State from 1844 to 1848; by appointment, succeeded John Fairfield as a Senator in Congress, serving from Jan uary to June, 1848; subsequently devoted much at tention to the railroad interests of his State; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Consul-Gen- eral for the British American Provinces. Died in Lynchburg, Virginia, February 16, 1869. Moore, Alfred ; was bom in Brunswick County, North Carolina, May 21. 1755; was educated in Bos ton, where he acquired a knowledge of military tac tics; in 1775 joined the Continental Troops of Nortli 350 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Carolina as Captain; when the British seized Wil mington, raised a troop of volunteers which did good service; in 1790 was elected, by the Assembly, Attor ney-General of the State, although he had never read a law -book; soon became, by study and observation, eminent at the bar; was appointed Judge in 1798; was Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1799 to 1805. Died in Belfont, North Carolina, October 15, 1810. Moore, Andrew; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1789 to 1797, and again from 1803 to 1804, when he was appointed to the United States Senate, but was superseded by W. B. Giles; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died in May, 1821. Moore, Andrew B.; was originally a school teacher in Alabama; Governor of the State from 1857 to 1863. Died in Marion, April 5, 1873. Moore, Eliakim Hastings ; was born in Wor cester County, Massachusetts, June 19, 1812; removed to Ohio with bis father in 1817; received his educa tion at a frontier school; from 1836 to 1846 was County Surveyor; from 1846 to 1860, County Audi tor; was a Director, and then President for many years, of the Athens Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, and subsequently of the First National Bank of Athens; in 186:2 was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Territories, and the Militia. Moore, Ely ; was born in New Jersey, and edu cated as a printer; was a Representative in Congres 8 from New York from 1835 to 1839; was appointed Marshal of New York, by President Polk ; subse quently edited a newspaper in New Jersey; was ap pointed Indian Agent in Kansas Territory; at the time of his death was Register of a Land Office in Kansas. Died January 26, 1860. Moore, G-abriel ; was born in Stokes County North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1822 to 1829; Governor of the State from 1829 to 1831; a Senator in Congress from 1831 to 1837. Died at Caddo, Texas, in 1844. Moore, Heman Allen ; was born in Plainfield, Vermont, in 1810; studied law in Rochester, New York; removing to Columbus, Ohio, obtained dis tinction as a lawyer; was appointed Adjutant-Gen eral of the State Militia; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in Columbus, April 3, 1844. Moore, Henry D.; was born in Goshen, Orange County, New York, April 17, 1817; received his edu cation at one of the public schools of New York City; when sixteen years of age, acquired a knowledge of the tailoring business, which he followed until 1843: in that year removed to Philadelphia, and became interested in the marble business; was a Representa tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1853; for several years after leaving Congress was Treasurer of Pennsylvania. Moore, Jesse H.; was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, April 22, 1817; his father was a soldier in the Revolution; graduated at the College of Lebanon in 1842; soon became a teacher, and in 1844 was Principal of a Seminary in Vermillion County; in 1846 received a degree from Asbury University; in 1848 took charge of the Methodist Church in Shelby- ville; from 1854 to 1856 had charge of the Quincy College; in 1862 raised a regiment for the war, and performed much service in all the campaigns of the j Army of the Cumberland as Colonel, commanding a Brigade a part of the time, and was brevetted a Brigadier-General; after the war re-entered the pul pit, and was Presiding Elder at Decatur; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees 011 Claims and Patents; was re-elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. Moore, John ; was boru in Berkeley County. Virginia, in 1788; having removed to Louisiana, be came an active politician; from 1825 to 1834 was a member of the State Legislature; also served several years in the State Senate; was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1851 to 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1849; a Delegate to the seceding "State Conven tion " of 1861. Died in Louisiana, in June, 1867. Moore, Laban T.; was born in Cabell County, Virginia, January 13, 1829; received a limited edu cation; removed to Kentucky, and adopted the pro- | fession of the law; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures; served as a Colonel in the army during the Rebellion. Moore, Marshal F.; was born in New York; removed to Ohio; was appointed from that State Governor of the Territory of Washington, residing at Olympia. Moore, Nicholas B.; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1816. Died at Baltimore in 1816. Moore, Oscar F.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Moore, Robert ; was born in Washington Coun ty, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Moore, Samuel; was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1822; was a physician. Died February 18, 1861. Moore, S. McD.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1 833 to 1835; served in the Confederate Army during the Rebellion. Moore, Sydenham E.; was born in Rutherford County, Tennessee, but removed to Alabama, with his parents, soon after its admission as a State; was educated at the University of Alabama; was bred to the profession of the law; was Judge of the County Court of Greene County, Alabama, for six years, and for a short time also of the Circuit Court of that State; resigned his Judgeship, and went to Mexico as Captain of a Volunteer Company, and served one year, a portion of the time in General Taylor s line, on the Rio Grande, and also in General Scott s line, at Tampico, Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Jalapa; on his return home was elected Brigadier-General of Militia; in 1857 was chosen a member of the Thirty- fifth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; took part in the Rebellion as a Colonel. Moore, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 351 Moore, Thomas O.; was Governor of Louisiana from 1860 to 1864. Moore, Thomas P.; was born in Charlotte County, Virginia, in 1795 ; was an officer in the War of 1812; was a member of Congress from 1823 to 1829 from Kentucky; was Minister to the Republic of Co lombia in 1829; was Lieutenant-Colonel in the Regular Army during the war with Mexico; his last public position was that of a member of the Conven tion for revising the Constitution of Kentucky. Died in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853. Moore, Thomas S.; was born in Jefferson County, Virginia ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1820 to 1823. Moore, "William ; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1810; received a common school education ; worked on a farm ; was clerk in a country store for some years; was subse quently devoted to mercantile pursuits in Atlantic County, New Jersey; was, for nineteen years, agent of the Weymouth Iron Works; was for a time en gaged in ship-building and the coasting trade; was twice elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Atlantic County, serving, in all, ten years; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and Public Buildings and Grounds, and as Chairman of the Post Office De partment Committee. Moore, "William Robert ; was born at Hunts- ville, Alabama, March 28, 1830; received a very limited education; removed to Tennessee when a boy; engaged in commercial pursuits: was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty -seventh Congress; declined a re-nomination. Moore, "William S.; was born in Bethlehem, Washington County, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1822; graduated at Washington College in 1847; studied law; was chosen Prothonotary in 1854; was connected with the press; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revis ion of Laws. Moorhead, James Kennedy; was born on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, in 1806; re ceived a limited education; spent the most of his youth on a farm, and as an apprentice to a tanner; was one of the contractors for building the Susque- hanna branch of the Pennsylvania Canal; was the originator of a passenger packet-line on said canal ; in 1836 removed to Pittsburgh; there took an active part in improving the navigation of the Monongahela; was made President of a company bearing that name, and established in that city the Union Cotton Fac tory; in 1838 received the Militia title of Adjutant- General; subsequently taking a great interest in the business of telegraphing, became the President of several telegraph companies; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Commerce; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Special Committee on National Armories; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, and again at the head of the Committee on Manufactures; was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress; was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868. Died at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 6, 1884. Moran, Benjamin ; was a citizen of Pennsyl vania; after receiving a good education, was ap pointed a Clerk at the United States Legation in London. England; was soon made Secretary; fre quently officiated as Charge d Affaires, ad interim; in 1874, as a return for his long and efficient services, was appointed Minister Resident to Portugal. Morehead, Charles S.; was born in Nelson County, Kentucky in 1802; adopted the profession of law; after practicing it for a few years, was elected to the State Legislature, serving during 1828 and 1829; in 1832 was appointed Attorney-General of Kentucky, which office he held five years; in 1838, 1839, and 1840 was again returned to the Legislature, officiating during the latter year as Speaker; was re-elected and made Speaker in 1841; was again re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the third time chosen Speaker; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1851; in 1853 was once more returned to the Legislature; in 1855 was elected Governor of Kentucky; was for many years one of the most devoted friends and supporters of Henry Clay; in 1861 was a Delegate to the " Peace Convention " held in Washington. Died at Green- ville, Mississippi, December 23, 1868. Morehead, I. T.; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina from 1851 to 1853. Morehead, James T.; was born in Covington, Kentucky. May 24, 1797; studied law, and entered upon the practice in 1818; served three years in the State Legislature; in 1832 was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Kentucky, and after the death of Gov ernor Breathitt in 1834, became Governor; in 1837 was again elected to the Legislature: in 1838 was appointed President of the Board of Internal Im provements, which office he held until 1841, when he was elected to the United States Senate for the term of six years; subsequently resumed the practice of his profession. Died at Covington, Kentucky, De cember 28, 1854. Morey, Prank ; was born in Boston, Massachu setts, July 11, 1840; was educated in the public schools; removed to Illinois in 1857; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and read law; entered the army, and served principally on staff duty: settled in Louisiana in 1866, and engaged in cotton-planting and in the insurance business ; was a member of the Assembly in 1868 and 1869 ; was appointed a Com missioner to revise the statutes and codes of the State; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, Freedmen s Affairs, and Military Affairs, and Chairman of that on Mis sissippi Levees. Morey, Henry Lee ; was born in Butler Coun ty, Ohio, April 8, 1841; received a good education; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, at taining the rank of Captain; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1867, and commenced practice at Hamilton, Ohio ; in 1871 was elected City Solicitor to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected for the term of two years; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of But ler County in 1873; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Morgan, Charles H.; was born in Allegany County, New York, July 5, 1842; emigrated, with his parents, to Wisconsin when a child; was educated at Fond-du-lac, and studied law; served four years and two months in the war for the Union as a Volunteer; then began the practice of his profession; 362 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS removed to Missouri and became Prosecuting Attor ney for Benton County; was elected to the State Legislature; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re elected to the Forty -fifth Congress; was also elected to the Forty -eighth Congress. Morgan, Christopher; was born in Groton Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1828; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1839 to 1843; was Secretary of State of New York from 1848 to 1852; was Mayor of Auburn in 1860. Morgan, Daniel ; was a native of New Jersey removed in early life to Virginia; having neither the advantages of wealth nor of a good education, wa dependent upon manual labor for his support; in 1755 served as a private soldier under General Brad- dock; at the close of the campaign retired to a farm in Frederick County; at the commencement of the Revolution commanded a troop of Cavalry, under General Washington, at Boston; was detached on the expedition against Quebec, and when Arnold was wounded, took command of his division ; the re treat of the other division, after the fall of Montgom ery, left Morgan to contend with the whole force of the enemy, and he was taken prisoner; on being ex changed, was appointed to the command of a regi ment; was with General Bates at the capture of Bur- goyne; in 1778 commanded a corps on the Schuylkill to cut off supplies from the British in Philadelphia; served in the Southern campaign, under General Greene, and advanced to the rank of Brigadier-Gen eral, receiving from Congress a gold medal for the skill and bravery he displayed at the battle of Cow- pens in the defeat of Tarleton ; in 1794 commanded the Militia of Virginia, ordered out by President Washington for the purpose of suppressing the Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1795 to 1799; in 1799 published an address to his constituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. Died in Win chester, Virginia, in 1802; aged sixty-nine years, Morgan, Edwin B.; was born at Aurora, Cay- uga County, New York, May 2, 1806; was a mer chant by occupation, until his election to the Thirty- third Congress as a Representative; was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Morgan, Ed-win D.; was born in Washington Berkshire County, Massachusetts, February 8, 1811; at the age of seventeen entered a wholesale grocery house in Hartford, Connecticut, as a clerk, and in three years became a partner; soon after attaining his majority, was chosen a member of the City Coun cil of Hartford ; in 1836 settled in New York City and was extensively engaged in mercantile pursuits ; in 1849 was chosen an Alderman of the city; during the same year was elected to the State Senate, and served two terms; in 1855 was appointed Commis sioner of Emigration, and held the office until 1858- was Vice-President of the "National Republican Convention" held at Pittsburgh in 1856; was long Chairman of the National Republican Committee; in 1858 was elected Governor of New York, and re- elected in 1860; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Major-General of Volunteers, and, although he rendered much service, declined all compensation the number of troops sent to the war during his ad ministration was two hundred and twenty-three thousand; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress from New York for the term ending in 1869, serving 011 the Committees on Commerce, Manufactures, the Pacific Railroad, Military Affairs, Printing, Mines and Mining. Finance, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on the Library; as Chairman of the National Union Executive Committee, was present at the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and opened its proceedings; on the retirement of Secretary Fessen- den, President Lincoln tendered Mr. Morgan the Secretaryship of the Treasury, which he declined; in 1866 was appointed a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention," but did not take any part in its proceedings; in 1867 received from Williams College the degree of LL.D. Died in New York City, February 14, 1883. Morgan, George W.; was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1820; in 1836 left col lege, and, as a private, joined a company commanded by his brother, and went to assist Texas in gaining her independence, in which service he rose to the rank of Captain; in 1843 settled at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and adopted the profession of the law; served in the Mexican War as Colonel of the Second Ohio Infantry, and for his services at the battles of Con- treras and Churubusco was brevetted a Brigadier- General in the Regular Army; in 1855 was appointed Consul at Marseilles; in 1858 was appointed Minister Resident at Lisbon; on the breaking out of the Re bellion, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers, had command of the Seventh Division of the Army of the Ohio; was with General Sherman at Vicksburg; was assigned to the Thirteenth Army Corps, and was in command at the taking of Fort Henderson, in Arkansas; on account of his loss of health, resigned his command in 1863; in 1865 was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Ohio; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; in 186K his seat was contested by Columbus Delano, and his claims rejected; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Military Affairs, and Reconstruc tion. Morgan, James ; was born in New Jersey ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1813. Morgan, James Bright ; was born in Lincoln bounty, Tennessee, March 14, 1835; removed, with his parents, to De Soto County, Mississippi, in 1840, where he has since resided; received an academic education; studied law at Hernando, Mississippi ; was admitted to the bar in 1857, and entered upon ;he practice of law at Hernando; was elected Judge of Probates in 1860; in 1861 resigned and was mustered nto the Confederate States service as a private ; was elected Captain, and in the organization of the Twen- .y-ninth Mississippi Infantry was elected Major; was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel; at the lose of the war was again elected Judge; was a member of the State Senate of Mississippi in 1876, 877, and 1878; in October, 1878, was appointed, by he Governor, Chancellor of the Third Chancery Dis- rict, serving four years; was Grand Master of Ma- ons in Mississippi; in 1884 was elected a Represent- tive from Mississippi to the Forty-ninth Congress. Morgan, John J.; was born in Queens County, <few York; was a member of the New York Assem- Jly; a Representative in Congress from that State rom 1821 to 1825; again in the Assembly in 1836 nd 1840. Died July 29, 1849, aged eighty years. Morgan, John T.; was born at Athens, Tenues- ee, June 20, 1824; received an academic education; emoved to Alabama in 1833; studied law; was ad BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 353 mitted to the bar in 1845, ftnd commenced practice; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1301 was a Del egate to the State Convention called to consider the question of secession ; entered the Confederate Army in that year, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General; was again a Presi dential Elector in 1876; was elected to the United States Senate for six years from March, 1877, and re- elected for six years from March, 1883. Morgan, Philip Hicky; was born at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 9, 1825; received a good education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1847; was elected Judge of the Second District Court of that city, in 1855, and served, by re-election, until 1861; was ap pointed, by President Johnson, United States District Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana, re maining in office under President Grant; resigned and was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State in 1873, serving until 1877; was then appointed, by President Hayes, a member, on the part of the United States, of the International Tribunal of Egypt; the term for which he was ap pointed having expired, declined a re-appointment; in January, 1880, while in Rome, Italy, en route to the United States, received a dispatch from the Sec retary of State notifying him of his appointment as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Mexico, and proceeded at once to his post. Morgan, William; was born in Monongalia County, Virginia, September 7, 1801; was self-edu cated ; served as a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1835 to 1839, and was Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and declined are-election; in 1840 was appointed a Clerk in the House of Representatives, from which position he was transferred to the Legislature of Virginia, and declined a re-election; was a Democratic Elector in 1844; in 1845, having injured his health by public speaking, was appointed to a Clerkship in the Treas ury Department. Morphis, Joseph L.; was born in McNairy County, Tennessee, April 17, 1831 ; brought up as a planter; was a member of the State Legislature in 1859; entered the Confederate Army as Captain in 1861; removed to Mississippi in 1863; was elected to the State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in 1865; was a member of the State Legislature in 1866, 1867, and 1868; was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Morrell, Daniel J.; was born in North Berwick, Maine, August 8, 1821; received a common school education ; settled in Philadelphia in 1836, and fol lowed the mercantile business as clerk and principal until 1855, when he entered into the business of manufacturing iron at Johnstown, Pennsylvania; served for a time in the Councils of the town; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Manufactures, and on those on Freedmen s Affairs, and Pacific Railroad; in 1875. was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Exhibition. Morrell, George ; was born in Lenox, Massachu setts. March 22, 1786; graduated at Williams College in 1807; was admitted to the bar in 1811; settled at Cooperstown, New York; was appointed first Judge of Otsego County Court, in 1827; member of the As sembly in 1829; re-appointed Judge in 1832; United 23 States Judge of Michigan Territory from 1832 to 1836; Judge of the Superior Court of Michigan from 1836 to 1843; Chief Justice from July 18, 1843, to his death, which occurred at Detroit, March 8, 1845. Morril, David L.; was born in Epping, New Hampshire, June 10, 1772; attended Exeter Acad emy; studied medicine, and commenced the practice at Epsom in 1793; also studied theology, and was ordained a pastor, but resigned his charge in 1811, and resumed the practice of medicine; was a Repre sentative to the General Court in 1811, 1812, and 1816, and in 1816 was chosen to the United States Senate for six years; subsequently became a member of the State Senate, and its President; afterwards, for four successive terms, was elected Governor of New Hampshire; wrote and published many occa sional discourses and essays on various religious and secular topics. Died February 4, 1849. Morrill, Amos ; was born in Salisbury, Massa chusetts, August 25, 1809; graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834; studied law in his native village; removed to Tennessee in 1836; thence to Texas in 1839; in 1867 was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Texas, and chosen Chief Justice of the Court; in 1873 was commissioned Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Morrill, An son P.; was born in Belgrade, Maine, June 10, 1803; received the advantages of a common school education; was chiefly devoted to mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; was, for several years, a member of the Maine Legislature; was Governor of Maine in 1855; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Revolutionary Claims. Morrill, Edmund N.; was born at Westbrook, Maine, February 12, 1834; was educated at West- brook Seminary; in 1856 was elected a member of the School Board of Westbrook; in March, 1857, re moved to Brown County, Kansas; in October of that year was elected a Representative in the first " Free State " Legislature elected in that Territory; in 1858" was elected a Representative in the Legislature under the Lecompton Constitution; in 1872 was elected a State Senator, and was re-elected in 1876; was President, pro tempore, of the Senate; was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Morrill, Justin S.J was born in Strafford, Ver mont, April 14, 1810; received an academic educa tion; engaged in mercantile pursuits until the year 1848, when he turned his attention to agriculture; was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty- fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Special Committee on the Sale of Fort Snelling, and on the regular Commit tees on Agriculture and on Ways and Means; was also a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States in the Thirty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and as a member of those on the Death of President Lincoln and on Reconstruction; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention " of 1866; in October, 1866, was elected a Senator in Congress from Vermont, for the term com mencing in 1867, and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Finance, Post Offices, and Claims; was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 354 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1879, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; was re-elected for the term ending in 1885; was again re-elected in 1885. Morrill, Lot M.; was born in Belgrade, Kennebec County, Maine, in 1815; entered Waterville College in 1834; soon afterwards commenced the study of law; in 1839 was admitted to the bar; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1854; of the Senate in 1856, and made its President; was elected Governor of Maine in 1858, and re-elected in 1859 and 1860; in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress for the unex- pired term of Hannibal Hamlin, elected Vice-Presi- dent of the United States; served on the Committees on Commerce, District of Columbia, and Claims; was n member of the " Peace Congress" of 1861; was re- elected to the United States Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in the Senate and of that on the District of Columbia, of that also on Appropria tions, and on that on Indian Affairs ; was also elected United States Senator to succeed William P. Fessen- den, for the term ending in 1877, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Appropriations; resigned in 1876 to accept the office of Secretary of the Treasury, in the Cabinet of President Grant, serving until March, 1877; was then appointed Collector of the Port of Portland, Maine, in which office he remained until his death. Died January 10, 1883. Morrill, Samuel P.; was born at Chesterville, Franklin County, Maine, February 11, 1816; re ceived an academic education; adopted the calling of a clergyman; in 1857 was elected, for five years, Register of Deeds for Franklin County; re-elected to the same office in 1867; in 1868 was elected a Repre sentative from Maine to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Morris, Calvary ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1844. Morris, Charles ; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1784. Morris, Daniel ; was born in Seneca County, New York, January 4, 1812; when quite young set tled in Yates County, and was bred a farmer; having educated himself, taught school for a while; then adopted the profession of the law, which he practiced with success; was at one time District Attorney for Yates County; served one term in the State Legisla ture, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee. Morris, Edward Joy; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1817; graduated at Harvard University; was a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 1842, and 1843; was elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress, as Representative from the First Congressional District- was appointed United States Charge d Affaires to Naples in 1850, where he remained four years; on his return to Philadelphia was chosen a member of the Board of Directors of Girard College; in 1856 was again elected to the State Legislature; in the fall of that year was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress and was a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lin- coin, Minister Resident to Turkey. As an author his publications were : "A Tour Through Turkey, j Greece and Egypt, Arabia Petraa, etc. ; The Turkish Empire, Social and Political"; "Afraja, or Life and Love in Norway, " (a translation); and also a translation from the German of Gregozovius; " Cor sica, Social and Political," etc. Morris, G-OUverneur; was born in Morrisania, New York, in 1752; graduated at King s College, in the city of New York, in 1768; was bred to the law, came to the bar in 1771, and attained great celebrity in the profession; in 1775 was a Delegate to the Pro vincial Congress from New York, and signed the Ar ticles of Confederation; was employed in the public service in various capacties during the Revolutionary contest, and in all of them displayed great zeal and ability; after the war of the Revolution retired from public life, although an active member of the Con vention which formed the present Constitution of the United States, which instrument he signed; was a Commissioner to England in 1789; was the second President of the New York Historical Society ; in 1792 was appointed Minister to France, and remained in that capacity till October, 1794; returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a Senator of the United States from New York, serving three years; after re tiring from Congress, spent several years in Philadel phia. Died November 6, 1816, aged sixty-four. His publications were numerous. Selections from his pa pers, with a sketch of his life, was published by Jared Sparks. Morris, Isaac N.; was the fourth son of Thomas Morris, and brother of Jonathan D. Morris; was born in Ohio, January 22, 1812; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1835; in 1836 emigrated to Illinois, and settled in Quincy; in 1840 was ap pointed Secretary of State for Illinois, but declined the position; in 1841 was chosen President of the Illi nois and Michigan Canal Company; in 1846 was elected to the State Legislature from Adams County ; in 1856 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Roads and Canals; in 1869 was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad. Morris, James R.; was born in Greene County, j Pennsylvania, January 10, 1820; (his father, Joseph i Morris, was a member of Congress in 1843 and 1845;) having become a resident of Ohio, was, in 1848, elected to the Legislature of that State; in 1860 was elected a I Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Cou- gress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee for the District of Columbia. Morris, Jonathan D.; was the eldest son of Thomas Morris; was born in Ohio; was a lawyer by profession; senved for twenty years as Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Superior Court of Clermont County, Ohio; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1849 to 1851; was devoted to the practice of his profession for many years. Died at Connersville, Indiana, May 16, 1875. Morris, Joseph ; was born in Greene County Pennsylvania, October 16, 1795; v:as left an orphan at the age of ten years, and, having been apprenticed to the trade of a wheelwright, continued to follow the business until he was twenty-five years old ; in 1824 was elected Sheriff of his native county; in 1829 re moved to Ohio, and devoted himself to merchandize BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 355 ing; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1833 and 1834; was Treasurer of Monroe County for one year; while in that office, was elected to Congress in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, serving two entire terms. Died at Woodsfield, Ohio, October 23, 1854. Morris, Lewis ; was born in Morrisania, New York, in 1726; graduated at Yale College in 1746; turned his attention to agriculture; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777; was one of the signers of the Declara tion of Independence; served in the Legislature of New York ; also in the field, and rose to the rank of Major-General of Militia. Died in New York, Janu- uary 22, 1798. He was a man of great worth and usefulness, and left three sons who served with credit in the army, and received the thanks of Congress; also had a son in the Navy. Morris, Lewis R.; was a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1797 to 1803. Died in 1825, aged sixty-eight years. Morris, Mathias ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1839, and was much respected for his talents. Died at Doylestown. Pennsylvania, November 9, 1839, aged fifty-four years. Morris, Robert ; was a native of England, but came to the United States when a boy of thirteen, and settled in Philadelphia as a clerk, where he spent the most of his life as an influential merchant and financier; was a member of the Congress of 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence, and also the Articles of Confederation; in 1781 obtained the con trol of the American finances, and rendered import ant services to his adopted country; was a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitu tion, and signed that instrument; was chosen a United States Senator, serving from 1789 to 1795, having been one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; notwithstanding his valuable services to his country, he passed the latter years of his life in imprisonment for debt; until the period of his impoverishment, his house has been the scene of most liberal hospitality. Died May 8, 1806, aged seventy-one years. Morris, Robert; was born in 1735; was Chief Justice of New Jersey during the Revolution, and a United States Judge of the District Court from 1789 to the time of his death, which occurred at New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 2, 1815. Morris, Samuel W.; was born in 1788; was, for many years, Judge of the District Court of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, and was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Died in Wellsborough, Pennsylvania. May 25, 1847. Morris, Thomas ; was for three years a member of the New York Assembly from Ontario County; was a Representative in Congress from 1801 to 1803. Morris, Thomas ; was born in Virginia, Janu ary 3, 1776, and was the son of a Baptist clergyman; when nineteen years of age he emigrated to the val ley of the Ohio, and settled near the present site of Cincinnati, but two years afterwards removed to the county of Clermont, in 1802, while engaged in the avocation of a day laborer, and without an instruct or, he commenced the study of law, adopted the pro fession, and became eminent; in 1806 was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and represented Clermont County, either in the Senate or House, for a period of twenty-four years, doing much to develop the re sources of his adopted State; was Chief Judge of Ohio; was elected a Senator in Congress for the long term from 1833 to 1839. Died December 7, 1844. His life and collected speeches and writings have been published in one volume, under the supervision of his son, Rev. B. F. Morris; while in Congress, he ably defended the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, and the right of petition; Isaac N. and Jonathan D. Morris were his sons. Morris, Thomas J.; was born at Baltimore, Maryland, September 24, 1837; received a collegiate education, graduating from Harvard University in 1856; studied law, and was admitted to the Maryland bar in 1859; engaged in practice at Baltimore, and continued therein until appointed United States Dis trict Judge for the District of Maryland, in June, 1879. Morrison, George W.; was born in Vermont; was a Representative in Congress from New Hamp shire from 1850 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855. Morrison, James L. D.; was born in Illinois; studied law and practiced for many years; served as an officer in the Mexican War; was elected to the Sen ate of Illinois in 1854; was a Representative in Con gress from that State during the third session of tho Thirty-fourth Congress, to fill a vacancy occurring in the Eighth District ; subsequently traveled in Europe. Morrison, John A.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Morrison, "William R.; was born in Monroo County, Illinois, September 14, 1825; received a lib eral education, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1852 was chosen Clerk of Monroe County, which office he resigned to go into the State Legislature, where he served three years; was Speaker of tho House in 1859; served as a private in the Mexican War, fighting under Colonel Bissell at Buena Vista; after the Rebellion broke out, organized the Forty- ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and was severely wounded at Fort Donelson; while in command of hi.s regiment in the field was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and the "New York Convention" of 1868; also re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourtli Congresses, serving on various committees; in De cember, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Com mittee on Ways and Means; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Morrissey, John; was born in the town of Templemore, Tipperary County, Ireland, February 12, 1831 ; emigrated to the United States when five years of age, and, for many years, resided at Troy and Lausingburg, in New York; worked for a time in a paper-mill, and afterwards learned the trade of a brush manufacturer; was subsequently engaged as deck hand on a Hudson River steamer, and then be came a runner for a steamboat company in New York City; in 1852 made his first appearance in California as a professional gladiator or pugilist; returning to New York, participated in several encounters, which gave him a wide reputation in the sporting world, and, after winning the "Championship," in 1858, relinquished the profession; subsequently entered politics; was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on 356 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868; in 1875 e was elected to the Senate of New York. Died ( May 1, 1878. Morrow, Jeremiah ; was born in Pennsylvania, in 1770; removed to the Northwest Territory, now the State of Ohio, in 1795; was chosen a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1800; was the first Rep resentative in Congress from Ohio, serving from 1803 to 1813; was a Senator in Congress from 1813 to 1819; in 1814 was appointed a Commissioner to treat with the Indians; in 1821 was a Presidential Elector; was Governor of Ohio from 1822 to 1826, subsequently a Canal Commissioner; was elected to Congress in 1840 for the unexpired term of Thomas Corwin; served also as a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; for several years before his death was President of the Little Miami Railroad Company. Died in Ohio, March 22, 1852. Morrow, William W.; was born near Milton, Wayne County, Indiana, July 15, 1843; removed, with his parents, to Illinois in 1845, and settled in Adams County; went to California in 1859; received a common school education, supplemented by private tuition in special branches; in the spring of 1862 joined a party which discovered gold placers on the headwaters of the John Day River in Oregon; en gaged in mining for a time; returned East in Janu ary, 1863, intending to pursue a course of studies in some Eastern college, but the active operations of the Government in the War of the Rebellion drew him to Washington, where he was appointed to a position in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury ; served in the National Rifles, a military organization raised in the District of Columbia; was appointed Special Agent of the Treasury Department in Janu ary, 1865; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1869, and engaged in the practice of law; was As sistant United States Attorney for California from 1870 to 1874; Chairman of the Republican State Cen tral Committee of California from 18>9 to 1882; At torney for the State Board of Harbor Commissioners from 1880 to 1883; Chairman of the California Dele gation to the Republican National Convention in 1884; in that year was elected a Representative from Cali fornia to the Forty-ninth Congress. Morse, Freeman H.; was born in Bath, Maine, February 18, 1807; was in the State Legislature from 1840 to 1844, and also in 1853 and 1856; was Mayor of Bath three years; was elected to Congress in 1843, serving one term; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Maine, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Cost of Public Printing, and that on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; was a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861; was appointed, by President Lincoln, Consul at London. Morse, Isaac Edwards ; was born in New Or leans, Louisiana, in 1809; was educated at Partridge s Military Academies at Norwich, in Vermont, and at Miihlletown, in Connecticut; graduated at Harvard University in 18:29; studied law in New Orleans, and in Pennsylvania; was a Representative from Louis iana in the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses; was subsequently At torney-General of Louisiana. Died In New Orleans, February 11, 1866. Morse, Leopold; was born at Wachenheim T Bavaria, August 15, 1831 ; received a common school education; emigrated to the United States early in life; became a merchant in Boston, Massachusetts; was twice a Delegate to Democratic National Con ventions; was twice defeated as a Candidate for Con gress; was elected a Representative from Massachu setts to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty -seventh,, and Forty -eighth Congresses. Morse, O. A.; was born in Cherry Valley, Otse- go County, New York, March 26, 1815; graduated at Hamilton College, New York; studied law; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Morsell, James S.; was born in Calvert County, Maryland, January 10, 1775; received a good educa tion; studied law, and came to the bar in George town, District of Columbia, where he continued to reside; served as a volunteer soldier in the war of 1812; in 1816 was appointed, by President Madison, a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Columbia, and continued in that capacity until 1863, when that court was abolished to make way lor the new order of affairs; he numbered among his inti mate friends such men as Francis Key, Roger Taney r and Walter Jones; was also personally acquainted with George Washington. Died, after a long life of honor and usefulness, at the residence of his daughter in Prince George County, Maryland, January 11, 1870, having, on the preceding day, completed his ninety-fifth year. Morton, Jackson ; was born in Virginia; re moving to Florida, was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1855; subsequently entered extensively into the business of manufacturing lum ber in Florida; served in the Rebellion as a menibei of the Confederate Congress. Morton, Jeremiah; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Morton, John ; was born in Ridley, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in 1724; passed his boyhood on his father s farm; received a common English education; in 1764 was appointed a Justice of the Peace; was soon elected to the Assembly of the State; was a member of the New York Congress in 1765; in 1767 became a County Sheriff, holding the office three years; was a Judge of the Supreme Court ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777. Died in April of the latter year. His dying words were uttered in behalf of his distracted country. Morton, Levi Parsons ; was born at Stoneham r Vermont, May 16, 1824; received an academic educa tion; became a merchant in Hanover, New Hamp shire, in 1845; removed to Boston, Massachusetts, iii 1850, and to New York in 1854; in 1863 engaged in the business of banking, in New York, and in Lon don, England; was appointed an Honorary Commis sioner to the Paris Exposition of 1878; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress; resigned in March, 1881, to accept the appointment of Minister Plenipotentiary to France. Morton, Marcus ; was born in Freetown, Massa chusetts, December 19, 1784; graduated at Brown University in 18i)4; studied law, and devoted himself to politics; in 1811 was chosen Clerk of the Massa- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 357 chusctts Senate; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1821; in 1823 was a member of the Executive Council of that State; in 1824 was elected Lieutenant-Go vernor; was sub sequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massa chusetts from 1825 to 1840; was Governor of the State from 1840 to 1841, and again from 1813 to 1844, chosen each time by one vote; was Collector of Boston from 1845 to 1849; was a member of the "Constitutional Convention " of 1853; a member of the State Legislature in 1858. Died at Taunton, February 6, 1864. Morton, Oliver P.; was born in Wayne County, Indiana, August 4, 1823; was educated at the Miami University; studied law and came to the bar in 1847; in 1852 was elected Circuit Judge of the Fifth \ Judicial Circuit of Indiana; in 1856 was nominated by the Republicans for the office of Governor of In diana, but was defeated; in 1860 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana; and in 1861, on the transfer of Governor H. S. Lane to the United States Senate, assumed the office of Governor and held it i our years; in 1864 was elected Governor for a second term; in 1865, on account of his having been stricken with paralysis, visited Europe in the hope of improving his health; returned in 1866 and, in spite of continued ill-health, resumed his executive duties; in June, 1866, while seated in his chair, de livered a political speech which created much en thusiasm in the State, and of which more than a million copies were published in pamphlet form; on the subsequent meeting of the Legislature, in January, 1867, was elected, by a remarkable vote, a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, Agriculture, Military Aft airs, and Private Land Claims; in 1870 was tendered the Mission to England, but declined; was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Privileges and Elections. Died at Indianapolis, Indiana, November 1, 1877. Moseley, Jonathan Ogden ; was born at East Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut; was a graduate of Yale College in 1780; was a Representa tive in Congress from his native State from 1805 to 1821; subsequently removed to Michigan, and died at Saginaw, in that State, September 9, 1839, aged seventy-seven years. Moseley, William A.; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1816; was a member of the New York Assem bly in 1835; of the State Senate from 1838 to 1841, .and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847. Moseley, "William D.; was Governor of Florida from 1845 to 1849. Moses, F. J., Jr.; was Governor of South Caro lina from 1873 to 1875. Mosgrove, James ; was born at Kittanning, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1821; received a common school education; engaged in the iron business, and became President of the Kittanning Iron Company; also President of the First National Bank of Kittan ning; was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Forty-seventh Congress. Motley, John Lothrop ; was born in Dorches ter, Massachusetts, April 15, 1814; graduated at Har vard University in 1831; spent a year at each of the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin; afterward trav eled in Italy, and then returned to America, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836; in 1839 published " Morton s Hope.," a novel; in 1840 | he was Secretary of Legation to Russia, but soon re turned; in 1849 wrote "Merry Mount," and also contributed articles to the New York Review on Do Tocqueville s Democracy, and Goethe s writings; and to the North American Review on Peter the Great; went to Europe in 1851 to gather materials for a his tory of the " Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic," which was published at London in 1856; the work was translated into the Dutch, German, and French languages, with an introduction by Guizot in the lat ter; in 1861 published the "United Netherlands"; was a member of the Institute of France, and other, learned societies of Europe and America; in 18(31 published in the London Times an essay on " The Causes of the American Civil War"; in 1868 deliv ered an address on Historic Progress and American Democracy; in November, 1866, was appointed Min ister Plenipotentiary to Austria; was recalled in 1867; was Minister to England from April, 1869, to No vember, 1870. Mott, Gordon N.; was born in Zancsville, Ohio, October 21, 1812; studied law, and came to the bar in 1836; during the troubles between Mexico and Texas in that year, served nine months as a volunteer in the Texan service; soon after returned to Ohio, and set tled in the practice of his profession in Miami Coun ty; served as a Captain in the war with Mexico, hav ing raised the company he commanded, after which he again returned to his native State; in 1849 emi grated to California; in 1850 was elected Judge of Sutter County: in 1851 was appointed a District Judge; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada Territory; in 1862 was elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Mott, James ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1805; had previously been Treasurer of the State, and was a Presidential Elector in 1809. Mott, Richard ; was born in Mamaroneck, West- chester County, New York, July 21, 1804; was edu cated at the Quaker Seminary of " Nine Partners," in Dutchess County, New York; bred a merchant; re moved to Toledo, Ohio; was elected to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress. Motte, Isaac ; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782. Moulton, Mace; was born in New Hampshire; was Sheriifof Hillsborough County in 1845; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847; a State Counselor in 1848 and 1849. Moulton, Samuel W.| was born in Wenham, Massachusetts, January 20, 1822; received a common school education; after spending some years in the Southern States, settled in Illinois in 1845; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Illi nois Legislature from 1852 to 1859; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was the author of the present com mon school system of the State; was chosen President of the Board of Education of Illinois in 1859, and held the position in 1864, when he was elected a Rep resentative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and Ex penditures in the Navy Department, and also on those on the Bureau of Education and Free Schools in the District of Columbia; was elected to the Forty-sev enth Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-eighth, Congress. 358 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Moultrie, William ; was born in South Carolina in 1731; received a good education; in 1761 was Cap tain in the Cherokee Expedition; member of the Pro vincial Congress in 1775; was promoted to Colonel in 1775; by planting a battery at Haddrill s Point com pelled two British vessels to move off; was a member of the Council of Safety; in 1776 was ordered to Sul livan s Island, and his defense of Fort Moultrie won for him great renown; in 1776 was made Brigadier- > General; in 1779 defeated a superior British force /near Beaufort; the same year opposed the advance upon Charleston, and held the city until the approach of General Lincoln; also distinguished himself in 1780 at Charleston, and was imprisoned until ex changed for General Burgoyne; was Major-General in 1782; was Governor of South Carolina from 1785 to 1786, and from 1794 to 1796; while a prisoner, he ivrote his "Memoirs." Died in Charleston, South Carolina, September 27, 1805. Mouton, Alexander ; was a Senator in Con gress from Louisiana from 1837 to 1841 ; Governor of the State from 1841 to 1845; took part in the Re bellion, and was killed on the Red River, April 9, 1864. Mower, Horace; was born in Vermont; removed to Michigan, from which State he was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at Santa Fe. Mo wry, Daniel, Jr.; was a resident of Smith- field, Rhode Island, which he represented in the Colonial General Assembly at the time they passed the act which renounced allegiance to the king; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Rhode Island ; was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress from that State in 1781; although the intention was to keep only two Delegates in Congress, four were elected, with instructions to serve alternately, each couple for six months; Varnum and Mo wry were to have the first six months, and Collins and Ellery the second. Mudd, Ignatius ; was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of Columbia in 1850, holding the position until 1851. Muhlenberg, Francis Samuel ; was born in Philadelphia, April 22, 1795; received a liberal edu cation; studied law; was Private Secretary to Gov ernor Heister of Pennsylvania; removed to Ohio; be came a member of the Legislature of that State; was a Representative from Ohio in the Twentieth Con gress. Died in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1832. Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus; was born at the Trappe, Pennsylvania, June 2, 1750; was or dained to the ministry of the Lutheran Church in Germany ; on his return to the United States offici ated in country churches in Pennsylvania, and in a church in New York City, which he left when the British entered; in 1779 and 1780 was elected to the Continental Congress by the Legislature of Pennsyl vania; for three years succeeding was a member and Speaker of the State Legislature; was a member and President of the Council of Censors, and took an efficient part in calling the Convention of 1790, which revised the State Constitution ; was President of the State Convention called to consider the ratification of the Federal Constitution, to which he gave an earnest support; was a member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Congresses; was Speaker of the House in the First and Third Congresses; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the 1 otoruac; as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole, he gave his casting vote in favor of the law required to carry Jay s Treaty into effect; was Regis ter of the Land Office of Pennsylvania, under Govern ors Miffliu and McKean, while holding which office he died at Lancaster, June 4, 1801. Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus ; son of Rev. Dr. Henry Ernestus and nephew of J. P. G. and F. A. Muhlenberg; was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1782; was carefully educated by his very learned father; was ordained to the Lutheran Min istry in 1802; was called to Trinity Church, Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1802, and remained a most accepta ble pastor of that congregation until 1828, when ill- health and other causes compelled him to abandon the ministry; was President of the Lutheran Minis- teriurn of Pennsylvania, as his father and grandfather had been before him; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to Congress in 1828, and served from March 4, 1829, until February, 1838, when he resigned his seat and accepted the Mission to Aus tria, about that time created; President Van Bnren tendered him the post of Secretary of the Navy, when forming his Cabinet, and the Mission to Russia, both of which he declined; in 1835 was the candidate of sv portion of the Democratic party for Governor; in 1838 was appointed Minister to Austria; in 1840 was re called, at his own request; in 1844 was nominated for the Governorship by the Democratic party, but during the canvass died suddenly at Reading, on the 12th of August of that year; he was greatly beloved by the people, and richly deserved their esteem as an upright man and able statesman. Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus, Jr.; was born at Reading, Pennsylvania, in July, 1823; received an excellent education, availing himself to the fullest extent of every advantage offered him; graduated at Dickinson College; studied law for four years, and was admitted to the bar in July, 1844; was elected to the State Senate in 1848, of which body he at once became a leading member; wrote a Life of General Muhlenberg; was elected a member of the Thirty- third Congress, in which body he appeared but for one day; attacked with typhoid fever, he was never able to resume his seat, and died at Washington, January 9, 1854, to the great regret of a constituency which anticipated for him a long and distinguished career in the public service. Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel ; was born at the Trappe, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1746; was sent to Halle, in Germany, with his two younger brothers, Frederick A. and Henry E. , in 1762, to be edu cated; the three brothers were devoted to the Chris tian ministry. Peter was ordained Deacon in the Church of England, on April 21, 1772, by the Bishop of London; a few days after, Priest, in company with William White, afterwards Bishop; returning to America, was settled over a charge in Dnnmore, New Shenandoah County, Virginia; in 1774 was elected to the House of Burgesses of that Colony; at the break ing out of the Revolution his ardent sympathies with it carried him into the army; in his farewell sermon he told his people, "There was a time for all things a time to preach and a time to fight, and that now was the time to fight"; raised the Eighth Virginia Regiment, and was made its Colonel; his first cam paign was in South Carolina and Georgia; on Febru ary 21, 1777, was made Brigadier-General, in which capacity he served with distinguished gallantry at Brandywine, Germantown, Morimouth, Stony Point, in Virginia, and at Yorktown, where he commanded the First Brigade of Light Infantry, in making the final assault with which he was wounded; in the J *ot promotion was made Major-General;, after the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 359 war was elected Vice-President of Pennsylvania; was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a member of the First, Third, and Sixth Congresses, from Pennsyl vania; was United States Senator in 1801, which office he resigned in 1802; was appointed Supervisor of Revenue for Pennsylvania in that year; was ap pointed Collector of the Port of Philadelphia, while holding which office he died, October 1, 1807. Muldrow, Henry L.; was born in Mississippi; graduated at the University of Mississippi; was ad- ""juitted to the bar in 1859, and engaged in the practice Df law; served in the Confederate Army from 1831 4o \865, rising to the rank of Colonel; was District At torney for the Sixth Judicial District of the State, from 1869 to 1871; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1875; was elected a Repre sentative from Mississippi to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Muller, Nicholas ; was born in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Germany, November 15, 18i>6; received a common school education, and attended Luxembourg Atheneum; emigrated to the United States, and engaged in Railroad business; was a pro moter of, and Director in, the Germania Bank of New York City; was a member of the State Assembly in 1875 and 1876; of the Democratic State Central Com mittee in 1875; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Con gresses; was also elected to the Forty -eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Mullin, Joseph ; was a native of Ireland; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1849. Mullins, James ; was born in Bedford County, Tennessee. September 15, 1807; received a limited education while working on his father s farm; on be coming of age turned his attention to the milling business, and subsequently became a millwright, which business he followed until 1829; in 1831 was made a Colonel of Militia; from 1840 to 1846 was a County Sheriff; in 1862, on account of his devotion to the Union, was compelled to flee from his home for safety, and resided within the Federal lines at Nash ville; became a Staff Officer, and participated in the battle of Murfreesborough; also took part in the ussault on Hoover s Gap; was a Delegate to the Nashville Convention" of 1865; was elected to the State Legislature in the same year, and made Speaker; in 1887 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and Revolutionary Pen sions. Mumford, George ; was born in Rowan County, North Carolina; represented it in the General Assem bly in 1810 and 1811; was a Representative in Con gress from 1817 to 1819. Died in Washington, De cember 31, 1818, before the expiration of his term. / Mumford, Gurdon S.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1805 to 1811. Mungen, William; was born in Baltimore. Maryland, May 12, 1821 ; removed, with his parents, to Ohio in 1830; received the rudiments of his educa tion from his mother, but afterwards obtained a knowledge of the Latin and German languages; spent his youth engaged in agricultural pursuits; adopted the profession of the law; was, for some years, the publisher and editor of the Democratic Courier, pub- lished in Findlay, O .iio; in 1846 and 1848 was chosen a County Auditor; in 1851 was elected to the State Senate and declined a re-elev:tion ; was a Delegate to the Democratic " Cincinnati Convention " of 1856, to the "Charleston and Baltimore Conventions " of 1860, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion" of 1866; served during the Rebellion under General Sherman, as Colonel of the Fifty -seventh Ohio Volunteers, which he recruited, from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned on account of ill-health; on recovering his health was appointed the State Agent to visit all the Ohio troops in the Department of Ten nessee with poll-books and tally-sheets; in 1864 was appointed to perform the same duty for the Ohio troops in the Army of the Potomac; in 18(i6 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Niagara Ship Canal, the Union Prisoners, and Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress. Munroe, James ; w r as born in Virginia; gradu ated at West Point in 1815; having removed to New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving from 1839 to 1841; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1850 and 1852, and a State Senator during the three subsequent years. Died in New Jersey in 1870. Munroe, Thomas ; became a citizen of Wash ington about the time of the removal of the Seat of Government from Philadelphia, and in 1802 was ap pointed Superintendent, or Commissioner, of Public Buildings for the District of Columbia. Munson, Lyman B.; was appointed Chief Jus tice of the United States Court for the Territory of Montana. Murch, Thompson H.; was born at Hampden, Maine, March 29, 1838; received a common school education; passed his early life at sea; learned the trade of a stone-cutter and followed it for eighteen years; in 1877 became the editor and publisher of The Granite-Cutters International Journal; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Murfree, "William H.; was born in Hertford County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1801, and, having studied law, was a successful ad vocate; served in the State Legislature in 1805; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817; was a Presidential Elector in 1813; in 1825 emigrated to Tennessee, and died soon after at Nashville. Murphy, Charles ; was born in South Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853. Murphy, Henry C.; was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1810; graduated at Columbia College in 1830; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was at one time Attorney for the City of Brooklyn; was elected Mayor of that city in 1842; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1849; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to The Hague; in his tastes he was decidedly literary, and devoted much at tention to the investigation of the early history of his native State; on his return from Europe was elected to the Legislature of New York, serving in both the Assembly and Senate; was also a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1867; and was again elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1869; in 1868 published a translation from the Duteh entitled " Journal of a Voyage to New York, in 1679, 1680"; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of that year. 360 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Murphy, Isaac ; was Governor of Arkansas fron 1864 to 1868. Murphy, Jeremiah H.; was horn at Lowell Massachusetts, February 19, 1835; was educated in the common schools of Boston, Massachusetts, and at the State University of Iowa, having removed to the latter State in 1853; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; was Mayor of Davenport, Iowa, in 1873; was a State Senator from 1874 to 1878; was defeated for Congress in 1876; was again elected Mayor of Davenport in 1880; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Murphy, John ; was a native of South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808; was Clerk of the Senate of South Carolina: Trustee of his A ma Mater; removed to Alabama in 1817; was Governor of Alabama from 1825 to 1829, and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. Died in Clark County, Alabama, September 21, 1841, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. Murphy, John L.; was born in Tennessee; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Montana, residing in Vir ginia City. Murphy, William S.; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1843 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the Re public of Texas, and died at Galveston, July 13, 18:4. Murrah, Pendleton; was born in Alabama; graduated at Brown University in 1848; was Gov ernor of Texas from 1833 to 1865. Died at Monterey, Mexico, September 23, 1865. Murray, Ambrose S.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. Murray, Eli H.; was, for a time, United States Marshal for Kentucky; in March, 1880, was appoint ed, by President, Hayes, Governor of the Territory of Utah for the term of four years. Murray, John ; was born in Lancaster, Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821. Murray, John L.; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1838 to 1839. Murray, Robert M.; was born at Concord, Lake County, Ohio, November 28, 1841; was educated at Wi I lough by, in Lake County, until sixteen years of age; then went to Oberlin College and remained two years; served in the Union Army one year; at the close of the war attended Law College at Cleveland, Ohio, and graduated from that institution; engaged in the practice of law for a short time, and then Ije- came Cashier of the First National Bank of Paines- ville, Ohio, in which position he remained from 1870 to 1879; resigned and removed to Piqua, Ohio, where he engaged in the manufacture of farm implements; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- eighth Congress. Murray, Thomas; was born in Northumber land County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823. Murray, William ; was born in New York; was Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Murray, William Vans ; was born in Mary land about the year 1761; in 1783 went to London; entered as a student of law at the Temple, and re mained three years; on returning to his native State engaged in the practice of law; was soon elected to a seat in the Legislature; in 1791 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, and continued in that position until 1797, when he declined being a candidate; was appointed, by President Washington, Minister to the Netherlands; in connection with Mr. Ellsworth and Mr. Davie, negotiated a treaty with France in 1800; returned to the United States in 1801. Died Decem ber 11, 1803. He possessed great keenness of wit and delicacy of taste, and was distinguished for his eloquence, having a mind well stored with science and literature. Mutchler, William ; was born in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, December 21, 1831; was reared on a farm: received an academic education; studied law at Easton, and came to the bar in that place; in 1860 was elected Prothonotary of his native county, and re-elected in 1863; was, for two years, an As sessor of Internal Revenue; in 1869 and 1870 was Chairman of the Democratic State Committee; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875. was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Interior Department; was again a Representative in the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Myers, Amos ; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, April 23. 1824; received a good aca demic education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; in 1847 was appointed a District Attorney; in 1852 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman <>f the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy De partment, and a member of the Committee on Mileage. Myers, Leonard ; was born in Attleborough. Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1827; received a liberal education and adopted the profes sion of the law; was Solicitor for two Municipal Dis tricts in Philadelphia; codified the ordinances for the consolidation of the city; translated several works from the French; in 1862 was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Patents and Ex penditures in the Post Office Department; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and the Special Committee on the Civil Service; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, ind was placed on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Patents; was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Myers, William R.; was born in Clinton Coun- ;y, Ohio, June 12, 1836; removed to Madison County, Indiana, in 1848 ; his childhood and youth were massed upon a farm ; received a common school edu cation; in 185!) learned the trade of a painter; fol- owed this avocation during the summer and taught school during the winter seasons until 1861; in 1858 was elected Surveyor of Madison County and con tinued in that office until he enlisted in the Union Army in 1861; served throughout the war, rising to ;he rank of Captain; after the close of the war again taught school; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1871; in 1868 and 1869 was Superintend- snt of the Public Schools of Anderson, Indiana, and emained a member of the School Board until elected o Congress; was elected a Representative from lu- diana to the Forty-sixth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Nabers, Benjamin D.; was born in Tennessee; on removing to Mississippi, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to Convention of 1873; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fafth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses; in 1883 was appointed, by Presi- 1853; returning to Tennessee, was a Presidential dent Arthur, Solicitor of the Treasury, in which po- Elector, in 1861, from that State. sition he served until 1885. Nance, Albinus ; was born at La Fayette, Stark Count}, Illinois, March 30, 1848; received a good education, taking a part of the classical course at Knox College, Illinois; served in the Union Army throughout the Civil War; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar; in 1871 removed to Nebraska, and continued the practice of his profession; was a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1875, 1876, 1877, and 1878, and was Speaker of the House the two latter years; was Chairman of the Nebraska Delegation to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was elected Governor of Nebraska in 1878, and re-elected in 1880. Nash, Abner; was of Welsh descent, and born in Prince Edward County, Virginia; was educated for the bar; was the first elected Speaker of the North Carolina Senate, serving several terms; was the sec ond Governor of the State under the Constitution, in 1781; from 1782 to 1785 was in the Assembly; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1786. Died in New York, December 2, 1786, while on his way to Philadelphia to take his seat in Con gress. He was a true patriot, sparing neither health nor property in the cause of his country. Nash, C. E.; was born at Opelousas, Parish of St. Landry, Louisiana, May 23, 1844; received a common school education in New Orleans; enlisted as a private soldier in the Corps d 1 Afrique in 1863, and was promoted to the rank of Sergeant-Major of the regiment; lost a leg at Fort Blakely, and was honorably discharged in 1865; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Congress. Naudain, Arnold; was born in Delaware; graduated at Princeton College in 1806; was a Sena tor in Congress from Delaware from 1829 to 1836. Died in Odessa, Delaware, January 4, 1872. Naylor, Charles ; was born in the County of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 6, 18J6; was educat d a lawyer; was admitted to the bar of Phila delphia in 1828, and was for some years extensively engaged in practice; represented his native District in Congress from 1837 to 1841; in 1846 raised, in Philadelphia, a company of volunteers, and, as their Captain, took part in the war with Mexico; rendez voused at the Island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico; landed with the invading army at Vera Cruz; was active in the operations before that city, and in most of the engagements in General Scott s line; after the capture of the City of Mexico, September 14, 1847, was appointed Governor of the National Palace (the Halls of the Montezumas"), and keeper of the archives and property of that Republic, and continued to hold that place and to aid in the administration of the government of the city until its final evacuation by the American Army, June 12, 1848; filled many posts of trust and honor in his native State. Died in Philadelphia, December 24, 1872. Neal, Henry S.; was born at Gallipolis, Ohio, August 25, 1828; graduated at Marietta College in 1847; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1851; was elected a State Senator in 1861, and re- elected in 18;i3; was appointed Consul of the United States at Lisbon, Portugal, in 1869; was Charge d Affaires during a part of 1869 and 1870, when he re signed; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Neal, John Randolph ; was born in Anderson County, Tennessee, November 26, 1838; in 1851 re moved, with his parents, to McMinn County, Ten nessee; was reared on a farm; after obtaining a primary education in the local common schools, he attended Hiawassee College, in Monroe County, Ten nessee, during one session, and then went to Emory and Henry College, Virginia, from which institution he graduated in 1858; taught school in Roane Coun ty, Tennessee, for one year; studied law; in 1860 was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law; opposed secession, but when Tennessee joined the Confederacy he enlisted in the Confederate Army; was soon afterwards elected Captain; in 1862 was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1863 was promoted to a Colonelcy; in the spring of 1865 was assigned as a member of a Court organized at Rich mond, Virginia, the Confederate Capitol, to adjudi cate certain claims; on the fall of Richmond, soon afterwards, went to Giles County, Virginia, and taught school for three months; then returned to Ten- nesee, and taught school in Roane County until De cember, 1866, when he went to Sevier County, Ar kansas, and engaged in the practice of law ; his health failing, in 1870, he returned to East Tennessee, and finally settled at Rhea Springs, in Rhea County, Ten nessee, where he continued to reside, and where he engaged in mining, agriculture, and the practice of his profession; in 1874 was elected a Representative in the Tennessee Legislature; in 1878 was elected a State Senator, and, upon the assembling of the Legis lature, in January, 1879, was elected Speaker of the Senate and ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor of the State; in 1880 was a Presidential Elector; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-ninth Congress. Neal, Lawrence T.; was born in Parkersburg, Virginia, September 22, 1844; was educated at the Asbuiy Academy; removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1864; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1866; was Solicitor of Chillicothe in 1867; was elected to the Legislature in 1867; was Attorney of Ross County in 1870, and held that office until 1872, when he resigned; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Neale, Raphael ; was born in St. Mary s Coun ty, Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1825. Neece, "William H.; was born in Morgan Coun ty, Illinois, February 26, 1831; in that year his par-K ents removed to McDouough County, in the same State; was reared on a farm; received a common school education; in 1853 crossed the plains, with an ox team, to Portland, Oregon, where he remained one month, and then went to Sacramento, California, where he served as cook in a hotel for five months; then engaged in mining; in 1855 returned to Illinois and settled at Macomb; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1858; in 1864 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 186!) was elected a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention; in 1871 was again elected to the Legislature; in 1872 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1878 was elected State Senator, and served four years ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. 363 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Negley, James S.; was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, December 22. 1826; was edu- \,cated at the Western University; served in the war with Mexico; entered the volunteer service in 1861; raised a brigade in three days, and was made a Brig adier-General; was the first to direct public- attention to the removal of arms from the Allegheny Arsenal for the use of rebels; joined the army of General Sherman with his brigade, and succeeded General Buell in Tennessee; defended Nashville in 1862; was promoted to a Major-General for gallant services at Stone River; served with credit in the Campaign of Tallahoma, Alabama, and Georgia; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, Enrolled Bills, and Revolutionary Claims; re- elected to the two succeeding Congresses, serving on important Committees; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative to the Forty-ninth Congress. Neil, John B.; was appointed Governor of Idaho for the term of four years from July, 1880. Neilson, John ; was a Delegate from New Jer sey to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1779. Nelson, Homer A.; was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, August 31, 1829; adopted the profession of the law; in 1855 was elected Judge of Dutchess County for four years, and in 1859 was re-elected for a second term; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Unfin ished Business; in 1857 Rutgers College, of New Jer sey, conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts, and at the time of his election to Congress he was Colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regi ment of New York Volunteers, which position he re signed ; was a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention " of 1867; a few months afterwards was elected Secretary of State, and re-elected in 1868 and 1869. Nelson, Hugh; was born in Virginia; was, at one time, Speaker of the House of Delegates of Vir ginia; a Judge of the General Court; a Presidential Elector in 1809; a member of Congress from 1811 to 1823: was immediately afterwards appointed Ameri can Minister to Spain. Died in Albemarle County March 18, 1836. Nelson, Jeremiah ; was born in Rowley, Essex County, Massachusetts, September 14, 1769; gradu ated at Dartmouth College in 1790; settled in New- buryport, Massachusetts, as a merchant; served as a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1815 to 1823. Died at vNewburyport, October 2, 1838. Nelson, John ; was born in Frederick. Mary land, in 1791; graduated at William and Mary Col lege in 1811; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823; in 1831 was appointed Charge iV Affaires to the Two Sicilies; in 1844 was appointed by President Tyler, Attorney-General of the United States. Died in Baltimore, January 8 1860, aged sixty-nine yesvs. Received the degree of A.M. from the College of New Jersey. Nelson, Knute ; was born in Bergen Stiff Nor way, February 2, 1843; came, with his parents, to the United States in 1849, and settled in Chicago Illi nois; removed to Wisconsin in 1850; took a four- years course at Albion Academy, from which lie graduated; studied and practiced law; served in the Union Army more than three years, during the civil war; was wounded and taken prisoner at Port Hud- sou, in 1863; was a Representative in the Wisconsin Legislature in 1868 and 1869; removed to Minnesota in 1871 ; was a State Senator in 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1878; was Prosecuting Attorney of Douglas County for three years; became a Regent of the Minnesota* State University; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the F orty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Nelson, Roger; was born in Maryland; was a- General in the Revolutionary War; received several severe wounds at the battle of Camden, and was left on the field; after the war studied law, and practiced with success; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1804 to 1810; was several years in the Virginia Legislature; from 1810 to 1815 was .Judge of the Upper District of that State. Died at Frederick- town, Maryland, June 7, 1815, at an advanced age. Nelson, R. R.; was born in Cooperstown. New York, May 12, 1826; graduated at Yale College in 1846; studied law, and came to the bar in New York City in 1849; removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1850; in 1857 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory; and in 1858 Dis trict Judge of the United States for the State of Min nesota. In 1875 an opinion which he delivered on the Civil Rights Bill attracted much attention for its liberality. Nelson, Samuel; was born in Hebron, W T ash- ington County, New York, November 10, 1792, of Irish descent; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1813; studied law, and came to the bar of New York in 1817; located himself in Cortland County, where he practiced his profession with great success; in 1820 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention " of 1821; during the same year was appointed Post master of Cortland village; in 1823 was made Judge of the Circuit Court, which position he held for eight years; in 1831 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State; in 1837 was made Chief Justice, and held the position until 1845, when he was ap pointed, by President Tyler, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; in 1846 was elected a Delegate to the "State Convention" of that year, but declined to serve; received the degree of LL.D. from Middlebury College, Columbia College, and Geneva College; a sketch of his career was published in the "Pioneers of Cortland County," by H. C. Goodwin. Died at Cooperstown. New York, Decem ber 13, 1873. Nelson, Thomas; was born in Peekskil!. New York, January 23, 1819; son of William Nelson, formerly in Congress; graduated at Williams Col lege in 1836; studied law, and was admitted to the j bar in New York; visited Europe in 1842; in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Oregon. Nelson, Thomas, Jr.; was born in York, Vir- | ginia, December 26, 1738; was educated at Trinity j College, England; was devoted to farming and some thing of a sportsman; in 1774 was elected to the House of Burgesses, and took a bold stand in favor of liberty; was re-elected to that position; after at- tending various local conventions, was elected a Del egate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and again from 1779 to 1780, and was a signer of the j Declaration of Independence; took part in the ruili- j tary affairs of the time as a Brigadier-General; served j in the State Legislature: in 1781 was elected Gov- ! ernor of Virgin!;-.; was present at the siege of York- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 363 town, acquitted himself with ability, and was pub licly thanked by Washington; retired to private life in 1781. Died in January, 1789. Nelson, Thomas A. R.; was born in Tennessee; was bred a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; in 1851 was appointed, by President Fillinore, a Commissioner to China; served as a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was i a member of the Special Committee of Thirty -three on the Rebellious States; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was prevented from taking his seat by the forcible action of the Confeder ate Government; was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866; in March. 1868, acted as one of the Counsel for Presi dent Andrew Johnson, before the High Court of Im peachment; was a Delegate to the New York Con vention of that year. Nelson, Thomas H.; was born in Mason County, Kentucky, about 1824; removed early in life to Rock- ville, and afterward to Terre Haute, Indiana, where he became prominent in law and politics; was Min ister to Chili from 1861 to 1866; was appointed Min ister to Mexico, March, 1869; was one of the found ers of the Republican party in the West. Nelson, Thomas Leverett ; was born in Haverhill, New Hampshire, March 4, 1827; was prepared for college at Haverhill Academy and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, New Hampshire; entered Dartmouth College in 1842; in 1844 removed to .Burlington, Vermont, and enteied the University of Vermont, in that city; graduated therefrom in 1846, and engaged in civil engineering, in which oc cupation he continued until 1853, residing in various parts of the country; then began the study of law at Worcester, Massachusetts; was admitted to the bar, at Worcester, in 1855, and settled there in the prac tice of law ; was a Representative in the Massachu setts Legislature in 1869, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; was City Solicitor of Worcester f.om 1870 to 1873; at different times held numerous minor State and Municipal offices; also became a member of several local societies, among which was the American Antiquarian Society; in 1878 was ap pointed United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts; in 1885 received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Vermont. Nelson, Thomas M.; was born in Virginia in 1782; served with distinction in the War of 1812 as a Captain of Infantry ; after the war was promoted to the rank of Major, but resigned his commission; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1816 to 1819, when he declined a re election, and retired to private life. Died November 10, 1853. Nelson, "William ; was born in Clinton, Dutchess County, New York, June 29, 1784; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1807; was District Attorney for the Comities of Westchester, Putnam and Rockland, for a period of thirty years; was a member of the Assem bly of New York in 1819 and 1820, and a State Sen ator in 1823; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851 ; was a resident of Peeks- kill, where he died October 2, 1869. Nes, Henry ; was born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1799; was educated a physician; was frequently called to fill places of trust and responsibility in his native town; was a Representative in Congress from ( 1843 to 1845, and again from 1846 to 1850, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; he was reserved in his habits, but had many devoted friends. Died September 10, 1850. Nesbitt, Wilson ; -was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819. Nesmith, James W.; was born in Washington County, Maine, July 23, 1820; when quite young removed to New Hampshire, and in 1838 emigrated to Ohio; subsequently spent some time in Missouri, and in 1843 emigrated to Oregon; in 1848 and 1853 commanded, as Captain, two expeditions against the Indians; in 1853 was appointed United States Mar shal for Oregon, which position he resigned in 1855 y and took command of a regiment; in 1857 was ap pointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon and Washington Territories; was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon for the term beginning in 1861 and ending in 18J7, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Indian Affairs, and also the Special Committee appointed to visit the Indian tribes of the West, and the Committees on Commerce and Revolutionary Claims; in 1866 was appointed a Visitor to the West Point Academy, and was one of the Senators designated to attend the funeral of General Scott; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866; was subse quently appointed Minister to Austria, but not con tinued; while devoting himself to farming in Oregon, was elected to the Forty-third Congress, in place of J. J. Wilson, deceased. Died June 17, 1885. Neville, Joseph; was born in 1730; was a Revolutionary officer, Brigadier of State Militia, and Commissioner to run the boundary line between Virginia and Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795. Died in Hardy County, Virginia, March 4, 1819. New, Anthony ; was born in Gloucester County r Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 18 J5; on taking up his resi dence in Kentucky, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1813, from 1817 to 1818, and from 1821 to 1823. New, John O.; was born in Vernon, Indiana,. July 6, 1831 ; graduated at Bethany College, Vir ginia, in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar in Indianapolis; in 1856 was appointed Clerk, of the Marion County Courts, and re-appointed; in 18 Jl was appointed Quartermaster-General of Indiana, serving as such until elected to the State Senate; also- acted, for a time, as financial Secretary to Governor Morton, and assisted in the management of the finances of the State; in 1865 was elected Cashier of the First National Bank of Indianapolis, serving as- such until appointed, by President Grant, in 1875, without solicitation on his part, as Treasurer of the United States, in which position he served until July, 1876; was Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury from 1882 to 1884, when he re signed. New, J. D.; was horn in Vernon, Indiana, No vember 28, 1830; was educated at Bethany College, West Virginia; began the practice of law in 1856; was elected District Prosecuting Attorney in 18)2. and served two years; was elected Judge of Common Pleas in 1864, and served four years; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty -fourth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Newberry, John S.; was born at Waterville r New York, November 18, 1826; removed to Michi gan, with his father, when a child; received an 3G4 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. demic education and graduated at Michigan Univers ity in 1847; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1852; in 1864 engaged largely in manufactur ing enterprises; held no political office prior to hi; -election as a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died at Detroit, Michigan -January 2, 1887. Newbold, Joshua G-. ; was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1830 ; received a common schoof and academic education in his na tive State; applied himself to the study of medicine for one year and then abandoned it; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, in March, 1854, removed to the vicinity of Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa, and settled upon a farm; also engaged in merchan dising; in 1862 entered the Union Army as Captain of the Twenty-fifth Regiment of Iowa Volunteers; served as Judge-Advocate, with headquarters at Woodville, Alabama, was elected a Representative in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Eight eenth General Assemblies of the State of Iowa, and. in 1874, was temporary Speaker of the House; in 1876 was elected Lieutenant-Governor, and was, ex- officio, President of the State Senate; was Governor of Iowa in 1877 and 1878; held a number of county offices, and practiced law at Mt. Pleasant. Newbold, Thomas ; was a Eepresentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1807 to 1813, after which he served in the Legislature of that State. Died in Burlington County, of apoplexy, in Decem ber, 1823. Newcomb, C. A.; was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1830; received a classical edu cation; adopted the profession of the law; devoted much attention to the business of fruit-growing, es pecially to the culture of the grape ; removed to Iowa, and was a Circuit Judge for two years; Judge of a County Court for three years; settled in Mis souri, and was elected, for two years, to the Legisla ture of that State; in 1866 was elected a Representa tive from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Roads and Canals. Newell, William A.; was born at Franklin, Ohio; graduated at Rutgers College Grammar Schooll New Jersey, in 1836; was educated for the medica- profession; settled in New Jersey; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1847 to 1851, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Roads and Canals; in 185(5 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the term ending in 1860: was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864; was also elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Foreign Affairs, and War Debts of the Loyal States; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists Convention" of 1866; was a candidate for Gov ernor of New Jersey in 1877, but was defeated by General McClellan; in 1880 was appointed Governor of Washington Territory for a te- Ji of four years. Newhard, Peter; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 18-19 to 1843. Newman. Alexander; was born in Orange County, Virginia, in 18J6; in 1836 was elected a Rep resentative to the State Legislature, where he served several years; was also elected to the State Senate; from 1845 to 184,9 was Postmaster of Wheeling; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty- first Congress. Died of cholera before taking his seat, while on a visit to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in July, 1849. Newman, Daniel ; was born in North Carolina; was appointed Lieutenant of the Fourth United States Infantry* March, 1799; resigned, January 1, 1802; was Adjutant and Inspector-General of Georgia; Col onel commanding Georgia Volunteers in two actions with East Florida Indians, in 1812; distinguished himself in an attack on Creek Indians in Autossee towns under General Floyd in 1813; was Lieutenant- Colonel commanding Georgia Volunteers, December, 1813; severely wounded at Camp Defiance, January, 1814; was a Reprefentative in Congress from Georgia from 1831 to 1833. Died in Walker County, Georgia, in 1851. I Newsham, Joseph P.; was born in Monroe County, Illinois, in 1839; received an academic edu cation; was a merchant s clerk for two years; studied law, and came to the bar in Missouri in 1860; served rs a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the volunteer army, and was wounded at the battle of Chickasaw Bayou; on being discharged from military service, removed to Louisiana, and was made Clerk of a Court in the Parish of Ascension; was a Delegate to the State Con stitutional Convention of 1867; was elected a Repre sentative from Louisiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office Depart ment. Newton, Eben ; was born in Goshen, Litchfield County, Connecticut, October 16, 1795; his early edu cation was limited, having been obtained while work ing on a farm; his first earnings off the farm were from teaching school in the winter; in 1814 emigrated to Portage County, Ohio, and turned his attention to farming; studied law; in 1823 was admitted to the bar, and became the partner of Elisha Whittlesey, at Canfield, Ohio; in 1842 was elected a member of the Ohio Senate; was soon afterwards elected President Judge of the Third Circuit; was elected a Represent ative in Congress for the term from 1851 to 18~>3, but before taking his seat visited Europe; in 1856 was elected President of the Ashtabula and New Lisbon Railroad Company, in which position he remained until 1859, when he declined are-election; afterwards devoted himself to the pursuits of agriculture, in which he was eminently successful. Newton, Isaac ; was born in Burlington County, New Jersey, in 1800; shortly after he became of age, settled on a farm in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and soon took rank among the best farmers in the State; was one of the first and most active members of the State Agricultural Society; was for years per sistent in urging upon Congress the policy of estab lishing the Department of Agriculture; was appointed its first Commissioner, after organization. Died in Washington, June 19, 1867. Newton, Thomas; was born in Norfolk, Vir ginia, in 1769; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1801 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833; served for many years as Chairman of the Com mittee on Commerce and Manufactures. Died in Norfolk, Virginia, August 5, 1847. Newton, Thomas W.; was a Representative iu Jongress from Arkansas in February and March, 1847. Newton, Willoug-hby ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State >om 1843 to 1845. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Niblack, "William E ; was born in Dubois Coun ty, Indiana, May 19, 1822; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1843; during that year was ap pointed County Surveyor; in 1849 was elected to the State Legislature, where he served until 1852; in 1854 was appointed a Circuit Judge, and subsequent ly elected for six years, was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Indiana, serving on the Committee on Mileage, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864, and to the "New York Convention" of 1868; was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means; also, re-elected to the Forty -first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con gresses; was, from 1864 to 1872, a member of the "National Democratic Committee" for Indiana. Niblack, Silas N.; was elected a Representative from Florida to the Forty-second Congress, having successfully contested the seat claimed by Josiah T. Walls. Nicholas, George ; was born in Hanover, Vir ginia; graduated at William and Mary College in 1772; was distinguished, during the Revolution, in the field, and in the Council; was Major of Second Virginia Regiment in 1777, and, afterwards, Colonel; was a leading member of the Convention which rati fied the Federal Constitution; a prominent member of the House of Delegates in Virginia; removed to Kentucky in 1790; was a member of the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and was the author of that instrument; was the first Attorney-General of the State. Died in Kentucky in 1799. Nicholas, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1801 ; subsequently removed to Geneva, Ontario County, New York, whence he was elected to the State Senate from 1806 to 1809. Died May 27, 1821. Nicholas, Robert Carter ; was born in Vir ginia in 1715; graduated at William and Mary Col lege; represented James City in the House of Bur gesses of Virginia when very young; continued in that position until the House of Delegates was organ ized in 1777, and was a member of that body until 1779, when he was appointed a Judge of the High Court of Chancery, and consequently of the Court of Appeals ; was opposed to the Stamp Act resolutions of Patrick Henry ; was Treasurer of the Colony from 1776 to 1777; in 1773 was a member of the Commit tee of Correspondence; was also a member of all the important Conventions, and President pro tern, of that of July, 1775; was a good lawyer and financier. Died at Hanover, Virginia, in 1780. Nicholas, Robert Carter ; was born in Vir ginia; was appointed Captain of the Twentieth Infan try in 1812; Major of the Twelfth Infantry in 1813; Lieutenant-Colonel in 1814; was Charge d Affaires to Naples, and subsequently Secretary of State of Louisiana; in 1851 became State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Died at Terrebonne, Louisiana, December 24, 1857. Nicholas, "Wilson C.; was Governor of Virginia; was an officer in the War of the Revolution, and a member of the Convention which ratified the Consti tution of the United States; was a distinguished member of the Senate of the United States from 1799 to 1804 and of the National House of Representatives from 1807 to 1809, and ably supported the measures of President Jefferson s Administration; in 1804 re signed his seat in the Senate, and accepted the office of Collector of the Ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth; was afterwards again a member of the House, but re signed his seat in 1809; in 1814 was Governor, and remained in office until 1817. Died at Milton, Octo ber 10, 1820. Nicholls, John C.; was born at Clinton, Geor gia, April 25, 1834; was educated at William and Mary College, Virginia; studied law, and divided his attention between the practice of his profession and the occupation of a planter; served in the Confederate Army throughout the war; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1865; was a Pres idential Elector in 1868; was elected to the State Senate in 1870 and served five years; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; wag- el ected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- sixth Congress; was also elected to the Forty -eighth, Congress. Nichols, Francis T.; was Governor of Louisiana from 1876 to 1880. Nichols, Matthias H.; was born in Salem County, New Jersey, October 3, 1824; his education was acquired in a printing-office, and by the aid of friends who instructed him after the ordinary hours- of labor; studied law, and in 1849 was licensed to- practice in Auglaize County, Ohio; was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen County; resigned the office in 1852, to become a candidate for Congress ; wa elected a Representative from Ohio to theThirty- third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Joint Committee on Print ing. Nicholson, Alfred O. P.; was born in William son County, Tennessee, August 31, 1808; graduated at Chapel Hill University, North Carolina, in 1827; settled in Tennessee as a lawyer; was a member of the State Legislature from 1833 to 1839; was a Sena tor in Congress from that State from 1840 to 1842; was a member of the State Senate from 1843 to 1845; was Chancellor of the middle division of the State in 1845; was President of the Bank of Tennessee in 1846 and 1847; was elected Printer of the House of Representatives by the Thirty-third Congress, and Printer of the Senate by the Thirty-fourth Congress; from 1853 to 1856 was editor of the Washington Daily Union; was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee for the term commencing in 1859 and end ing in 1865, but was expelled July 11, 1861 ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Con vention" of 1866. Nicholson, John ; was for several years a mem ber of the New York Assembly; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1811.- Died January, 1820, aged fifty-five years. Nicholson, John A.; was born in Laurel, Sus sex County, Delaware, November 17, 1827; was edu cated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania; settled at Dover, Delaware, in 1847; studied law, and came to the bar in 1850; subsequently retired to private life; was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures, and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ap propriations. Nicholson, Joseph Hopper ; was a native of Maryland; received a good education; was a lawyer by profession ; in 1805 was appointed Chief Justice of the Sixth Judicial District; was also a Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland; from 1799 to 180S was a Representative in Congress. Died March 4, 1817, aged forty-seven years. 366 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Nicoll, Henry ; was born in the city of New York, October 23, 1812; graduated at Columbia Col lege in 1830; studied law, and practiced with suc cess; was a member of the New York "Constitutional Convention " of 1846; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1847 to 1849. Nicoll, John C.; was a native of Georgia; was a man of education and culture, and a resident of Sa vannah; in 1839 was appointed United States Judge for the District of Georgia. Nilea, Jason; was elected to the Forty-third Congress from Mississippi, serving on the Committee on Banking and Currency. Niles, John M.; was born in Windsor, Connecti cut, in 1787; was bred to tlje bar, and went to Hart ford in 1816 to practice law; in 1817 was there, con cerned in publishing the Times, which he edited for a time; in 1820 was a Commissioned Judge of the County Court; was appointed Postmaster at Hart ford, by President Jackson, and held the office until made a Senator in Congress in 1835, in which posi tion he remained until 1839; in 1840 was appointed Postmaster-General by President Van Buren; in 1842 was again elected to the United States Senate, served six years, retired to private life, and died May 31, 1856. Was fond of literary pursuits, and his con tributions to the periodical press were abundant; edited a " Gazetteer " of Connecticut and Rhode Island, and wrote a "History of South America. " In his will he gave twenty thousand dollars for the benefit of the poor of Hartford, and bequeathed his library to the Historical Society of Connecticut. Niles, Nathaniel ; was born in South Princeton, Rhode Island, in 1741; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1766; was a student of law, medicine and theology; was the inventor of making wire from bar iron, by water power, and erected, at Norwich, Con necticut, a woolen-card manufactory; was a member of the Vermont Legislature, and Speaker of the House; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ver mont; was six times a Presidential Elector; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1791 to 1795; wrote poetry and many sermons, and preached in his own house twelve years. Died at West Fairlee, Vermont, in November, 1828. Nisbet, Eugenius; was born in Georgia in 1803- received an English and legal education; was, for several years, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841; took an active part in the Rebellion of 1861- became a member of the Confederate Congress. Died at Macon, March 18, 1871. Nisbet, E. A.; was born in Georgia; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1842; took part in the Rebellion. Niven, Archibald C.; was born in New York- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and a member of the State Legis lature in 1864. Nixon John T.; was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1841; studied law, and came to the bar in io /T- 6 ^ ] n - the New Jerse y Legislature from 9 to 18oO, during the last year as Speaker- was 2ted a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention " of 1866; in 1870 was ap pointed United States Judge for the District of New Jersey. Noble, David A.; was born in Massachusetts; liberally educated; adopted the profession of the law; on removing to Michigan, was elected a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Noble, James ; was a native of Battletown, Clark County, Virginia; removed, when a youth, to Kentucky, and subsequently to Indiana; was a self- educated man, and very influential in his adopted State; was a Senator in Congress from Indiana from 1816 to 1831. Died in Washington, February 26, of the latter year. Noble, Noah ; was born in Virginia, January 15, 1794; was Governor of Indiana from 1831 to 1837. Died in Indianapolis, February, 1844. Noble, Patrick ; was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina, in 1787; graduated at New Jersey College in 1806; was a lawyer, and partner of J. C. Calhoun; a State Representative in 1812; was Speaker from 1818 to 1824, and again from 1832; in 1836 was President of the State Senate: was Governor from 1838 to 1840. Died at Abbeville in 1840. Noble, "Warren P.; was born in Pennsylvania, June 14, 1821; received a good English education in the State of Ohio; studied and practiced law; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1856, serving two terms; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. Noble, William H.; was born in New York; served three years in the Assembly of that State from Cayuga County; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. Died at Roches ter, February 5, 1850, aged sixty-two years. Noell, John W. ; was born in Bradford County, Virginia, February 15, 1816; emigrated to Missouri with his parents in 1832; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; from 1841 to 1850 was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Perry County, Mis souri; served four years in the State Senate of Mis souri; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Expenses of the Public Buildings; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress; serving as a member of the Committee on Claims; was also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress. Died in Washington, March 14, 1863. Noell, Thomas E.; was born in Perry ville, Mis souri, April 3, 1839; received a good English educa tion; when nineteen years of age was admitted to the bar, and practiced law until 1861, when he was ap pointed a Military Commissioner for the arrest of dis loyal persons; subsequently went into the ranks of the State Militia, and rose to the rank of Major, which he held until 1862; in that year was appointed a Captain in the Nineteenth Regiment of Regular United States Infantry; was subsequently elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, the Militia, and Mines and Minin"- was a Delegate to the " National Union Convention" held in Philadelphia in 1866; re-elected to the For tieth Congress. Died at St. Louis, October 3, 1867 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 367 Noggfle, David ; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1809; received a common school education, and even that with great difficulty; removed, with his father, to Ohio in 1820; in 1836 re moved to Illinois, where he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar; in 1840 removed to Beloit, Wis consin; in 1845 was made Postmaster of that place; resigned in 1848; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1846; of the Wisconsin LegisLtture in 1855 and 1857; was a Circuit Judge of the State from 1858 to 1866; in 1869 was appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Idaho; re-appointed in 1873; on account of failing health resigned the position in 1875, and removed to San Francisco, California. Nolan, Michael N; was born in Ireland in 1834; emigrated to the United States in 1844; received a common school education; studied law ; became largely interested in the business of brewing; a Di rector in the National Savings Bank of Albany, New York ; was, for ten years, Fire Commissioner of Al bany, was elected Mayor in 1878; re-elected in 1880 and 1882; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -seventh Congress. Norcross, Amasa ; was born at Rindge, New Hampshire, January 26, 1824; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice; was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1858, 1859 and 1862; was Assessor of Internal Revenue from 1862 to 1873; was Mayor of Fitchburg, Massachu setts, in 1873 and 1874; was a State Senator in 1874; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Norris, Benjamin W.; was born in Kennebeck County, Maine, in 1819; when a boy worked on a farm; graduated at Waterville College in 1843; read law, but instead of practicing the profession, was engaged in teaching for several years; was for several years a Land Agent for his State ; was a Delegate to the Na tional Baltimore Convention of 1864; was a Commis sioner for the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettys burg from 1863 to 1865; was appointed a Paymaster in the Army in 1864, and on being mustered out in 1865, purchased a plantation and settled in Alabama; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction. Died in Montgomery, January 27, 1873. Norris, Moses; was born in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, in 1799; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1828; studied law, and devoted himself suc cessfully to the practice ; in 1839 was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 was Speaker of the House; in 1841 was elected a member of the State Council ; in 1843 was elected a Representative in Congress, where he continued four years; in 1847 was again a member of the Legislature, and Speaker; while serving in that capacity was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1849 to 1855. Died in Washington, January 11, 1855. North, John "W.; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Nevada ; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the District of Nevada, residing at Carson City. i i North, William ; was Aid to Baron Steuben in the Revolutionary War, and afterwards appointed Adjutant-General; was Senator in Congress from New York, by appointment, in 1798, in the place of J. S. Hobart, resigned. Died at New York, January 4, 1836, aged eighty-three years, and was buried at Duanesburg. Norton, Daniel S.; was born in Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, April 12, 1829; was educated at Kenyon College; served one year in the war with Mexico in the Second Ohio Regiment; commenced the study of law in 1848 at Mount Vernon; in 1850 went across the plains to California, spending a part of that and the following year in Nicaragua; returning to Ohio, renewed the study of law, and came to the bar in 1852; practiced his profession in that State until 1855, when he removed to Minnesota; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate, declining re-election in 1859; was again re-elected in 1860, and also in 1863 and 1864, having been a member of the State House of Representatives in 1862; in 1865 took his seat as a Senator in Congress from Minnesota for the term end: ing in 1871, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Engrossed Bills, Claims, Territories, and Patents and the Patent Office; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Died in Washington City, July 1, 1870. Norton, Ebenezer F.; was born in New York; served in the State Assembly from Erie County in 1823; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. Norton, Elijah H.; was born in Logan County, Kentucky, November 24, 1821 ; received a liberal classical education, graduating at the Transylvania Law School in 1841; removed to Missouri in 1845; practiced law until 1852, when he was chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Missouri ; was re-elected to the same position in 1857; after resigning the Judgeship, in 1860, was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Norton, Jesse O.; was born in Vermont; gradu ated at Williams College, Massachusetts; emigrated to Illinois in 1839; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; in 1847 was a member of the "State Consti tutional Convention ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was elected a Repre sentative from Illinois to the Thirty -third and Thirty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads; in 1857 was elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of Illinois, holding the office until 1862; in 1863 was again elected a Repre sentative in Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Revolutionary Pen sions; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Norton, Nelson I.; was born in Cattaraugug County, New York, March 30, 1829; received a com mon school education; in early life was engaged in farming; subsequently devoted himself to mercantile business; returned to farming; was appointed a Jus tice of the Peace; was six years a County Assessor; five years a County Supervisor; was elected to the State Legislature in 1861; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; in 1875 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -fourth Congress to fill the va cancy caused by the death of Augustus F. Allen. Norvell, John ; was bred a printer; for a time was the editor of a newspaper in Philadelphia; was appointed, by President Jackson, Postmaster of De troit, Michigan; having 1 ecime identified with the Territory of Michigan, berama one of the Senators in Congress from the new Sti.te serving in that capacity from 1835 to 1841 V Died of apoplexy, in April, 1850. 368 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. It is worthy of notice that this worthy man left seven sons, six of whom served their country with credit as soldiers during the Rebellion. Norwood, Thomas Manson ; was born in Tal- bot County, Georgia, April 26, 1830; received an aca demic education in Monroe County, Georgia; gradu ated at Emory College, Oxford, Georgia, in 1850; Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1852; re moved to Savannah in 1852; was a member of the ,Georgia Legislature in 1861 and 1862; was a Presi dential Elector in 1868; was elected to the United States Senate in 1871 for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Transporta tion, Land Claims, and Revolutionary Claims; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-ninth Congress. Nott, Abraham ; was born at Saybrook, Con necticut; graduated at Yale College in 1"87; studied for the ministry, but did not take orders; in 1788 taught school in Georgia a year; studied law in Cam- den, South Carolina; was admitted to the bar in 1791 ; in 1794 settled on the Pacolet River, and con tinued the practice of his profession; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when he was elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Judge of the Superior Court. Died at Fairfield, South Carolina, June 19, 1830. Nott, Charles Cooper ; was born at Union Col lege, Schenectady, New York. September 16, 1827; studied law, and on his admission to the bar, settled in the city of New York, where he practiced from 1850 to 1861 ; served as a Captain of Cavalry and also Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of New York Volun teers during the Rebellion; was made prisoner in 1863, and confined for more than a year; in 1865 was appointed, by President Lincoln, one of the Judges of the Court of Claims in Washington. Nott, Edward ; was born in 1657; was Governor of Virginia from 1705 until his death, which occurred August 23, 1706, at Williamsburg, Virginia. Nourse, Amos ; graduated at Harvard in 1812; studied medicine; was a Medical Lecturer at Bow- doin College from 1846 to 1854, and Medical Professor since 1854; was also Postmaster of Hallowell, Maine, and Collector of Customs at Bath; was a Senator in Congress from Maine from January to March in 1857. Nourse, Joseph; was born in London in 1754; emigrated, with his family, to Virginia in 1769; en tered the Revolutionary Army in 1776, as Secretary to General Charles Lee; was Clerk and Auditor of the Board of War from 1777 until appointed Assist ant Auditor-General in 1781 ; was Register of the United States Treasury from 1789 to 1829; was a Vice-President of the American Bible Society. Died near Georgetown, District of Columbia, September 1, . Noyes, Edward Follensbee; was born at East Haverhill, Essex County, Massachusetts, Octo ber 3, 1832, but his parents died before he was three years of age, and he went to reside with grandparents at East Kingston, New Hampshire; attended the common schools and the Kingston Academy; at the age of thirteen was apprenticed to the printer s trade in the office of the Morning Star newspaper, at Dover New Hampshire; remained there four and a half years; then attended school in the summer and taught school in the winter, while preparing for col lege; attended Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, graduating therefrom, near the head of his class, in 1857; the same year settled at Cincin nati, Ohio; having studied law and been admitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of law at Cin cinnati in 1858; in 1861 entered the Union Army as Major of the Thirty-ninth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry; in 1862 was promoted to Lieutenant-Col onel and Colonel; lost a leg in battle July 4, 1864, while leading an assault upon the enemy s works, near Marietta, Georgia; was subsequently brevetted a Brigadier-General; in October, 1864, was assigned to the command of Camp Dennison, Ohio; in 1865, while absent on military duty, was elected Solicitor of the city of Cincinnati, which office he held two years; in 1867 was elected Probate Judge of Hamilton ( ounty, Ohio, for a term of three years; in 1870 traveled in Europe; in 1871 was elected Governor of Ohio; in 1873 was re-nominated for Governor, but was de feated by a narrow majority; received the votes of the Republican members of the Legislature for United States Senator, but was not elected; in 1876 was Chairman of the Ohio Delegation to the Repub lican National Convention, and nominated the suc cessful candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes; in 1877 was appointed, by President Hayes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to France; resigned in 1881, and returned to his home in Cincinnati, where he resumed the practice of his profession; during his service abroad, was sent on a special mission to the East, visiting all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Noyes, John; was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1795; was subsequently a tutor in that institution; was elected a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817. Died in 1841, aged seventy-eight years. Noyes, Joseph C.; was born at Portland, Maine, in 1798; was a member of the State Legislature in 1833; a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture; was a merchant by occupation; was Collector of the Passarnaquoddy District from 1841 to. 1843; was subsequently Treasurer of a Portland Sav ings Bank. Died in Portland, July 21, 1868. Nuckolls, Stephen P.; was born in Grayson County, Virginia, August 16, 1825; received an academic education; removed to Missouri in 1846, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1854 removed , to Nebraska Territory; was one of the founders of Nebraska City, and was a member of the Legislature in 1859; in I860 went to Colorado Territory, and en gaged in mining; from 1864 to 1867 resided in New York City; settled in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, in 1867, and upon the organization of Wyoming Ter ritory, in 1869, was elected a Delegate to the Forty - first Congress. Nuckolls, William C.; was born in South Car olina; graduated at the University of that State in. 1820; adopted the profession of the law; was a Rep resentative in Congress from South Carolina from 1827 to 1833. Nugen, Robert H.; was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1809; with his parents re moved to Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1811: settled in Tuscarawas County in 1828; in 1880 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals: declined a re-election. Nunn, David A.; was born in Hay wood County, Tennessee, July 26, 1832; was educated at the Col lege of West Tennessee ; studied and practiced law; in 1863 was elected to the State Senate; in 1865 *x> AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT BUILDING WASHINGTON. BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING BUILDING, WASHINGTON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 369 the State House of Representatives; was elected a Representative from Tennessee, to the Fortieth and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Invalid Pensions, and Freed- inen s Affairs. Nutting-, Newton W.; was born in Oswego County, New York, October 22, 1840; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1863, and engaged in practice at Oswego, New York; was School Commissioner for four years ; was District Attorney of Oswego County from 1869 to 1872; was County Judge from January, 1878, to March, 1883. when he resigned, having been elected a, Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. Nye, James W.; was born in Madison County, New York, June 10, 1815; adopted the profession of the law; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lin coln, Governor of Nevada Territory, in which posi tion he continued until the adoption of the State Constitution, when he was chosen a Senator in Con gress from the new State for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Territories, and as Chairman of that on Enrolled Bills: was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois; in January, 1867, was re-elected to the Senate for the term end ing in 1873, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Oakley, Thomas Jackson; was born in Dutchess County, New York, in 1783; graduated at Yale College in 1801; studied law, and entered upon the practice at Poughkeepsie, New York; in 1810 was appointed Surrogate of Dutchess County; in 1813 was elected a Representative in Congress where he con tinued until 1815, when he resumed his profession, and was elected a member of the Assembly; was ap pointed Attorney-General of the State of New York in 1819; in 1820 again served in the Assembly, and in 1827 was again elected to Congress; in 1828, when the Superior Court of New York City was organized, he was appointed one of its Judges ; on the reorgani zation of the Court under the Constitution of 1846, was elected the Chief Justice, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in New York City, May 11, 1857. The duties of the various stations to which he was called he discharged with fidelity and marked ability. Gates, "William C.; was born in Pike, (now Bullock) County, Alabama, November 30, 1835; was self-educated; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced with success; also engaged in farming and milling; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army as Captain and was promoted to a Colonelcy; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Conven tion of 18G8; was a Representative in the State Leg islature from 1870 to 1872; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1875; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-seventh Congress; re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty- ninth Congresses. O Bannon, A. J.; was born in Virginia; was a Clerk in the Treasury Department; in 1859 was ap pointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in office until 1860. O Brien, James ; was born in King s County, Ireland, March 13, 1841; received a common school education; emigrated to the United States, and set tled in New York City ; was elected an Alderman in 24 1864, and re-elected in 1866; was elected Sheriff in 1867; was elected State Senator in 1871; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. O Brien, Jeremiah ; was born at Machias, Maine, in 1768; received a limited education; served six years in the Maine Legislature; was a farmer and merchant; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1823 to 1831. Died at Boston, Massa chusetts, May 30, 1858. O Brien, William J.; was born in Baltimore, Maryland, May 28, 1836; was educated at St. Mary s College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858; was elected to the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Pensions. Ochiltree, Thomas P.; was born in Texas in 1837, his father having been one of the founders of the Texas Republic; was educated in the schools of his native State; at the age of seventeen volunteered in the "Texas Rangers," and served in several In dian campaigns; served with distinction in the Con federate Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of Colonel, and being several times honorably mentioned in Special Orders; soon after the close of the war was appointed, by President Grant, United States Marshal in his native State; was, for a time, State Commissioner of Emigration, to visit Europe; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-eighth Congress. O Connor, M. P.; was born at Beaufort, South Carolina, September 29, 1831; was graduated from St. John s College, Fordham, New York; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in prac tice; was a Representative in the Legislature of South Carolina from 1858 to 1865; was elected a Rep resentative from South Carolina to the Forty-sixth Congress. Died April 26, 1881. Odell, Moses F.; was born in Tarry town, Westchester County, New York, February 24, 1818; received a common school education ; from a Clerk he rose to the position of Assistant Collector of the Port of New York, under President Polk; under President Buchanan held the post of Public Appraiser; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Treasury Department, and a mem ber of that on Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress; serving on the Committee on Military, Affairs; in 1865 was appointed, by Presi dent Johnson, Naval Agent for the Port of New York. Died in that city June 13, 1866. He was a man of rare business habits, and universally re- pected. His disease was cancer in the mouth. Odell, N. Holmes ; was born near Tarrytown, New York, October 10, 1828; graduated at the Pauld- ing Institute, Tarrytown; spent four years in the steamboat business between Albany and New York; was a member of the Assembly during two successive sessions, closing in 1861; was founder of the First National Bank at Tarrytown, and was its first Cashier, which office he resigned in 1864; was elected County Treasurer in 1866, and re-elected in 1869 and L872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. O Donnell, James ; was born at Norwalk, Con necticut, March 25, 1840; removed, with his parents, Michigan, in 1848; enjoyed no educational advan tages, but after commencing to learn the printer s trade, in 1856, made up this deficiency by study after working hours; in 1861 enlisted in the First Michi. 370 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. gan Infantry, and served out his time, participating in the first battle of Bull Run; was Recorder of the City of Jackson, Michigan, for fourterms, 1863-1886; established the Jackson Daily Citizen in 1865, and continued its owner and editor; was Presidential Elector in 187-2, and was designated by the State Electoral College as Messenger to convey the vote of Michigan to Washington; was elected Mayor of Jack son in 1876 and re-elected in 1877; in 1878 was ap- pointed Aid-de-camp on the staff of Governor Cros- well, with the rank of Colonel; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-ninth Congress. O Ferrall, Charles T.; was born in Frederick County, Virginia, October 21, 1840; at the age of fifteen was appointed Clerk pro tempore of the Cir cuit Court of Morgan County, Virginia, to lill a vacancy caused by the death of his father, and at the age of seventeen was elected Clerk of the County Court of that County for six years; in May, 1861, unlisted in the cavalry service of the Confederate States; passed through all the grades to Colonel, and at the surrender of Lee was in command of all the Confederate Cavalry in the Shenandoah Valley; was several times wounded once through the lungs; soon after the close of the war studied law at Washington College, Lexington, Virginia; graduated and located at Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he commenced the practice of his profession ; was a member of the Gen eral Assembly of Virginia from 1871 to 1873; was Judge of the County Court of Rockingham County from 1874 to 1880; in 1882 was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Seventh District of Vir ginia, and according to returns he received 11,941 votes against 12,146 votes for John Paul, the nom inee of the Republican-Readjuster Coalition party; contested the election, and was seated by the Forty- eighth Congress, May 5, 1884; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Ogden, Aaron ; was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, Decembers, 1756; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1773; taught school for a time; served as an officer in the army throughout the Revolutionary War; had a horse shot under him at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey; participated in the Sul livan campaign against the Indians; for his services at Yorktown was complimented by Washington; after the war pursued the legal profession with distinction; was a Presidential Elector in 1800; was a Senator in Congress from 1801 to 1803; was Gov ernor of New Jersey in 1812; at the time of his death was President-General of the Society of Cin cinnati. Died at Jersey City, April 19, 1839. Dur ing the War of 1812, President Madison tendered him a commission as Major-General in the Army of the United States, which honor he declined, prefer ring to continue, as he had been, Commander-in- Chief of the Militia of his own State. Ogden, David A.; was born in Morristown, New Jersey; studied law; took up his residence in St. Lawrence County, New York in 1812; was a member of the Assembly in 1814 and 1815; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. Died at Montreal, Canada, June 9, 1829. Ogden, Robert , was a Delegate from New Jer sey to the Colonial Congress, which met in New York in 1765. Ogier, Isaac S. K.; was born in South Carolina; ivas an early emigrant to California, and resided at IA>S Angeles; in 1858 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the Southern District of California. Ogle, Alexander ; was born in Maryland about the year 1765; removed, at an early age, to Somer set, Pennsylvania; in 1806 was elected to the State Legislature, and frequently re-elected; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819; subsequently served several years iu the two Houses of the State Legislature; was a Gen eral of Militia; for nine years was Prothonotary of his County. Died in Somerset, Pennsylvania, October 14, 1852. Ogle, Andrew J.; was born at Somerset, Penn sylvania, in 1822, and was a grandson of Alexander Ogle; was considered a precocious politician, and was Prothonotary of his County when twenty-one years of age; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851; President Fillmore appointed him Charge d" Affaires to Denmark in 1852, but he, died suddenly of apoplexy before accepting the appointment. Ogle, Benjamin; was born in Maryland in 1751; was a member of the Council of that State before the Revolution; was Governor from 1798 to 1801. Died in Annapolis, July 6, 1809. Ogle, Charles ; was a son of Alexander Ogle, and was born at Somerset, Pennsylvania, in 1798; was educated for the bar, and was a successful law yer; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1837 to 1841; distinguished himself by a speech against the appropriation for furnishing the Executive Mansion; was a General of Militia. Died May 10, 1811, having been elected to the suc ceeding Congress. Oglesby, Richard J.; was born in Oldham County, Kentucky, July 25, 1824; settled in Illinois in 1836; received a common school education; was a carpenter for two years; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1845; served one year in the Mexi can War; worked two years in the mines of Califor nia; was elected to the State Senate in 1860; resigned to enter the volunteer service in 1861; at the com mencement of the Rebellion was chosen Colonel, afterwards appointed Brigadier-General, and in 1863 a Major-General; resigned in 1864, and was elected Governor of Illinois; was again elected Governor in 1872; a few months thereafter was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Public Lands, and Indian Affairs; in 1884 was again elected Governor of Illinois for a term of four years. O Hara, James E.; was born in the city of New York, February 26, 1814; received an academic edu cation; removed to North Carolina; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1872; engaged in the prac tice of law in Halifax; was Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of Halifax County from 1872 to 1876; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1875; was a candidate for election to the Forty-sixth Congress, but his opponent was given the certificate of election; was elected, without opposi tion, a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Olcott, Simeon; was born in 1737; graduated at Yale College in 1761; studied law, and settled in the practice at Charlestown, New Hampshire; in 1784 was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas; in 1790 a Judge of the Superior Court; Chief Judge of the same Court in 1795; was a Senator ir* Congress from New Hampshire from 1801 to 1805 Died in New Hampshire in 1815. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. b71 Olden, Charles C.; was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1797; after engaging in mercantile pur suits in New Orleans and Philadelphia, returned to his native place in 1825, and devoted himself to farm ing ; between the years 1844 and 1850 was twice elected to the State Senate; in 1859 was elected Gov ernor of the State, after which he retired to private life in his old home near Princeton. Olds, Edson B.; was born in Vermont; was edu cated for the medical profession; was a Representa tive in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to 1855; in 1862 was, for a short time, imprisoned in Fort Lafayette for supposed disloyalty, and while there confined was- elected a member of the Assembly of Ohio, having previously served six years in the State Legislature, and been Speaker of the Senate; after the close of the war of the Rebellion he built a church with the un derstanding that it should be free from the heresy of regarding slavery and rebellion as sins." Died at Lancaster, Ohio, January 24, 1869. Olin, Abraham B.; was born in Shaftsbury, Bennington County, Vermont, in 1812; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1835; commenced the practice of law at Troy, New York, in 1838; was for three years Recorder of the city of Troy; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia; in 1865 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Union College; his father, Gideon Olin, was in Congress from Vermont during the administration of President Jef ferson. Died July 7, 1879. Olin, Gideon ; was born in Rhode Island ; re moving to Vermont, became one of its founders; was a member of the State Legislature and Speaker of the House; a Judge of the County Court, and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. Died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, in 1822. Olin, Henry ; his boyhood was passed in Addi- son County, Vermont; was elected to the General Assembly of that State in 1799, and, excepting four years, continued to serve in that capacity until 1825; was a member of the "State Constitutional Conven tion " of 1814, 1822, and 1828; was an Associate Judge of the Addison County Court from 1801 to 1806; was Chief Judge of said court in 1807, and from 1810 to 1824; was chosen a Representative in Congress to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Charles Rich, in 1824, and served through the term ending in 1825; was also, at one time, Lieutenant- Governor of the State. Died at Salisbury, Vermont, in 1837, aged seventy years. Oliphant, E. P.; was a native of Pennsylvania; was appointed from that State an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Wash ington, residing at Whatcomb. Oliver, Addison ; was born in Washington "ounty, Pennsylvania, in 1833; graduated at Wash ington College in 1850; spent two years in Arkansas as a teacher; returned to Washington in 1853, and studied law with William Montgomery, M.C. ; was admitted to practice, and settled in Western Iowa iix 1857; was elected to the Iowa House of Representa tives in 1863, and to the Iowa Senate in 1865; was elected Judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1868, and twice re-elected to the same office, which he con tinued to hold until elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Oliver, Andrew ; was born at Springfield, Otse- go County, New York; soon after his birth, in 1819, his parents removed to Penn Yan, in Yates County ; received a classical education, and graduated at Union College in 1835; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1838, and entered upon a successful prac tice; was appointed to succeed his father as First Jwdge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1843, which position he held until the adoption of the new State Constitution; in 1846 was elected Judge of the Sur rogate and County Courts; in 1852 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress; was re- elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Oliver, Mordecai ; was born in Anderson Coun ty, Kentucky, October 22, 1819; emigrated to Mis souri in 1832; received as good an education as that country afforded, and entered upon the study of law at the age of nineteen, was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected Circuit Attorney for the Fifth Ju dicial Circuit of Missouri in 1848; in 1852 was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress; upon retiring from Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession in Richmond, Missouri. Oliver, William M.; was a native of Spring field, Otsego County, New York; was a lawyer by profession, and for a long time First Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a State Senator and Lieutenant-Governor in 1830, and a Representative from New York in the Twenty-seventh Congress. Olney, Cyrus ; was a native of New York; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Oregon; in 1853 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for that District. O Neal, Edward Asbury ; was born in Madi son County, Alabama; graduated from La Grange College; studied law, and settled at Florence, Ala bama, in the practice of his profession; was Prose cuting Attorney of the Fourth Judicial Circuit for four years; entered the Confederate Army as a Cap tain, in 1861, and rapidly rose to the rank of Briga dier-General, at the close of the war resumed the practice of law at Florence; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1875; in 1882 was elected Governor of Alabama; was re-elected in 1884, O Neill, Charles; was born in Philadelphia, March 21, 1821; graduated at Dickinson College in. 1840; studied law, and came to the bar in 1843; in 1850, 1851, and 1852 was elected to the State Legis lature, and in 1853 to the State Senate; again elected to the Legislature in 1859; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on, the same committee; was re-elected to the Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving again on the same committee and those on Appropriations and Expenditures in the Post Office Department; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-nintbi Congresses. O Neill, John ; was born in Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, December 17, 1821; in 1827 settled, with* his father, in Frederick, Maryland; was educated ata St. John s College, at that place; studied law, and- came to the bar of Maryland in 1842; in 1844 re- 372 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. moved to Ohio, and there practiced his profession in the Supreme Court; in 1855 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Muskingura County; in 1862 was electee a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Private Lane Claims. O Neill, John J.; was born at St. Louis, Mis souri, June 25, 1846, of Irish parents; received common school education; was in the Governmem civil service during the Civil War; was afterwards engaged in manufacturing pursuits ; in 1872 was elected a .Representative in the State Legislature was re-elected in 1874 and 1876; in 1878 was nomin ated for Congress by the Workingmen s party, bul withdrew; was elected to the Municipal Assembly 01 St. Louis in 1879, and re-elected in 1881; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected . to the Forty- ninth Congress; signalized his service by the intro duction, and passage, during the Forty-ninth Con gress, of a bill providing for the arbitration of differ ences between employers and employees, which gave him a National reputation. Ordway, Nehemiah G-.; was born at Warner, Merrimac County, New Hampshire, November 10, 1828; received a common school education; was en gaged in mercantile pursuits until 1855; removed to Concord, New Hampshire, and was appointed Sheriff of Merrimac County in 1856; in 1861 was appointed General Agent of the Post Office Department for the New England States, with headquarters at Boston, Massachusetts; in 1863 was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the United States House of Representatives, and served, by re-election, during the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses; in 1875 was elected a Repre sentative in the New Hampshire Legislature, and was re-elected in 1876 and 1877; during the same period was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and also served as a member of the Tax Commission to revise the tax system of the State; in 1879 was elected a State Senator; in 1880 was ap pointed Governor of Dakota Territory for the term of four years. O Reilly, Daniel; was born at Limerick, Ire land, June 3, 1838; received an academic education ; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States in 1856; settled in Brooklyn, New York; was City Weigher; was a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1873, 1874, and 1875; acted as Supervisor of Kings County in 1874 and 1875; during 1875 was President pro tern, of the Board of Aldermen, and, for five months, a member of the Board of Health; also act ing Mayor on several occasions; was again elected Alderman for the years 1878 and 1879; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. Ormsby, Stephen; was educated for the bar; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky; a Brigade-Major under Harmer in his campaign of 1790; a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1817; was defeated in 1813, but his successful competitor, John Simpson, having been killed at the battle of River Raisin, he was re-elected before the opening of Congress. Lived to an advanced age, and died at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1846. Orr, Alexander D.; was a native of Virginia- removed to Kentucky; in 1784 settled in Mason County; was a member of the State Legislature in 1792; upon the admission of Kentucky into the Union, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1792 to 1797. Died in Paris, Ken tucky, June 21, 1835, aged seventy years. Orr, Benjamin; was born in Bedford, New Hampshire. December 1, 1772; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1798; in his youth worked at a, trade and taught school; studied law, and began to practice at Topsham, Maine, in 1801 ; afterwards re moved to Brunswick, where he was eminent in chan cery practice; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819; was the author of an oration on the death of Washington, in 1800. Died in Brunswick, September 1, 1828. Orr, Jackson ; was born in Fayette County, Ohio, September 21, 1832; received a good education, and attended an irregular course at the University of Indiana; studied law, but devoted himself to mer cantile pursuits; served in the army as Captain in the Tenth Iowa Infantry; was a member of the Leg islature of Iowa in 1868; was elected to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Orr, James L.; was born at Craytonville, South Carolina, May 12, 1822 ; received his education chiefly in the University of Virginia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843; in 1844 was elected to the State Legislature; was re-elected in 1845; in 1848 was elected a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina, to which position he was subsequently re-elected; during the Thirty-second Congress was frequently Chairman of the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and during the next Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs; on the assembling of the Thirty -fifth Congress, was elected Speaker; in December, 1860, was appointed one of the Commissioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Carolina; in 1865 was elected Governor of South Carolina; was subsequently appointed Minister to Russia. Died at St. Peters burg, Russia, May 5, 1873. Orr, Robert ; was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Orth, Grodlove S.; was born near Lebanon, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1817; was educated chiefly at the Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839, locating in Indiana; in 1843 and 1846 was elected to the State Senate, serving six years in all, one year as President of that body; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; was a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; in 1862, when a call was made for men to defend Indiana from threatened incursions, lie organized a company in two hours, was elected Captain and placed in command of the United States ram Horner, cruising the Ohio River, and doing much to restore quiet along the borders of Kentucky, Indi ana, and Illinois; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Freedmen, and Foreign Affairs; e-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims; was also i elected to the Forty-first and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign i Affairs; in March, 1875, was appointed Minister to Austria, having previously declined the Mission to Brazil; returned to the United States in 1877; was again elected to Congress as a Representative from T ndiana to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Died December 16, 1882. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 373 Orton, William; was born in New York; was appointed from that State, in 1865, Commissioner of Internal Revenue in the United States Treasury, but only held the office one year; afterwards became President of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Died April 22, 1878. Osborn, Thomas A.; was born at Meadville, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1836; received an academic education, and was, for a time, a student at Allegheny College; learned the printing business, but aban doned it for the law; was admitted to the bar at Pontiac, Michigan, in 1857; soon afterwards removed to Kansas; was elected County Attorney of Doniphan County in 1858; was elected State Senator in 1859; in 1862 became President of the Senate; the same year was elected Lieutenant-Go vernor of the State; was United States Marshal from 1864 to 1866; was elected Governor of Kansas in 1872 and re-elected in 1874; was United States Minister to Chili from 1877 to 1881, during which time he conducted important negotiations between various South American Pow ers; in 1881 was promoted to the post of United States Minister to Brazil. Osborn, Thomas O.; was born in Ohio; re moved to Illinois; in 1874 was appointed Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation, residing at Buenos Ayres. Osborn, T. W.; was born in Westfield, Essex County, New Jersey, March 9, 1836; when a boy, went with his father to Jefferson County, New York, where he worked on a farm, and acquired a common school education; graduated at the Madison Univers ity in 1860; entered upon the study of law, but in 1861 was mustered into the military service as a Lieutenant of Artillery; as Captain, took part in the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, and as Chief of Artillery, was engaged in nearly all the subse quent battles of the Peninsula, and also in the Army of Tennessee, serving until the close of the war; was three times wounded in battle, and had an arm and shoulder broken by a railway accident; after the war went to Florida for his health ; practiced law at Tal lahassee; was made a Register of Bankruptcy in 1867; was a member of the State Convention which adopted the new Constitution, which he drafted; was elected to the State Senate; was elected a Senator in Congress from Florida, for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Patents and Public Lands. Osborne, Edwin S., was born at Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, August?, 1839; grad uated from the University of Northern Pennsylva nia, and from the National Law School at Pough- keepsie, New York; received the degree of LL.B. in the class of 1860; read law at Wilkesbarre, Pennsyl vania, and was admitted to the bar there in Febru ary, 1861; in April of that year enlisted in the Union Arm.y ; in 1862 was commissioned Captain of Com pany F, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers; in 1863 was promoted to Major and appointed Assistant Inspector-General; after the close of the war, was detailed as a Judge Advocate in the Bureau of Military Justice, at Wash ington; while in this position performed some very important legal duties, among which was an investi gation of the cruelties inflicted upon Union prisoners by the Confederate troops in charge of Andersonville and other Confederate prisons ; the result of this in vestigation was the trial and execution of Captain Wirz, the Confederate commandant at Anderson ville; left the army in 1863 and resumed the practice of law at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania; in 1870 was appointed Major-General in the National Guard of Pennsylvania; as such, commanded the troops sent to Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1871, to suppress the mining riots; again, in 1874, at Hazleton, during the mining troubles; at Susquehanna during the railway strike in 1875, and at Wilkesbarre during the riots of 1877; in 1878 resigned from the National Guard; in 1883 was Commander of the Department of Penn sylvania Grand Army of the Republic; in the same year was elected a member of the School Board of the Third District of Wilkesbarre, of which he was chosen President in 1885; in 1884 was elected a Rep- resentative-at-large from Pennsylvania to the Forty- ninth Congress. Osborne, Thomas B.; was born in Fairneld County, Connecticut, in 1797; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1817; studied law, and was, for several years, Judge of Fairneld County; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843; in 1848 settled in New Haven, and became a Professor in the Law Depart ment of Yale College; in 1856 received from the Wesleyan University the degree of Doctor of Laws. Died in New Haven, September 2, 1869. Osgood, Gayton P.; graduated at Harvard University in 1815; served in the Massachusetts Leg islature in 1829 and 1831; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1832 to 1835. Died June 26, 1861, aged sixty -four years. Osgood, Samuel ; was born at Andover, Massa chusetts; graduated at Harvard University in 1770; studied theology, but losing his health became a merchant; was a Delegate to the Essex Convention in 1774; a member of the Provincial Congress, and on many important committees; in 1775 and 1776 was Aid to General Ward, and member of the Board of War; Captain at Lexington and Cambridge in 1775; left the army in 1776, with the rank of Colonel and Assistant Commissary ; was a member of the House until 1780, and then State Senator; was Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784; First Commissioner of the United States Treasury from 1785 to 1789; United States Postmaster-General from 1789 to 1791 ; afterwards member of the New York Legislature and Speaker of the House; Supervisor of New York from 1801 to 1803, and from that time un til his death was Naval Officer of that port; he pub lished a work on Chronology; "Remarks on Daniel and Revelation "; " Letters on Episcopacy"; " The ology and Metaphysics, " and other subjects. Died in New York, August 12, 1813. Osmer, J. H.; was born January 22, 1833; passed his boyhood on his father s farm in Centre County, Pennsylvania; was educated in the common schools, and at Pine Grove Academy, Mount Pleasant Col lege, and Dickinson Seminary, Pennsylvania; taught school; studied law at Elmira, New York, and was admitted to practice there in 1859; was a Delegate to the Republican State Convention of New York in 1861; removed to Franklin, Pennsylvania, in 1865; was a member of the Republican State Committee; a Dele gate to the Republican National Convention of 1876; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to Forty-sixth Congress. O Sullivan, John L.; was a citizen of New York City ; a man of liberal education ; associated for some years with the magazine literature of the country, and also with politics; in 1854 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Portugal; in a few months was promoted to the rank of Minister Resident; returned to the United States in 1858. 574 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Oswald, John Holt ; was born in Pennsylvania was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives in 1800, remaining in office only one year. Otero, Mariano S.; was born at Peralta, New Mexico, August 29, 1844; was educated at the Uni versity of St. Louis, Missouri; engaged in commer cial pursuits and stock-raising; was Probate Judge from 1871 to 1879; was nominated a Delegate to the Forty-fourth Congress, but declined; was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Forty-sixth Con gress. Otero, Miguel A.; was born at Valencia, New Mexico, June 21, 1829; was educated at the St. Louis University, in Missouri; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in Missouri in 1852; returning to New Mexico, was elected to the Territorial Legisla ture; was appointed, by President Pierce, United States District Attorney for the Territory, but de clined to serve; for a time held the office of Attorney- General for the Territory; in 1855 was elected a Dele gate to Congress from New Mexico. Died May 31, 1882. Otis, Harrison Gray ; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, October 8, 1765; graduated at Har vard University in 1783, and soon became a success ful practitioner at the bar; was for many years an active and leading member of the State Legislature, serving as Speaker and President of the Senate ; was chosen a Representative in Congress from the Suffolk District in 1797, and served through President Adams s administration; in 1817 was chosen a Sena tor in Congress, where he remained for five years; was also Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and Mayor of Boston, for whose prosperity he ac complished much good, displaying, in all his public stations, great ability and the utmost fidelity to the public interests; was apointed, by President Adams, United States District Attorney for Massachusetts; was a Delegate to the "Hartford Convention" in 1811; was distingushed for his scholarly acquire ment;, and for his eloquence as an orator. Died at Bosto i, October 28, 1848. Otis, John ; was born in Maine, iu 1801; gradu ated at Bowdoin College in 1823; adopted the profes sion of the law; served five years in the Maine Legis lature; was a Commissioner for settling the North eastern Boundary; was a Representative in Ccngress from Maine, from 1849 to 185]. Died OctoLe 17 1856. Otis, Samuel Allyne ; was born in Boston, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1759; in 1776 was a Representative in the Assembly. and subsequently a member of the Convention whicl i framed the Constitution of Massachusetts; from 1787 to 1788 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, and upon the adoption of the Constitution was ap pointed Secretary of the Senate, holding that office lor more than thirty years. Died at Washington, April 22, 1814, aged seventy -three years. Otterbourg, Marius ; was a citizen of Wiscon sin; while holding the position of Consul in Mexico, he was, in 1866, made Acting Charge d Affaires, and in the following year received the appointment of Minister Plenipotentiary, but shortly afterwards re turned to the United States. Otto, William T.; was born in Philadelphia, January 19, 1817; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, studied law and removed to Indiana, where he followed his profession until 1844. when he was elected a District Judge for six years; became a Professor of Law in the University of Indiana; in 1863 was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior Department, and remained in that position until 1871, when he was appointed Arbitrator on the part of the United States, on the Commission for the Settlement of Claims of American Citizens against Spain ; in 1875 was appointed Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court. Oury, Granville H.; was born in Abingdon, Virginia, March 12, 1825; removed to Missouri in 1836; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and removed to Texas; in 1849 went to California and engaged in mining; in 1856 settled in Arizona; was elected a Representative in the Territorial Legis lature in 1866, 1873, and 1875, serving as Speaker the first two terms; was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-seventh Congress. Outhwaite, Joseph H.; was born at Cleveland, Ohio, December 5, 1841; was educated in the public schools of Zanesville, Ohio ; taught two years in the High School of that city, and was principal of a grammar school in Columbus, Ohio, three years; read law while teaching; was admitted to the bar in 1866; practiced law at Osceola, Missouri, from 1867 to 1871; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Frank lin County, Ohio, in 1874, and again in 1876; was one of the Trustees of the County Children s Home from March, 1879, until July, 1883; was one of the Trustees of the sinking fund of the city of Colum bus, Ohio, in 1883, and in 1884 was re-appointed for a term of five years; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty -ninth Congress Outlaw David; *as born in Bertie County, North Carolina; graduated at the University of that State m 1824; read law at Newbern, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1827; served three years in the louse of Commons; was elected Solicitor of Eden- ton District in 1836; was a Representative in Con- gress from 1847 to 1853. Outlaw George O.; was born in Bertie County North Carolina; was a member of the House of Commons in 1796; in the State Senate a number rt years thereafter; was a Representative in Con- g f T ^ mg the years 1824 ^ 1825 - D *ed August .o, loob. Overstreet, James; was a native of Barnwell District, South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1822 Died in \JM&, Overton, Edward, Jr.; was born at Towanda, Pennsylvania, February 4, 1836; graduated at Prince ton College New Jersey, in 1856; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1858; served in the Jmon Army from 1861 to 1864, rising to the rank of ^ IQ^ . ?S el; Was a Re S is ter in Bankrupcy rom 1867 to 1876; was elected a Representative rom Pennsylvania to the Forty-fifth and Fortv- rxth Congresses. Overton, Walter H.; was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana, from 1829 to 1831. Owen, Allen P.; was born in North Carolina; having removed to Georgia, was elected a Repre- entative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. was subse- uently appointed Consul at Havana BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 375 Owen, George W.; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1798; was Speaker of the House of Representatives in Alabama; Mayor of Mobile was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1829, when he was appointed Collectoi of the Port of Mobile. Died August 18, 1839, at Mo bile, Alabama. Owen, James; was born in Bladen County, North Carolina, in December, 1784; was well edu cated; adopted the occupation of a planter; was a General of Militia; was four years a member of the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1819. Owen, Robert Dale; was born in Glasgow. Scotland, November 7, 1801 ; his grandfather, David Dale, was an eminent cotton manufacturer on the Clyde, and his father, Robert Owen, was the cele brated philanthropist; was educated by a private- tutor until the age of sixteen, when he entered the private college of Hofwyl, near Berne, in Switzerland, remaining there three years; in 1826, his father having purchased the estate of New Harmony, in Indiana, he emigrated to this country; in 1835 was chosen to the Indiana Legislature, and twice re-elected; in 1843 was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and re-elected in 1845; introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Institution, and was one of its first Regents; also submitted the resolution which brought about the settlement of the Oregon Boundary; in 1849 was elected to the "Constitutional Convention" of Indiana, and made its Chairman; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Naples, remaining there five years ; in 1860 published "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," and in 1864 "The Wrong of Slavery and the Right of Emancipation"; after a succession of efforts, extend ing through fifteen years, he procured the passage, in Indiana, of laws securing to women independent rights of property; during the Rebellion served on two important Government Commissions; subse quently devoted much attention to Spiritualism, and in 1875 became temporarily insane; notwithstanding his many peculiar opinions, he was reputed to be a pure-hearted man, and, as a writer of English, had few equals. Owen, "William D.; was born at Bloomjngton, Indiana, September 6, 1846 ; was educated at the In diana State University; entered the ministry of the Christian Church; removed to Logansport, Indiana, in 1881; was engaged in literary pursuits, being the author, among other writings, of Success in Life : and The Genius of Industry " ; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Owens, George "W.; was a prominent member of the Georgia bar; was a Representative in Congress from that State, I rom 1835 to 1839. Died at Savan nah, in 1856. Owsley, Bryan Y.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Owsley, "William; was born in Virginia in 1782; with his father settled in Lincoln County, Kentucky, in 1783; taught school and studied law; represented Garrard County for several years in the Legislature; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1812 to 1828; removed to Boyle County in 1843; was Governor of Kentucky from 1844 to 1848. Died in Danville, Kentucky, in December, 1862. Paca, "William ; was born at Wye Hall, Har- ford County, Maryland, October 31, 1740; graduated at Philadelphia College in 1758; was admitted a student at the Middle Temple, London, in 17G2; practiced law at Annapolis, Maryland; was a m< m- ber of the Maryland Legislature in 1771, and op posed the Royal Government; was a member of the Committee of Correspondence in 1774, and a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1779; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; State Senator from 1777 to 1779; Chief Justice of the State from 1778 to 1780; Chief Judge of the Court of Ap peals and Admiralty from 1780 to 1782; was elected Governor in 1782 and 1786; was a member of the Convention which ratified the Constitution in 1788; was United buites District Judge from 1789 until his death, which occurred in 1799. Pacheco, Romualdo ; was born at Santa Bar bara, California, October 31, 1831; was educated by private tutors; engaged in nautical pursuits, and sub sequently in agriculture; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1853; in 1855 was elected Coun ty Judge, and served four years; was a State Senator in 1851, and again in 1861; was elected State Treas urer in 1863; was again in the State Legislature in 1808; was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1871, and became Governor by the election of Governor Booth to the United States Senate; was elected a Repre sentative from California to the Forty-fifth Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by P. D. Wigginton; was re-elected to the Forty -sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Packard, Jasper ; was born in Mahoning (for merly Trumbull) County, Ohio, in February, 1832; went, with his father, to Indiana in 1835; worked 011 his farm until 1850; was a student at Ober- lin College, but graduated at the University of Michi gan in 1855; taught school one year, and removing to Laporte, Indiana, edited the Union newspaper; studied law and came to the bar in 1861; on the breaking out of the Rebellion, entered the volunteer army as a private; served as a Lieutenant in the Vicksburg campaign, and during the assault on that place was vounded in the face; was commissioned a Captain, and served in the campaign from Memphis to Chattanooga; received two promotions during the Atlanta Campaign; in 1865 was appointed a Brig adier-General by brevet, for meritorious services; on being mustered out of service, in 1866, was chosen Auditor of Laporte County, Indiana, holding the office until 1868, when he was elected a Representa tive from Indiana to the Forty-first Congress, suc ceeding Schuyler Colfax, and serving on the Commit tees on Military Affairs and Mileage; was re-elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Packer, Asa ; was born in Groton, Connecticut, December 29, 1805; never had a whole year s school ing in his life; in 1822 removed to Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, and learned the trade of a carpenter; in 1833 settled in Mauch Chunk; built a canal-boat, and acted as her Captain between that place and Philadelphia; designed and built the " Lehigh Valley Railroad," as well as the Railroad leading from Mauch Chunk to Erie; gave five hundred thousand dollars and land to found the Lehigh Uni versity; was elected to the State Legislature; served as Judge of a County Court; was a Representative in tongress from Pennsylvania from 1853 to 1857; in 1875 was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Exhibition. 376 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Packer, John B.; was born in Sunbury, Penn sylvania, March 21, 1824; received an academic edu cation; studied law and came to the bar in 1845; was a District Attorney from 1842 to 1847; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; was J elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the j Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and the Interior Department; was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on several important Committees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Jioads. Packer, William F.; was born in Centre Coun ty, Pennsylvania, in 1807; became a printer; studied law, but never practiced; published the Li/coming Ga zette from 1827 to 1836, was Canal Commissioner 1 from 1839 to 1842; State Auditor from 1842 to 1845; | State Senator from 1845 to 1848; then President of the Susquehanna Railroad Company until its con solidation with the Northern Central Railroad Com pany, of which he was Director until 1858; was Gov ernor of Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1861. Died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1870. Paddock, Algernon S.; was born at Glenn s Falls, New York, November 5, 1830; was educated, studied law, and admitted to the bar there; settled in Nebraska in 1857; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1860; was appointed Sec retary of Nebraska Territory in 1861, which office he held until the admission of the State in 1867; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; was a candidate for Congress in 1868; was appointed Gov ernor of Wyoming Territory in 1868, and declined the office; engaged in the manufacture of hydraulic cement at Beatrice, Nebraska; was elected a Senator in Congress from Nebraska for the term commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881. Padelford, Seth ; was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1869, and remained in office until 1875. Died at Providence, Rhode Island, August 26, 1878 Page, Horace Francis ; was born in Orleans County, New York, October 20, 1833; received a good education; emigrated to California in 1854; Avas a stage-proprietor and mail-contractor; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was re-elected to the Forty -fourth Congress; was, also, re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Page, John ; was born at Rose well, Gloucester County, Virginia, April 17, 1743; graduated at Wil liam and Mary College in 1763, which he represented in the House of Burgesses; was a member of the Col onial Council; displayed an ardent attachment to the Colonies during the Revolution; in 1776 was one of the most conspicuous members of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Virginia, and was appointed one of the first Councilors; was a member of the Committee of Safety; a Lieuten ant-Governor of the State; commanded a militia regiment during I the British invasion; was one of the first Representa- ! tives to Congress from Virginia, serving from 1789 to ! 1797; was Presidential Elector in 1800; Governor of j the State from 1802 to 1805; published addresses to i the people in 1796 to 1799; was Commissioner of Loans for Virginia from 1806 until his death, which occurred at Richmond, October 11, 1808. Page, John ; was born in Haverhill, New Hamp shire, May 21, 1787; received an academic education- was chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits; in 1815 j was appointed an Assessor of Taxes; was a Register i of Deeds from 1828 to 1834 for Grafton County; served in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1835; in 1836 was chosen a member of the Executive Council, and again in 1838; during the in tervening year, 1837, served as a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Isaac Hill, resigned; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1839 to 1842; was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading member of the Methodist Church. Died at Concord, September 8, 1865. Page, JohnB.; was born in Rutland, Vermont, in 1826; was Governor of that State from 1867 to 1869. Died October 24, 1885. Page, Mann; was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in 1777. Page, Robert; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1801. Page, Sherman ; was born in Connecticut ; served in the Assembly of New York, from Otsego County, in 1827; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837; was also Judge of the Common Pleas in Otsego County. Died in Unadilla. Paige, David B.; was born at Madison, Ohio, April 8, 1844; graduated from Union College, New York, in 1865; engaged in the hardware business at Akron, Ohio; was elected Treasurer of Summit County in 1874, and re-elected in 1876; was the unsuc cessful candidate for Secretary of State in 1878; be came largely engaged in railroad construction; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-eighth Congress. Paine, Byron ; was a citizen of Wisconsin ; edu cated for the legal profession ; was for several years the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin when it was a Territory; acquired considerable fame on account of a judicial decision which conflicted with the Government of the United States. Died at Milwaukee, January 17, 1871. Paine, Charles ; was born at Williamstown, Vermont, April 15. 171)9; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1820; engaged in manufacturing, in which he was very successful; rendered the State great ser vice in the construction of its railroads; his last project was the exploration of a Southern route for a great Pacific Railroad; was a liberal patron of the University of Vermont and the Northfield Academy; was Governor of the State from 1841 to 1843. Died at Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853. Paine, Elijah ; was born in Brooklyn, Connecti cut. January 21, 1757; graduated at Harvard College in 1781; was the first President, of the Phi-Beta- Kappa Society of Harvard, and pronounced the first oration before the same; was a lawyer by profession, and having settled in Vermont, was one of the most useful pioneers of the new State, following the prac tice of his profession, and the employments of farmer, road-maker and cloth manufacturer; in 1786 was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution, and was Secretary; in 1787 was elected to the State Legislature, and so continued until 1791, when he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court; was one of the Commissioners to settle the contro versy between Vermont and Nw York in 1789; was a Trustee of Dartmouth College; President of the Vermont Colonization Society; a pecuniary benefac tor to the University of Vermont; received from Har vard College the degree of LL.D.; was elected a Fel low of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, BIOGJiAPHlCAL ANNALS. 377 and an ordinary member of several other literary in stitutions; was a Senator in Congress from Vermon from 1795 to 1801; in 1801 was appointed, by Pres dent Adams, Judge of the District Court of Vermont which office he held until within a month of hi death, when he resigned. Died at Williamstown Vermont, April 21, 1842. Paine, Ephraim ; was a Delegate from New Yor to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785. Paine, Halbert E.; was born in Chardon, Geaug County, Ohio, February 4, 1826; graduated at th Western Reserve College in 1845; studied law, anc came to the bar in 1848, settling in Cleveland; re moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1857; entere the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsii Regiment; was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in March, 1863; lost a leg in the following June, while in command of the Third Division of th< Nineteenth Corps, at the last assault on Port Hudson in March, 1865, was brevetted a Major-General ; re signed his commission in May, 1865; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-nintl Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, the Select Committee on the Freedmen, and that on the Militia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal ists Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Recon struction, and Soldiers and Sailors Bounties, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Militia; re- elected to the Forty-first Congress, and made Chair man of the Committee on Elections. Paine, Robert Treat; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 11, 1731; graduated at Har vard University in 1749 ; taught school for a time to support his parents, for which object he also made a tour to Europe; studied theology, and in 1785 acted as Chaplain to the Northern Provincial troops; after wards studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1759, and settled at Taunton to practice; in 1770 conduct ed the prosecution of the men engaged in the Boston massacre; in 1773 was Representative in the Legis lature; was a Delegate to the Provincial Congress from 1774 to 1775; Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1778, and a signer of the Dec laration of Independence; in 1776 was one of the Deputies sent by Congress to visit the army of Schuyler in the North; was Speaker of the House of Representatives of the State in 1777; was Attorney- General of Massachusetts, and a member of the Ex ecutive Council; in 1779 was a member of the Con stitutional Convention; removed to Boston in 1780; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1790 to 1804; was founder of the American Academy of Massachusetts in 1780; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard in 1805. Died in Boston, May 11, 1814. Paine, Robert T.; was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Painter, Gamaliel ; was born in New Haven, Connecticut, May 22, 1743; received a common school education; erected the first house in Middle- bury, Vermont, in 1773; served as Captain and Quar termaster in the Revolutionary Army; was a Delegate to the Convention that declared the Independence of Vermont in 1777; was a State Representative; Judge of the County Court, and Councilor in 1813 and 1814; a member of the first Constitutional Conven tion of Vermont in 1793; was principal founder of Middlebury College, to which, at his death, he left a bequest of about ten thousand dollars. Died at Middlebury, May 21, 1819. Palen, Joseph G.; was born in New York, from which State he was appointed Chief Justice tf the Supreme Court for the Territory of New Mexico. Died at Santa Fe, New Mexico, December 21, 1875. Palen, Rufus ; was born in New York ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Palfrey, John G.; was born in Boston May 2, 1795; was prepared for college at Exeter Academy, and graduated at Harvard in 1815; studied theology, and was ordained a Unitarian preacher in 1818; was subsequently, for a number of years, editor of the North American Review; was Professor of Sacred Literature in Harvard College from 1830 to 1838, and received from that institution the degrees of D. D. and LL. D. ; delivered a course of Lectures before the Lowell Institute; during the years 1842 and 1847 was a member of the General Court; was elected Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; was a member of Congress from 1847 to 184!); his published writings are numerous, chiefly of a theological and political character; his last work was a history of New England; in 1861 was appointed Postmaster of Boston; in 1869 received from Har vard University the degree of LL.D. Palmer, Beriah ; was born in New York; served four years in the Assembly of New York from Sara toga County; was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805. Palmer, O. S.; was born at Underbill, Chittenden County, Vermont, November 2, 1844; received a common school and academic education; in 18(52, by an arrangement with his brother, who had enlisted in the Union Army, young Palmer assumed the Brother s uniform and name, and went to the front n his stead, serving throughout the term of enlist- nent, and being mustered out under the brother s lame; in 1870 removed to Jericho, in his native ounty; read law, and was admitted to prac- ice in 1874; in 1876 and 1877 was State s Attorney or Chittenden County, Vermont; in 1880 and 1881 vas a Representative in the Vermont Legislature; in \pril, 1882, was appointed, by President Arthur, Vssistant United State s Attorney for the Territory f Dakota; in 1883 was appointed, by the Governor f Dakota, a member of the Territorial Board of Tax Commissioners; in February, 1884, was appointed an \ssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Ter- itory of Dakota, and resigned his other offices to as- ume his duties upon the Bei c i; was Judge Advo- ate General for Dakota for the year 1885. Palmer, Francis W., was born in Manchester, dearborn County, Indiana, October 11, 1827; in 1842 vas apprenticed to learn the trade of a printer; vorked as a journeyman in New York City; was, for en years, the publisher and editor of the Jamestown "ournal, in Chautauqua County; was a member of lie New York Assembly in 1853 and 1854; removed o Iowa in 1858, and became editor and part owner f the Dubuque Times; in 1860 was elected Printer or the State, holding the office eight years; in 1868 /as elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- rst Congress, serving on the Committees on Pacific lailroad, and tflie Library; was re-elected to the "orty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations. Palmer, George "W. ; was born in Hoosick, lensselaer County, New York, January 13, 1818; re- si ved a common school education ; adopted the pro- ssion of the law; was Surrogate of Clinton County om 1843 to 1847; a Representative in the Thirty- 378 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Pub lic Expenditures; \vasadelegate to the "Baltimore Convention " of 1864; in 1866 was appointed a Judge of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone, under the Treaty with Great Britain for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade. Palmer, John ; was born in Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York, in 1785; received a good educa tion, and studied law; settled in Plattsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, and formed a law partnership with Chancellor Wai worth, which continued until 1820; was elected a Representative to Congress in 1817, but before the expiration of his term was chosen District Attorney for Clinton County, in which capacity he served until 1&31; during that year was made the first Judge of said county, and held the office until 1836; was again elected to Congress in 1837, and served one term. Died of consumption, at St. Bar tholomew, West Indies, December 8, 1840. Palmer, John M.; was Governor of Illinois from 1869 to 1873. Palmer, Joseph ; was a member of the Provin cial Congress in 1777; one of the Committee of Safety, appointed by that body; as a Revolutionary officer, served as Colonel of Militia in the field, in the vicin ity of Boston, and in defense of the coast; in 1777 was appointed Brigadier-General commanding the Massachusetts Militia in the defense of Rhode Island. Died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 25, 1788. Palmer, Robert M.; was born in Mount Holly, New Jersey, in 1820; removed to Pottsville, Pennsyl vania, with his family, and was educated as a printer; subsequently became an editor and studied law; in 1850 was elected District Attorney for Schuylkill County; subsequently to the State Senate, over which he presided as Speaker; in 1861 was appointed Min ister to the Argentine Confederation, but was com pelled to resign on account of his health. Died at sea, April 26, 1862. Palmer, Thomas W.; was born at Detroit, Michi gan, January 25, 1830; received a common school and academic education, and attended the University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, for a year and a half, being prevented, by failing eyesight, from completing his course at the latter institution; after two years of foreign travel engaged in mercantile, business in Wisconsin in 1850; returned to Detroit, Mich igan, in 1853, and settled there; in 1878 was elected a State Senator; was elected a United States Senator from Michigan for the term of six years from March 4,1883. Palmer, William A.; was a member of the Vermont Legislature for six years; Judge of the Su preme Court in 1816; was a Senator in Congress from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825; Governor of Vermont from 1831 to 1835; a member of the " Constitutional Convention" of 1828 and 1836; Judge of Probate and of the County Court; two years a State Senator- for eight years Clerk of the Courts. Died at Dan ville, Vermont, at an advanced age", in December. 1860. Pardee, Don A.; was born at Wadsworth, Ohio March 29, 1837; received an academic education- entered the United States Naval Academy in 1854- resigned in 1857; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; entered the Union Army in 1861 as Major; served until 1865, rising to the rank of Lieu tenant-Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; in 1865 settled in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the practice of law; in 1867 was appointed Register in Bankruptcy; in 1868 was elected Judge of the Second Judicial District; was re-elected in 1872, and again in 1876; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven tion of 1879; in 1881 was appointed, by President Garfield, United States Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit. Park, Benjamin ; was a native of New Jersey, and was born in 1777; was one of the early pioneers to the Western Territory, and settled in that portion which now forms the State of Indiana, in 1800; from 1805 to 1808 was a Delegate in Congress from that Territory; was, soon after, appointed, by President Jefferson, Judge of the District Court, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Salem, Indiana, July 12, 1835. He was at one time Presi dent of the State Historical Society. Parker, Abraham X.; -was born at Granville, Vermont, November 14, 1831 ; removed to New York when a boy; received an academic education; studied law, and commenced practice in 1857; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1863 and 1864, and a State Senator from 1868 to 1871 ; in 1880 received the degree of A.M. from Middlebury Col lege; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Parker, Amasa J.; was born in 1807, at Shar on, Connecticut, and graduated at Union College, New York; was admitted to the bar in Delhi, New York, in October, 1828; in 1833 was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature, and in 1835 was chosen a Regent of the University; from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative in Congress; in 1844 was appointed a Circuit Judge and Vice-Chancellor of the Court of Equity; soon after the adoption of a New State Constitution, he became a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; in 1859 was appointed United States Attorney for the District of New York- was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864, and to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. Parker, Andrew; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Parker, Eli S.; was of Indian extraction; served with General U. S. Grant as a Staff Officer, and be came a General; in 1869 was appointed Commis sioner of Indian Affairs, holding the position until December, 1871. Parker, Hosea W.; was born in Lempster New Hampshire, May 30, 1833; received a good edu cation; entered Tuft s College in 1855, and left dur ing his sophomore year; studied law, and came to the bar in 1859; was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire in 1859; removed to Clermont in 1860, and commenced the practice of law; was a mem ber of the Democratic National Convention, in 1868- was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Patents. Parker, Isaac; was born at Boston, Massachu setts, June 17, 1768; graduated at Harvard College in 1786; commenced the practice of the law at Castine, in the District of Maine; was elected to Congress serving as a Representative from 1797 to 1799; was appointed, by President Adams, Marshal for the Dis trict of Maine, which office he held until 1801; after wards removed to Portland; in 1806 was chosen a BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 379 Judge of the Supreme Court, and, in 1814, Chief Justice, which position he occupied for sixteen years; in 1820 was President of the "Massachusetts Con vention" for the revision of the Constitution; for several years was Professor of Law in Harvard Uni versity; he was a distinguished scholar and a friend of literature; for eleven years was a Trustee of Bow- doin College, and, for twenty years, an Overseer of Harvard. Died in Boston, May 26, 1830. Parker, Isaac C.; was born in Belmont County, Ohio, October 15, 1838; worked on a farm; received an academic education; taught school for four years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; re moved to St. Joseph, Missouri; was elected City At torney in 1862 and 1863; was in the military service in Missouri, during the Rebellion, as Corporal; was a 1 residential Elector in 1864; was elected Circuit At torney in 1864; resigned in 1867; in 1868 was elected Circuit Judge for six years, but resigned in 1870; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con gresses, serving on the Committees on Navy Depart ment, and Appropriations; in 1875 was appointed Chief Justice of Utah, in the place of J. B. McKean, removed ; in March of the s:ime year was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Judge for the Western District of Arkansas. Parker, James ; was born in the Township of Bethlehem, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, March 1, 1776; was a student in Columbia College, New York, and graduated in 1793; entered the counting- house of a merchant in New York, and remained -^here until 1797, when he settled in Perth Amboy; was, for a few years, engaged in trade; was a mem ber of the New Jersey Legislature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827 in all, eleven years; was a Jackson Elector in 1824; Collector of the Customs at Perth Amboy from 182!) to 1833; was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837; also served as one of the Commissioners, on the part of New Jersey, to settle the boundary and jurisdiction between New York and New Jersey, at the different periods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, ob taining an agreement during the year last named; was a ni"mber of the "Constitutional Convention" of the State in 1844. Parker, James ; was a native of Boston, Massa chusetts ; was a physician by profession ; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821; was, for fifty years, a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he died Novem ber 9, 1837, aged sixty-nine years. Parker, Joel ; was born at Monmouth, New Jersey, November 24, 1816; as a boy, worked on a farm ; received a common school education at Trenton; graduated at Princeton College in 1839; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842; was elect ed to the State Legislature in 1847; was, for a time, Attorney for his county ; in 1861 was elected Major- General of Volunteers; in 1862 was elected Governor of New Jersey for three years; was again elected Gov ernor in 1871. Parker, John ; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. Parker, John Mason ; was born in Granville, Washington County, New York, June 14, 1805; grad uated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1828; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Revolution ary Pensions. Parker, Josiah ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1789 to 1801, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Parker, Nahum ; was born in 1749; was a State Counselor of New Hampshire from 1805 to 1807; United States Senator from 1807 to 1810; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from " ^22 to 1825; Presi dent of the State Senate in 1828. Died in 1839. Parker, Peter; was born in Massachusetts; was liberally educated; adopted the profession of medi cine; went to China as a Missionary; in 1845 was ap pointed Secretary and Interpreter to the American Legation; from 1850 to 1853 officiated as Charge d Affaires ad interim; also in 1854 and 1855; from 1855 to 1857 was a Commissioner to take charge of the interests of the United States; practiced his pro fession in China; returned to the United States with a fortune, and settled in the City of Washington, where he became one of the Regents of the Smithson ian Institution. Parker, Richard; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Parker, Richard E.; was born in 1777; in early life was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates; was, for many years, a Judge of the General and Cir cuit Courts of Virginia; was also a Judge of the Su preme Court of Appeals; for a brief period, in 183& and 1837, was a Senator in Congress. Died in Vir ginia, in November, 1840. Parker, Samuel W.; was born in Jefferson County, New York, September 9, 1805; graduated at the Miami University, in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indiana; while studying law, taught school and edited a newspaper; was admitted to the bar in 1831 ; was elected to the Legislature in 1836, where he served five years; was two years Attorney for the State; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855; in 1846 was President of the White Water Canal Company, the Charter for which he had passed by the Legislature; in 1845 was a Clay Elector, and in 1856 an Elector for Fremont. Parker, Severn E.; was born in Northampton County, Virginia; was an eminent lawyer; a promi nent member of the Virginia Legislature; a Repre sentative in Congress from 1819 to 1821. Died Octo ber 21, 1836, in Northampton County, Virginia. Parker, Thomas ; was a citizen of South Caro lina; in 1812 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the District of South Carolina. Parks, Gorham; was born in the western part of Massachusetts in 1793; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1813; adopted the profession of the law, and commenced practice at Bangor; was a Representa tive in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1837; from 1838 to 1841 was United States Marshal for the Dis trict of Maine; from 1843 to 1845 United States Attor ney; from 1845 to 1849 was United States Consul at Rio Janeiro. Parks, Samuel C.; was born in Vermont; r- moved to Illinois, from which State he was appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Idaho; afterwards resided in New Mexico; in Jan uary, 1882, was appointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Terri tory of Wyoming. 380 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Parmenter, William; was born in Massachu setts; was a State Senator in 1836; was a Represent ative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1845; Naval Officer at Boston from 1845 to 1849. Died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 27, 1866. Parris, Albion K.; was born in Hebron, Oxford County, Maine, January 19, 1788; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1806; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1809; in 1811 was appointed Attor ney for Oxford County; in 1813 was elected to the General Court; in 1814 was chosen a State Senator; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1815, and again in 1817; in 1816 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention " ; was appointed Judge of the Federal District Court in 1818, when he resigned; in 1819 was a member of the "State Convention" for framing a Constitution; in 1820 was appointed Judge of Probate for Cumberland County; was five times elected Governor of Maine from 1822 to 1827; was a Senator in Congress in 1827 and 1828: was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1828, holding the office until 1836, when he became Second Comptroller in the Federal Treasury Depart ment; ]eft that office in 1850, and returned to Port land ; in 1852 was elected Mayor. Died in Portland, February 11, 1857. Parris, Virgil D.; was born in Maine; adopted the profession of the law; was Assistant Secretary of the State Senate in 1831 ; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1833 to 1839; a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1838 to 1841; a State Sen ator in 1842 and 1843; United States Marshal for Maine from 1844 to 1848; United States Special Mail Agent from 1853 to 1856; subsequently held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine; when in the State Senate he was President pro tern., and for a short time acting Governor of the State. Died at Kittery, Maine, June 13, 1874. Parrish, Isaac ; was born in Ohio; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1847. Parrott, John F.; was, in 1811, a member of the New Hampshire Legislature; a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1817 to 1819; a Senator of the United States from 1819 to 1825; in 1826 was appointed Postmaster at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Died in Greenland, New Hampshire July 9, 1836, aged sixty-eight years. Parrott, Marcus J.; was born at Hamburg South Carolina, October 27, 1828; graduated at Dick inson College, Pennsylvania, in 1849; a lawyer by profession, having studied at Cambridge; was a mem ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1853 and 1854: was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Kansas Territory; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress. Parson, Samuel H.; was an early emigrant to the west, was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory northwest of the Ohio River. Parsons, Edward Young ; was born in Jef ferson County, Kentucky, December 12, 1842- grad uated at the University of Louisville in 1861- stud ied law, and came to the bar in 1865; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the For ty-fourth Congress. Died Juiy 8, 1876. Parsons, Lewis E.; was appointed Provisional Governor of Alabama in 1865; remained in office less thui one year. Parsons, Richard C.; was born in New Lon don, Connecticut, October 10, 1826; received a liberal education; removed to Ohio at the age of twenty years; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1851; in that year was elected a member of the City Councils of Cleveland, and the next year President of that body; in 1857 was elected to the Ohio Legis lature; re-elected, and chosen Speaker of the House; in 1861 was tendered the mission to Chili, which he declined; was subsequently appointed Consul at Rio Janeiro, resigning in 1862; was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue at Cleveland for four years; in 1866 received the appointment of Marshal of the Su preme Court of the United States, and served six years; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Commerce. Parsons, Samuel Holden ; was born at Lyrne, Connecticut, May 14, 1737; graduated at Harvard University in 1756; studied law at Lyme with his uncle, Matthew Griswold; was admitted to the bar in 1759; settled at Lyme; was elected a member of the Assembly in 1762, and successively for eighteen sessions; in 1774 was appointed King s Attorney, and removed to New London; was a member of the Com mittee of Correspondence; was Colonel of the Sixth Connecticut Regiment; was at the siege of Boston, and at Long Island; made Brigadier-General by Con gress in 1776, and Major-General in 1780; in 1779 succeeded General Putnam; at the close of the war, resumed the practice of the law at Middletown; in 1785 was appointed by Congress a Commissioner to treat with the Indians at Miami; was a member of the Convention of Connecticut which ratified the Federal Constitution of 1788; was appointed, by Washington, first Judge of the Northwest Territory; in 1789 was State Commissioner for treating with the Indians on the Western Reserve of Connecticut; set tled on the Ohio River in 1787, and published an essay on the antiquities of the Western States; on November 17, 1789, was drowned in the rapids of the Big Beaver River, Ohio. Partridge, George ; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1762; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from Massachusetts from 1776 to 1778, and in 1784, and a Representative in Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. Died at Duxbury, Massachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged eighty-eight years. Partridge, James R.; was born in Baltimore Maryland, in 1824; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1862 was ap pointed Minister Resident of the United States to Honduras, remaining there one year; in 1863 was transferred, with the same rank, to Salvador remain ing there until 1866; in 1871 went to Brazil as Min ister Plenipotentiary; in 1873 acted as one of the Arbitrators on the Claim of the Earl of Dundonald at Rio Janeiro; resigned in 1877; in April, 1882, was appointed United States Minister to Peru, remaining in office about one year. Died at Alicante, Spain February 24, 1884. Partridge, Samuel; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. Died April 2, 1883. Patersoii, William ; was born at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745; graduated at Princeton in 1763- studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1769- was a member of the Convention which framed the first Constitution of New Jersey, in 1776; from that time until the year 1786 was Attorney-General of the State; was a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, which instrument he signed ; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781 ; was one of the first Senators in Congress from 1789 to 179 0, when he resigned; was Governor of New Jersey from 1791 to 1794, when he was ap pointed, by the President, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held until his death, in 1806; in 1798 and 1799 revised, by authority of the Legislature, the laws of New Jersey, a work highly esteemed, and the foundation of the jurisprudence of the State; received the degree ol LL.D. from Harvard and Dartmouth Colleges. Patten, Jar vis ; was born at Bowdoinham, Lin coln County, Maine, in 1828; after receiving an ex cellent private and common school education, he prepared for college, with the view of entering one of the professions, but, at the age of eighteen, having always had a predilection for a nautical life, he gave up the profession, and shipped for his first voyage; his promotion was rapid, and at the age of twenty- two he was given command of a large merchant vessel; he established his residence at Bath, Maine, sailing from that port in different vessels; in 1867 he superintended the construction of a large steamship for the Pacific Coast trade, and on its completion took it to its destination; on his return to Maine he forsook the sea as a profession, and engaged in com mercial pursuits connected with shipping; resided in England for some years, as a member of a commer cial house; in 1876 resumed his residence in Bath, Maine; was several times a member of the City Coun cil of Bath ; compiled and published a work on the " Seaports of the World," a valuable book of refer ence; on the establishment, by Act of Congress, in 1884, of the Bureau of Navigation, in the Department of the Treasury at Washington City, Mr. Jarvis was appointed the first Commissioner in charge of the Bureau. Patterson, David T.; was born in Greene Coun ty, Tennessee, February 28, 1819; received an academic education; was engaged for a time as a paper-maker, and also as a miller; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court in 1854, and re-elected in 1862; in 1865 was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee for the term ending in 1869, taking his seat on the last day of the first session of the Thirty-third Congress, and serving, during the subsequent session, on the Committees on Commerce, Revolutionary Claims, and the District of Columbia; was son-in-law of Presi dent Andrew Johnson. Patterson, George Washington ; was bom at Londonderry, New Hampshire, November 11, 1799; received an academic education and taught school; in 1818 removed to Livingston County, New York; thence to Warsaw County, New York, in 1822, and thence, in 1825, to Leicester, New York, where he engaged in farming and the manufacture of agri cultural implements; was Commissioner of High ways, School Commissioner, Justice of the Peace, Brigade Paymaster, and Supervisor of Leicester; was a member of the State Assembly for eight years, from 1832 to 1840, the last two of which he was Speaker; removed to Westfield, New York, in 1841, and took charge of the Chautauqua Land Office, retaining that position until his death ; was Basin Commissioner at Albany, Harbor Commissioner and Quarantine Com missioner at New York, under different Governors; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1846: was elected Lieutenant-Go vemor of the State in 1848; was a Delegate to the National Repub lican Conventions of 1856 and 1864; was, for several years, Supervisor of Westfield ; was elected a Kepi e- sentative from New York to the Forty-fifth Con gress. Patterson, James W.; was born in Henniker, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, July 2, 1823; was educated at Dartmouth College, graduating in 1848; from 1854 to 1859 was a Professor of Mathe matics in Dartmouth College, after which he was transferred to the Chair of Professor of Astronomy and Meteorology, in the same college; from 1858 to 1861 was a School Commissioner from Grafton Coun ty, and at the same time was Secretary of the B( a -d of Education of the State; in 1862 served in the State Legislature; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Expenditures in the Treas ury Department, and for the District of Columbia; in 1864 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and was re-appointed in 1865; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, the Special Commit tee on the Death of President Lincoln, on a Bureau of Education, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia; in June, 1866, was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1867 and end ing in 1873, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, District of Columbia, and Enrolled Bills; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Patterson, John ; was for four years a mem ber of the Assembly of New York; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805. Patterson, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825. Patterson, John James ; was born in Water loo, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1830, graduated at Jefferson College in 1848; was editor of the Juniata Sentinel in 1852, and for ten years after wards was editor of the Harrisburg Telegraph; was engaged in banking and in the management of rail roads; was a member of the State Legislature in 1858, and the three succeeding years; removed to South Carolina in 1869; served in the army on the staff of General Williams of Pennsylvania; was elect ed to the Senate of the United States for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Territories, and Educa tion and Labor. Patterson, PuObert ; was born in the North of Ireland, May 30, 1743; settled in Philadelphia in 1768: became Principal of the Academy at Wilming ton, Delaware, in 1774; was a Brigade-Major in the Revolutionary War; Professor of Mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania from 1779 to 1814, and was for some time Vice-Provost; in 1805 was made Director of the United States Mint; from 1819 until his death was President of the American Philo sophical Society, to whose Transactions he was a frequent contributor; published "The Newtonian System" in 1808: "Treatise on Arithmetic" in 1819; edited "Ferguson s Mechanics" in 1806; his "As tronomy" in 1809; "John Webster s Natural Phil osophy" in 1808; "Ewing s Natural Philosophy" in 1809. Died in Philadelphia, July 22, 1824. He was the father of Robert M. Patterson. Patterson, Robert M.; was born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1804, and was made M. D. in 1808; was educated as a chemist under Sir Humphrey 382 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Davy returned to America in 1812, and was soon after elected Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the University of Philadelphia; Pro fessor in the University of Virginia from 1828 to 1835- Director of the United States Mint, Philadel phia, from 1835 to 1853; was elected a member of the Philisophical Society in 1809; delivered, while its Vice-President, iu 1843, "A Discourse on the Early History of the American Philosophical Society " ; was President of the Society from 1849 to 1853. Died m Philadelphia, September 5, 1854, aged sixty-eight years. Patterson, Thomas; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1817 to 1825. Patterson, Thomas J.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Patterson, Thomas M.; was born in Carlo w, Ireland, November 4, 1840; received a common school education, and spent one year at the Asbury Uni versity in Indiana, and one year at the Wabash Col lege; up to the year 1864 he was a printer and silver smith; subsequently adopted the profession of the law; removed to Colorado; in 1874 was appointed Attorney for the city of Denver; was elected a Dele- gat* from Colorado to the Forty-fourth Congress; npon the admission of Colorado as a State, in 1876, was elected a Representative from that State to the For ty-fifth Congress. Patterson, "Walter; was born in Columbia County, New York; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1818 from Columbia County, and a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. Patterson, "William; was born in Maryland; settled in Ohio ; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1838. Patterson, "William ; was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, June 4, 1789; removed to the State of New York in 1815, and subsequently settled in Warsaw, Genesee, now Wyoming County; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. Died, before the expiration of his term, at Warsaw, New York, August 14, 1838. Pattison, Robert E.; was born at Quantico, Maryland, December 8, 1850; removed to Pennsylva nia in 1855; received a classical education, graduat ing from the Central High School, of Philadelphia, in 1872; having studied law was, in the same year, ad mitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law as a profession; in 1877 was elected Comptroller of the city of Philadelphia, and was re-elected in 1880; in 1882 was elected Governor of Pennsylvania for the term of four years from January, 1883. Patton, John ; was born in Kent County, Dela ware, in 1746; was an officer in the Revolution, and fought in nearly every battle from Long Island to Camden ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786 ; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1793 to 1794; was re-elected in 1795, but his seat was successfully contested by H. Latimer. Died at Dover, in June, 1801. Patton, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Patton, John D.; was born at Indiana, Pennsyl vania, November 28, 1829; received a common school and academic education in his native town ; was en gaged in the business of a tanner from 1844 to 1851; in the latter year went to Kansas and engaged in the business of merchandising; in 1861 returned to his native town and continued in the mercantile busi ness; was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Forty-eighth Congress. Patton, John M.; was born in Virginia; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law, in which he was successful ; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1830 to 1838. Died in October, 1858, in the sixty-second year of his age. He was for some years, and at the time of his death, Judge of the Court of Appeals. Patton, R. M.; was elected Governor of Ala bama, and remained in the office until 1868. Paul, John ; was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, June 30, 1839; received a common school education; taught school; served in the Confederate Army throughout the War of the Rebellion; gradu ated in law at the University of Virginia in 1867; was Commonwealth Attorney from 1870 to 1877; was elected State Senator in 1877, and re-elected in 1879; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; in March, 1883, was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, and re signed his seat in Congress to enter npon his judicial duties. Paulding, James K.; was born in Dutch ess County, New York, August 22, 1778; passed his boy hood on his father s farm; in 1797 obtained a clerk ship in New York City, where he commenced, and long continued his labors, as a man of letters ; his first book was "Salmagundi," published in 1807; in 1812 he issued the " History of John Bull and Brother Jonathan," and in 1813, the " Lay of the Scotch Fid dle"; in 1815 was made Secretary of a Board of Navy Commissioners; in 1817 published " Letters from the South"; in 1818 the "Backwoodsman"; in 1822 " A Sketch of Old England "; in 1824 was appointed Navy Agent at New York; in 1825 ap peared his "John Bull in America"; in 1831 the "Dutchman s Fireside"; and in 1832 "Westward Ho"; in 1838 was appointed, by President Van Buren, Secretary of the Navy, from which office he retired in 1841, and passed the remainder of his life in retirement in the county where he was born. Died April 5, I860.- Paulding 1 , William, Jr.; was born in Tarry- town, Westchester County, New York, in 1769; waa educated for the law, and engaged in a lucrative practice in New York City ; was a Delegate to the New York Convention for revising the State Consti tution in 1821 ; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1811 to 1813, but was ab sent from his seat during the session in which war was declared, and served as General of Militia during its prosecution; in 1823 was chosen Mayor of New York, after which he held no public office. Died at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. Pawling, Levi; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819. Payne, Henry B.; was born in Hamilton Coun ty, New York, November 30, 1810; graduated at Hamilton College; studied law; in 1834 settled in Cleveland, Ohio; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; was elected a State Senator in 1849 and 1850; was, for several years, a member of the City Council; was President of the Columbus Railroad Company, and BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 383 was identified with other important industries of the State; was a candidate for the United States Senate, and also for Governor in 1857, but was defeated; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, and to the National Democratic Convention of 1872; re ported the platform that was adopted; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- fourth Congress; was, for many years, extensively interested in the manufacturing interests of Cleve land, and was President of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners of that city; in January, 1884, was elected a United States Senator from Ohio for six years from March 4, 1885. Payne, Sereno E.; was born at Hamilton, New York, June 26, 1843; received a classical education, graduating from the University of .Rochester in 18(;4; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866, and engaged in practice at Auburn, New York; was City Clerk of Auburn from 1868 to 1871; Supervisor in 1871 and 1872; District Attorney of Cayuga County from 1873 to 1879; was President of the Board of Education of Auburn from 1879 to 1882; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Payne, "Winter W.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 2, 1807; received a good English education; emigrated to Alabama in 1825; was elected to the Alabama Legislature in 1831, and with the exception of one year, served in that capac ity until 1840; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1841 to 1847; subsequently re turned to Warrenton, Virginia, where he settled, de voting himself to agricultural pursuits. Paynter, Lemuel ; was born in Delaware; on removing to Pennsylvania, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. Paynter, Samuel; was elected Governor of Delaware in 1824, and remained in office three years. Payson, Lewis E.; was born at Providence, Rhode Island, September 17, 1840; removed to Illi nois in 1852; received a common school education and attended Lombard University, Illinois, for two years; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Ottawa, Illinois, in 1862; removed to Pontiac, Illi nois, in 1865; was Judge of the County Court from { 1869 to 1873; was elected a Representative from Illi nois to the Forty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Pearce, Duttee J. ; was born at Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1789; graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1808; was a prominent lawyer; at one time Attorney-General of the State, and United States District Attorney for that District; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1837; was a Presidential Elector in 1821 ; served in the Legisla ture of Rhode Island. Died at Newport, May 9, 1849. Pearce, James A.; was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland family by his father s side; graduated at Princeton College, with the first honors, in 1822; was bred to the law, but was much engaged in the pursuits of agriculture; was a member of the Maryland Legisla ture in 1831; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843; was a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1862; served for a number of years as Chairman of the Joint Com mittee on the Library; also held the Post of Professor of Law in Washington College, Chestertown, and was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; was re-elected to the Senate for the term coniniencing March, 1863. Died at Chestertown, Maryland, De cember 20, 1862. Pearce, John J.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Pearson, Joseph ; was bom in Rowan County. North Carolina; was a lawyer by profession; served two years in the State Legislature; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina, from 180!) to 1815; while in Congress fought a duel with the Hon. John G. Jackson, the result of a political quar rel. Died at Salisbury, October 27, 1834. Pease, Edward M.; was born in Connecticut; received a common school education; when fourteen years of age became a clerk in a store; subsequently was a clerk in the Postoffice at Hartford, Connecti cut, until he reached the age of twenty-one; in Jan uary, 1835, went to Bastrop, Texas, where he entered upon the study of law; engaged in the Texas Revo lution of that year; was Secretary of the General Council of the Provincial Government of Texas from November, 1835, to March, 1836; then became Chief Clerk of the Navy Department, and afterwards Chief Clerk of the* Treasury Department of the Texas Gov ernment; in November, 1836, was Clerk of the Judi ciary Committee of the House of Representatives of Texas; in December, 1836, was tendered the position of Postmaster-General of Texas, but declined the office, and resumed his law studies; in April, 1837 commenced the practice of law at Washington, Texas - in June, 1837, became Comptroller of Public Ac counts of Texas; resigned in December, and settled at Brazoria in the practice of law; in 1846 was elected a Representative in the Texas Legislature; was re- elected in 1848 and 1850; resigned in 1850; in 1853 was elected Governor of Texas; was re-elected in 1855; in 1866 was an unsuccessful candidate for Gov ernor; was Provisional Governor, by appointment from 1867 to 1869; in 1872 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention; in 1879 was ap pointed Collector of the Port of Galveston Died in 1883. Pease, Henry B.; was born in Connecticut, February 19, 1835; received a good education; fol lowed the profession of teaching for eleven years- studied law, and was admitted to the bar; entered the army as a private soldier, and was promoted to the rank of Captain on staff duty; in 1865 was ap pointed Superintendent of Education for the State ol Louisiana, while under military rule; in 1867 Super intendent of the Education of Freedmen in Missis sippi; took part in the re-construction of the State; was elected Superintendent of Education of the State in 1869; edited and published the Mississippi Educa tional Journal, the first magazine ever devoted to popular education in the South; was elected to the United States Senate to fill a vacancy for the term ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Edu cation, and Labor, and Enrolled Bills; was, soon afterwards, appointed Postmaster at Vicksburg but removed in November, 1875, on account of pol itics. Pease, Seth ; was born in Connecticut; was edu cated for the medical profession, and having removed to Washington, was, in 1816, appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General, being the first who held that position. 384 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Peaslee, Charles H.; was born in Oilman town, New Hampshire, in February, 1804, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1824; was a State Representa tive from 1833 to 1837; Adjutant-General of the State from 1839 to 1847; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1853; Collector of Cus toms at Boston from 1853 to 1857. Died at St. Paul, Minnesota, while on a visit there in October, 10,66. Peck, Asahel ; was born in Royalton, Massachu setts, in 1803; was well educated; in 1874 was elected Governor of Vermont, serving until 1876. Peck, Bbenezer ; was born in the city of Port land, Maine, May 22, 1805; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in the city of Montreal, Lower Canada, in 1827; was twice elected to the General Assembly of the Province of Lower Canada; was made King s Counsel in 1833; in 1835 emigrated to Chicago, Illinois; was several times elected to the Senate and House of Representatives of that State: was Clerk of the Supreme Court of Illinois for four years from 1841 to 1845; was afterwards appointed Reporter of its decisions by that Court, which office he held for more than thirteen years from 1850, and until he was, in 1863, made one of the Judges of the Court of Claims in Washington. Peck, Erasmus D.; was born in Connecticut, September 16, 1808; graduated at the Berkshire Med ical College in 1829; removed to Ohio in 1830; was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1856 and 1858. was Examining Surgeon for the Army and for Pensions; was elected to the Forty-first Congress to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Peck, George W.; was born in New York about the year 1818; removed to Michigan; was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1846 and 1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year; was after wards chosen Secretary of State; was a Representa tive in Congress from Michigan from 1855 to 1857. Peck, Henry E.; was born in Rochester, New York ; was educated for the ministry ; was appointed a Professor in Oberlin College, Ohio; identified him self with the Anti-Slavery party in 1856; in 1862 was appointed, by President Lincoln, first, a Com missioner, and afterwards Minister Resident and Con- sul-General to Hayti. Died at Port-au-Prince, June 9, 1867, having originally gone abroad for the benefit of his health. Peck, James H.; was born in Tennessee; was educated for the bar, and was a man of influence: removed to Missouri; was made Judge of the United States District Court for Missouri. Died at St Charles, in that State, May 1, 1837. Peck, Jared. V.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Peck, Lucius B. ; was born in Waterbury, Ver mont, in 1799; spent two years at the West Point Academy; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824; served in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851; from 1853 to 1857 was United States Attorney for Vermont, and subsequently President of the Vermont and Can ada Railroad. Died in Lowell, Massachusetts. De cember. 1866. Peck, Luther O.; was born in Connecticut; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and set^.ed at Nunda, New York, in the practice of law, in which he attained eminence; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841. Died *, Nunda, New York, February 5, 1876. Peckham, Rufus "W.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855; in 1859 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court. Peddle, Thomas B.; was born at Edinburgh, Scotland; emigrated to the United States in 1833; located at Newark, New Jersey, and engaged in manufacturing; was elected to the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864; was Mayor of Newark from 1865 to 1868; was President of the Board of Trade of that city in 1873; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-fifth Congress. Peden, James A.; was a citizen of Florida; went to the Argentine Confederation as Charge iV Affaires in 1854; was soon after promoted to th& rank of Minister Resident; returned to the United States in 1858. Peek, Hermanns ; was born in Albany, New York; was, for two years, a member of the New York Assembly, from Schenectady County, and a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 tc 1821. Peel, Samuel "W.; was born in Independence County, Arkansas, September 13, 1831; in 1840 re moved, with his parents, to Carroll County, in the same State; received a very limited common school education; was elected Clerk of Carroll County in 1858, and re-elected in 1860; enlisted in the Confed erate Army in 1861, and was elected Major of State Regiment; again enlisted in 1862 and was elected Colonel, serving throughout the war; in 1867 settled at Ben ton ville, Arkansas; entered upon the practice of law without preceptor or reading; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney in 1873, and was elected to that office in 1874, serving four years; was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1880, was nominated by acclamation in 1882, and was elected a Representa tive from Arkansas to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Peelle, Stanton J.; was born in Wayne County, Indiana, February 11, 1843; received a good educa tion; adopted the profession of the law; entered the Union Army in 1861, and served three years; was Deputy District Attorney of Marion County for two years; was a Representative in the State Legisla ture from 1877 to 1879; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Peery, "William ; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786. Pegram, John ; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1818 to 1819, to fill the unexpired term of Peterson Goodwin. Peirce, Henry A.; was a citizen of Massachu setts ; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to the Sandwich Islands. Pelham, Charles ; was born in Person County, North Carolina, March 12. 1835; removed to Ala bama in 1838; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858, and practiced until 1862, when he entered BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 385 the Confederate service; was elected Judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit in 1868; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on one or two Commit tees. Pelton, Guy B.; was born at Great Barrington, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, August 3, 1825; his tastes, from early boyhood, inclined him to the study of law, but it was not until he had attained his twentieth year that he was enabled to prosecute his plans for a professional life, having, previously to that time, remained upon the homestead farm with his father; spent two years in the academy of his native town, and three years in the Connecticut Literary Institute, after which he devoted one year to teaching at Lee, Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, New York, employing his leisure in reading elementary works on law ; then entered a law office at Kinderhook and completed his studies, being ad mitted to the bar in 1850; in 1851 opened a law office in New York City; in 1854 was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-fourth Congress, after which he returned to New York and resumed his professional labors. Pendleton, Edmund ; was born in Carolina County, Virginia, September 9, 1721; at the age of twenty -one was admitted to the bar; was a mem ber of the House of Burgesses in 1752, and was sub sequently Speaker of that body; in 1764 was one of the Committee to memorialize the king; was a mem ber of the Committee of Correspondence in 1773; Presiding Magistrate and County Lieutenant of Carolina County in 1774; a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1775; President of the Virginia Conventions of 1775 and 1776; drew up the resolutions for the Declaration of Independence; was the opponent of Patrick Henry; was Chairman of the Committee of Safety, and one of the Revisers of the Colonial laws; in 1777 fell from his horse and was crippled for life; was Speaker and President of the Chancery Court; in 1779 President of the Court of Appeals ; in 1788 presided over the Conven tion which adopted the Federal Constitution; was appointed, by President Washington, United States District Judge for Virginia in 1789, but declined; protested against a war with France in 1798. Died in Richmond, Virginia, October 23, 1803. Pendleton, Edmund H.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. Pendleton, George H.; was born in Cincin nati, Ohio, July 25, 1825; became a lawyer by pro fession ; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty- seventh Congresses, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Military Affairs during each term; was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, and as Chairman of a Special Committee on admitting Cabinet officers to the floor of the House of Representatives; in 1864 was nominated for the office of Vice President of the United States, on the ticket with George B. McClel- lan for President; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866; in 1869 was appointed President of the Kentucky Central Rail road Company; was elected a United States Senator from Ohio for the term of six years from March 4, 1879; at the expiration of his Senatorial term, in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland. United States Minister to Germany. Pendleton, Henry ; was born in Virginia about 1750; emigrated to South Carolina and was ap pointed Judge in 1776; when the British overran the 25 State he joined the Patriot forces and fought at Eutaw; resumed his Judgeship in 1782; originated the County Court Act of South Carolina, and was one of three Judges appointed to revise the laws of the State in 1785; in 1788 was a member of the Con vention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Died in South Carolina in 1789. Pendleton, James M.; was born in Pendleton Hill, in North Stonington, Connecticut, January 10, 1822; received an academic education; was engaged in mercantile business and banking in Rhode Island; was a member of the State Senate in 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865; a Delegate to the " National Repub lican Convention" of Chicago in 18G8; Presidential Elector; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty- third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Re vision of Laws. Pendleton, John S.; was born in Virginia; in 1841 was appointed Charge d Affaires to the Republic of Chili; was a Representative in Congress from Vir ginia from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, end ing in 1849; in 1851 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Minister Resident to the Argentine Con federation, and was authorized to negotiate with Paraguay, etc. Died in Culpepper County, Virginia, November 19, 1868. Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene; was born in Savannah, Georgia, in August, 1793; removed, with his father, to New York in his childhood; was educated at Columbia College; adopted the profession of the law; was an Aid to General E. P. Gaines from 1813 to 1815; removed to Ohio in 1818; in 1825 was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and was re-elected; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1841 to 1843, after which he voluntarily retired from public life; was a man of high character and un common ability. Died in Cincinnati, June 16, 181)1. His father, Nathaniel Pendleton, was an officer in the Revolutionary War, a Judge, and second of Gen eral Alexander Hamilton in his duel with Aaron Burr. He was the father of George H. Pendleton. Perm, Alexander G.; was born in Virginia, and, having settled in Louisiana, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Died suddenly, in Washington, May 8, 1866, while on a visit to that city. He once held a position in the Custom House of New Orleans. Penn, John ; was born in Philadelphia; was Governor of Pennsylvania from 17f>3 to 1771, and from 1773 to 1775; continued in the country after his government was ended by the Revolution, and in 1777, having refused to sign a parole, was confined by the Whigs at Fredericksburg, Virginia. Died in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, February, 1795. He was a grandson of William Penn, and was called the "American Penn." Penn, John ; was born in Caroline County, Vir ginia, May 17, 1741 ; his early education was limited, but he soon overcame all obstacles, and acquired a knowledge of law; in 1744 settled in North Carolina; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declaration of Independence, as well as the Articles of Confederation; when Cornwallis invaded North Carolina was placed in charge of public affairs, and acquitted himself with credit; in 1784 was ap pointed Receiver of Taxes. Died October 26, 1809. Penniman, Ebenezer Jenckes ; was born in Lansingburg, New York; when thirteen years of ape was apprenticed to the business of printing, in the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. office of the New Hampshire Sentinel, at Keene; when eighteen years of age purchased his indentures, and entered upon mercantile pursuits in the City of New York; removed to Michigan in 1835; was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-second Congress. Penning-ton, Alexander O. M.; was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1811; was a lawyer by pro fession ; was a Representative in Cangress from that State from 1853 to 1857; also served two years in the State Legislature; subsequently settled in the city of New York, where he died January 25, 1867, aged fifty -six years. Penning-ton, I. L.; was born in North Carolina; received a common school education; early took an interest in the cause of education and wrote much on the subject; after serving for many years in vari ous capacities of trust and honor, he emigrated to Dakota, and in 1874 was appointed Governor of that Territory. Penning-ton, William; was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1797; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; in 1837 was elect ed Governor of New Jersey, and annually re-elected until 1843, acting at the same time as Chancellor of the State, ex-officio, and taking a prominent part in what was known as the Broad Seal Controversy ; was appointed, by President Taylor, Governor of Minnesota Territory, and by President Fillmore, a Judge to settle land claims in California both of which positions he declined; in 1858, contrary to his wishes, was elected a Representative from New Jer sey to the Thirty-sixth Congress; after the lapse of two months from taking his seat was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Died at Newark, New Jersey, February 16, 1862. He had Ticen indisposed, and having taken a dose of mor phine by mistake for some other medicine, died from its effects. I Penning-ton, William S.; was born in 1775; was Major of New Jersey Artillery in the Revolu tionary War; was admitted to the bar in 1802; was a member of the Legislature of New Jersey; was Chancellor of the State, and author of New Jersey Court Reports, published from 1803 to 1816; andSvo. in 1825; was Governor of New Jersey from 1813 to 1815: was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1804; Judge of the United States District Court from 1815 to 1826. Died at Newark, September 17, 1826. His son, William, was a Representative in Congress. Penny-backer, Isaac S.; was born in Shenan- doah County, Virginia, in 1806; was a lawyer by pro fession ; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839; then Judge of the District Court of Western Virginia; was a Senator in Congress for the term from 1845 to 1851. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 12, 1847. Penrose, Charles B.; was born in Pennsylva nia; in 1841 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury of the United States, remaining in office until 1845. Perce, Leg-rand W. ; was born in Buffalo, New York, June 19, 183G; received a good education; stud ied law at the Albany University in 1856; entered the volunteer service in 1861 ; was appointed Second Lieutenant of Michigan Volunteers in 1861, and Cap tain in 1862; was brevetted Major at Port Hudson in 1863; was appointed Captain of United States Vol unteers in 1863, and brevetted Colonel in 1865; set tled in Mississippi; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, ! serving on several Committees and as Chairman of I that on Education and Labor. Perea, Francisco ; was born in Zadillas, Coun ty of Bernalillo, New Mexico, January 9, 1831; in 1863 was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Perham, Sidney ; was born in Woodstock, Ox ford County, Maine. March 27, 1819; until his thir ty-fourth year followed the double occupation of farmer and teacher; in 18.">2 was chosen a member of the Maine Board of Agriculture, which position he held for two years; in 1855 was a member of the State Legislature, and officiated as Speaker; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; in 1858 was elected County Clerk for Oxford County, and re-elected in 1861 ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; in 1875 was elected Secretary of the State of Maine. Perkins, Bishop ; was born in New Hampshire; settled in New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Perkins, Bishop W.; was born at Rochester, Lorain County, Ohio, October 18, 1841; removed, with his parents, to Illinois in 1855; received a com mon school education and attended Knox Academy, at Galesburg, Illinois, one year; in 1860 went to Pike s Peak; returned to Illinois in 1862 and enlisted in the Union Army; served until 1866, performing important duties, and rising to the rank of Captain and Acting Adjutant-General; was wounded at Fort Donelson ; returned home when mustered out of service, read law, and was admitted to the bar of the Illinois Supreme Court in 1867; settled at Princeton, Indiana, in the practice of law; in April, 1869, re moved to Oswego, Kansas; in June of that year was appointed County Attorney; in 1870 was elected Probate Judge, and was re-elected in 1872; in Feb ruary, 1873, was appointed Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of the State; in November of that year was elected to the same position; was re-elected in 1874, and again in 1878; was elected a Represent ative from Kansas to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Perkins, Elias ; was born in Norwich, Connecti cut, April 5, 1767; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; studied law, and, after practicing a few years, relinquished the profession; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1801 to 1803; was subsequently chosen Judge of the Court for the county of New London, which office he held until he became ineli gible from his advanced years; was Mayor of the city of New London from 1829 to 1832, when he declined a re-election. Died in New London. September 27, 1845. Perkins, G-eprg-e Clement; was born at Ken- nebunkport, Maine, in 1839; was reared on a farm, with limited educational advantages; at the age of twelve went to sea as cabin boy; followed this calling, and that of a sailor for several years; in 1855 shipped "before the mast " on a sailing vessel bound for San Francisco,*California, where he arrived in the autumn of that year; went to Sacramento, California; went, on foot, to Oroville, California, where he became porter in a store; subsequently became a partner in the business, and was very successful; engaged in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 387 banking, milling, mining, and sheep-raising; in 1868 was elected a State Senator; became a large stock holder in the Pacific Coast Steamship Company ; passed through the junior grades to the office of Grand Master of the Order of Free and Accepted Ma sons of the State of California; was elected President of the Merchants Exchange, of San Francisco; in 1879 was elected Governor of California, serving until January, 1883; in the latter year, during the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar, held at San Francisco, was Grand Commander of the Grand Commaudery of California, and was elected Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Encampment. Perkins, Jared; was born in New Hampshire; held the position of State Councilor from 1846 to 1849; was a State Representative in 1850; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Died at Nashua, October 14, 1854. Perkins, John, Jr.; was born in Louisiana, July 1, 1819; graduated at Yale College in 1840, and sub sequently at the Law School of Harvard University; settled, for the practice of his profession, in New Or leans, but his health compelled him to travel in Europe; on his return, in 1851, was chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Louisiana; held this position until elected to Congress, in 1853, where he advo cated Democratic measures, and remained until 1855, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; took part in the rebellion. Perrill, Augustus L.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. Perry, Benjamin Franklin ; was born near Greenville. South Carolina, in 1806; received a lib eral education; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Greenville, South Carolina, in 1828, and entered upon the practice of law at that place; held many offices of profit and trust; in 1835 was elected a State Senator; at the breaking out of the Civil War, in 1860, opposed secession, and throughout the conflict remained a steadfast unionist; after the closeof the war was elected Governor of South Carolina; in 1870 was elected United States Senator, but was not permitted to take his seat; in 1872 was elected a Representa tive in Congress, but was again refused admission to a Congressional seat; abandoned politics, and resumed the practice of his profession; in 1876 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention. Died at his liome, near Greenville, South Carolina, December 3, Perry, Edward A.; was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, March 15, 1833; prepared for college in Lee Academy, and entered Yale Col lege in the class of 1854; left college in his junior year, 1853, and went to Alabama; studied law, end was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Alabama in 1857; settled in Pensacola, Florida, in the practice of law; at the commencement of the Civil War entered the Confederate service as Captain; was promoted to a Colonelcy, and afterwards com missioned as Brigadier-General; after the close of the war resumed the practice of his profession at Pensacola, Florida; never held public office until elected Governor of Florida for the term of four years, from January, 1885. Perry, Eli; was born in Washington County, New York, December 25, 1802; received a good edu cation ; commenced business as a dealer in provisions, and continued it for twenty-five years ; was a banker; was elected alderman and member of the Assembly of the State; in 1851 was elected Mayor of Albany, which office he held twelve years; was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Perry, John J.; was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, August 2, 1811; when a child removed with his father, Rev. Daniel Perry, to Oxford, Maine; received a common school education, and of his own accord spent three years at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary," paying for his tuition by laboring on the farm belonging to the institution, and also by teach ing school in the winter; spent three years in mer cantile pursuits; turned his attention to the law; was admitted to the bar at Oxford, Maine, in 1844, and there practiced his profession; was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 1843; was after wards, for seven years, Major-General of the Maine Militia; in 1846 and 1847, was elected to the State Senate; in 1854 was elected Clerk of the Maine House of Representatives; was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 1857; was connected with the press, as editor of the Oxford Democrat, a paper published at Paris, Maine; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Territories; was a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Perry, Madison S.; was Governor of Florida from 1857 to 1861. Perry, Matthew Galbraith ; was born in New port, Rhode Island, in 1794: was appointed Midship man in the I nited States Navy in 1809: Lieutenant in 1813; Con nnander in 1826. and Captain in 1837; in 1819 fixed the locality of the first settlement of Liberia; from 1821 to 1824 cruised in the West Indies and captured several pirates; was in the Med iterranean from 1830 to 1833; on his return took charge of the Brooklyn Navy Yard; then commanded the African Squadron ; then the Gulf Squadron, and co-operated in the siege of Vera Cruz during the Mexican War; from 1852 to 1854 commanded the Japan Expedition, and negotiated an important treaty with that power in 1854; an account of the expedi tion was published in 1856 in three large volumes. Died in New York, March 4, 1858. Perry, Nehemiah; was born at Ridgefield, Connecticut, March 30, 1816; received a good educa tion at the West Lane Seminary; was chiefly en gaged in the cloth and clothing business; was for many years the presiding member of the Common Council of Newark, New Jersey; served a number of years in the Legislature of that State; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures on Public Buildings ; was re-elected to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Perry, R. H.; was a citizen of Rhode Island; while holding the position of Consul at San Domingo, in 1869, was empowered to negotiate for the cession of that country to the United States, and also to obtain a lease of Samana Bay Perry, Thomas ; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847; was a Circuit Judge from 1851 to 1861, and from 1864 to 1871. Died in Cumberland, June 27, 1871, aged sixty-three years. Perry, William ; in 1790 was appointed an Asso ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Terri tory lying south of the Ohio River. 38tt BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Perry, William Hayne; was born at Green ville, South Carolina, June 9, 1839; was educated in the schools of his native city, in the Furman Uni versity, at the South Carolina College, and at Har vard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduating from the latter institution with distinguished honors; studied law and was admitted to practice at Colum bia, South Carolina; engaged in the pursuit of his profession as a partner of his father; entered the Confederate Army in 1861 and served throughout the war, being promoted to First Lieutenant and Adju tant; resumed the practice of his profession; soon after was elected a Delegate to the State Convention; was a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1868 was elected Solicitor of the Western Circuit and served four years; in 1880 was elected State Senator an d served four years; in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from South Carolina to the Forty-ninth Congress. Persons, Henry ; was born in Monroe County, Georgia, in 1834; removed to Talbot County in 1836; in 1855 graduated at the University of Georgia; de voted his attention to agriculture; served in the Con federate Army as Captain ; was elected a Represent ative from Georgia to the Forty-sixth Congress. Peter, George ; was born in Georgetown, Mont gomery County, Maryland (now the, District of Co lumbia), September 28, 1779; was educated at pri vate institutions and at the Georgetown College; en tered the United States Army in 1799, and resigned in 1809; served as Major of Volunteers during the War of 1812; was a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827; was twice elected to the State Legislature, and also served the public as Commissioner of Public Works for the State of Maryland. Died in Montgomery County, Mary land, June 22, 1861. Peters, John A.; was born in Ellsworth, Han cock County, Maine, October 9, 1822; graduated at Yale College in 1842; studied law at the Harvard Law School, and came to the bar at Bangor in 1844 ; in 1862 and 1863 was elected to the Senate of Maine; in 1864 was elected to the House of Representatives; at the close of 1864 and also in 1865 and 1866 was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General of the State; was, subsequently, elected a Representative from Maine to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Patents; was re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library and on the Judiciary Committee. Peters, John S.; was born in Connecticut in 1778; received a good education; was several years in the State Legislature; was Lieutenant-Go vernor from 1827 to 1831 ; was Governor of Connecticut from 1831 to 1833. Died in Hebron, April 1, 1858. Peters, Richard ; was born near Philadelphia. August 22, 1744; graduated at Philadelphia College; was a lawyer by profession, and very successful in his native State, because of the fluency with which he spoke German; was remarkable for his wit, and when he accompanied the delegation from Pennsyl vania to the Six Nations, the Indians were so de lighted with his vivacity that he was formally adopted by them into their tribes; at the commence ment of the Revolution became a Captain of Volun teers, but was soon transferred to the Board of War, with which he was connected until 1781, when he resigned his post, and received from Congress a vote of thanks for his services; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783; after the organization of the Federal Government, President Washington offered him the position of Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States, which he de clined, but accepted that of Judge of the District Court of Pennsylvania, which situation he occupied until his death : besides his duties on the bench, he was engaged in the pursuits of agriculture and public works; was first President of the Company who built the permanent bridge over the Schuylkill at Phila delphia; in 1797 published his experiments in agri culture and improvements in American husbandryi was President of the Philadelphia Agricultural So ciety, and enriched its memoirs with many valuable communications. Died in Philadelphia, August 21, 1828. Peters, Samuel R. ; was born in Pickaway County, Ohio. August 16, 1842; worked on a farm, attending the district school in the winter, until 1859; in that year entered Wesleyan University, Ohio; left in his sophomore year, in 1861, to enlist in the Union Army as a private; served until 1865, rising to the rank of Captain; graduated from the Law Department of the University of Michigan in 1867; practiced law, and edited the Memphis Reveille newspaper, at Memphis, Missouri, until 1873; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1872; removed to Kansas in 1873, and engaged in the practice of law at Marion Centre; was elected State Senator in 1874; in March, 1875, was appointed Judge of the Ninth Judicial District; in the succeed ing November was elected to the same position, and was re-elected in 1879; removed to Newton, Kansas, in 1876; was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Petrie, G-eorge; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Petriken, David ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. Died January 3, 1849. Pettees, John J.; was Governor of Mississippi from 1860 to 1862; was a Brigadier-General in the Confederate service; was killed at the battle of Peach Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864. Pettibone, Augustus H.; was born at Bedford, Ohio, January 21, 1835; graduated from the Univers ity of Michigan in 1859; studied law and commenced practice at La Crosse, Wisconsin; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Major; settled in Tennessee; was elected Attorney-General for the First Judicial Circuit; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 and 1876; was Assistant United States District Attorney for several years; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-sev enth, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses." Pettigrew, Ebenezer ; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1835 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. Pettigrew, R. F.; was born at Ludlow, Vermont, in July, 1848; removed, with his parents, to Wis consin in 1854; received a good education; studied law; went to Dakota in 1869, and, after following various vocations, engaged in the practice of law in 1875; was elected a member of the Council in 1877, and re-elected in 1879; was elected a Delegate from Dakota to the Forty-seventh Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 389 Pettis, Spencer ; was born in Virginia; was ed ucated a lawyer; on taking up his residence in Mis souri, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving from 1829 to 1831. Died August 26, 1831, aged twenty-nine years, having fallen in a duel, with Major Thomas Biddle, at St. Louis. Pettis, S. Newton ; was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1828; studied law, and came to the bar in Pennsylvania in 1848; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the United States Court for Colorado; before the close of that year he Tesigned, and returned to Pennsylvania; was subse quently elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of D. A. Finney, serving on the Committee on Elections; in 1878 was appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia, remaining there until 1880. Pettit, Charles; was a Revolutionary patriot; was a successful lawyer; was Secretary of New Jersey under Governor Franklin, and continued in that office under Governor Livingston, until called by General Greene to the Post of Assistant Quarter- Master General; at the resignation of General Greene was offered the position of Quarter-Master General, which he declined; after the close of the war, became a merchant in Philadelphia; was a member of the Legislature, and author of the funding system ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787. and an advocate for the adoption of the Federal Constitution in the General Convention at Harris- burg. Died in Philadelphia, September 4, 1806, aged sixty-nine years. Pettit, John ; was born at Sackett s Harbor, Jef ferson County, New York, July 24, 1807; received a good education; studied law; removed to Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831 ; was a member of the State Legis lature; United States District Attorney; served in the House of Representatives in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, and in the United States Senate from 1853 to 1855; in 1850 was a member of the "State Constitu tional Convention," and twice held the office of Cir cuit Judge; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; in 1859 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Chief Justice of the Federal Courts of Kansas; was a Dele gate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Pettit, John U.; was born in New York; gradu ated at Union College in 1839 ; studied law, and com menced the practice of his profession in Wabash, In diana, in 1841; went as United States Consul to Maranham, Brazil, in 1850; on his return, in 1853, was appointed Judge of the Upper Wabash Circuit Court of Indiana; was elected to Congress, as a Rep resentative from that State, in 1854; was re-elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress; was a member of the Joint Committee on the Library; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Library Committee. Peyton, Bailie ; was born in Surnner County, Tennessee; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1833 to 18:57; in 1849 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to Chili; was subsequently elected United States District At torney for Louisiana; was, for a time settled at San Francisco, California, in the practice of his profes sion, but returned to his native State; in 1861 was a Presidential Elector for the State of Tennessee; sub sequently served in the Confederate Army during the War of the Rebellion. Peyton, Joseph H.; was born in Surnner Coun ty, Tennessee, in 1813; was frequently elected to the Senate of Tennessee; held many other local positions of high character; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845, received a medical education, but abandoned that profession for politics. Died in Sum- ner County, Tennessee, November 12, 1845, having been re-elected to Congress. Peyton, Samuel O.; was born in Bullitt Coun ty, Kentucky, in 1804; received a good common school education; settled in Hartford, Kentucky, and de voted two years to the duties of a clerk; studied medicine, and graduated at Transylvania University in 1827; in 1835 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1849; was also elected to the Thirty- fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving, during his last term, as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Died in Hartford, Ken tucky, in January, 1870. Phelps, Charles E.; was born in Guilfbrd, Ver mont, May 1, 1833; removed, with his parents, to Pennsylvania in 1838, and to Maryland in 1841; graduated at Princeton College in 1852, and at the Law School of Harvard University in 1853; studied law, and came to the Maryland bar in 1855; in 1858 was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; was admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court in 1859; during that year assisted in organizing the "Mary land Guard" for municipal purposes; was chosen Captain; afterwards Major, which latter commission he resigned April 19, 1861, rather than obey an order that he deemed treasonable; in 1860 was a member of I the City Council of Baltimore; in 1862 was made ! Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volun- I teers; promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1863, and honorably discharged on account of wounds in 1864; was soon afterwards elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Naval Affairs; was, subsequently, commissioned a Brigadier-General for gallant conduct at the battle of Spottsylvania; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Expenses in the "War Department; in 1864 was one of a Commis sion to revise the Militia Laws of Maryland; was a member of the National Committee appointed to conduct the remains of President Lincoln to Illi- Phelps, Darwin; was born in East Granby, Hartford County, Connecticut; when quite young became an orphan, and went to reside with his grandparents in Portage County, Ohio; received a good education at the Western University, and after studying law in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with his kinsman, Walter Forward, settled in Armstrong County in 1835, devoting himself to the practice of his profession; in 1855 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the Chicago Conven tion of 1860; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and Public Buildings. Phelps, Edward John ; was born at Middle- bury, Vermont, July 11, 1822; read law at Yale Law School in 1842 and 1843; was admitted to the bar in Vermont, in December. 1843, and engaged in the prac tice of law at Middlebury, Vermont; was Second Comptroller of the United States Treasury from September, 1851, to May, 1853; was a member of the Vermont Constitutional Convention in 1870; was elected President of the American Bar Association in 1880; became Professor of Law in Yale College in 390 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1881; received the honorary degree of A. M. from Yale College, and the degree of LL.D. from Middle- bury College; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Extraordinary and Min ister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Great Britain. Phelps, Elisha ; was a native of Simsbury, Con necticut; bora in November, 1779; graduated at Yale Cqllege in 1800, and studied law at Litchfield; was several times a member of the House of Representa tives and of the Senate of his native State; was Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Legislature in 1821 and 1829; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 181!) to 1821, and also from 1825 to 1829; was Comptroller of the State from 1830 to 1834; in 1835 was appoiuvd one of the Commissioners to revise the statutes of Connecticut. Died at Simsbury, in April. 1847. Phelps, James; was born at Colebrook, Con necticut, January 12, 1822; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; was several times a member of the Connecticut Legislature; was elected, by the General Assembly, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court for the Constitutional term of eight years; was re-elected in 1871; in 1873 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, which office he held when elected a Representative from Con necticut to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomination. Phelps, John Smith ; was born in Simsbury. Hartford County, Connecticut, December 22, 1814; was educated at Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Connecticut, and studied law in the office of his father, Elisha Phelps; practiced law a short time in his native State; in 1837 emigrated to Mis souri, and settled at Springfield, Greene County, near which town he now resides; in 1840 was chosen by the people of Greene County to represent them in the Legislature; having been appointed Brigade-In spector in 1841, has since borne the title of Major; in 1844 was elected a Representative to the Twenty- ninth Congress, serving in that position until the close of the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was a mem her of the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the Re bellious States; was also re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress; served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1801; in 1862 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Military Governor of Arkansas; during the Thirty- fifth Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and generally served on important Committees; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National I nion Convention " of 1866; in 1867 was appointed a Commissioner to settle the War Claims of Indiana; in 1876 was elected Governor of Mis souri; in June, 1882, was tendered a position as member of the Tariff Commission, but declined to serve. Phelps, Launcelot ; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1839. Phelps, Oliver ; was born at Windsor, Connecti cut, in 1749; received a mercantile education at Suf- field, Connecticut; engaged in business at Granville, Massachusetts; during the Revolution was in the Commissary Department of that State; in 1788 pur chased, with Nathaniel Gorham, of the State of Mas sachusetts, a tract of two million two hundred thou sand acres of land, in theGenesee Country, New York, now the Counties of Steuben and Ontario: opened the first land office in America, at Canandaigua. and his system became the model for all subsequent sur veys; in 1795, was one of the purchasers of the West ern Reserve, in Ohio, comprising three million three hundred thousand acres; afterwards removed to Can andaigua; represented that district in Congress from 1803 to 1805; was a Judge of the Circuit Court; his principal associate in the Western Reserve purchase was one William Hart ; he had a son who was a mem ber of the New York Legislature from Ontario County in 1834; as a man of enterprise, his reputation was very extensive. Died in Canandaigua, February 21, 1809. Phelps, Seth L.; was born in Ohio; was educated at the United States Naval Academy, at Annapolis. Maryland, and was commissioned a Midshipman in the United States Navy; served throughout the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Captain ; in 1865 resigned his commission and entered the service of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company ; resided in i China, Japan and Mexico for several years in this connection; became V ice-President of the Company; resigned in June, 1878, to accept the appointment of Commissioner of the District of Columbia; in 1883 was appointed, by President Arthur, Envoy Extraor dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Peru. Died, at his post, shortly after enter ing upon the discharge of his duties. Phelps, Samuel S.; was born in Litchfield, Con necticut, May 13, 1793; graduated at Yale College in 1811; while studying law in 1812, entered the Ameri can army; before the close of his military career was appointed Paymaster; settled in Middlebury, and practiced law; in 1827 was a member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the address issued by that body; in 1831, was chosen a member of the Legisla tive Council of Vermont, and was soon afterwards appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, in which position he remained until 1838; was a Sen ator in Congress from 1839 to 1851, in which body he displayed abilities of a high order; in January, 1853, was appointed to the Senate in the place of William Upham, deceased, and served until October, 1854. Phelps, Timothy G.; was born in New York; removing to California, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty -seventh Congress. Phelps, William W.; was born in Oakland County, Michigan, June 1, 1826; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1846; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 184M; edited a Democratic newspaper, in Oakland County, from 1851 to 185r>- in 1852 and 1853 held the office of Commissioner for his native county, performing the duties of. Judge at Chambers; in 1854 was appointed, by President Pierce, Register of the United States Land Office at Red Wing, in Minnesota; in 1857 was elected a Rep resentative from Minnesota to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and was a member of the Committee on Mile age; in 1860 assumed the editorship of the Red Wino- Sentinel. Phelps, William Walter; was born in New York, August 24, 1839; graduated at Yale College in I860; pursued his studies in Europe, and later at Columbia College, New York; entered upon the practice of law; was a Director of the National City and Second National Banks of New York; the United States Trust, and Farmers Loan and Trust Com panies; also in various railroad companies; was made Fellow of Yale College in 1872; was elected a Repre sentative to the Forty -third Congress; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880; was appointed United States Minister to Austria in 1881 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 391 but resigned in a few months; was elected a Repre sentative from New Jersey to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth. Congress. Philips, John Finis ; was born in Boone County, Missouri. December 31, 1834; was educated at the State University of Missouri and Centre College in Kentucky, graduating at the latter institution in 1855; studied law, and began to practice in George town, Missouri, in 1857; was a member of the State Convention, in 1860, to determine the relations of the .State and Federal Government; served the tioven ment as Colonel of a Regiment of Cavalry throughout the Civil War; a part of the time was Brigade Com mander; was promoted to Brigadier-General, by the Governor, in 1864, but refused confirmation by the State Senate on political grounds; at the close of the war resumed the practice of law; in 1868 was a Del egate to the National Convention at New York; on his return home was nominated for Congress, but was defeated through mob violence; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty- fourth Congress; was elected to the Forty-sixth Con gress, in January, 1880, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of A. M. Lay. Phillips, Henry M.; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittee on Finance. Phillips, John ; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1823. Phillips, Philip ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, December 13, 1807; was educated at the Norwich Military Academy, in Vermont, and at Middletown, Connecticut; in 1825 commenced the study of law in Charleston, and on the day after at taining his majority was admitted to the bar; en tered public life by becoming a mem her of the "Nul lification Convention," in 1832, and voted with the mi nority ; in 1834 waselected, for two years, to the State Legislature; resigned in 1835; removed to Mobile, Alabama, and practiced his profession with success; in 1K>7 was elected President of the Alabama "Dem ocratic State Convention"; in 1844 was elected to the Legislature, and was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations; in 1849 was President of an "Internal Improvement Convention"; in 1851 was again elected to the Legislature ; in 1852 went to the " Baltimore Convention "; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and de clined a re-election; engaged in the practice of his profession at Washington, District of Columbia. Died there, January 14, 1884. Phillips, Stephen Clarendon; was born at Salem, Massachusetts, November 1, 1801; graduated at Harvard University in 1819, with high honors; began to study law, but soon became a merchant; from 1824 to 1829, by annual re-elections, was chosen a Representative in the State Legislature; from 1830 to 1831 was State Senator; in 1832 and 1833 was again a member of the House; from 1834 to 1838 rep resented Massachusetts in Congress; from December, 1838, to March, 1842, was Mayor of Salem, and upon his voluntary retirement devoted the whole of his salary as Mayor to the public schools of the city; in 1840 was one of the Presidential electors for Massa chusetts; in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil Candi date for Governor; held various State and private trusts, in the discharge of which, by his ability, sa gacity, experience, and integrity, he rendered signal service; was, for many years, a member of the State Board of Education, and a Trustee of the State Luna tic Hospital at Worcester; retired from public life in 1849, and was extensively engaged in the lumber business; was lost by the burning of the steamer Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, June 26, 1857, while returning from Quebec, whither he had been on business. Phillips, William A. ; was born in Paisley, Scotland, January 14, 1826; came to the United States in 1838; practiced law and edited a newspaper until 1855; went to Kansas as a writer for the New York Tribune; entered the army as Major in 1861; commanded an Indian regiment during the war in the West; was a member of the State Legislature of Kansas; was elected to the Forty-third Congress and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Phillips, William F.; was born in Virginia; in 1853 was appointed from that State Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in office until 1857. Philson, Robert; was born in Donegal, Ireland; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1821. Phister, Elijah Conner; was born atMaysville, Kentucky, October 8, 1822; graduated at Augusta College, Kentucky, in 1840; studied law, and com menced practice in 1844; was Mayor of Maysville in 1847 and 1848; was elected Circuit Judge in 1856 and served six years; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1867 to 1871; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to tl~ Forty-sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses; declined a re-nomina tion. Phoenix, J. Phillips; was born in Morristown, New Jersey; was for many years a leading merchant in New York City; served several years in the Coun cils of the city; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1845; was a member of the State Assembly in 1848, from New York City; was again in Congress from 1849 to 1851, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; in 1841 was a Presidential Elector. Died, suddenly, in New York, May 4, 1859, at an advanced age. Pickens, Andre w J. ; was born at Paxton, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1739; removed with his father, in 1752, to the Warsaw Settlement, in South Carolina; served as a volunteer in Grant s expedition against the Cherokees, and was an active military partisan during the Revolution; was a member of the State Legislature from the close of the war until 1793, when he was elected a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1795; in 1795 was commissioned Major- General of the South Carolina Militia, and was fre quently a Commissioner to treat with the Indians; it was his son who was Governor of the State from 1816 to 1817. Died in Pendleton District, South Carolina. August 17, 1817. Pickens, Francis W.; was born at Togadoo, St. Paul s Parish, South Carolina, April 7, 1807; was educated at South Carolina College: admitted to the bar in 1829, and began to practice at Edgefield District; in 1832 was a member of the State Legisla ture, and took part in the Nullification excitement; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1845; in 1836 made a speech opposing the right of Con- Tress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia; in 1844 was elected to the State Senate; was a mem ber of the Nashville Southern Convention in 1850 and 1851; presided over the State Convention in 1854; 82 BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. was a delegate to the Convention at Cincinnati in 1856; was Minister to Russia from 1857 to I860; when South Carolina seceded from the Union was chosen Governor of the State; demanded the sur render of Fort Sumter by General Anderson, and took an active part in the Rebellion; was a planter, and gave much attention to scientific agriculture. Died at Edgefield, January 25, 1869 Pickens, Israel; was born in Cabarus County, North Carolina; served one year in the State Legis lature; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1817, in which year he was appoint ed Register of the Land Office of Mississippi Territory ; on removing to Alabama was elected Governor of that State in 1821; in 1826 was a Senator in Congress from Alabama. Pickering 1 , John ; was born at Newington, New Hampshire, September 22, 1737; graduated at Har vard University in 1761; was a lawyer and jurist; a member of the Convention which framed the Consti tution of New Hampshire; in 1787 was elected a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, but declined; was a Judge of the Su preme Court of New Hampshire from 1790 f o 1795, and was at one time Chief Justice; was subsequently Judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire, but his reason became impaired and he was removed from office in 1804. Died at Ports mouth, April 11, 1805. Pickering, Timothy ; was born in Salem, Mas sachusetts, July 17, 1745; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1763, and after the usual course of profes sional studies, was admitted to the practice of the law ; when the dissensions between the mother coun try and our own commenced, he became the cham pion and leader of the Whigs of the quarter where he lived ; was a member of the Committees of Inspec tion and Correspondence, and bore the entire burden of writing; the addresses which, in 1774, the inhab itants of Salem, in full town meeting, voted to Gov ernor Gage, on the occasion of the Boston Port Bill, proceeded from his pen; a part of it, disclaiming any wish on the part of the inhabitants of Salem to profit by the closing of the port of Boston, is quoted by Dr Ramsay, in his history of the American Revolu tion; in April, 1775, on receiving intelligence of the battle of Lexington, he inarched with a regiment, of which he was at the time Commander, to Charles- town, but had not an opportunity of coming to ac tion; before the close of the same year, when the pro visional government was organizing, was appointed one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, his native county, and sole Judge of the Mari time Court for the Middle District, comprehending Boston, Salem, and the other ports in Essex; these offices he held until he accepted an appointment in the army; in 1777 was named Adjutant-General, by Washington, and joined the army, then at Middle- brook, New Jersey; continued with the Commander- in-Chief until the American forces went into winter Quarters at Valley Torge, having been present at the attics of Brandy wine and Germantown; then pro ceeded to discharge the duties of a member of the Continental Board of War, to which he had been elected by Congress; in this station he remained un til he was appointed to succeed General Greene in the office of (Quartermaster-General, .which he re tained during the residue of the war, and in which he contributed much to the surrender of Corn wall is at Yorktown; from 1790 to 1794 was charged by President Washington, with several negotiations with the Indian nations on our frontiers; in 1791 was m;ide Irostmu.ster-General; in 1794 removed from that station to the Secretaryship of War, on the resigna tion of General Knox; in 1795 was appointed Secre tary of State in the place of Edmund Randolph; from that office he was removed, by President Adams, in 1800; attheend of the year 1801 returned to Massachu setts; in 1803 the Legislature of that State elected him a Senator in Congress, for the residue of the term of Dwight Foster, who had resigned, and in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term of six years; after its expiration, in 1811, was chos en, by the Legislature, a member of the Executive Council; during the War of 1812 was appointed a member of the Board of War for the defense of the State; in 1814 was returned to Congress, and held his seat until March, 1817; then finally retired to private life. His death took place January 29, 1829. In public life he was distinguished for energy, ability, and disinterestedness; as a soldier he was brave and patriotic, and his writings bear ample testimony to his talents and information; he was one of the leaders of the Federal party of the United States. In 1867 his life was published by his son Octavius. Pickering, William; was born in England; emigrated to Illinois; in 1861 was appointed from that State Governor of the Territory of Washing ton, residing in Olympia, serving in office until 1867. Pickett, James O. ( was born in Fauquier Coun ty, Virginia. February 6, 1793; removed, with his parents, to Mason County, Kentucky, in 1796; re ceived a superior education, and was fitted for public service at an early age; in the War of 1812 was an officer in the United States Artillery; served also in the army from 1818 to 1821; resigned, and returned to Mason County, where he commenced the practice of law; was editor of the Ifaym-ilh Enyle in 1815; was a member of the Legislature in 182.2; Secretary of the State from 1825 to 1828; was Secretary of Legation to Columbia from 1829 to 1833; a portion of that time acted as Charge d Affaires; was Commis sioner of the United States Patent Office in 1835; was Fourth Auditor of the Treasury from 1835 to 1833; was Minister to Ecuador in 1838; Charge d 1 Affaires to Peru from 1838 to 1845, was, for a few years, editor of the Congressional Globe, at Washington, in which city he died July 10, 1872. Pickett, John C.; was born in Virginia; in 1836 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, re maining in office until 1838. Pickman, Benjamin ; was born in 1763; grad uated at Cambridge in 1784; visited Europe; on his return studied law; though admitted to the bar, abandoned the profession; devoting himself to mer cantile pursuits; in 1800 was elected to the State Legislature; was elected a State Senator, and was re- elected a number of years; in 1807 became a member of the Executive Council; was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1811; in 1820 was a mem ber of the Convention for revising the State Constitu tion; also held many other offices of trust and honor. Died at Salem, Massachusetts, in August, 1843. Pidcock, James Nelson ; was born at White House, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, February 8, 1836; received a district school education; was en gaged in civil engineering from 1850 to 1857; in 18.".7 became a farmer and dealer in live stock; was State Senator from 1877 to 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty -ninth Congress. Pierce, Benjamin; was born at Clemsford Mas sachusetts, December 25, 1757; his early years were BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1593 spent on a farm; joined the Revolutionary Array after the battle of Lexington, and remained in it through the war; was at Bunker Hill and Bemis Heights; served as Ensign, Lieutenant, and Brigadier- General; from 1789 to 1802 was a member of the General Council; Chancellor from 1803 to 1809, and again from 1814 to 1818; was High Sheriff from 1809 to 1814, and again from 1818 to 1823; was Governor from 18-27 to 1829. Died at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, April 1, 1839. He was the father of Franklin Pierce, President of the United States. Pierce, Benjamin ; was born in Salem, Massa chusetts, April 4, 1809; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1829; after teaching school in Northamp ton, was appointed tutor in mathematics at Cam bridge in 1831; Professor of Mathemathics and Natural Philosophy in 1833; was Perkin s Professor of Astronomy from 1842 to 1847; was Consulting Astronomer to "The American Epl eiiieiis and Nautical Almanac " from its establishment in 1849; was a member of the Royal Society of London from 1852; President of the American Institution for the Advancement of Science in 1853; one of the Council which established Dudley Observatory in 1855; Super intendent of the United States Coast Survey from 18(57 to 1874; was a contributor to several scientific journals; published several valuable text-books from 183(5 to 1846; "Treatise on Analytic Mechanics"; "Associative Algebra": "Theory of the Tails of Comets"; methods of investigating terrestrial longi tudes in the " Report of the Superintendent of Coast Survey " ; also " Criterion for the Rejection of Doubt ful Observations ; discovered and announced the fluidity of Saturn s rings in 1851 ; prepared a volume of lunar tables for the Nautical Almanac; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of North Carolina in 1847. Pierce, Charles W.; was bom in New York in 1823; was a Lieutenant in the Illinois Volunteers soon after the commencement of the Rebellion ; set tled in Alabama in 1867; in 1868 was elected a Rep resentative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Interior Depart ment. Pierce, Franklin ; was born in the town of Hillsboro, New Hampshire, in 1804; after complet ing his academic studies, entered Bowdoin College, Maine; on leaving college, commenced his legal studies at Northampton, Massachusetts, but subse quently returned to his native State, and finished his studies at Amherst; was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession in his native town; before the end of two years was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature, and during his second year s service was chosen Speaker of the House; in 1832 was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Twenty-third Congress; in 1834 was re-elected to the Twenty-fourth Congress; in 1837 was elected a member of the United States Senate; after five years service in that body, re signed his seat: settled in Concord, New Hampshire, and resumed practice at the bar; adhered to his resolution of accepting no political office, refusing to be a candidate for Governor of the State, or United States Senator, and declining the offices of Attorney- General and Secretary of War, which were tendered him by President Polk; on the breaking out of the Mexican War, however, he enrolled himself as a private soldier in the New England Regiment, but President Polk sent him a Colonel s commission, and subsequently, in March, 1847, raised him to the rank of Brigadier-General; was in most of the battles which were fought between Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico; on the restoration of peace between the two countries, resigned his commission and returned home, where he remained, comparatively unobserved, until 1852, when he was nominated as the Demo cratic candidate for the Presidency; was elected President of the United States in November, 1852; was inaugurated March 4, 1853, and served to the end of his term, after which he retired to private life. The best biography of him was written by his personal friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Died in Con cord, New Hampshire, October 8, 1869. Pierce, Gilbert A.; was born in Cattaraugus County, New York, January 11, 1838; settled in Porter County, Indiana, in 1856; entered the Law Department of the University at Chicago in 1859, and remained until the fall of 1860, when he was admit ted to the bar, and opened a law office at Valparaiso, Indiana; enlisted as a private in Company H., Ninth Indiana Volunteers, in April, 1861, and was elected Second Lieutenant; was appointed a Captain and Bjigade Quartermaster, by President Lincoln, May 3, 1861; in the fall of 1862 was promoted a Lieuten ant-Colonel, and assigned to duty as Chief Quarter master of the Thirteenth Army Corps, then stationed in Texas; in 1864 was made Colonel and Inspector; resigned October 5, 1865, and resumed the practice of law at Valparaiso. Indiana; in 1868 was elected a Representative in the Indiana Legislature; in 1869 was appointed one of the Financial Clerks of the United States Senate, which position he resigned in 1872 to accept an editorial position on the Chicago Inter-Ocean; was made managing editor of that paper in 1876, and remained in editorial charge until 1881, when he was tendered, and accepted, the position of Chief Editorial Writer on the Chicago Daily News; was the author of the Dickens Dictionary, issued by James R. Osgood, Boston, and of two novels of a political character, as well as a number of plays; in June, 1884, was appointed, by President Arthur, Governor of the Territory of Dakota. Pierce, Henry Lillie ; was born at Stoughton, Massachusetts, August 23, 1825; received a thorough English education; was a manufacturer; was a mem ber of the State House of Representatives in 1860, 1861, 1862, and 1866; was an Alderman of the city of Boston in 1870 and 1871; was Mayor of Boston in 1873; was elected a Representative from Massachu setts to the Forty-third Congress to fill a vacancy; in 1874 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Levees. Pierce, Joseph ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Hampshire during the years 1801 and 1802. Pierce, Ray Vaughn ; was born in Stark, Her- kimer County, New York, August 6, 1840; received a common school education; studied medicine, gradu ating in 1863; practiced at Titusville, Pennsylvania, until 1867, when he removed to Buffalo, New York, and established an infirmary; was elected to the State Senate in 1877; resigned in 1879; in 1878 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth Congress. Pierce, Rice A.; was born at Dresden, Tennes see, July 3, 1848; .received an academic education; studied law. and was admitted to the bar at Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1868; in 1869 commenced the practice of law at Union City, Tennessee; in 1874 was elected District Attorney-General of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of the State; in 1878 was re-elected for the full term of eight years; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-eighth Congress. 394 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Pierce, Robert B. F.; was born at Laurel, In diana, February 15, 184:5; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; graduated at Wa- bash College in 1866; studied law; entered upon its practice at Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1867; was Prosecuting Attorney from 16(58 to 1874; in 1880 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- seventh Congress. Pierce, "William; served in the Revolutionary XVar as an Aid-de-camp to General Greene, and for his services a sword was presented to him by the old Congress; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Conti nental Congress; was a member of tin- Convention which framed the Federal Constitution; while in Congress wrote his impressions of the men who served in that body, which were long afterwards published in a Savannah paper. Pierpont, Francis H. ; was a native of Vir ginia; was Governor of that State from 1864 to 1868. Pierrepont, Edwards; was born in North Haven, Connecticut, March 4, 1817; graduated at Yale College in 1837, and at the New Haven Law School ; practiced law in Columbus, Ohio, from 1840 to 1845, and subsequently in Xew York City, where he became eminent in his profession; was Judge of the New York Supreme Court from 1857 to 18(50; in 1862 was^ made a member of the Military Commission for the trial of prisoners of State; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1869 to July, 1870; was a Democrat in 1861, but became a Republican, and supported the re-election of Mr. Lincoln; also aided in the election of General Grant; was appointed, by him, Attorney-General of the United States, May 15, 1875: was one of the prosecuting counsel in the trial of Surratt for the assassination of President Lincoln; did much by his pen to expose the corruptions of the Government; was an active member of the "Com mittee of Seventy"; was, for several years, identi fied with the Texas and Pacific Railroad; in 187G was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Great Britain. Pierson, Isaac; was born in New Jersey. An gust 15, 1770; was educated at Princeton College graduating in 1789; was subsequently a fellow of the College of Surgeons and Physicians of New York- practiced medicine for forty years; was a Representa tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1827 to 1831 Died in New Jersey, September 22, 1833. Pierson, Jeremiah H. ; was born in Essex County, New Jersey; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1821 to 1823. Pierson, Job ; was a Representative in Congress from Xew York from 1831 to 1835. Died April 9 I860, aged sixty-nine years. Pike, Austin P.; was bora at Hebron New Hampshire, October 16, 1819; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1850, 1851, 1852 1865 and 1866 and Speaker during the last two years; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was a member of the New Hampshire Senate in 1857 and 1858, and was I resident of the Senate in the latter year- was a Del egate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1856- was Chairman of the Republican State Committee in 1858 and 18o9; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty-third Congress- in 1883 was elected a United States Senator from New Hampshire for the term of six years from March 4, 1883. Died October 8, 1886. Pike, Frederick A.; was born at Calais, Maine, where he always resided; was, for several years, a member of the Maine Legislature, serving one term as Speaker of the House of Representatives; adopted the profession of the law; was, for several years, At torney for the county in which he lived; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on his old commit tees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in the State Department; was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln ta Illinois, and Chairman of the Special Committee on the Murders in South Car olina; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction as well as on his old committees. Pike, James ; was born in Salisbury, Massachu setts, in November, 1818; was educated at the Wes- leyan University, in Connecticut; was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1841 to 1854; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. Pike, James S.; was a citizen of Maine; in 1851 was appointed Minister Resident to Mexico, where he remained until 1866. Pile, William A.; was born near Indianapolis, Indiana, February 11, 1829; received a good English and classical education; was a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a member of the Missouri Conference at the commencement of the Re bellion; in 1861 joined the Missouri Volunteers as Chaplain; in 1862 had command of a battery of Artil lery as Captain; was soon afterwards promoted to the rank of Colonel of Infantry; in 18.53 was appointed a Brigadier-General of United States Volunteers; was in the Missouri campaign under General Lyon; was with Generals Grant and Halleck at Corinth; was also at Vicksburg and near Mobile, and his command was the first to break the enemy s line at the capture of Fort Blakely; in 186(5 was elected a Representa tive from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Union Prisoners and Military Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expen ditures in the Post Office Department; in 1869 was appointed Governor of New Mexico; in 1871 was ap pointed Minister Resident to Venezuela. Pillsbury, John S.; was born in New Hamp shire, m 1827; received a good education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1854 removed to Minnesota and settled at the Falls of St. Anthony; engaged in business as a hardware merchant; was, for twelve years, a member of the Minnesota State Senate- in 1864 was President of the Board of Regents of the State University of Minnesota; in 1877 was elected Governor of Minnesota, and in 1880 was re-elected serving until January, 1884. Pilsbury, Timothy; was born in Newbury Massachusetts, April 12, 1789; received a common school education; spent two years as a clerk in a store, and several subsequent years as a sailor and sting trader, making one trip to Europe as captain BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS of a brig; settled in Maine; was appointed a member of the Executive Council; also served in the State Legislature; went from Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisiana, and finally to Texas; served a number of years in the Senate and House of Representatives o Texas, and, when that Eepublic came into the Union was elected a Representative in Congress from 184d to 1849. Died near Danville, Texas, November 23, 1858. Pinckney, Charles; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1758; was a patriot in the Revolu tionary struggle: was taken prisoner, and sent to St. Augustine, Florida; served in the Provincial Legis lature; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785; received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College in 1787; in the same year was a Delegate to the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument; was Pres ident of the State Convention which ratified the Fed eral Constitution; was Governor of South Carolina from 1789 to 1792, and from 1796 to 1798; was a Sen ator in Congress from 1798 to 1801 ; in 1801 was ap pointed, by President Jefferson, Minister to Spain, holding that position until 1805; served in the State Legislature in 1810 and 1812; was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1821. Died October 2. 1824. Pinckney, Charles Cotes-worth ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, February 525, 1746; was educated at Westminster and Oxford, England; read aw at the Temple, London, and passed nine months n the Royal Military Academy, Caen, France; in i769 established himself in Charleston, South Caro- ina, in the practice of law; was a member of the first Provincial Congress of South Carolina in 1775; was a Captain, and soon after Colonel of the First South Carolina Regiment; after the successful de fense of Fort Moultrie, joined the Northern army, and was an Aid to Washington at Brandywine and Jermantown; in 1778 took part in the expedition to ^lorida; in 1779 was President oi i he South Carolina Senate; defended Charleston against General Provost ; listinguished himself during the invasion of Georgia and Savannah; was made prisoner in 1780 at the surrender of Charleston; after the war resumed the >ractice of law; was a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution; declined uccessively the positions of Judge of United States Supreme Court, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State, tendered him by President Washington; was Major-General of State Militia; in 1796 was Min ster to France; was ordered to quit the French Ter- itory by the French Directory, who would not eceive conciliatory propositions from the United States; withdrew to Amsterdam in 1797; on his re- nrn home was made Major-General ; WJT* a candidate or the Vice-Presidency in 1800; w T as the author ol he famous sentiment: "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." Died in Charleston, Aug ust 16, 1825. Pinckney, Henry Laurens ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, September 24, 1794; ;raduated at the South Carolina College in 1812; tudied law with his brother-in-law, Robert Y. layne; was admitted to the bar; was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1832; was Mayor of Charleston in 1832, and in 1839 and 1840; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1833 to 1837; was subsequently Collector of the Port, and a member of the Legislature; was editor of the Charleston Mercury in 1819; was a prominent leader in the State Rights party; was the author of " Me moirs of Jonathan Maxey," "Robert Y. Hayne," and "Andrew Jackson"; was the son of Governor Charles Pinckney. Died in Charleston, February 3 r 1863. Pinckney, Thomas ; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, October 23, 1750; was educated in England with his brother Charles; studied law in the Temple, London, England; was admitted to the bar in 1770; joining the Continental Army, rose to the rank of Major; served as Aid to General Lincoln, and afterwards to Count D Estaing, at the siege of Sa vannah in 1779; distinguished himself in the battle at Stone Ferry; was Aid to General Gates, at Cam- den, in 1780; during 1 resident Washington s admin istration, was offered the position of Judge of the United States Court, which he declined; was Gover nor of South Carolina from 1787 to 1789; was Min ister to Great Brjtain from 1792 to 1794; in the latter year went on a mission to Spain, where he made the treaty of St. Ildefonso, securing to the United State* the free navigation of the Mississippi; in 1796 re turned to Charleston; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801; in 1812 President Madison appointed him to the command of the Sixth Military District; his last field service was at the battle of Horse-Shoe Bend, where the power of the Creek Indians was broken. Died in Charleston, No vember 2, 1828. Pindall, James ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. Pindar, John S.; was born at Sharon, Scho- harie County, New York, November 18, 1835; was educated in the common schools of the county, and at Richmond ville Seminary; in 1854 went to Chi cago, Illinois, and became a clerk in a store, remain ing there four years; then went to Des Moines, Iowa, for one year, and to La Porte, Indiana, for one year, after which he resumed his residence in Schoharie County, New York ; in 1862 commenced the study of law at Lawyersville, Schoharie County; in May, 1865, was admitted to the bar as an attorney and counselor at law; in 1868 was elected the first Police Justice of the village of Cobleskill, New York, serv ing two years; in 1872 was elected Trustee of the village, in whic .i position he continued to serve until January, 1882, when he was elected President of the village; was, annually, twice re-elected ; in 1879 wa* elected President of the Schoharie Union Anti-Horse- Thief Society, and was annually re-elected; in 1875- was elected Chairman of the Democratic County Com mittee, in which position he continued by annual re- elections; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Pingree, Samuel Everett ; was born at Salis- mry. New Hampshire, August 2, 1832; received a, Common school and academic education, as a pre- iminary, and graduated from Dartmouth College, in. the class of 1857; immediately after graduation be- the study of law with his cousin at Bethel, Ver mont; was admitted to the bar of Windsor County, Vermont, in December, 1859, and at once entered upon he practice of law at Hartford, Vermont; in 1861 en- isted in Company F, Third Regiment Vermont Vol unteers, and was elected First Lieutenant; served in he Army of the Potomac until his regiment wa mustered out of service in 1864, and was successively )romoted Captain, Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel;, after being commissioned a field officer, was much of ;he time in command of a regiment, by special as signment; during a part of the winter of 186:5-64, was- n command of the famous First Vermont Brigade; 396 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. was severely wounded before Yorktown, Virginia; at the close of his service in the field, was commissioned to raise a regiment for the protection of the Northern border of Vermont against invasion by Confederate refugees in Canada, at the time of the " St. Albans Raid," and was commissioned Colonel of the regi ment; at the close of the Civil War, resumed the practice of his profession at Hartford, Vermont; was twice elected State s Attorney for Windsor County, 1 Vermont; in 1882 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, serving two years; in 1884 was elected Governor of Vermont for a term of two years; in 1886 was appointed Chairman of the Board of Rail road Commissioners of Vermont. Pinkney, William ; was born at Annapolis, Maryland, March 17, 1764; prepared himself for the bar, under the instruction of Judge Chase; was ad mitted to practice in 1786, and immediately gave promise of distinction; was a member of the Conven tion which ratified the Federal Constitution; from 1789 to 1792 was a Representative in Congress; was then a member of the Executive Council, and made its President; in 1795 was a member of the State Legislature; in 1796 was a Commissioner under Jay s Treaty, in conjunction with Mr. Gore, and remained in London eight years; recovered, for Maryland, a claim on the Bank of England for $800,000; in 1806 was Envoy Extraordinary to England, and in 1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe, was made Minister Plenipotentiary: returned to the United States, and settled in Baltimore in 1811; was soon after a mem ber of the State Senate; in December, 1811, was ap pointed Attorney-General, and remained in that position until 1814; commanded a battalion of rifle men, and was wounded at Bladensburg, Maryland, in August, 1814; was a Representative in Congress in 1815 and 1816; was then made Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples; on his return, in 1819, was elected a member of the United States Senate, and continued in that station until his death, February 25, 1822. He possessed splendid talents, and was one of the most accomplished oiators and statesmen of his time. Pinney, Daniel H.; was born at Albion, New York, June 2, 1837; received a common school edu cation; removed to Illinois in 1856; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1861, and engaged in practice; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1876 and 1877; in 1883 was appointed Associate Jus tice of the Supreme Court of Arizona. Piper, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813. Piper, William A.; was born in Franklin Coun ty, Pennsylvania, in 1825; at the outbreak of the Mexican War, volunteered in the military service and acquitted himself with credit as a soldier; removed to California in 1849, while it was yet a Territory, and settled in San Francisco; in 1874 was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-fourth Congress. Pirce, William A.; was born at Scituate, Rhode Island, February 29, 1824; attended district schools, and worked in the mills and on the farm, alternately, until eighteen years old; then attended the Smith- field Seminary for nine months; after that taught school for about a year; was then employed to take charge of the Simmonsville factory store, buying and selling goods and keeping the books; in 1854 com menced the manufacture of cotton goods on his own account, and continued in the business until 1863; in 1855 was elected a State Senator; in 1858, and again in 1862, was elected a Representative in the Rhode Island Legislature; in 1862 was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Second District of Rhode Island, which position he held until the office was abolished in May, 1873; then devoted his attention to farming, interspersed with political and official duties; in 1879 was again elected a member of the State House of Representatives, and was re-elected in 1880 and 1881; in 1882 was again elected State Senator; was Chairman of the Rhode Island Delegation to the Re publican National Convention in 1880, and a mem ber of the Republican National Committee in 1880 and 1884; was a member of the Republican State Committee for twenty-two years, and its Chairman for fourteen years; in the District Convention of 1880, to nominate a candidate for the Forty-seventh Congress, he had a plurality of votes until the sixty- eighth ballot, when he withdrew his name and nomin ated the successful candidate; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Forty-ninth Congress. Pitcher, Nathaniel; was born at Litchfield, Connecticut; was a member of the New York Legis lature in 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817; was a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention " of 1821; in 1828 was Lieutenant-Governor and Acting Gov ernor of the State; was subsequently Commissioner to survey the State roads; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1831 to 1833. Pitkin, Timothy; was born at Farmington, Connecticut, in 1765; graduated at Yale College in 1785; was, for several years, a member of the State Legislature; was Speaker of the House during five sessions; was a Representative in Congress from 1805 to 1819; in 1810 published a "Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States," and in 1828 his " Political and Civil History of the United States from 1763 to the Close of Washington s Ad ministration." Died in New Haven, December 18. 1847. Pitkin, William ; was a native of Connecticut; was a member of the Council in 1734; was appointed a Judge of the State Court in 1741 ; was Lieutenant- Governor and Chief Justice from 1754 to 1766; in 1754 was one of the Delegates to the Convention at Albany, and was one of the Committee appointed to prepare the plan of Union, which was adopted; was Governor of Connecticut from 1766 to 176i). Died in East Hartford, Connecticut, October 1, 1769. Pitman, Charles W.; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851. Pitman, John; was born in Rhode Island in 1784; was, for forty years, Judge of the United States District Court in that State. Died in Providence, November 17, 1864. Plaisted, Harris M.; was born in Jefferson, New Hampshire, November 2, 1828; after his boy hood he worked upon his father s farm and taught school until 1849; graduated at the Waterville Col lege in Maine, in 1853; afterwards was again con nected with schools; graduated at the Albany Law School in 185.">; cam to the bar in 1856, residing in Maine; in 1861 entered the Volunteer service as Lieutenant-Colonel; as Co ouel participated in all the battles between Yorktown and Malvern Hill; commanded a brigade at Charleston ; was with Gen eral Grant before Richmond ; became a Major-General BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. by brevet; served two years in the New Hampshire Legislature; was a Delegate to the National Re publican Convention of 1868; was Attorney-General for Maine from 1873 to 1875; was elected a Repre- i sentative from that State to the Forty-fourth Con- ! gress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of i Samuel F. Hersey ; was Governor of Maine from 1881 to 1883. Plant, David ; was a native of Stratford, Cor necticut; graduated at Yale College in 1804; in 181U and 1820 was Speaker of the State House of Repre sentatives; in 1821 a member of the State Senate; was twice re-elected; from 1823 to 1827 was Lieuten- ant-Governor of the State; from 1827 to 1829 was a- Representative in Congress from Connecticut. Died October 18, 1851. Plants, Tobias A.; was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811; was self-educated; taught school for several years; studied law and came to the bar in 1841 ; practiced the profession of the law in Ohio ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature from 1858 to 1861; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Mileage, and War Debts < f the Loyal States; was a Delegate to the " Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Plater, George; was born in Maryland in 1736; graduated at William and Mary College in 1753; studied law; was Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1778 to 1781 ; was President of the Con vention which ratified the Federal Constitution; was Governor of Maryland in 1792. Died at Annapolis, Maryland, February 10, 1792. Plater, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1801 to 1805. Platt, James H., Jr.; was born in Canada, of American parents, July 13, 1837; was reared in Bur lington, Vermont; studied medicine; graduated from the medical department of the Vermont University in 1859; in 1861 raised two companies for the army, and entered the service as Captain in the Fourth Regiment Vermont Volunteers; was in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac; for gallant conduct at Fredericksburg, in 1862, was tendered a position on the Staff of Major-General Smith; continued as Aid and Chief Quartermaster of the Sixth Corps until after the death of Major-General Sedgwick ; was taken prisoner in 1864; settled in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1865; was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1867; served in the City Council of Petersburg; was a member of the Board of Education for that city; was a Director of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad; was President of the People s Savings Bank of Petersburg; was elected a Representative to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Af fairs, and as Chairman of that on Public Buildings and Grounds. Platt, Jonas ; was Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1799 to 1801. Died in Peru, Clinton County, New York, in 1834. Platt, Orville H. ; was born at Washington, Con necticut, July 19, 1827; received an academic educa tion; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849, and commenced practice at Meriden, Connecticut: was Clerk of the State Senate in 1855 and 1856; was Secretary of the State in 1857; was a State Senator in 1861 and 1862; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 18G4 and 1869, serving the latter year as Speaker; was elected a Senator of the United States from Connecticut for the term of six years from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was re-elected for a second term, ending March 3, 1891. Platt, Thomas C.; was born in Owego, New- York, July 15, 1833; received an academic education in Owego; was a member of Yale College, but with drew on account of ill-health ; followed mercantile busi ness ; was President of the Tioga National Bank, and engaged in lumbering in Michigan; was Clerk of the County of Tioga in 1859, I860, and 1861; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty -fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was elected United States Senator from New York for the term of six years from March 4, 1881 ; resigned in June, 1881. Platt, Zephaniah ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Pleasanton, Stephen; was born in Delaware; in 1817 was appointed Fifth Auditor in the Treasury Department, and held the office until his death, which occurred in Washington in 1855. Pleasants, James; was born in Virginia in 1769; was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1819; was United States Senator from 3819 to 1822; was Governor of Virginia from 1822 to 1825; was a member of the Convention of 1829 and 1830 for Amending the State Constitution; was twice ap pointed to the bench, but declined, from a distrust of his own qualifications; was a man of rare modesty, greatly respected and esteemed for public and private virtues. Died in Goochland County, November 9, 1836. Plumb, Preston B.; was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 12, 1837; received a common school education ; became a printer; in 1856 removed to Kansas; was a member of the Constitutional Con vention of 1859; was admitted to the bar in 1881; was a Representative in the Legislature in 1862; sub sequently Reporter of the Supreme Court of the State; later in that year entered the Union Army as a Lieu tenant, and served throughout the war, attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ; was again a Representa tive in the State Legislature in 1867 and 1868, serv ing as Speaker in 1867; was elected a Senator of the United States from Kansas for the term of six years from March 4, 1877; in 1881 was re-elected for an other term. Plumb, Ralph ; was born at Busti, Chautauqua County. New York, March 29, 1816; at the age of four years was taken, by his parents, to Ohio, set tling at Hartford. Trumbnll County; his boyhood was passed in the trials and privations incident to a life of poverty in a new country; his education was gleaned at the country schools and ceased when, at the age of fourteen, he became a clerk in a country store, in which position he remained for seven years; at the age of twenty-one joined his brother in a mer cantile enterprise in Ashtabula County, in which he remained for years, then returning to his former em ployer as manager and serving as such for two years; at the expiration of this period became a partner in the business and so continued for twelve years; on leaving this business he was, in 1854, elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature and served three sessions; during this period studied law and was ad mitted to the bar, and, at its close, entered upon the 898 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. practice of the law at Oberlin, Ohio; in 1859, while residing here, he. with a number of others, was in dicted for violating the fugitive slave law, and was imprisoned in the jail of Cuyahoga County for eighty- four days, when the force of public opinion caused the District Attorney to enter nolle prosequis in all the cases; in 1861 accepted the tender of a commission as Captain and Assistant Quartermaster of Volunteers in the Union Army, and was ordered to duty on the staff of General James A. Garfield; after two years of field service, was ordered on duty at Camp Denison, Ohio, because of disability, and remained there until the close of the war: was then bre vetted Lieu tenant-Colonel for long and meritorious service; in 1866 removed to Illinois, and, in company with a number of capitalists, purchased several thousand acres of "wild" coal lands; as Managing Director and Secretary and Treasurer of the Syndicate, he de veloped the lands, founded the town of Streator, and aided in the building of railroads which now furnish rapid communication in all directions; in 1882 was elected Mayor of Streator without an opposing vote, and continued in that office until May, 1885; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-ninth Congress; he took a great interest in the education of the masses, and erected in Streator at his own expense, and presented to the city, a high Bchool building costing forty thousand dollars. Plumer, Arnold; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843; was subsequently ap pointed United States Marshal for the Western Dis trict of Pennsylvania. Plumer, George ; was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1827. Plumer, William ; was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, June 25, 1759; received a good edu cation; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1787; was, for many years. Solicitor for the County oi Rockingham; was, for eight years, a member of the State Legislature, two years Speaker of the House; served as a member and President of the State Senate; was a Senator in Congress from 1802 to 1807; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1813 and from 1816 to 1819. Died at Epping, New Hampshire, December 27, 1850. Plumer, William; was born at Epping. New Hampshire, in 1790; graduated at the Cambridge University in 1809; studied law, but never practiced the profession; frequently served in the State Legis lature; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1819 to 1825; was a Presidential Elector in 1820; was a member of the Convention to form a new State Constitution in 1850. Died September 18, 1854. Was the son and namesake of William Plnmer, who was a United States Senator in 1802. Plummer, Franklin E.; was at one time a Judge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1835. Died at Jackson, Mississippi Sep tember 24, 1852. Poehler, Henry; was born at Lippe-Detmold Germany, August 22, 1833; received a common school education; emigrated to the United States in 148, and settled in Iowa; in 1853 removed to Min nesota; engaged in mercantile pursuits; was elected a Representative in the first Legislature of Minne sota after its admission as a State, in 1857 and 1858 and again in 1865; was a State Senator in 1872 and 1873, and in 1876 and 1877; was elected a Repre sentative from Minnesota to the Forty-sixth Con gress. Poindexter, George; was born in London County, Virginia, in 1779; studied law; in 1802 re moved to the Territory of Mississippi, where he was made Attorney-General; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory from 1807 to 1813, when he was appointed Federal Judge of the Territory; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819; was the second Governor of Mississippi under the State Con stitution, from 1819 to 1821; was a United States Senator from Mississippi from 1830 to 1835, serving for a time as President pro tern, of the Senate; lived for a time in Louisville, Kentucky, but returned to Missis sippi; published a Revised Code of the Laws of that State: killed a merchant named Abij ah Hunt in a duel; was noted for his ability and bitter partisanship. Died in Jackson, Mississippi, September 5, 1853. Poinsett, Joel B.; was born in Statesburg, South Carolina, in 1779; spent the most of his youth in traveling in foreign countries; was a Representa tive in Congress from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1825; was appointed, by President John Quincy Adams, United States Minister to Mexico; was Sec retary of War under President Van Buren; from 1840 until his death he lived in retirement; he was a man of letters, and among other things wrote an interest ing book on Mexico. Died in Statesburg, South Carolina, December 14, 1851. Poland, Luke P.; was born in Westford, Chit- tenden County, Vermont, November 1, 1815; received a good common school and academic education; com menced the study of law when eighteen years of age. and was admitted to the bar in 1836; was Register of Probate for Lamoille County, Vermont, in 1839 and 1840 ; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1843; was Prosecuting Attorney for La moille County in 1844 and 1845; in 1848 was elected, by the Legislature, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont, which office he continued to hold by annual elections until November, 1865, when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of Jacob Collamer, whose term would have expired in 1867; just before his ap pointment to the Senate had been re-elected to the Supreme Bench, upon whir 1 he held the position of Chief Justice, to which he was promoted in 18(>0; the committees upon which he served in the Senate were those on the Judiciary, and Patents and the Patent Office; his appointment to the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was subsequently elected a Representative from Vermont to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu tion, and as Chairman of the Committees on Revision of the Laws of the United States, and Unfinished Business; was re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty- second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chair man of the Committees on the Revision of Laws and the Affairs of Arkansas, in 1874 and 1875; was also elected a Representative to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Polk, Charles ; was born in Kent County, Dela ware, in 1787; served in the State Senate; was Regis ter of Wills for a long time; was Collector of Customs ; was twice Governor of the State, once by election, and once by substitution as Speaker of the Senate. Died October 28, 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Polk, James Knox ; was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795 ; removed, with his father, to Tennessee in 1806, and lived in the valley of Duck River, a branch of the Cumber land; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1815; studied law in Tennessee with Felix Grundy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1839, and was Speaker in that body from 1835 to 1837; in 1839 was elected Gov ernor of Tennessee for two years; in December, 1844, the Electors chose him President of the United States; during his eventful administration the Ore gon question was settled, Texas was annexed, war with Mexico was declared, and New Mexico and Cali fornia were acquired. Died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. Polk, Trusten; was born in Sussex County, Del aware, May 29, 1811; graduated at Yale College in 1831 ; studied law at the Yale Law School ; in 1835 emigrated to Missouri, where he commenced the practice of his profession; in 1845, while absent from Missouri for the benefit of his health, was elected a member of the Convention called to remodel the State Constitution; in 1848 was a Presidential Elector; in 1856 was elected Governor of Missouri, and inaug urated January, 1857, but soon resigned for a seat in the United States Senate, to which he was elected 1 or a term of six years from March 4, 1857; was a member of the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Claims; was expelled for disloyalty, January 10, 1862. Polk, William H.; was born in Manry County, Tennessee, May 24, 1815; was educated at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the University of Tennes see; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1841 and 1843 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; was appointed, by Presi dent Tyler, Charge a Affaires to Naples, where he ne gotiated a treaty with the Two Sicilies; served in the Mexican War as a Major of Dragoons; was a Dele gate to the Nashville Convention in 1850; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Tennessee from 1851 to 1853; was a brother of President Polk; was opposed to the great Rebellion. Died at Nashville, December 16, 1862. Pollard, Henry M.; was bom at Plymouth, Vermont, June 14, 1836; received an academic edu cation and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1857; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion; in 1865 removed to Chillicothe, Missouri, and practiced law; was elected to the Forty-fifth Con gress as a Representative from Missouri. Pollard, Richard ; was born in Albemarle Coun ty, Virginia; was well educated and fond of military studies; was Charge d Affaires to Chili from 1834 to 1842. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, February 19, 1851. Pollock, James ; was born in Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1831 ; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1843 to 1849; was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1855 to 1858; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861; in that year was appointed, by President Lincoln, Di rector of the United States Mint in Philadelphia, serving as such until 1867. Polsley, Daniel ; was born near Fairmont, Mar ion County, Virginia, November 28, 1803; received a limited education; passed his boyhood on a farm; studied law with Philip Doddridge and Henry St. George Tucker, and came to the bar in 1827; practiced the profession until 1845, when he retired to a farm and devoted himself to agriculture until 1861; was a member of the May and June Conventions of that year, held in Wheeling, for re-organizing the govern ment of Virginia; was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State, which position he held until West Virginia was admitted into the Union; was subsequently elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit for six years; in 1866 was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Invalid Pensions. Ppmeroy, Charles ; was born in Meriden, Con necticut, September 8, 1825; received a common school education ; worked, with his father, as a tin smith, for several years, and then carried on business in his own name; removed to Iowa in 18.~>5; there studied law. and settled in the village of Fort Dodge; became President of the National Bank at that place; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Terri tories, and Mines and Mining. Pomeroy, Samuel C.; was born in Southamp ton, Massachusetts, January 3. 1816; passed his boy hood on his father s farm; after receiving an academic education, entered Amherst College in 1836; spent four years in New York; returned to his native town and held various local offices; was elected to the Leg islature of Massachusetts in 1852; in 1854 was en gaged in organizing the New England Emigrant Aid Society, and became its financial agent; removed to Kansas in the same year, and participated in its affairs; was a member of the Territorial Defense Committee; was a Delegate to the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, and also to that of Chicago in 1860; during the famine in Kansas, was Chairman of the Relief Committee; in 1861 took his seat in the United States Senate, from Kansas, for six years, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Claims, Territories, Manufactures, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; in January, 1867, was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873; subsequently settled in Washington City, where an attempt to assassinate him was made by Martin F. Conway, with whom he had a long and bitter politi cal quarrel. Pomeroy, Theodore M.; was born in Cayugu, New York, December 31, 1824; graduated at Hamil ton College; adopted the profession of the law; was District Attorney for Cayuga County from 1850 to 1856; was a member of the State Legislature in 1857; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment, and as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Qommittees on Banking and Currency, and Unfinished Business; was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of tile Com mittee on Banking and Currency; was subsequently a Director in the First National Bank of Auburn, New York. Pond, Benjamin ; served four years in the As sembly of New York, from Essex County; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to 1813; was re-elected. Died in June, 1815, at his residence in Schroon, Essex County, New York. 400 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Pond, C. H.; was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut in 1853; was subsequently Acting Governor ol the State for almost one year. Ponder, James ; was born in Milton, Sussex County, Delaware, October 31, 1819; received an academic education ; engaged in mercantile business ; in 1856 was elected a Eepresentative to the State Legislature; in 1864 was elected State Senator, and in 1867 became Speaker of that body; in 1870 was elected Governor of Delaware for the term ending in 1875. Pool, John ; was born in Pasquotank County, North Carolina, June 16, 1826; graduated at the State University in 1847; studied law, and came to the bar before the close of that year; was elected to the State .Senate in 1856 and 1858; remained in private life during the Rebellion, until 1864, when he was again chosen to the State Senate, as a Peace can didate; took a leading part in the movements for peace ; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 186."), and was again elected to the Senate; in 1865 was elected a Senator in Congress from North Carolina, but was not admitted; in 1868 was re-elected to the same position, for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Revision of the United States Laws, and In dian Affairs. Pool, Walter F.; was born near Elizabeth City, North Carolina, November 10, 1850 ; was a student at the University of North Carolina for three years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1873; rapidly rose to eminence in his profession; was elect ed a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress. Died at Elizabeth City, August 25, 1883, without having occupied the seat to which he had been elected. Pope, John ; was born in Prince William Coun ty, Virginia, in 1770; having lost one arm by acci dent, determined to study law; carried out his de termination; was admitted to the bar, and attained eminence in the profession; removed to Kentucky; served a number of years in the Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1801; was a Senator in Con gress from that State from 1807 to 1813, officiating, for a time, as President ^ro tern, of that body; in 1821) was appointed Governor of the Territory of Arkansas; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843. Died in Kentucky, July 12, 1845. Pope, Nathaniel ; was born in Louisville, Ken tucky, in 1784; was educated at Transylvania Uni versity ; studied the French language ; emigrated to Up per Louisiana in 1804; practiced law in St. Genevieve, Missouri, until 1809; was appointed Secretary of the Territory of Illinois in 1809, and removed there; was elected Delegate to Congress in 1817; in 1818, when Illinois was admitted as a State, was appointed United States District Judge, and held that office un til his death, which occurred in Illinois in 1850. Pope, Patrick H.; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1841. Poppleton, Barley P.; was born in Richland County, Ohio, September 29, 1834; was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University; studied law and com menced practice at Elyria, Ohio; in 1861 removed to Delaware, Ohio; was elected State Senator in 1870 to fill a vacancy; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress. Porter, Albert G-.; was. born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, April 20, 1824; graduated at the Asbury University in 1843; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis; in 1853 was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Su preme Court of Indiana, publishing five volumes; served two terms as City Attorney of Indianapolis; was twice elected a member of the City Council; in. 1858 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the J udiciary, and on Manufactures; in March, 1878, was appointed First Comptroller in the Treasury of the United States; in 1880 was elected Governor of Indiana for four years from January, 1881, and resigned his posi tion as Comptroller to assume his gubernatorial duties. Porter, Alexander J.; was born near Armagh, Ireland, in 1786; came to the United States in 1801; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Nashville, Tennes see; having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1807; attained high rank in his profession; in 1810 removed to St. Martinsville, Louisiana, and was ac tive in forming the State Constitution in 1811 ; be came a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1821, and served fifteen years; was United States Senator from 1833 to 1837; was re-elected in 1843, but ill-health prevented him from taking his seat, and he died at Attakapas, Louisiana, January 13, 1844. Porter, Augustus S.; wasborninCanandaigua, New York, January 18, 1798; graduated at Union College in 1818; adopted the law as a profession, and practiced for twenty years at Detroit, Michigan, of which city he was chosen Mayor in 1838; was a Sen ator in Congress from Michigan from 1840 to 1845; in 1848 removed to Niagara Falls, the residence of his father; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Porter, Charles H.; was born in Cairo, New York; received an academic education; was a stu dent at the Law University of Albany in 1852; prac ticed law in Greene County until 1861, when he en tered the army; settled at Norfolk, Virginia; was Attorney for the Commonwealth from 1863 until 1870, and Attorney for the city one year; was a mem ber of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1867 and 1868; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Porter, David; was a citizen of Maryland; in 1831 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Turkey; in 1839 became Minister Resident. Died at his post, March 3, 1843. Porter, David R.; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1788; was a lawyer, and frequently, at different times, was a member of each branch of the State Legislature; was extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron ; was Governor of Pennsyl vania from 1839 to 1845; his election in 1838, in Philadelphia County, gave rise to much excitement at the State Capitol, known as the " Buckshot War," growing out of a charge of irregularity in the elec tion. Died at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1867. Porter, George B. ; was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1790; was liberally educated; idopted the profession of a lawyer, and was an ac- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 401 tive business man: was Governor of Michigan Terri tory from 1831 to 1834. Died in Detroit, July 6, 1834. Porter, Gilchrist; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1851 to 1857. Porter, James ; was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts; was the son of an eminent physician; graduated at Williams College; removed to Skane- ateles, New York, where he studied law and com menced the practice of his profession; was a mem ber of the State Assembly in 1814 and 1815; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819; after leaving Congress was appointed Regis ter of the Court of Chancery, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Albany. He was a man of culture and high character, and among his most intimate friends were such men as Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren. Porter, James Davis ; was born at Paris, Ten nessee, December 7, 1828; was educated at the Acad emy at Paris and at the University of Nashville, Tennessee, where he graduated in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the prac tice of law in 1851; in 1859 was elected a Representa tive in the Tennessee Legislature; served in the Con federate Army throughout the Civil Waras Chief of Staff on the staff of General Cheat ham; after the close of the war. in the fall of 1865, resumed the practice of his profession ; in 1870 was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention of Tennessee; in the summer of the same year was elected Circuit ,) udge for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of Tennessee ; resigned in 1874, and in the fall of that year was elected Governor of Tennessee, serving until 1879; in 1880 was Chairman of the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic National Convention ; the same year was elected President of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railroad Company; was four times re- elected; in March, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Assistant Secretary of State; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Nashville, and was a Trustee of that institution ; was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Peabody Fund; was Vice-President of the Tennessee Historical Society for West Tennessee; was a Director in the First Na tional Bank of Nashville, and in the Equitable Fire Insurance Company of Nashville ; was, for several years, a Director in the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company. Porter, J. DeForest ; was born in New York; settled in Nebraska; in 1872 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Ter ritory of Arizona, residing in Arizona City. Porter, James Madison ; was born in Selma, Pennsylvania, January 6, 1793; was educated -as a lawyer; served as a volunteer in the War of 1812; was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1838, and took an important part in the revision of the State Constitution; was appointed Secretary of War, by President Tyler in 1843, but the nomination was rejected by the Senate; was one of the founders of Lafayette College at Easton, Pennsylvania, and for twenty-five years President of its Board of Trustees; was President Judge of the Twelfth and Twenty-second Judicial Districts of Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, November 11, 1862. Porter, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 180o to 1811, having first been elected to fill the unexpired term of Michael Leib, resigned. Porter, Peter B.; was born in Salisbury, Con necticut, in 1773; graduated at Yale College in 1791; completed his law studies at Litchfield, Connecticut; emigrated to Western New York; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816, when he resigned; as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, he reported the resolutions authorizing immediate and active prepara tions for war: in 1813 was made Major-General and Chief in command of the State troops; in 1815received, from President Madison, the appointment of Com- mander-in-Chief of the United States Army, which he declined; soon after the war was chosen Secretary of the State of New York; in 1816 was appointed Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent; in 1828 was appointed, by President Adams, Secretary of War. Died at Niagara Falls, March 20, 1844, uni versally respected. He distinguished himself at Chippewa and at Lundy s Lane, and for his services received a gold medal from Congress and a sword from the State of New York. Was the father of Augustus S. Porter. Porter, Timothy H.; was born in New Haven, Connecticut; served five years in the Assembly of New York; also served five years in the State Senate; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827. Porter, William A.; was born in Hunterdon County, Pennsylvania, in 1821; graduated at La fayette College in 1839; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1842; was Sheriff of that city in 1843; was City Solicitor in 1856; was Judge of the Superior Court in 1858; was the author of "Essay on Law, and Sheriffs," 1845; "Life of Chief Justice John Gibson," 1855; also, "Addresses." Porter, "William Wood ; was born in Orange County, Virginia, September 8, 1826; removed to Mississippi in his youth ; graduated from Centenary College, Mississippi, in 1845; studied law at Jackson, Mississippi, for two years, and was then admitted to practice in all the Courts of the State; entered at once upon the practice of law in Coahoma County, Mississippi; emigrated to California in 1850; in 1852 was elected District Attorney of San Joaquin County, California; after the expiration of the term of office, removed to Calaveras County, California; in 1855 was appointed, by the Governor, County Judge of Calaveras County, to fill a vacancy; in 1856 was elected to the same office for a full term of four years; at the breaking out of the Civil War. in 1861, returned to Virginia and entered the Confederate Army as Aid to General George B. Crittenden ; served with conspicuous gallantry, particularly at the battles of Mill Springs, Shiloh, and Raymond, for his part in each of which he received honorable mention in the report of his commander; was selected by General Joseph E. Johnston as a member of his Staff when he took command of the Army of the Southwest; was recommended, by General Johnston, for promotion ; at the close of the war, went to his father s home, near Jackson, Mississippi ; then traveled in Mexico until May, 1866, when the returned to Jackson, Mississippi, and resumed he practice of his profession there; in 1872 returned to California and settled at Santa Rosa in the practice of law; in October. 1885, was appointed, by I resident Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Arizona. Posey, Thomas ; was born on the banks of the Potomac, July 9. 1750; received a plain English ed ucation; removed to Western Virginia at the age of nineteen; was Quartermaster of Lewis division ot 40:? BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. Lord Dunmore s army, and was at the battle of Pt. Pleasant in 1774; was one of the Committee of Cor respondence in 1775; was Captain of the Seventh Virginia Continental Regiment, and aided in defeat ing Lord Dunmore at Gwyn s Island; joined Wash ington s army in 1777; was transferred to the rifle regiment of Colonel Morgan; was with General Gates at Bemis Heights and Stillwater; took command of ^his regiment in 1778 against the Indians; in 1779 commanded a battalion under Wayne, and was one of the first to enter the enemy s works at Stony Point; was at the surrender of Yorktown; took com mand of a new regiment under Wayne, in Georgia; in 1782, when surprised by the Indians, defeated them with great loss; from 1786 to 1793 was County Lieutenant of Spottsylvania, Virginia, and was ap pointed Brigadier-General; was a State Senator; was Lieu tenant-Governor of Virginia for four years; was Major-General of Kentucky levees in 1809; was United States Senator from Louisiana in 1812, by appointment of the Governor, but was superseded by the appointment of J. Brown by the Legislature; was Governor of Indian Territory from 1813 to 1816; was agent of Indian Affairs in 1816, which position he held until his death, which occurred at Shawnee- town, Illinois, March 19, 1818. Post, George A.; was born at Cuba, New York. September 1, 1854; removed, with his parents, to Dunkirk, New York, in 1855. and to Oswego, New York, in 1861; received an academic education; re moved to Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, in 1873. and entered the service of the Erie Railway Company; was, for several years, Secretary of the Motive Power Department; was elected Chief Burgess of Susque- hanua in 1877, and served one year; was an unsuc cessful candidate for Presidential Elector in 1880; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1882; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress. Post, Jotham, Jr.; was born in New York; was a graduate of Columbia College; was a member of the New York Assembly for four years, from the city of New York; was a Representative in Congress from his native State, from 1813 to 1815. Post, Morton E.; was born in Monroe County, New York, December 25, 1840; received an academic education; removed to Colorado in I860, and in 1867 to that portion of Dakota now Wyoming Territory ; was engaged in the business of banking and stock- raising; was elected County Commissioner in 1870, and re-elected in 1872; was elected a member of the Territorial Council in 1878; was elected the Delegate from Wyoming to the Forty-seventh Congress. Poston, Charles D.; was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825; removed to California in 1850; was employed in the Custom House at San Francisco for four years; in 1854 went to Arizona as the pioneer of silver mining enterprises in that Terri tory; on the organization of a Territorial Government for Arizona, was.appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory; at the first election held was elected the Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty- eighth Congress, taking his seat at the second session. Potter, A.; was born in Saratoga County, New York, October 2, 1818; was an early emigrant to Michigan, locating at Kalamazoo in 1845; received a common school education; commenced business as a tinner and hardware merchant; served one term in the State Legislature; subsequently turned his at tention to banking, and became President of the National Bank of Kalamazoo; was elected President of the village in 1859, 1863, 1870, and 1872; Presi dent of the Local Board of Education in 1870 and 1871; was President of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad Company; was defeated for Congress in 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-fourth Congress. Potter, Clarkson Nott; was born in Schenec- tady, New York, in 1825; graduated at Union Col lege (of which his grandfather, Rev. Eliphalet Nott, was President, and his father, Bishop Alonzo Potter, was Vice-President) in 1842; graduated at Rensselaer Institute, as a Civil Engineer, in 1843; was a surveyor in Wisconsin; studied law in that State, and after coming to the bar, commenced the practice of his pro fession in New York City in 1847; while engaged in a number of important suits, in 1868, was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first ( <m- gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce and other important Committees; was re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses, during which time he argued important cases before the Supreme Court of the United States; was also elected to the Forty-tilt h Congress; was re-nominated, but declined the nomin ation. Died January 23, 1882. Potter, Elisha B.; was born at Little Rest (now Kingston), Rhode Island, November 5, 1764; when a youth served as a soldier, and worked in a blacksmith shop; subsequently studied law; in 1796 was elected a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island for the unexpired term of B. Bourne, resigned; was re-elected to the Fifth Congress, in place of Bourne, who de clined, but he himself resigned in 1797; was again a Representative from 1809 to 1815, serving on import ant Committees; was elected to the State Legislature in 1793, and by semi-annual elections under the old charter system continued to serve until his death, excepting when in Congress, and was five times elected Speaker; was a man of superior talents, and for forty years filled a large space in the political affairs of Rhode Island. Died in Kingston, Rhode Island, September 26, 1835. Potter, Elisha R., Jr.; was bom in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 20, 1811; graduated at Harvard University in 1830; was, for several years, a member of the State Legislature; was Adj utant-General of the State in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Con gress from Rhode Island from 1843 to 1845; was State Commissioner of Public Schools from May, 1849, to October, 1854, when he resigned, after which he de voted himself to the practice of law; was subsequently chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and became Chief Justice; as an author he published " Early History of Narragansett," a work on " Paper Money in Rhode Island," and valuable contributions on Suffrage and Public Schools. Potter, Emery D.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851; was subse quently appointed United States Judge for the Terri tory of Utah. Potter, Henry ; was born in Mecklenburg, Vir ginia, in 1765 ; received a liberal education and adopted the profession of the law; in 1801 was ap pointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge of the Fifth Circuit; in 1802 was made Judge of the United States District Court for the State of North Carolina, which position he held until his death, December 20, 1857. Potter, John P.; was born at Augusta, Maine. May 11, 1817; was educated at Phillips s Academy, New Hampshire; was a lawyer by profession; settled BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 403 in Wai worth County, Wisconsin; was a Representa tive in the Legislature of Wisconsin in 1856: was a Judge of Walworth County from 1842 to 1846; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Be\ olutionary Pensions; was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was made Chairman of a Special Committee on Government Employes, and also of that 011 Public Lands; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861; was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Governor of Nevada Territory, but de clined; was subsequently appointed Consul-General to British North America. Potter, Orlando B.; was born at Chartemont, Massachusetts, March 10, 1823; until the age of eighteen he worked upon a farm, attending the com mon school during the winter; taught school, and thus acquired means to prosecute his studies; after two years tuition at Williams College, studied law at Dane Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts; was admitted to the bar at Boston in 1848. and engaged in practice there; also became interested in manufac turing; in 1853 removed to New York City; his busi ness becoming widely extended, and the unequal, and changeable values of the currency of the different States causing much annoyance, he conceived the idea of a National currency; the defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run in 1861 convinced him of the im perative necessity of such a currency, and, within twenty-five days thereafter, he matured, and laid before .Secretary Chase, of the United States Treasury, and President Lincoln, a plan for a National Bank ing System; this plan was adopted, with a few slight mod iiicat ions, and was the basis of the present Na tional Banking System of the country; in 1876 Mr. Potter retired from active business and devoted his attention to the care and improvement of his property and the conduct of a large dairy farm on the Hudson River; was nominated for Congress in 1878, but was defeated: was tendered the nomination for Congress at the special election to fill a vacancy in the Eleventh District in 1881, but declined; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Potter, Robert ; was born in Granville County, North Carolina; entered the navy as midshipman, but resigned this position and studied law; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1826; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1829 to 1831; was a second time in the Legisla ture, but owing to an out rage that he committed upon the persons of two men, of whom he was jealous, he lo.st all political influence, and, removing to Texas, was killed in a private brawl. Potter, Samuel J.; was born in Rhode Island in 1750; was at one time Deputy Governor; in 1792 and 1796 was a Presidential Elector; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island during the years 1803 and 1804. Died October 29 of the latter year. Potter, William W.; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1839. Died at Bellefonte, in that State, October 28, 1839. Pottle, Emory B.; was born in Naples, New York; was a lawyer by profession; served one term in the Legislature of New York; was elected a. Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on .STnva Affairs. Potts, Benjamin F.; was Governor of the Terri tory oi Montana from 1870 to 1883. Potts, David, Jr.; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1793; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1831 to 1839. Died in 1863. Potts, Richard ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1781 and 1782 ; was Governor of Maryland during the same years; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1792 to 1796, when he resigned; received, from Princeton College, in 1805, the degree of LL.D. Pound, Thaddeus O.; was born at Elk, Penn sylvania, December 6, 1832; passed his childhood near Rochester, New York; removed to Wisconsin in 1848: received an academic education; engaged in the lumber business; became President of several lumber and railway companies; was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1864, 1866, 1867, and I860, serving as Speaker pro 1cm. during the last year; was Lieutenant-Governor in 1870 and 1871; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1872; was elected a Representative from Wis consin to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-sev enth Congresses. Powell, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817. Powell, Alfred H.; was born in Loudon Coun ty, Virginia: graduated at Princeton College; studied law in Alexandria, Virginia; settled in Winchester, Virginia, in 1800; served in the State Legislature, and one or two State Conventions; was a Representa tive in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1827. Died at Winchester while arguing a case in court, in 1831, aged fifty years. Powell, Cuthbert ; -was at one time Mayor of Alexandria in Virginia; on his removal to Loudon County was elected to the Legislature; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1841 to 1843. Died at Langollen, Virginia, May 8, 1849. Powell, Joseph ; was born at Towanda, Brad ford County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1848; his edu cation was such as the common school and academic facilities of the county afforded; in early life became a merchant, which occupation he pursued successfully for many years; subsequently became President of the First National Bank of Towanda, and engaged in other business enterprises; at the time of his election as a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- fourth Congress, in 1875, was engaged in active busi ness, and accepted a nomination contrary to his wishes and inclinations; previous to that time he had never occupied a public position, nor been an active politician. Powell, Lazarus "W.; was born in Henderson County, Kentucky, October 6, 1812; graduated at St. Joseph s College, Bardstown, in 1833; studied law at the Transylvania University, and came to the bar in 1835, following his profession and carrying on a farm at the same time; in 1836 was elected to the Ken tucky Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was Governor of Kentucky from 1851 to 1855; was chosen a Senator in Congress for the long term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Pensions, and Printing; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-* tion " of 1866. Died at his home in Kentucky, 5, 1867. 404 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Powell, Levin; was born in Virginia in 1738; was a member of the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution; served through the War of the Revolution in the Virginia Line of the Conti nental Army, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel; resided in London County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 179<J to 1801. Died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, in August. Powell, Paulus; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1849; continued in that capacity to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department and that on Post Offices and Post Roads. Powers, Gershom ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. Powers, Llewellyn; born in Pittsfield, Maine. in 1838; was educated at Colby University; studied law at Albany University; was admitted to practice in 1861, and located at Houlton, Maine; was Prose cuting Attorney from 1864 to 1871; was Collector of Customs for the District of Aroostook, Maine, from 1868 to 1872; was a Representative in the State Legis lature in 1874, 1875, and 1876; was elected a Repre sentative from Maine to the Forty -fifth Congress. Powers, Orlando "W.; was born at Pultney- ville, Wayne County, New York, June 16, 1851; Ms early life was passed upon a farm; received a com mon school and academic education ; studied law, and graduated from the Law Department of Michigan University in the class of 1871 ; in 1873 settled at Kalamazoo, Michigan, and began the practice of law; soon secured a large business; in 1879 was elected City Attorney of Kalamazoo; in 1880 was the Demo cratic nominee for Congress in the Fourth Congres sional District of Michigan, and, although defeated, polled the largest vote ever cast in that district for a straight Democratic candidate; in 1882 prepared, and published, a work on Chancery Practice; in 1883 published "Powers Supreme Court Practice"; in 1884 was elected a Delegate-at-Large to the Demo cratic National Convention, and was the member from Michigan on the Committee on permanent or ganization; in the spring of 1885 was again elected City Attorney of Kalamazoo; in April of the same year was appointed, by President Cleveland, an As sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Utah. Powers, Ridgely O.; was born in Mecca. Trumbull County, Ohio, December 24, 183; studied at the Western Reserve Seminary, and taught school in Illinois; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1W62; served as an Assistant Adjutant-General in the War for the Union; removed to the State of Mississippi in 1865; was Lieutenant-Governor in 1870; in 1871 was elected Governor of the State. Poydras, Julian; was a Delegate in Congress from the Territory of Louisiana from 1809 to 1812. Pratt, Daniel D.; was born in Palermo, Waldo County, Maine, October 26, 1813; when a child re moved, with his parents, to New York; graduated at Hamilton College in 1831; in 1832 went to Indiana, where he taught school; in 1834 went to Indianapo lis, wrote in the office of the Secretary of State, and studied law; in 1836 settled at Logansport, where he commenced the practice of his profession; in 1851 and 1853 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, officiat ing as leading Secretary; in 1868 was elected a Rep resentative from Indiana to the Forty-first Congress j in January, 1869, was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1875, serving on the Commit tees on Pensions, Claims, and District of Columbia- in May, 1875, was appointed Commissioner of In ternal Revenue, remaining in office until August, 1876. Pratt, Henry O.; was born in Foxcroft, Maine, February 11, 1838; was w r ell educated; studied law, and graduated at the law department of Harvard University; removed to Iowa in 1862; served as a private in the army ; practiced law at Charles City, Iowa, in 1864; was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 1869, and re-elected in 1871: was j elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con- < gresses, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Pratt, James T.; was born in Middletown. Con necticut, in 1805; was bred a farmer, which occupa tion he followed; served in the Connecticut Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855; Avas a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Pratt, O. C.; was born in New York; removed to Illinois, and from that State was appointed an Asso- j ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter- | ritory of Oregon, residing at Oregon City. Pratt, Thomas Gr. ; was born in Washington. City in 1805; was educated at an academy in George town, District of Columbia; was bred a lawyer; fre quently served in the Maryland Senate; was a Presi dential Elector in 1837; was Governor of Maryland from 1844 to 1848; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1850 to 1857; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Died in Baltimore, November 9, 1869. Pratt, Zadock ; was born at Stephentowii, Kensselaer County, New York. October 150, 1790; commenced life without means, but by industry gained a large fortune; devoting his attention to- tanning among the Catskill Mountains, attained emi nent success in that branch of the mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated with Prattsville and that vast tannery, Avhere, previous to 1846, he had tanned more than a million sides of leather; in 1823 was elected a Colonel of Militia; in 1830 was elected to the State Senate ; in 1836 was a Presidential Elector;: was elected to Congress in 1836 and 1842, and labored successfully lor the public good; his career in Con gress will be remembered for his efforts in behalf of the reduction of postage, his plans for the new Post Office building, and the Bureau of Statistics, which owes its origin to him; in 1852 was again a Presiden tial Elector; established a newspaper and a bank at Prattsville; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Con vention" of 1852, and to various other Democratic conventions; was the President of many societies and institutions. Died at Bergen, New Jersey, April 6, 1871. Preble, William Pitt ; was born at York, Maine, November 27, 1783; graduated at Harvard Univers ity in 1806; was District Attorney in 1813; removed to Portland in 1818; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court under the new government in 1820; was appointed United States Minister to the Netherlands in 1829; afterwards held many import ant positions; in 1847 was President of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad Company. Died in Port land, Maine, October 11, 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 405 Prentiss, JohnH.; was born in Worcester, Mas sachusetts, April 17, 1784; was bred a printer; set tled in Cooperstown, New York, and in 1808 estab lished the Freeman 1 s Journal in that town, which he edited with ability and success until 1849; was a Representative from New York to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses. Died in Cooperstown, June 26, 1864. Prentiss, Samuel ; was born in Stonington, Con necticut, March 31, 1782; removed, with his father, to Worcester, Massachusetts, and subsequently to Northfield, where he commenced the study of law; completed his professional studies in Brattleboro , Vermont, and commenced practice at Montpelier, Vermont, in 1803; soon became one of the foremost men at the bar; in 1824 and 1825 represented Mont pelier in the State Legislature; in 1829 was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, hav ing several years before declined the office of Asso ciate Justice of that Court; was a Senator in Congress from Vermont from 1831 to 1842; while Senator did much to effect the passage of the law against duel ling in the District of Columbia; in 1842 was ap pointed Judge of the Federal District Court in Ver mont, which office he held at the time of his death; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont. Died in Montpelier, Vermont, January 15. 1857. He left ten sons, nine of whom were mem bers of his own profession. Prentiss, Sergeant S.; was born at Portland, Maine, September 30, 1808; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1826; after studying law at Gorham. Maine, removed to Mississippi; passed two years as tutor in a private family; studied law at Natchez; on removing to Vicksburg, became from the first the leader of the bar in his adopted State, acquiring by his profession a large property; entered politics; was elected to the State Legislature in 1835; in 1837 was chosen a Representative in Congress from Mississippi for the years 1838 and 1839; from that period until the close of his life was devoted wholly to his profes sion, appearing frequently in Court in New Orleans; as a jury orator he was acknowledged as having no equal in the South-western States. Died at Long- wood. July 1, 1850. Prescott, Benjamin F.; was born at Epping, New Hampshire, February 26. 1833; received a classical education at Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, and at Dartmouth College, gradu ating from the latter institution in 1856; read law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and practiced until 1862: became Associate Editor of the Independent Democrat newspaper, at Concord, New Hampshire, and continued as such until 1866; was elected Secre tary of State in 1872. 1873. 1875, and 1876; was elected Governor of New Hampshire in 1877 and re- elected in 1878; was Chairman of the New Hampshire delegation to the Republican National Convention o: 1880. Prescott, Cyrus D.; was born in New Hartford, New York, August 15, 1836; received an academic education; studied law. and commenced practice a1 Rome, New York, in 1859; was a member of the Board of Aldermen from 1874 to 1876; a member of the State House of Representatives in 1878; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Preston, Francis ; was a member of Congress from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. Died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 26, 1835, whither he had gone upon a visit to his son, the distinguished William C. Preston Preston, Jacob A.; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Preston, James P.; was born in 1775: gradu ated at William and Mary College in 1795; was ap pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twelfth Infantry in 1812; was commissioned Colonel of the Twenty- third Infantry in 1813; at the battle of Chrystler s Field received a wound which crippled him for life; for many years was Postmaster of the city of Rich mond; was Governor of Virginia from 1816 to 1819. Died at Smithfield, Virginia, May 4, 1843. Preston, "William ; was born near Louisville, Kentucky, October 16, 1816; was educated at St. Joseph s College, Kentucky, in New Haven, and at Harvard University ; settled in the practice of law at Louisville, and remained there until the Mexican War, when he went to Mexico as a Lieutenant-Col onel of the Kentucky Volunteers; served in the Con vention called to frame anew the Constitution ol Kentucky; in 1850 and 1851 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1852, vot ing for Scott; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-second Congress, for the un- expired term of Humphrey Marshall, resigned; was re-elected to the Thirty-third Congress; was a mem ber of the "Cincinnati Convention" which nom inated Mr. Buchanan in 1856: in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Spain; 011 his return, in 1861, took part in the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier-General; in 1868 was elected to. the State Legislature. Preston, William B.; was born in Virginia: was a Representative in Congress from that Statt from 1847 to 1849; was Secretary of the Navy, under President Taylor, in 1849 and 1850; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confederatt Congress. Died in Montgomery County, Virginia, November 16, 1862 Preston, "William C.; was born December, 27, 1794, in Philadelphia, while his father was attending a session of Congress at that place as a Representative from Virginia; was educated at the University of South Carolina; graduated in 1812, and returned to Virginia; studied law in the office of W T illiam Wirt at Richmond; in 1816 went to Europe, and after visiting France, England, and Switzerland, resided for some time in Edinburgh, where he attended the lectures of Hope, Playfair and Brown; in 1819 re turned to the United States; was admitted to the bar in 1821 . and commenced the practice of law in Virginia; in 1822 removed to Columbia. South Caro lina, where he continued the practice of his profession with great distinction and success; in 1832 was elected to the Senate of the United States from South Carolina, where he assumed a high position as a debater; in 1842 resigned his place in the Senate, and resumed the practice of his profession in South Carolina; in 1855 became President of the University of South Carolina, which office he filled with great credit until he was forced to resign in consequence of ill-health, after which time he lived in retire ment. Died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 22, 1860. Prevost, John B. ; in 1804 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Orleans. Price, Hiram ; was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1814: received a common school education; engaged in various pursuits; in 1844 removed to Davenport, Iowa; was President of 40(J BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the State Bank of Iowa from 1859 to 1866; was Pay master-General of Jowa during the Civil War; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty- eighth, Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-fifth, and For ty-sixth Congresses; was President of the Davenport and St. Paul Railroad Company; in March. 1881, was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the Department of the Interior at Washington City. Price, Rodman M.; was born in Sussex County. New Jersey, November 5, 1816; attended Princeton College until his health compelled him to retire; de voted some attention to the study of law; was ap pointed Purser in the Navy in 1840; is said to have been the first person to exercise judicial functions under the American flag on the Pacific Coast, as Alcalde; in 1848 was made naval agent tor the Pacific coast; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1851 to 1853; was subsequently elected Governor of New Jersey; caused the estab lishment, in that State, of a Normal School, and did much to improve the militia of the State; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" of 1861. Price, Samuel ; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1805; was educated in the public schools; studied law, and engaged in practice; served several terms in the State Legislature; in 1863 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, holding the office until the close of the Civil War; in 1865 was elected Circuit Judge, but declined to take the "test oath " and did not serve; in 1876 was appointed United States Senator, serving about two months. Died at Leesburgh, Virginia, February 25, 1884. Price, Sterling; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847; was Governor of that State from 185:. to 1857; was identified with the great Rebellion of 1861 as a Major-General . Price, Thomas L.; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress; w;is a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Died in Lexington. Missouri, Julv 15, 1870. Price, William O.; in 1860 was appointed Treasurer of the United States; held the office until 1861. Price, "William P.; was born in Dahlonega, Georgia, January 29. 1835; worked at the printer s trade; entered Furman University, at Greenville, South Carolina, in 1854, but left, without graduat ing, to take charge of a newspaper; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856, at Charleston, South Carolina; practiced law at Greenville; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1864, 1865, and 1866; returned to Georgia in 1866; was a member of the Legislature of Georgia in 1868; was elected a Repre sentative from Georgia to the Forty-first Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on several Committees. Price, "William Thompson ; was born in Barre Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. June 17, 1824; received a common school education; en gaged in various pursuits; removed to Mount Pleas ant, Iowa, in March, 1845. and at Black River Falls, Wisconsin, in the fall of the same vear; became a lumberman, merchant, farmer, and banker; was Under Sheriff of the county in 1849 and 1855; was Judge of Jackson County, once by election and once by appointment; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was a State Senator in 1857, 1870, 1871, 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881, and was President pro tern, of the Senate in 1879; was Collector of Internal Revenue from 1863 to 1865; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Died at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, December 6, 1886. Prickett, Henry E.; was born in Faversham. Kent County, England. February 1, 1829; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States in 1835, set tling in Washington County, New York; received an academic education; studied law; removed to Wis consin; was admitted to the bar in 1858; was County Judge of Jackson County from 1856 to 1860; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1858; set tled in Idaho Territory; was a member of the Council of the Territorial Legislature in 1875; in 1876 was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Idaho, and was re-appointed in 1880. Pridemore, Auburn Lorenzo ; was born in Scott County, Virginia, June 27, 1837; passed his childhood and youth upon a farm, his educational ad vantages being very limited; afterwards alternately taught and attended school, and acquired a good En glish education; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, as a Captain, served throughout the war, and rose to the rank of Colonel; was elected to the Vir ginia Assembly in March, 1865. but the close of the war annulled the election, and he did not take his seat; in 1865 studied law; was admitted to the bar. and began practice at Jonesville, Virginia; was a State Senator from 1871 to 1875; was elected a Rep resentative from Virginia to the Forty-fifth Congress. Prince, Charles H.; was born in Bucklield, Ox ford County, Maine, May 9, 1837; worked on his father s farm in summer, and taught a district school in winter; in 1859 engaged in mercantile pursuits; was, for a time, Postmaster of Buckfield ; in 1862 raised a military company, and was commissioned as a Cap tain; in 1866 was made Cashier of the Freedmen s Savings and Trust Company at Augusta, Georgia; in 1867 was a Superintendent of Freedmen s schools, and also a member of the State Constitutional Con vention; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Interior Department. Prince, Oliver H.; was a lawyer by profession ; published a Digest of the Laws of Georgia; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia during the years 1828 and 1829; was lost at sea October 9, 1837, in the steamer Home. Prince, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Indiana from 1823 to 1824. Died in Princeton, Indiana, September 8, 1824, before the expiration of his term. Prindle, Elizur H. ; was born in Newton, Con necticut, May 6, 1829; received an academic educa tion; studied law; was District Attorney of Chenango County, New York, in 1860, 1861, and 1862; was a member of the State Assembly in 1863; was a Dele gate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1867; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Territories. Pringle, Benjamin; was born at Richfield, Otse- go County, New York, November 9, 1807; received a good English and classical education; studied law, and practiced for several years, but relinquished the profession on being made President and Financial Officer of the Bank of Genesee, at Batavia; held the office of Judge of the County Courts of Genesee for BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 407 five years; served one year in the State Assembly; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses; was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the Court of Arbitration at Cape Town, under the Treaty of 1862 with Great Britain. Proctor, Redfield; was Governor of Vermont from 1878 to 1880. Profit, George H.; was a Representative in Con gress from Indiana from 1839 to 1843; in 1843 was United States Minister to Brazil. Died at Louis ville, Kentucky, September 5, 1847. Prosser, "William F. ; was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1834; received a common school education; studied law; taught a public school for two years; went to California in 1854; engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits; served in the vol unteer Indian service; served in the war for the Union, entering the army as a private in 1861, and coming out as a Colonel in 1865, having been in many battles in the army of the Cumberland; after the war settled upon a farm near Nashville, Tennessee; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1867; was a Director of the Tennessee and Pacific Railroad Company; in 1868 became a Director of the Edgefield and Kentucky Railroad; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Roads and Canals. Pruyn, John V. L.; was born in Albany, New York; was chiefly educated at private schools; re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Rutgers College, New Jersey; studied law, and came to the bar in Albany, New York, in 1832; in 1835 was Counsel and Director of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad; sub sequently became- Treasurer of the New York Central Railroad Company; was also a Master in Chancery during the Governorship of W. L. Marcy; in 1844 was made a member of the Board of Regents, and, in 1862, Chancellor of the University of New York; was a State Senator in 1862; at a special election, in 1863, was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Erastns Corning, serving on the Committee on Claims; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Library Committee, and that on the Pacific Railroad. Pruyn, Robert H.; was a citizen of New York; in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident to Japan; resigned the office in 1865. Pryor, Luke ; was born in Madison County, Ala bama, July 5, 1820; received a good education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841, and engaged in practice; in 1845 removed to Limestone County, Alabama; in 1855 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature; engaged in farming in addition to practicing his profession; in January, 1880, was appointed United States Senator, in place of George S. Houston, deceased; declined to be a can didate before the Legislature for the vacancy; in 1882 was nominated for Congress by acclamation, without solicitation, and against his wish; accepted the nomination, and was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-eighth Congress. Pryor, Roger A.; was born in Dinwiddie Coun ty, Virginia. July 19, 1828; graduated at Hampden Sidney College in 1845; adopted the profession of the law. but relinquished the practice on account of his health; in 1851 became an editor in Petersburg; in 1852 connected himself with the Washington Union as writer; in 1853 joined the Richmond Enquirer; in 1855 was appointed, by President Pierce, a Special Commissioner to Greece, to adjust certain difficultiea with that country ; on his return established a politi cal journal called The South, which suspended in eighteen months; was, for four months, connected with the Washington Stales; was elected a Repre sentative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia; took part in the Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Congress, and also as Brigadier-General; in November, 1864, was captured by the Union troops and imprisoned in Fort La fayette, but soon afterwards released; subsequently settled in Tennessee, and later in New York. Pugh, G-eorge Ellis; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 28, 1822; graduated at Miami Uni versity in 1840; a lawyer by profession; was Captain in the Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, in the Mexican War, in 1847; was a Representative in the Ohio Legislature in 1848 and 1849; was appointed Solicitor of the City of Cincinnati in 1850; was At torney-General of the State in 1851 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from March 4, 1855, for six years, and was a member of the Committee on Pub lic Lands, and on the Judiciary. Pugh, James L.; was born in Burke County, Georgia, December 12, 1820; removed, with his par ents to Alabama in 1824; received an academic edu cation; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and engaged in the practice of law; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, 1856, and 1876; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty -sixth Congress; in 1861 was elected to the Confederate Congress, and waa re-elected in 1863; was President of the Democratic State Convention of 1874 ; member of the State Con stitutional Convention of 1875; was elected a United States Senator from Alabama, for the term ending in 1885, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George S. Houston in 1880; was re-elected for the term ending March 3, 1891. Pugh, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809. Pugh, John Howard; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1827; received an academic education; graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1852; removed to Burlingtyn. New Jersey, and commenced the prac tice of his profession in 1854; in 1869 was elected President of the Mechanics National Bank of Bur lington ; was elected a Representative from New Jer sey to the Forty-fifth Congress. Pulitzer, Joseph ; was born in Hungary in 1847; received his early education from a private tutor; emigrated to the United States; enlisted in the Union Army at the age of seventeen; after the close of the war settled at St. Louis, Missouri; studied law, and was admitted to practice by the Supreme ( ourt of Missouri; was elected a Representative in the Mis souri Legislature in 1869; was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1874; entered journalism in 1867 as a reporter on the Saint Louis Westliche Post, a German paper then edited by Carl Schurz; rose to the position of managing editor and part proprietor; founded the Saint Louis Posf-Dis- patch in 1878, by purchasing the Dispatch and unit ing it with the Evening Post; in the spring of 1883 bought the New York World, of which he became the editor and sole proprietor; was a Delegate to the Con vention of 1872: was a Delegate to the Democratic 408 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. National Conventions of 1872 and 1*80; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the For ty-ninth Congress. Purdy, Smith M.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 184 ? to 1845. . Purrnan, William J. ; was born in Centre Coun ty. Pennsylvania. April 11, 1840: received a liberal education; studied law; entered the Union Army as a private, and served on special duty at the War De partment, and in Florida; was a member of the Con stitutional Convention of Florida in 1888; soon after was elected to the State Senate; was Secretary of State in 1808; was Judge of Jackson County Court in 1868; was re-elected in 1869: was As sessor of United States Internal Revenue for Flor ida in 1870: was Chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee in 1872; was elected a Representative from Florida to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; also re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, but his seat was .successfully contested by R. H. M. Davidson. Purviance, Samuel A.; was born in Butler. Pennsylvania, November 8. 1809; was a student at Washington College, but did not graduate; was a lawyer by profession, and practiced for twenty-five years; was a member of the Convention to amend the State Constitution in 18.36: served in the Legis lature in 1838 and 1839: was a member of the Electoral College in 1848; was a Representative from Pennsylvania in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Con vention" of 1866. Purviance, Samuel D.; was a member of Con gress from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805. Puryear, Richard O.; was born in Mecklen burg, Virginia, February 9, 1801; received a good English education; passed most of his life engaged in merchandising and farming; in 1^38. having re moved to North Carolina, was elected a Representa tive in the Legislature of that State; in 1840 was elected to the State Senate; in 1844. 1846, and 1852 | was again elected to the Lower House of the Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1853 to 1857; took part in the Rebel lion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate Con gress; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Pusey, "William H. M.; was born at Hills- borough, Washington County, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1826; graduated at Washington- Jefferson College in 1847; removed to Iowa in 1855; engaged in the I business of banking; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1858 to 1862; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Putnam, Harvey ; was, for many years, a lead- I ing member of the bar of Genesee County, New York; j was several times to each house of the New York Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851. Died at Attica, New York, September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two years. Putnam, James O.; was a resident of New York; in 18*0 was appointed United States Minister bo Belgium. Putnam, Rufus ; was born at Sutton, Massa chusetts. April 9, 1738; was a millwright by trade, but left that business to enter the army during the campaigns of 1757 and 1760; at the surrender of Montreal settled in New Braintree, Massachusetts, to pursue his trade, devoting his leisure hours to the study of mathematics, navigation, and surveying; in 1773 sailed to East Florida to survey lands that had been granted by Parliament to the soldiers who had served in the French War; was appointed Govern ment Deputy Surveyor of the Province; on his return to Massachusetts, was made Lieutenant-Colonel in David Brewster s Regiment; by his ability as an en gineer in the defense of Roxbury, was appointed, through the influence of Washington, Chief En gineer of all the defenses in New York in 1776, with the rank of Colonel; from some dissatisfaction, he left the corps to take command of the Fifth Massa chusetts Regiment; was attached to the Northern Army, and distinguished himself at Stillwater; in 1778. with his cousin. General Putnam, superin tended the construction of fortifications at West Point, New York; in 1783 w-as made Brigadier-Gei eral : was Aid to General Lincoln during Shay s Re bellion; in 1778 was Superintendent of the Ohio Company, and founded Marietta, Ohio; in 1789 was Judge of the Supreme Court of Northwest Territory; in 1792 was Brigadier-General of Wayne s Army; in 1793, as United States Commissioner, concluded an important treaty with eight tribes of Indians at Vin- cennes, Indiana; from 1793 to 1803 was United States Surveyor-General; was a member of the Constitu tional Convention of Ohio. Died in Marietta, Ohio, May 4, 1824. Quarles, James M.; was born in Louisa Coun ty. Virginia, February 8. 1823; removed, with his father, to Kentucky in 1833 ; received a common school education; adopted the profession of the law; on removing to Tennessee, in 1846, became Attorney- General of the Tenth District of that State; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was elected a Repre sentative from Tennessee to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Quarles, Tunstall ; was born in Virginia: was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1817 to 1820; was subsequently Receiver of Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Quincy, Josiah; was boni at Boston. Massa chusetts, February 4, 1772; graduated at Harvard University in 1790. and entered upon the practice- of law in Boston; in 1804 was chosen a Representative from Massachusetts in the Congress of the United States, and held that position eight successive years, until he declined a re-election in 1812; was chosen State Senator for Suffolk from 1814 to 1821; was a Representative from Boston, and was Speaker of the House in 1820; was a member of the Convention of 1820 to revise the State Constitution; was Judge of the Municipal Court in Boston in 1821 and 1822; was Mayor of Boston in 1823; held the office of Mayor six successive years, until he declined a re-election in December, 1828; in 1829 was chosen President of Harvard University, and held that office until his resignation in 1845; received from that institution the degree of LL.D. in 1824; his published works are "Speeches in Congress, and Orations on Various Oc casions." " Memoir of Josiah Quiucy, Jr., of Massa chusetts," "Centennial Address on the Two Hund redth Anniversary of the Settlement of Boston," "A History of Harvard University from 1636 to 1836," "Memoir of James Grahame, Historian of the United States Army," "Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," "History of the Boston Atheniurn," "A BIOGRAPHICAL ANNA L S . 409 Municipal History of the Town and City of Boston from 1680 to 1830," "The Life of John Quincy Adams," and "Essays on the Selling of Cattle." Died in Boston, July 1, 1864. Quinn, Terence J.; was horn at Albany, New York, October 16, 1836; received a public school and academic education; engaged in the occupation of a brewer; was an Alderman from 1860 to 1863. and from 1869 to 1871; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1874; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died June 18, 1878. Quitman, John A.; was born at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York, September 1, 1799; re ceived a liberal education; studied theology, but preferred the law; in his twentieth year was a Pro fessor of Law in Mount Airy College, Pennsylvania; in 1820 emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of that State; in 1821 removed to Natchez, Mississippi; in 1827 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1828 was appointed Chan cellor of the State, serving three years; served as a Delegate to a "State Constitutional Convention": in 1835 was elected to the State Senate, and, as President of that body, was called upon to perform the duties of Governor; in 18156 distinguished him self as a soldier and leader in behalf of Texas against Mexico; in 1839 visited Europe on business for the Mississippi Railroad Company; on his return was appointed Judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals of Mississippi; served with distinction in the Mexican War, and was for a time the American Governor of Mexico ; had a horse shot under him at Monterey; commanded at Victoria; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo Del Auga; was commissioned a Major-Gen- eral in the army: acquitted himself with great credit at Chapultepec; was one of the first to enter the City of Mexico; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; was Governor of Mississippi in 1850; in 1855 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Mississippi ; was re-elected in 1857, serving, during both terms, at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs; by ! virtue of his experience and strict integrity he com manded the respect of all, and the kindness of his heart and his amiable manners won for him troops of friends among all parties; he was spoken of on two occasions as the Democratic candidate for Vice- Presidenl, and was the recognized leader of those favorable to the annexation of Cuba. Died at his residence in Mississippi, July 17, 1858. Raburn, "William ; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, April 8, 1771; removed to Hancock County, Georgia, at the age of fifteen, where, with slight advantages for education, he gained a high position in the State; was a Judge of the Inferior Court; was a member of the Assembly; was a State Senator; was Governor of Georgia from 1817 to 1819. Died in Hancock County, October 23, 1819. Radford, William ; was born in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. June 24, 1814; received a good common school education; settled in New York City in 1 829 ; was, for a long time, engaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and the Postal Railroad to New York. Died at , Yonkers. January 18, 1870. Raguet, Condy ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 8. 1784; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; studied law, b\\t en tered a counting house, and at the age of twenty was sent as supercargo of a vessel to St. Domingo; in 1805, after a second voyage, published "A Short Ac count of St. Domingo, and a Circumstantial Account of the Massacre there"; in 1806 became one of the founders and Managers of the Philadelphia Saving Fund ; was President of the Pennsylvania Life An nuity Company, and also of the Philadelphia Cham ber of Commerce; in 1812 took an active part in the defense of Philadelphia; in 1815 was a member of the Assembly ; afterward served in the State Senate ; in 1822 was United States Consul at Rio Janeiro, and negotiated a treaty with Brazil, to which he was the first Charge d AJfaires, and held the po-ition for five years; on his return home, became editor of several journals; was a member of the. American Philo sophical Society; was a contributor to the Portfolio; published "A Treatise on Currency and Banking" in 1839, which was re-published in London, and trans lated into Frencli and published in Paris in 1840; received the degree of LL.D. from St. Mary s Col lege, Baltimore. Died in Philadelphia, March 22, 1842. Rainey, Joseph H.; was born in Georgetown, South Carolina, in slavery, June 21, 1832; acquired a good education, and improved his mind by observa tion and travel; his father was a barber, and he fol lowed that occupation in Charleston until 1862; then escaped to the West Indies, where he remained until the close of the war; returned to his native town; was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention of 1868; was a member of the State Senate of South Carolina in 1870; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-first, Forty-second . Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Freedmen s Affairs and Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Ramsay, David ; was born in Pennsylvania, April 2, 1749; graduated at Princeton College in 1765; studied medicine in Philadelphia and received a Di ploma from the Medical College of that city in 1772; after a short sojourn in Maryland, removed to South Carolina in 1773, and settled in Charleston, where lie attained eminence in his profession; served in the Carolina Legislature throughout the Revolutionary War; was also in the army as Surgeon; published much in behalf of the American cause; was one of the Privy Council and was banished to St. Augus tine; was a Delegate to Congress from South Caro lina from 1782 to 1786, and was temporary President during the sickness of Hancock; in 1785 published the " History of the Revolution in South Carolina "; in 1790 the " History of the American Revolution "; in 1801 a " Life of Washington " ; in 1808 a "History of South Carolina"; also wrote a "History of the United States, and a Universal History, which were published after his death. Died May 7, 1815, from a wound received in the street from a maniac. Ramsay, Nathaniel ; was a Revolutionary Patriot of Maryland; graduated at New Jersey Col lege in 1767; was severely wounded at the battle of Monmouth, while checking the British column until Washington could rally his troops; was made pris oner at Charleston; was exchanged December 14, 1780; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Conti nental Congress from 1785 to 1787. Died October 25, 1817. He was a brother of David Ramsay, the his torian. Ramsay, Robert ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. 410 BIOGKA PHIOAL ANNALS. Ramsey, Alexander ; was born in Dauphin County, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1815; was a Clerk in the office of the Register ot that county in 1828; was Secretary of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania in 1840; in 1841 was elected Clerk of the State House of Representatives; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1843 to 1847; in 1848 was Chairman of the State Cen tral Committee of Pennsylvania; in 1849 was ap- pdinted, by President Taylor, the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, holding the office until 1853, during which service he took part (in 1849) in nego tiating a treaty at Mendota for the extinction of the title of the Sioux half-breeds to the lands on Lake Pepin; in 1851 negotiated another treaty with the Sioux nation, by which the government acquired all the lands in Minnesota west of the Mississippi River, and opened that State to the large population now settled there; also made a treaty with the Chippewa Indians on Red River, which he followed up with an other in 1853; in 1855 was Mayor of the city of St. Paul, Minnesota; was elected Governor of the State of Minnesota in 1858, and served until 1862; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress from Minnesota, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit tees on Naval Affairs, Post Offices and Post Roads. Patents, and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Sen ate, Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions, and of those also on Revolutionary Claims, PostOffices and Post Roads, and Territories; was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was re-elected for the term ending in 1875. Ramsey, William ; was born at Sterrett s Gap, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1779; in 1803 was appointed Surveyor of his native county, an office held by his father during the Revo lution; also held the offices of Prothonotary, Regis ter, Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans Court; stud ied law and practiced with success; in 1826 was elected a member of Congress from Pennsylvania- was re-elected in 1828 and 1830. Died in September 1831, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Ramsey, William S.; was born at Carlisle Pennsylvania, June 12, 1810; was educated at Dick inson College, but, on account of ill-health, did not graduate; traveled in Europe; was an attache to the American Legation in London, and formed the ac quaintance of Sir Walter Scott and General Lafay ette; returning to Carlisle, was admitted to the bar 832; was elected a Representative in Congress 38 ; iT^ J A e : elec ^ A in 184 - Died at Baltimore, October 17, 1840, a few weeks after his last election! Randall, Alexander; was born in Maryland- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1 to 1843, serving on the Committee on District of Columbia. Randall, Alexander W.; was born in Mont gomery County, New York, in October, 1819- re ceived a good education; studied law; removed to Wisconsin in 1840; practiced his profession for many years at Waukesha, Wisconsin; was appointed, by President Taylor, Postmaster of that place- in 1854 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1856 was ap- pointed Judge of the Second Judicial District ^F^ State; in 1857 and 1859 was elected Govertr of wfs consin; early in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Italy; on his return, at the close of the war, was appointed Assistant Post master-General; in 1866 entered President John son s Cabinet as Postmaster-General ; was subse quently engaged in prosecuting claims before the General Government. Died at Elmira, New York July 25, 1872. Randall, Archibald ; was born at Philadelphia Pennsylvania, in 1800; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1818; practiced with success for more than twenty-five years; in 1834 was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, where he resided; in 1842 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; in 1844 presided over both the District and Circuit Courts; his decis ions in bankruptcy are in the Pennsylvania Law Jour nal, from 1842 to 1846. Died at Philadelphia, May 30, 1846. Randall, Benjamin ; was born in Massachusetts m 1789; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1809; stud ied law; was admitted to the bar in 1814, and com menced practice in Bath, Maine, where he resided for forty-five years; was a member of the State Senate in 33; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1839 to 1843, and a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was appointed, by President Taylor, Collector of the port of Bath, Maine Died at that place, October 14, 1857. Randall, Samuel J.; was born at Philadelphia Pennsylvania, October 10, 1828; was educated in ihat city; was bred a merchant; served four years in the Councils of his native city; served one term in the State Senate of Pennsylvania; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Buildings and Grounds; was re-elected to the Ihirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Expenditures in the btate Department, and Retrenchment; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Retrenchment and on the Assassination of President Lincoln, as well as his old committees; was re- elected to the four succeeding Congresses, serving on the Committees on Rules, Banking, and Elections- at the opening of the Forty-fourth Congress was a prom inent though unsuccessful candidate for Speaker- in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Com mittee on Appropriations; was elected Speaker of the House to till the vacancy caused by the death of M. C. Kerr; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Confess and re-elected Speaker; was re-elected to the Forty- sixth Congress and again re-elected Speaker; w-is also re-elected to the Forty-seventh, Fortv-elghth and Forty -ninth Congresses. Randall, T.; was a native of Maryland; was well educated, and a lawyer by profession; removed to T^ h ^!^/^l d ; a 5_ Wasa PP! nted United States s t, > Wi j liam H -; born in Kentucky studied law, and come to the bar in 1835- in 1836 was appomted Clerk of the Circuit and County Court n JiiTSi ft y Vi Ken i ucky which p sifcion he held n fc5?li^2 adoption of the State Constitu- ?Sm25 lo ffi one T / ear b y election; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Af fairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress S F C ng the Committees on Foreign Afl?3 Expenditures on the Public Buildings- was a Wl P gate to the Philadelphia " LoyalisS^ZttoS? of ColW? B i ~Tf rly ! g radua *ed at William an.l College in 1/71; was a member of the Virginia BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 411 Assembly during the Revolution; was Governor of Virginia from 1788 to 1791. aged forty-three years. Died February, 1797, Randolph, Edmund; was a native of Virginia; was an eminent lawyer, and a warm supporter of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from Virginia from 1779 to 1783; in 1788 was a member of the Convention which framed the Consti tution of the United States, but voted against its adoption; in 1788 was Governor of Virginia; in 1789 was Attorney-General of the United States; in 1794 was Secretary of State of the United States, but, en gaging in an intrigue with the French Minister, lost the confidence of the Cabinet, and resigned in 1795. Died September 12, 1813. Randolph, James F. ; was born in Middlesex County, New Jersey, June 26, 1791 ; received a com mon school education; served an apprenticeship to the printing business; became editor of the Fre- donian, a weekly newspaper, in 1812, and continued in that capacity for thirty years; was appointed Col lector of Internal Revenue of the United States in 1815, and held that office until the close of the war in Texas; was subsequently Clerk of the Court of Com mon Pleas for his native County; was, for two years, a member of the State Legislature; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1828 to 1833; was afterwards President of a bank in New Brunswick, New Jersey, for ten years. Died in Jer sey City, March 19, 1871. Randolph, James Henry; was born in Jeffer son County. Tennessee, October 19, 1825; was edu cated at Halston College, Tennessee; studied law; began to practice in 1850; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857, 1858, 1860, and 1861; was a State Senator in 1865; was elected Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit of the State in 1869, and re- elected in 1870, under the new Constitution, holding the office until he resigned to accept the nomination for Congressman ; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty -fifth Congress. Randolph, John, of Roanoke ; was born in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and claimed de scent, through his grandmother, from Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, the great Indian chief; his father died in 1775, leaving three sons and a large estate; his mother was married, in 1783, to St. George Tucker, who was his guardian during his mi nority; his early life was spent at different places, under different instructors, of most of whom he said " he never learned anything"; passed a short time ;it Princeton College, Columbia College, and at William and Mary College; for a time studied law with Ed mund Randolph; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1799, and continued a member of the House of Representatives, with the exception of two intervals of two years each, until 1823; in that year was a member of the Convention to revise the Consti tution of Virginia, and was afterwards appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia, by Presidenl Jackson, in 1830; during one of the intervals alluded to, from 1825 to 1827, was a Senator of the United States; was never married, and was possessed of a large estate on the Roanoke. Died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833, while about to depart for Europe for the restoration of his feeble health. He was distin guished alike for his genius, his effective eloquence, j a remarkable power of sarcasm in debate, and for many eccentricities of thought and manner. He had a quarrel with Henry Clay which resulted in a duel, when he allowed himself to be shot at and then threw away his fire; was noted for his love of horses, and, for many years, while attending Congress, resided in Georgetown, District of Columbia, from which place he was in the habit of driving to the Capitol in regal style, in a barouche, drawn by four blooded-horses. Randolph, Joseph Fitz ; was born in New Jer sey in 1803; obtained an ordinary school education, after which he studied law; was licensed to practice in 1825; settled at Monmouth Court House, and was appointed State s Attorney for the county; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843, and during one term was Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; in 1844 was a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution; in 1845 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey for a term of seven years, after which he resumed the practice of his profession at Trenton; was a member of the "Peace Congress " of 1861. Randolph, Peter; was born in Maryland: on removing to Mississippi, was appointed a Judge of ;he United States Court for the District of Missis- ippi. Randolph, Peyton ; was born in Virginia in 1723; was one of the most distinguished lawyers and patriots of that State; in 1756 was appointed King s Attorney for the Colony of Virginia, and held the office for many years; in 1766 was elected Speaker of the House of Burgesses; in 1773 was a member of the Committee on Correspondence; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775, and was the first President of that body. Died suddenly, in Phil adelphia. October 22, 1775, aged fifty-two years. Randolph, Theodore F.; was born at New- Brunswick, New Jersey. June :24. 1826; was con nected by marriage with Chief Justice Marshall, and cast his first vote in Mississippi; resided in Hudson County, New Jersey, from 1850 to 1862; then re moved to Morristown; in 1860 was elected to the House of Assembly, and declined the Speakership of that body; in 1861 was Chairman of the Special Committee on the "Peace Congress," and inaugur ated the measure for the relief of the families of soldiers; in 1861 was elected State Senator, to fill an unexpired term, and re-elected in 1862. serving until 1865; in 1862 was appointed Commissioner of Draft for Hudson County; in 1867 was elected President of the Morris and Essex Railroad Company; was elected Governor of New Jersey in 1868; caused a repeal of the " Odious Camden and Amboy Monopoly Tax," and established a general railway law; made the State Prison system self-supporting; suggested the plan for the new State Lunatic Asylum, now the largest in the world; also settled a fued of thirty years standing between the Erie and Delaware Rail roads; after the expiration of his term as Governor engaged in farming and mining; was elected United States Senator from New Jersey in 1874 for six years; was a member of the "National Democratic Conven tions" of 1864 and 1872. Died at his home, No vember 7, 1883. Randolph, Thomas Mann; was a native of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1807; was appointed Colonel of the Twen tieth Infantry in 1813; was Governor of Virginia from 1819 to 1822. Died at Monticello, June 20, 1828. Rankin Christopher ; was born in Washing ton County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi, from 1819 to 1826. Died March 14, 1826, in Washington City. 41-2 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Rankin, Joseph; was born at Passaic, New Jersey, September 25. 1833; received an academic education; removed to Wisconsin, and settled at Manitowac; served three years in the Union Army during the Civil War; served in the State Legisla ture eleven years; was Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876 and ii was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Died at Washington, District of Columbia, November 8, 1885. Ranney, Ambrose A.; was born at Townshend, Vermont, April 16, 1821; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1844; studied law, and commenced prac tice in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1848; was Corpora tion Counsel in 1855 and 1856; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857, 1863, and 1864; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty-seventh. Forty-eighth and Forty -ninth Congresses. Ransier, Alonzo J.; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in January, 1834; was self-educated; was employed as shipping-clerk; was one of the fore most in the work of Reconstruction in 1865; was a member of a " Convention of the Friends of Equal Rights" in October, 1865, at Charleston, and was deputed to present the memorial there framed to Congress; was elected to the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; to the State Legislature in 1868; was Chairman of the State Republican Committee, which position he held until 1872; was elected a Presidential Elector in 1868; Lieutenant-Governor in 1870; was President of the Convention at Columbia in 1871; was a Vice-President of the " Philadelphia Convention " in 1872; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Ransom, Epaphroditus ; was born in Massa chusetts; received a collegiate education; studied law and was admitted to the bar in his native State; re moved to Michigan about the time that it became a State and settled at Kalamazoo; served a number of years in the Legislature; was Judge of the Supreme Court, where his field of labor was very extensive; subsequently, taking a special interest in the build ing of plank roads in his section of country, became involved, and in that manner lost the bulk of his property; resigned his Judgeship in 1845; from 1847 to 1849 was Governor of the State; afterwards made himself useful to the State by acting as President of the Michigan Agricultural Society; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Receiver of the Land Office for one of the districts of Kansas, and died there be fore the expiration of his term. He was a man of sound sense, and left a worthy reputation in Michi gan ; was, on several occasions, appointed a Regent of the State University. Ransom, Mathew W.; was born in Warren County, North Carolina, October 8, 1826; received an academic education; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1847; studied law and came to the bar in 1847; was elected Attorney-General of North Carolina in 1852, and resigned in 1855; was a mem ber of the Legislature in 1858, 1859, and 1860; was a Peace Commissioner from the State to the Congress of Southern States at Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861; entered the Confederate Army; was Lieutenant- Colonel, Brigadier-General, and Major-General, and surrendered at Appomattox; was elected to the United States Senate in 1872 for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Patents, Politi cal Disabilities, Revision of Laws, and Military Affairs; was re-elected for the term of six years, in 1876, and again re-elected in 1883. Rantoul, Robert; was born in Beverly, Massa chusetts. May 13, 1805; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1826, studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1827, and settled in practice at South Reading; removed to Gloucester in 1832; was elected to the State Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education; in 1838 re moved to Boston; in 1843 was appointed Collector of that port; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, United States District Attorney for Massachusetts; in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in the United States Senate, but remained there only a short time; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, August 7, 1852. His writings have since been published in a large volume. Rapier, James T.; was born in Florence, Ala bama, in 1840; was educated in Canada; was ap pointed Notary Public in 1866; was a member of the first Republican Convention held in Alabama; repre sented Lauderdale County in the Constitutional Con vention in 1867; was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue in 1871; was State Commissioner to the Vienna Exposition in 1873; was elected to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committees on Educa tion and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Rariden, James ; was a native of Kentucky; was an early settler of the White Water Valley, In diana; was self-educated ; became eminent as a law yer; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1841. Died at Cambridge City in that State. Rathbun, George; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Raum, Green B.; was born in Golconda, Pope County, Illinois, December 3, 1829; received a good education and adopted the profession of the law ; in , 1861 participated in the war for the Union as Major of the Fifty-sixth Illinois Volunteers; was promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1862; to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General in 1864; to the full rank of Briga dier in 1865, serving in the Army of the Tennessee until January of the latter year; commanded a brig ade with General McPherson during the siege of Vicksburg; went with General Sherman to Chatta nooga in 1863, commanding a brigade; was at the battle of Mission Ridge, and commanded a brigade during the great march through Georgia in 1864; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Military Affairs; was Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 1876 to 1883, when he resigned and engaged in the practice of law in Washington City. Rawlins, John A.; was born in Galena, Illinois, February 13, 1831; received an academic education; studied law and came to the bar in 1854; from the outset of the Rebellion he espoused the Union cause; went upon the staff of his personal friend, General Grant, as Assistant Adjutant-General; after seeing much service in the field, rose, by degrees, to the rank of Major-General by brevet, commissioned as such March 13, 1865; served as Chief of Staff to the General commanding the armies; on the accession of BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 413: General Grant to the Presidency, General Raw! ins : ; was appointed Secretary of War. Died in Washing ton, September 6, 1869. Ray, George "W". ; was born at Otselic, Chenango County, New York, February 3, 1844; received an academic education; served in the Union Army dur ing the war of the Rebellion; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867; engaged in the practice of his profession at Norwich, New York; was Chair man of the Republican County Committee for several years; was a Delegate to the Republican State Con vention in 1880; a member of the Republican State Committee in 1880 and 1881 ; was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. Ray, James B. ; was Governor of Indiana from 1825 to 1831. Ray, Ossian ; was born at Hinesburg, Vermont, December 13, 1835; received an academic education; studied law; removed to Lancaster, New Hampshire, in 1854; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1857; was Solicitor for Coos County from 1862 to 1872; was a Representative in the State Legis lature in 1868 and 1869; was a Delegate to the Repub lican National Convention of 1872; was United States District Attorney in 1879 and 1880; resigned to take his seat as a Representative from New Hampshire to the Forty-sixth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Evarts W. Farr; was re-elected to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Ray, "William H.; was born in Dutchess Coun ty, New York, December 14, 1812; removed to Oneida County in 1813, and in 1834 to Illinois; received a common school education ; was a merchant and banker; in 1869 was appointed one of the Board of Equalizers; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Raymond, Henry J.; was born at Lima, Liv ingston County, New York, January 24, 1820; as a boy worked upon his father s farm in summer, and attended school in winter; became a teacher in a dis trict school when sixteen years of age; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840; soon afterwards removed to New York City; while studying law, taught the classics and wrote for the Neio Yorker; in 1841 became the managing editor of the New York Tribune, and did much for its reputation; subse quently became the leading editor of the New York Courier and Enquirer, performing at the same time the duties of reader for the firm of Harper Brothers; in 1849 was elected to the State Assembly; was re- elected and made Speaker; relinquishing his position on the Courier on account of his health, traveled in Europe; on his return, in 1851, established the New York Times, which was eminently successful ; in 1852 attended the "Baltimore Convention " as a reporter, but became a delegate, and took an important part in its proceedings; in 1856 became a leader in the Republican party ; was subsequently chosen Lieuten- ant-Governor of New York; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1869; was again elected to the State Legislature; in 1864 was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, on Rules, and Foreign Affairs, and as Chairman of a Special Committee on the Ventilation of the Hall of Representatives; visited Europe a second time, and wrote a series of war letters, which attracted much attention: in 1885 published a . Life of Abraham Lincoln," including a history of his administration, which was subsequently amplified and published as| the Life. Public Services, and State Papers of Abra- ham Lincoln"; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Convention " of 1866. Died in New York, June 18, 1869. Raymond, John B.; was born at Lockport, New York, December 5, 1844; received a good educa tion; removed to Tazewell County, Illinois, in 1853; served in the Union Army throughout the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Captain; in 1865 re moved to Mississippi and published the Mississippi Pilot, at Jackson, in that State; in 1877 was ap pointed United States Marshal for the Territory of Dakota, and served five years, declining a re-appoint ment; was elected the Delegate from Dakota to the Forty-eighth Congress. Died December 27, 1885. Rayner, Kenneth ; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, May 2, 1810; received an academic education; studied law, but did not practice; entered public life in 1835 as a member of the House of Commons, and the same year was a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; served again in the local Legislature in 1836 and 1838; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1845, and a Presidential Elector in 1848; in 1846, for the third time, went into the Legislature; in 1866 published the Life and Services of Andrew Johnson"; in June, 1877, was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury of the United States. Died at Washington,*Febru- ary 5, 1884. Rea, David ; was born in Ripley County, Indi ana, January 19, 1831 ; received an academic educa tion; removed to Missouri in 1842, and settled at Savannah; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1862; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-fifth Congress. Rea, John; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to" 1315. Read, Almon H.; was born in Shelburne, Ver mont, June 12, 1790; graduated at Williamstown College; studied law; removing to Pennsylvania was frequently elected to the State Legislature; also to the Senate; in 1840 was appointed Treasurer of the State; in 1841 was elected to fill a vacancy in the National House of Representatives, and re-elected to the succeeding Congress: was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1836. Died at Mon- trose, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1844. Read, George ; was born in Cecil County, Mary land, in 1733; removed, with his father, to New Castle County, Delaware; was educated for the law, was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia at the age of nineteen, and practiced his profession in New Castle; was made Attorney-General of the three lower counties on the Delaware in 1763, and held the office until he was chosen a Delegate to Congress in 1775; in 1776 >vas a signer of the Declaration of In dependence; was President of the Convention which framed the first Constitution of Delaware; was also a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; was elected a member of the United States Senate, serv ing from 1789 to 1793; was then appointed Chief Jus tice of the Supreme Court of Delaware, in which office he remained until his death in 1798; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Read, J.; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. 414 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALb. Read, Jacob ; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1786 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State foi the term from 1795 to 1802, serving a short time as President pro tern, of that body; in 1801 was ap pointed, by President Adams, Judge of the Unitec States District Court of South Carolina. Bead, John Meredith ; was born in Philadel phia in 1837; son of the eminent Judge bearing the same name; graduated at Brown University in 1858 at the Albany Law School in 1859; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, but settled in Albany, New York; was Adjutant-General of New York during the Rebellion; Trustee of Cornell University; was the author of a work on " Plants and Animals," one on " Hendrick Hudson, " and also of many miscellaneous writings; was Consul-General at Paris; in 1873 wa appointed Minister Resident to Greece. Read, Lazarus H.; was an early emigrant to Utah; in 1853 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Read, Nathan ; was born in Essex County, Mas sachusetts, in 1760; graduated at Harvard University in 1781, and, two years afterwards, officiated as tutor in that institution; was a Representative in Con gress fr.om Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803, having succeeded S. Seawell; removed to Hallowell, Maine, and was, for many years, Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas; was devoted to science, and a petitioner for a patent for an invention before the Patent Laws were enacted; before the time of Fulton s experi ments, had tried the effect of steam upon a boat in Wenham Pond. Died at Hallo well, Maine, Jan uary 20,1849. Read. Thomas B.; was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi from 1826 to 1827, and also during the session of 1829. Died suddenly at Lexington. Kentucky, November 26, 1829, while on his way to Washington. He was in the meridian of life, and a man of talent. Read, William B.; was born in Hardin County Kentucky, December 14, 1820; studied law and came to the bar in 1849; was appointed Visitor to West Point in 1856; was elected to the State Senate of Kentucky in 1857, and again in 1861; was a Dele gate to the National Democratic Conventions of Charleston and Baltimore in 1860, and of Chicago in 1864; was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky in 867; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty- third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Reade, Ed-win GK; was born in Orange County North Carolina, November 13, 1812; received a liberal education jstudied law; was admitted to the bar in 836, in Person County, North Carolina, and engaged in a lucrative practice; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1855, serving until 1857; was a mem ber and President of the " Reconstruction Conven tion," held in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1865. Reading, John R.; was born in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; November 1, 1826- graduated at the Jeuerson Medical College, and entered upon the practice of medicine; was elected a Representa tive from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress serving on the Committees on the Militia and Re trench ment. Ready Charles; was born at Ready ville, Kutherford County, Tennessee, December ?> 1802- graduated at Greenville College, and received from the Nashville University the degree of Master of Arts; was bred a lawyer, and practiced his profession with success; was a member of the Tennessee Legis lature in 1835, and closely identified with the or ganization of the Judiciary; by special commission twice presided in the Supreme Court of Tennessee; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1853, to which position he was twice re- elected, and was a member of the Committee on the Judiciary; he took part in the Rebellion. Reagan, John H.; was born in Sevier County, Tennessee, October 8, 1818; became a lawyer by profession; was appointed Deputy Surveyor "in the Republic of Texas in 1840; in 1843 was a Justice of the Peace, and a Militia Captain; in 1846, Probate Judge and Colonel of Militia; was elected a member of the Legislature in 1847; was a Judge of the Dis trict Court from 1852 to 1857; in 1856 was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expenditures in the Post Office Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; withdrew in February, 1861, and became Postmaster-General of the Confederate Government; was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort Warren; was released by order of President Johnson; was elected to the Forty -fourth Congress as a Representative from Texas, and w:is re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Reavis, Isaac; was born in Illinois; removed to Nebraska; was appointed from that Territory an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Arizona, residing in Arizona City. Rector, Henry M.; was Governor of Arkansas from 1860 to 1864. Reding, John R.; was born in New Hamp shire; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1845; from 1853 to 1858 held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Portsmouth. Reed, Charles M.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Reed, Edward C.; was born in Fitzwilliam New Hampshire, March 8, 1793; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1812; settled at Homer, New York, as a lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. Reed, Isaac ; was born in Waldoborough, Maine, in 1810; was a merchant by occupation; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Maine from 1852 to 1853 served six years in the State Legislature; was State Treasurer in 1856; was President of the Waldobor ough Bank. Reed, John; was born in Plymouth County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Yale College in 1772- was ordained a minister of the Gospel in 1780, and settled at West Bridgewater, Massachusetts; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 17!)5 101. Died February 17, 1831, aged eighty years. Reed, John ; was born at Bridgewater, Massa- m 1781; was a graduate of Brown Univers- 03; a lawyer by profession; was a Represent- itive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 817, and again from 1821 to 1841; was Lieutenant- Governor of Massachusetts from 1844 to 1851. Died at Bridgewater, November 25, 1860 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 415 Reed, Joseph ; was born in New Jersey, August -27, 1741; graduated at Princeton College in 1757; studied law at the Temple in London; in 1774 was one of the Committee of Correspondence in Philadel phia; was President of the first popular convention in Pennsylvania; accompanied Washington as an Aid when he went to Cambridge, and remained with him through the campaign; in 1776 was appointed Adju tant-General of the army; was appointed a General of Cavalry, but declined the position, though he was present at the battle of Germantown; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation; was President of Pennsylvania in the latter year, continuing in the office until 1781. when he resumed the practice of law; in 1784 visited England for his health, but without beneficial results. Died March 4. 1785. An attempt was made, by the British, to bribe him, but it was treated with the utmost scorn. Reed, Philip ; was born in Kent County, Mary land; was a Senator in Congress from Maryland from 1806 to 1813; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1822 to 1823, having successfully contested the seat of Jeremiah Causden. Died November 2, 1829. Reed, Robert R.; was born in Pennsylvania: studied medicine and practiced the profession ; served one or two terms in the Legislature of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Died at Harrisburg, December 15, 1864. Reed, Thomas B.; was born at Portland, Maine, October 18, 1839; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1860; studied law; was Acting Assistant Paymaster United States Navy in 1864 and 1865; was admitted to the bar in 1865 and commenced practice at Port land; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1868 and 1869, and a State Senator in 1870; was Attorney-General of the State from 1870 to 1872; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Reed, "William ; was a native of Massachusetts; an eminent merchant, and highly esteemed for his benevolent and religious character; was a member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1815; was President of the Sabbath-school Union of Massachu setts, and of the American Tract Society; Vice-Presi dent of the American Education Society; a member of the Board of Visitors of the Theological Seminary at Andover, and of the Board of Trustees of Dart mouth College ; besides liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent objects, of which $17.000 were to Dartmouth College, $10,000 to Amherst College, $10,000 to the Board of Commis sioners for Foreign Missions, $9,000 to the First Church and Society in Marblehead, $7,000 to the Second Congregational Church at Marblehead, and $5,000 to the Library of the Theological Seminary at Andover. Died at Marblehead, February 18, 1837, very suddenly, while attending a Sabbath-school meeting. Reed, "William Bradford ; was born in Phila delphia, June 30, 1806 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1822; was Attorney-General in Pennsylvania in 1838; w as United States Minister to China in 1857 and 1858. and negotiated the Treaty ratified in 1861; was the author of " Life and Corres pondence of Joseph Reed," " Life of Esther Reed," " Vindication of Joseph Reed," in reply to Bancroft s History, in several pamphlets; edited the posthumus works of his brother Henry, and published a large number of historical addresses and political pam phlets; also contributed to the American Quarterly, and North American Review; passed the latter years of his life in the city of New York, where he died February 18, 1886. Reese, David A.; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1853 to 1855. Reese, Seaborn ; was born at Madison, Georgia, November 28, 1846; was educated partly at the Uni versity of Georgia, leaving that institution in his senior year, 1868; commenced the practice of law in 1869; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature for the term of two years; was So licitor-General of the Northern Judicial Circuit from 1877 to 1880; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty- seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of A. H. Stephens; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Reeves, Henry A.; was born in Sag Harbor, Long Island, in 1833 ; after going through a course oi studies at the University of Michigan, graduated at Union College, New York, in 1852; taught school for two years; studied law, and came to the bar in Brooklyn, New York, in 1857; in 1858 purchased the Republican Watchman, published at Greenport, Long Island, and edited the same; in 1861 was arrested, by order of Secretary Seward, and confined for five weeks in Fort Lafayette, for alleged disloyalty; in 1868 waa elected a Representative from New York to the For ty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri culture, and Navy Department. Reid, David S.; was born in Rockingham County, North Carolina, April 19, 1813; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1834; was elected to the State Legislature in 1835, and served continu ously until 1842; in 1843 was elected a jRepresenta- tive in Congress from North Carolina; was reflected in 1845; in 1850 was elected Governor of North Caro lina; was re-elected in 1852, serving until 1855, when he was elected a Senator in Congress for four years; was Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and a member of the Commit tee on Commerce; was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Reid, James W.; was born at Wentworl h, Rockingham County, North Carolina, June 11, 1849; attended academic schools at Winston, Went worth, and Thomasville, North Carolina; labored on a farm two years: passed through the sophomore rear at Trinity College, North Carolina; completed his edu cation while student-tutor at Emory and Henry Col lege, Virginia, from which institution he graduated in June, 1869; read law while teaching school; was admitted to the bar in 1873, and engaged in the practice of law at Wentworth; was elected County Treasurer of Rockingham County, North Carolina, in 1874. and was continuously re-elected until Novem ber, 1884; was Secretary, and Chairman in 1884, of the Democratic Executive Committee of Rockingham County for ten years; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-ninth Congress; in- January, 1855, at a special election, was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress, to fill the unexpired term of Alfred M. Scales. Reid, John "W.; was born at Lynchburg, Vir ginia, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English educa tion; removed to Missouri in 1840; studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ; served with credit in the 416 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Mexican War, in 1846, as Captain of a company of mounted volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan; settled in Jackson County, practicing his profession; served two sessions in the Missouri Legislature; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty -seventh Congress; was expelled from the House in December, 1861. % Reid, Robert R.; was born in Beaufort District, South Carolina, in 1789; removed early in life to Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1818 to 1823; was elected Mayor of Au gusta on his retirement from Congress; was also a Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia; in 183:2 was appointed, by President Jackson, District Judge for Eastern Florida; was appointed, by President Van Buren, Governor of the Territory of Florida from 18.".!) to 1841; was a member of the Convention which formed a State Constitution for Florida, over which body he presided in a creditable manner. Died near Tallahassee, July 1. 1844. Reilly, James B. ; was born in Schuylkill Coun ty, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1845; graduated at Pottsville High School; studied law, and was admit ted to practice in 18(59; was elected District Attorney in 1871, and served in that office until 1875; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Reilly, John ; was born at Abnerville, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1836; received a common school education; was clerk in a country store from the age of sixteen until eighteen; in 18f>4 entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the Engineer Corps; filled various minor positions until 1865, when he was appointed Superin tendent of Transportation ; was President of the Board of City Commissioners of Altoona in 1867 and 18; i8; was President of the Bell s Gap Railroad Com pany during 1872 and 1873, and was also connected with the manufacturing and mining interests of the State; in 1874 was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. Reilly, "Wilson; was born in Pennsylvania; fol lowed, for a time, the business of a hatter; in 1857 was elected a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents; was afterwards devoted to the practice of law. Reily, Luther ; was born in Pennsylvania- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Relfe, James H.; was born in Virginia- settled in Missouri ; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. r .. Abraham; was born in Wake County <- l ma; "* I 822 gradated at the University of that State; practiced law for a time, but taking an interest in politics was elected to Congress where he served from 182!) to 1839, and again from 1841 t, 1843; was Charge d Affaim to Portugal in 1843 Us Governor <* ^ Revels Hiram R.; was born in Fayetteville North Caro Una, September 1, 1822, of African scent; deam to obtain an educat i re^/J, iana; spent some time at the Quaker Seminary in mon County, and at the Clark County Seminary when he became a preacher; at the breaking out of war assisted m the organization of the first colored regiments in Maryland and Missouri; taught school in St. Louis; then went to Vicksburg and as sisted in managing the freedmen s affairs; followed the army to Jackson; organized churches, and lectured; spent the next two years in Kansas and Missouri, preaching and lecturing; returned to Mis sissippi, and settled at Natchez ; was chosen a mem ber of the City Council; was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi, from February, 1870, to March, 1871, having been the first of his race elected to that position; subsequently became a preacher in the Methodist church, and was quite successful. Reynolds, Gideon; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851. Reynolds, James B.; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1823 to 1825. Reynolds, John ; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1789, of Irish parents, who landed in Philadelphia in 1786; was a member of a company of scouts in the campaigns against the Indians, in 1812 and 1813; practiced law at Cahokia; was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1818: was a member of the Legislature from 1826 to 1830, 1846 to 1848, 1852 to 1854; served during the last term as Speaker; was Governor of Illinois from 183 ) to 1834; commanded the Illinois Volunteers during the Black Hawk War in 1832; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1843: published "Pioneer History of Illinois," in 1848; " Glance at the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," in 1854; "My Life and Times, in 1855, and at one time conducted the Belle ville Eagle, a daily paper. Died at Belleville, Illi nois, May 8, 1865. Reynolds, John H.; was born in Moreau. Sara toga County, New York, June 21, 1819; received his education at the academies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, and Kinderhook, New York, and was also at Bennington. Vermont; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1843; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, Postmaster at Albany, New York; was removed in 1854, for insubordination as a party man; in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Judiciary; was subse quently appointed a Judgeof the Court of Appeals of New York, and also a Commissioner of Appeals. Died at Kinderhook, September 24, 1875. Reynolds, Joseph; was born in New York- was a Representative in Congress from that State from 18:55 to 1837; also served in the Assembly of that State in 1819. Reynolds, Robert M.; was born in Mns- kingum County, Ohio, August 30, 1826; received a classical education; removed to Illinois in 1847 and to Iowa in 1851; was Principal of an Academy and leacherof Mathematics for ten years; studied law ] enlisted in the First Iowa Cavalry in 1861- became a 1 veteran b 7 re-enlistment in 1864; was three times wounded m action; was mustered out of service as a Captain in 1865; in that year settled in Alabama- wa ^ a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; was admitted to the bar at Montgomery, Alabama; in 1868 was elected Auditor of the State I and served more than four years; was Minister Resi- ?S* ol thc United States to Bolivia from 1874 to TT * , 1! L 8 WaS a PP intef 1 First Auditor of th United States Treasury at Washington. PENSION BUREAU BUILDING, WASHINGTON. MANOR HOUSE (THE HOME OF WASHINGTON) MT. VERNON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 417 Reynolds, Thomas; was born in Bracken Coun ty, Kentucky, March 12, 1796; studied law, and settled in Illinois when quite young; was Clerk of the State House of Representatives; was afterwards elected a Representative in the Legislature and made Speaker; was Attorney-General of the State; Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1828 removed to Missouri, where he was a member of the State Legislature, and President Judge of a Court of Justice ; was Governor of Missouri from 1840 to 1844: became a monomaniac, and committed suicide, at Jefferson City, February, 9, 1844. Rhea, John; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1803 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823; in 1816 was appointed United States Com missioner to treat with the Choctaws. Died May 27, 1832, aged seventy -nine years. Rhett, Robert Barnwell; was born in Beau fort, South Carolina, December 24, 1800; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1826 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1832 was elected Attorney-General of South Caro lina; was a Representative in Congress from 1838 to 1849; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1850, 1851, and a part of 1852. resigning contrary to the wishes of his State; he is said to have been the first man who proposed, and advocated on the floor of Congress, a dissolution of the Union ; took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confed erate Congress; was a Delegate to the New York Con vention of 1868. Rhodes, Samuel ; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775. Ricaud, James B.; was born at Baltimore, Maryland, February 11, 1808: graduated at W T ash- ington College, Maryland; was a lawyer by profes sion; was a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1834. and of the State Senate of Mary land from 1836 to 1844. inclusive; was a Presidential Elector in 1836 and 1844; was a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and also on that for Investigating the Accounts of a late Clerk of the House; resigned his seat in the Maryland Senate, and was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court. Died at Chestertown, Maryland, January 24, 1866. Rice, Alexander H.; was born in Newton, Massachusetts, in August, 1818; received a common school education; served in his father s paper mill as a clerk while yet a mere boy; subsequently gradu ated at Union College in 1844, after which he en tered, on his own account, into the paper business; in 1853 was elected to the Common Council of Bos ton, and became the President of that body; was Mayor of Boston in 1856 and 1857; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- Bixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which capacity he introduced a large number of important measures; was also re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Unfinished Business, and Naval Af fairs; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866, and to the Chicago Convention of 1868; was subsequently elected Mayor of Boston; was Governor of Massachusetts from 1876 to 1879. 27 Rice, Americus V.; was born in Perry ville, Ashland County, Ohio, November 18, 1835; graduated at Union College, New York, in 1860; served in the war for the Union from 1861 to 1865, entering as a private and coming out as a Brigadier-General ; was wounded a number of times, and lost his right leg in Georgia; in 1864 was elected to Congress on the home vote, but was defeated by the soldiers vote, in 1868 became manager of a banking house in Ottawa, Ohio; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Rice, Benjamin F.; was born in East Otto, Cattaraugus County, New York, May 26, 1828; re ceived an academic education; taught school for sev eral winters; studied law, and came to the bar at Twine, Kentucky; was elected to the State Legisla ture in 1865; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; removed to Minnesota in 1860; entered the Volun teer Army in 1861 as a private; was made Captain; served as such during the war, declining several offers of promotion ; after the war settled at Little Rock, Arkansas; practiced law there, and organized the Republican party in that State; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress from Arkansas, for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Claims, JJistrict of Columbia, the Pacific Railway, and the Judiciary. Rice, Edward Y.; was born in Logan County, Kentucky, February 8, 1820; educated at Shurtleff College; studied law; in 1847 was elected County Recorder of Montgomery County, Illinois; was a member of the Legislature in 1849; was elected Judge of Montgomery County, and served two years; was appointed Master in Chancery from 1853 until 1857, when he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Circuit of Illinois; was re-elected in 1861, and in 1867; was a member of the Constitutional Conven tion of Illinois in 1869; was elected to the Forty- second Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec tions. Rice, Henry H.; was born in Waitsfield, Ver mont, November 29, 1816; emigrated to Michigan in 1835, when it was a Territory, and was employed in making surveys of the Kalamazoo and Grand Rivers, and also for a ship canal at the outlet of Lake Su perior; after that time lived in three other Territor ies, viz. : Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, much of his life being spent among the wild Indian tribes of the Northwest; in 1839 was appointed a Sutler in the army; was employed as Commissioner in making many Indian treaties of great importance; in 1853 was elected a Delegate to Congress from Minnesota; was re-elected in 1855; having secured the passage of the act authorizing the people of Minnesota to form a State Constitution; in 1857 was elected a Senator in Congress from Minnesota for the term of six years; at the commencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, was appointed a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Post Offices and Post Roads; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Convention" of 1866; was one of the original proprietors of St. Paul and Bayfield; when in Congress was a member of the famous Peace Committee of 1861. Rice, John B.; was born in Easton, Maryland, in 1809; received a common school education; re moved to Chicago, Illinois; was an actor and man ager of a theatre until 1857; was elected Mayor of Chicago in 1865; re-elected in 1867; was elected to the Forty -third Congress; was appointed Librarian of the House of Representatives. Died in Norfolk, Virginia, December 17, 1 874. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Rice, John B.; was born at Fremont, Ohio adopted the medical profession; served in the Union Army as Assistant-Surgeon. Surgeon, and Surgeon in-Chief of a Division during the War of the Rebel lion; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh Congress. Rice, John H.; was born in Mount Vernon, Ken nfcbec County. Maine, February 5. 1816; received a good common school education; bet wee" the year. 1832 and 18.J8 held a variety of local offices at Au gusta; devoted some attention to the study of law served as a Staff Officer during the troubles connected with the northeastern boundary; in 1840 was ap pointed Deputy Sheriff of Kennebec County; in 1842 settled in Piscataquis County, and devoted himselt to the lumbering business until 1848: subsequently practiced law; in 1852 was elected a State Attorney for three years; was re-elected, and held the office un til he was chosen a Representative from Maine to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Patents; was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman^of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, a member of the Committee on the Terri tories, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Frontier Defenses; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing on the same Committees; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Con vention " of 1866; in February, 1867, was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of the Port of Ban- gor, Maine. Rice, John M.; was born in Floyd County, Ken tucky; served in the Legislature of Kentucky in 1859 and 1867; was elected a Representative from Ken tucky to the Forty-first Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pen sions. Rice, Theron M.; was born at Mecca, Ohio, Sep tember 21, 1829; was reared on a farm; received an academic education; taught school and studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice,; in 1658 removed to Missouri; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Colonel; at the close of the war re sumed the practice of law at Tipton. Missouri; was . elected Circuit Judge in 1868, and served six years: was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-seventh Congress. Rice, Thomas ; graduated at Harvard Univers ity in 1791; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1813; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1819. Died in 1854. Rice, William W.; was born at Deerfield Mas sachusetts, March 7, 1826; graduated at Bowdoin College in 146; was Preceptor in Leicester Acad emy, Massachusetts, for four years; studied law and commenced practice at Worcester, Massachu setts; was Judge of Insolvency for Worcester County in 1858; was Mayor of Worcester in 1860; was Dis trict Attorney for the Middle District of Massachu setts from 1869 to 1874; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1875; was elected a Representa tive from Massachusetts to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Rich, Charles ; was born in Hampshire County Massachusetts, in 177J : was a Representative in Con gress from Vermont from 1811 to 1812, and again from, 1817 to 1824. Died at Shoreham, Vermont. October 15, 1824. Rich, John T.; was born at Conneautville, Penn sylvania, April 23, 1841; removed, with his parents, to Vermont in 1846. and to Michigan in 1848, set tling at Elba: received an academic education; en gaged in farming; was Chairman of the Board of Su pervisors of Lapeer County ; was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1872, 1874, 1(S70, and 1878. serving as Speaker during the last two terms; was State Senator in 1880; resigned in 1881, having been elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Omar D. Conger to the United States Senate. Richard, G-abriel; was born at Saintes, in France, October 15, 1764; was educated at Angiers; received orders at a C atholic Seminary in Paris, in 1790; came to America in 1798; was, for a time, Pro fessor of Mathematics in St. Mary s College, Mary land; labored in Illinois as a missionary ; went to Detroit, Michigan, in 1799, whence he was sent as a Delegate to Congress in 1823; during his ministry it became his duty, according to the Roman Catholic religion, to excommunicate one of his parishioners, who had been divorced from his wife; the parishioner prosecuted the priest for defamation of character, which resulted in his obtaining a verdict of one thou sand dollars; this money the priest could not pay, and he was, consequently, imprisoned in the common jail. As he had already been elected a Delegate to Congress, he went from his prison, in the wilds of Michigan, to his seat on the floor of Congress; in 1809 visited Boston, took a printing press to Michigan, and started a journal called the Michigan Essay, which failed for want of readers ; then published some Roman Catholic books, and the Laws of the Terri tory, all in French; in 1812, after Hull s surrender, was taken prisoner, and after his release, finding his people in want, purchased wheat and gave it to the destitute. He was master of several languages, and was a man of superior ability and rare benevolence. Died at Detroit, September 13. 1832. Richards, Jacob ; was a Representative in Con- jressfrom Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1809. Richards, John ; was a Representative in Con- jress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797. Richards, John ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Richards, Mark ; was born in New Haven, Con necticut; was a member of the State Legislature for eight years; was County Sheriff for five years; was a Presidential Elector in 1813; was a State Counselor in 1813 and 1815; was a Representative in Congress Tom Vermont from 1817 to 1821 ; was Lieutenant- overnor of Vermont in 1830. Richards, Matthias ; was born in 1757; was a Judge of Berks County, Pennsylvania, from 1788 to 1797; was a Representative in "Congress from Penn sylvania from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1830. Richardson, David P.; was born at Macedon, New York, May 28, 18:53; graduated at Yale College n 1856; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 18(J4; removed to Angelica, New York, in 1866, and en BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 419 gaged in the practice of his profession ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth .and Forty-seventh Congresses. Richardson, James B.; was a native of South Carolina, and Governor of that State from 1802 to 1804. Richardson, James Daniel ; was born in Rutherford County, Tennessee. March 10. 1843; re ceived an academic education; entered the Con federate Army in 1861, as a private; in 1862 was commissioned, and made Adjutant of the Forty-fifth Tennessee Infantry, in which capacity he served until the close of the war; was wounded at the bat tle of Resaca, Georgia, in 1864; after the close of the war, studied law, and was admitted to . practice at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in 1866, and commenced practice there; in 1870 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker on the first day of the session ; in 1872 was elected State Senator and served two years; in 1873. when thirty years of age, was made Grand Master of Masons for the State of Tennessee; also became Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of the State ; in 1 884 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty- ninth Congress. Richardson, John Peter ; was born at Hickory Hill, Sumter District, South Carolina, April 14,1801: graduated at South Carolina College in 1819; was a member of the State Legislature from 1824 to 1836; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1840; was Governor of South Carolina from 1840 to 1842: opposed the ordinance of Nullification, and was a leader of the Union Party; in 1850 was one of the Delegates-at-large from South Carolina to the South ern Convention; in 1851 presided over the meeting of the Southern Rights Association in Charleston, and opposed the separate secession of the State in 1852. Richardson. John S.; was born in South Caro lina in 1777; was an Associate Judge of the General Sessions and of the Common Pleas, and Presiding Judge of the Court of Appeals; was elected a mem ber of Congress in 1820, but owing to some exigency in his private affairs, was not qualified; was a mem ber of the State Legislature, and Attorney-General lor the State of South Carolina. Died at Charleston, May 11, 1850. Richardson, John S.; was born near Sumter, South Carolina, February 29, 1828; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1850; studied law: was ad mitted to the bar in 1852; settled at Sumter as a lawyer and farmer; served in the Confederate Army as a commissioned officer during the War of the Re bellion; was a member of the State House of Repre sentatives from 18G5 to 18G7; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876; was de feated as a candidate for the Forty -fifth Congress; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Richardson, Joseph ; was born at Billerica, Massachusetts, February 1, 1778; graduated at Dart- I mouth College in 1802; was a Representative in Con- i gress from Massachusetts from 1827 to 1831; was senior Pastor over the First Church at Hingham, 1 .Massachusetts, for fifty years. Richardson, "William Alexander ; was born ; in Fayette County, Kentucky; graduated at the ; Transylvania University; studied law. and came to \ the bar before attaining his twentieth year, and soon : after settled in Illinois; in 1835 was elected State ; Attorney; in 1836 a member of the State Legislature; jp 1838 was elected to the State Senate; in 1844 was again elected to the Legislature, and made Speaker of the House; was also chosen a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1846 served as Captain in the Mexican War, and on the battle-field of Buena Vista was pro moted by the unanimous vote of the regiment; in 1847 was elected a Representative in Congress from Illinois, where he continued to serve by re-election until 1856, when he resigned; in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Governor of Nebraska, which position he resigned in 1858: in 1860 was against his consent again elected to the House of Representatives, but, in 1863, before the expiration of his term, was elected a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of his friend, S. A. Douglas, serving on the Committees on Territories and the District of Columbia; was a Delegate to the New York Conven tion of 1868. Died at Quincy, Illinois, December 27, 1875. Richardson, William Adams ; was born in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, November 2, 1821; graduated at Harvard University in 1843: was made Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws at that institu tion in 1846, and came to ihe bar in the same year; was at once made Judge Advocate of the Massachu setts Militia, and held the office four years; in 1849 was chosen to the Common Council of Lowell, and also in 1853 and 1854. acting as President; was iden tified with several banking institutions, and Presi dent of Wamoset Bank; in 1855 was appointed tore- vise the Statutes of Massachusetts; subsequently was appointed, by the Legislature, to edit the annual supplements to the General Statutes, which he con tinued to do for twenty-two years: in 1856 became a Judge of Probate, and two years later Judge of Pro bate and Insolvency, serving as such for sixteen years: in 1863 was made an Overseer of Harvard Col lege; in 18(i!> declined a Superior Court Judgeship, and became -Assistant Secretary of the Treasury De partment; in 1871 went to Europe as a Financial Agent for the Government; in 1873 was appointed Secretary of the Treasury; in 1874 resigned that position to accept a seat on the Bench of the United States Court of Claims; published, among other things, "The Banking Laws of Massachusetts," in 1855, and Practical Information Concerning the Public Debt of the United States," with the " National Banking Laws, in 1872; the supplement to the Revised Sta tutes of the United States, under appointment of Congress, in 1881: received the degree of LL.D. from Columbian University in 1873, from Georgetown Col lege in 1881, and from Howard University in 1882; January 20, 1885, was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court of Claims. Richardson, "William M.; was born at Pelharn, New Hampshire, January 4, 1774; graduated at the University of Cambridge in 1797: practiced law for a few years at Groton, Massachusetts; was a member of Congress from that State from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned; removed to Portsmouth, New Hamp shire, in 1814; was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire in 1816, and dis charged the duties of the office for nearly twenty-two years; was a man of distinguished talents, great in dustry, and extensive acquirements, and highly re spected for his integrity and estimable character; was the author of The New Hampshire Justice," and "The Town Officer"; a considerable portion of the first and second volumes of "The New Hampshire Reports" was drawn up by the Chief Justice; nearly all the cases of the third, fourth, and fifth were furnished by him, and of the matter for perhaps four volumes more, he prepared a large share. Died at Chester, New Hampshire, March L 1838. 420 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Richmond, Hiram H.; was born in Chautau- qua. New York, May 17, 1810; received a good edu cation; studied medicine two years with his father, Lawton Richmond; entered Allegheny College, where he remained two years; turned his attention to the study of law. and was admitted to the bar in 1838; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, servin on the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Public Ex penditures. Richmond, James Buchanan ; was born at Turkey Cove, Virginia; received a limited education; studied and practiced law; served in the Confederate Army, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty- sixth Congress. Richmond, Jonathan ; was born in Bristol, Massachusetts in 1774; was one of the pioneers of Western New York in 1813; was once Collector of the Customs for the United States; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821. Died at Cayuga. New York, July 2!), 1853. Richmond, Lewis ; was a resident of Rhode Island; in 1884 was appointed, by President Arthur, United States Minister to Portugal, in which position he served until April, 1885. Riddle, Albert G.; was born in Massachusetts; was a lawyer bv profession; elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; settled in Washington City in 1865. Riddle, George Read ; was born in Newcastle, Delaware, in 1817; was educated at Delaware Col lege; studied engineering, and was engaged for years in locating and constructing railroads and canals in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, the last of which was the great work at Harper s Ferry; afterwards studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and was appointed Deputy Attorney- General for his native county, which position he held until 1850, when he was elected a Representa tive from Delaware to the Thirty-second Congress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and was Chairman of the Committee on ,Engraving, and also a Special Committee on the Peruvian Guano Ques tion; in 1849 was appointed, by the Governor of the State, a Commissioner on the part of Delaware to retrace the celebrated "Muson and Dixon s line," the report of which was printed by the Legislatures of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland in 1850; was a Delegate to the several "Democratic National Conventions" of 1844, 1848. and 1856; in 1864 was elected a Senator in Congress from Delaware, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, Private Land Claims, Manufactures, and Printing. Died in Washington City, March 29, 1867. He was a descendant of George Read, of the Revolution. Riddle, H. T.; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the place of Jofen W. Head, who had been previo*ij elected, but died before taking his seat. Riddle, Haywood Yancey ; was born at Van Buren, Tennessee, June 20, 1834: graduated at Union University, Tennessee, in 1854, and at the Lebanon Law School in 1857; from 1H65 to 1875 was Clerk and Master of the Lebanon Chancery Court- was then elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy cause d by the death of S. M. Fite; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Riddleberger. Harrison Holt; was born at Edinburg, Shenandoah County, Virginia, October 4, 1844; was educated in the common schools and by a private tutor; entered the Confederate Army in 1862 as Lieutenant, and was promoted to Captain; taught school and studied law in 1868 and 1869; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1871, and again in 1873; was elected Common weal tii Attorney in 1875 and 1879; in the latter year was elected State Senator; was a Presidential Elector in 1876 and 1880; in 1881 was elected United Statea Senator from Virginia for the term of six years from March 4. 1883. Ridgeley, Henry M.; was born in 1778; was a lawyer by profession, and for many years was a dis tinguished member of the Delaware bar; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Delaware from 1811 to 1>*15; filled a vacancy as Senator in Congress from 1826 to 1829. Died at his residence in Dover, Dela ware, August 7, 1847. Ridgely, Richard ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786. Ridgeway, Robert ; was a Representative from Virginia in the Fortieth Congress. Died in Amherst County, October 16, 1869. Was at one time editor of the Richmond Whig. Ridgway, Joseph ; was born on Staten Island, New York. May <>, 1783: received a limited educa tion; learned the trade of a house carpenter; in 1811 emigrated to Cayuga County, New York, and de voted himself to making fanning mills; in 1822 set tled in Columbus, Ohio, and established an extensive iron foundry, which subsequently became an estab lishment for manufacturing railroad carriages; in 1828 was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and was re-elected in 1830; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1837 to 1843; failed in business in 1811, and though exonerated by the bankrupt law, thought proper, in 18~>7, to pay up his old debts, at the rate of two dollars for one; of seventy creditors he found but four living, so that he had to search lor, and pay the heirs, which occupied four months of his time. Riggs, James Milton ; was born in Scott Coun ty, Illinois, April 17, 1839; was reared on a farm; received a common school education, and passed one year at Eureka College, Illinois; in 1864 was elected Sheriff of his native county; in the same year settled in Winchester, in that county; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1868; was elected a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1870; in 1872 was elected State s Attorney for Scott County, and ved four years; was elected a Representative from [llinois to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Riggs, Jetur R.; was born in Morris County, New Jersey, June 20, 1809; studied medicine; grad uated at the Barclay Street Medical University of New York; in 1828 made an extensive sea voyage; practiced his profession from 1832 to 1849; served wo years in the New Jersey Legislature; spent one or two years in charge of the hospital at Sutter s Port, California; in 1855 was elected, for three years, o the Senate of New Jersey; in 1858 was elected a Representative in Congress from New Jersey, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Died in Drakesville, Sussex County, November 5. 1869. Riggs, Lewis ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 184] to 1843. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Riker, Samuel ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1784; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1804 to 1805, and again from 1807 to 1809. Ringgold, Samuel ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1810 to 1815. and again from 1817 to 1821. Ring-old, Thomas ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Colonial Congress, which met in New York in 1765. Rings, Daniel ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Arkansas; was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. Died at Little Rock, September 3, 1873. Riotte, Charles N.; was a citizen of Texas, and Minister Resident to Costa Rica from 1861 to 1867. Ripley, Eleazar "W.; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1800; studied law, and settled in the Dis trict of Maine ; was Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1811 ; acquitted himself with credit as an officer in the last war with England; removed to Louisiana, from whence he was elected to Congress, serving from 1835 to the time of his death, which occurred at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven years, Ripley, James "W.; was a lawyer; served four years in the Legislature of Maine; was an officer in the last war with England; was a member of Con gress from Maine from 1826 to 1530, when he was ap pointed Collector of Customs for the Passamaquoddy District of Maine. Died in June, 1835. Ripley, Thomas C.; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Twenty-ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of R. P. Herrick, resigned. Risley, Elijah ; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851. Died at Fredonia. January 9, 1870, aged ninety years. Ritchey, Thomas; was born in Pennsylvania; settled in Ohio; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. Ritchie, David ; was born at Canonsburg, Wash ington County, Pennsylvania, August 19. 1812 ; graduated at Jefferson College in 1829; was admitted to the bar at Pittsburgh in 1835; received the degree of J. U. D, from the University of Heidelberg, Ger many, in 1837; was a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty- fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; after leaving Congress held the office of Judge for about one year; while engaged in the practice of his profession, died at Pittsburgh. January 24, 1867. Ritchie, James Monroe ; was born at Dun- fermline, Scotland, July 28, 1829; emigrated, with his parents, to the United States in 1832; received a limited education; adopted the profession of the law; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1880; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-seventh Congress. Ritchie, John ; was born in Frederick City, Maryland, August 12, 1831; educated at the Freder ick Academy; commenced the study of medicine, but relinquished it for the law, attending the Law School at Harvard College; in 1854 was admitted to the bar; in 1860 was elected a Presidential Elector; in 1867 was elected Attorney for Frederick County, to serve for four years ; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty -second Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Ritner, Joseph; was born in 1779; was fre quently a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania from 1820 to 1827; was the candidate of the Anti- Masons for Governor in 1829, but was defeated ; was afterwards Governor from 1835 to 1839; was an ad vocate and promoter of public schools, and a distin guished opponent of slavery. Died in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1869. Rittenhouse, David ; was born near German- town, Pennsylvania, April 8, 1732; while working on his father s farm at Norristown, had access to the mathematical books of a deceased uncle, and thor oughly mastered Newton s "Principia": before he was nineteen he discovered the method of fluctions, and for some time supposed it was original with him self; made a clock before he was seventeen, without instruction, and in 1751 applied himself to that art with great skill; at the age of twenty-three made an orrery which was purchased by Princeton College; subsequently constructed another for the University of Pennsylvania; in 1763 was employed to determine "Mason and Dixon s Line," which he did with in struments of his own construction ; afterwards fixed the boundaries of several other States; was appointed by the American Philosophical Society, to observe the transit of Venus in 1769, and at the moment of apparent contact, his emotion was so great that he fainted; his account was published by the Society; in 1770 removed to Philadelphia, and engaged in making clocks and mathematical instruments; from 1777 to 1789 was Treasurer of Pennsylvania; suc ceeded Franklin as President of the Philosophical Society in 1791 ; was Director of the United States Mint from 1792 to 1795; was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences at Boston; in 1775 an address, delivered by him, upon the History of Astronomy, was published; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Penmsylvania in 1782. and F.R.S. in 1795. Died in Philadelphia, June 26, 1796. Ritter, Burwell C.; was born in Barren County, Kentucky, January 6, 1810; received a good English education; adopted the avocation of farming; was a member of the Legislature of Kentucky in 1843 and 1850; in 1864 was a Presidential Elector; in 1865 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri culture, and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Ritter, John ; was born in Exeter Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. February 6, 1779; re ceived such education as the country afforded in Ger man, and but three months of an English course; at eighteen years of age entered the printing-office of the Readinger Adler, of which his father was half owner; this was at the issue of the second number of the paper; in 1802 bought his father out, and continued, as an editor and proprietor, to conduct the journal to the day of his death; never sought any office; an election to the Convention to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1836, and elections to seats in the-. Twenty-eighth and Twenty -ninth Congresses, from Pennsylvania, came to him as a spontaneous declara tion of popular confidence and respect. Died at- Reading, November 24, 1851. Rivers, Thomas ; was born in Tennessee ; waa a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Rives, Thomas ; was born in Nelson County, Virginia, June 17, 1806; was educated at the Col leges of Hampden, Sidney and Harvard, and at the University of Virginia; settled in Albemarle County, from which he was elected to the State Legislature at intervals irom 1835 to 1861, the latest years in the Senate; in 1866 was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, and his opinions were pub lished in several volumes; gave up his seat on the Bench in 1869; in 1871 was appointed United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia. Rives, Francis E.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. Died November 30. 1861. Rives, "William C.; was born in Nelson County, Virginia, May 4, 1793; was educated at Hampden Sidney, and William and Mary Colleges; studied law and politics under the direction of Thomas Jefferson; was Aid-de-camp in 1814 and 1815, with a body of Militia and Volunteers called out for the defense of Virginia; in 1816 was a member of the "Staunton Convention," called to reform the State Constitution ; was elected to the Legislature of Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 1819, from Nelson County; in 1822 was elected to the same position from Albemarle County ; in 1823 was elected a Representative in Congress, and served for three successive terms; in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, Minister to France: on his return, in 1832. was elected a Senator in Con gress; resigned in 1K54 ; was re-elected in 1835, and served to the end of the term, in 1839; in 1840 was elected to the Senate for a third term, where he re mained until 1845; in 1849 was a second time ap pointed Minister to France; returned to the United States in 1853, when he finally retired from political life; also added to his reputation by publishing a history of the " Life and Times of James Madison "; took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the so-called Confederate Congress, having previously been a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of that year; in 1866 was chosen a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention," but did not take part in its proceed Jigs. Died in Albemarle County, Virginia, April 26, 18(58. Roane, Archibald ; was Governor ot Tennessee from 1801 to 1803. Roane, John ; was born in Virginia; was a Pres idential Elector in 1809; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1817, from 1827 to 1831, and for a third term from 1835 to 1837. Died in Washington. District of Columbia, December 18 1869. Roane, John J.; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, his native State, from 1831 to 1833. Roane, John Selden ; was a Lieutenant-Colonel of Yell s Arkansas Cavalry in the Mexican War: dis tinguished at Buena Vista, and commanded thereoi- ment after Yell was killed; was made Colonel in 1847: was Governor of Arkansas from 1848 to 1852: was a Brigadier-General in the Confederate Army. Died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, April 8, 1867. Roane, John T.; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1809 to 1815. Roane. William H.; was born in Virginia in 1788; was twice elected a member of the Executive Council of that State; was once a Delegate to the General Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1817; was a Senator of the United States- from 1837 to 1841. Died at Tree Hill, near Rich mond, Virginia, May 11, 1845. Robbie, Reuben ; was born in Vermont; settled in New York; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Robbins, Asher; was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1757; graduated at Yale College; was a lawyer by profession; was United States District Attorney in 1812; held many other important public positions; was a leading Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839; was a member of the Rhode Island Legislature for many years. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 25, 1845. Robbins, George R.; was born near Allentown, Mon mouth County, New Jersey, September 24, 1812; graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadel phia, in 1837; pursued the practice of medicine until his election from New Jersey to the House of Repre sentatives of the Thirty -fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Robbins, John ; was born in Philadelphia; re ceived a limited education ; worked on a farm ; was, for several years, engaged in the iron and steel busi ness; was elected to Congress in 1848, 1850, and 1852;. subsequently held a number of local positions; in 1874 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Robbins, William M.; was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, in 1829; was educated at Trinity College, North Carolina, and Randolph Ma- con College, Virginia; adopted the profession of the law; was an officer in the Confederate Army through out the Civil War, participating in nearly all the bat tles in Virginia from Bull Run to Appomattox Court House: was elected to the Senate of North Carolina in 1868, and re-elected in 1870: was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures; was re-elect ed to the Forty-fifth Congress. Roberdeau, Daniel ; was a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera tion. Roberts, Anthony E.; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, October, 1803; removed, with his parents, to Lancaster County in his infancy ; re ceived a common school education, and commenced life as a merchant; in 1839 was elected Sheriff of Lancaster County and held the office till 1842; in 1849 was appointed, by President Taylor, Marshal of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; remained in that position until 1853, and collected the statistics of that District for the Seventh Census; was a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia. Roberts, Charles B.; was born at Uniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, April 19. 1842; graduated at Calvert College in 1861; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1864; practiced his profession in Westminster; was a Presidential Elector in 18(18; with that exception never accepted a public nomina tion until elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Roberts, Edmund ; was a citizen of New Hampshire; in 1832 was empowered as a Special BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 423 Agent to negotiate with Cochin-China for the exten sion of the commerce of the United States in the Pa cific Ocean. Roberts, Ellis H.; was born in Utica, New York, September 30, 1827; was trained a printer; graduated at Yale College in 1850; in 1851 became editor and proprietor of the Utica Morning Herald; was a Delegate to the National Republican Conven tions of 1864 and 1868; was a member of the Legisla ture of the State of New York in 1867; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Ways and Means. Roberts, Jonathan; was born in 1771; early in the present century was at different times elected to both branches of the Pennsylvania Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned; was an advocate of the war of 1812; from 1814 to 1821 was a Senator of the United States; in 1841 was appointed, by President Harri son, Collector of the Port of Philadelphia. Died in Philadelphia, July, 1854. Roberts, O. M.; was Governor of Texas from 1879 to 1883. Roberts, Robert W.; was born in Delaware; settled in Mississippi; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Roberts, "William R.; was born in -Cork County, Ireland, February 6, 1830; came to the United States in 1849; received an academic education; was en gaged in mercantile pursuits in New York for nearly twenty years, and retired from business in 1869; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Claims, and Weights and Meas ures; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland. United States Minister to Chili. Robertson, Edward White; was born near Nashville, Tennessee, June 13, 1823; removed, with his parents, to Louisiana in 1825; received a col legiate education ; commenced the study of law in 1845; served in the army during the war with Mex ico in 1846; was a Representative in the State Legis lature from 1847 to 1849; graduated in law at the University of Louisiana in 1850; commenced prac tice in Iberville Parish. Louisiana; was again in the Legislature in 1853; was State Auditor from 1857 to 1S62; entered the Confederate Army in the latter year, as Captain, and served throughout the war; at its close resumed the practice of law at Baton Rouge, L.misiaua; was elected a Representative from Louis iana to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses. Robertson, George ; was born in Mercer County> Kentucky, November 18, 1790; completed his educa tion at Transylvania University; studied law, and commenced practice in 1809; in 1816 was elected a Representative in Congress, and served from 1817 to 1821 ; was a member of the Legislature, and Speaker of the House during four sessions, ending in 1827; in 1828 was Secretary of State, and the same year was chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1829 was commissioned Chief Justice of Kentucky, which posi tion he resigned in 1833; resumed the practice of law in Lexington in 1835; was Professor of Law in Tran sylvania University for twenty -three years; repeat edly declined important offices, including missions to Colombia and Peru. Died at Lexington, May 17, 1874. Robertson, John; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1834 to 1839. Robertson, Thomas A.; was born at Hodgens- ville, Kentucky, September 9, 1848; graduated from Cecilian College, Kentucky, in 1870, and from Louis ville Law University in 1871; was twice elected School Commissioner of La Rue County, Kentucky; afterwards was elected County Attorney; in 1877 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; be fore the expiration of his term of office was, in 1879, appointed Commonwealth Attorney, to fill a vacancy, and in 1880 was elected to that office; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-eighth Congress; was never defeated at the polls, having won every political contest into which he entered; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Robertson, Thomas Boiling; was born at Richmond, Virginia, in 1778; graduated at William and Mary College in 1807; was United States District Judge of Louisiana; was the first Representative in Congress from Louisiana elected under the State Constitution, serving from 1812 to 1818. Robertson, Thomas J.; was born in Fairfield County, South Carolina. August 3, 1823; graduated at South Carolina College in 1843; studied medicine for a time, but established himself as a planter; dur ing the Rebellion remained a Union man; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention con vened after the passage of the Reconstruction Acts by Congress; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Con gress from South Carolina for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Agricul ture, and Claims; was re-elected for the term ending in 1877, and was Chairman of the Committee on Man ufactures. Robertson, "William H.; was born in Bedford, W T estchester County, New York, October 10, 1823; received an academic education in that town ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847, at Poughkeepsie; in 1848 was elected to the Assembly, and re-elected in 1849; in 1854 was elected to the State Senate; in 1856 was elected, for four years, Judge of Westches- ter County; was re-elected in 1859, and also in 1863, serving eleven years in all; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, which re-nominated President Lincoln; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New Tork to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and Revolutionary Claims; was a Dele gate to the "State Republican Convention" of 1867; in 1875 was elected to the Senate of New York. Robertson, Windham ; was elected Lieuten- ant-Governor of Virginia in 1834 ; in 1836 was made acting Governor of the State, remaining in that posi tion until 1837. Robeson, George M.; was born in Warren County, New Jersey, in 1827; graduated at Prince ton College in 1847; studied law; on coming to the bar, in 1850, settled in Newark, where he practiced his profession; settled in Camden, and in 1859 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for that County; on the outbreak of the Rebellion, was appointed, by the Governor of the State, a Brigadier-General, and took an active part in the organization of troops; in 1867 was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey, which position he resigned to accept a seat. J une 22, 1869, in the Cabinet of President Grant, as Secretary of the Navy; remained in the Cabinet until the advent of President Hayes in 1877; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty -sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. 424 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bobie, Frederick; was born at Gorham, Maine, August 1:2, 1822; was fitted for college at Gorham Academy, and graduated from Bowdoin College in 184 1 ; received a diploma from the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and practiced medicine at Bidefonl and Waldoboro, Maine, for twelve years; was a Representative in the State Legislature for seven years, serving as Speaker for two sessions; was a State Senator for two terms; served as Paymaster in the Union Army throughout the Civil War; was, for many years, a Director in several railroad and banking corporations; was a member of the Executive Council on the staff of the Governor of Maine for four years; was made Master of the Maine State Grange of Patrons of Husbandry; in 1862 was elected Governor of Maine for the term of two years; was re-elected in 1884. Robinson, Charles ; was the first Governor of the State of Kansas, having been elected in 1801, and serving one year. Robinson, Christ Dpher; was born in Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 18:25; , adopted the profession of the law; was Attorney- General of Rhode Island; was elected a Representa tive from Rhode Island to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judi ciary, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Peru; was a Dele gate to the Loyalists Convention," held in Phila delphia in 18H6. Robinson, Edward ; was a ship-master and merchant; served two years in the Maine Senate; was a Representative in Congress from Maine during the years 1838 and 1839; in 1840 was a Presidential Elector. Died February 20, 1857, aged sixty -one years. Robinson, George D.; was born at Lexington, Massachusetts, January 20, 1834; graduated at Har vard College in 1856; taught school from 1856 to 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Chicopee, Massachusetts, in 1866; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1874, and a State Senator in 1876; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth. Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Con gresses; in 1883 was elected Governor of Massachu setts and resigned his seat in Congress to assume the duties of that office, from January, 1884; was re- elected in 1884 and 1885. Robinson, James O. ; was born in Edgar Coun ty, Illinois, in 1822, served as a private in the Mexi can War; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Mileage, and as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart raent; was a Delegate to the Philadel phia " National Union Convention" of 1866; in 1867 was appointed a Commissioner to settle the war claims of Indiana; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on various com mittees. Robinson, James S.; was born in Richland County, Ohio. October 14, 1S27; received a common school education; learned the trade of a printer; in 1845 removed to Kenton, Ohio, and engaged in the publication of a newspaper ; in 1856 was elected Chief Clerk of the State House of Representatives, and served two terms; enlisted in the Union Army in 1861 and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General and Brevet Major-General; was Chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee from 1877 to 1879; was State Commis sioner of Railroads and Telegraphs in 1880; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-sev enth and Forty-eighth Congresses. Robinson, James W.; was born in Union County, Ohio, November 28, 1826; graduated at Jef ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and at the Cincinnati Law College in 1851; was elected to the Legislature in 1858, 1860, and 1864; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. Robinson, John L.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1847 to 1853; in 1857 was appointed, by President Bu chanan, United States Marshal for the District of Indiana, which office he held until his death, March 21, 1860. Robinson, John M.; was born in 1793; was one of the early settlers of Illinois, and one of the .1 udges of the Supreme Court of that State; was a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1842. Died at Ottawa, Illinois, April 26, 1843. Robinson, John Stamford ; was born at Beu- nington, Vermont, November 10, 1804; graduated at William and Mary College in 1824; settled as a law yer in his native town, and was successful in the profession; was. for many years, in the State Legis lature; was Governor of Vermont from 1853 to 1854; in l^b O was Delegate to the Charleston Democratic Convention. Died in Charleston. South Carolina, April 25. I860. Robinson, Jonathan ; was appointed Chief Justice of Vermont in 1801, in the place of Judge Smith, who resigned; in 1806 was elected to succeed Mr. Smith as Senator in Congress, serving from 1807 to 1H15. Died at Bennington, November 3. 1819, aged sixty -four years. Robinson, J. F.; was Governor of Kentucky from 1861 to 1863. Robinson, Lucius; was born at Windham Greene County, New York, November 4, 1810; was chiefly self-educated; attended Delaware Academy, at Delhi, New York, for several terms, and paid his expenses by teaching school for several months each year; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832, and entered upon the practice of law at Catskill. New York; was District-Attorney of Greene County, New York, from 1837 to 1840; in the latter year re moved to New York City, where he practiced his profession: in 1843 was appointed, by the Governor. Commissioner in Chancery, and held the office until it was abolished, in 1846; then removed to his farm in Chernuug County. New York; in 1859 was elected a Representative in the New York Legislature; was re-elected in I860; in 1861 was elected Comptroller of the State; was re-elected in 1863; changed his political views and was defeated as the Democratic candidate for Comptroller in 1H65; was defeated as a candidate for Congress in 1870; in 1871 was a mem ber of the State Constitutional Commission; in 1875 was again elected Comptroller; in 1876 was elected Governor of New York. Robinson, Milton S. ; was born at Versailles, Indiana, April 20, 1832; received a common school education; studied law with his father; was admitted BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 425 to the bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana in 1851, and e:igaged in practice; served in the Union Army throughout the War of the Rebellion; was a Presi dential Elector in 1856; was elected State Prison Director iu 1861; resigned and entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel; rose to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a member of the State Sen ate from 1867 to 1870; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Robinson, Moses ; was educated at Dartmouth College; served in the Legislature of Vermont; was Governor of that State from 1789 to 1790; was a mem ber of the Senate of the United States from Vermont, under the administration of President Washington, from 1791 to 1796, when he resigned; was one of the minority who were opposed to the ratification of Jay s Treaty. Died at Bennington, May 26, 1813, aged seventy-two years. Robinson, Orville ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845; also served four years in the Assembly of that State, from Oswego County. Robinson, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1839 to 1841. Died in Sussex County, in that State, October 28, 1843. j Robinson, William E.; was born near Cooks town. Tyrone County, Ireland, May 6, 1814; received a good English and classical education; emigrated to this country in 1836; entered Yale College, and re ceived the degree of A.M. in 1841; was, for two years, a student at the Yale Law School ; between the years 1838 and 1844 was a frequent writer for the New York Herald; during the latter year became identified with the New York Tribune, signing his communications "Richelieu"; in 1848 and 1849 be came identified as editor with a weekly paper called The People; in 1859 visited his native land and the Continent of Europe; practiced law in New York from 1853 to 1862; in 1862 was appointed United States Assessor of Internal Revenue for the City of Brooklyn; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and Expenses in the Treasury Department; was again a Representative in the Forty -seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Robison, David F.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Rochester, "William B.; was born in Washing ton County, Maryland; was a man of eminent legal acquirements, and much respected for his abilities; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823; subsequently held the office of Circuit Judge in New York, but resigned to compete with l)e Witt Clinton for the office of Governor; was lost, with many others, off the coast of North Caro lina, by the explosion of the steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1838. Rockhill, William ; was born in New Jersey, and. having settled in Indiana, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Rockwell, Charles W.; was born in Norwich. Connecticut; was the brother of John A. Rockwell; received a good education; devoted himself to mer cantile pursuits, and acquired a large fortune in the Southern States; then returned to his native place, where for twenty years he took a leading part in pub lic and benevolent enterprises; in 1835 was chosen Mayor of Norwich, and held the office three years: waa again elected Mayor in 1845; was a Presidential Elector in 1845; was one of the projectors of the Nor wich and Worcester Railroad; in 1849 was ap pointed Commissioner of Customs in Washington, and held the office until 1853. Rockwell, Francis W.; was born at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, May 26, 1844; received a good educa tion, graduating from Amherst College in 1868, and from Harvard Law School in 1871; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law in his native place; in 1873 was appointed one of the Special Justices of the District Court of Central Berk shire; resigned in 1875; held several local offices; in 1879 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; in 1881 was elected a State Senator, and waa re-elected in 1882; in January, 1884, was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George D. Robinson, elected Governor of Massachusetts; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Rockwell, John A.; was born at Norwich, Con necticut, in 1804; graduated at Yale College in 1822; studied law, which he practiced with ability and suc cess; was twice elected to the State Senate; was, at one time, Judge of the County Court for New Lou- don County ; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1845 to 1849, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims ; subsequently practiced in the Court of Claims, and was the author of a work on Spanish law. Died in Washington, of apo plexy, February 10, 1861. Rockwell, Julius; wasbornatColebrook, Litch- field County, Connecticut, April 26, 1805; entered Yale College in 1822, and graduated in 1826; studied law at the New Haven Law School, and was ad mitted to the bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, com mencing practice in 1830 at Pittsfield, Massachu setts; was a member of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts from 1834 to 1838, and was Speaker from 1835 to 1838; in that year was appointed Bank Commissioner, and held the office three years; waa a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851 ; in 1853 was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Massachusetts; was a United States Senator, by appointment, for two sessions, from 1853 to 1855 to succeed Mr. Everett; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 185H was again elected to the House of Representatives of that State; in 1859 waa made a Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. Rodman, William; was born in Bensalem, Bucks County. Pennsylvania, October 7, 1757, his parents being of the Society of Friends; received a liberal education; served in the Revolutionary War as a soldier; under the call from Washington, he raised and commanded a company, during the "Whisky Insurrection" in Western Pennsylvania; was, for many years, in the Legislature of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1813. Died at the place of his birth, July 27, 1824. Rodney, Caesar ; was born in Dover, Kent County, Delaware, in 1730 ; . received a liberal educa tion; was High Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, and a Judge in his native county; in 1762 was elected to the State Legislature, serving several years, and as Speak er in 1769 ; was a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1765; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and in 1783; w;c 426 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Delaware; also served for a time as General of Militia; was President of the State of Delaware. Died in 1783. A son of his was subsequently a member of the Fed eral Congress. Rodney, Caesar A.; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1803 to 1805 ; was ap pointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Jefferson; in 1812 commanded a company of volunteers in defense of Baltimore; was again a Representative in Congress from Delaware from 1819 to 1821 : was a Senator of the United States from 1321 to 1823, in which year he was appointed United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he died June 10, 1824. Rodney, Caleb ; was acting Governor of Dela ware iu 1822 and 1823, in the place of John Collins, who died before the close of his term as Governor. Rodney, Daniel; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; was Governor of Delaware from 1814 to 1817: was a Representative in Congress from the State of Delaware from 1822 to 1823; was a Senator in Con gress from 1826 to 1827. Died September 2, 1846, aged seventy-five years. Rodney, George B.; was born in Delaware; graduated at Princeton College in 1820; was a Rep resentative in Congress from his native State from 1841 to 1845; was a Delegate, in 1861, to the " Peace Congress" of Washington. Rodney, Thomas ; was a Delegate from Dela ware to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1783. and from 1785 to 1787; in 1803 was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the Ter ritory of Mississippi. Rogers, Andrew J.; was born in Hamburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, July 1, 1828; received a limited education; spent the most of his youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country store; taught school for two years and a half, during which time he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852: in 18(>2 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Public Expenditures; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, Expenses in the Post Office Department, and Reconstruction. Rogers, Anthony A. C.; was born in Sumner County, Tennessee, February 14, 1821; during his youth was occupied as a clerk in a store, and was subsequently a merchant in his native State; in 1854 removed to Arkansas, where he continued in the mercantile business; in 1862 was arrested and placed under bonds, by the State authorities, for sympathiz ing with the General Government; in 1864 was elected to Congress, but not admitted ; after the war resided for a time in Illinois, but did not relinquish his citizenship in Arkansas; was elected a Repre sentative from that State to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary & Pen- sions, and Education and Labor. Rogers, Charles; was born in New York- served in the Assembly of New York from Washing ton County in 1833 and 1837; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Rogers, Daniel; was Governor of Pennsylvania in the years 1797 and 1798. Rogers, Edward ; was born in Connecticut; re ceived a classical education; studied law, and settled in Madison County, New York; was for many years County Judge; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1843 to 1845. Died in Gal- way, Saratoga County, New York, May 23, 1857, aged seventy years. Rogers H. GK ; was a citizen of Pennsylvania; in 1840 was appointed Charge d Affairrs to Sardinia, where he remained one year. Rogers, James ; was born in South Carolina; graduated at the University of that State in 1813; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State, from 183.~> to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. Rogers, John ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776; was Chancellor of the State. Died at Annapolis in 1789. Rogers, John; was born in Caldwell, New York, May 9. 1813; received a common school edu cation; was a manufacturer and merchant: was Supervisor of his town ten years; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on the State Department and Manufactures. Rogers, John Henry; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, October 9, 1845; removed to Mississippi in 1853; served in the Confederate Army from March, 1862, to the close of the war, rising to the rank of First Lieutenant; in 1865 en tered Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky; in 18(57 entered the University of Mississippi, at Oxford, and graduated in 1868; in 1869 removed to Fort Smith. Arkansas, and entered upon the practice of law; iu 1877 was elected Circuit Judge, and was re-elected in 1878; resigned in 1882, and was elected a Repre sentative from Arkansas to the Forty-eighth Con- ress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Rogers, Sion H.; was born in Wake County, North Carolina, September 3D, 1825; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1846; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848; was elected to the Thirty-third Congress; was elected to the Legisla ture of North Carolina in I860: served in the Con federate Army as Colonel of the Forty -seventh North Carolina Regiment; was Attorney-General of North Carolina from 1862 to 1868; was elected to the Forty- second Congress. Rogers, Thomas J.; was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 1781; came to the United States when but three years of age; was the author of biographi cal dictionaries of Revolutionary worthies; edited a political paper; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1818 to 1824. Died in New York City, December 7, 1832. Rogers, "William F.; was born in Northamp ton County, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1820; at an early age entered a printing office at Easton, Penn sylvania, and followed the trade of a printer until forty years of age; in 1846 removed to Buffalo, New York; in 1861 was a Captain of Militia; assisted in organizing the Twenty-first Regiment of New York Volunteers, and was unanimously elected its Colonel; served with it in the field until it was discharged iu 1863; in 1864 was appointed Provost-Marshal of the Thirtieth District of New York; was elected Comp troller of the city of Buffalo in 1866, and Mayor in 1868; was appointed Major-General of the Fourtn Division National Guard ; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 427 Rollins, Edward A.; was born in New Hamp shire; in 1865 was appointed Commissioner of Inter nal Revenue, holding the office until superseded by Columbus Delano, in 1868; after leaving the Treas ury removed to Philadelphia and became interested in the business of life insurance. Rollins, Edward H.; was born in Somersworth, now Rollinford, Strafford County, New Hampshire, October 3, 1824; received an academic education, and for a short time taught school ; was for several years devoted to mercantile pursuits, first as a clerk and then as an apothecary; was a member of the State Legislature in 1855, 1856, and 1857. serving as , Speaker during the last two years ; was chosen Chair man of the State Republican Committee in 1856, which position he held until he entered Congress ; was ; elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts; was re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the same : Committee, and serving on the Committee on Public I Expenditures; was also a member of the National J Committee appointed to accompany the remains of 1 President Lincoln to Illinois; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was elected Secretary of the Union Pacitic Railroad Com pany in 1869, and Treasurer in 1871; resigned those positions when elected a United States Senator from New Hampshire for the term of six years, from March 4, 1877. Rollins, James Sidney ; was born in Madison -J County, Kentucky. April 19, 1812; graduated at the State University of Indiana, at Bloomington, in 1830; ; studied law and graduated at the Transylvania Law School, in Kentucky, in 1833; soon afterwards set- ; tied in Boone County, Missouri; in 1838 was elected | to the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1 840 and .; 1842; in 1846 was elected to the State Senate, serving | 1 four years; in 1854 was again elected to the Legisla- ture; in 1857 was defeated as the Whig candidate for . Governor by two hundred and thirty votesone hundred thousand having been polled -though many , thought him legally elected; in I860 was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and Expenditures in the War Department; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth, Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1S66. Roman, Andre Bienvenu ; was born in St. I.audry Parish, Louisiana, in 1795; was a member of the Legislature in 1818; was frequently re-elected, and served four years as Speaker; was Judge of St. , James s Parish from 1826 to 1828; was Speaker of the ! House from 1828 to 1830; was Governor of Louisiana j from 1830 to 1834, and from 1838 to 1841; was a i member of the Convention which passed the Ordi- ) nance of Secession, which he opposed; was appointed, : by the Confederate Government, with John Forsyth and Martin J. Crawford, to confer with the Govern ment of the United States at Washington. Died in St. James s Parish, Louisiana, January 29, 1866. Roman, J. Dixon ; was born in Maryland; was educated a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector on two occasions; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849; was President of the Hagerstown Bank; was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Died in Maryland, January 19, Romeis, Jacob ; was born in the village of Weisenbach, Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, De cember 1, 1835; came to the United States, with his parents, in 1847, and settled at Buffalo, New York; attended the village school at Weisenbach, and the public and select night schools in Buffalo; from 1850 to 1856 was employed on the large railroad steamers on the lakes; then settled at Toledo, Ohio in the em ploy of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway, in which he continued ; in 1874 was elected a mem ber of the Board of Aldermen of Toledo, and was re- elected in 1876; was President of the Board in 1877; in 1879 was elected Mayor of the city, and was re- elected in 1881 and 1883; in 1884 was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Romero, Trinidad ; was born at Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 15, 1835; received a common school education; engaged in merchandising and stock-rais ing; was a Representative in the Territorial Legis lature in 1863; was elected Probate Judge of San Miguel County in 1867, and served until he re signed ; was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Forty-fifth Congress. Roosevelt, James I.; was born in the city of New York, December 14, 1796; was educated at Columbia College; graduated in 1815; studied law with Peter Augustus Jay, and was for several years his partner: in 1S35 and 1840 was a member of the State Legislature; in 1842 and 1843 was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York City; declined a re-election, and went abroad in 1843; on his re turn, retired from the practice of law to private life, but was induced to accept the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1851 ; was also, for several years, in early life, a member of the city government; was an Attorney of the United States, and held the office of Judge eight years. Died in New York, April 5. l*?f>. Roosevelt, Robert B. ; was born in the city of New York in 1829; received a liberal education and studied law; practiced in the city of Xew York for twenty years; was the author of "Game Fish of the North," "Superior Fishing," "Game Birds of the North." "Five Acres too Much," and other works; was appointed Commissioner of Fisheries for the State of New York in 1868; edited Tlie New York Citizen from 18(58; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on various Committees, with special zeal upon the one for investigating the affairs of the District of Columbia. Root, Erastus ; was born at Hebron, Connecti cut, March 16, 1772; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1793, after which he taught school for some time; studied law, and settled in Delaware County, New York, in 1796; was a Representative in the New York Assembly eleven years; was Speaker of the House three years; was State Senator eight years; was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805, and from 1809 to 1817, when he resigned and was appointed Postmaster at Delhi, New York; in 1822 was chosen Lieutenant-Governor of the State; was again elected to Congress from 1831 to 1833; was also Major-General of Militia. Died in New York City, December 24, 1846. Root, Jesse ; was born at Northampton, Massa chusetts, January, 1737; graduated at Princeton College in 1756; preached about three years, and then studied law; settled in Hartford, Connecticut; took part in the Revolutionary War ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1783; was appointed Judge of the Superior Court in 1779: was Chief Justice of Connecticut from 1796 until his- resignation in 1S07. Died March 29, 1822. 428 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Boot, Joseph M.; was born in Cayuga, New York, October 7, 1817; read law at Auburn, and re moved to Ohio in 1829; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney in that State; in 1840 was elected to the State Senate; served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851; was, for a time, Chairman of the Committees on the Post Office, and Expenditures in the Treasury Department; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal- l ists Convention of 1866. Boot, Joseph P.; was a citizen of Kansas; in 1870 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Chili, but resigned, and left that country in 1873. Boots, Logan H. : was born in Perry County, Illinois, March 26, 1841 ; graduated at the Normal University of that State; was principal of a high school; in 1862 took an active part in raising troops for the war, and was appointed a Quartermaster; subsequently served as a Commissary of Subsistence, with the rank of Colonel, in the operations against Atlanta; after the war settled in Arkansas as a plant er: was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, arid re-elected to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and Pacific Railroad; was also a Dele gate to the Chigago Convention of 1868. Bose, Bobert L.; was born at Geneva, New York, October 12, 1804; was a farmer by occupation; held the office of Supervisor for the town of Allen s Hill; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851. Bose, Bobert S.; was born in Henrico County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from the State of New York from 1823 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1831. Died at Waterloo, New York, Novem ber 24, 1835, aged sixty-three years. Bosecrans, William Starke ; was born at Kingston, Ohio, December 6, 1819 ; graduated at "West Point in 1842; entered the Engineer Corps; was Assistant Professor of Engineering at West Point in 1843 and 1844. and from 1845 to 1847; was Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1844 and 1845; had charge of the repairs at Fort Adams, Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853; in 1854 resigned because of ill-health; was a civil engineer and architect at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854 and 1855; was Superin tendent of Cannel Coal Company from 1855 to 1857; engaged in the manufacture of kerosene oil from 1857 to 1 861 ; was then appointed Aid to General McClellan in Ohio; was appointed Colonel, and Chief Engineer of Ohio; was commissioned Colonel of Ohio Volun teers, and Brigadier-General United States Army ; commanded the Department of Ohio; in 1862 was in command of a division at the siege of Corinth; com manded the Army of the Mississippi, Army of the Cumberland, and won the battle of Stone River; was unsuccessful at Chickamauga, in 1863, and was re lieved of his command; in 1864 commanded the De partment of Missouri; was made Brevet Major-Gen eral United States Army in 1865; resigned in 1867; was Minister to Mexico in 1868. but was recalled in a few months; was elected a Representative from California to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; in June, 1885, was appointed, by Presi dent Cleveland, Register of the Treasury, at Wash ington. Boss, David ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787. Boss, Edmund G-.; was born at Ashland, Ohio, December 7, 1826; received a limited education; in August, 1837, was apprenticed to the printing busi ness; in 1847 removed to Wisconsin; was foreman in the office of the Milwaukee Sentinel; soon afterwards became an editor; on the breaking out of the trou bles in Kansas, in 1856, removed to that State, and took an active part in its local affairs ; was a member of the " Kansas Constitutional Convention " of 1859; from that time until 1861 served in the State Legis lature; enlisted as a private soldier in a Kansas regi ment during the Rebellion, attaining the rank of Major; subsequently became the associate editor of the Lawrence Tribune; in July, 1866, was appointed, by the Governor, a Senator in Congress from Kansas for the unexpired term of James H. Lane, deceased, ending in 1872, serving on the Committees on Pen sions, Indian Affairs, and Printing; in January, 1867, his appointment to the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature, and he was made Chairman of the Com mittee on Enrolled Bills; subsequently returned to his old occupation of printing, and in 1875 was fore man of an office in Kansas; in 1880 was the Demo cratic candidate for Governor of Kansas, but was not elected; in 1882 removed to New Mexico; in May, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Gov ernor of the Territory of New Mexico. Boss, George; was born at New Castle, Dela ware, in 1730; acquired a classical education under his father s roof; studied law, and came to the bar in 1751; settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; in 1768 was elected to the Colonial Legislature; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde pendence; was a member of the Colonial Convention that commenced the new government; was Chairman of the Committee that formed the organization of the State Government; in 1779 was appointed Judge of the Court of Admiralty for Pennsylvania. Died in July of that year, from an attack of gout. He was a profound lawyer and an earnest patriot. Boss, Henry H.; was born in Essex County, New York; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1808; studied law, and practiced the profes sion in Essex, Essex County, New York, for fifty years; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827; was County Judge of Essex County in 1847 and 1848; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, heading the State ticket, and officiating as President of the Electoral College. Died September 13, 1862. He was distinguished for his ability, elo quence, dignity, and high character. Boss, James; was born about the year 1761, in Pennsylvania: was a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Convention that formed the Consti tution of Pennsylvania in 1790; was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1794 to 1803, serving during one session as President pro tern, of that body. Died at his residence, near Pittsburgh, November 27, 1847. Boss, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 180!) to 1811, and again from 1815 to 1818, having resigned. Boss, Lewis W. ; was born in Seneca County, New York. December 8, 1812; removed, with his father, to Illinois when a boy; was educated at the Illinois College; adopted the profession of the law; in 1840 and 1844 was elected to the State Legisla ture; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, and a Dele gate in 1860 to the Charleston and Baltimore Conven tions; in 1861 was elected to the "State Constitutional Convention ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 429- on t/he Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Indian Affairs; was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional Com- mittt-e on Agriculture. Ross, Miles ; was born in Raritan Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, April 30, 1828; re ceived a common school education; was for many years engaged, with his father, in the shipping busi ness; was a wholesale coal merchant, and largely interested in shipping property; at different times .filled most of the local offices of the district; was a member of the Board of Freeholders; was a Repre- .sentative to the State Legislature for two years; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con- i Ross, Sobieski ; was born in Coudersport, ^Pennsylvania, May 16, 1828; was educated as a purveyor and engineer, but engaged in settling land In the northern counties of Pennsylvania; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to *the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the Com- flmittee on Agriculture. jj Ross, Thomas ; was a native of Pennsylvania; ^graduated at Princeton College in 1825; was a Rep- (pesentative in Congress from that State, from 1849 to 853. Ross, Thomas R.; was born in 1789; was long a leading lawyer in Warren County, Ohio, and was legal preceptor of Thomas Corwin, who became his partner in the practice of law; was a Representa tive from Ohio to the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Congresses; in 1849 retired from business and settled upon a farm; two year before his death became blind ; was considered a man of great ability anil learning. Died near Lebanon, Ohio, June 28, 1869. Ross, William H.; was born in Delaware; was elected Governor of that State in 1851, continuing in office until 1855. Rossell, "William; was born in New Jersey in 1761; received a good education and studied law; was for many years a Judge of the United States District Court; also a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Died at Mount Holly, June 20, 1840. Rothwell, Grideon F.; was born in Callaway County, Missouri, in 1836; graduated at the Univers ity of the State of Missouri ; studied and practiced law; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-sixth Congress. Rousseau, Lovell H.; was born near Stanford, Lincoln County, Kentucky, August 4, 1818. to which place his father had emigrated from Virginia ; was chiefly self-educated, acquiring a good English educa tion ; adopted the profession of the law, and prac ticed with success in Indiana, to which state he re moved in 1841; was elected for three years to the Legislature of Indiana, and for three years to the Senate of the State; served through the war with Mexico as a Captain, and was present at Buena Vista in 1850 returned to Louisville, Kentucky, where he sub equently resided ; in 1860 was elected, by both politi cal parties, to the Senate of Kentucky; after serving through the stormy session of 1861, resigned his seat, Hud asked for permission to raise troops for the war Ja June of that year was commissioned a Colonel o Volunteers, and in July was in camp with four com panies; in October, 1861, was appointed a Brigadier- general; was present at the battle of Shiloh, and re- >orted for gallantry ; was also in the battle of Perry- ville, and for his " distinguished gallantry and good ervice " there, was, in October, 1862, appointed a Major-General; was also in the advance upon Corinth after the battle of Shiloh, and in the battle of Stone riiver, and many similar engagements; in 1864 con ducted a highly important and successful raid into the heart of Alabama, and defended Fortress Rose- rans with eight thousand men during the siege of Nashville; in 1865 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and on Roads and Canals; was also one of the Representatives desig nated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866; in June, 1866, made a personal assault on J. B. Grinnell, a fellow-member of the House, for words spoken in debate; although the Committee appointed to investigate the subject reported a reso lution to expel, the Hoirse adopted the minority re port to reprimand him for violating the privileges of the House, whereupon he resigned his seat as a Rep resentative in the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was re- elected, during the subsequent recess, to the same Congress, serving again on the Committees on Mili tary Affairs, and Roads and Canals; in April, 1867, was appointed a Brigadier-General in the regular army, and was assigned to duty in the new Territory of Alaska. Rousseau, Richard H.; was a citizen of Ken tucky: in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to- Honduras, returning to the United States in 1869. Routt, John L. ; was a resident of Denver, Colo rado; in 1871 was appointed Second Assistant Post master-General, in which capacity he served imtil 1875, when he resigned, and returned to Colorado; was Governor of Colorado Territory during a part of the year 1875; in 1876 was elected Governor of the new State of Colorado, holding the office until 1 879. Rowan, John ; was born in Pennsylvania, in 1773; emigrated to Kentucky when quite young; was a member of the Convention which formed the Con stitution of 1799; was Secretary of State in 1804; was elected a member of Congress from 1807 to 1809; was, for many years, a member of the General As sembly; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1819; was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831; his last public position was that of Minister to the Twa Sicilies. Died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 13, 1853. Rowe, Peter ; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Rowell, Jonathan H.; was born at Haverhill, New Hampshire. February 10, 1S33; was reared on a. farm; removed to McLean County, Illinois, in 1849;. received a classical education, graduating from Eureka College, Illinois, in 1861; served three years in the Union Army, during the Civil War, as a line officer; graduated from the Law Department of the Chicago University, and was admitted to the bar in 1865; en gaged in the practice of law at Bloomington, Illinois; was State s Attorney of the Eighth Judicial District from 1868 to 1872; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Rowland, David ; was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Colonial Congress, which met in New York in 1765. -430 BIOGRAPHICAL AN.NALS. Royce, Homer B.; was born in Berkshire, Ver mont, in 1819; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1H42; wasa member of the State Legislature in 1846 and 1847 : was Prosecuting Attorney ibr the State in 1848; was a State Senator in 1849, 1850, and 1851; was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the same commit tee; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Royce, Stephen; was born at Tinmouth. Ver mont, August 12, 1787; graduated at Middlebury College in 1807; was a member of the Legislature in 1815 and 1816, from Sheldon County, and from 1822 to 1824 from St. Albans County; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1826 and 1827, and from 1829 to 1852; was Chief Justice from 1846 to 1851; was Governor of Vermont from 1854 to 1856; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1837. Died in East Berkshire, Vermont. November 11, 1868. Rublee, Horace; was a citizen of Wisconsin; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Switzer land. Ruffln, Thomas ; was born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University; a lawyer by profession ; served as Circuit Attorney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri from December, 1844, to December, 1848; was elected a, Representative from North Carolina to the Thirty- third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committees on Public Lands, on Accounts, and on the Militia; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Con federate Congress, having previously been a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861; also served as a Colonel in the Southern Army, and from the effects of a wound, died, at Alexandria, Virginia, in October 1863. Ruggles, Benjamin; was born in Windham County, Connecticut, in 1763; obtained the means for receiving a classical education by teaching a school in winter; studied law, and, after his admission to the bar, removed to Marietta, Ohio; subsequently settled at St. Clairsville; in 1810 was elected President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Third Circuit; was elected by the Legislature, a Senator of the United States from Ohio, serving from 1815 to 1833; from his well-known habits of industry, and constant devotion to the in terests of his constituents he was called "The Wheelhorse of the Senate"; from his youth, he was a member of the Masonic fra ternity; in 1837 was a Presidential Elector. Died at St. Clairsville, Ohio, September 2, 1837, aged seven ty-four years. Rug-gles, Charles H.; was born in Litchfield County, Connecticut, about the year 1790; adopted the profession of the law; removing to New York was a member of the New York Legislature in 182(1; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823; was, for many years, a Judge of the Circuit Court: served for a second term in the State Legislature; was made a Judge of the Court of Ap peals, and Presiding Judge from 1853; retired from the bench in 1855. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 16 1865. Ruggles, John ; was born at Westbo rough, Mas sachusetts; was well educated, and possessed a taste for the mechanic arts; was nine times elected to the Maine Legislature, and officiated as Speaker three years; from 1831 to 18:55 was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1835 to 1841, and a member of the Com mittee on Commerce; took a special interest, in, and was the originator, when in Congress, of the idea of a re-organization of the Patent Office, and the first patent granted, after the re-organization, July 28, 1836, was granted to him tor a locomotive steam-en gine. Ruggles, Nathaniel ; was a native of Massa chusetts; graduated at Harvard University in 1781; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1819. Died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 19 of the latter year, at the age of fifty- eight years. Rumsey, Benjamin ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778 . Rumsey, David, Jr.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851. Rumsey, Edward. ; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Runk, John; was born in New Jersey; was a Presidential Elector in 1841; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1845 to 1847. Runnels, Harrison R.; was born in Mississippi; emigrated to Texas in 1841; served in the Legislature of the State and was Speaker of the House; in 1855 was elected Lieutenant-Governor; in 1857 was elected Governor of Texas. Died in Cowie County, Missis sippi. Runnels, Hiram &.; was Governor of Mi.-. 1s- sippi from 1833 to 1835. Rush, Benjamin; was born at Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1745; was chiefly educated at Princeton College, New Jersey: studied medicine for six years, and then attended lectures at the Edinburgh University, in Scotland; practiced in the hospitals of London, and completed his studies in Paris; on his return he was at once appointed a Professor in a medical institution in Philadelphia; was an earnest advocate of the cause of liberty; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence; was a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution, and subsequently held the post of Cashier of the United States Mint; on retiring from political life, devoted his whole attention to his profession, and was a Professor in various important institutions; as a high officer, took an active part in the Society for the Abolition of Slavery, the Philadel phia Bible Society, the Philadelphia Medical Society. and the American Philosophical Society; among his numerous writings were " Medical Inquiries and Ob servations," and a "History of the Yellow Fever." Died April 19, 1813, and is remembered as one of the leading medical men of his time. He was the father of Richard Rush, for many years Minister to England and France, and also Secretary of the Treasury under President J. Q. Adams. Rush, Richard; was born in Philadelphia August 29, 1780; was the sou of Benjamin Rush- graduated at Princeton College in 1797; studied law ind came to the bar in 1*00; in 1811 was made At torney-General of the State; was soon afterwards ap pointed, by President Madison, Comptroller of the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 431 Treasury; on July 4, 1812, by request, delivered an oration in the Capitol; in 1814 was appointed Attor ney-General of the United States, having declined the office of Secretary of the Treasury; for a few months performed the duties of Secretary of State. under President Monroe; in 1817 was appointed Min ister to England, serving until 1825; was Secretary of the Treasury, under President J. Q. Adams; was candidate for Vice- President on the ticket with Adams; in 1847 was appointed; by President Polk. Minister to France, remaining in office ten years; in 1833 published "A Residence at the Court of St. James"; a Sequel to it in 1845; in 1857, "Familiar. Letters of Washington "; in 1860 a volume of "Occa sional Productions" was published; took a leading part in securing the fund of the Smithsonian Institu tion, and was a Regent of the same; published vari ous papers and addresses on literary and political topics. Died in Philadelphia, July 30, 1859. Busk, Jeremiah. M.; was born in Morgan Coun ty, Ohio, June 17. 1830; received a good education; removed to Wisconsin in 1853; held several county offices; was a member of the Legislature in 1862; was commissioned Major of AVisconsin Volunteers in 1862; was soon afterward promoted; served with General Sherman from the siege of Vicksburg until mustered out at the close of the war, and was brevetted Briga dier-General for meritorious services at the battle of Salkehatchie; was elected Bank Comptroller of Wis consin in 1866, and re-elected for 1868; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty -second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was elected Governor of Wisconsin for the term of three years from January, 1882; was re-elected in 1884. Rusk, Thomas J.; was born in South Carolina in 1802; studied law, and practiced with success in Georgia; in the early part of 1835 removed to Texas, and was a prominent actor in all the important events in the history of the Republic of the State of Texas ; was a member of the Convention which de clared Texas an independent Republic, in March. 1836; was the first Secretary of War; participated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took command of the army after General Houston was wounded; con tinned in command of the army until the organization of the Constitutional Government in October, 1836. when he was again appointed Secretary of War: re signed after a few months; afterwards commanded several expeditions against the Indians ; served as a member of the House of Representatives, and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which last office he resigned early in 1842; in 1845 was President of the Convention that consummated the annexation of Texas to the United States; upon the admission of Texas into the Union, in 1845, was elected one of the Senators in the Congress of the United States, in which office he served two terms, and was re-elected for the third term, ending in 1863; was Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office; took a deep inter est in the wagon-road to the Pacific, and the Over land Mail; at the time of his death, which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29, 1856, was President pro tern, of the Senate ; in a moment of insanity, caused by the overwhelming grief at the death of his wife, took his own life; aged fifty-four years. Buss, John; was a native of Ipswich, Massa chusetts; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1819 to 1823. Died at Hartford, Connecticut, June 22, 1832, aged sixty-eight years. Russell, Daniel Lindsay ; was born in Bruns wick County, North Carolina, August 7, 1845; was educated at the Bingham School and at the Chapel Hill University; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1866; was elected a Representative in the State Legislature in 1864, and re-elected in 1865; was elected Judge of the Superior Courts for the Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1868, and served six years; was a member of the State Constitutional Conven tion of 1871; was again elected to the Legislature in 1876; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of that year; was elected a Representa tive from North Carolina to the Forty -sixth Congress. Russell, David; was born in Massachusetts in 1800; was a Representative in the New York Legis lature in 1 f 26 and 1830, from Washington County; was United States District Attorney for Northern New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1835 to 1841, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Salem, Washing ton County, New York, November 24, 1861. Russell, James M.; was born at York, Pennsyl vania, November 10, 1786; was a successful lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843. Died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1870. Russell, Jeremiah ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Russell, John ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1809. Russell, Jonathan; was born in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; was appointed Minister Plen ipotentiary to Sweden in 1814; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1821 to 1823. Died February 16, 1832. Russell, Joseph ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and from 1851 to 1853. Russell, Samuel L.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Russell, Thomas ; was born in Massachusetts; in 1874 was appointed from that State Minister Resi dent to Venezuela, residing at Caracas. Russell, "William; was born in Inland; emi grated to Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1833, and again from 1841 to 1843. Russell, "William A.; was born at Wells River, Vermont, April 22, 1831; received an academic edu cation; engaged in the business of manufacturing paper, in 1852, at Exeter, New Hampshire; after wards located at Lawrence, Massachusetts, in the same business, and established paper mills in several other places; also engaged in agriculture; was a Del egate to the Republican National Conventions of 1868 and 1876; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1869; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty -sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Russell, "William P.; was born in Saugerties, Ulster County, New York; was a merchant for twenty years; was a member of the Legislature of New York in 1850, serving one term; was elected a Representative from New York in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af fairs. 432 B I O G K A P H 1 C A L ANNALS. Bust, Albert ; was born in Virginia; removing to Arkansas, was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Koads and Canals, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Re bellious States; took part in the Rebellion of 18(il, and was a Brigadier-General. .Rutherford, Allan; was born in New York City, October 29, 1839; brought up in a mercantile house and studied law, coming to the bar in 1860; served as a volunteer officer during the Rebellion, and became a Brigadier-General by brevet; settled in Wilmington, North Carolina; in 1866 was appointed a Captain in the Regular Army; resigned in 1870 to accept the office of Third Auditor of the United States Treasury, which office he resigned in January, 1876. Rutherford, John ; was a native of New York City; was a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling; graduated at New Jersey College in 1776; was educated a lawyer; was a Senator of the United States from New Jersey from 1791 to 1798; was a Presidential Elector in 1798, 1813, and 1821; was the last survivor of the Senators in Congress during the administration of President Washington; early re tired from public life, and being one of the largest landholders in New Jersey, was actively engaged in agricultural and internal improvements. Died at Ederston, New Jersey, February 23, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age. Rutherford, John ; was a native of Virginia; was Governor of that State in 1841 and 1842. Rutherford, Robert ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 171)3 to 1797. Rutledge, Edward; was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in November, 1749; received a good education; studied law at the Temple, in London, England: was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of In dependence; took part in military affairs, and was taken prisoner at Charleston, remaining in confine ment nearly a year; subsequently served in the State Assembly; in 1798 was elected Governor of South Carolina, holding the office until his death, which oc curred January 23, 1800. He had an enviable repu tation, both as an orator and a patriot. Rutledge, John ; was born in Ireland in 1739; emigrated to South Carolina; studied law in England: returning to South Carolina in 1761, took an active part in the Revolutionary cause, and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress; in 1776 was appointed President of South Carolina, and Cormnander-in- Chief of that Colony, having also been a member of the Convention of 1774; was Governor of the State in 1779; was Chancellor of the State in 1784; was a member of the Convention to frame the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument; was a Representative in Congress from 1797 to 1803; after having been Judge of the Court of Chancery, Chief Justice of South Carolina, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, was finally pro moted to the position of Chief Justice, but was not confirmed by the Senate. Died in July, 1800. Ryall, D. D.; was born in Trenton, New Jersey; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representa tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1839 to 1841. Ryan, Thomas ; was born at Oxford, New York, November 25, 1837: was reared in Bradford ( ounty, Pennsylvania ; received an academic education -, adopted the profession of the law: entered the Union Army in 1862 and was mustered out as a Captain in 1864, having been incapacitated for duty by wounds received in battle; in 1865 removed to Kansas and settled in Topeka; was County Attorney for eight years; was Assistant United States Attorney from 1873 to 1877; was elected a Representative from Kan sas to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth. Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Ryerson, Martin ; was born in New Jersey in 1815; received a liberal education and adopted the profession of the law, in which he was eminently suc cessful; was, for a time, Associate Justice of the Su preme Court of New Jersey; in 1874 was appointed one of the Judges of the Court organized in Wash ington for the purpose of adjudicating the Alabama Claims; participated to some extent in the political affairs of his time, and was noted for his high charac ter and benevolence; ill-health caused him to resign his last public position, and he died at his residence in Newton, New Jersey, in June, 1875. He was re markable for his strict business habits, and a few hours before his death made a calculation as to the cost of his funeral, and signed a check for the amount required, giving as a reason that he did not want his executors to be troubled about the matter while set tling his estate. Ryon, John W.; was born in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1825; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice; was District Attorney of his native county from 1850 to 1856; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- sixth Congress. Sabin, Alvah ; was born at Georgia, Vermont, October 23, 1793; was educated for the ministry; served ten years in the State Legislature; was Secre tary of State for Vermont in 1841 ; was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1857. Sabin, Chauncey Brewer; was born at Oneonta, Otsego County, New York, August 6, 1824; received a liberal education, completing hi.s college course in 1840; read law; was admitted to the bar, at Albany, New York, in January, 1846, and en gaged in practice there; in December, 1847, removed to Houston, Texas, where he practiced his profession ; he remained a steadfast Unionist during the War of the Rebellion, and, in 1863, was compelled to seek safety in flight, his native State being his refuge; after the close of the war, in 1865, he returned to Houston and resumed the practice of law; in 1867 was appointed Judge of the Third Judicial District of Texas, and was the first .Judge to empanel colored jurors; he held this office until the Fall of 1868; in 1871 removed to Galveston, Texas; was Judge of the District Court in 1871-72; in the Spring of 1872 was appointed City Attorney of Galveston; in 1873 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1874 was appointed, by President Grant, Postmaster at Galveston, which office he held until March 31, 1883; on April 5, 1884, was appointed, by President Arthur, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Texas. Sabin, jDwight M.; was born in LaSalle County, Illinois, April 25, 1844; was reared on a farm, at tending the District School in Winter; in 18.">7 re moved, with his parents, to Connecticut; attended Phillips Academy for a time; served in the Union Army as Aid on the Staff of Dr. Hard, Chief Med ical Officer of Pleasanton s Corp*, for a few months, in 1863, but failing health rompslled him to resign; in October of that year became a Clerk in the office BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 433 of the Third Auditor, at Washington City; resigned in 1864 and engaged in farming, and the lumber business in Connecticut; removed to Minnesota in 18C8, engaging in lumbering and manufacturing, in which he was very successful; in 187U was elected a State Senator, and was re-elected in 1871; served several terms as a Representative in the State Legis lature; became President of several large manufac turing companies; was elected a United States Sena tor from Minnesota for syc years from March 4, 1883. Sabin, G-eorge M.; was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, September 18, 183f>; was educated at Western Reserve College, Ohio, graduating therefrom in 185(5; removed to Wisconsin; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858, and engaged in practice; at the breaking out of the Rebellion enlisted in the First Wisconsin Regiment, and served throughout the war; removed to Nevada in 1868, and practiced law; in 1882 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Nevada, residing at Carson City. Sabine, Lorenzo ; was born at Lisbon, New Hampshire, February 28, 1803; was entirely self-ed ucated; was bred a merchant; was for many years a bank officer; was for some time Secretary of the Boston Board of Trade; was three times elected to the Legislature of Maine from Eastport; was at one time Deputy Collector of the Port of Passamaquoddy ; held, in Massachusetts, the position of Confidential Agent of the Treasury Department; was a Repre sentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-second Congress; devoted much of his time to literary pur suits, and was the author of a " Life of Commodore Preble," "The American Loyalists," "Report on the American Fisheries," and "Notes on Duels and Duelling " ; was also a contributor to the North Amer ican Review and other leading periodicals; the degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by Bowdoin and Harvard Colleges. Sadler, Thomas William ; was born near Rus- sellville, Franklin County, Alabama, April 17, 1831 ; removed, with his parents, to Jefferson County, Ala bama, in 1833; received an academic education; re moved to Antauga County, Alabama, in 1855; en gaged in mercantile pursuits until the beginning of the Civil War; volunteered and served in the division of the Confederate Army commanded by General Joseph Wheeler; after the close of the war engaged in agricultural pursuits and the practice of law; was County Superintendent of Education from 1875 to 1884; was a Presidential Elector in 1880; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty- ninth Congress. Sackett, William A.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Sage, Ebenezer ; graduated at Yale College in 1778; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1820. Died in 1834. Sage, George B.; was born at Erie, Pennsyl vania, August 24, 1828; removed to Ohio in 1835; graduated from Granville College, Ohio, in 1849, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1852; practiced law at Cincinnati from 1852 to 1858 as a member of the law firm of King, Anderson & Sage, and after wards of Corwin & Sage; removed to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1858, and practiced law there until 1865, holding 28 the office of Prosecuting Attorney three terms; re turned to Cincinnati in January, 1865, and practiced law in the firm of Sage & Hinkle until appointed, in March. 1883, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio. Sage, Russell; was born in Oneida County, New York, August 4, 1816; received a common school education ; commenced active life as a clerk in a store at Troy, New York, and until 1853 was wholly devoted to mercantile pursuits; in 1841 was elected an Alderman of the city of Troy, and by an nual re-elections, served seven years in that capacity; was Treasurer of Rensselaer County for seven years, in which office he was especially popular; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 1857, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and on Ways and Means. He was the first man who advocated, on the floor of Congress, the purchase of Mount Vernon by the General Government. Safford, A. P. K.; was Governor of the Terri tory of Arizona from 1870 to 1878. Sailly, Peter; was born in Loraine, France; first came to the United States in 1783, and settled in Clinton County, New York; having been well edu cated, and possessing a decided talent for business, acquired considerable influence, and held several offices of public trust in his adopted State; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807; on his retirement from that position, was appointed, by President Jefferson, Collector of Cus toms for the District of Champlain, holding the office until his death, which occurred at Pittsburgh, in 1826. Saltonstall, Leveret! ; was born in Massachu setts, in 1781; graduated at Harvard College in 1802; commenced the practice of law in Salem, Massachu setts in 1805, and was distinguished as a lawyer; was a State Senator in 1831; was Mayor of Salem from 1836 to 1838; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; frequently served in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1838 to 1843; was also an active member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Massachusetts His torical Society, and the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by Harvard College, to which institution he left a legacy; made a bequest of valuable books to Phillips Academy, at Exeter, where he commenced his education. Died at Salem, Massachusetts, May 8, 1845. Samford, William J.; was born at Greenville, Georgia, September 16, 1844; in early childhood re moved to Alabama; received a limited education; left the University of Qeorgia at the age of seventeen to enter the Confederate Army as a private, and rose to the rank of Captain; studied law, and commenced to practice in 1871 ; was a Delegate to the State Con stitutional Convention of 1875; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-sixth Congress. Sammons, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1803 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813. Sample, Samuel O.; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1845. Sampson, Ezekiel S. ; was born in Huron County, Ohio, December 6, 1831 ; received his early education, at public schools; later at Howe s Academy, Iowa, and at Knox College, Illinois; studied law, and began to practice at Sigourney, Iowa, in 1856; was Prose- 434 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. cuting Attorney in 1856, 1857, and 1858; was Cap tain in the Fifth Iowa Infantry in 1861 and 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1883 and 1864; was a State Senator in 1866; was Judge of the Sixth Judi cial District of Iowa from January, 1867, to January, 1875; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty -fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Sampson, Zabdiel ; was born in Plympton, Massachusetts; graduated at Brown University in 1803; adopted the profession of the law; was a Rep resentative in Congress from his native State from 1817 to 1819; in 1820 was appointed Collector of Customs at Plymouth, where he died, while in office, July 19, 1828. Samuel, G-reen B.; was born in Virginia in 1794; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1838 to 1841 ; was. for eleven years, Judge of the Su preme Court of Appeals. Died at Richmond, Janu ary 5, 1859, aged sixty-five years. Sandford, John ; was a native of New York ; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843; was a member of the New York Senate, in the extra session of 1851. Died in Am sterdam, Montgomery County, New.York, October, 1857. Sandford, Jonah ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1830, from the county of St. Lawrence; was a Representati vein Congress from 1830 to 1831. Sandford, Thomas ; was born in "Westmore land County, Virginia, in 1762; removed to Kentucky in 1792, and settled at Covington; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1799; was sev eral times a member of the Legislature; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1803 to 1807; was drowned in the Ohio River, December 10, 1808. Sandidge, John M. ; was born in Franklin County, Georgia, January 7, 1817; was a planter by occupation; served as a member of the Legislature of Louisiana from 1846 to 1855; in 1852 was a member of the Convention that framed the present Constitu tion of that State; was Speaker of the House in the Louisiana Legislature in 1854 and 1855; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Sands, Joshua ; was born in Queens County, New York, in 1758; during the war of 1775 was a member of the Brooklyn Home Guards; in 1797 was appointed, by President Adams, Collector of Cus toms for the port of New York; was at one time a Magistrate in Kings County; also took an active part, with two brothers, in the Revolutionary War to its close; was a member of the New York Senate from Kings County from 1792 to 1799 ; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1803 to 1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. Died in his native county, September 13, 1835. He was the father of Commodore Sands. Sanford, Henry S.; in 1849 was appointed Sec retary of Legation to France; from 1861 to 1869 was Minister Resident to Belgium. Sanford, James T.; was born in Virginia; was liberally educated; removed to Tennessee at an early day; was a Representative in Congress from Tennes see from 1823 to 1825 ; having acquired a large property in the pursuits of agriculture, he appro priated a part of his wealth to the establishment of "Jackson College," where many prominent men have been educated. Died many years ago. Sanford, Jonah; was born in Cornwall, Ver mont, in 1789; removed to Hopkinton, New York, in 1811; in 1829 and 1830 represented his county in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress for the unexpired term of Silas Wright, from De cember, 1830, to March, 1831; was one of the Asso ciate Judges of the Court *of Common Pleas; on the breaking out of the Rebellion exerted himself to raise a regiment of troops, in which he succeeded, and then turned it over to the command of another. Died in Hopkinton, December 25, 1867. Sanford, Nathan; was born at Bridgehampton, Long Island, November 5, 1779; was admitted to the bar in 1799; was United States Commissioner of Bankruptcy for New York in 1802; was United States District Attorney for New York from 1803 to 1816; was Speaker of the Assembly in 1811 ; was afterwards State Senator; was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention in 1821 ; wasa United States Senator from 1815 to 1821, and asjain from 1825 to 1831 ; was Chancellor of New York from 1823 to 1825. Died at Bridgehampton, October, 1838. Sanford, Stephen ; was born in Montgomery County, New York, May 26, 1826; was educated at the Georgetown (District of Columbia) College and the Poughkeepsie Institute; was a carpet manufac turer; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Manufactures and Patents. Sapp, William Fletcher; was born at Dan ville, Ohio, November 20, 1824; received a common school and academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850, and began to practice at Mount Vernon, Ohio; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1854, and again in 1856; in 1860 re moved to Nebraska; in 1861 was appointed Adjutant- General of Nebraska Territory, and subsequently elected to the Territorial Legislature; served in the Union Army as Lieutenant-Colonel; removed to Iowa; was a State Representative in 1865; United States District Attorney from 1869 to 1873; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Sapp, William B.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1857. Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee; was born at Methuen, Massachusetts, November 2, 1731; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1750; studied law, and practiced in Haverhill; was elected a Delegate to the Provincial Congress in 1775; was a Repre sentative in the Legislature in 1776 ; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; became Chief Jus tice in 1789. Died at Haverhill, Massachusetts. in October, 1791. Sargent, Aaron A.; was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, September 28, 1827; early acquired a knowledge of the printing business; emigrated to California in 1849; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; in 1861 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Select Committee on the Pacific Rail road, to which enterprise he was particularly devoted ; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-Second Congresses; was elected a Senator in Congress for the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 4:55 term comment-ing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serv ing on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Mines and Mining, and Appropriations; March 2, 1882, was appointed, by President Garfield, United States Min ister to Germany. Sargent, Nathan ; was born in Puthey, Ver mont. May 5, 1794; received a good education; studied law. and in his twenty-third year removed to Cahawba. Alabama, where he was a Judge of the County and Probate Courts; between the years 1826 and 1830 resided in Buffalo, New York; in the latter year went to Philadelphia and established a Whig newspaper; subsequently became the Washington correspondent of the United States Gazette, of Phila delphia, and by the assumed name of Oliver Old- school, became quite famous; in 1849 was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives in Washington; was Register of the Treasury from 1851 to 1853; in 1861 was appointed Commissioner of Customs, and held the position until 1871, when he resigned. Died in Washington, February 2, 1875. At the time of his death he was President of the Washington Reform School, and his last literary labor was the preparation of a work entitled " Pub lic Men and Events," which came from the press, in two volumes, only a few days before his death. He made a decided mark in his time as a journalist, an executive officer, and a man of high character. Sarg-ent, Winthrop ; was born at Gloucester, Massachusetts, May 1, 1753; graduated at Harvard University in 1771; in 1775 was Captain of one of his father s ships; entered the Army in that year; was appointed Navy Agent at Gloucester in 1776; was Captain and Lieutenant of Knox s Regiment of Artillery in 1776, and took part in the siege of Bos ton, and the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Braudywine, Germantown, Monmouth, etc., attaining the rank of Major, serv ing during the entire war; became connected with the Ohio Company, and in 1786 was appointed, by Congress, Surveyor of the Northwest Territory; be came its Secretary in 1787; was Governor of the Territory of Mississippi from 1798 to 1801; was Adjutant-General of St. Glair s army in the un fortunate expedition against the Indians, in 1791. and was wounded; was Adjutant-General and In spector in Wayne s Campaign in 1794 and 1795; was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Philosophical Society; he published "Boston, a Poem," in 1803. Died on a voyage from Natchez to Philadelphia, June 3. 18:20. His grandson, bear ing the same name, was noted as an author. Saulsbury, Eli ; was born in Kent County. Delaware. December 29,1817; was educated at Dick inson College; studied and practiced law; was a member of the State Legislature of Delaware in 1853 and 1854; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1871, for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Commit tees on Pensions, Privileges and Elections, Printing, and Post Offices and Post Roads; was re-elected in 1877, and again in 1883. Saulsbury. Gove ; was born in Delaware; was elected Governor of that State in 1865, remaining in office until 1871; was a brother of Senator Eli.Sauls- bury. Saulsbury, "Willard ; was born in Kent Coun ty, Delaware, June 2, 1820; was educated at Dela ware College and also at Dickinson College; studied Jaw, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; in 1850 was appointed Attorney-General of Delaware, hold ing the office five years; in 1859 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1865, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Pensions, and Patents and the Patent Office; was a Delegate to the "Chi cago Convention" of 1864; was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining. Saunders, Alvin ; was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, July 12, 1817; received an academic edu cation; removed to Iowa in 1836; was Postmaster at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, for seven years; studied law but never practiced; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and in banking; was a member of the Convention called to frame the first Constitution of Iowa; was a State Senator for eight years; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1860 and 18? 8; was one of the Commissioners appointed by Congress to organize the Pacific Railroad Company; was Gov ernor of the Territory of Nebraska from 1861 until it was admitted as a State in 1867; was elected a United States Senator from Nebraska for the term of six years from March 4, 1877. Saunders, Romulus M.; was born in Caswell County, North Carolina. March. 1791; received an academic education, and spent two years in the University of that State; studic:! law in Tennessee, and was admitted to practice there in 1812; returned to North Carolina; was in the House of Commons from 1815 to 1820, and for two years Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress from North Caro lina from 18-21 to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845; in 1828 was Attorney-General of the State; in 1833 was President of the Board of Commissioners to settle the claims of American citizens under the treaty of July 4, 1831, with France; in 1835 was elected a Jud ge of the State Supreme Court; in 1846 was ap pointed, by President Polk, Minister to Spain, where he remained four years ; on his return was again elected to the Legislature of North Carolina; afterwards de voted much attention to the railroad improvements of the State. Died in Raleigh, April 21, 1867. Savage, John ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814; from 1815 to 1819 was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State; subsequently held the positions of District Attorney, Comptroller of the State, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, and Treasurer of the United States for New York ; was a Presidential Elector in 1845. Died in Utica, October 19, 1863, aged eighty-four years. Savage, John H.; was a native of Warren County, Tennessee; during his minority volunteered as a private soldier, under General Gaines, to defend the Texan frontier; also served during a campaign in Florida; afterwards studied law; commenced prac tice, in 1837, at Smithville, Tennessee; was elected Colonel of the Tennessee Militia; was elected, by the Legislature, Attorney-General of the Fourth District of his State, in 1841, and held the office until 1847; during that year received, from President Polk, the appointment of Major in the Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry, and, joining the American Army in Mexico, was present at the battles of Con- treras, Cherubusco, and Molina del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec; was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and as such had command of his regiment, after the death of Colonel Graham, until the close of the war; on returning to Tennessee, resumed the practice of his profession ; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1849 ; was re-elected in 1851; declined being a candidate in 1853; was again elected to Congress in 1855 and 1857; was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. 436 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Savage, John S.; was born in Clermont County, Ohio, October 30, 1841; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Clinton County, Ohio, in 1865; never held any pub lic office until elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress. Sawtelle, Cullen ; was born in Norridgewock, Maine; graduated from Bowdoin College in 1 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; served eight years as Register of Probate; was a State Senator during the years 1843 and 1844; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851. Sawyer, Frederick A. ; was born in Bolton, Wor cester County, Massachusetts, December 12, 1822; while yet a boy, acted as a clerk, and taught school for several winters; graduated at Harvard College in 1844; was a teacher at Gardiner and Wiscasset, in the State of Maine, for seven years: from 1851 to 1859, continued the profession of teaching at Lowell, South Reading, and Boston, in Massachusetts, and at Nashua, in New Hampshire; in 1859 went to Charles ton. South Carolina, and had charge of the Normal School there until 1861, when, as a loyal man, he and his family were permitted to return to New En gland; returned to Charleston in 1865, and was made Collector of Internal Revenue; was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, under the Acts of Reconstruction, but was compelled to decline; was elected a Senator in Congress from South Carolina, for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Commit tees on Private Land Claims, Education, Pensions, and Appropriations; was subsequently appointed As sistant Secretary of the Treasury. Sawyer, John Gilbert ; was born at Brandon. Vermont, June 5, 1825; was educated at the com mon schools and at Millville Academy; studied law: was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the prac tice of law; settled at Albion, Vermont; was a Jus tice of the Peace from January, 1852, to April, 1858; was District Attorney of Orleans County, Vermont, from January 1, 1863, to January 1, 1866; was Judge and Surrogate of Orleans County from January 1, 1868, to January 1, 1884; in the latter year, was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Forty- ninth Congress. Sawyer, Lemuel ; was born in Camden County, North Carolina, in 1777; was educated at Flatbush, New York; studied law; was in the State Legislature in 1801; voted in the Electoral College for Thomas Jefferson in 1804; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to Congress in 1807, serving until 1813; subsequently served in the same capacity from 1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to 1829; about the year 1850 removed to Washington, and held a clerkship in one of the departments; published a Life of John Randolph. Sawyer, Lorenzo ; was born in Le Roy, Jeffer son County, New York, May 23, 1820; while obtain ing the rudiments of his education worked upon a farm; in his sixteenth year, went with his father to Pennsylvania ; subsequently went to Ohio, and finished his education at the Western Reserve Col lege; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; re moved to Illinois; thence to Wisconsin; in 1850 went to California; worked for a time in the mines; set tled in the practice of his profession at Sacramento ; soon afterwards went to Nevada, where he remained until 1853; settled permanently in San Francisco; in 1854 was elected Attorney for the city; was after wards appointed Judge of the District Court for the State; in 1863 was elected one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the State; was Chief Justice from 1868 to 1870; in the latter year was commissioned United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, re siding in San Francisco, California. Sawyer, Philetus ; was born at Whiting, Ad- dison County, Vermont, September 22, 1816; re ceived a good common school and business education; removed to Wisconsin and devoted himself to the lumber trade; was elected to the Legislature of Wis consin in 1857 and 1861 ; in 1863 was elected Mayor of Oshkosh, and re-elected in 1864; was elected a Rep resentative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and on Invalid Pensions; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce and Southern Railroads; was also re-elected to the three succeeding Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad and as a member of various other Committees; declined a re-election; was elected a United States Senator from Wisconsin for the term of six years, from March 4. 1881. Sawyer, Samuel L.; was born at Mount Ver- non, New Hampshire. November 27, 1813; gradu ated at Dartmouth College in 1833; was admitted to the bar at Amherst, New Hampshire, in 1836; re moved to Missouri in 1838; was elected Circuit At torney in 1848, and re-elected in 1852; was a Dele gate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1861, and to the National Democratic Convention of 1868; was elected a Circuit Judge in 1871, and re-elected in 1874; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty -sixth Congress. Sawyer, S. T.; was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839; was appointed, by President Pierce, Collector of Customs at Norfolk, Virginia; was sub sequently editor of the Norfolk Argus. Died in New Jersey, November 29, 1865, aged sixty-five years. Sawyer, William; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1849. Say, Benjamin ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1809, for the unexpired term of Joseph Clay. Sayers, Joseph D.; was born at Grenada, Mis sissippi, September 23, 1841 ; removed, with his par ents, to Texas in 1851 ; was educated at the Bastrop Military Institute, at Bastrop, Texas; in 1861 en listed in Fifth Regiment of Texas Volunteers for ser vice in the Confederate Army; was, soon afterwards, appointed Adjutant of the Regiment; for gallantry on the field of battle, was promoted Captain and as signed to the command of the Val Verde Battery; in April, 1863, was severely wounded; was afterwards promoted to a Majority, and assigned to duty as Chief of Staff of Green s Cavalry Corps; was again severely wounded at the battle of Mansfield, Louis iana, in 1864; in the fall of 1864 was assigned to duty as Chief of Artillery for the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana; after the close of the war, returned to Bastrop, Texas; taught school and studied law; was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of law at Bastrop; in 1872 was elected a State Senator; in 1875 was Grand Mas ter of Masons for the State of Texas; in 1876, 1877, and 1878 was Chairman of the Democratic State Ex ecutive Committee; in the latter year was elected BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Lieutenant-Governor of Texas; in 1883 was elected President of the Live-Stock Association of Texas; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-ninth Congress. Sayler, Henry B.; was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, March 31, 1836; removed to Clinton County, Indiana, in 1836; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; enlisted in the army as Lieutenant; was pro moted to Major of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Indiana Infantry; held no public office until elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Weights and Measures. Sayler, Milton ; was born in Lewisburg, Preble Connty, Ohio, November 4, 1831; graduated at Miami University in 1852, and at the Cincinnati Law School; practiced law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1862 and 1863, and of the City Coun cils in 1864 and 1865; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-third and Forty -fourth Con gresses, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws and Private Land Claims; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Pub lic Lands; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Scales, Alfred M., Jr.; was born in Rocking- ham County, North Carolina, November 26, 1827; was chiefly educated at the Chapel-Hill University ; adopted the profession of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was elected to the Legislature of North Carolina in 1852 and 1856; in 1857 was elected a Representative from his native State to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; was a Presidential Elector in 1861 ; was elected to the Forty-fourth Con gress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; in 1884 was elected Gov ernor of North Carolina for four years. Scammon, John F.; was born in Saco, Maine, October 24, 1786; was bred a merchant; served in the Massachusetts Legislature, as a Representative, during 1817, and in the Maine Legislature in 1820 and 1821; was Collector of Customs at Saco from 1829 to 1841; was Secretary of an insurance company from 1841 to 1845, and Treasurer of a savings bank from 1843 to 1845; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to 1847; was a State Senator in 1855. Died May 23, 1858. Schell, Richard ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of David B. Mellish, serving on the Committee on the Census. Schenck, Abraham H.; was born in 1777; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1801. 1805, and 1806; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1817; was among the first who engaged in the manufacture of cotton under the non-intercourse laws. Died in 1831. Schenck, Ferdinand S.; was born in Middle- Bex County, New Jersey, February 11, 1790; received a common school education; having studied medi cine, was, for many years, devoted to its practice; in 1829 was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1830 and 1831; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837; in 1844 was a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution; was soon afterwards elected a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, which po sition he held for eight years. Died atCamden, New Jersey, May 17, 1860. Schenck, Robert O.; was born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, October 4, 1809; graduated at Miami University in 1827, where he remained one or two years as a tutor; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Dayton; in 1840 was elected a Representative to the Ohio Legislature; was re-elected in 1842; was a Representative in Con gress from his native State from 1843 to 1851, serv ing on many committees; during the Thirtieth Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals; on his retirement from Congress was ap pointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to Brazil, and during his residence in South America took part in negotiating a number of treaties; on his return, in 1853, became extensively engaged in the railway business; in 1861 served as a Brigadier and Major- General in the Union Army; in 1862 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, a member of the Board of Visitors to the West Point Academy, and was President of the Board; served on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs; was a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois; also of the Committee on Retrenchment; was one of the Repre sentatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866, and to the "Soldiers Convention" held at Pittsburgh ; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Ordinance, and at the head of the Committee on Ways u:id Means; in 1870 was appointed Minister to England ; on his return to the United States, set tled in Washington City in the practice of his pro fession. Schermerhorn, Abraham M.; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1853. Died in Rochester, New York, August 22, 1855. Schleicher, Gustave ; was born at Darmstadt, Germany, November 19, 1823; was educated at the University of Giessen ; became a civil engineer, and was employed on the construction of railroads ; emi grated to Texas in 1847; at first lived on the frontier, but settled in San Antonio in 1850; served in the State Legislature in 1853 and 1854; from 1859 to 1861 served in the State Senate; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty- sixth Congresses. Died, at Washington City, Jan uary 10, 1879. Schley, William ; was born in Frederick City, Maryland, December 15, 1786; received an academic education in Georgia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Augusta, Georgia, in 1812; continued the practice of his profession until 1825, when lie vvas elected a Judge of the Superior Court of the Mid- lie District of Georgia; was elected to the State Leg islature in 1830; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1833 to 1835; during the two suc- eeding years was Governor of Georgia; published a "Digest of the English Statutes "; was, when Gov ernor, one of the most active supporters of the West ern and Atlantic Railroad; at the time of his death ,vas President of the Medical College of Georgia. Died at Augusta, Georgia, November 20, 1858. 438 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Schofleld, John McAllister; was born in Chautanqua County, New York, September 29, 1831 ; removed to Illinois with his parents, when a boy; graduated at the West Point Military Academy in 1853, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Second Artillery; was first stationed in South Carolina and Florida; was an instructor in Natural Philosophy, at West Point, for five years; in 1860 w^s granted leave of absence to occupy the chair of Natural Philosophy in Washington University, at St. Louis; on the commencement of hostilities in 1860 was detailed, by the War Department, to raise troops and was appointed Major of the First Missouri Vol unteers; in 1861 was appointed a Captain in the Reg ular Army: was Chief of General Lyon s Staif as Assistant Adjutant when that heroic General fell at Wilson s Creek, and acquitted himself with great gal lantry; in November, 1861, was made a Brigadier- General of Volunteers; in June, 1862, the entire State of Missouri was placed under his command; in Octo ber following he won the battle of Maysville, near Pea Ridge, in Arkansas; soon after that was commis sioned a Major-General of Volunteers; in 1864 be came a Brigadier-General in the Regular Army, and in 1865 was elevated to the full rank of Major-Gen eral; in 1864 joined General Sherman with seventeen thousand men, and took a conspicuous part in nearly all the engagements of the Atlanta campaign, until the surrender of General Joseph Johnston; after the war made a tour of inspection in the Southern States; also visited Europe; in 1867 was assigned to the First Military District, comprising Virginia; on the resig nation of General Grant as Secretary of War ad in terim, and while impeachment was progressing, was appointed, by President Johnson, Secretary of War; after the acquittal of the President, was duly con firmed, May 30, 1868. Schoolcraft, John L.; was born in Albany, New York, and was always identified with that city as a merchant; was, for many years, President of the Commercial Bank of Albany ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1853. Died at St. Catherine s, Canada West, in May, 18oO. Schoonmaker, Cornelius O.; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York from 1791 to 1793; was, for fourteen years, before and after the above term, a member of the New York Assembly, from the County of Ulster. Schoonmaker, Marius ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Schroecter, Francis ; was a citizen of Rhode Island, and a man of superior culture; in 1849 was appointed Charge (P Affaires to Sweden; in 1854 was raised to the rank of Minister Resident; subsequently traveled extensively in Europe, and published an in teresting work in two volumes of observations on the Mediterranean. Schultz, Emanuel ; was born in Berks County Pennsylvania, July 25, 1819; removed to Ohio in 1838; engaged in the business of manufacturing; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1673; in 1875 was elected a member of the State H< use of Representatives for the term of two years- was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- seventh Congress. Schumaker, John G.; was born in Claverack Columbia County, New York, June 27, 1826, of Ger man parentage; received an academic education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847; in 1853 ettled in Brooklyn, New York, where he practiced his profession; in 1856 was elected District Attorney for Kings County; in 18(32 and 1864 was elected Cor poration Counsel for the city of Brooklyn; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Ninth Census; was also elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses. Schuneman, Martin G-.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807; was a man of immense size, and of great force of charac ter. Schureman, James ; was a graduate of Queen s College; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 and 1787; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1789 to 1791. and from 1797 to 1799; was a Senator in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when he resigned; was again a Representative from 1813 to 1815; was at one time Mayor of New Bruns wick. Schurz, Carl; was born near Cologne, Germany, March 2, 1829; was educated at the University of Bonn; while yet a young man, became connected with the press, and edited a paper identified with the Revolution of 1848; took part in the defense of Ras- tadt, after which he fled to Switzerland ; subsequent ly resided in Paris and London, where he was a teacher and correspondent for three years; emigrated to the United States in 1852; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, taking a leading part in its proceedings; in 1861 was selected, by President Lincoln, as Minister to Spain, which position he soon resigned; was then appointed a Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and was present at the second battle of Bull Run, and at the battle of Gettysburg; after the war was appointed a commissioner to visit the South ern States and report upon the affairs of the Freed- men s Bureau; in 1865 and 1866 was a Washington correspondent for the New York Tribune: was subse quently connected with the press of Detroit and St. Louis; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; was elected a Senator in Congress from Mis souri for the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Terri tories, and Military Affairs; in 1876 became Secre tary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Hayes, remaining in the position throughout the term of four years; afterwards became editor of the New York Evening Post, in which position he con tinued until 1884. Schuyler, Eugene; was born at Ithaca, New York, February 26, 1840; received a classical educa tion, graduating at Yale College in 1859; received the degree of Ph.D. from that institution in 1861; stud ied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1862; re ceived the degree of LL.B. from Columbia College in 1863; practiced law in New York, at the same time engaging in literary pursuits; in 1867 was appointed United States Consul at Moscow, Russia; in 18f>9 Consul at Reval; in that year was appointed Secre tary of Legation at St. Petersburg, Russia, and, while holding that office, was several times, for long periods, Charge ft Affaires; in 1872 traveled in Cen tral Asia, and in 1876 published an account of that country under the title of "Turkistan"; in 1876 was appointed Secretary of Legation and Consul- General at Constantinople, Turkey, taking part in the investigation of events in Bulgaria; in 1878 was appointed Consul at Birmingham, England; in 1879, Consul-General at Rome, Italy; in 1880, Charge 1 Affaires and Consul-General at Bucharest, Rou- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 439 mania, where he signed treaties with Roumania on behalf of the United States; in 1881 was sent on a special mission to Belgrade, Servia, where he con cluded treaties with that country; in 1883 was ap pointed Minister Resident and Consul-General to Greece, Roumania, and Servia; contributed to various American and English periodicals; published two translations from the Russian, "Father and Son," by Targenef, in 1867, and " The Cossacks, " by Count Tolstoi, in 1878; edited a translation from the Fin nish in 1867; published a biography of Peter the Great in 1879 to 1883; in 1882 received the degree of LL.D. from Williams College; was, at different times, elected a member of the American Geographi cal Society, New York; The Royal Geographical So ciety, London; The Imperial Russian Geographical Society, St. Petersburg; The Royal Italian Geograph ical Society, Rome; The Academy of Arcadia, Rome; The Royal Asiatic Society, London; La Societie Asiatique, Paris, and The Evangelical School, Smyrna. Schuyler, Philip ; was a native of Albany, New York; was appointed Major-General in the army of the Revolution in 1775, and dispatched to the forti fications of the north of New York, to prepare for the invasion of Canada; by the loss of his health, the command soon devolved upon Montgomery; on his recovery, directed the operations against Burgoyne, and in consequence of the evacuation of Ticonderoga, unreasonably fell under some suspicion, and was superseded in command by General Gates; after wards rendered important services, though not in command; was a Delegate to Congress previous to the present Constitution; was a Senator of the United States, by appointment, from 1789 to 1791, and again in 1797, but resigned. Died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy -three years. Schuyler, Philip J.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819. Died in New York City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty- seven years. Sch warts, John; was born in 1 Jerks County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1793; received a common school education; served as Lieutenant in the last war with Great Britain; was engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1806 to 1829, and from that year to 1857 was devoted to farming; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Con gress. Died in July, 1860, before the expiration of its first session. / Scofleld, G-lenni W.; was born in Chantauqua County, New York, March 11, 1S17; graduated at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren, Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the bar in 1843; in 1850 and 1851 was a member of the Penn sylvania Assembly, and from 1857 to 1859 was in the State Senate; in 1861 was appointed President Judge Sot the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State; in 18(i2 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Elections, and Expenditures in the War Department; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Un finished Business; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the three sub sequent Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was Register of the Treasury of the United States from 1878 to 1881, . when he was appointed an Associate Justice of the \United States Court of Claims. Scott, Abraham M.; was Governor of Missis sippi from 1831 to 1833. Scott, Andrew ; was an early emigrant to Ar kansas; in 1819 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for that Territory. Scott, Charles ; was born in Cumberland Coun ty, Virginia, in 1733; was a non-commissioned officer at Braddock s defeat in 1755; raised and commanded the first company south of the James River for the Revolutionary Army; was appointed Colonel of the Third Virginia Battalion in 1776; was distinguished at Trenton; was Brigadier-General in 1777; was at the battle of Stony Point in 1779; was made prisoner at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1780; was not ex changed until near the close of the war; was the last to leave the field of Monmouth, and was particularly distinguished; in 1785 settled in Woodford County, Kentucky; was with St. Clair as Brigadier-General of Kentucky levies; in 1791 commanded in an Ex pedition to the Wabash, and against the Indians; in 1794 commanded a portion of Wayne s Army at the battle of Fallen Timbers; the Shiretown of Powhat- tan was named for him; also a County in Kentucky; was Governor of Kentucky from 1808 to 1812. Died October 22, 1820. Scott, Charles L.; was born at Richmond, Vir ginia, January 23, 1827; his early education was ac quired in the private schools of Richmond and at the Richmond Academy, and during the years 1844, 1845 and 1846 he attended William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, Virginia; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar; practiced law at Richmond, Vir ginia, in 1847, 1848 and 1849; in the latter year went to California in a sailing vessel; in the fall of that year entered upon the practice of law in San Fran cisco, California ; from February, 1850. until the spring of 1852 worked in the gold mines in Northern California; then went to Tuolumne County, in South ern California, where he worked in the mines about two years; in 1854 resumed the practice of his pro fession; in 1855 was the Democratic candidate for State Senator, but was defeated; in 1856 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-fifth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress; left his seat in Congress in March, 1861, and went to Alabama, where he enlisted in the Confeder ate Army; was elected Major of his regiment; par ticipated in the first battle of Manassas, in July, 1861, and was severely wounded in the right leg; at the battle of Seven Pines, in 1862, ruptured his old wound and was compelled to withdraw from active service; was appointed, by President Davis, Chief Justice of the Court of Inquiry of Longstreet s Divi sion, with the rank of Colonel of Cavalry, but was compelled, by ill-health, to decline the office; en gaged in planting; in 1867 became proprietor and editor of a newspaper; in 1877 removed to Mon roe County, Alabama, and engaged in planting; in 1881 resumed the practice of his profession at Monroe- ville, Alabama; in April, 1885, was appointed, by President, Cleveland, United States Minister to Ven ezuela. Scott, Gustavus ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1785; was one of the original Commissioners of Public Buildings lor the District of Columbia. Scott, Harvey D.; was born in Ohio; removed to Indiana; was elected a Representative from In diana to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Scott, James ; was an early emigrant to the West; in 1813 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Indiana. Scott, John ; was born in Hanover County, Vir ginia, in 1782; graduated at Princeton College in 440 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1805; removed, with his parents, to Indiana in 1802; settled at St. Genevieve, Missouri, in 1805; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Missouri from 1816 to 1821; was a Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1821 to 1827. Died at St. Geue- vieve, in 1861. Scott, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, from 18:29 to 1831. Scott, John ; was born at Alexandria, Hunting don County, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1824, his father, bearing the same name, having formerly served in Congress; received a common school education; stud ied law, and came to the bar in 1846; was a Prose cuting Attorney from 1846 to 1849; was for ten years Solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; in 1862 was elected to the State Legislature; presided over a State Convention held at Williarnsport in 1867; was elected a Senator in Congress from Penn sylvania for the term commencing in 1869 and end ing in 1875, serving on the Committees on Naval Af fairs, Claims, and Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of that on Claims. Scott, John Q.; was born in Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, December 26, 1819 ; left that city when seventeen years of age, to seek his fortune in the West; settled in Missouri, and for many years re sided at the Iron Mountain; engaged in the business of iron-master, and in developing the mineral re sources of the State; in 1862, at a special election, was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, in the place of J. W. Noell, deceased ; was a candidate for Congress at the regu lar election, in 1862, against Mr. Noell, but was de feated by a small majority; his committee duties were rendered as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Scott, John Morin ; was Secretary of State of New York State in 1778 and 1789; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1783. Scott, Robert Kingston; was born in Arm strong County, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1826; studied medicine, and graduated as M. D. at the Starling Medical College, Ohio; settled to practice in Henry County, Ohio; was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of theiSixty-eighth Ohio Volunteers in 1861; Colonel in 1862;*. was at the capture of Fort Donelson, battle of Shiloh, and siege of Corinth; commanded a brigade at Hatchie River, Tennessee, under General Hmibut; commanded the advance of General Logan s Division on the march into Mississippi; was engaged at Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, and Champion Hills; commanded the Second Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Corps until July, 1865; was made pris oner near Atlanta; was exchanged September 24, 1864; was in Sherman s operations before A tlanta] and in the "march to the sea"; was Assistant Com missary from 1865 to 1868; was Governor of South Carolina from 1863 to 1871. Scott, Thomas; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Scott, Thomas A.; was born at London, Frank lin County, Pennsylvania, December 28, 1824; was educated at the village school; while a lad was, at different times, employed in several village stores; in 1847 became Collector of Tolls on the Pennsyl vania Canal; in 1850 became General Agent of the Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad; in 1858 was made General Superintendent of the entire line of road; in 1860 was elected Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; in May, 1861, while in Washington attending to railroad business, was commissioned Colonel of the District of Columbia Volunteers; a few weeks later was appointed in charge of all Government railways and telegraphs; in August, 1861, was appointed Assistant Secretary , of War; resigned this office in June, 1862, and re sumed his duties as Vice-President of the Pennsyl vania Railroad Company; in 1863 became Colonel and Assistant Quartermaster on the Staff of General Hooker; then resumed his former office in the Railroad Company; was a Director in several Railroad Companies; from March, 1871, to March, 1872, was, in addition to his other duties, President of the Union Pacific Railway Company; in May, 1872, was elected President of the Texas Pacific Railway Company; in August. 187:?, was elected President of the Atlantic and Pacific Railway Com pany; in 1874 was elected President of the Pennsyl vania Railroad Company; in May, 1880, resigned the latter office. Died May 21, 1881. Scott, William L.; was born at Washington, D. C., July 2, 1828, his parents being residents of Virginia; his father, Robert I. Scott, was a graduate of West Point, in the class of 1812, and his grand father, Gustavus Scott, was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress, and was appointed, by President Washington, the first Commissioner of Public Buildings in the City of Washington; Mr. Scott received a common school education; was a Page in the National House of Representatives from 1840 to 1846; in 1848 settled at Erie, Pennsylvania, as a clerk in the shipping business; in 1850 engaged in the coal and shipping business, owning and employing steam and sailing vessels on the Lakes; subsequently became largely interested in iron manufacturing, coal mining, and the construction and operation of railroads; as 1 resident or Director, was interested in 22,000 miles of completed road, probably the largest mileage in the management of which one man was ever interested; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1868 and 1880; was elected Mayor of Erie in 1866, and again in 1871; was a member of the Democratic National Committee from 1876 to 1884; by the union of Democrats and Inde pendent Republicans in 1884 was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-ninth Con gress. Scott, "Winneld ; was born near Petersburg, Virginia, June 13, 1786; attended the High School at Richmond, and William and Mary College; went through a course of law studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1806; his first military service was ren dered in 1807, when he joined a Militia company of horse, to repel the anticipated invasion of the British; in 1809, after having made an effort to settle in South Carolina as a lawyer, was commissioned a Cap tain, and joined the army at New Orleans; returned home in 1810, but rejoined the Army of Louisiana in 1811; in 1812 was raised to the rank of Major, and later to that of Lieutenant-Colonel, and ordered to Buffalo; in the affair of Qneenstown was taken prisoner by the British ; was exchanged early in 1813; before the close of that year captured Fort George, and was commissioned a Colonel; in 1814 was made Adjutant-General, and during the summer of that year won the important battles of Chippewa and Lundy s Lane, in the last of which he was wounded; for these important, services was brevetted Major-General; received, with the thanks of the BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 441 nation, a gold medal from Congress, and was ten- i Scranton, Joseph A.; was born at Madison, dered the appointment of Secretary of War, which he declined; early in 1832 took part in the campaign against Black Hawk; before the close of that year was ordered to Charleston, where, as a peacemaker, he did much to quell the excitement growing out of Nullification; in 1837 was assigned to duty against the Seminoles in Florida, and also against the Creek Indians; his presence on the Canadian frontier in 18,58 and 1839 did much to quiet the troubles of that exciting period; in 1841, on the death of General Macomb, became Commander-in-chief of the Army; took a prominent part in the War with Mexico; his first service there was to invest Vera Cruz, which surrendered to his arms; then defeated Santa Anna at Cerro Gordo ; entered Jalapa; occupied the Castle and town of Perote, and the City of Puebla; defeated the enemy at Contreras and Cherubusco; carried, by assault, the great fortification of Chapultepec, the key to the City of Mexico; entered the City of Mexico as victor, and, the object of the war having been accomplished, peace wasconcluded in February, 1848; although an attempt was made by a rival Gen eral to injure his fame, he returned to Washington, and resumed his position at the head of the Army; was Secretary of War ad interim, in 1850, under President Fillmore; in 1852 became the Whig candi date for the office of President, but was defeated ; in 185!) was honored with the brevet title of Lieu tenant- General, the rank having been established by Con gress for his exclusive benefit, and so framed that it should not survive him; on the breaking out of the Eebellion again rendered important services by securing to the Government the possession of Wash ington City and the safe inauguration of President Lincoln; on the last day of October, 1861, because of his declining health, he asked to be retired from active service; on the 1st of November the President, attended by all his Cabinet, waited upon him at his residence, and read to him the order which placed him on the retired list, "without reduction in his current pay, subsistence, or allowance," and on the same day Major-General George B. McClellan was ap pointed his successor in command of the army; sub sequently made a brief visit to Europe; on his return settled at West Point, New York; published "In fantry Tactics"; "Regulations of the Army," and an Autobiography ; several biographies of him were issued during his life, by E. D. Mansfield and others. Died at West Point, May 29, 1866. Scoville, Jonathan; was born at Salisbury, Connecticut; received a good education; engaged in the business of mining and manufacturing iron at Canaan, Connecticut, in 1854; removed to Buffalo, New York, in 18;>0, and engaged in the manufacture of car wheels; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -sixth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ray V. Pierce; was re-elected to the Forty -seventh Congress. Scranton, George W.; was born in Madison, New Haven County, Connecticut. May 23, 1811; re ceived a common school education; when eighteen years of age removed to New Jersey; subsequently removed to Pennsylvania, and engaged in the iron and railroad business, having extensive interests at Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, Pennsylvania; held the positions, severely, of President of the Dela ware. Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, and of the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway; in 1858 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Died at Scranton, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1861. Connecticut, July 26, 1838; removed to Pennsyl vania in 1847; received an academic education; was Collector of Internal Revenue from 1862 to 1866; in 1867 founded the Scranton Republican newspaper; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1872; was Postmaster at Scranton, Pennsyl vania, from 1874 to 1881 ; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-seventh Congress; in 1884 was elected a Representative to the Forty- ninth Congress. Scruggs, William L.; was born near Knox- ville, Tennessee, September 14, 1834; received a classical education; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1869; was editor of the Columbus (Georgia) Sun from 1861 to 1864; in 1865 became editor of the New Era, at Atlanta, Georgia; in 1867 severed his connection with the New Era, and estab lished a paper in the interest of reconstruction; was again chief editor of the New Era from 1870 to 1872, when he became editor of the Whig; in the latter part of 1872 was appointed United States Assessor of Internal Revenue for the District of Georgia; in 1873 was appointed Minister of the United States to the United States of Colombia, remaining in that position until the mission was abolished, in 1876; in 1879 was appointed United States Consul at Chin Kiang, China, and a few months later was promoted to the Consulate at Canton, China; the Colombian mission having been revived, Mr. Scruggs was, in 1882, transferred to that station. Scudder, Henry J.; was born in Northport, Suffolk County, New York, in 1825; graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1846; studied law in New York City; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and practiced in the State of New York; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on War Claims. Scudder, Isaac "W.; was born in Elizabeth, in 1818; studied law with his father; removed to Jersey City, and commenced practice there; was twice Prosecutor of the Court of Common Pleas for Hudson County; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-third Congress, serving on one or more Committees. Scudder, John A.; was a native of New Jersey; was a physician by profession; served a number of years in the Assembly of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey for the unexpired term of James Cox, who died in 1810. Scudder, Nathaniel; graduated at Princeton College in 1751 ; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Died in 1781. Scudder, Tread-well; was, for six years, a member of the New York Assembly; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York, from 1817 to 1819. Scudder, Zeno ; was born in Barnstable, Mas sachusetts, August 18, 1807; filled with credit vari ous public positions; was President of the Massachu setts Senate; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1851 to 1854, when he was compelled, by failing health, to resign his seat; was a good lawyer, and enjoyed the confidence and re spect of the community in which he lived. Died at Barnstable, Massachusetts, June 26, 1857. 442 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Scurry, Richardson; was born in Tennessee; was elected a Representative in Congress from Texas, from 1851 to 1853. Seabrook, Whitemarsh B.; was born in South Carolina in 1795; graduated at the New Jersey College in 1812; served in the State Senate; was President of the State Agricultural Society; was Gov ernor of South Carolina from 1848 to 1850. Died in St. Luke s Parish, April 16, 1855. Seal, Roderick ; was born in Harrison County, Mississippi; received a good education ; adopted thfi profession of the law; held no public position except that of a Representative in the Legislature; in 1875 was elected a Representative from Mississippi to the Forty-fourth Congress. Seaman, Henry J.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. Searing 1 , John A.; was born in Queens County, New York, May 14, 1814; his father died when he was young, and he was educated at the common schools of New York, by his grandparents; was bred a farmer; held several public positions previously to his election as a member of the State Legislature in 18">3; was chosen a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts. Searle, James; was born in New York City about 1730; was a merchant in the house of his brother, in Madeira; settled in Philadelphia about 1763; signed the non-importation agreement of 1765 ; was one of the managers of the United States Lottery from 1776 to 1778, when he was, for a short time, a member of the Navy Board; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 178U, and was Chairman of the Committees on Qommerce, Foreign Affairs, and of the Marine ; in 1780 was sent to Europe to negotiate a State loan for Pennsylvania, but returned unsuccessful in 1782. Died at Phila delphia, August 7, 1797. Seaton, Charles W.; was a resident of the Dis trict of Columbia; was, for some years, a clerk in the Census Bureau at Washington ; in November, 1881, was appointed Superintendent of the Census Bureau. Seaton, William Winston; was born in King William County, Virginia, January 11. 1785; was chiefly educated by private tutors; early acquired a knowledge of printing; edited a paper in Petersburg, Virginia, and also another in Halifax, North Carolina; became connected with the Register, in Raleigh; in 1812 went to Washington City, and joined his brother- in-law, Joseph Gales, in the management of the Xntion- al Intelligencer, with which he was most honorably identified until his death in Washington, which oc curred June 16, 1866; held a great many local offices In the Federal city; was frequently elected Mayor; was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; in con junction with Mr. Gales, was one of the L ublic Prin ters for very many years, and left a brilliant reputa tion for his merits as a man, and his character as an editor and statesman; a few years after his death a sketch of his life, with correspondence, was published by one of his daughters, Miss Josephine Seaton; for a chapter of personal recollections, the reader is re ferred to "Haphazard Personalities," by the present writer. Seaver, Ebenezer; was born in 1763; graduated at Harvard University in 1784; was a member of the btate Legislature from 1794 to 1802; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1820; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1813. Died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, March 1, 1844. Seay, William A. ; was a resident of Louisiana; in May, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, Minister Resident and Consul-General of the United Stales to Bolivia. Sebastian, William K.; was born in Vernon, Tennessee; was educated at Columbia College, in that State; settled in Arkansas, in 1835, in the prac tice of law; was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney, and held the office until 1837; was Circuit Judge from 1840 to 1842; in the latter year was ap pointed a State Supreme Judge; was a State Senator, and President of the State Senate in 1846; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; was a United States Senator from Arkansas from 1847 to 1853; was re- elected for the term ending in 1859, and, in the latter year, was re-elected for a term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and a member of the Committee on Territories; was ex pelled for disloyalty July 11, 1861. Seddon, James A.; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; was a member of the Confederate Government, as a Rep resentative in Congress in 1861, having previously been a Delegate to the Peace Congress of that year; in 1862 became the Confederate Secretary of War. Sedgwick, C. B.; was born in Pompey, New York, March, 1815; adopted the profession of the law; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of that Committee; in 1863 was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain naval affairs. Sedgwick, Theodore ; was born at West Hart- lord, Connecticut, in May, 1746: was educated at Yale College, but did not graduate; in leaving this institution commenced the study of theology, but soon relinquished it and studied law; was admitted to the bar before reaching the age of twenty-one; commenced practice at Great Barrington, Massachu setts; then settled at Sheffield, and afterwards at Stockbridge, in the same county; was a zealous pat riot in the Revolutionary War; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 and 178(i; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Massachusetts, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 17S9 to 1796; was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1798J and served as President pro tern, during one session; in 1799 was again a member of the House, and was chosen Speaker; from 1H02 until his death was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts; died at Boston, January 24. 1813; received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College and Cambridge Uni versity. As a statesman and jurist he was highly valued by his country. His life was, in an uncom mon degree, varied and active; his industry was un wearied, and an ardent enthusiasm was the basis of his character. Seeley, John E. ; was born in Ovid, New York, August 1, 1810; graduated in Yale College in 1835; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; was elected County Judge and Surrogate in 1851, and served four years; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 and also in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 443 1864; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Freedmen s Affairs. Seely, Elias P. ; was Governor of New Jersey for a part of the year 1833. Seelye, Julius H. ; was born in Danbury, (now Bethel) Connecticut, September 4, 1824; graduated at Amherst College in 1849; studied in Auburn Theological Seminary; was ordained pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady, New York, in 1853, and remained there until appointed Pro fessor at Amherst College in 1858; was the author of "Christian Memories," etc.; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Forty- fourth Congress. Segar, Joseph E. ; was born in King William County, Virginia, June 1, 1804; in 1836 was elected j to the House of Delegates of Virginia, and continued ^to serve for several years; was again elected to the i same position in 1848, and continued to serve almost j uninterruptedly until the State rebelled against the | Union; after Eastern Virginia was restored to the j Federal authority, was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Seibels, J. J. ; was a citizen of Alabama; in 1853 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Belgium; was com missioned Minister Resident in 1854; resigned in 1857. Selden, Dudley ; was a prominent member of the New York bar; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835; died in Paris, France, November 7, 1855. Selden, Joseph ; was an early emigrant to Ar kansas; in 1820 was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Arkansas. Selden, William ; was born in Virginia; in 1839 was appointed Treasurer of the United States, hold ing the office until 1850; from 1858 until 1861 was Marshal of the United States, attendant on the Supreme Court. Sells, Elijah ; was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury in 1864, remaining in office only from July to October, when he was appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury and remained in office until 1865. Selye, Lewis ; was born in Chittenango, Madi son County, New York, July 11, 1808; received a common school education; removed to Rochester, New York, in 1824; became extensively engaged in the manufacturing business, and was long identified with the growth and interests of that city ; was, for many years, a member of the City Corporation; also held the office of Supervisor of Monroe County; was, for seven years, the Treasurer of the county,; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Claims. Semmes, Benedict J.; was born in Charles County, Maryland, November 1, 1789; was bred to the profession of medicine, and graduated at the Medical School in Baltimore about the year 1811; settled in Piscataway, Maryland, where he acquired an extensive practice, but subsequently relinquished his profession; in 1821 was elected to the State Leg islature; was again elected in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during one session was chosen Speaker of the House of Delegates; in 1821 introduced and carried through a bill for removing religious tests, as applica ble to office in Maryland; in 1829 was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Maryland; was re-elected in 1831; his health failing soon after found it neces sary to retire at a time when there was no opposition to him in his district; again served in the State Leg islature in 1842 and 1843. Semple, James ; was born in Kentucky in 1800; emigrated to Illinois in 1827; was elected a Repre sentative in the Illinois Legislature, and served six years, during four of which he officiated as Speaker of the House of Representatives; in 1833 was elected Attorney-General of the State; was appointed Charge <r Affaires to New Granada in 1837; was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State in 1842; was a Senator in Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1847. Died at Elsah Landing, Illinois, in January, 1867. Sener, James B.; was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 18, 1837; attended lectures at the University of Virginia as a State student, and gradu ated; studied law at the Lexington Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1860; was Sergeant of the city of Fredericksburg in 1863; was army correspondent of the Southern Associated Press with General Lee s army during the late war; from 1865 was editor of the Fredericksburg Ledger; was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia in 1872; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-third Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Department of Justice and on that on Freedmen s Affairs ; was a Delegate to the Repub lican National Convention of 1876; was a member of the Republican National Committee for four years; member of the Republican National Executive Com mittee in the campaign of 1876; was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Wyoming in 1879. Seney, George E.; was born at Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, May 29, 1832; the same year was taken, by his parents, to Tiffin, Ohio, where he continued to reside thereafter; was edu cated at the Norwalk Seminary, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853, and commenced practice at Tiffin; was an unsuccessful candidate for Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1857 was elected Judge of the Common Pleas Court, and served five years, declining a re-nomination; in 1858 declined the office of United States District Attorney, ten dered him by President Buchanan ; served as a com missioned officer in the Union Army during the Civil War; was defeated for Congress in 1874; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876; declined the nomination 1 or Congress in 1878; was the author of " Seney s Code of Procedure"; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Seney, Joshua ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1787 and 1788; was a Representa tive in Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1792; was Presidental Elector in 1792. Senter, De-witt C.; was Governor of Tennessee from 1869 to 1871. Senter, William T.; was born in Granger Coun ty, Tennessee, in 1802, was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Died August 28, 1849. Sergeant, John; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1779; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1795; was, for a short time, a clerk in a stor: 444 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. studied law, aud was admitted to the bar in 1799; his first appointment was that of Prosecutor for the Commonwealth, which he held several years; was, for more than half a century, known and honored for his extraordinary ability in his profession, the law, for his habitual courtesy, his liberal fairness, and his integrity; was elected a Representative to Congress, and served from 1815 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to 1842; was especially famous for his part in the great Missouri Compromise in 1820; for the Panama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by President Adams to represent the United States; the measures of international law which were pro posed to be settled in that Congress were deemed so important that Mr. Clay, the Secretary of State, had filled eighty pages of instructions to Mr. Sergeant on the subject; in 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the Whig can didate for Vice-President, being upon the same ticket with Henry Clay; forty-nine electoral votes were <ast for these candidates; at the outset of President Harrison s administration, Mr. Sergeant was ten dered the mission to England, which he declined; in the cause of charity he was never appealed to in vain; for many years before his death, took an active in terest in all the public affairs of his native city. Died in Philadelphia, November 23, 1852. Sergeant, Jonathan Dickinson ; was born at Newark, New Jersey, in 1746; graduated at New Jersey College in 1762; studied law, and commenced practice in his native State; was a member of the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777; took his seat a few days after the Declaration of Independence; in July, 1777, became Attorney-General of Pennsyl vania, which position he resigned in 1780, and de voted himself to his profession ; before the close of the war, removed to Philadelphia, and from his benevo lent exertions as one of the Board of Health, during the prevalence of the yellow fever, fell a victim to that disease, and died, October, 1793. Service, Francis GK; was born in New Jersey; removed to Ohio, from which State he was appointed an Associate Justice for the Territory of Montana, re siding at Virginia City. Session, "Walter L.; was born in Brandon, Ver mont; was reared on a farm; received an academic- education; studied law, and practiced the profession; was Commissioner of Schools for several years; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1853 and 1854; was a member of the State Senate in 1859 and 1865; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -second and Forty-third Congresses, serv ing on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and Mines and Mining; in 1884 was elected a Represent ative to the Forty -ninth Congress. Settle, Thomas; was horn in Eockingham County, North Carolina; was a Representative in the Legislature of that State in 1815, and in 1826 1827, and 1828, at which last session he was Speaker of the House of Commons; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1821; in 1832 was chosen Judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and held the office for twenty years, when he resigned; was highly esteemed for his many virtues. Died in Eockingham County, August 5, 1857, aged sixty-five Settle, Thomas; was born in Eockingham County, North Carolina, January 23, 1831; was the son of Thomas Settle, who served in Congress from 1817 to 1821 ; graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1850; in 1851 was Private Secretary to the Governor of North Carolina; in 1852 entered upon the study of law; in December, 1853, was ad mitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1854 was elected a Representative in the North Carolina Legislature; was re-elected in 1856 aud 1858, serving as Speaker of the House during his last term; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1859 was elected Solicitor for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of North Carolina; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army as Captain, serving one year; in 1862 was again elected Solicitor of the Fourth Circuit, holding the office until 1865; in the latter year was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and ; in the Fall of the same year was elected a State : Senator, under the provisions of the new Constitu tion; towards the close of the Legislative session, was again elected Solicitor of the Fourth Judicial Circuit, which office he held until 1868, when he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, the Chief Justice of that Court being his former law preceptor Judge Richmond M. Pearson; resigned in 1871 to accept the post of Envoy Extra- / ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United, States to Peru, to which he had been appointed by President Grant; ill-health compelled him to resign, in 1872, and he resumed the practice of his profession in North Carolina; in the same year was President of the Republican National Convention; in the Fall of that year was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, to fill a vacancy; in 1876 was nominated as the Republican candidate for Gov ernor of North Carolina, and resigned the Judgeship; made a joint canvass of the State with his opponent, Zebulon B. Vance, and, although receiving an un paralleled number of votes, was defeated; in 1877 was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Florida, and removed to Jacksonville, Florida, to assume the duties of his office. Severance, Luther; was born at Montague, Massachusetts, October 28, 1797; commenced his career as a printer in the office of the National In- teUiffcncer, at Washington, D. C. : was the founder of the Kennebec Journal, and editor from 1825 to 1849; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1843 to 1847; was frequently a member of the Maine Legislature, serving five years in the Assembly and two years in the Senate; was appointed, by President Taylor, Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands. Died at Augusta, Maine, January 25, 1855. Sevier, Ambrose H.; was born in Tennessee in , 1802; had few early advantages of education, but relied on his own energies, aud removed to the Ter- ritory of Arkansas, where, before the age of twenty- one, he was admitted to the bar as an Attorney; was : elected Clerk of the Legislature, and, as soon as he was eligible, was elected a member of that body, first in 1823 and again in 1825; from 1827 to 1836 : was a Delegate to Congress from Arkansas; when the II Territory became a State, in 1836, was elected a Sen- i! ator to Congress; was. for many years, Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and afterwards of the Committee on Foreign Relations; resigned his seat in the Senate in 1848 to accept, from President Polk, the appointment on a special mission to Mexico, to negotiate a peace; he possessed the unbounded confidence of his constituents and party. Died at Little Rock, Arkansas, December 21, 1848. Sevier, John; was born in Tennessee in 1744; was an Officer in the Revolutionary War, and dis tinguished himself in the battle of King s Mountain in 1780; for his services on that occasion the Legisla ture of North Carolina, in 1813, voted him a sword- commanded the forces which defeated the Creek and Cherokee Indians in 1789; was afterwards a General BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 445 In the Provisional Army; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina in 1790 and 1791; from 1796 to 1801 and 1803 to 1809 was Governor of Ten nessee; was a Representative in Congress from Ten nessee from 1811 to 1815; was then appointed, by President Monroe, one of the Commissioners to as- ; certain the boundary line of the Creek Territory. ; ; Died while engaged in that service, at Fort Decatur, a September 24, 1815. Was one of those who voted 1 for locating the Seat of Government on the Poto- f mac. Sewall, Samuel; was born in Boston, Massa- j chnsetts, December 11, 1757; graduated at Harvard . I College in 1776 ; was a lawyer by profession ; settled ; at Marblehead, Massachusetts; in 1796 was elected a . > Representative in Congress, serving until 1800, when he resigned; was distinguished in that body by his knowledge of commercial law ; was a Presidential , : Elector in 1801; in 1800 was placed upon the bench ! \ of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813 was appointed Chief Justice of that Court. Died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814, where the members of the bar erected a monument to his memory. Seward, George P.; was born in New York; \ received a liberal education; in 1863 was sent by his j nncle, William H. Seward, as Consul General to Shanghai, in China, where he acquitted himself with faithfulness; in 1875 was appointed Minister Pleni potentiary to China, as the successor of B. P. Avery, who died at his post of duty. Seward, Frederick A.; was born in New York, and was the son of William H. Seward; re ceived a good education and studied law; was, for several years, an Assistant Secretary of the State De partment; in 1866 was commissioned to negotiate for the cession of Samana Bay; was subsequently elected to the Legislature of New York. Seward, James L.; was born in Georgia; was bred a lawyer; in 1836 was elected to the State Legis lature, serving several years; entered Congress in 1853, as a Representative from Georgia, and contin ued there to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs; resided at Thomasville, and was an active man in public affairs. Seward, William H.; was born in Florida, Orange County, New York, May 16, 1801; graduated at Union College in 1820; studied law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1822; settled at Auburn, New York, in 1823; in 1830 was elected to the State Sen ate for four years; in 1834, as a Whig, was an un successful candidate for Governor of the State; in 1838 was re-nominated and was elected for two years; was re-elected for two years; in 1843 resumed the practice of his profession at Auburn, attending chiefly to business in the Federal courts; in 1849 was chosen a Senator in Congress from New York for six years, and took his seat at the extra session called to consider the nominations of President Taylor; was re- elected in 1855, and held the position until he be came Secretary of State, under President Lincoln, in 1861; in 1860 was spoken of as a candidate for the Presidency, and during that year made a journey to Egypt and the Holy Land ; on the night of the assas sination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, while confined to his bed by serious illness, an attempt was made to take his life also; the assassin, named Payne, inflicted a severe wound with a knife, from the ef fects of which, after much suffering, he finally re covered, and resumed his duties in the Cabinet; in 1849 published the "Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams"; his own life and collected speeches were published in four volumes, between 1813 and 1862, edited by George E. Baker; in 1871 made the tour of the world. Died at Auburn, New York, October 10, 1872. Sewell, David ; was born at York, Maine, Octo ber 7, 1735; graduated at Harvard University in 1755; was a classmate and friend of John Adams; in 1759 established himself at York and practiced law several years; was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1762; became Register of Probate in 1766; took an active part in the Revolution in 1776; Avas a member of the Legislature; was chosen Councilor; in 1777 was appointed a Justice of the Superior Court; from 1789 to 1818 was Judge of the United States District Court of Maine; received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin College in 1812. Died at York, Maine, Oc tober 22, 1825. Sewell, James ; was a Representative from Mary land in the third session of the Twenty -se veil tli Con gress, for theunexpired term of James W. Williams, deceased. Sewell, William J.; was born in Ireland in 1835; came to the United States in 1851 and engaged in business in New York City; served in the Mer chant Marine for a few years; then went to Chicago, Illinois, and engaged in business; entered the Union Army, in 1861, as a Captain, and was mustered out of service, at the close of the war, as a Brevet Major- General; served in the State Senate of New Jersey nine years, three years as President of the Senate; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tions of 1876 and 1880; was elected a Senator of the United States from New Jersey for the term of six years from March 4, 1881. Sexton, Leonidas ; was born in Rushville, In diana, May 19, 1827; received a classical education, graduating at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania: grad uated at the Cincinnati Law School, and was admit ted to the bar in 1850; entered upon the practice of law; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1856; Lieutenant-Governor from 1873 to 1877; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- fifth Congress. Seybert, Adam ; was a citizen of Philadelphia; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1819. Died at Paris, France, May 2, 1825, bequeathing one thousand dollars for educating the deaf and dumb, and five hundred dollars to the Orphan Asylum in Philadelphia. He was a man of science, and waa particularly skillful as a chemist and mineralogist; published Statistical Annals of the United States from 1789 to 1818. Seymour, Augustus Sherrill ; was born at Ithaca, New York, November 30, 1836; graduated at Hamilton College in 1857, and from Judge Dwight s Law School in 1858; engaged in the practice of law in New York City; removed to Newberne, North Car olina; was appointed Criminal Judge of that city in 1868; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1868 to 1870; was a member of the State Con stitutional Convention of 1871; State Senator from 1872 to 1874; Judge of the State Superior Court from 1874 to 1882; resigned to enter upon the duties of United States District Judge, to which position he was, in the latter year, appointed. Seymour, David L.; was born in Connecticut in 1802; removed to New York; in 1836 was a mem ber of the State Legislature; was a Master in Chan- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. eery; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1853; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. Died at Lanesborough, Massachusetts, Octo ber 11, 1867. Seymour, Edward W.; was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, August 30. 1*32; received a classical education, graduating from Yale College in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856, and commenced practice at Litchfield; was a Representa tive in the State Legislature in 1859, 1860, 1870, and 1871; in 1875 removed to Bridgeport. Connecticut; in 1876 was a State Senator; was elected a Repre sentative from Connecticut to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Seymour, Horatio; was born in Litchfield, Con necticut, May 31, 1778; graduated at Yale College in 1797; studied law at the Litchfield School, and set tled in Middlclmry, Vermont; was a Judge of Pro bate; member of the Council; was a Senator in Con gress from Vermont from 1821 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. Died at Middlebury, November 21, 1857. The Governor of New York bearing the same name was his nephew. Seymour, Horatio; was born in Onondaga County, New York, in 1811; studied law. and prac ticed at Utica, New York; soon gave his whole atten tion to the care of his estates; was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1841; was Mayor of Utica in 1842; was Speaker of the lower house of the Legislature in 1845; was Governor of New York from 1S>1 fc) t ? ", and from 1863 to 1865; was an advocate of concession towards the South in 1861, which he maintained in several public addresses; was President of the National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1864; in that year was again a candidate for Gov ernor, but was defeated ; was President of the Demo cratic National Convention in 1868; in the same year was nominated for the Presidency of the United States, but received only eighty electoral votes, and was defeated by General Grant; received the degree of LL.D. from Hamilton College in 1858. Seymour, Origen S.; was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1804; was a lawyer by profession; served in the State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1850; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1851 to 1855; in the latter year was appointed Judge of the Superior Court, holding the office until 1863; in 1870 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors; in 1873 was appointed Chief Justice of the same and continued in that posi tion until disqualified by the Constitutional limita tion of age. Died, at Litchfield, August 12, 1881. Seymour, Thomas H.; was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1808; was educated at the Middle- town Military Academy; studied law, and practiced the profession in Hartford; was, for several years, the editor of a leading paper; was a Judge of Probate; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in 1846 went to Mexico as a Ma jor of the New England Regiment, which he com manded after the fall of Colonel Ransom; was with General Scott at the City of Mexico; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was elected Governor of the State of Connecticut in 1850, and was three times re-elected was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Russia. Died at Hartford, Connecticut, September 3 1868. Seymour, William; was born in Connecticut; served as a member of the New York Assembly in 4832 and 1834; was a Representative in Congress ifcom 1835 to 1637. Seys, John ; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident and Consul General to Liberia, where he remained until 1870, when he re turned to the United States. Shad-wick, William ; was a member of Con gress from North Carolina during the years 1796 and 1797. Shafer, Jacob K.; was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, December 26, 1823; was educated at Washington College, and in a law school at Staun- : ton, Virginia; in 1849 removed to Stockton, Califor- nia; in 1850 was elected District Attorney; in 1852 was elected Mayor of Stockton; in 1853 was Judge of San Joaquin County, and continued in office until 1862, when he removed to Washington Territory; was elected Delegate from the Territory of Washing ton to the Forty-first Congress. Shaler, William ; was United States Consul- ( General at Algiers, and negotiated a treaty with that i power in 1815; in 1826 published "Sketches of Al- , giers," which was very serviceable to the French in their operations against that country; also published a paper on the language of the Berbers in Africa, in the Phil. Trans. ; was A. M. of New Jersey College in 1828; was United States Consul at Havana, and died there March 29, 1833, aged fifty-five years. Shallenberg-er, William S.; was born at Mount : Pleasant, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1839; was educated in the public schools and at Lewisburg University; engaged in mercantile pursuits; served in the Union Army from 1862 to 1864, being mus tered out on account of disability from wounds; was Chairman of the Beaver County Republican Commit tee in 1872 and 1874; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Shanklin, George S.; was a Presidential Elector in 1864; was elected a Representative from Ken tucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the District of Columbia, and the Memphis Riot. De clined to give the author of any information. Shanks, John P. O.; was born in Martinsburg, Virginia, June 17, 1826; was, for the most part, self- educated; removed to Indiana, where he studied law; commenced practice in 1850; was elected to the In diana Legislature in 1853 and 1854; in I860 was elected a Representatives from Indiana to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Agriculture; visited the field of Bull Run in July, 1861, as a spectator, but became a participant; during the subsequent recess of Congress, served in Missouri as a member of Gen eral Fremont s Staff, performing some other military service until he resumed his seat in Congress, in De cember, 1861; was a Delegate to the Pittsburgh "Soldiers Convention" of 18i>6; again elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Union Prisoners, and on those on the Militia and Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses; in March, 1875, was appointed an Indian Agent, with a compensation often dollars per day. Shannon, Peter C.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was appointed, from that State, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Dakota. Shannon, Thomas ; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio in 1826 and 1827. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 447 Shannon, Thomas B.; was born in Westmore land County, Pennsylvania, in 1827; emigrated to Illinois in 1844; in 1849 removed to California; from 1854 to 1861 was engaged in merchandising; served four sessions in the California Legislature; in 1863 was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; was a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of Presi dent Lincoln to Illinois; was subsequently appointed Collector of Customs at San Francisco. Shannon, "Wilson ; was born in Belmont Coun ty, Ohio, February 24, 1802; was educated at Athens College, Ohio, and Transylvania University, Ken tucky; adopted the profession of the law; in 1835 was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio; was elected Governor of Ohio in 1837, and again in 1842; in 1844 was appointed, by President Tyler, United States Minister to Mexico; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1853 to 1855; in 1855 was appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of the Ter ritory of Kansas. Sharkey, "William L.; was Presiding Judge of the High Court of Errors in Mississippi; was Pro visional Governor of Mississippi in 1865 and 1866. Died in Washington. District of Columbia, April 29, 1873, in the eighty -third year of his age. Sharon, "William; was born at Smithfield, Ohio, January 9, 1821; received a good education; prepared himself for the legal profession, but relin quished it to enter the banking business; on remov ing to Nevada became largely interested in mining operations; the only public position of a political character he ever accepted, was that of a Senator in Congress from Nevada, to which he was elected for the term beginning in 1875 and ending in 1881; was largely interested in the financial affairs of the Pacific Slope; was Trustee of the Bank of California, and during the troubles of that institution, arising out of the death of the late President, he did more than any other man to bring its aifairs to a satisfactory settle ment. Died November 13, 1885. Sharp, Solomon P.; was born in Virginia in 1780; removed to Kentucky when a child; received a limited education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar when nineteen years of age; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was Attorney-Gen eral of the State; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1817; fell by the hand of an assassin, while a member of the Legislature, in November, 1835; a legislative reward of three thou sand dollars was offered for the arrest of the mur derer. Sharpe, Peter ; was a resident of New York State; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1813; was a Representative in the New York Legislature from 1814 to 1820, serving, during several sessions, as Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823; in 1827 was a member of the "Tariff Convention." Sharpe, "William; was born in Cecil County, Maryland, December 13, 1742; removed to Macklen- burg, North Carolina, at the age of twenty-one; was a lawyer, and a patriot of the Revolution; was a Delegate to the Provincial Congress in 1775 and 1776; was Aid-de-camp to General Rutherford in the Indian campaign of 1776, and was one of the Commissioners who made a treaty with them in 1777; was a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782. Died in Iredell County, North Carolina, July, 1818. Shaver, Leonidas; was an early emigrant to Utah; in 1853 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Shaw, Aaron; was born in Orange County, New York, in 1811; received an academic education; taught school at Warwick, in his native county, at the age of sixteen; read law for three years; removed to Vincennes, Indiana, in 1831, and continued the study of law; was admitted to the bar in 1833, when he removed to Lawrenceville, Illinois, and com menced practice ; in 1836 was chosen a Delegate to the first Internal Improvement Convention held in the State; was, soon after, elected, by the Legisla ture, State s Attorney for the Fourth Judicial Cir cuit; served one term and declined a re-nomination; served several terms in the State Legislature, and was an earnest advocate of internal improvements; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and served one term; was then elected Circuit Judge, and served six years; continued the practice of his profession at Olney, Illinois, to which place he gave its name, in honor of his friend, Na than Olney; was elected a Representative from Illi nois to the Forty-eighth Congress. Shaw, Frank T.; was born at Woodsborough, Frederick County, Maryland, October 7, 1841; re ceived a common school education; graduated from the medical department of the University of Mary land in 1864; located at Uniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, where he practiced his profession until November, 1873; in that year was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court for Carroll County for the term of six years; was re-elected in 1879; in 1880 was nom inated for Representative in the Forty-seventh Con gress, but declined; was one of the managers of the Maryland House of Correction ; was, for many years, a member of the Democratic State Central Commit tee of Maryland; in 1884 was elected a Representa tive from Maryland to the Forty-ninth Congress. Shaw, Henry ; was born in Windham County, Vermont, in 1788; studied law with Judge Foot, in Albany, New York, and settled in practice in Lanes- borough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, at the age of twenty-two; was nominated for Congress before he was eligible; in 1816 was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Sixteenth Congress; voted for the Missouri Compromise, which prevented his re-election; was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, and a personal friend and acquaintance of ton of the Presidents of the United States; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature for eighteen years; was also a member of the Governor s Council; was the pioneer in the manufacturing prosperity of west ern Massachusetts ; in 1833 was a Presidential Elec tor; in 1848 removed to New York, and resided at Fort Washington, on the Hudson; was a member of the Board of Education in New York City, and two years in the Common Council; in 1853 was elected a member of the New York Assembly; removed to Newburg, New York, in 1854, where he resided until within a few months of his death, which occurred at Peekskill, October 17, 1857. Shaw, Henry M.; was born at Newport, Rhode Island, November 20, 1819; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania; re moved to North Carolina; was a State Senator in 1852; was a Representative from North Carolina to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pensions; during the War of the Rebellion served as a Colonel in the Confederate Army, and was killed near Newberne, North Caro lina, in February, 1864. 448 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Shaw, Samuel; was born in Dighton, Massa chusette, in December, 1768; removed to Putney, Vermont, at the age of ten years; received a limitec education; commenced the study of medicine at the age of seventeen; in two years entered upon the practice of his profession at Castleton, Vermont, anc" became eminent as a surgeon ; early entered into pol- il^ics, and was one of the victims of the Sedition law for his denunciation of the administration of John Adams was imprisoned; was liberated by the people without the forms of law; in 1799 was returned as a member of the Vermont Legislature; was, for some time, a member of the State Council ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Venront from 1808 to 1813, having succeeded J. "\Vetherell, resigned; was a personal friend of Presidents Jefferson and Madison, and gave his earnest support to the measures for the prosecution of the war with Great Britain: on his re tirement from Congress was appointed Surgeon in the army, and removed to the city of New York; was subsequently stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816; as an in stance of his physical endurance, it may be men tioned that, on one occasion, he rode on horseback from St. Louis, Missouri, to Albany, New York, in twenty-nine consecutive days. Died at Clarendon, Vermont, October 22, 1827. Shaw, Tristam ; was born in New Hampshire in 1787; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1843. Died at Exeter, New Hampshire, March 14, 1843. Sheafe, James; was born in 1755; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1799 to 1801; was a Senator in Congress in 1801 and 1802, resigning June, 1802. Died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1829. Sheakley, James ; was born near the village of Sheakleyville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1830; was reared on a farm, and educated at a common school; in 1850 went to California, where he spent three years; returned to Pennsylvania in 1854 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; was, for many years, extensively engaged in the petroleum trade; was, for fifteen years, a member of the School Board in Green ville, Mercer County; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. Sheats, Charles Christopher ; was born in Walker County, Alabama, April 10, 1839; received a good education; was elected to the Secession Conven tion in 1860, and was one of the seventeen who refused to sign the ordinance of separation; was elected to the State Legislature in 1861; in 1862 was expelled for his adherence to Unionism; was indicted for treason to the Confederate Government and im prisoned in 1862; could not obtain a trial, and was kept in close confinement until the close of the war- was elected a member of the Alabama Constitutional Convention in 1865; was admitted to the bar in 1867- was a Presidental Elector in 1868; was appointed Consul at Elsinore, Denmark, in 1869; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty- third Con gress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Min ing, and Department of Justice; in March 1875 was appointed Sixth Auditor of the United States Treas ury, but, in a few months, was requested to resign. Sheffer, Daniel; was born in Pennsylvania- was a Representative to Congress from that State from 183 1 to 183!). Sheffey, Daniel ; was born at Frederick, Mary land, in 1770; received a limited education; was bred to the trade of a shoemaker; settled in Augusta, Virginia; afterwards studied law, engaged in a lucra tive practice, and frequently represented his County in the House of Delegates; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1817, and took a high rank ; his speech in favor of the renewal of the first Bank of the United States was a masterly pro duction; was opposed to the war of 1812. Died at his home, December 3, 1830. Sheffield., "William P.; was born at New Shore- ham (Block Island) Newport County, Rhode Island, August 30, 1820; his education was obtained first at Kingston Academy, and then from a private tutor; studied law at Hartford University, and was admit ted to the bar in 1844; in 1841 and in 1842 was elected to Conventions called to frame a State Consti tution; in 1845 was elected, from his native town, a member of the State Assembly; removing his resi dence to Tiverton, was again elected to the Assembly in 1849, where he continued to serve until 1853, when he resigned his seat, and settled in Newport; that city he represented in the Assembly from 1857 to 1861, when he was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh Congress,, serv ing as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and on Foreign Affairs; in 1869 was appointed one of the Commissioners to revise the laws of Rhode Island. Shelabarger, Samuel; was born in Clarke County. Ohio, December 10, 1817; graduated at the Miami University, Ohio, in 1841; adopted the profes sion of the law; was a member of the Ohio Legisla ture in 1852 and 1853; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Interior Depart ment; in 1864 was elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Expenditures in the State Department, and the Special Committees on the Civil Service and the New Orleans Riots, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Provost Marshal Bureau ; was a Delegate to the "Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Assassination of President Lincoln- was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. Shelby, Isaac; was born near Hagerstown Maryland, December 11, 1750; received an ordinary English education, and became a surveyor in West ern Virginia; in 1774 was Lieutenant in his father s company at the battle of Point Pleasant, Virginia- was a Captain in 1776; was made Commissary in 1777; was a member of the Legislature in 1779- was commissioned a Major by Governor Jefferson; in 1780 was made Colonel, and defeated Major Ferguson at he battle of King s Mountain; was at the action of Vlusgrove s Mills; served under Marion in 1781; then omed Greene; was a member of the Legislature of Slorth Carolina in 1781 and 1782; received a vote of thanks and a sword from that body; in 1788 settled Traveler s Rest," Kentucky; was Governor of Kentucky from 1792 to 1796, after its separation from Virginia; in 1813 joined General Harrison, and was at the battle of the Thames, for which service he was granted a gold medal by Congress; was appointed, >y President Monroe, Secretary of War, but declined account of his age; in 1818 was a Commissioner, vith General Jackson, to treat with the Cherokee i? 11S . ; ,, a count y in Kentucky and a college in Mielbyville were named for him. Died in Lincoln County, Kentucky, July 18, 1826 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 449 Sheldon, A. W.; was born at Granville, Ohio, July 18, 1842; was educated at Denison University und at Columbia College Law School; enlisted in the Union Army in April, 1861, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and being mustered out of service in March, 1866, engaged in journalism for two years, and then en gaged in the practice of law in New York City; was Attorney of the New York Prison Association from 1871 to 1878; was Judge Advocate of the First Divi sion of the National Guard of the State of New York, with the rank of Colonel, from 1875 to 1881; was Judge Advocate of the Department of New York, Grand Army of the Eepublic, in 1877 and 1878; in 1881 removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and became editor of the Baltimore Herald; in April, 1883, was appointed, by the President, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona Territory. Sheldon, Lionel A.; was born at Worcester, Otsego County, New York, August 30, 1829; went, with his parents, to Ohio in 1833; worked on a farm and acquired a common school education; taught school for several years; studied law, and came to the bar in 1851, after which he attended the Law School at Poughkeepsie, New York; served one term us Judge of Probate in Lorain County, Ohio; was a Delegate to the "Philadelphia Convention " of 1856; in 1861 entered the volunteer army as a Captain; was soon promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in that capacity served in eastern Kentucky, the Cumberland Gap expedition, and the Vicksburg ex pedition, participating in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs and Port Gibson, in the latter of which he \vas wounded; also saw much service in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, and at the close of the war was brevetted a Brigadier-General; subsequently settled in New Orleans, Louisiana, and devoted him self to bis profession; in 1868 was elected a Repre sentative from Louisiana to the Forty-first Congress; was re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses, serving on many Committees, and as Chairman of that on Militia; in May, 1881, was appointed, by President Garfield, Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Sheldon, Porter ; was born at Victor, Ontario County, New York, September 29, 1831; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; practiced his profession at Randolph, New York, until 1857, when he re moved to Rockford, Illinois, where he continued the practice of his profession until 1865, when he re turned to Chautauqua, in his native State; in 1862 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Illinois; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Retrench ment. Shelley, Charles M.; was born in Sullivan County, Tennessee, December 28, 1833; removed, with his father, to Alabama in 1836; received a lim ited education; became an architect and builder; en tered the Confederate Army in 1861, and rose to the rank of Brigadier-General; after the close of the war resumed his occupation at Selma, Alabama; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses; in May, 1885, was appointed, by Presi dent Cleveland, Fourth Auditor in the United States Treasury at Washington. Shepard, Charles B.; was born in Newberne, North Carolina, December 5, 1807; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1827; was elected to Congress in 1837, where he continued to serve until 1841. Died in October, 1843. 29 Shepard, "William; was born at Weatfield, Massachusetts, December 1, 1737; at the age of sev enteen enlisted in the military service; when twenty- one years old was a Lieutenant in the command of General Abererombie, and a year later was promoted to a Captaincy under General Amherst; served six years in the French War, taking part in the battles of Fort William Henry, Ticonderoga, Isle aux Noix, St. Johns, and Montreal; at the close of the war re turned to Westfield and to civilian pursuits; at the commencement of the War of the Revolution, in 1775, he entered the Colonial Army as a Lieutenant- Colonel; in 1777 was commissioned a Colonel, and in 1780 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General under General Lafayette ; served under General Washington for a long time; participated in twenty- two engagements, and remained in the service until the close of the war, in 1783; after the war, was a Brigadier-General of Militia; in 1785 and 1786 was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature; in the latter year was appointed a Major-General, and in the same year was summoned from his farm to assume command of the National forces at Spring field, Massachusetts, on the outbreak of the Shay Rebellion; his gallant, and successful, defence of the Springfield Arsenal was largely instrumental in sup pressing the insurrection and, on February 5, 1^ 87, the General Court of Massachusetts passed a resolu tion complimenting General Shepard and his com mand for their gallantry ; he was appointed, by the Governor of Massachusetts, to treat with the Penob- scot Indians, and by the National authorities to treat with the Six Nations; was a Presidential Elector in 1788 and 1792; was a member of the State Executive Council from 1792 to 1796; was a Representative from Massachusetts to the National Congress from May 15, 1793, to March 3, 1803. Died at Westfield, Massa chusetts, November 11, 1817. Shepard, William B.; was born at Newberne, North Carolina, in 1799; was educated at Chapel Hill; studied law, and became eminent in his profes sion ; was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1837, when he declined a re-election; in 1838 was elected to the State Senate, where he served five terms. Died at Elizabeth City, June 20, 1852. Shepherd, Alexander B.; was born in Wash ington City, January 31, 1835; at the age of ten was apprenticed to a carpenter, and when seventeen, to the trade of a plumber; became a partner in the house of J. W. Thompson & Co., and finally succeeded to the business in his own name; when the Rebellion commenced was one of the first to volunteer his ser vices ; in 1861 entered the Common Council of W T ash- ington, and became President of the Council; in 1867 was appointed a member of the Levy Court; in 1869 was one of a hundred appointed to draft a bill for the union of the District of Columbia; in 1870 became President of the Citizen s Reform Association, and was also elected an Alderman; in 1871 was appointed a member of the Board of Public Works, and was Vice-President; while he was in that office, Washing ton was transformed in its appearance, from an old into a new city, and to his energy, executive ability, and unflinching courage, the people of the United States are indebted for a Capitol which is the pride of the Nation; in 1873 was appointed the second Gov ernor of the District of Columbia; remained in office until the form of Government was again changed; it is claimed for him that he erected more than one thousand houses in Washington, at a cost of five mil lions of dollars: lost all his property in real estate speculations in Washington; became interested in silver mines in Mexico, and personally superintended the working of the mines. 450 BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. Shepherd, "William ; was born in Massachu setts, December 1, 1737; served six years as a Cap tain in the Revolutionary Army, and distinguished himself at William Henry and Crown Point; in 1783 was chosen a Brigadier-General, having fought in twenty-two battles; was subsequently a Major-Gen eral of Militia; was a Representative in Congress rfrom 1797 to 1803. Died at Westfield, Massachu setts, November 11, 1817. Shepley, Ether ; was born in Groton, Massachu setts, November 2, 1789; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811; studied law, and commenced the practice in Saco; subsequently settled in Portland, Maine; was in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1819; was a member of the Convention that framed the first Constitution of Maine in 1820; was, for thirteen years, Attorney of the United States for Maine; was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1836; after leaving the Senate of the United States was chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, and subsequently Chief Justice of the same, which latter position he held until 1855; while on the bench he furnished the materials for twenty-six volumes of Reports, and, as sole Commissioner, was appointed to revise the Statutes of Maine; was Trus tee of Bowdoin College, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. Shepley, Gecr > Foster; was born in Saco, Maine, January 1, , If); graduated at Dartmouth College in 1837; studied law at Harvard Law School. and at Portland, Maine; began to practice law at Bangor, Maine, in 1840; removed to Portland; was appointed, by President Polk, United States District Attorney, which position he held until 18i>l; when the Civil War broke out became Colonel of the Twelfth Maine Volunteers; acted as Commander of a brigade in General Butler s expedition ; was made Commandant of the City of New Orleans on its sur render; was made Brigadier-General; was Military Governor of Louisiana from June, 1862, to 1864; was Military Governor of Richmond, Virginia, on its sur render in 1865; resigned July 1, 1865, and resumed the practice of law in Portland; in 1871 was United States Circuit Judge of the First Circuit. Died at his home July 21, 1878. Sheplor, Matthias ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1839. Shepperd, Augustus H.; was born in Snrry County, North Carolina; was educated as a lawyer; seryd in the House of Commons of North Carolina from 1822 to 1826; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1839, from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. Sherburne, John S.; was born in New Hamp shire in 1757; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1776; attended the Law School at Harvard; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1793 to 1797; was United States District Attor ney in 1803, and Judge of the United States District Court from 1803 to 1830. Died in 1830. Sherburne, Moses; was an early emigrant to Minnesota; in 1853 was appointed an Associate Jus- tire of the United States Court for Minnesota. Sheredine, Upton; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1791 to 1793. Sherman, Buren R.; was born at Phelps, On tario County, New York, May 28, 1836; received a common school education; removed to Elmira, New York, and was apprenticed to the trMe of a watch maker; in 1855 removed to Iowa and settled in Tama County; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and engaged in practice at Vinton, Iowa; in 1861 entered the Union Army as a private and rose to the rank of Captain; was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh, and left on the field to die; recov ered and returned to duty, but was compelled to re sign, in 1863, on account of his wounds; was, at dif ferent times, elected County Judge and Clerk of the Courts; in 1874 was elected State Auditor, and was twice re-elected, serving until 1881; in the latter year was elected Governor of Iowa for a term of two years, and was re-elected in 1883. Sherman, Charles Taylor ; was born at Nor- walk. Connecticut, February 3, 1811; was the eldest brother of William Tecumseh Sherman and John Sherman; in his infancy, was removed, by his par ents, to Lancaster, Ohio; received such early educa tion as the limited facilities of a frontier village afforded ; prepared for college at the Lancaster Acad emy; in 1827 entered the Sophomore Class of the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio; graduated in 1830; immediately entered upon the study of law at Day ton, Ohio, where he passed one year; then removed to Mansfield, Ohio, and continued his studies; in 1833 was admitted to the bar and engaged in the practice of law at Mansfield; was very successful and soon secured a lucrative business; contributed large ly, in money, labor, and personal influence, to the successful construction of the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark, and Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroads; was a Director in both organizations, and was, for a long time, General Solicitor of the latter company; at the breaking out of the Civil War, be came Commandant of a large military camp at Mans field, where he organized, and sent to the field, sev eral regiments of troops: was appointed, by President Lincoln, member of a commission to adjudicate war claims at St. Louis, Missouri; in 1866 became one of the first Government Directors of the Union Pacific Railroad Company; in March. 1867, was appointed, by President Johnson, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio; resigned in Decem ber. 1872, because of ill-health. Died at Cleveland, Ohio, January 1, 1879. Sherman, John ; was born in Lancaster, Ohio, May 10, 1823; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law, and came to the bar in 1844; in 1848 and 1852 was a Delegate to the Whig Conventions of those years; in 1854 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; on being returned to the Thirty-sixth Congress, was the Republican candidate for Speaker, and after an un precedented contest, lacked but one or two votes of election; during that Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means; in 18(i() was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; in 1861, on the resig nation of Senator Chase, was chosen a Senator in Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture, and on Finance, and as a member of those on the Pacific Railroad and the Judiciary; in January, 1866 was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873, serving again at the head of the Finance Committee, and on those on the Patent Office and the Pacific Railroad: was re-elected for the terra ending in 1879; was Secretary of the Treasury, in the Cabinet of President Hayes, from 1877 to 1881, resigning his seat in the Senate to accept that po sition; was again elected United States Senator in 1880, for the term ending in 1887; December 7, 1885, was elected President;) fern, of the Senate, thus be coming the virtual Vice-President of the United States. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 451 Sherman, J. "W.; was boru in New York; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittee on Unfinished Business. Sherman, Roger ; was born at Newton, Massa chusetts. April 19, 1721; had no advantages of edu- cn1 ion, yet was eager in the pursuit of knowledge, and when apprenticed to a shoemaker, often had a book open before him while at his work; in 1743 removed to New Milford, Connecticut, carrying his tools upon his back; soon relinquished his trade, however, and was. for a time, engaged in mercantile pursuits; af terwards studied law; settled in New Haven, Con necticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1754; was Judge of the County, Superior and Supreme Courts for a period of twenty -three years; was a member of the First Congress, in 1774, and continued in Con gress for many years; signed the Declaration of Inde pendence in 177(5, and also the Articles of Confedera tion and the Constitution; after the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, in regard to which lie took a prominent part, was elected a Representative in Congress from Connecticut; was chosen a Senator of the United States in 1791. continuing in that station until his death, July 23, 179:>. He was a pro found and sagacious statesman, an able and upright Judge, and an exemplary .Christian; was made Master of Arts by Yale College, and was Treasurer of that institution from 1766 to 1776. Sherman, Robert Minot ; was born at Wobum, Massachusetts, May 22, 1773; graduated at Yale Col lege in 17i)2; was a tutor in that institution in 1795; was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Fairfic-M, where he resided during the remainder of his lilt-, and gained a lucrative practice; was a member of the General Assembly in 1798; was a member of the State Senate from 1814 to 1818: was a Delegate to the Hartford Convention in 1814; re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1829; was a Judge of the Superior Court and the Supreme Court of Errors from 1840 to 1842. Died at Fairneld, December 30, 1844. Sherman, Socrates N.; was born in Vermont; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. Sherman, "William Tecumseh ; was born at Mansfield, Ohio, February 8, 1820: graduated at United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1840; entered the Artillery and served in Florida; became First Lieutenant in 1841: Captain in 1850; resigned in 185:5; subsequently removed to Cal ifornia and was a broker in San Francisco; afterwards practiced law in Kansas; in 18(>0 became Superin tendent of a Military Academy founded by the State of Louisiana; in 1861 was appointed a Colonel of In fantry in the United States army and commanded a Brigade at Bull Run; was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and had command of the Kentucky De partment; having expressed the opinion that it would take two hundred thousand men to clear that region of rebels, he was considered insane and relieved of his command; in 1862 joined the army of Tennes see, and rendered very important aid at Shiloh, where he was wounded and had three horses shot under him; was made a Major-General and took a leading part at Corinth, at Memphis, and in the Vicksburg Campaign, at Chattanooga, Knoxville, and indeed in all the important operations of that entire region; in 1864 made one of the most famous military marches of modern times, going from At lanta to the Savannah, with sixty thousand men, which great enterprise soon brought the war to a conclusion; was made Brigadier-General in the United States army in 1863, Major-General in 1864, Lieutenant-Gen eral in 1866, and General-in-Chief of the army in 18(59; September 9, 1869, was appointed Secretary of War, but retained the office but a short time; in 1875 published a "Memoir of his Life and Campaign," in two volumes, which attracted very great attention from the public press; in November, 1883, was placed upon the retired list of the army. Sherrill, Eliakim ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures; served as an officer in the Rebellion, and was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg. Sherrod, William O.; was born in Courtland, Alabama, August 17. 1835; was educated at Chapel Hill College, North Carolina; was a cotton planter; served in the State Legislature of Alabama in 1859 and 1860; was a member of the "National Demo cratic Convention" at Charleston in 1800; was an officer in the Confederate Army during the Civil war; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several commit tees. Sherwin, John C.; was born in Saint Lawrence County, New York, February 8, 1838; received an academic education ; studied law ; removed to Illinois, and was twice elected County Clerk of Kane County; was City Attorney of Aurora, Illinois; served three veal s in the Union army during the War of the Re bellion; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Sherwood, Henry ; was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, October 9. 1817; devoted himself to the practice of law during twenty -four years; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Revision of Laws. Sherwood, Isaac R. ; was born in Dutch ess County, New York, August 13, 1835; was educated at Ant ioch College. Ohio, and at the Cleveland Law Institute; in 1857 located at Bryan, Ohio, where he established the Williams County Gazette; in 1859 was elected Probate Judge of Williams County, which position he resigned to enter the army in 1861; after serving in the ranks for four months, in West Vir ginia, was appointed Adjutant in 1862; was commis sioned Major in 1863; participated in the East Ten nessee campaign; was promoted to Lieutenant-Colo nel in 1<(54. and commanded his regiment to the close of the war, receiving a brevet of Brigadier-Gen eral for gallant and meritorious services ; edited the Toledo Commercial, and was an editorial writer on the Cleveland Leader: was elected Secretary of State for Ohio in 1868, and re-elected in 1870; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on Railways and Canals. Sherwood, Samuel ; was a Representative iii Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815; was :v successful lawyer in Delhi from 1800 to 1833. Died in New York in November, 1862. Sherwood, Samuel B.; was born in Connect! cut; graduated at Yale College in 1786; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 tr, 1819; died in 1833. Shiel, George K.; was born in Ireland; was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 452 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Shields, Benjamin GK; was a citizen of Ala bama; in 1845 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Venezuela, where he remained until 1850. Shields, Ebenezer J.; was born in Georgia; was elected a Kepresentative in Congress from Ten- essee, from 1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846. Shields, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio, from 1829 to 1831. Died in Butler County, Ohio, in 1831. Shields, James ; was born in County Tyrone. Ireland, in 1810; emigrated to America about 1826; pursued mathematical and classical studies until the year 1832, when he went to Illinois, and commenced the practice of law at Kaskaskia; in 1836 was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature; was elected Auditor of the State in 1839; in 1843 was appointed Jndgeof the Supreme Court of Illinois; in 1845 was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in the Department of the Interior at Washington; at the commencement of the Mexican War was ap pointed, by President Polk, a Brigadier-General in the United States Army; for his distinguished ser- Tices during the course of the war, was promoted to line rank of Brevet Major-General; in 1848 was ap- ^inted Governor of Oregon Territory, which office he resigned; in 1849 was elected to a seat in the United States Senate from the State of Illinois for the term of six years; subsequently took up his resi dence in the Territory of Minnesota; in 1857 when it became a State, was elected to represent the same in the Senate of the United States, in which posi tion he served two years; during the rebellion of 1861 served as a General in the Union Army; re signed his commission in 1863; removed to Wiscon sin; in 1868 was President of ithe State Democratic Convention; subsequently settled in Missouri; was elected a United States Senatoi from Missouri for the unexpired term of Lewis V. Bogy, deceased, serving from January to March, 1879. Died June 2 1879. Shields, John O.; was a lawyer by profession, and attained a high reputation as an advocate; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleve land, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Arizona for the term of four years; re ided at Prescott, Arizona. Shields, William Bayard ; was an early emi grant to Mississippi; in 1818 was appointed District Judge of the United States Court for the State of Mississippi. Shinn, William N.; was born in New Jersey; "was a farmer by occupation; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Shipherd, Zebulon B.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. Died in Moriah, Essex County, New York. Shipman, Nathaniel ; was born at Southbury Connecticut, August 22, 1828; removed, with his parents, to Norwich, Connecticut, in 1836; attended school there until 1842; then removed, with his father s family, to Jewett City, Connecticut; pre pared for college at Plainfield, Connecticut; entered Yale College in 1844, and was graduated therefrom in 1848; studied law at Fairfield, Connecticut, and at Yale College Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1850; in 1851 engaged in the practice of the law at Hartford, Connecticut; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857; was Executive Secre tary of Governor William A. Buckingham from 1858 to 1862; in April, 1873, was appointed, by President Grant, United States District Judge for the District of Connecticut; in 1384 iteceived from Yale College the honorary degree of LL.D. Shippen, William; was born in Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1754; studied medicine in Edinburgh. .Scotland, and on his return, in 1764, began in Philadelphia the first course of lectures in anatomy ever delivered in America; as sisted in establishing the Medical School of Philadel phia, and was appointed one of its Professors; in 1777 was appointed Director-General of the Medical Department in the Army; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Died in 1808. Shiras, Oliver P.; was born at Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania, October 22, 1833; graduated from the University of Ohio in 1853; then entered the Scien tific Department of Yale College, and, later, the Law Department of that institution, graduating from the latter in 1856; removed to Dubuque, Iowa, and was there admitted to the bar in 1856; was Aid-de-camp, and Judge Advocate on the Staff of General Herron in the Army of the Frontier during 1862 and 1863; resumed the practice of law at Dubuque; in 1882 was appointed United States District Judge for the Northern District of Iowa. Shober, Francis E.; was born at Salem, North Carolina, March 12, 1831 ; was educated at Nazareth Hall, a Moravian establishment in Pennsylvania, and also at the University of North Carolina, where he graduated in 1851; studied law, and came to the bar in 1853, locating at Salisbury; when the Rebellion commenced, opposed the secession movement, and exerted himself in behalf of the Union; in 1862 was elected to the State Assembly as a Conservative, and continued in that position until the close of the war; subsequently served one session in the State Senate; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Mines and Min ing ; was Acting Secretary of the United States Sen ate from October, 1881, to December, 1883. Shoemaker, Lazarus D.; was born in Kings ton, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1819; graduated at Yale College in 1840; studied and practiced law in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania; was a member of the State Senate in 18HH, 1867, and 1868; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on that of Claims. Short, William ; was born at Spring Garden, Virginia, September 30, 1759; graduated at William and Mary College; was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia at an early age; was Secretary of Legation to Jefferson when Minister to France in 1784; in 1789 was appointed Charge d? Affaires to France, by President Washington ; held the first com mission signed by him, and was the first citizen ap pointed to office under the Federal Constitution; was Minister Resident to the Netherlands in 1792; was Commissioner to negotiate with Spain in 1794; was . appointed Minister Resident to that country the same year; his important negotiations were connected with the boundaries of Florida and Mississippi, and resulted in the treaty of 1795. Died at Philadelphia, December 5, 1849. Shorter, Eli S.; was born in Monticello, Georgia, March 15, 1823; graduated at Yale College in 1843; was a lawyer by profession; engaged in planting. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 453 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a i member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Shorter, John Gill ; was a native of Georgia, and the son of Eli S. Shorter; removed to Alabama when young; was, for several years, a State Senator; from 1855 to 1861 was Circuit Judge for his District; was a member of the Confederate Congress ; was Gov ernor of Alabama from 1861 to 1863, maintaining his authority over the State in spite of the prevail ing hostilities. Died in Eufaula, Alabama, June 5, 1872. Shower, Jacob ; was a Representative in Con- igress from Maryland from 1853 to 1855. Shulze, John Andrew; was born in Tulpe- hocken, Berks County, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1775; represented Lebanon County for several years in the State Legislature; was Governor of Pennsylvania .from 1823 to 1829. Died in Lancaster, November 18, 1852. Shunk, Francis R.; was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1788; became a teacher at the age of fifteen ; in 1812 was appointed Clerk in the Surveyor-General s Department, and at the same time studied law; assisted as a soldier in the defense of Baltimore in 1814; was first assistant, then principal clerk, for several years in the House of Representatives of the State; was Secretary to the Board of Canal Commissioners; in 1838 was Secretary of the State; afterward established himself for the practice of law in Pittsburgh ; was Governor of Penn sylvania from 1845 to 1848. Died in Harrisburg, July 30, 1848. Sibley, Henry H.; was born at Detroit, Michi gan, in February, 1811; spent much of his early life on the North-western frontier; was, for many years, an Indian trader in the employ of the American Fur Company, at Mackinaw and Fort Suelling; was a Delegate to Congress from Minnesota Territory from 1849 to 1853; witnessed the progress of Minnesota from a wilderness to an organized State; in 1857 was lected its first Governor, serving a part of 1858; was a Brigadier-General of Volunteers during the Re bellion; commanded an expedition against the Min nesota Indians in 1863; was subsequently brevetted a Major-General of Volunteers; was a Delegate to the Cleveland "Soldiers Convention" of 1866; in 1867 was appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy; was the son of Solomon Sibley. Sibley, Jonas ; was born at Sutton, Massachu setts, March 17, 1762; for thirty -five years held a va riety of town offices; from 1806 to 1823 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature; was an Elector for President in 1820; served again in both Houses of the Legislature; was a member of the "State Con stitutional Convention" of 18:20; was a member of Congress from Worcester County, Massachusetts, from 1823 to 1825. Died at Sutton, in that State, February 10, 1834, aged seventy-two years. Sibley, Mark H.; was born at Great Barring- ton, Massachusetts, in 1796; removed to Canandai- gua, New York, in 1814; studied law, and was dis tinguished as an advocate; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1834 and 1835; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1837 to 1839; was subsequently a State Senator, and, in 1846, a County Judge. Died in Canandaigua, New York, September 8, 1852. Sibley, Solomon; was born in Sutton, Massa chusetts, October 7, 1769; studied law; removed to Ohio in 1795, establishing himself first at Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of his profes sion; removed to Detroit in 1797; in 1799 was elected to the first Territorial Legislature of the North-west ern Territory ; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan from 1820 to 1823; in 1824 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan, and held the office until 1836, when he resigned in consequence of increasing deafness. Died at Detroit, April 4, 1846. He was universally respected for his talents and manifold virtues. Sickles, Daniel B.; was born in New York, in October, 1821 ; learned the printer s trade, which he followed for some years; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1843; in 1847 was elected to the Assembly of New York, and, in 1856, to the Slate Senate; for a short time, when Mr. Buchanan was the American Minister in England, was the Secretary of that Legation; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress; before the expiration of his first term, in February, 18.~>9, killed Philip Barton Key, for dishonoring his bed ; his trial lasted twenty days, and he was acquitted; served in the Union Army during the Rebellion; lost a leg in battle, and attained the rank of Major-Gen eral of Volunteers; in 1866 was appointed, by Presi dent Johnson, Minister Resident to the Netherlands, but declined ; was subsequently appointed a Colonel in the regular army; in 1867 was brevetted a Major- General for gallant and meritorious services at Get tysburg; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; in 1869 was appointed, by President Grant, Minister to Spain. Sickles, Nicholas; was born in Kinderhook, New York; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. Died at Kingston, New York, May 13, 1845. Sill, Thomas H. ; was a native of Connecticut; was a lawyer by profession; settled in the practice at Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1812; was a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution; in 1825 was a Presidential Elector; in 1826 was a Represent ative in Congress from Pennsylvania foranunexpired term; was again a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831 ; in 1849 was again a Presidential Elec tor. Silsbee, Nathaniel ; was born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1773; was a distinguished and suc cessful merchant; was frequently elected to the State Legislature; was, for three years, President of the State Senate ; served as a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 1820; was a Senator of the UnitedStatea from 1826 to 1835; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; was a firm supporter of the administration of John Quincy Adams, and when his term expired, Mr. Sils bee offered to vacate his seat in the Senate in his favor, but the ex-President declined the offer. Silvester, Peter ; was born in New York; was a member of the Albany Committee of Safety in 1774, and of the New York Provincial Congress; was a Judge of the Common Pleas in 1776; was elected a member of the First Congress under the Federal Con stitution; was subsequently a State Senator. Died at Kinderhook, January 30, 1845. Silvester, Peter H.; was born at Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York, February 17, 1807; graduated at Union College in 1827; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851. 454 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Simkins, Eldred ; was born in Edgefield Dis trict, South Carolina, August 29, 1779; was educated for the bar at Litehtield, Connecticut; was partner of Mr. McDuffie; .served frequently in the Legislature; was Lieutenant-Governor of South Carolina in 1812; was a General of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1821. pied at Edgefield in 1832. Simmons, George A.; was born in New Hamp- . shire in 1771; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816; served a number of years in the Assembly of New Hampshire; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-third and Thirty- fourth Congresses; in 1852 received, from his Almti Mater, the degree of LL. D. Died at Keesville, New York, October 27, 1857. Simmons, James F.; was born at Little Comp- ton, Rhode Island, September 10, 1795; engaged in farming and manufacturing; was a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island from 1828 to 1841 was elected to the United States Senate in 1841, for six years, to March 3, 1847; was again chosen Sena tor for the term beginning March 4, 1857; resigned in August, 1862; served as a member of the Commit- tees on Claims, on Patents, and the Patent Office, and on Finance; during the Thirty-seventh Congres: was Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Died at Johnson, Rhode Island, July 10, 1864. Simms, William E.; was born in Kentucky: was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Simons, Samuel ; was a Representative in Con gress from Connecticut from 184L t 1845. Died at Bridgeport, Connecticut, January 13, 1847, aged fifty- five years. Simons, Thomas; was born at Maulmain, British Burmah, December 17, 1834, his parents being American missionaries there; was brought to the United States in childhood; received a liberal education, graduating from Brown University, with the degree of A.M., in 1855; studied law at the Al bany Law School, and was admitted to the bar at Albany, New York, in 1858; engaged in practice there; in 1865 removed to New York City, and be came Assistant United States Attorney, serving until 1875, when he was appointed an Assistant Attorney- General of the United States, residing at Washing ton. Simonton, Charles Bryson; was born in Tipton County, Tennessee. Septembers, 1838; grad uated at Erskine College, South Carolina, in 185!)- entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and was compelled to retire from service, in 18ii2, by reason of disability from wounds; taught school; was elected County Clerk in 1870, and again in 1879; was ad mitted to the practice of law in 1873; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1877 and 1878; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty -sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses. Simonton, William ; was a member of Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843 Died at South Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846. Simpson, Josiah; was born in Pennsylvania- received a good education, and adopted the profession of the law; ,n 1812 was appointed, by President Madison, United States Judge for the Territory of Mississippi. J Simpson, Richard. F.; was born in South Caro lina; graduated at the University of South Carolina in 1816; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Senate of his native State; Avas a Rep resentative in Congress from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1847. Simpson, W. D.; was born in Laurens County. ! South Carolina, October 23, 1823; received a col- ; legiate education, graduating from South Carolina ; College in 1843; studied law, and attended the Law I School at Cambridge, Massachusetts, for a time; was | admitted to the bar. and settled at Laurens Court House, South Carolina, in the practice of law; in 1*56 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; was re-elected ; was elected a State Senator in 1860; entered the Confederate Army as Lieutenant- Colonel on staff duty; was afterwards Major and Lieutenant-Colonel in the line; in 1863 was elected a Representative in the Confederate Congress; in 1868 was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-first Congress, but was debarred from tak ing his seat because of disabilities undej the pro visions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Consti tution; in 1876 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of South Carolina; was re-elected in 1878; in 1879 be came Governor of the State by the election of Gov ernor Hampton to the United States Senate; in that year was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State for the term of six years from 1880. Sims, Alexander D.; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, June 12, 1803; went through a course of studies at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and finished his education at Union College, New York; read and practiced law in Virginia; removing to South Carolina, taught in an academy at Darlington Court House; in 1829 commenced the practice of law in South Carolina; became a prominent member of the bar in that State; had a taste for politics, and during the Nullification times was active and de cided; served in the State Legislature in 1840 and 1842; was a member of Congress from South Carolina Irom 184.-, to 1848. Died at Kingstree, South Caro lina. November 16, 1848. Sims, Leonard H.; was born in North Carolina; was elected a Representative in Congress from Mis souri from 1845 to 1847. Sinclair, Charles E.; was born in Virginia; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Singiser, Theodore F.; was born at Church- town, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 345; received a common school education; learned the art of printing; entered the Union Army in 1861 and was actively engaged throughout the war par ticipating m all the great battles of the Peninsula mipaigns, and rising to the rank of Captain; after the close of the war engaged in editorial pursuits for several years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; was employed in United States Treasury at Washington, from 1875 to 1879. when he was ap pointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Oxford, Idaho- 10 was ippointed Secretary of Idaho Territory was , C VSf, G oy eiinor of the T -itory during the winter 82 was elected the Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-eighth Congress. Singleton, James W.; was born at Paxton, Virginia, November 23, 1811; received an academic education; removed to Illinois in 1833; adopted the profession of the law; served six terms in the State Legislature; was a member of the State Constitu- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 455 tional Conveutions of 1847 and 1861; was elected a Brigadier-General of State Militia; was President of the Quincy and Toledo and Quiucy, Alton and St. Louis Railroads; was elected a Kepresentative from Illinois to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Singleton, Otho B.; was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, October 14, 1814; graduated at St. Joseph College, Bardstown, Kentucky, and adopted the law as a profession; was two years in the lower House of the Mississippi Legislature; served six years in the State Senate; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was elected a Representative frem Mississippi to the Thirty-third Congress; was also elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the same State, serving as a member of the Joint Committee on Printing; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals; joined the great Rebellion in 1861, and served as a Representative in the Confederate Congress from 1861 to 1865; in 1875 was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty - fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Singleton, Thomas D.; was elected to Con gress from South Carolina in 1833, and, while on his way to Washington, to take his seat, in December; died at Raleigh, North Carolina. Sinnickson, Clement H.; was born in Salem, New Jersey, September 16, 1834; was educated at Union College, New York, and graduated there in 1855; studied law ;:t Trenton, New Jersey, and was admitted to the bar in 1858: began to practice in Salem, New Jersey; in 1861 raised a company of Vol unteers, and enlisted as Captain in the Fourth Regi ment of New Jersey Volunteers, for three months service, after which he resumed the practice of law in Salem; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Sinnickson, Thomas ; was born in Salem Coun ty, New Jersey, in 1745; received a classical educa tion; was bred a merchant; served in the Revolution ary War at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the capacity of Captain; was, for many years, a mem ber of the Council and Assembly of New Jersey, and the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; was a Correspondent of the Committee of Safety dur ing the Revolution; was a Representative in the First Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791 ; was again a Representative in Congress from 1797 to 1799 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died in Salem, May 15, 1817. Sinnickson, Thomas ; was born at Salem, New Jersey, December 13, 1786; received a common school education; commenced active life as a merchant; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for twenty years; was a member of the Xew Jersey Legislature; Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey during the years 1828 and 1829. Sitgreaves, Charles; was born at Easton, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803; received a liberal edu cation; adopted the profession of the law; settled in New Jersey; was Major-Commandant in the State military service from 1828 to 1838; was a member ol the New Jersey Assembly in 1831 and 1833; in 1834 was a member of the Legislative Council; was a member, and President, of the same in 1835; was a member of the State Senate from 1852 to 1854; was made a Trustee of the State Normal School in 1855, which office he vacated in 1864, when elected a Rep resentative from Xew Jersey to the Thirty-ninth Congress; served on the Committee on Military Affairs; was Mayor of Philipsburg in 1861, declining a re-election; was President of the Belvidere & Dela ware Railroad Company; was President of the Bank at Philipsburg; was one of the Representatives desig nated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866: was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Sitgreaves, John ; was an officer in the War of the Revolution; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from North Carolina from 1784 to 1785; in 1790 was appointed Attorney-General for that State; soon afterwards was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Caro lina. Died at Halifax, in March, 1801. Sitgreaves, Samuel; was born in Philadelphia; was liberally educated; studied law and settled in Easton, Pennsylvania; in 1790 was a member of the Constitutional Convention" of that State; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1798 ; was then appointed, by President Adams, Commissioner to treat with Great Britain. Died April 4, 1824. Skelton, Charles; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1851 to 1855. Skinner, Charles R.; was born at Union Square, Oswego County, New York, August 4, 1844; received an academic education; became a journalist; was a member of the Board of Education of W r atertown, New York, from 1875 to 1883; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1877 to 1881; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Warner Miller; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Skinner, John S.; was born in Maryland; in 1841 was appointed Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen eral, holding the position until 1845. Skinner, Richard ; was born at Litchfield, Con necticut, May 30, 1778; received his education at the celebrated law school of his native town; was admit ted to the bar in 1800; removed to Manchester, Ver mont; in 1801 was appointed State s Attorney for Bennington County, and in 1809 Judge of Probate: was elected a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815; was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1816; became Chief Justice of that Court in 1817; in 1818 was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, and was Speaker; was Governor of Vermont in 1820, 1821, and 1822; was re-appointed Chief Justice in 1824; resigned in 1829; was Presi dent of the Northeastern Branch of the American Education Society; was a member of the Board of Trustee* of Middlebury College, from which institu tion he received the degree of LL.D. ; was also inter ested in various local benevolent associations. Died at Manchester, May 23, 1833, much respected for his public services and private worth. Skinner, St. John B. L.; was born in New York; was appointed, from that State, a Clerk in the General Post Office in Washington; in 1861 was made Acting Assistant Postmaster-General; in 1866 was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, serving until 1869. 456 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Skinner, Thomas GK ; was born in Perque- mans County, North Carolina, January 21, 184:2; joined the Freshman Class at the University of North Carolina in 1858; left college in 1861 and joined the Confederate Army as a volunteer, serving throughout the Civil War; at its close returned to his home and engaged in farming and at a fishery, and at the same time studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1868 and engaged in the practice of law at Hertford, North Carolina; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Skinner, Thomas J., Jr.; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1796 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1804, having, on his first elec tion, succeeded T. Sedgewick; in 1804 was appointed, by President Jetferson, Commissioner of Loans. Slade, Charles ; was a Representative in Con gress from Illinois from 1833 to 18:54. Died in July ! of the same year, on his return from Washington, in j Knox County, Indiana, after an illness of only twenty-four hours. Slade, William ; was born at Cornwall, Ver mont, May 9, 1786; graduated at Middlebury College in 1807; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1810; in 1813 was a Presidential Elector; from 1814 to 1816 published and edited the Columbian Patriot, and at the same time kept a book-store; in 1815 was elected Secretary of State of Vermont, which office he held eight years, during six of which he officiated as Judge of the Addison County Court; was subse quently State s Attorney for the same county; from 1823 to 1829 was a Clerk in the State Department at Washington; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1831 to 1843; on his retirement from Congress was elected Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Vermont, which office he held one year; in 1844 was chosen Governor of Vermont; was subsequently made Secretary of the National Board of Popular Education, having for its object the fur nishing of the West with teachers from the East; in 1823 published the "Vermont State Papers"; in 1825 the "Statutes of Vermont," and in 1844 a vol ume of " Vermont Reports." Died at Middlebury, Vermont, January 18, 1859. Slater, James H.; was born in Sangamon Coun ty, Illinois, December 28, 1826; received a common school education; emigrated to California in 1849; settled in Oregon in 1850; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1854; was Clerk of the District Court for Benton County from 1853 to 1856; was a member of the Territorial Assembly in 1857 and 1858, and of the State Assembly immediately after the ad mission of Oregon as a State; was elected District At torney in 18<)6; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Forty-second Congress; was elected a United States Senator from Oregon for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Slaughter, Gabriel; was born in Virginia about 1767; was an early emigrant to Kentucky; was a successful farmer; was frequently a member of the State Legislature; at the battle of New Orleans was chosen Colonel of a Kentucky regiment, and received the thanks of the Legislature; was chosen Lieuten- ant-Governor, and, after the death of Governor Madi son, was Governor from 1816 to 1820. Died in Mer cer County, Kentucky, September 19, 1830. Slaymaker, Amos ; was born in the London Lands, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1755 ; received a good common school education, served as a soldier in the Revolutionary Army ; paid much attention to farming, and officiated as a magis trate; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, during a part of the Thirteenth Congress, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of James Whitehill. Died at Salisbury, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1837. Slemons, W. F.; was born in Weakly County, Tennessee. March 15, 1830; received his education at Bethel College; emigrated to Arkansas in 1852; stud ied law, and practiced at Monticello, in that State, until the breaking out of the Civil War; entered the Southern Army in 1861, and remained in service until its close; rose from Lieutenant to Brigadier- General, and commanded a division; after the war was District Attorney; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-sixth Congresses. Slidell, John ; was born in New York about the year 1793; on reaching the age of manhood, removed to New Orleans, where he established himself as a lawyer, and practiced the profession with success; was appointed, by President Jackson, United States District Attorney; was frequently elected to the Legislature of Louisiana; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; while in Congress was appointed, by President Polk, Minister to Mexico; in 1853 was elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired term of Senator Soule ; was re-elected for six years, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Condition of the Banks, and a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Foreign Relations; withdrew, and became identified with the Rebellion of 1861; went to France as a Minister from the Con federate Government; was captured by the San Ja- cinto, on his passage out; was imprisoned in Fort Warren, and after being released took up his resi dence in Paris. Died in London, England, July 29, 1871. Slingerland, John I.; was born in Albany County, New York, March 1, 1804; received a good common school education; devoted nearly his whole life to agricultural pursuits; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1843; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1849. Died at Albany, October 26, 1861. Sloan, Andrew ; was born in McDonough, Geor gia, June 10, 1845; was educated at Mai-shall Col lege, Georgia, and Bethany College, West Virginia; read law, and was admitted to the bar in I860; in 1866 was elected Solicitor of Henry County, Georgia; removed to Savannah, and was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs; was appointed United States District Attorney, and held the position until 1872, acting at the same time as Local Counsel for the United States in regard to the cotton claims, and also under the Mixed Commission on British and Ameri can claims; in 1872 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-third Congress, and, after a contest, was duly admitted. Sloan, A. Scott; was born in Morrisville, Mad ison County, New York, in 1820; adopted the profes sion of the law; in 1847 was elected Clerk of Madi son County; removed to Wisconsin in 1854; was elected to the Wisconsin Legislature in 1856; was appointed a Circuit Judge in 1858; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 457 Sloan, Ithamar O.; was born in Madison Coun ty, New York; received a common school education; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Wis consin in 1854; in 1858 and I860 was chosen District Attorney of Rock County; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands, and also on that on Expenses in the War Depart ment; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Claims, and Expenses of the War Depart ment. Sloan, James ; was a resident of Gloucester County, New Jersey, and a member of the Society of Friends; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1809. Died in New Jersey, in November, 1811. Sloane, John ; was born at York, Pennsylvania, in 1779; removed to Ohio while it was yet a Terri tory; was elected a member of the General Assembly in 1804 and 1805, and 1805 was Speaker; was a Re ceiver of Public Moneys at Canton, Ohio, from 1808 to 1816, and afterwards at Wooster until 1819; was a Colonel of Militia during the War of 1812; in 1819 was elected to Congress as a Representative from Ohio, continuing a member until 1829; was Clerk of the Common Pleas for seven years; was Secretary of State for three years; was Treasurer of the United States under President Fillmore. Died in Wooster. May 15, 1856, aged seventy-seven years. Sloane, Jonathan; was born in Massachusetts; settled in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Slocum, Henry W.; was born in New York, September 24, 1H27; graduated at the West Point Military Academy in 1852; on receiving the appoint ment of Second Lieutenant in the United States Army, was assigned to duty in Florida, where he spent about one year; from 1853 to 1856, as a First Lieutenant, was on duty at Fort Moultrie, on leaving which he resigned his commission; having paid some attention to the study of law, engaged in its practice at Syracuse, New York, from 1856 to 1861; in 1859 was elected to the State Legis lature; from 1851) to 1861 was Instructor of Artillery in the New York Militia; when the Rebellion broke out was chosen Colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regi ment of New York Volunteers; before the close of 1861 was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers; in 18(12 was appointed aMajor-General; served with zeal and success until the cessation of hostilities; was present at the battles of Manassa and Antietam, the march from the mountains to the sea, and at the time of bis resignation, in September, 1865, was in command of the Department of Mississippi; in 1865 was the Democratic candidate for Secretary of State of New York, but was defeated, after which he settled in Brooklyn, in the practice of law; in 1868 was chosen a Presidential Elector; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-first and Forty -second Congresses, terving on the Committee on Military Affairs; was also elected to the Forty -eighth Con gress. Slocum, Jesse; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1820. Died in Washington before the expiration of his term, December 20, of the latter year. Sloss, Joseph H.; was born in Somerville, Mor gan County, Alabama, October 12, 1826; received an academic education; studied law at Athens, Ten nessee; settled in Edwardsville, Illinois, in 1849; was a member of the Legislature in 1858; in 1861 returned to Alabama, and joined the Confederate Army, in which he served until the close of the war; was elected Mayor of Tuscumbia after the war, and continued in that office until 1870; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on Revision of Laws, the Militia, and Patents. Slough, John P.; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio; was elected to the State Legislature, from which he was expelled for striking a member during debate; in 1852 was chosen Secretary of the Central Demo cratic Committee; soon after went to Kansas; in 1860 removed to Denver City, Colorado; on the breaking out of the Civil War served with credit on the Southwestern frontiers; was made a Brigadier-Gen eral and Military Governor at Alexandria, in Vir ginia; at the close of the war was appointed Chief Justice of the Territory of New Mexico; a resolution for his removal was introduced in the Territorial Legislature, and he sought a personal encounter with the author of the resolution a Senator, and the re sult was his death, December 16, 1867. Small, "William B.; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Smalley, David A.; was born in Middlebury, Addison County, Vermont, April 6, 1809; received an academic education; studied law, and came to the bar in Franklin County in 1831, in which county he practiced his profession; in 1842 was elected a State Senator, and declined a re-election; in 1844 was admitted to the bar of the United States Su preme Court; was a Delegate to the "National Dem ocratic Convention " held in Baltimore, in 1852, and was Vice-President of the Convention; in 1853 was appointed Collector of Customs for Vermont; was a Delegate to the Cincinnati Convention of 1857; in that year was appointed United States District Judge for the Distict of Vermont; on account of ill-healtn Congress, in 1875, authorized him to retire on full pay. Smalls, Robert; was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, April 5, 1839; received no education until the close of the Civil War; lived at Beaufort until 1851, when he went to Charleston and worked at the rigger s trade, and led a seafaring life along the coast of South Carolina and Florida; having acquired a knowledge of the bays and harbors of the coast, went on board the Steamer Planter in the Confederate service in 1861, acting as pilot; when the opportunity offered he siezed the boat and joined the United States fleet outside the harbor; was then entered on the navy list of the Federal service; was subsequent ly commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the Thirty- third Regiment of colored troops, and performed. efficient service during the war, on sea and land, for which he was promoted to Captain; returned to Beau fort after the war; was a member of the Constitu tional Convention; in 1868 was a member of the House of Representatives of the State; also filled an unexpired term in the State Senate for two years; in 1872 was re-elected to that position; was made Brigadier-General and afterwards Major-General of State troops; in 1874 was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was de feated for re-election to the Forty-sixth Congress; was again elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. 458 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Smart, Ephraim K.; was born at Prospect (now Searsport), Maine, in 1813; was thrown upon his own resources to obtain means of education. which he obtained at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary after the study of law for three years, was admitted to the bar in Camden. Maine; was appointed Post master of Camden in 1838; in 1841 was elected State Senator, in 1842 was Aid to the Governor, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; was re-elected to tin- Senate the same year; in 1843 went to Missouri, and practiced law, as an Attorney and Counselor, and Solicitor in Chancery; returned to Camden, and was again Postmaster in 1845; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1847 to 184H. and from 1851 to 1853; from 1853 to 18~>8 was Collector of Customs at Belfast, Maine; in 1854 established the Maine Free Press, and was its editor for three years; in 18.">8 returned to the practice of law in Camden; in September of that year was again elected to the Legislature. Smart, James S.; was born at Baltimore, Mary land. June 14, 1842; received a classical education at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; entered the Union Army in 1864, as First Lieutenant, Sixteenth New York Heavy Artillery; served in the army until the second Expedition to Fort Fisher; was promoted to a Captaincy; in 1865 took charge of the Washing ton Count}/ Poxt, published at Cambridge; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. Smelt, Dennis ; was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1806 to 1811. Smilie, John ; was born in Ireland, emigrated to this country when a youth ; held many civil and military positions during the Revolution; served in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, his adopted State; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1799 to 1813; in 1797 was a Presidential Elector. Died in Washing ton, December 30, 1813, aged seventy-six years. Smith, A. Herr ; was born in Manor Township. Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1815; graduated at Dickinson College in 1840; studied law in Lancaster; was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected to the House of Representatives of Pennsyl vania in 1843 and 1844; in 1845 was elected to the State Senate; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on War daiins; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Smith, Albert ; was born in Hanover, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, January 3, 1793; graduated at Brown University in 1*13; was admitted to the bar in 1816; removed to Maine in 1817; was sent to the General Court of Massachusetts in 1820; was, for many years, a Postmaster in Maine; from 1830 to 1838 was Marshal of the United States for Maine: was a Representative in Congress . from Maine from 1839 to 1841; in 1842 was appointed the United States Commissioner to settle the Northeastern Boundary, under the Ashburton Treaty, which business was completed in 1847. Died in Boston, May 29, 1867. Smith, Albert; was born in New York; was a member of the New York Assembly, from Genesee County, in 1842; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1847. Smith, Alcock O.; was born in Kentucky; re moved to Washington Territory, from which he was appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Idaho. Smith, Arthur ; was born in Igle of Wight County, Virginia. November 15. 1785; was educated at the College of William and Mary; was a lawyer by profession, but never practiced; served with credit at the head of a Militia force at Norfolk, in 1812; was a member of the Privy Council of Virginia, and sub sequently a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825. Died in Virginia. March 30, 1853. Smith, Ballard; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1815 to 1821. Smith, Benjamin; was a resident of Brunswick County, North Carolina; was a member of the State Legislature in 1792; was a General of Militia; was Governor of the State from 1810 to 1811; his life was one of many difficulties; was engaged in many duels, but is kindly remembered because of his donation of twenty thousand acres of land to the State University in 1789. Smith, Bernard; was born at Morristown, New Jersey, in 1776; held an office in Washington for a time, and was sent as a Special Bearer of Dispatches to Europe; was subsequently Collector and Postmas ter at New Brunswick; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1819 to 1821 ; during the latter year was appointed Register of the Land Office in Arkansas, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Little Rock, July 16, 1835; during his residence in Arkansas he served the Government as an Indian Agent. Smith, Boardman H.; was born in Whiting- ham, Vermont, August 18, 1828; graduated at Wil liams College, Massachusetts, in 1847; studied law, and settled in New York; was appointed Judge of the Chemung County Courts in 1859. and elected to the same office in that year; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, servingion several committees, and as Chairman of that on Elections Smith, Caleb B.; was born at Boston, Massa chusetts, April 16, 1808; emigrated, with his parents, to Ohio in 1814; was educated at the Cincinnati Col lege and Miami University; adopted the profession of the law, and settled in Indiana; in 1832 established and edited a Whig journal called the Indiana Senti nel; in 1833 was elected a member of the Legislature; was re-elected in 1834, 1835, and 1836, during the latter year officiating as Speaker; in 1847 and 1848 was a member of the Board of Fund Commissioners; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1849; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1856; after leaving Congress, in 1849. was appointed, by President Taylor, one of the members of the Board for Investigating the Claims of American citizens against Mexico; subsequently practiced his profes sion in Cincinnati, Ohio; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of the Interior Depart ment; was a member of tiie " Peace Congress " held in Washington in February, 1861; in December, 1862, resigned the office of Secretary, and was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the Dis trict of Indiana. Died January 8, 1864. Smith, Daniel ; was one of the earliest emigrants to Tennessee; was a General of Militia; was a Sena tor in Congress froiu Tennessee during the year 1798, when lie was superseded by J. Anderson; was again i Senator from 18il5 to 1809. Died in July, 1818. Smith, Delazon ; was born at New Berlin, Dhenango County. New York; graduated at the Uberliu Collegiate Institute, of Ohio, in 1837; studied BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 459 law; becoming a writer for the press, was associated with the Rochester True Jeff ersonian. in New York, and the Western Empire, in Dayton, Ohio; was ap pointed, by President Tyler, Special Commissioner to ! Quito; in 1846 removed to Iowa Territory, where he I remained until 1852, when he emigrated to Oregon Territory; in 1854 was elected to the Assembly of Oregon, and was re-elected in 1855 and 1856; in 1857 was a member of the Convention which framed a State Constitution ; in July, 1 858, was chosen one of the Senators in Congress for the prospective State, and took his seat as such in February, 1859. Died in Portland, Oregon, November 17, 1860. Smith, Dietrich C.; was born in Ostfriesland, Hanover, April 4, 1841); emigrated to the United States in 1849, and settled in Pekiu, Illinois; entered the Union Army in 1861, and served throughout the war, attaining the rank of Captain; engaged in bank ing and manufacturing; was a Representative in the Legislature of Illinois; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-seventh Congress. Smith, Edward Henry ; was born at Smith- town, Long Island, in 1809; received a good common school education; was bred a farmer, to which occu pation he devoted his life; in 1860 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri culture, and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. Smith, Edward P.; was born at South Britain, Connecticut, June 3, 1827: entered Dartmouth Col lege, but graduated from Yale College in 1849, and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1855; in 1856 was settled over a church in Pepperell, Massachusetts : in 1862 was a Delegate under the Christian Commis sion ; was soon made Field Agent for the Army of the West, and then of the East; also acted as Secretary of tho Commission at Philadelphia; after the war entered the service of the American Missionary As sociation, and aided in establishing schools for Freed- men; in 1871 was appointed an Indian Agent among the Chippewas in Minnesota; in 1873 was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, without previous in timation; in December, 1875, was appointed Presi dent of Howard University. Smith, Edwin B.; was born in Maine, about the year 1835; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1852; studied law, and, on coming to the bar, settled in Saco. Maine, where he practiced his profession with success; frequently served in the State Legislature; was chosen Speaker in 1871; was subsequently the Official Reporter of the Supreme Court; in August, 1875, was appointed First Assistant in the office of the Attorney-General of the United States. Smith, Francis O. J.; was born in Massachu setts; was bred to the law; was elected to the As sembly of Maine in 1831; was President of the State Senate in 1833; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1839. Smith, George; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1813. Smith, George L.; was born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, December 11, 1840; re ceived a collegiate education; served in the army; settled in Louisiana at the close of the Civil War and engaged in mercantile business; was elected a mem ber of the Assembly in 1870 and 1872; was proprie tor of the Shreveport Southwestern Telegram; was President of a Savings Bank and Trust Company; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Smith, George "William ; was Governor of Vir ginia from 1811 to 1812; lost his life at the burning of the Richmond Theater, December 26, 1811. Smith, Gerrit; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Smith, Green Clay; was born in Richmond, Kentucky, July 2, 1830; graduated at Transylvania University in 1849, and in the Law Department of the same institution in 1852; was a School Commis sioner from 1853 to 1857, establishing a great iium- bor of schools; served as Second Lieutenant in the Mexican War; after the breaking out of the Rebel lion, in 1861, had command of the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry; was elected to the State Legislature: was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1862, and subse quently promoted to the rank of Major-General ; was present at the battle of Ball s Bluff and about fifty other engagements; in 1863 was elected a Represent ative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress. serving on the Committees on Elections, and on the Militia; his commission as General he resigned De cember 1, 1863; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864; was re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Public Expendi tures, as Chairman of the Committee on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on Debts of the Loyal States; w.as also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; in 1866, while still in Congress, was appointed, by President Johnson, Gov ernor of Montana; subsequently became a preacher iu the Baptist Church. Smith, HezekiahB.; was born at Bridgewater, Vermont, July 26, 1816; received a common school education; learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, and became an inventor and manufacturer of wood ma chinery ; was elected a Representative from New Jer sey to the Forty-sixth Congress. Smith, Hiram Y.; was born at Piqua, Ohio, March 22, 1843; received an academic education; graduated from the Albany Law School, at Albany, New York, in 1866; was admitted to the bar and com menced practice at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1866; was District Attorney of the Fifth Judicial District of Iowa from 1875 to 1879; was a member of the State Senate of Iowa from 1882 to 1884; was elected a Rep resentative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of John A. Kasson. Smith, Isaac ; was a graduate of Princeton Col lege in 1755 and a tutor in that institution ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1795 to 1797; was appointed, by President Washing ton, in the latter year, a Commissioner to treat with the Seneca Indians; was a Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey. Died in 1807. Smith, Isaac ; was a native of Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815. Smith, Israel ; was born in Connecticut, April 4, 1759; graduated at Yale College in 1781; studied law, and settled at Rupert, Vermont; subsequently settled at Rutland, and was sent to the State Legis lature from that town ; was a Representative in Con- 460 TUOGRAPRICAL ANNALS gress from 1791 to 1797, and again in 1800; was ap pointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ver mont in 1797; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1801 and 1802, and from 1803 to 1807, when he resigned; was Governor of Vermont in 1807; was a Presidential Elector in 1809. Died December 2, 1810. Smith, James; was born in Ireland in 1713; came to America when H boy ; received a classical education, and studied law in Lancaster, Pennsyl vania; became interested in iron-work, and eminent in "his profession; on the approach of war took an active part in public affairs; raised a company and commanded it in the field, and was made a Colonel; also look an active part ^ raising additional troops; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778; was a signer of the Declaration of In dependence; in 1780 entered the State Legislature; after retiring from that body devoted his whole at tention to the practice of his profession. Died July 11, 1806. Smith, James Milton; was elected Governor of Georgia in 1872, for the term ending in 1877. Smith, James S.J was born in Orange County, North Carolina; was educated for the medical pro fession; was a Kepresentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1817 to 1821; served in the Legislature of North Carolina in 1821. Smith, James Y.; was born at Groton, Con necticut, September 15, 1809; at the age of seventeen removed to Providence, and engaged in the lumber business; in 1838 was a cotton manufacturer at Willimantic, Connecticut, and at Woonsocket, Rhode Island; was afterward a member of the Legislature of Rhode Island for several years; was Mayor of Providence in 1855 and 1857; was Governor of the State from 1863 to 1865; was a supporter of the Union Cause, and contributed from his own wealth, in aid of the soldiers and their families during the war. Smith, J. Hyatt; was born at Saratoga, New York, April 10. 1824; occupied several clerical posi tions; studied theology, and in 1848 was ordained a Minister of the Gospel; after having had several other charges, finally settled in Brooklyn, New York, in the prosecution of his calling; in 1880 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty -seventh Congress. Died December 7, 1886. Smith, Jedediah K.; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1807 to 189, ftnd from 1*22 to 1825; held the office of Judge and Chief Judge of the Court of Co.nmon Pleas Ibr Hillsborough County from 1810 to 1814; was also a State Councilor. Died in 18:28, aged fifty-eight years. Smith, Jeremiah ; was born in Peterborough New Hampshire; graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1/80; received, from Harvard College, the degree of Doctor of Laws; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire in 1791, and continued there till 179,. being one of the last survivors of the distinguished men who participated with Washing ton in the administration of the Government; in 1801 was appointed, by President John Adams, a Judge of the United States Circuit Court, but did not serve as the ottice was soon afterwards abolished by Con gress; was chosen Governor of New Hampshire in 1809; served as a Presidential Elector in 1809 and was, for several years. Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the State; his extraordinary mental endow- ! ineiits not only remained unimpaired, but even shone forth brightest when he was near the close of his long life; few persons have been more widely known as statesmen and jurists, or have left behind them a more enduring reputation; his acquaintance with books was extensive, and his literary taste remarka bly correct and pure; he was highly esteemed, nol only as a lawyer and judge, but for his eminent social qualifications, and for all the attributes of a great and good man; he was a devoted friend of Dan iel Webster. Died at Dover, New Hampshire, Sep tember 21, 1843. Smith, John ; was a General of Militia in New York; was a member of the State Legislature from 1784 to 1799; was a member of the Convention which adopted the Constitution; was a Kepresentative in Congress from New York from 1799 to 1804, when he resigned; from 1804 to 1813 was a Senator in Con gress; in the latter year was appointed, by President Madison, United States Marshal for New York. Died i in 1816. Smith, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1801 to 1815. Smith, John; was born in 1735; was a Senatoi in Congress from Ohio from 1803 to 1808, when h resigned ; was a warm personal friend of Aaron Burr, and though for a time suspected, was in reality inno cent, of treasonable designs. Died in July, 1816. Smith, John ; was born at Barre, Massachusetts, in August, 1789; received a liberal education; re moved, in early life, to St. Albans. Vermont, where he was admitted to practice as a lawyer in 1810; rep resented St. Albans in the Legislature for nine suc cessive years; was elected State s Attorney of Frank lin County in 1826, and served six years; in 1831, 1832, and 1833 was Speaker in the General Assem bly; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1839 to 1841, after which he resumed the prac tice of his profession; received the degree of A.M. from Middlebury College and the University of Ver mont; in 1816 became enlisted in important railroad projects, and was so engaged at the time of his sud den death, which occurred at St. Albans, November 26, 1858. Smith, John A.; was born at Hillsborough, Ohio, September 23, 1814; graduated at the Miami University; studied and practiced law; was a mem ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1841 and Irt42; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1851; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Smith, John Ambler ; was born near Dinwid- die Court House, Virginia, September 23, 1847; was educated at a high school; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1867; in 1868 was appointed Commissioner in Chancery of the courts of Richmond; was State Attorney of Charles City and New Kent Counties for one year; was elected to the State Sen ate in 1869; was elected a Representative from Vir ginia to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Patents, and Railroads and Canals. Smith, John B. ; was a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855. Smith, John Cotton ; was born at Sharon, Con necticut, February 12, 1765 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1783; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice, in Litchfield County, in 1786; was a member of the State Senate in 1793; from 1796 to 1800 was a member of the Lower House; in 1799 was elected BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 461 Speaker; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1800 to 1806, when he resigned; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; was agiin a member of the Legislature until 1809, when he was chosen a member of the Council; was Governor of Connecticut from 1812 to 1817; was Lieutenant-Governor, and Judge of the Superior Court; received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College; was a member of the Northern Society of Antiquaries in Copenhagen, and of the Connecticut Historical Society, and also of various religious associations. Died at Sharon, Con necticut, November 7, 1845. Smith, John Cotton; was a citizen of Con necticut; in 1858 was appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia; was recalled in 1861. Smith, John Gregory ; was born at St. Albans, Vermont, July 22, 1818; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1838, and at the New Haven Law School; began to practice law with his brother John, in 1838, and at his death succeeded him as Chancel lor in 1858; was a member of the State Senate in 1858 and 1859; was a Representative in the State Legisla ture from 1860 to 1862, and Speaker in 1862; was Governor of Vermont from 1863 to 1865 ; was an active supporter of the Union Cause during the Civil War; in 1866 was made President of the North Pacific Rail road. Smith, John Q.; was born in Warren County, Ohio, November5, 1824; was educated at the com mon schools; was a farmer; was a member of the Ohio State Senate in 1860 and 1872; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1862 and 1863; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims; in December, 187"), was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Smith, John Speed ; was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, July 31, 1792; served as a soldier under General Harrison, and was at the battle of Tippecanoe; was Aid-de-camp to the same General at the battle of the Thames, in 1813; in 1819 was elect ed to the Legislature of Kentucky; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1821 to 1823; in 1827 was again elected to the State Legis lature, and was made Speaker of the House; subse quently served several terms both in the House and Senate; was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Attorney for the District of Kentucky; was, at one time, a commissioner to the Legislature of Ohio, on a mission of local interest; was Superintendent of Public Works in Kentucky, for several years. Died in Madison County, June 6, 1854. Smith, John T.; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845, and was a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures in the State Department. Smith, Jonathan B.; graduated at Princeton College in 1760; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. Smith, Joseph L.; was born in Connecticut; was well educated, and adopted the profession of the law; having become a resident of Florida, was ap pointed United States Judge for that Territory, serv ing as such until 1832. Smith, Joseph S.; was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1824; received a common school education; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Oregon, and then to Washington Terri tory; was made Prosecuting Attorney; was elected to the Territorial Legislature, and made Speaker in 1857: was, for two years, United States District At torney for the Territory, but resigned and returned to Oregon; was interested in the first woolen mill erected on the Pacific Slope, which was eminently successful; in 18i>7 retired from business and visited Europe; on his return was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Revolutionary Pensions; in 1864 was nominated fora seat on the Supreme Bench of the State, but de clined. Smith, Josiah ; was born at Pembroke, Massa chusetts, in 1745; graduated at Harvard University in 1774; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1801 to 1803; on his return from Washington, in March, 1803, took the small-pox in New York, and died at home before the close of the month. Smith, Melancthon; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788. Smith, Merriwether; was born in Essex Coun. ty, Virginia; was long a member of the House of Bur. gesses; was a member of all the Virginia Convenj tions in 1775 and 1776 ; was a member of the Fed era Convention of Virginia; was a Delegate to the Conti" nental Congress from 1778 to 1782. Smith, Nathan; was born at Roxbury, Con necticut, in 1770; received his professional education at the Law School in Li tch field; was a member of the Convention that formed the State Constitution; was, for many years, State s Attorney for the county of New Haven ; frequently served in the State Legis lature; was, for several years, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut; was a Delegate to the "Hartford Convention " in 1814; represented his na tive State in the Senate of the United States from 1833 to 1835; was long known as an eminent lawyer, respected for his integrity and ability. Died at Washington, District of Columbia, December 6, 1836. Smith, Nathaniel; was born in Woodbury, Connecticut, January 6, 1762; his education was lim ited ; studied law, and settled in practice in his na tive town in 1789; was, for many years, a member of the State Legislature, serving, at different times, in both houses; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1795 to 1799; in 1806 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and held the office until 1819; was greatly esteemed for his integrity and piety. Died March 9, 1822. Smith, Oliver Hampton ; was born near Tren ton, New Jersey, October 23, 1794; studied law; in 1824 was Prosecuting Attorney for the Third District of Indiana; was elected to the State Legislature in 1822; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1827 to 1829; was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1848; was the author of a work giving his "Recollections of Congressional Life," originally published in the Indianapolis Journal; subsequently devoted much attention to the internal affairs of his adopted State. Died at Indianapolis, March 19, 1849. Smith, Perry ; was born at Washington, Con necticut; attended the Litchfield Law School; settled in New Milford in 1807; was a State Representative for four years; was a Judge of Probate for two years; was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843. " Died in New Milford in 1852. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Smith, Richard; was a Delegate from New Jer sey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Smith, Robert; was born in 1757; served as a volunteer in the Revolutionary War, and was present at the battle of Brandywine; served as a member of the Maryland Legislature; was Secretary of the Navy from 1802 to 1805, in President Jefferson s Cabinet; was Secretary of the Navy under President Madison, which oflice he resigned and retired to private life. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, November 26, 1842. Smith, Robert ; was born at Peterborough. New Hampshire, June 12, 1802; received a limited education; was a farmer by occupation until he at tained his twentieth year, but subsequently engaged in manufacturing and merchandising; removed to Il linois in 1832; served in the Illinois Legislature from 1836 to 1840; was Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of the House of Representatives of Illinois from 1840 to 1843; was then elected to Congress, and served until March 4, 1849; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chairman of the Committee on Mile age; subsequently took an active part in organi/ing the railroads in his adopted State. Died at Alton, Illinois, December, 1867. Smith, Samuel ; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1752; was a distinguished merchant of Baltimore, Maryland, and contributed largely to the advancement of that city, of which he was once Mayor; rose from the rank of Captain to that of Brigadier-General in the Revolutionary War; in 1776 was a member of the Convention for framing the Constitution of Maryland: was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1793 to 1803. and again from 181(5 to 1822; was a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1815, and again from 1822 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance; during apart of the Ninth and Tenth Congresses! officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate. Died suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25, 1839. Smith, Samuel; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 18i5 to 1809. Smith, Samuel ; was born at Peterborough, New Hampshire, in 1767; held many public posi tions; was, for many years, a manufacturer of paper; was a Representative in Congress from New Harnp ehire. from 1813 to 1815. Died in 1842. Smith, Samuel A.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833, serving, during his second term, on the Committee on Agriculture. Smith, Samuel A.; was born in Monroe County Tennessee, June 26, 1822; lost his father when quite young, and, with limited opportunities for attending school, spent the most of his time on a farm until he became of age; at that time began to attend school in earnest; at the end of three months became a teacher, and for two years alternately attended and taught school in his native county; also taught school, fora while, during ten months that he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845; during that year was elected Attorney-General for the Third Judicial District of Tennessee, which office he held until 1848; was a Delegate to the "National Conven tion oi that year, held at Baltimore; was soon after wards elected a Presidential Elector; was again chosen a Presidential Elector in 1852; in 1850 took a deep interest in the affairs of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress- was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con gresses, and was Chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing; in 1859 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of the General Land Office; resigned in February, 1860. Smith, Samuel Emerson ; was born at Hollis, New Hampshire, March 12, 1788; graduated at Har vard University in 1808; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Boston, and settled in Wiscasset, Maine, in 1812; was a Representative in the Legislature in 1819 and 1820; was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas of Maine in 1821; was Justice of the State Court of Common Pleas from 1822 to 1830; was Governor of Maine from 1831 to 1834; was again Judge of the Court of ( ommon Pleas from 1835 to 1837; in the latter year was a Commissioner tore- vise the Public Statutes of Maine. Died in Wis casset, March 3, 1860. Smith, Thomas; was born in Scotland; emi grated to America; was a lawyer by profession; in 1769 was appointed Deputy-Surveyor, and settled in Bedford, Pennsylvania; was Prothonotary Clerk of the Sessions and Recorder of Bedford County; was Colonel of Militia during the Revolution; was a member of the " Constitutional Convention " in 1776; was a member of the State Legislature; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782; was President-Judge from 1791 to 1794; was a Judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from 1794 to 1809. Died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, June, 1809. Smith, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. Smith, Thomas; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847. Smith, Thomas L. ; was born in Virginia; was a man of superior culture; was appointed Register of the Treasury, by President Jackson, in 1829, and continued in that position until 1845; in 1849 was appointed, by President Taylor, First Auditor of the Treasury, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Washington, December 4. 1871. During his protracted residence in Washington, as an official of the Government, he commanded the high est regard of the community. Smith, Truman; was born in Rocksbnry, Litchfield County, Connecticut, November 27, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College in 1815; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; was elected to the State Legislature in 1831, and re-elected in 1832 and 1834; in 1839 was elected a Representative in Con gress, and was re-elected in 1841 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1845 was again elected a Repre sentative in Congress, and was re-elected in 1847; in 1849 took his seat in the United States Senate for a full term of six years; resigned in 1854; engaged in the practice of his profession in New York City; was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the Court of Arbitration in New York, under the Treaty of 1862 with Great Britain. Smith, Walter H.; was born in Ohio; in 1871 was appointed an Assistant Attorney-General of the United States. Smith, "William ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from Maryland from 1777 to 1778 was a Representative in Congress, under the Con- iitution, from 1789 to 1791, when he was appointed, by President Washington, Auditor of the Treasury n 1792 was a Presidential Elector. Died in Balti more, March 27, 1814, aged eighty-four years BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 463 Smith, "William ; was a Representative in Con gress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1799; re signed on being appointed, by President John Adams, United States Minister to Portugal. Smith, "William ; \vas born in North Carolina in 1762; emigrated to South Carolina; was educated at Mount Zion College; studied law; and came to the bar in 1792; was a Senator in Congress from South Carolina from 1816 to 1823, and again from 1826 to 1831, officiating on two occasions as President pro lem. of the Senate; in 1837 received the electoral vote of Virginia for Vice-President of the United States; served in the Legislature of South Carolina; was Judg : of the Superior Court of that State; was a distinguished supporter of the doctrine of State Eights; was offered a Seat on the Bench of the Su preme Court of the United States, but declined it; passed the latter years of his life in Alabama, and died at Huntsville, in July, 1840. Smith, "William ; was born]in Chesterfield, Vir ginia; was a Representative from that State to the Nineteenth Congress. Smith, "William; was born in King George County, Virginia, September 6, 1797; after prosecut ing his studies at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and at private schools in Virginia, studied law and commenced the practice in 1818; soon after was the means of establishing a line of post-coaches through Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, by which he made a fortune; in 1836 was elected to the State Legislature; was re-elected in 1840; was a Repre sentative in Congress during the term of 1842 and 1843; in 1845 was elected Governor of Virginia for three years; in 1853 was again elected a Representa tive in Congress, in which position he continued until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861; was Chairman of the Special Committee on the Laws of Public Printing, and a member of the Committee on Territories in the Thirty -sixth Congress; subse quently served as a Brigadier-General in the Vir ginia Army, and was wounded at Antietam. Smith, William Alexander; was born in "Warren County, North Carolina, January 9, 1828; received a limited education; was a farmer; was a member of the Secession Convention of North Caro lina in 1861; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1864; was a member of the Constitu tional Convention in 1865; was a member of the State Senate in 1870; was President of the North Carolina Railroad, and of the Yadkin River Railroad ; was appointed Receiver of the Western North Caro lina Railroad in 1873; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Smith, William E.; was born at Augusta. Geor gia, March 14. 1829; removed, with his father, to Albany, in that State, in 1842; received an academic education: studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848; was elected Ordinary of Dougherty County in 1853; in 1850 was made Solicitor-General for the Southwestern Circuit; in 1861 entered the Confeder ate Army in the Fourth Georgia Regiment as First Lieutenant; was elected Captain in 1862; lost a leg in front of Richmond, which caused him to retire from the service and return to the practice of law; in 18(T? was elected to the Confederate House of Repre sentatives, and continued in that office during its ex istence; then engaged in agricultural pursuits and cotton planting; in 1874 declined the .Judgeship of the Albany Circuit; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth and Forty- sixth Congresses. Smith, William H.; was born in Georgia, April 9, 1826; received an ordinary English education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; removed to Alabama, and was twice elected to the Legisla ture; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was ap pointed a Circuit Judge of the State; in 1868 was elected Governor of Alabama for the term of two years. I Smith, William Loughton ; was a statesman of South Carolina; was a Representative from South Carolina to Congress from 1789 to 1799; resigned on being appointed, by President John Adams, United States Minister to Portugal ; was Minister to Spain in 1800 and 1801: published an oration July 4, 1796; a comparative view of the Constitutions of the States and the United States in 1797; a pamphlet against the pretensions of Jefferson to the Presidency; es says signed "Phocian," and an address to his constituents in 1794 ; his speeches and letters to his constituents were re-published in London in 1795; received the degree of LL.D. Died in 1812. Smith, William N. H.; was born in Murfrees- borough, Hertford County, North Carolina, Septem ber 24. 1812; graduated at Yale College in 1834; studied law in New Haven for two years, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1839; in 1840 was elected a member of the State House of Commons; in 1848 was elected to the State Senate; before the expiration of his senatorial term was chosen Solicitor of the First Judicial District, holding the office for eight years; in 1858 was again elected to the House of Commons, but resigned his seat; was elected a Rep resentative from North Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce; took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate Congress; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention" of 1866, and the New York Convention of 1868. Smith, "William B.; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama, his native State, from 1851 to 1855, where he acquired reputation by making ; demonstration against Kossuth; chiefly devoted him self to literature and law, and had a seat on the bench of Alabama. Smith, William Stephens; was born in New York in 1755: graduated at New Jersey College in 1774: was Aid to General Sullivan in 1776; was Lieu tenant-Colonel of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regi ment from November, 1778, to March. 1779; was sev eral times wounded; was then, for a short time, at tached to the Staff of Steuben, but left July, 1781, 1o become Aid-de-camp to Washington: was Secretary of Legation under John Adams, in England, in 178.i; was Surveyor of the port of New York; served three years as a member of the New York Assembly; was President of the New York Cincinnati Society in 1804; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 1o 1816. Died at Lebanon, New York, June 10, 1816. Smith, Worthington C.; was born in St. Al- bans, Vermont, April 23, 1823; graduated at the University of Vermont, in Burlington, in 1843; stud ied law, but abandoned the profession, and became an iron merchant and manufacturer; in 1863 was chosen to the Legislature of the State; in 1864 and 1865 was elected to the State Senate, officiating dur ing the last session as President of the Senate; was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Weights and Measures, and Bank ing and Currency. 464 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Smith, W. J.; was born in Birmingham, Eng land; came to this country when quite young; after learning the trade of a painter, settled in New York City; when the war with Mexico commenced, went to New Orleans and enlisted in the army; after tie war, spent ten years in Memphis, Tennessee, follow ing his business, after which he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits; during the Rebellion was per secuted and arrested on account of his devotion to the Union cause; on being released, acted as a guide for the troops in Tennessee; enlisted in the Volunteer Army as a private, and rose to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General; was a member of the Convention to re-organize the State Government in Tennessee; was subsequently elected to the State Legislature; in 1867 was elected to the State Senate; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees on Agricul ture, and Public Buildings. Smithers, Nathaniel B.; was born in Dover, Delaware, October 8, 1818; graduated at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, in 1836; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; was Clerk of the Delaware House of Representatives in 1845 and 1847; in Jan- nary, 1863, was appointed Secretary of State for Del aware, which position he resigned; was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and also to the Philadelphia Loyalists Con vention of 1866. Smyth, Alexander; was born at Island of Rathlin, Ireland, in 1705; was a member of the Vir ginia Legislature ; was appointed a Colonel of Rifles in July, 1808; was appointed acting Inspector-Gen eral, with rank of Brigadier-General, July, 1812; un dertook the invasion of Canada in November, 1812, but proved incompetent and was removed from the army; was a Representative in Congress from Vir ginia from 1817 to 1825, and from 1827 to 1830. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 26, 1830. He published " Regulations for United States In fantry," in 1812, and a pamphlet on the Apocalypse. Smyth, Frederick; was Governor of New Hampshire for two years, from 1865 to 1867. Smyth, George W.; was born in North Caro lina; was elected a Representative in Congress from Texas from 1853 to 1855. Smyth, John Henry ; was born at Richmond. Virginia, in 1814; received an academic education at the Institute for Colored Yonth, under the patronage of the Society of Friends, at Philadelphia, Pennsyl vania, graduating therefrom in 1862; taught in the public schools of Philadelphia, Pottsville, Columbia, and Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania; studied law in Philadelphia and at Howard University, Washing ton, District of Columbia; while prosecuting his duties was a Clerk iu the Executive Departments at Washington; was admitted to the bar at Washington in 1871, and to the bar of the Supreme Court of North Carolina in 1875; in the latter year was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention; was subsequently a Clerk in the Treasury Department at Washington; in 1878 was appointed Minister Resi- deut and Consul-General of the United States to Li beria; was recalled in 1881 and re-instated in 1882; was made a Doctor of Laws, by Liberia Colleee in 1882. Smyth, William ; was born in Tyrone County, Ireland, January 3, 1824; received an academic edu cation; came to Pennsylvania in 1838, where he taught school and was clerk in a store ; removed to Iowa iu 1844, and studied law; from 1848 until 1853 was Attorney for Linn County; was .fudge of the same from 1854 to 1857; in 1858 was appointed a Commissioner to codify the State laws; also held sev eral other appointments from the Governor; was a Colonel of Iowa Volunteers from 1862 to 1864, when he resigned ; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Lands, and the Militia. Snapp, H.; was born in Livingston County, New York, June 30, 1S22; was educated in Rochester, arid in Homer. Illinois, in 1833; studied law in Joliet; was admitted to the bar iu 1843; practiced law for twenty-five years; was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1869, and served until elected to the For ty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Railways and Canals. Sneed, "William H.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Snodgrass, John Pryall ; was born in Berke ley County, Virginia, March 2, 1804; was a lawyer by profession, and practiced in Parkersburg, Virginia; was a member of the Virginia "Constitutional Con vention " assembled at Richmond in 1850; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1853 until his death, which occurred while trying a case in court in Parkersburg, June 5, 1854. Snow, "William ^W.; was born in Massachu setts; removed to New York; was elected a Repre sentative from that State to the Thirty-second Con gress. Snow, Zerubbabel ; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Utah; in 1850 was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for that District. Snowden, James Ross ; was born at Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in 1810; was Speak er of the House of Representatives of the State from 1842 to 1844; was State Treasurer from 1845 to 1847; was Treasurer of the United States Mint from 1847 to 1850, and Director of the same from 1853 to 1861; published "Descriptions of Coins in the United States Mint," 8vo, 1860, " Descriptions of Medals in the United States Mint," in 1861, "The Mint at Philadelphia," 1861, "Coins of the Bible," etc., 1864, "The Corn Planter Memorial," 1867; was the author of the Articles on Coins of the United States in the National Almanac of 1873, and many pam phlets on the subject. Died March 22, 1878. Snyder, Adam W.; was born in 1801; frequent ly served in the State Legislature of Illinois; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839; was a candidate for Governor of the State at the time of his death, which occurred at Belleville Illinois, May 14, 1842. Snyder, Charles Philip; was born near Charleston, Kanawha County, West Virginia, June 9, 1847; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and commenced prac tice in 1871; was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Kanawha County in 1876; was re-elected in 1880, and continued to serve until elected a Representa tive from West Virginia to the Forty-eighth Con gress, to fill the vacancy caused by the elevation of John E. Kenna to the United States Senate; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth ( ongress. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDING, WASHINGTON. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 465 Snyder, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Com mittee on the Militia. Snyder, Oliver P. ; was born in Missouri, No vember 13, 1833; received an academic education; removed to Arkansas in 1853; was, for several years, engaged in scientific and literary pursuits; studied and practiced law; was a member of the General Assembly of Arkansas in 1864 and 1865; was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1867; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; was. elected a member of the State Senate for four years; was appointed one of the three Commissioners to re vise and re-arrange the Statutes of Arkansas; was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses, and served on the Committees on Freedmen and the Militia; in March, 1875, was appointed Postmaster at Pine Bluff in Arkansas. Snyder, Simon ; was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 5, 175!); rose from the posi tion of apprentice to the highest honors of the State; was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Pennsylvania; was several years Speaker of the House of Representatives of Pennsyl vania; in 1818 was a member of the State Senate; was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1817. Died at Selin s Grove, in Northumberland County, November 9, 1819. Sellers, Augustus B.; was born in Maryland; was elected a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1853 to 1855; was a Presidential Elector in 1856. Solomon, Edward ; was Governor of Wisconsin from 1861 to 1863. Somes, Daniel E.; was a Representative from Maine in the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures; from 1855 to 1857 was Mayor of Biddeford, Maine; from 1856 to 1858 was President of the City Bank of that city; was a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861; subsequently settled in Washington as a Claim Agent. Declined all appeals for information. Soule, Nathan ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1831 to 1833; was a member of the State Assembly from Onondaga in 1837. Soule, Pierre ; was born at Castillion, in the Pyrenees, in 1801, during the First Consulate of Napoleon; was destined for the Church, and in 1816 was sent to the Jesuit s College at Toulouse; was af terwards sent to complete his studies at Bordeaux; at the age of fifteen took part in a conspiracy against the Bourbons, and the plot being discovered, was com pelled to take refuge in a little village of Navarre, where he remained for more than a year, following the occupation of a shepherd; was permitted to re turn to Bordeaux, but longed for a more exciting scene of action, and accordingly repaired to Paris; here, in conjunction with Barthelemy and Mery, he ji established a paper advocating Liberal Republican sentiments; this soon brought him under the eye of the authorities, and he was put upon trial; his advo cate appealed to the clemency of the court in behalf of the prisoner on the score of his youth ; this line of defense did not suit the prisoner, who rose from his tseat and addressed the Court, denying the criminality of his opinions and conduct; his eloquence did not 30 save him from St. Pelagic, whence he succeeded in making his escape to England; disappointed in his expectations of obtaining a situation in Chili, which had been promised him, and finding himself alone in a strange country, wholly ignorant of the language, he returned to France; at Havre met a friend, a Cap tain in the French Navy, who advised him to seek an asylum in the United States, and offered him a pas sage in his ship as far as St. Domingo; accepted the proposition, and arrived at Port-au-Prince in Septem ber, 1825; from this place took passage to Baltimore; removed to New Orleans in the fall of 1825; having determined to make the law his profession, first ap plied himself assiduously to the study of English; passed his examination for the bar in that language, and was admitted ; in 1847 was elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to till a vacancy, and was re- elected in 1849 for the term of six years; resigned in 1853; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Spain; in 1862 was arrested in New Or leans for disloyalty to the Government, and, after an imprisonment of some months in Fort Lafayette, was released on condition that he would not return to Louisiana until the end of the Rebellion. Died in New Orleans, March 26, 1870. Southard, Henry ; was born on Long Island, New York, in October, 1749; when eight years of age his father removed to Baskinridge, in the Colony of New Jersey; received but an ordinary education, and as a day laborer, earned the money to buy a form; took an active part in the Revolutionary War; after the adoption of the Constitution served nine years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1811, and from 1815 to 1821; a short time before retiring from Congress met his son in a Joint Committee, and they voted together on the Missouri Compromise. Dird June 2, 1842. He was a man of superior talents and remarkable memory. Southard, Isaac ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1831 to 1833. Died Sep tember 18, 1850. Southard, Milton I.; was born in Licking Coun ty, Ohio, October 20, 1836; graduated at Denison University, Ohio, in 18S1; studied law. and was ad mitted to the bar in 1863; was elected Attorney for Muskingum County in 1867, 1869, and 1871; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-third Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty -fourth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Min ing, and on the Treasury Department; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Territories; was re-elected to the Forty -fifth Con gress. Southard, Samuel L.; was the son of Henry Southard ; was born in Baskinridge. New Jersey, June 9, 1787; graduated at Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1804; soon afterwards removed to Virginia, where he was admitted to the bar; in 1811 returned to his native State; rose to a high position as a law yer; was, for several years, Deputy-Attorney; in 1814 was admitted as Counselor-at-law, and appointed, by the Legislature, Law Reporter; in 1815 was elected to the Legislature; in a week after taking his seat, was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; in 1820 was a Presidential Elector; in 1821 was elected a Senator in Congress, serving as President pro tern, of that body; remained there until 1823, when he was appointed, by President Monroe, Secretary of the Navy; was also acting Secretary of the Treasury, and. for a short period, acting Secre tary of War; in 1822 was elected a Trustee of Nassau 466 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Hall, and also of the Theological Seminary of Prince ton; in 18.!0 was elected Attorney-General of New Jersey; in 1832 was Governor of the State; in 1833 was again elected to the United States Senate, and served until 1842; on the death of President Harri son, became the President of the Senate; he is re membered in New Jersey as the "favorite son" of that .State. Died in Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 26, 1842. Southgate, William W.; was born in Ken tucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1844. Sowden, W. H.; was a resident of Allentown, Pennsylvania; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-ninth Congress. Spaight, Richard. D.; commenced his academic studies in Ireland, and finished his education at the University of Glasgow; joined the American Army in 1778, as Aid-de-camp to General Caswell, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780; in 1781 entered the House of Commons of North Carolina; from 178:3 to 1874 was a member of the Continental Congress, and also during the years 1785 and 1786; was one of the Delegates to form the Constitution of the United States, to which his name is appended; was a Presi dential Elector in 1797; in 1792 was again elected to the Local Legislature; was the same year elected Governor of North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from 1798 to 1801, after which he was elected to the State Senate. On Sunday, September 5, 1802, he fought a duel with the Honorable John Stanley, was wounded in the side, and died in about twenty hours. Spaight, Richard D., Jr.; was born at New- berne, North Carolina, in 1796; graduated at the University of that State in 1815; studied law; served four years in the State Legislature; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1823 to 1825; subsequently served ten years in the State Senate; was Governor of North Carolina in 1835 and 1836; after retiring from that office, declined all public positions, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. Died in 1850. Spalding, Rufus Paine; was born at West Tisbury, Martha s Vineyard, Massachusetts, May 3, 1797; went, with his father, Rufus Spalding, to Con necticut when a boy ; received the rudiments of his education at the Plainfield and Colchester Acade mies; graduated at Yale College in 1817; studied law; removing to Ohio, commenced the practice of his profession in Trumbull County in 1821; in 1839 was elected to the Ohio Legislature; was re-elected in 1841, and was Speaker of the House; in 1849 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court for seven years, and held the position for three years, until the new State Constitution was adopted, when he re moved to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law in 1862 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Revolutionary Pensions- was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Bankrupt Law; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress serv ing on the Committees on the Library and Revision of United States Laws; subsequently declined all political honors. Died August 29, 1886. Spalding, Thomas; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1805 to 1806. Spangler, David ; was a Representative in Con-1 gress from Ohio from 1833 to 1837; in 1844 was nom inated by the Whig party for Governor of the State, but declined the nomination. Died in Coshocton, Ohio, October 18, 1856. Spangler, Jacob ; was born in 1768; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1813; resigned; was again a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 1818; was subsequently Surveyor-Gen eral of the State. Died at York, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1813. Sparks, William A. J.; was born near Newt Albany, Indiana, November 19, 1828; removed, with his parents, to Illinois in 1836; attended country schools, labored on a farm, and taught school ; gradu-; ated at McKendree College, Illinois; studied lawi and was admitted to the bar in 1850; was United- States Land Office Receiver from 1853 to 1856; was{ Presidential Elector in 1855; was a member of the/ State Legislature in 1857 and 1858; was a State Sena-, tor in 1803 and 1864; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention at New York in 1868; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- ; fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth,, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; declined! are-nomination; in March, 18S5, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Commissioner of the General Land Office, in the Department of the Interior. Spaulding, Elbridge GK; was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, February 24, 18i9; was educated at Auburn Academy; taught school; studied law, and was admitted to practice in Genesee County, New York; in 1834 removed to Buffalo, New York; in 1836 was Attorney of the Supreme Court of New York, and also Solicitor in Chancery; in 1S39 was Counselor of the same; in 1836 was appointed City Clerk of Buffalo; in 1841 was Alderman, and in 1847 was elected Mayor; in 1848 was a member of the Assembly of the State; from 1849 to 1851 was a Representative in Congress from New York, serving! on the Committee on Foreign Relations; in 1853 was elected Treasurer of the State of New York; was a member of the Canal Board for two years; was Pres ident of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Gen-j esee, at Buffalo; was also elected to the Thirty-sixth; Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means; was re-elected to the Thirty -sev enth Congress. Spaulding, Oliver L,.; was born at Jaffrey, New Hampshire, August 2, 1833; graduated at Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1855; removed to Michigan; was admitted to the bar in 1858, and, in that year, was , elected a Regent of the University of Michigan; en-i tered the Union Army, in 1862, as Captain, and served until 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was Secretary of State of Michigan from 1866 to 1870; was a member of the Republican State Committee from 1871 to 1878; was a Special Agent of the United States Treasury De partment from 1875 to 1881; was elected a Repre sentative from Michigan to the Forty-seventh Con- i gress. Spear, Ellis ; was a citizen of Maine; was Com- I missioner of Patents, in the Department of the In terior, from January, 1877, to November, 1878; set tled in Washington City in the practice of law. Speed, James ; was born in Jefferson County Kentucky, March 11, 1812; graduated at St. Jos eph s College, in that State; was, for a time, em ployed in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit and BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 467 Couuty Courts; studied law at Transylvania Uni versity, and, on being admitted to the bar, settled in the practice at Louisville, in 1853; in 1847 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1861 -was elected to the State Senate; in November, 18G4, was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Attorney-General of the United States, which office he resigned in July, ls6fi, and resumed the practice of his profession; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866, and was President of the Convention. Speed, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1819. Speer, Emory ; was born at Culloden, Georgia, September 3, 1848: received a classical education, graduating at the University of Georgia in 1869; en tered the Confederate Army at the age of sixteen, and served throughout the war; studied law; en tered upon its practice at Athens, Georgia, in 1869; in 1873 was appointed Solicitor-General for the Western Judicial Circuit of the State, and held the office three years; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty -sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses; in February, 1885, was appointed, by Presi dent Arthur, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Georgia. Speer, Robert Milton ; was born in Cassville, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1838: was well educated; studied law. and was ad mitted to the bar at Huntingdon in 1859; was As sistant Clerk of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1863; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1872; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Elections. Speight, Jesse ; was born in Greene County, North Carolina, September 22, 1795; his education was limited, but his natural abilities were of a high order; in 1822 was a member of the House of Com mons of North Carolina; in 1823 was a member of the State Senate, where he continued until 1827, officiating several years as Speaker; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1829 to 1837; declined a re-election; removed to Missis sippi; was elected to the Legislature there, and made Speaker; from 1845 to 1847 was a Senator in Con- g ess from his adopted State. Died at Columbus, Mississippi, May 5, 1847. Spence, Carroll; was a citizen of Maryland: in 1853 was appointed Minister Resident to Turkey, and in 1855 was empowered to negotiate a treaty with the Government of Persia. Spence, John S.; was a Representative in Con gress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825, and from 1831 to 1833; was United States Senator from 1837 to 1840. Died October 29, 1840. Spence, Thomas A.; graduated at Yale College in 1829; was a Presidential Elector in 1840; was elected a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1843 to 1845. Spencer, Ambrose ; was born at Salisbury, Connecticut, December 13, 1765; in 1779 entered Yale College, and remained three years; graduated at Harvard University in 1783; studied law, and set tled at Hudson, New York: was a member of the New York Assembly in 1793; from 1795 to 1798 was a State Senator; in 1796 was Assistant Attorney- General of the counties of Columbia and Rensselaer, and a member of the Council of Appointment; in 1802 was Attorney-General for the State; in 1804 was chosen Judge: in 1809 was a Presidential Elector; in 1810 became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court oi the State; in 1823 retired from the bench and was en gaged at the bar; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831 ; was Mayor of Albany one term; retired to the village of Lyons in 1839, and engaged in agricultural pursuitt; in 1^44 was President of the National Whig Conven tion at Baltimore. Died at Lyons, New York, March 13, 1848. Spencer, Elijah ; was born in Columbia County, New York: was a member of the New York Assem bly in 1819; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823. Spencer, George E.; was born in Jefferson County, New York. November 1, 1835; was educated at the Montreal College, in Canada; studied law, and came to the bar of Iowa in 1856; was Secretary of the Iowa Senate in 1858; entered the army as a Cap tain in 1862; recruited the First Cavalry Regiment of Alabama in 1863; commanded a brigade of cavalry on Sherman s grand march ; was brevetted a Briga dier-General for "gallantry in the field"; resigned in 1865; settled in Alabama; in 1867 was appointed a Register in Bankruptcy for the Fourth District of Alabama; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Pensions, Military Affairs, and the District of Columbia ; was re-elected for the term ending in 1879 ; in 1881 was appointed a Commissioner of the Pacific Railway. Spencer, James B.; served as a Captain in the war of 1812, and was in several engagements; was in the Legislature of New York in 1831 and 1832; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839; subsequently held the various positions of Elector, Magistrate, County Judge, Collector, and Indian Agent. Died at Fort Covington, New York, in March, 1848. Spencer, John O.; was born at Hudson, New York, January 8, 1787; entered Williams College, but soon went to Union College, where he graduated in 1806; President Nott was then at the head of the college, and one of the last professional acts of Mr. Spencer was to defend, in court, the President s ad ministration, for many years, of the affairs of the col lege; Mr. Spencer was admitted to the bar in 1809, and opened an office in Canandaigua; lived in Canan- daigua until 1845, when he removed to Albany, where he resided until his death ; was Private Secre tary to Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, and, at the age of nineteen, became connected with public af fairs, and, from that time until his last illness, no prominent public event occurred in which he did not take an interest; in 1811 was made Master in Chan cery; in 1813 was Brigade Judge- Advocate, in active service on the frontier; in 1814 was appointed Post master of Canandaigua; in 1815 was Assistant Attor ney-General for the western part of the State; in 1816 was elected to Congress, where he remained two years ; while there was one of the Committee who ex- amined into the affairs of the United States Bank, and their report was drawn by his hand; in 1820 was first elected to the Assembly, and was chosen Speaker: the next year was returned, but his party was in the minority; in 1824 was elected to the State Senate and served four years; joined the anti-Masonic party, and was appointed, by Governor Van Buren, Special Attorney-General, under the law passed for that purpose, to prosecute, those connected with the al leged abduction of Morgan; in 1832 was again elected 468 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. to the Assembly; in 1839 was appointed Secretary o State and Superintendent of Common Schools, and did much to reduce them to a system; served for two years; was appointed Regent of the University in 1840; in October. 1841, was made Secretary of War, by President Tyler, and in March, 1843, was trans ferred to the Treasury Department; resigned in 1844, because of his opposition to the annexation of Texas; was a successful lawyer, but achieved his highest fame from his connection with the Revision of the Statutes of New York; not content with merely pre paring the Statutes, he followed them up with a se ries of essays, explaining their purposes; so great was the confidence reposed in him by the people, that he was selected to revise the whole body of the Law of the State, but his advancing age compelled him to de cline the task; was industrious, and a man of in tellect and intense energy. Died at Albany, May 18, 1835. Spencer, Joseph ; was born at East Haddam, Connecticut, in 1714; was Judge of Probate in 1753; joined the Northern Army in 1758, as Major under Colonel Whiting; was Lieutenant-Colonel in the two succeeding campaigns; was elected a member of the Council in 1766; was appointed Brigadier-General in the Continental Army in 1775; became Major-Gen- eral in 1776; was in the expedition against Rhode Island in 1778, and assisted in Sullivan s retreat; re signed June 14, 1778, in consequence of an order given by Congress to inquire into the reasons of the failure on his part to carry out the plan of the expe dition against the British in Rhode Island, the pre ceding year; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1778 and 1779; in 1780 was again elected to the Council, and was annually re-elected until his death; was highly esteemed by General Washington. Died at East Haddam, Connecticut, January 13, 1789. Spencer, Richard; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1829 to 1831. Spencer, William B.; successfully contested the seat of Frank Morey as a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; resigned January 8, 1877. Spink, S. L.; was born at Whitehall, New York. March 20, 1831; was educated at the Castleton Acad emy, in Vermont; taught school, for several years, in New England, New York, and Maryland; studied law, and came to the bar in Iowa in 1856; in 186U removed to Illinois, and conducted the Prairie Bea con, at Paris, as proprietor; was elected to the State Legislature in 1864: was appointed Secretary of Da kota Territory, by President Lincoln, the day pre ceding his assassination, and continued in office un til 186 J, when he was elected the Delegate from Da kota to the Forty -first Congress. Spinner, Francis E.; was born in the town of German Flats, Herkiiner County, New York, (where the village of Mohawk now stands), January 21 1802; received most of his instruction from his father who was a highly educated German clergyman; for twenty years was the executive officer of the Mohawk Valley Bank; held all the Commissions, from the Governors of New York, from a Lieutenant to a Major-General of the State Artillery; was County Sheriff, and Commissioner for building the State Lunatic Asylum; from 1845 to 1849 was Auditor in the Naval Office at New York; in 1854 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States Treasurer, and continued in the position until 1875, when he resigned. Sprague, Peleg ; was born December 10, 1756; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1783; was a law yer by profession ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 1799. Died in 1800. Spoffbrd, Ainsworth Band ; was born at Gil- manton, New Hampshire, September 12, 1825; re ceived a classical education by private tuition, his father being a clergyman; at the age of sixteen went into the business of bookselling and publishing in Cincinnati: in 1859 became associate editor of the Daily Commercial, of that city; in 1861 was appointed First Assistant Librarian in the Library of Congress at Washington; in 1865 became Librarian-in-Chief ; under his administration of that trust, the National Library has grown from ninety thousand to more than five hundred thousand volumes, and the amend ment of the law of Copyright has been effected, through which the whole business of recording and authenticating copyright is transferred to Washing ton, instead of being scattered through the District Courts of the States; as a result, the Government se cures a complete deposit of all copyright publica tions, and the citizen can rely on finding (with few and unimportant exceptions) every book published in the United States. Spooner, Henry J.; was born at Providence, Rhode Island. August 6, 1839; graduated at Brown University in 1860; studied law; served in the Union Army as a commissioned officer from 1862 to 1865; was admitted to the bar in the latter year, and en gaged in the practice of law in his native city; was a member of the State House of Representatives from 1875 to 1881, serving as Speaker the last two years; was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Forty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Nelson W. Aldrich ; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress; was again elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Spooner, John C.; was born at Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, Indiana, January 6, 1843; removed, with his father s family, to Wisconsin in 1859. and settled at Madison; graduated from the State Uni versity of Wisconsin in 1864; was private in Com pany D, Fortieth Regiment, and Captain of Com pany A, Fiftieth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry Vol unteers during the Civil War; was brevetted Major at the close of service; was Military and Private Secretary to Governor Lucius Fairchild, of Wiscon sin; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1807, and engaged in the practice of law; served as As sistant Attorney-General of the State from 1867 to 1870; then removed to Hudson, Wisconsin, where he continued to reside in the practice of his profes sion; in 1872 was elected a Representative in the Wisconsin Legislature; was a member of the Board of Regents of the Wisconsin University; was elected United States Senator from Wisconsin for the term of six years from March 4, 1885. Sprag-ue, Peleg ; was born in Duxbury, Mas sachusetts, in 1792; graduated at Harvard Univers- ty with honor in 1812; having adopted the profes sion of the law, settled in the practice, first at Au gusta, Maine, and then at Ilallowell; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1821 and 1822- was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 1825 to BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1829; was a Senator in Congress from 18 -29 to 183 on completing his Senatorial term settled in Boston Massachusetts; in 1841 was appointed Judge of th District Court of the United States for Massachusetfc resigned in 1865; in 1841 was also a Presidentia Elector; in 1847 received, from Harvard University the degree of Doctor of Laws. Sprague, William; was born at Cranston Rhode Island, in 1800; when quite young was electe to the General Assembly, and in 183:2 was chosei Speaker of the House; in 1835 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Rhode Island; declined i re-election; was Governor of Rhode Island in 1838 and 183!); in 1812 was elected to the United States Senate, serving two years; in 1849 was a Presidentia Elector; was a member of the State Assembly at th( time of his death, which occurred in Providence October 19, 1856. Sprague, William ; was born in Rhode Island removing to Michigan, was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Died soon afterwards. Sprague, William ; was born at Cranston. Rhode Island, September 11, 1830, his ancestors having been, for several generations, honorably asso ciated with the manufacturing business of New En gland; was educated chiefly at the Irving Institute, Tanytown, New York, and subsequently spent sev eral years in the counting room of an uncle, on the death of whom one of the largest manufacturing interests in the country came into his possession : having a taste for military affairs, he joined an artil lery company in Providence in his eighteenth year, and became a Colonel; in 1859 visited Europe, and was friendly to the cause and person of Garibaldi; in 1861 was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and on the breaking out of the Rebellion took a great inter est in the National cause; was with the troops of Rhode Island at the first battle of Bull Run; in 1862 was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term ending in 1869, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the Committees on Commerce and Mili tary Affairs; was also President of several banks, and director in various insurance companies; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866, andalso to the " Soldiers Convention at Pittsburgh; was re-elected to the Senate in 1868. for the term ending in 1875, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; his uncle, bearing the same name, was also a Senator in Congress. Sprague, William P.; was born in Morgan County, Ohio, May 21, 1827; received a good educa tion; engaged in mercantile pursuits; was President of the First National Bank of McConnellsville; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1860 and 1862; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Pub lic Buildings and Grounds. Sprigg, James O.; was born in Maryland; was elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1841 to 1843. Sprigg, Michael O.J was frequently a member of the Maryland Legislature; was. at one time, Pres ident of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; was a Pres idential Elector in 1820; was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1831. Died at Cumberland, Maryland, in December, 1845. Sprigg, Pdchard. ; Avas a Representative in Con gress from Maryland, from 1796 to 1799, and from j.801 to 1802. Sprigg, Samuel ; was born in Maryland; v,-;ia elected Governor of that State in 1819, remaining in office until 1822. Sprigg, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland, from 1793 to 1796. Sprigg, William ; was a native of Maryland, and well educated; in 1805 was appointed, by Presi dent Jefferson, United States Judge for the Territory of Michigan; in 1806 was transferred to the same position in Orleans; in 1812 was transferred to Lou isiana; in 1813 to the Territory of Illinois; on the admission of Missouri into the Union as a State, re ceived the appointment of District Judge for that State, but held it only for a short time. Spriggs, J. Thomas ; was born at Pelutno, Northamptonshire, England, April 5, 1826; emi grated, with his parents, to the United States in 1834, and settled at Utica, New York; graduated from Union College, New York, in 1848; was admitted to the bar in the same year, and engaged in the prac tice of law; was elected District Attorney in 1853; County Treasurer in 1856; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1864, 1872, and 1880; was elected Mayor of the city of Utica in 1868, and again in 1880; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Springer, William M.; was born in Sullivan County, Indiana, May 30, 1836; removed, with his parents, to Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1848; graduated at Indiana University, Bloomington, in 18,18; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1859; in 1862 settled in Springfield, Illinois, where he practiced his profession ; that year was Secretary of the Illinois Constitutional Convention; was a member of the Legislature in 1871 and 1872; was elected a Repre sentative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December. 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department; .vas re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty- seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Spruance, Presley ; was born in Delaware in 1785; was devoted to mercantile pursuits; served in the State Senate and was President of that body; was i Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1847 to 1853. Died in Smyrna, Delaware, February 13. 1863. Squier, Bphraim George ; was born at Beth- ehem, New York, June 17, 1821 ; graduated at ^rinceton College in 1848; in his youth worked on a arm in summer and taught school in winter; next mblished a village newspaper, and studied civil en gineering; in 1841 and 1842 was associated with the Neio York State Mechanic, at Albany; published a volume on the Chinese in 1843; edited the Hartford Daily Journal from 1843 to 1845; from 1845 to 1848 edited the Scioto Gazette, at Chillicothe; was Clerk of he Legislature in 1847 and 1848; investigated the tboriginal monuments of the Mississippi valley, the esults of which were published in the first volume >f Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, and n the Transactions of the Ethnological Society; in 849 "Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New T ork, from Original Surveys and Explorations"; in 848 was Charge d Affaires to Central America; as secretary of the Honduras Inter-Oceanic Railway Company, went again to Central America in 1853; is observations are found in his "Nicaragua, its J eople, Scenery, and Monuments," in 1852; "Notes n Central America," 1854; " Waikna," 1855; "Ques- ion Anglo- Americaine," Paris, 1856; the "States 470 B1OGKAPHICAL ANNALS. of Central America," in 1857; " Monographs of Au thors who have written on the Aboriginal Languages of Central America, "in 1861; "Tropical Fibers and their Economic Extraction," with other publications on that region; received the medal from the Geograph ical Society of France, and was a member of various scientific and literary societies, and the editor < Frank Leslie s publications; was United States Com missioner to Peru in 1863 and 1864; was the first President of the Anthropological Institute ol j York, in 1871. Squire, Watson O.; was born at Cape Vincent, New York; commenced his classical course of study at Fulton, New York, at the age of fifteen, suppcrt- ing himself by manual labor and by teaching district schools; at the age of eighteen joined the Sophomore class at the Middletown College, Connecticut; gradu ated in the classical course in 1859; commenced the study of law at Herkimer, New York, but pressing financial obligations compelled him to abandon it, and he soon became Principal of the Moravia Insti tute, in Cayuga County, New York; in May, 1861, enlisted in the Nineteenth New York Volunteer In fantry, and was elected First Lieutenant; although enlisted for three months, served until October, 1861, then removed to Clyde, Ohio; studied law at Cleve land, Ohio, and, in 1862, was admitted to practice in the State Supreme Court; in October, 1862, again entered the army, becoming Captain of the Independ ent Ohio Sharpshooters; subsequently commanded the First Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters in the Army of the Cumberland; during the winter of 1863-64 was Judge Advocate at Nashville, Tennessee; in the spring of 1864 resumed command of his battalion; served with General Sherman during the " March to the Sea," and was three times promoted for gallant conduct; was mustered out of service in August, 1865, and became the New York representative of the Remington Arms Company; in this capacity visited many foreign countries; in 1879 removed to Seattle, Washington Territory; engaged in farming and build ing; in 1884 was appointed, by President Arthur, Governor of the Territory of Washington for the term of four years; was, for a number of years, a member of the Board of Trustees of the Wesleyan University, at which he graduated, having been elected, by the alumni, for three terms of five years each. Stahlnecker, "William G-.; was born at Auburn, Cayuga County, New York, June 20, 1849; received an academic education; settled at Yonkers, New York; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and became a member of the New York Produce Exchange; was elected Mayor of Yonkers in March, 1884, for a term of two years; was a Delegate to the Democratic State Convention in June, 1884, and also to the Demo cratic National Convention in July, 1884; in No vember, 18S4, was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Stallo, John Bernard ; was born at Sierhausen, in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, March, 16, 1823; his father was a school teacher, and from him, and a studious uncle, young Stallo acquired a fondness for physical and mathematical pursuits; at the age of eight years began ihe study of Latin, in addition to the ordinary branches; also acquired some knowledge of the French language; soon afterwards took up the study of the Greek language; at the age of fourteen was sent to an academy at Vechta, where he remained two years; in 1839 emigrated to the United States, locating at Cincinnati, Ohio; was, for a few months, employed as a teacher in a private school ; at the age of seventeen became a teacher in St. Xavier s College, at Cincinnati; at first taught German, but, in a short time, became a teacher of ancient languages and of mathematics; remained in this occupation three years, devoting his leisure hours to the study of mathematics and physics, and at the same time acquired a knowledge of the French language by association with the other teachers, many of whom were Frenchmen; from 1843 to 1847 was Professor of Mathematics and Physics in St. John s College, New York; incidentally learned the Spanish language, through many of the pupils of this institution being Cubans and South Americans; be gan the study of law in New York, during the last year of his professorship; in 1847 resigned, and, re turning to Cincinnati, entered the Law School there as a student; graduated in 1849; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Cincinnati, in 1853 was appointed, by the Governor of Ohio, one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas and Dis trict Court, to fill a vacancy; in the fall of the same year was elected to the position; in 1855 resigned, and resumed the practice of his profession at Cincin nati; had previously acted with the Democratic party, but objected to the slavery plank of the party platform, in 1856, and joined the Eepublican party; was a Republican nominee for Presidential Elector in that year, but was defeated; in 1872 was Chair man of the "Reunion and Reform" Convention; in 1876 returned to the Democratic fold; in June, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Italy; was a frequent contributor to scientific and literary periodicals, and was the author of "General Principles of the Philosophy of Na ture," and The Concepts and Theories of Modern Physics." Stallworth, James A.; was born in Conecuh County, Alabama, April 7, 1822; received an academic education; studied law; served in the Legislature during the years 1845, 1846, 1847, and 1848; was twice elected Solicitor for his District; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, but withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion. Stanard, Edwin O.; was born in Newport, New Hampshire, January 5, 1832; removed to the Territory of Iowa with his parents; received a com mon school education; went to St. Louis, Missouri; taught school three winters in Illinois, and attended school in St. Louis during the summer; in 1855 ob tained a clerkship; in 1856 opened a commission house, and soon had branch houses in Chicago and New Orleans; in 1865 went also into the milling busi ness; was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Missouri, in 1868; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Stanbery, Henry ; was born in the City of New York, February 20, 1803; emigrated to Ohio in 1814; graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in September, 1819; studied law, and came to the baro/ Ohio in May, 1824, and to the bar of the United States Supreme Court in December, 1832; was elect ed by the Assembly of Ohio the first Attorney-Gen eral of that State in 1846; in July, 1866, was appoint ed, by President Johnson, Attorney-General of the United States; on March 12, 1868, resigned the posi tion of Attorney-General for the purpose of defend ing President Andrew Johnson during his impeach ment trial. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 471 Stanberry, William ; was born in Essex Coun ty, New Jersey; resided in Licking County; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1827 to 1833; he is remembered as the member upon whom a personal assault was made by Sam Houston, in 1832, for words uttered in debate. Standeford, Elisha D.; was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, December 28, 1831; received a good education; studied medicine, and graduated in 1853; was a banker, manufacturer, and farmer; was elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1871 ; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Standifer, James; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1837. Died near Kingston, Ten nessee, August 24, 1836. Stanford, Leland ; was born in Albany County, New York, March 9, 1824; received an academic education; studied law at Albany, New York; in 1849 was licensed to practice law in the Supreme Court of the State of New York; removed to Port Washington, in the Northern part of the State of Wisconsin, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession for four years; a fire in the Spring of 1852 destroying his law library and other property, he went to California, where he became associated in business with his brothers, three of whom had pre ceded him to the Pacific Coast; was, at first, in busi ness at Michigan Bluffs; in 1856 removed to San Francisco to on gage in mercantile pursuits on a large scale; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; in 1861 was elected Governor of California, and served from December, 1861, to De cember, 1863; as President of the Central Pacific Railroad Company superintended its construction over the mountains, building 530 miles of it in 293 days; became interested in other railroads on the Pacific Slope, in agriculture, and in manufactures; in 1885 was elected United States Senator from California for the term of six vears from March 4, 1886. Stanford, Richard; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1797 to 1816. Died April 9, 1816, in Georgetown, District of Colum bia, aged forty-seven years. Stanley, Edward; was born in North Carolina; received a portion of his education at the Military Academy at Middletown, Connecticut; studied law; served three years in the House of Commons of North Carolina, and was Speaker of that body; was a Representative from North Carolina to the Twenty- fifth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Thirtieth, Thir ty-first and Thirty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, and as a leader of his party in debate ; removed to California, where he de voted himself to the practice of law; was recalled from there by President Lincoln, in 1862, to assume the duties of Military Governor of North Carolina; acted in this capacity for some months, when he re signed and returned to California. Died at San Francisco, July 26, 1872. Stanley, John; was born in North Carolina; "was a distinguished member of the Legislature of North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1801 to 1803, and again from 1809 to 1811; was an able and eloquent debater, greatly respected for his talents and private char acter; while delivering a speech in the Legislature in 1826, was seized with an attack of hemiplegy, from the effects of which he suffered until his death, August 3, 1834, at Newberne, North Carolina. Stanton, Benjamin ; was born at Mount Pleas ant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 4, 1809; lived on a farm until the age of seventeen, and then worked at the trade of a tailor until he was twenty-one ; stud ied law, and settled in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in April, 1834, where he practiced his profession; was elected to the State Senate in 1841 ; resigned in 1842, but was re-elected the same year; in 1850 was a Delegate to the Ohio "Constitutional Convention"; in October of that year, was elected to the House of Represent atives of the Thirty-second Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses; was one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Military Af fairs; in 1862 was Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio. Stanton, Ed-win M.; was born at Steubenville, Ohio, December 19, 1814; graduated at Kenyon Col lege; studied law, and commenced its practice at Cadez, Ohio; subsequently settled in his native town ; in 1842 was elected, by the Legislature, Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held for three years; in 1848 formed a law partnership at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, but continued his business before the courts of Ohio; soon afterwards began to be much em ployed in the Supreme Court of the United States, which compelled him to remove to Washington in 1857; in 1858 was sent, by the Government, to California to defend its inter ests in certain important land cases in that State; in December, 1860, went into President Buchanan s Cabinet as Attorney-General, holding that office until the close of the Administration, when he resumed the practice of his profession; in January, 1862, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of War, and was continued in that position by President Johnson until August 12, 1867, when he was sus pended by the President, but, by order of the Senate, was re-instated in office, January 14, 1868: on the 21st of February following, President Johnson made a second effort to remove him, but, by the direction of the Senate, he continued in office; in 1867 received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. ; resigned the War portfolio in May, 1868; in 1869 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died December 24 of the same year. Stanton, Frederick P.; was born in the Dis trict of Columbia; as a boy, worked with his father at the business of bricklaying; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1855; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Kansas in 1858; subsequently settled in Washington City as a lawyer; his brother, Richard H. Stanton, was also a member of Congress. Stanton, Joseph ; was born in Rhode Island; was, for many years, a leading politician; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 1793, and a Representative in Congress from 18U1 to 1807. Stanton, Richard H. ; was born at Alexandria, Virginia. September 9, 1812; was educated at the Hallowell Academy in that place; under instructions from his father, acquired the trade of a bricklayer; in 1835 removed to Maysville, Kentucky, where he studied law; came to the bar, and practiced his pro fession; in 1845 was appointed Postmaster of Mays ville; in 1849 was elected a Representative in Con gress, where he served through three terms, until 472 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 1855, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Pub lic Buildings, and takint* a leading part in securing the appropriations for the extension of the Capitol was also Chairman of the Committee on Elections, and of several Special Committees; when passing down Pennsylvania Avenue with his colleagues, hac a hahit of pointing out the various houses, the brick? ,of which had been laid by his own hands; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector, and a Delegate to the " National Union Convention "; in 1858 was elected State s Attorney for his District; in 1868 was a Del egate to the New York National Convention; was elected a District Judge, which position he held for six years; subsequently, under the patronage of the State, edited the "Revised Statutes of Kentucky," and a Code of Practice, " and wrote several other law books which were popular. Stanton, William H.; was elected a, Represent ative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Winthrop W. Ketcham, taking his seat December 4. 1876. Starin, John H.; was born at Sammonsville, New York, August 27, 1825; received an academic education; studied medicine; engaged in the drug and medicine business at Fultonville, New York; was Postmaster at that place from 1848 to 1852; in 1856 became largely interested in the business of transportation; became a Director in two banks, and also gave some attention to farming and stock- raising; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Stark, Benjamin ; was born in the City of New Orleans, June 2(i, 1820; received an academic educa tion in New London, Connecticut, and a commercial education in the City of New York; in 1845 settled in Oregon, and established commercial relations with the Sandwich Islands, and with California, then a Mexican Province; in that year erected, on the ground where Portland, Oregon. n:nv stands, the first building constructed in that place, which was a log trading-house; in 1850 abandoned commercial pursuits; studied law. and came to the bar in 1351; in 1852 was a member of the Territorial Legislature of Oregon ; in 18iJO was a member of the State Legis lature of that State; was a Senator in Congress from Oregon during parts of the years 18(il and 18:12, in the Thirty-seventh Congress;" was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention" of 1884 and the New York Convention of 1868. Starkweather, David A.; was born in Con necticut; was a lawyer by profession; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 18:5!) to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1847; was a Presi dential Elector in 1848; was Minister to Chili from 1854 to 1857. Starkweather, George A.; was born in Con necticut; was a Representatives in Congress from New York from 1847 to 184y, and was a member of the Committee on Accounts. Starkweather, Henry H.; was born in Preston New London County, Connecticut, April 29 1826- adopted the profession of the law; served in the State Legislature; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Con vent -.on" of 1860; in 1861 was appointed Postmaster t Norwich, which office he held until 1865, when he was re-appointed, but resigned on the accession of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency; was subsequent ly made Cluurman of the Republican State Commit tee, and also a member of the Republican National Executive Committee: in 18(37 was elected a Repre sentative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Ex penditures in the Treasury Department; was re- elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia during the important improvements made in Washington^ Died in Washington, after a brief illness, Januarv 28, 1876. Starr, John F.; was born at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, in 1818; removed to New Jersey in 1844; engaged in business pursuits; in 18;>3 was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures and that on Public Buildings and Grounds; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, on Public Buildings and Grounds, and the Postal Railroad to New York; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Con vention" of 1866. St. Glair, Arthur; was born at Thurso. Caith ness County, Scotland, in 1734: was educated at the University of Edinburgh; studied medicine with John Hunter; inherited a fortune; came to America in 1758; was with Amherst at the capture of Louis- burg; distinguished himself as a Lieutenant under Wolfe, at Quebec; resigned from the army in 1762. and in 1764 settled in Pennsylvania, where he erected mills; in 1770 was made a District Surveyor and Justice of Common Pleas; in 1771 was appointed to a number of local positions in Westmoreland County: in 1775 became a Colonel of Militia, and went to Fort Pitt to treat with the Indians; in 1776 was or dered to Canada; acquitted himself with great abil ity, rose to the rank of Major-General. and then re signed all his civil offices; at once joined General Washington; took a leading part in the battles of Princeton, Ticonderoga, and Brandy wine; assisted Sullivan against the Six Nations; was a Commissioner to arrange a cartel with the British in 1780; was a member of the court martial which condemned Major Andre; after performing many other duties, partici pated in the capture of Corn wallis, at Yorktown; was also a member of the Pennsylvania Council of Cen sors; was a Delegate to Congress in 1785; was chosen President of the same in 1787; was made a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1786; was appointed Governor of the North-west Territory in 1788; made an Indian treaty in 1789; located the city of Cincinnati, and gave it its name; was ap pointed General-in-Chief of the army in 1791 ; re signed in 1792; was twice court-martialed, but, both tunes honorably acquitted: passed the latter years of his life in a log cabin; in 1813 was voted an annuity by Pennsylvania; received a pension of sixty dollars per month from Congress. Died at Greensbura Pennsylvania, August 31, 1818. He published a narrative of his campaign of 1791, and a memoir ol his life was published by A. T. Goodman. Stearns, Ashael; was born at Lunenburg Mas sachusetts, in 1774; graduated at Cambridge Uni versity m 1797; was educated as a lawyer; prac- ed, with success, for many years, at Chelmsford; was several years County Attorney for Middlesex mnty; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1815 to 1817; was appointed Profes- r of Law at Cambridge in 1817, and continued in the office until 1829, when he resigned; in 1824 pub lished a volumeon "Real Actions "a learned work; was afterwards appointed one of the Commissioners for revising the statutes of the Commonwealth; after this work was completed his health declined, and he BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 473 continued very feeble until his decease. Died at Cambridge, Massachusetts. February 5, 1839. Stearns, M. L.; was Governor of Florida from 1874 to 1877. Stearns, Onslow ; was born in New Hampshire; became very prominent in the politics of his native State; in 1869 was elected Governor of New Hamp shire; was re-elected in 1870. Died at his home, in New Hampshire, December 28, 1878. Stebbins, Henry G.; was born in the city of New York in 1812; received a good education; was educated to the business of banking; was at one time Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of New York Mili tia; was one of the Park Commissioners of New York City, and was, for a long time, President of the Board of Commissioners; was one of the originators, and President, of the Dramatic Fund Association, and an active manager of the New York Academy of Music; in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Ways and Means; in October, 1864, re signed his seat in Congress, because he had declared himself in favor of the War, and therefore supposed that he did not represent the peace principles of hia constituents. Stedman, "William; was born in Massachu setts, in 1765; graduated at Harvard University in 1784; came to the bar in 1787; was a lawyer of ex tensive practice; was, for several years. Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court at Worcester, Massachusetts; iu 1802 was a Representative in the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1803 to 1810. Died at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1831. Steele, George W.; was born in Fayette County, Indiana, December 13, 1839; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 18(>1 : enlisted in the Union Army in 1861, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1866 was commissioned a First-Lieutenant in the Fourteenth United States Infantry: resigned in 1876; returned to Indiana, and engaged in farming and the business of packing pork; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty -ninth Con gresses. Steele, John ; was born at Salisbury, North Carolina, November 1, 1764; was reared a merchant, but turned his attention to agricultural pursuits; served a number of years in the Stat:- Legislature, part of the time as Speaker; was a member of the State Convention to consider the Constitution of the United States; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac; in 1806 was a Commissioner to adiust the boundaries between the States of North and South Carolina; was a General of the Militia; held the office of First Comptroller of the Treasury under Presidents Washington and Adams; on Aug ust 14, 1814 was again elected to the Legislature, but on that day he died. Steele, John B.; was born at Delhi, Delaware County, New York, March 28, 1814; was educated at Delaware Academy and at Williams College, Massa chusetts; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839; in 1841 was appointed District Attorney for Otsego County; in 1847 removed to Kingston, Ulster County, and there practiced his profession; in 1850 was elected Special Judge of that County; in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and on Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, again serving on the Committees for the Dis trict of Columbia, and on Expenditures in the War Department; was killed by being thrown from a car riage, in Kingston, -New York, September 24, 1866. Steele, John H.; was born in North Carolina in 1792; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1844 to 1846. Died at Peterborough, New Hampshire, July 3, 1865. Steele, John N.; was born in Maryland; was a Presidential Elector in 1832; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1835 to 1837. Steele, "Walter Leak ; was born at Steele s Mills, (now Little s Mills), North Carolina, April 18, 1S23; received a collegiate education, graduating at the University of North Carolina in 1844; studied and practiced law; was elected to the State House of Commons in 1846, 1848, 1850, and 1854, and to the State Senate in 1852 and 1858; was a Delegate to the Democratic; National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860; was Secretary of the State Seces sion Convention of 18:il; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-fifth and Forty- sixth Congi esses; declined a re-nomination. Steele, "William G.; was born in Somerset County, New Jersey, December 17, 1820; was edu cated at the Somerville Academy; entered early into the mercantile business, to which he subsequently added that of banking; was, for several years, ap pointed, by the Governor of the State, a State Di rector for the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-sev enth Congress, serving on the Select Committee on Army Contracts; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Accounts, and Enrolled Bills; was also a Delegate to the " Chi cago Convention of 1864. Steele, William B.; was born in New York City, July 24, 1842; received a good education; stud ied law; served in the army as private and commis sioned officer during the late war, but chiefly as a staff-officer in the Army of the Potomac; was elected to the Legislative Council of Wyoming Territory in 1871: was elected to the Forty-third Congress as the Delegate from the Territory of Wyoming, and was re-elected to the Forty -fourth Congress. Steenrod, Lewis; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress irom that State, serving from 1839 to 1845. Stenger, William S.; was born at London, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, February 13, 1840; graduated at Franklin and Marshall College; adopted the profession of the law; was assistant editor of a newspaper in Chambersburg; was a candidate for the State Legislature, but was defeated: served, for a time, as District Attorney for Franklin County, Penn sylvania; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsv vania to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Stephens, Abraham P.; was born in New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Stephens, Alexander H.; was born in Talia- ferro County, Georgia, February 11, 1812; was left an orphan at the age of fourteen, when kind friends, un : 474 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. solicited, furnished him with the means to obtain a education, all of which he subsequently returnee with interest; prepared himself for college in nin months, and graduated at Franklin College in 1835 studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1834 after paying his debts, his first earnings were de voted to redeeming from the hands of strangers th Home of his childhood, which had been sold after hi lather s death; in 1836 was elected to the Lowe House of the State Legislature, where he served fiv years, devoting himself especially to the internal in terests of his native State; in 1839 was chosen i Delegate to the "Commercial Convention" a Charleston, where he is said to have made a deep im pression by his peculiar eloquence; in 1842 was elected to the Senate of his State; in 1843 was electee a Representative in Congress from Georgia, to which position he was regularly re-elected to the close o: the Thirty-fifth Congress; served on many Commit tees, and it was while he officiated as Chairman o: the Committee on Territories, that the Territories o: Minnesota and Oregon were admitted into the Union became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and was chosen Vice-President and member of Congres: of the so-called u Southern Confederacy"; was sub sequently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort Warren; was released by order of President John son; in 1866 was chosen a Delegate to the Philadel phia " National Union Convention," but did not at tend its sessions; in 1866 was elected a Senator in Congress, but was not admitted; was subsequently elected a Representative to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; in 1882 was elected Governor of Georgia, and resigned his seat in Congress to assume his gubernatorial duties. Died at Atlanta, Georgia, March 4, 1883. Stephens, John Lloyd ; was born at Shrews bury, New Jersey, November 28. 1805; graduated at Columbia College in 1822; studied at the Litchfield Law School, and practiced law in New York City about eight years; from 1834 to 1836 visited Europe and Egypt, and in 1837 published "Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland"; in 339 was appointed Special Ambassador to Central America, and on his return published " Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan," and in 1843 another work on Yucatan; was a Di rector of the Ocean Steam Navigation Company, which established the first American line of trans- Atlantic steamers, and went to Europe as the repre sentative of the Company, on the trial trip of its first vessel, the Washington; the latter part of his life was devoted to the construction of the Panama Railroad of which he was President; in 1846 was a Delegate to tjie State Constitutional Convention of New York. Stephens, Philander ; was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1829 to 1833. Died at Springfield Penn sylvania, July 8, 1842, aged fifty-four years. Stephens, William; was a citizen of Georgia- in 1801 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia. Stephenson, Benjamin; was a Delegate in Congress, from Illinois Territory, from 1814 to 181(> when he was appointed Receiver of Public Monevs at Edwardsville, Illinois. Stephenson, Isaac ; was born near Frederick- ton, York County, New Brunswick, June 18, 1829- received a common school and academic education; in 1845 removed to Milwaukee. Wisconsin; engaged in the lumber business at Escanaba, Michigan; in 1858 removed to Marinette, Wisconsin, continuing in the lumber business; was President of the Stepheuson Banking Company for seven years; was a Director in the Sturgeon Bay Canal Company ; was President of the Menomonee River Manufacturing Company, and of the North Ludington Company, one of the oldest lumber companies in the Northwest; held various local offices; was a Representative in the State Legis lature in 1866 and 1868; was a Delegate to the Re publican National Convention of 188 J; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Con gress. Stephenson, James ; was born at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, March 20. 1764; removed to Virginia at an early day; commanded a company in the cam paign of General St. Clair; was present at the quell ing of the Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania, and was promoted to the office of Brigade Inspector; served for many years as a Delegate to the Vir ginia Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1822 to 1825. Died in August. 1833. Stephenson/ James S.; was born in York County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress in Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Died at Pittsburgh, October 17, 1831. Stephenson, John GK; was born in New Hamp shire; removed to Indiana; in 1861 was appointed, Tom that State, Librarian of Congress, serving as such until the appointment of A. R. Spofford, in 1865. Sterigere, John B.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831, and a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Sterling, Ansel ; was a native of New London ounty, Connecticut; was a Representative in Con fess from that State from 1821 to 1825. Sterling-, Micah ; was born at Lyme, Connecti- .ut, in 1781 ; graduated at Yale College in 1804; re moved to the State of New York, and was for some ears a member of the Legislature; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. Died at Water- town, New York, April 10, 1844. Sterrett, Samuel ; was a member of the House f Representatives of the United States from Mary- and from l*yi to 1793. Died at Baltimore, July 12 833, aged seventy-seven years. Stetson, Charles ; was born in New Ipswich Vew Hampshire, November 7, 1801; in 1802 removed! with his parents, to Hampden, Maine; graduated at Yale College in 1823; studied law, and practiced the jssion until 1833 when he moved to the City of iangor; m 1834 was appointed Judge of the lumcipal Court of that city; subsequently held the ffice ol Clerk of all the Judicial Courts for the .ounty ol Penobscot; in 1845 was elected a member the Executive Council of the State, and re-elected hree years m succession; in 1*48 was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-first Con- Coinnerc<i - ^BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 475 Stetson, Lemuel; was born in New York; adopted the profession of the law; served three years \n the Assembly of that State; was a Kepresentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; was County Judge of Clinton County from 1847 to 1851. Stevens, Aaron F.; was born at Deny, New Hampshire, August 9, 1819; was educated at Pink- erton Academy; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845, locating at Nashua, New Hampshire; in 1849 was elected to the State Legislature; was re- elected; served five years as a State Solicitor; in 1861 entered the Volunteer army as Major in the First New Hampshire Infantry; was promoted in 1862, and as Colonel served through the war; was wounded at Fort Harrison in 1864, and for his gallantry was, soon afterwards, brevetted a Brigadier-General; was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Union Prisoners, Revolutionary Claims, Naval Affairs, and Patents. Stevens, Bradford N.; was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, January 3, 1813; studied one year in Le Petit Seminaire, at Montreal, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835; was a teacher six years; in 1843 removed to Bureau County, Illinois, where he was active in the promotion of internal im provements; was Chairman of the Board of Super visors in 1868; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Stevens, Hestor L.; was born at Lima, Liv ingston County, New York, in October, 1803; re ceived a classical education; adopted the profession of the law; was, for several years, connected with the press in Rochester, New York; removed to Mich igan; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Died at Georgetown, District of Columbia, May 7, 1864. Stevens, H. S.; was born at Weston, Vermont, in 1832; received a common school education; in 1851 removed to New Mexico; in 1856 located in that portion now Arizona; was a Representative in the Territorial Legislature of Arizoua from 1868 to 1873; was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. Stevens, Isaac I.; was born at North Andover, Massachusetts, in 1818; graduated at the West Point Military Academy in 1839, and entered the Corps of Engineers, in which service he continued until 1853 ; was at the siege of Vera Cruz under General Scott; fought in several subsequent battles; was severely wounded in the final assault upon the City of Mex ico, and was twice brevetted for gallant services; served for a time as au assistant in the Coast Survey Office in Washington City; in 1853 was appointed Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory of Washington; this office he resigned in 1857, having previously been elected a Delegate to Congress from Washington Territory, where he continued to serve until the breaking out of the Re bellion, in 1861; when Governor of Washington Territory, traveled throughout its whole extent, and, as Commissioner, made many treaties with the In dian tribes; in September, 1861, was appointed a Brigadier-General in the Volunteer service; was killed in battle at Bull Run, Virginia, in 1862. Stevens, James ; was born at Fairfield, Con necticut, in 1768; served in Congress as a Repre sentative from that State, from 1819 to 1821, voting with the South on the Missouri Compromise; in 1822 ,vas appointed Postmaster at Stamford. Died at that place in April, 1835. Stevens, John Leavitt; was born at Mount Vernou, Kennebec County, Maine, Augustl, 1820; was educated at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, and the Waterville Liberal Institute; studied theology, and, at the age of twenty-four, was ordained a minister of the Universalist Church; after ten years service, was compelled, by ill-health, to abandon the minis try; then became associated with James G. Elaine in the ownership and management of the Kennebec Journal newspaper, at Augusta, Maine, in which he continued for thirteen years as editor-in-chief; was a member of the first Republican State Convention held in Maine; was Chairman of the Republican State Committee from 1855 to 1860; served five years in the State Legislature, three years in the Lower House, and two years in the Senate; was United States Min ister to Uruguay and Paraguay from 1870 to 1873, when he resigned and returned home; in 1877 was appointed, by the President, United States Minister to Sweden and Norway, which post he resigned in 1883, and returned to his home in Maine; in 1882 re ceived, from Tuft s College, the degree of LL.D. Stevens, Robert S.; was born at Attica, New York, March 27, 1824; received an academic educa tion; studied law; removed to Kansas in 1856; was admitted to the bar and engaged in practice; was elected a State Senator in 1862; removed to Missouri in 1870, and engaged in the construction and man agement of railroads; in 1879 returned to his native place and settled there; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. Stevens, Samuel; was Governor of Maryland from 1822 to 1826. Stevens, Thaddeus; was born in Caledonia County, Vermont, April 4, 1792; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1814; during that year removed to Pennsylvania; studied law and taught in an acad emy at the same time; in 1816 was admitted to the bar in Adams County, Pennsylvania; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature, and was again elected in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1841; in 1836 was elected a member of the Convention to revise the State Con stitution; in 1838 was appointed a Canal Commis sioner; in 1842 removed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses; in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, during which he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, having previously served on various im portant Committees; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, again serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on the Pacific Railroad; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Conven tion " of 1864; was re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, as a member of the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committees on a Postal Railroad to New York, on Reconstruction, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy alists Convention " of 1860; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Reconstruction, and also of that on Appropriations; in 1867 received, from Middlebury College, the degree of LL. D. ; was also one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson. Died in Washington, August 11, 1868. Stevenson, Adlai B.; was born in Christian County, Kentucky, October 23, 1835; removed to 476 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Bloomington, Illinois, when sixteen years of age was educated at the Illinois Wesleyan University, and at Centre College, Kentucky; studied law al BloomiDgton, and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-two; in 1859 removed to Woodlbrd Coun ty, Kentucky; held the office of Master in Chancery from 1861 to 1865; was elected State s Attorney ol the Twenty-third Judicial District in 1864. and held the office lour years; was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the McClellan ticket in 1864; resumed the practice of law in Bloomington in 1868; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Illinois to tiie Forty-fourth Congress ; was a member of the Board of Visitors to West Point Military Academy in 1877; in 1878 was elected a Representative to the Forty-sixth Congress; in 1882 was again elected a Representative to the Forty-eighth Congress; on July 3, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, First Assistant Postmaster-General. Stevenson, Andrew ; was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, in 1784; entered public life in 1804 as a member of the State Legislature, where, for sev eral sessions, he was elected Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834; during the Twentieth, Twenty- first, and Twenty-second Congresses, from 1828 to 1834 was Speaker of the House; in 1836 was ap pointed Minister to Great Britain, and remained there until succeeded by Mr. Everett, in 1841 ; after his return to America, devoted himself chiefly to agricultural pursuits, and to the interests of the Uni versity of Virginia, of which institution he was Rec tor at the time of his death; as a friend and neigh- tor he was much beloved. Died at Blenheim, Albe- marle County, Virginia, January 25, 1857. Stevenson, Edward A.; was born at Lowville, Lewis County, New York, June 14, 1831; removed, with his parents, to Washtenaw County, Michigan, in 1831), and settled on a farm; was educated in the common schools and at Grass Lake Academy, Michi gan ; in 1849 emigrated to El Dorado County, Cali fornia, and engaged in mining; in 1851 was elected a Justice of the Peace; in 1853 was elected a Repre sentative in the California Legislature; was the only one of eight Representatives from the same county who was re-elected in 1854; in 1856 removed to Te- hama County, California, and settled on a farm; in 1858, during his absence from home, his house was set on fire by Indians, and his wife and three chil dren were burned with the building; in 185!) Mr. Stevenson was again elected a Representative in the Legislature, and at the session of 18HO was elected Speaker pro tern, of the House; in 1863 removed to Boise County, Idaho, where he engaged in farmiu^- and mining, and was very successful; in 18 J4 was elected a Justice of the Peace; in 1866 was elected a member of the Territorial Council of Idaho; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867; the same year was elected County Commissioner, serving three years; in 1874 was elected a member of the Territo rial Assembly, and was unanimously elected Speaker of the Assembly; in 1876 was again elected to the Territorial Council for two years: in September 1885 was appointed, by President Cleveland, Governor of the Territory of Idaho, an appointment which was heartily approved by the citizens of the Territory regardless of party affiliations. Stevenson, Job E.; was born in Ross County Ohio, February 10, 1831; received a limited educal rnl-^Mf 1 ^Pro/eswon of the law; was Solicitor of Chilhcothe. Ohio, from 1*5!) to 1862; was a State Senator from 1863 to 1865, when he removed to Cin oumati; was selected to pronounce the address over the remains of President Lincoln when they arrived at Columbus; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Mileage, and Elections; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Stevenson, John W.; was born at Richmond, Virginia, in 1813; was the son of Andrew Stevenson; graduated at the University of Virginia; read law, and settled in Covingtou, Kentucky, in 1841; prac ticed his profession with success; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature in 1845, 1846, and 1847; in 1849 was elected to the "State Constitutional Con vention," in which he took a leading part; was a member of the Democratic National Conventions of 1848, 1852, and 1856; was twice a Senatorial Elector; was one of the three Commissioners appointed to re vise the Civil and Criminal Code of Kentucky; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Elections; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the same committee; was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion "of 1866; in 1867 was elected Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Kentucky, and acted as Governor; in 1871 entered the United States Senate for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary and Appropriations. Died at his home, August 10, 1886. Stevenson, William E.; was Governor of West Virginia from 1869 to 1871. Stewart, Alexander ; was Judge of the United States for the Territory of Illinois, and held the po sition until the organization of the State Govern ment, in 1818. Stewart, Andrew ; was born in Fayette Coun ty, Pennsylvania, in June, 1792; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature, and served three years; was appointed, by President Monroe, District Attorney for Western Pennsylvania; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to 1835, and from 1843 to 1847; in Congress, and out of it, was ever a warm advocate of what is known as the "American Protective System," and was subse quently devoted chiefly to the congenial pursuits of agriculture, though paying some attention to the business of manufacturing. Died at Uniontown Pennsylvania, July 16, 1872. Stewart, Archibald ; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785 to nil a temporary vacancy. Stewart, Charles ; was born at Memphis, Ten nessee, May 30, 1836; removed, with his parents, to Galveston, Texas, in 1845, and to Houston, Texas, 48; was educated in such schools as those towns then contained; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, by the State Supreme Court, in 1854; settled at Marlm, Texas, in the practice of his profession; was District Attorney of the Thirteenth Judicial Dis trict from 1857 to 1861; was a member of the Seces- -sion Convention of 1861; in 1866 removed to Hous ton, Texas; was City Attorney in 1872; served two ;ernis as a State Senator; was elected a Representa- ;ive from Texas to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Stewart, David ; was a lawyer by profession: was a Senator in Congress from Maryland from De cember 6, 1849, to January 12, 1850, by Executive ippointment, in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 477 was a Commissioner of Public Buildings for the Dis trict of Columbia. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, January 6, 1858. Stewart, Jacob H.; was born at Clermont, New- York, January 15, 1829; removed, with his parents, to Peekskill, New York ; received an academic edu cation; graduated in medicine in 1851 at the Uni versity Medical College of New York City, and began practice at Peekskill; in 1855 removed to Minnesota; was a member of the Minnesota State Senate in 1858 and 1859; was Surgeon -General of the State from 1857 to 1863; was appointed Surgeon of the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry in 1861; was taken prisoner at the first battle of Bull Eun, but was paroled and permitted to return home; was Surgeon of the Board of Enrollment in 1864 and 1865; Post master of Saint Paul from 1865 to 1870; Mayor of Saint Paul in 1864, 1865, 1872, 1873 and 1874; was President of the Minnesota State Medical Society in 1875 and 1876; was elected* a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-fifth Congress. Stewart, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina during the years 1818 and 1819. Died in North Carolina in February, 51822, aged fifty-two years. Stewart, James A.; was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, November 24, 1808; received a good education, and studied law; served in the State Legislature; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland; was elected a Representative from Mary land to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committee. Stewart, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1800 to 1801 , for the unexpired term of T. Hartley; was re-elected to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses. Stewart, John ; was born at Chatham, Connec ticut, in 1795; was by occupation a farmer; served many years in the Connecticut Legislature ; was Judge of Middlesex County Court; was a Represent ative in Congress from Connecticut from 1843 to 1845. Died in Chatham, September 16, 1860. Stewart, John "W.; was born at Middlebury, Vermont, in 1825; graduated from Middlebury Col lege in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850 and engaged in the practice of law at Mid dlebury; was State s Attorney for his native county from 1852 to 1^55; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1856 and 1857; was a State Senator in 1862 and 1863; was again in the Assembly in 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867; was Governor of the State Ironi 1870 to 1872; was again a Representative in the Leg islature in 1876 and 1877; was elected a Representa tive from Vermont to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Stewart, Thomas E.; was born in New York City. September 22, 1821; received a good education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845; in 1854 was elected a Commissioner of Common Schools; in 1864 and 1865 was elected a member of the State As sembly; in 1866 was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Stewart, "William ; wa6 born in the town of Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, September 16, 1811; was educated at Jefferson College, in that State; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1835; was a member of the State Senate of Pennsyl vania for three years; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress: was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Expenses in the War Department, and on Agriculture. Stewart, William M.; was born in Wayne County, New York, August 9, 1827; removed, with his father, to Ohio in 1835; left home in his thir teenth year, and prepared himself for college, chiefly in New York; entered Yale College in 1848. where he remained eighteen months, and then left for the gold fields of California; spent two years in the min ing business; in 1852 commenced reading law; dur ing that year was appointed District Attorney for the County of Nevada, and was subsequently elected to the same office; in 1854, during the absence of the Attorney-General of California, was appointed to perform the duties of that office; next spent about eighteen months practicing his profession in San Francisco; afterwards practiced in Nevada City and Downieville; in 1860 removed to the then Territory of Utah (now Nevada); served in the Territorial Legislature in 1861; was a member of the "Consti tutional Convention" held in 1863; was elected a Senator in Congress from Nevada for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Public Lands, Pacific Railroad, and Mines and Mining; in 1865 received, from Yale College, the degree of Master of Arts; was re-elected for the term ending in 1875, and was Chairman of the Committee on Railroads. Stiles, George P.; was born in New York; re moved to Iowa; in 1854 was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. Stiles, John D.; was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, January 15, 1823; received an aca demic education ; studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1844; in 1853 was elected District Attorney for Lehigh County, and held the office three years; in 1856 was a Delegate to the " National Convention" which nominated Mr. Buchanan for President; was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the unex pired term of his friend, T. B. Cooper, deceased, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the State Department and Revolutionary Claims; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864, to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and to the New York Democratic Convention of 1868; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty- first Congresses. Stiles, William H.; was born at Savannah, Georgia; received a good education; adopted the pro fession of the law; in 1833 was elected Solicitor-Gen eral of the Eastern District of the State, which office he resigned in 1836; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1843 to 1845; was appointed, by President Polk, Charge d Affaires to Austria, of which country, after his return, he published a history; served as a Colonel in the great Rebellion. Died at Savannah on the 20th day of December. 1865. Stilwell, Thomas L. ; was born at Stilwell, But ler County, Ohio, August 29, 1830; was educated at Oxford and College Hill, Ohio; studied law in that State; removed to Indiana in 1852, and was admitted to the bar; in 1856 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana; was subsequently engaged in the banking business; served one year as an officer in the War foi 478 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. the Union; in 1804 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pensions; in 1867 was appointed, by President Johnson. Minister Resident to Venezuela. Was killed, by J. E. Cor- win, at Anderson. Indiana, January 14, 1874. St. John, Charles ; was born in Orange Coun ty, New York, October 8, 1818; received a good edu cation; was a merchant and lumberman; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on Public Lands and the State Department. St. John, Daniel B.; was born at Sharon, Litch- field County, Connecticut, Octobers, 1808; removed to New York; became a merchant s clerk; then fol lowed the mercantile business until 1847; in 1839 was elected to the State Legislature; served four years as a member of the Board of Supervisors for Sullivan County; was a Representative from New i York to the Thirtieth Congress; from 1819 until 1855 had charge of the Bank Department of New York ; afterwards engaged in agricultural pursuits near Newburg, New York. St. John, Henry; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1843 to 1847. St. John, John P.; was Governor of Kansas from 1879 to 1883. St. Martin, Louis ; was born in Saint Charles Parish, Louisiana, in 1820; was educated at Saint Mary s College, Missouri, and Jefferson College, Louisiana; entered a notary s office with the purpose of studying law and becoming a notary; remained until appointed to fill a vacancy in the New Orleans Post Office; in 1846 was elected a Representative in the Legislature of Louisiana; the same year was ap pointed, by President Polk, Register of the United States Land Office for the Southeastern District of Louisiana; was a second time elected to the Legisla ture; after two years service, was elected a Repre sentative from Louisiana to the Thirty-second Con gress; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1852; at the close of his term em barked m mercantile pursuits; soon thereafter was appointed Register of Voters for the City of New Or leans; in 1866 was elected to the Thirty-ninth Con- p-ess, but was denied his seat under the operation of the Reconstruction Laws; in 1868 was elected to the Forty-first Congress, but the election was declared invalid; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1868, 1876, and 1880; was a Presi dential Elector in 1H76; for several years occupied a position in the Municipal Government of New Or leans; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-ninth Congress. Stockbridge, Francis B.; was born at Bath Maine, m 18:20; in 1831 removed, with his parents to Boston, Massachusetts; received a good education- in 1847 engaged in the lumber business at Chicago Illinois; in 1850 settled at Saugatuck, Michigan- served as a Representative in the Michigan LeeTsla turem 1869; was a State Senator in 1871- in 1874 removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan; in 1875 was an rVft ty P 1 re9iden l t Grant - United States Minister to the Netherlands, but declined the honor. Stockley, Charles C.; was born at Georgetown Sussex County, Delaware, November 6, 1819- was educated in the schools of his native place and at i select private school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania- began his business career as clerk in a store in Georgetown, and afterwards filled a similar position in Philadelphia; returning to Sussex County, lie taught school from 1839 to 1846; in the latter year he engaged in business for himself at Millersborough, Sussex County, where he continued to reside until 1856; in 1852 was elected County Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1854; in 1856 was elected SheriiF of Sussex County for the term of two years, and removed to Georgetown, the County Seat; after his term ex pired he settled upon a farm, three miles from Georgetown, where he continued to reside; in 1873 was elected a State Senator for the term of four years, and, at the second session of that body, was elected Speaker; he was, for many years, a Director in the Junction and Breakwater Railroad, President of tho Breakwater and Frankford Railroad, and President of the Farmer s Bank of the State of Delaware; was always an earnest advocate of public schools, and did much to promote them in his native State; in 1882 was elected Governor of Delaware; on his elevation to this public trust he severed his official connection with the railroads above mentioned. Stockslager, Strother M.; was born at Mauck- port, Indiana, May 7, 1842; received a good educa tion; taught school; served in the Union Army dur ing the War of the Rebellion: was Deputy County Auditor two years; Deputy County Clerk two years; was Assessor of Internal Revenue; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Corydon, Indiana, and com menced practice there in 1871 ; was a State Senator from 1874 to 1878; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-seventh Congress; re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Stockton, John P.; was born at Princeton, New Jersey, August 2, 1825; his father and grandfather both served in the United States Senate, and his great-grandfather was one of the signers of the Declar ation of Independence; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1843; studied law; was licensed to practice in 846, and came to the bar in 1849; was appointed, by the Legislature of New Jersey, to revise the laws of the State; was, for several years, the Reporter in Chancery, and published three volumes, which bear his name; in 1858 was appointed, by President Bu chanan, Minister Resident to Rome, but, on the elec tion of President Lincoln, asked to be recalled; was elected a Senator in Congress from New Jersey in 1865, for the term ending in 1871, and served on the Committee on Pensions; on the question of his right to the seat in the Senate, there was a long debate, and he was admitted by a vote of twenty-two to twenty-one, the deciding vote, owing to peculiar cir cumstances, being cast by himself; the question, how ever, was reconsidered; he withdrew his vote, and then, by a vote of twenty-two to twenty-one, lost his seat, March 27, 1866; was re-elected to the Senate in I860, for the term ending in 1875, serving on various committees; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Stockton, Richard; was born at Princeton, New Jersey, October 1, 1730; graduated at Princeton .ege in 1748; adopted the profession of the law and >ecame eminent; was appointed a Judge, both under Provincial Government and after the adoption of 5 Constitution; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and signed the Declara- lon of Independence. Died February 28, 1781. His on, bearing his name, a grandson, and great-grand son, succeeded him as members in the Federal Con gress. Stockton, Richard; was born at Princeton, New Jersey, April 17, 1764; graduated at Nassau BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 479 Hall in 1779; on leaving college studied law, and was admitted to practice at the age of twenty; in 1792 and 1800 was a Presidential Elector; was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1799; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1815; in 1827 was a Commissioner for settling the boundary line between New York and New Jersey; was eminently distin guished for his talents, was an eloquent and profound lawyer, and during more than a quarter of a century was at the head of the bar in New Jersey. Died at Princeton, March 7, 1828. Stockton, Robert Field ; was born at Prince ton, New Jersey, in 1795; early in life entered the United States Navy, and was actively engaged in some of the most important naval battles during the War of 1812; commanded the American squadron on the coast of Africa, and was one of the founders of the Colony of Liberia; was one of the first of our commanders to introduce and apply steam to naval purposes the famous sloop-of-war Princeton having been built under his supervision; when war was de clared with Mexico, he was placed in command of the United States fleet in the Pacific, and performed the duties of Commodore, General, and Governor; and the foundations of religion, education and social progress were laid by his instrumentality in many of the outposts of our Western world; soon after his return from the Pacific, resigned his commission in the Navy, and devoted himself to the internal im provements of his native State; was elected United States Senator for the term from 1851 to 1857, serving as a member of several Committees; resigned in 1853; the bill to abolish flogging in the Navy was intro duced in the Senate by him; was elected a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " in 1861; was President of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company from the time he left the Senate until his death, which oc curred at Princeton, New Jersey, October 7, 1866. Stockton, Thomas ; was a Captain in the Third Artillery in 1812; was Major of the Forty-second In fantry in 1814; resigned in 1825; was Governor of Delaware from 1844 to 1846. Died at New Castle, Delaware, March 2, 1846. Stoddard, Ebenezer ; was born at West Wood stock, Connecticut, May 6, 1786; graduated at Brown University in 1806; was a lawyer by profession, and practiced extensively; was, for several years, a mem ber of the State Legislature; was Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of the State for one year; was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825. Died at Woodstock, August, 1848. Stoddart, John T.; graduated at Princeton College in 1810; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1833 to 1835, and a member of the Committees on Claims, and the District of Co lumbia. Stoddert, Benjamin; was born in Maryland; served as a Major during the Revolution; was, for many years, extensively engaged in mercantile pur suits in Georgetown, District of Columbia, where one of the streets of the town still bears his name: in May, 1798, was appointed, by President Adams, Sec retary of the Navy, and was the first man who served in that capacity; although continued in the position by President Jefferson, was superseded in January, 1802; subsequently settled in Bladensburg, Mary land, where he died at an advanced age, universally respected for his high character. Stokely, Samuel; was born in Ohio; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; served in the State Legislature; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1841 to 1843, serving on two prominent Committees. Stokes, John ; was a native of North Carolina; served as a Colonel in the Revolution and lost an arm in one of its battles; in 1790 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for North Carolina; as a mark of respect, one of the Counties of his State was named for him; was the brother of M. Stokes, one of the early Governors. Died in Lafayetteville, North Carolina, in October, 1790. Stokes, Montford ; was born in North Carolina in 1760; was, for several years, Clerk of the Superior Court; was subsequently Clerk of the State Senate, in which capacity he became so popular as to be elected to the United States Senate, which honor he declined; in 1816 was again elected United States Senator, and served until 1823; in 1826 went into the General Assembly of North Carolina as Senator; in 1829 was elected a member of the Commons; in 1830 was again elected to the Commons, and in the same year was elected Governor of the State; in 1831 was appointed, by President Jackson, Indian Agent in Arkansas, where he died in 1842. Stokes, "William B.; was born in Chatham County, North Carolina, September 9, 1814; received a limited education; devoted the greater part of his life to agricultural pursuits; served three sessions in the Legislature of Tennessee twice as a Represent ative and once as a Senator; was elected a Represent ative from Tennessee to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; during the Rebellion of 1861 served as a Colonel in the Union Army; in 1865 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the close of the first session of that Congress, when he was placed on the Committee on Elections; waa also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Con vention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Ninth Census. Stone, Alfred P.; was a merchant by occupa tion; was, at one time, Treasurer of the State of Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1844 to 1845; was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Collector of Internal Revenue. Died, by poison, at Columbus, Ohio, August 2, 1865. Stone, David ; was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, February 17, 1770; graduated at Princeton College in 1788; studied law, and rose to a high po sition at the bar; was, for four years, in the State Legislature; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of North Carolina from 1795 to 1798; was a Representa tive in Congress, from 1799 to 1801; was a Senator in Congress from 1801 to 1807; was Governor of North Carolina in 1808; served a second time as United States Senator from 1813 to 1814, which posi tion he resigned on account of disagreements with his constituents. Died October 7, 1818. Stone, Bben F.; was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1822; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1843, and in the Law School of that insti tution in 1846; commenced the practice of law at Newburyport in 1847; served terms in each branch of the State Legislature; served in the Union Army dur ing the War of the Rebellion, in command of a Regi ment; held various offices under the National Gov ernment; was Chairman of the Republican State 480 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Committee for two years; was elected a Representa tive from .Massachusetts to the Forty-seventh, Forty- eighth, ami Fort3 7 -ninth Congresses. Stone, Frederick ; was born in Maryland, his grandfather, Thomas Stone, having been in the Con tinental Congress, and another ancestor, William Stone, Deputy Governor of Maryland under Lord Baltimore; was liberally educated, chiefly in George town, District of Columbia; adopted the profession of the law; in 1851 was tendered the office of Deputy District Attorney for his County, but declined; in 1852 was appointed, by the Legislature, one of the Commissioners to revise and simplify the Rules of Reading and Practice in the Courts of Maryland; in 1855 and 1856 was a memberof the State Legislature; was elected a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1864. but declined; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Education and Labor, and the District of Columbia. Stone, James ; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from i 1843 to 1845. Stone, James W.; was born in Kentucky in 1813; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 to 1852. Died October 13, 1854. Stone, John Haskins ; was, while quite young, the first Captain in Smallwood s Regiment, at an early period of the Revolutionary War; became Colonel in 177G; resigned in 1779; distinguished himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton and Gerrnantown, in the last of which he received a wound which disabled him from further service; in 1781 was a clerk in the office of R. R. Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, was subse quently a member of the Executive Council of Mary land; was Governor of Maryland from 1794 to 1897. Died in Annapolis. Maryland, October 5, 1804 Stone, John M. ; was Governor of Mississippi from March, 1876, to January, 1882. Stone, John "W.; was born at Wadsworth, Ohio, July 18, 1838; received an academic education; re moved to Michigan in 1856; studied law; was elected County Clerk of Allegan County in 1860; was ad mitted to the bar in 1862; was again elected County Clerk in 1862; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 18fJ4, and served six years; was elected President of Allegan Village in 1872; Circuit Judge in 1873; re signed in 1874, and removed to Grand Rapids, where he practiced law ; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Stone, Joseph O., was born at Westfort New York, July 30, 1829; received a limited education at the public schools; in 1844 removed to the Territory of Iowa; studied medicine, and graduated at the Medical Department of the Saint Louis University in 1854; enlisted as a private in the First Iowa Cavalry in 1861, and became an Assistant Adjutant- General, serving until the close of the war: resumed the practice of his profession after the war; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-fifth Congress. Stone, Michael ; was born in Charles County Maryland, about the year 1750; was a Representative in Congress from his native State from 178!) to 1791 was subsequently, for many years, Judge of the Charles County Court; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; was the brother of Thomas Stone. Died in 1812. Stone, Thomas ; was born at Pointon Manor, Charles County, Maryland, in 1743; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of the law; early joined the patriots of the Revolution; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 17 9, and in 1784 and 1785; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; in 1778 was chosen to the Maryland Legislature; was elected a Delegate to the Conven tion which framed the Federal Constitution, but de clined to serve. Died October 5. 1787 Stone, William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1838 to 1839. Stone, William H.; was born at Shawangunk, New York, November 7, 1828; received a good edu cation: removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1848, and resided there as an iron manufacturer; was President of "The St. Louis Hot-pressed Nut and Bolt Com pany"; was a member of the Assembly, and of the St Louis Board of Water Commissioners; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Railroads and Canals; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committees on Manufac tures, and on Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. Stone, William J.; was born in Madison Coun ty, Kentucky, May 7, 1848; removed, with his par ents, to Missouri; was educated at the University of Missouri; studied law: was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Nevada, Missouri; was Prosecuting Attorney of Vernon County, Mis souri, in 1873 and 1874; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; in 1884 was elected a Representative from ! Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Stone, William M.; was Governor of Iowa from 1864 to 1868. Stone, W. J.; was born in Caldwell (now Lyon) County, Kentucky, June 26, 1841; was educated in the common schools and at Tyler s Institute, Cadiz Kentucky; in 1861 enlisted in the First Kentucky Confederate Cavalry, serving in that regiment the Eighth Kentucky Cavalry and the Fifth Kentucky Cavalry John H. Morgan s Brigade until 1864, when, at Cynthiana, Kentucky, he was wounded and taken prisoner: as the result of his wound his right leg was amputated near the hip ioint; was held a prisoner until the close of the war, in 1865, when he was released and returned to his home in Kentucky; in 1867 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; was again elected to the Assembly in 1875, and was chosen Speaker of the House; in 1883 was, for the third time, elected a member of the Legislature; during this term was an earue^ advo cate of prison reform, and succeeded in securing the enactment of very important legislation in this direc tion; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ken tucky to the Forty-ninth Congress. Stoneman, George ; was a conspicuous officer the Union Army during the Civil War, risin- to the rank of Major-General; after the close of the war ttled m California; in 1882 was elected Governor of that btate for four years from January, 1883. Stprer, Bellamy ; was born in Portland, Maine about the year 1798; graduated at Bowdoin College from which he subsequently received the degree of LL.D.; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, when twenty- one years of age, studied law, and practiced the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 481 profession; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to 1837; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; served three terms as a Judge of the Superior Court in the District of Cincinnati: was a Professor in the Cincinnati Law School. Died in Cincinnati, June 1, 1875. He took an interest in religious af fairs, and at the time of his death was Vice-Presi- dent of the Evangelical Alliance. Storer, Clement; was born in 1760; was a United States Senator from New Hampshire from 1817 to 1819. Died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 22, 1830. Storm, John B.; was born in Monroe County, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1838; graduated at Dickinson College in July, 1861; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1863; was appointed Su perintendent of Public Schools in 1862; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty -sec ond and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Com mittees on the Militia, Education and Labor, and National Monument; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Storrs, Henry B.; was born at Middletown. Connecticut, in 1787; graduated at Yale College in 1804; practiced law some years at Utica, New York; during his residence there was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1831; afterwards established himself in the city of New York, where he soon became eminent in his profession; was possessed of extensive and varied acquirements, un common powers of discrimination, great logical ex actness, and a ready and powerful elocution; as a de bater in Congress he stood conspicuous in the first rank. Died at New Haven, Connecticut, July 29, 1837. Storrs, William L.; was born in Middletown, Connecticut, March 25, 1795; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1814; adopted the law as a profession; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1841 ; was Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut from 1840 to 1856; was Chief Justice of that court from 1856 until his death, which occurred at Hartford, June 25, 1861; was also Professor of Law in Yale College in 1846 and 1847. Story, Joseph ; was born at Marblehead, Mas sachusetts, September 18, 1779; graduated at Harvard University in 1798; studied law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1805, and was elected Speak er; during the years 1808 and 1809 was a Represent ative in Congress; in 1811 was appointed, by Presi- I dent Madison, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he held until his death; i he acquired a large fortune from his practice as a law yer, and it is said that his income from the sale of i his legal writings, which were numerous and of the ! highest order, numbering twenty-seven volumes, with thirty-four volumes of Decisions, amounted to ten thousand dollars per annum; in 1830 was ap- i pointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Harvard University; subsequently published his " Cornment- i aries on the Constitution of the United States "; in i early life was a writer of poetry, and in his latter year was considered, even in England, " the first of living writers on law " ; received the degree of LL.D. from the College? of Harvard, Brown, and Dart mouth. Died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, Septem ber 10, 1845. His life was published by his son, W. W. Story, in 1851. 31 Story, William ; was an early emigrant to Ar- I kansas; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for thtt Territory. Stoughton, E. W\; was born in Windsor Coun ty, Vermont, in 1818; received a collegiate educa tion; removed to New York City in 1837; studied law; in 1840 was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law in New York; attained to eminence in his profession and became prominent in politics; in 1877 was appointed, by President Hayes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Russia; resigned in 1879, and resumed the practice of his profession. Died January 7, 1882. Stoughton, William L.; was born in New York, March 20, 1827; studied law, and, on coming to the bar, settled in Sturges, Michigan, in 1851; from 1856 to 1860 was Prosecuting Attorney; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States District Attorney for Michigan, which office he soon resigned; entered the Volunteer Army as Lieutenant- Colonel; was promoted Colonel, and commanded in all the operations of his regiment until wounded at Atlanta; wasbrevetted a Brigadier-General for " gal lantry on the field," and after the war was brevetted a Major-General; had the credit of firing the last gun at Chickamauga; commanded a brigade at Mission Ridge and in the Atlanta campaign ; lost a leg by a cannon ball at Rupps Station, in front of Atlanta; in 1866 was elected Attorney -General of Michigan; in 1868 was elected a Representative from that State to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Revolutionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on important committees. Stout, Jacob ; while holding the position of Lieutenant-Governor of Delaware, in 18:20, was Act ing Governor of that State, serving one year. Stout, Lansing; was born at Pamelia, New York, March 27, 1828; received a limited education: commenced active life by working on a farm and teaching school; became a Superintendent of Public Schools, and studied law; went to California in 1851; in 1856 was elected to the California Legislature; in 1857 went to Oregon and turned his attention to the practice of law; in 1858 was elected Judge of Mult- nomah County; before the close of that year was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures in the State Department, and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States; subsequently served in the State Legis lature. Died in 1870. Stover, John H.; was born in Aaronsbnrg, Cen ter County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1833; received a good English education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1857; in 1858 was chosen District Attor ney for Center County; in 1861 entered the Volun teer Army as a private; was at once made a Captain; served as Major of the One Hundred and Sixth Regi ment of Pennsylvania Volunteers until 1864; was then Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment until the close of the war; participated in the battle of Yorktown, the Seven Days battles, and those of Fredericksburg, Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and was present at the final surren der of the Confederate forces; was several times hon orably mentioned by his superiors in command; after the war removed to Missouri; was elected a Repre sentative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. W. McClurg, serving on the Committee on Elections. 482 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Stow, Silas ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813. Stowell, William H. H.; was born at Windsor, Vermont, July 26, 1840; was educated at the high schools of Boston, Massachusetts; engaged in mer cantile business; settled in Virginia in 1865; was ap- pointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District in 1869; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Stower, John GK; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1827 to 1829; was a State Senator from Madison County in 1833 and 1834. Strader, Otto; was an early emigrant to Louis iana; in 1806 was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Louisiana. Strader, P. W.; was born in Warren, New Jer sey, November 6, 1818; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, with his parents, in 1819, going down the great river in a flat boat; spent three years of his boyhood in a printing office; served as a clerk in Easton, Pennsyl vania, but returned to Ohio in 1835; from that year until 1848 served as a clerk and an engineer on the steamboats of the Ohio; was a general ticket agent for the Little Miami Railroad for many years, re signing the position in 1867; in 1868 was elected a Kepresentative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Coins, Weights and Measures, and Interior Department. Strait, Horace B. ; was born in Potter County, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1835; received a good ed ucation; removed to Indiana in 1846, and to Minne sota in 1855; entered the Union Army in 1862 as Captain of Infantry; was promoted, serving at the close of the war as Inspector-General oa the staff of General Me Arthur; was elected Mayor of Shakopee in 1870, and re-elected in 1871 and 1872; was one of the Trustees of the Minnesota Hospital for the Insane; was engaged in the manufacturing and banking business, and was President of the First National Bank of Shakopee; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Weights and Measures and Public Buildings; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was again elected a Representa tive to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Con gresses; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Stranahan, J. S. T. ; was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Strange, Robert; was born in Virginia, Sep tember 20, 1796; was educated at Hampden Sidney College; studied law, and removed to North Caro lina, where he took a high position in his profession; served a number of years in the State Legislature; in 1826 was elected a Judge of the Superior Court; held the office until elected a Senator of the United States, in 1835; resigned his seat in 1840, having re ceived from his State instructions incompatible with his ideas of duty; was subsequently appointed So licitor for the Fifth Judicial District of the State; toward the close of his life was wholly devoted to his profession; was the author of a novel, printed for private circulation, entitled "Eoneguski; or. the Cherokee Chief." Died in 1854. Stratton, Charles O.; was born in New Jersey in 1796; was an active politician; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was a Representa tive in Congress from New Jersey, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843; was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but, although he appeared with a certificate under the the broad seal of his State, was not admitted ; was a member of the "Constitutional Convention " of 1844, and Governor of New Jersey from 1844 to 1848, after which he retired to his farm in Gloucester County, where he died, March 30, 1859. Stratton, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, from 1801 to 1803. Stratton, John L. N.; was born at Mount Holly, New Jersey, in 1817; graduated at Princeton College in 1836; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1858 was elected a Representa tive from New Jersey to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; was re-elected" to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, and on National Armories; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866. Stratton, Nathan T.; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855. Straub, Christian M.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Strawbridge, James D.; was born in Montour County, Pennsylvania, in 1824; received a good edu cation at Princeton College, graduating in 1844; graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsyl vania in 1847; practiced medicine at Danville; entered the Army as a Brigade-Surgeon of Volun teers, and served throughout the war; was captured while medical Director of the Eighteenth Army Corps in front of Richmond, and remained three months in Libby Prison; resumed the practice of medicine after the close of the war; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Civil Service and Invalid Pensions. Street, Randall S.; was born in Catskill, New York, in 1780; after receiving a good education, studied law, and settled in the practice of the profes sion at Poughkeepsie; in 1810 was appointed District Attorney for the State, and was re-appointed in 1813; soon afterwards, as Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, served in the army during the war with England; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821, and occupied a high position as such; Avas promoted to the rank of General of the Militia; in 1823 removed to Monticello, in Sullivan County, where he continued to reside, in the practice of his profession, until his death, which occurred in 1841. He was the father of the gifted poet, Alfred B. Street, and a relative, also, of Augustus R. Street, who founded the Fine Art Gallery of Yale College. Streeter, F. B.; was born in Pennsylvania; in 1854 was appointed, from that State, Solicitor of the United States Treasury, remaining in office until 1857. Strickland, O. P.; was an early emigrant to Utah; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for that Territory. Strickland, Randolph ; was born at Danville, Steuben County, New York, February 4, 1823; re BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 483 ceived a common school education; engaged in teaching; removed to Michigan in 1844; studied law; came to the bar in 1849; was Prosecuting Attorney for Clinton County in 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, and 1862; was elected to the State Senate in 1861 and 1862; was a Provost Marshal from 1863 to 1865; was a member of the State Republican Committee; was a Delegate to the National Conventions of 1856 and 1868; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and Mines and Mining. Strohm, John ; was born October 16, 1793, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in what is now Fulton Township; received a common school educa tion; taught school for six years; in 1831 was elected a member of the Legislature of his native State, serv ing three sessions in the House and eight in the Senate, during one term as Speaker; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Strong 1 , Caleb ; was born in Northampton, Mas sachusetts, in January, 1745; graduated at Harvard College in 1764; in consequence of poor health did not commence the practice of law for eight years after wards; passed his life at Northampton, where his paternal ancestors had lived from the year 1659; in 1775 was a member of the Committee of Safety; in 1780 was chosen one of the Council of Massachusetts: in 1779 assisted in forming the Constitution of that State: in 1787 also assisted in forming the Constitu tion of the United States, but did not sign that in strument; from 1789 to 1797 was a Senator in Con gress; from 1800 to 1807 was Governor of the State; also from 1812 to 1816; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; was a man of unimpeachable moral character, and possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated mind. Died November 7, 1819. Strong, James ; was born in Windham. Connecti cut, in 1783; graduated at the University of Ver mont in 1806; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1823 to 1831. Died in Chester, New Jersey, August 8, 1847. Strong, Jedediah ; was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Strong, Julius L.; was born at Bolton, County of Tolland, Connecticut, November 8, 1828; went through a course of studies at Union College, but did not graduate, and attended the Law School at Balls- ton, in New York; studied law; came to the bar in J853. and settled in Hartford; was a member of the Connecticut Legislature for two years; in 1859 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the \ jForty-First Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- second Congress. Died in Hartford, Connecticut, September 7, 1872. Strong, Selah B.; was born in Brookhaven, Lone Island. May 1, 1792; graduated at Yale College in 1811; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814; was at one time Attorney for Suffolk County; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. Strong, Solomon; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1819; was a member of the State Legislature in 1812, 1813, 1843 and 1844; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1818 to 1842. Died September 6, 1850, aged seventy-one years. Strong, Stephen; was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847. Strong, Theron R.; was born in Connecticut; served in the Assembly of New York from Wayne County in 1842; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Strong, William ; was born in Windham Coun ty, Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1811 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1821; was, for eight years, Sheriff of Hart ford County; was Judge of the same County; was a member of the State Legislature for eight years. Strong, William ; was born at Somers, Tolland County, Connecticut, May 6, 1808; was educated at Plainfield Academy, and at Yale College; after graduating, in 1828, taught school in Connecticut, and in New Jersey, meanwhile studying law; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1832, and soon after began to practice law in Reading, Berks Coun ty, Pennsylvania; was elected from Pennsylvania to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses; on retiring from Congress, resumed the practice of his profession, in which he continued until 1857. when he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl vania for fifteen years; resigned that position in 1868 and returned to the bar; in 1870 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; in 1867 received from Lafayette College i the degree of LL.D.. and the same honor from Yale College and the College of New Jersey. Strong, William; was born in Vermont; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Washington, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States for that Territory. Strother, George F.; was a native of Culpepper County. Virginia; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1820, when he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at St. Louis, Missouri. Strother, James F.; was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, September 4, 1811; received a col legiate education, and adopted the profession of the law; served ten years in the Legislature of Virginia, and was Speaker during the sessions of 1847 and 1848; in 1850 was a member of the Convention which framed the present Constitution of the State; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Culpepper County, September 20, 1860. Strouse, Myer ; was born in Germany, Decem ber 16, 1825; came, with his father, to the United States in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsyl vania; received an academic education and studied law; from 1848 to 1852 edited a newspaper in Phila delphia called the North American farmer, after which he devoted himself to the practice of his pro fession ; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals; was re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Expenses in the Interior Department, and Mines and Mining. Struble, Isaac H.; was born near Fredericks- burg, Virginia, November 3, 1843 ; removed, with his parents, to Ohio in 1847, and to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1857; received a common school education, and attended the Iowa University one year; served in the Union Army throughout the war of the Rebellion; studied law in Illinois, and was admitted to the bar 434 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. at Polo, in that State, in 1870; in 1872 removed to Le Mars, Iowa, and continued the practice of his pro fession; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. Strudwick, William E.; was a Representative > in Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1797. Stuart, Alexander; was appointed an Asso ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Terri tory of Illinois in 1809, and in 1814 was transferred to a similar position in the Territory of Missouri. Stuart, Alexander H. H.; was born in Staun- tou, Virginia, April 2, 1807; his early education was received at the Staunton Academy, and in 1824 he spent one session at William and Mary College; then commenced the study of law, which he finished at the University of Virginia, in 1828, and was admit ted to practice in Staunton in that year; his politi cal career began as a member of the " Young Men s Convention" in Washington, in 1832; in 1836 was elected a member of the House of Delegates, of Vir ginia, from the County of Augusta, and was re-elected in 1837 and 1838; in 1839 declined a re-election, and pursued the practice of law; took an active part in the canvass of 1840 for President Harrison ; in 1841 was elected a Representative in Congress from Vir ginia, and served until 1843; in 1844 delivered the annual address before the American Institute in New York City; was Presidential Elector on the Clay ticket in 1844, having been, from the outset of life, a devoted personal friend of that statesman; was also a Presidential Elector in 1848; in 1850 was invited. | by President Fillmore, to fill the office of Secretary of the Interior, which he held until 1853, and then returned to the practice of his profession in Staunton ; in 1856 was a member of the Convention which nom inated Mr. Fillmore for the Presidency; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate of Virginia for four years, and devoted himself especially to the subject of in ternal improvements; was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "National Union Convention" in 1866. Stuart, Andrew; was born in Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1853 to 1855. Stuart, Archibald ; was born in Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Stuart, Charles E.; was born in Columbia County, New York, November 25, 1810; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the Michi gan Legislature in 1842; was a Representative in the Thirtieth and Thirty-second Congresses; in 1853 was elected a Senator in Congress for six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. Stuart, David; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from Michigan from 1853 to 18.35. Stuart, John T.; was born in Fayette County Kentucky, November 10, 1807; graduated at the Centre College, Danville, in 1826; having studied law, settled in Illinois, where he practiced his pro fession; in 1832 and 1834 was a member of the Illi nois Legislature; was elected a P presentative from Illinois to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving on the Committee on Territories- in 1848 was elected to the State Senate, serving four years; in 1862 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Stuart, Philip ; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland, from 1811 to 1819. Sturgeon, Daniel ; was born in Pennsylvania, October 27, 1789; was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to 1851, serving on several Committees; in 1853 was appointed, by President Pierce, Treasurer at Philadelphia. Sturgis, Jonathan ; was born at Fairfield, Con necticut, August 23, 1740; graduated at Yale College in 1759, and became a lawyer; in 1775 was chosen a Delegate to Congress; espoused and supported the cause of Independence; was a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1793, when he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut; con tinued in that office until 1805; was a Presidential Elector in 1797 and 1805; the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Yale College. Died at Fair- field, October 4, 1819. The prominent merchant of New York, bearing the same name, was his grand son Sturgis, Lewis Burr; was born at Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1762; graduated at Yale College in 1782; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1805 to 1817; subsequently emigrated to the State of Ohio. Died in Norwalk, Ohio, March 30, 1844. Sullivan, George ; was born in Durham, New Hampshire, in 1772; graduated at Harvard Univers ity in 1790; commenced, in early life, the practice of law at Exeter, which he continued for more than forty years, and acquired a high reputation ; was a Representative in the General Court in 1805 and 1813; was a Representative in Congress in 1811 and 1812; was a member of the State Senate in 1814 and 1815; was twenty-one years Attorney-General of the State, which office he resigned in 1836. Died in Exeter, June 14, 1838, highly esteemed for his tal ents and public usefulness. Sullivan, James ; was born at Berwick, Massa chusetts (now Maine), April 22, 1744; was educated by his father; was a lawyer by profession; settled at Biddeford, and was King s Attorney for the Co .nty of York; took an active part on the side of his coun try during the Revolution; in 1775 was a member of the Provincial Congress; in 1776 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782; was a member of the Executive Council, and Judge of Probate; in 1790 was appointed Attorney-General, which office he re tained till 1807, when he was elected Governor of the State; was the author of a " History of Maine," a " Dissertation on Banks, and on the Suability of States, " " History of Land Titles in Massachusetts, a "Dissertation on the Constitutional Liberty of the Press," and a "History of the Penobscot Indians." Died December 10, 1808. Had the title of LL.D. Sullivan, John; was born in Massachusetts, February 17, 1740; settled in New Hampshire as a lawyer; attained the rank of Major-General in the Revolutionary Army; was captured at the battle of Long Island; commanded a division at Trenton, Brandywine, and Germantown, and also an expedi tion against the Indians; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775, and again in 1780 and 1781; was, for three years, President of New Hampshire; in 1789 was ap- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 4R5 poiiited a Judge of the District Court, which office he held until his death. Died January 23, 1795. Sullivan, Peter J.; was a citizen of Ohio; from 1867 to 1869 held the position of Minister Resident to Colombia; in 1868, in concert with Caleb Cushing, was instructed to negotiate a treaty with that coun try for a ship canal across the Isthmus. Died March ! 2, 1883. Summers, George W.; was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, near Alexandria; lived from in fancy in Kanawha County, in the western part of the State; was educated for the legal profession, and came to the bar in 1827; in 1830 was elected a mem ber of the House of Delegates, and continued to rep resent Kanawha County in the Legislature for sev eral years; was elected to the National House of Rep resentatives in the spring of 1841, and re-elected in 1843, serving throughout the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses; in 1850 was elected a member of the State Convention which framed the present Constitution of Virginia; in 1851 was unani mously nominated as the Whig candidate for Gov ernor at the first election of the Governor by the people, that officer having been previously chosen by the Legislature, but was defeated; in May, 1852. was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit in Virginia; having served in that capacity for six years, resigned July 1, 1858, there being two years of the term for which he had been elected unexpired; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Sumner, Charles ; was born in Boston, Massa chusetts, January 6, 1811; graduated at Harvard University in 1-30; spent the three succeeding years at the Cambridge Law School; for three years had editorial charge of the American Jurist; was admitted to the bar in 1834, and settled in Boston; was subse quently the Reporter of the United States Circuit Court, and published three volumes, which now bear his name; was, for three winters, a teacher at the Cambridge Law School ; soon afterwards edited "Dunlap s Treatise on Admiralty Practice"; about this time declined a Professorship tendered to him by bis Alma Mater; in 1837 visited Europe; was received with marked attention in England, and remained abroad until 1840; during the years 1844 to 1846 pro duced an edition of " Vesey s Reports," in twenty volumes; from that time onward frequently appeared in public as a speaker on various philanthropic and literary subjects, and two volumes of his orations were published in 1850; in 1851 was elected a Sena tor in Congress from Massachusetts; in 1856, for words uttered in debate on the subject of slavery, was assaulted at his desk in the Senate Chamber, by Preston S. Brooks, a Representative from South Caro lina, from the effects of which his health suffered, and he again visited Europe, having been, just before his departure, re-elected to the Senate for a second term; in 1853 published a work on " White Slavery in the Barbary States," and in 1856 a volume of "Speeches and Addresses"; in 1863 was re-elected to the Senate for the third term, ending in 1809, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and on several other important committees; was also a member of the National Committee ap pointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Died in Wash ington, March 11, 1874. Sumner, Charles A.; was born at Great Bar- rington, Massachusetts, August 2, 1835; was edu cated at Cheshire Episcopal Academy, and at Trinity College, Connecticut; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but devoted himself almost exclusively to shorthand reporting and editorial duties; served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion, aa Assistant Quartermaster United States Volunteers, and as Colonel of the First Nevada Infantry; was a member of the Nevada Senate from 1864 to 1868; President of the Senate in 1868; was elected a Rep resentative from California to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Sumner, Daniel H. ; was born at Malone, New York, September 15, 1837; removed to Michigan in 1843; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1868; in that year removed to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and en gaged in the practice of law; in 1871 settled at Wau- kesha, Wisconsin; in 1875 was elected District At torney and served two years; was unanimously re- nominated, but declined further service; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth Congress. Sumner, Increase ; was born at Roxbury, Mas sachusetts, November 27, 1746 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1767; taught school at Roxbury two years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1770; commenced practice in Roxbury; became suc cessful, and received the degree of LL.D. ; was a State Representative from 1776 to 1780; a State Sena tor from 1780 to 1782; an Associate Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court from 1782 to 1797; member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1779: in 1789 was a member of the Convention for the adop tion of the Federal Constitution; was Governor of Massachusetts from 1797 to 1799. Died June 7, 1799. Sumter, Thomas ; was a distinguished soldier of the American Revolution; was a citizen of South Carolina; was promoted, by Governor Rutledge, in 1780, from the office of Colonel to that of Brigadier- General; for his services received the thanks of Con gress, and the applause of his country; was a Repre sentative in Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1793, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; in 1801 was elected a Senator in Congress, serving until 1809, when he was appointed Minister to Brazil; after spending two years abroad, returned home and was again elected to the Senate. Died suddenly June 1, 1832, at Strasburg, aged ninety-seven years. The naming of Fort Sumter was a tribute to his memory. Sumter, Thomas D.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was elected a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1840 to 1843. Sutherland, Jabez G.; was born in Onondaga County, New York, October 6, 1825; removed, with his father, to Michigan in 1836; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848; in 1849 settled in Saginaw City, and was made Prosecuting Attorney for that County; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Con vention of 1850; in 1853 was elected to the State Legislature; during the next ten years was wholly devoted to the practice of his profession; in 1858 waa the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the office of Attorney-General; in 1863 was elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Circuit, and was re-elected to the same position in 1869 without opposition; his Circuit was, for a time, the largest in the State, and his writ ten decisions would fill many volumes; was a Dele gate to the Constitutional Convention of 1867; in August, 1870, was. contrary to his wishes, elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. 486 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Sutherland, Joel B.; was a Representative in Congress from Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1837, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on Commerce during the Twenty-fourth Congress. Died in Philadelphia, November 15, 1861. Sutherland, Josiah ; was born in New York; jwas elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-second Congress; was subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Swain, David Lowry; was born near Ashville, North Carolina, January 4, 1801; graduated at the University of North Carolina; was admitted to the bar in 1823, and soon entered upon a lucrative prac tice; in 1824 was elected to represent Buncombe County in the House of Commons of the State; in 1831 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court; from 1832 to 1835 was Governor of the State; from that time until his death was President of the University of North Carolina; published (i British Invasion of North Carolina in 1776," 8vo, 185:5, and contributed many valuable papers on the His tory of North Carolina to the University Magazine. Died at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, September 3, 1868. Swan, John ; was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788. Swan, Samuel ; was born in Somerset County, New Jersey in 1771; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1821 to 1831. Died at Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 1844. Swann, Thomas; was born in Alexandria, Vir ginia; was educated at Columbia College, and the University of Virginia; studied law with his father in Washington; was appointed Secretary of the Nea politan Commission; in 1834 settled in Baltimore, Maryland; two years afterward was chosen a Director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company; in 1847 was chosen President of the same, which office he resigned in 1853; was also President of the North western Virginia Railroad Company, disbursing in behalf of the two roads about thirteen million dol lars; after a sojourn in Europe, was. in 1856, elected Mayor of Baltimore; was re-elected in 1858; was the originator of the Druid Hill Park in that city; eman cipated his slaves before the Rebellion; continued a Union man during the war; in 1863 was elected President of the First National Bank of Baltimore; in 1864 was elected Governor of Maryland; in 1866 was elected a Senator in Congress, but declined to leave the Executive chair; in 1868 was elected a Rep resentative from Maryland to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the three subsequent Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Appropriations and others of importance; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died July 24, Ir^rf3. Swanwick, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1798; resigned before the expiration of his second term. Swart, Peter ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1809; was a State Sena tor from 18 17 to 1820. Swayne, Noah H.; was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, December 27, 1804; while per forming the duties of a clerk in an apothecary store in Alexandria, acquired the rudiments of an English and classical education, and prepared himself for the medical profession; began the study of law, at \Var- reuton; after his admission to the bar, in 1824, re moved to Ohio, and settled atCoshocton; in 1829 wan elected to the Legislature of that State; in 1830 wau appointed United States District Attorney for Ohio, holding that position nine years, and residing in Co lumbus; in 1834 was chosen Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined the office; in 1836 was again elected to the State Legislature, and took part in organizing Institutions or Asylums for the benefit of the blind, the insane, and the deaf and dumb of the State; in 1861 was appointed a Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States. Swearingen, Henry ; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1841. Swearing-en, Thomas V.; was born in Jeffer son County, Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1822. when he died in Virginia. Sweat, Lorenzo D. M.; was born at Parson ville, York County, Maine, May 26. 1818; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837, and at the Harvard Law School in 1840; during the next two years practiced law in New Orleans; in 1856 and 1860 was a City Solicitor in Portland; in 1862 was a member of the State Senate; was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Convention" of 1866. Sweeney, W. N.; was born in Kentucky, May 5, 1832; received a good education; studied law; came to the bar, and engaged in the practice of that pro fession; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Sweeny, Gaorg-3 ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. Sweetser, Charles ; was born in Vermont; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1819 to 1853. Swift, Benjamin ; was born in Amenia, New York, April 5, 1781; received an academic educa tion; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Bennington in 1806; lived, for a time, in Manchester, and subsequently in St. Albans, where he rose to eminence in his profession ; in 1813, 1814, 1825, and 182;i, was a Representative in the General Assembly; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1827 to 1831; received the degree of A. M. from Mid dlebury College in 1820, and was a member of the Corporation of that institution from 1830 to 1839; in 1K33 was elected to the Seriate of the United States for six years, after which he retired to private life; while in apparently good health, died suddenly, in an open field on his farm, November 11, 1847. Swift, Zephaniah; was born at Wareham, Massachusetts, in 1759; graduated at Yale College in 1778, and established himself as a lawyer at Wind- ham, Connecticut, where his superior talents gained him a lucrative practice; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1793 to 1797; in 1800 was Secretary to Ellisworth, Davie, and Murray, in their mission to France; soon after his return was placed on the Bench of the Superior Court of the State, where he continued eighteen years, during the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 4H7 last five of which he was Chief Justice; was after wards a member of the State Legislature, and was one of the Committee to revise the Statute Laws o the State; was a Delegate to the " Hartford Conven tion"; published several works; among them was a " Digest of the Laws of Connecticut, on the model o Blackstone." Died at Warren, Ohio, September 27 1823. Swinburne, John; was born at Deer River, Lewis County, New York, May 30, 1820; received e common school and academic education; graduated from the Albany Medical College, at Albany, New York, in the spring of 1847, and commenced practice at Albany as a physician and surgeon; in 1861 was appointed chief medical officer on the staff of General John F. Rathbone, and placed in charge of the depot for recruits at Albany; in May, 1862, was appointed, by Governor Morgan, Auxiliary Volunteer Surgeon at the front, with the rank of Medical Superintendent, and was re-appointed June 13, by Governor Seymour; was appointed Surgeon by the Surgeon-General of the Uni ted States, and assigned to duty at Savage s Station ; was taken prisoner June 29, 1862; in 1861 was appoint ed, by Governor Seymour, Health Officer of the port of New York; was re-appointed by Governor Fenton, in 1866, holding the position six years; was in charge of the American Ambulance Corps during the siege of Paris, France, by the Prussians, in 1870 and 1871; in 1882 was elected Mayor of Albany; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty- ninth Congress. Swing, Philip B.; was born in Ohio; resided at Batavia, in that State, whence he was, in 1871, ap pointed United States Judge for the Southern Dis trict of Ohio. Switzler, William Franklin ; was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, March 16, 1819; removed, with his father, to Missouri in 1826; was educated at Mount Forest Academy; studied law, and came to the bar at Columbia, in 1841 ; in that year became editor of a paper called the Patriot; in 1843, estab lished the Missouri Statesman; in 1846 and 1848 was elected to the State Legislature, and again elected in 1856; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of I860; in 1862 was appointed Military Secretary of State for Arkansas, under the Military Governor, John S. Phelps; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln. Provost Marshal in Missouri; was a Delegate to the Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1865; in 1866, unsuccessfully contested the seat, in the Fortieth Congress, of George W. Anderson; in 1868 was elected to the Forty-first Congress; in March, 1868, and January. 1869, the Committee on Elections, with only one dissenting voice, declared him entitled to a seat in the Fortieth Congress, but the House, by a vote of fifty-five to eighty-nine, rejected his claim; in 1875 was elected a Delegate to the Missouri State Constitutional Convention; in 1885 was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, at Washington City. Swoops, Jacob ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1809 to 1811. Swope, John A.; was born at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1827; graduated from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1847 ; studied medicine, but relinquished the practice after a few years in order to engage in mercantile pursuits; be came President of the Gettysburg National Bank in 1879; also engaged in manufacturing and agricultural pursuits; in 1882 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-eighth Congress to fill the unexpired term of Hon. William A. Duncan; waa I re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Swrope, Samuel F.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Sykes, George ; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Sykes, James ; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778; held various important positions in the State, before and after the Revolution. Symes, George G.; was bom in Ash tabula County, Ohio, April 28, 1840; removed, with his par ents, to La Crosse County. Wisconsin, in 1852; re ceived a good education; in 1860 began the study of the law; before completing his course, in April, 1861, he enlisted in the Union Army ; was wounded at the battle of Bull Run ; on his recovery, he returned to service, but was soon afterwards attacked by lung fever, and was honorably discharged from the ser vice; returning home, he resumed his law studies; in May, 1862, he raised a Volunteer Company and re- entered the service as Adjutant of the Twenty-fifth Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers; in 1863 was pro moted Captain; near Decatur, Alabama, was again wounded, and was again sent home; as soon as he recovered from his wound he returned to duty with the promotion of Colonel of the Forty-fourth Wis consin Regiment; in 1865 was, for some time prior to being mustered out of the service, in command of the forces at Paducah, Kentucky; engaged in restor ing the operation of the civil law; on being mustered out of the service, he began the practice of law at Paducah; in 1868 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1869 was appointed, by President Grant, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Mon tana; in 1871 resigned, and resumed the practice of his profession, locating at Helena, Montana; in 1874 removed to Denver, Colorado, where he continued to practice law; in 1884 was elected the Representative from Colorado to the Forty-ninth Congress. Symmes, John Cleves ; was born on Long Is land, July 21, 1742; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from Delaware in 1785 and 1786; was a Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey; was afterwards Chief Justice of New Jersey; in 1788 was appointed Judge of the Northwest Territory, and was founder of the settlements in the Miami country. Sypher, J. Hale ; was born in Pennsylvania, July 22, 1837; received a liberal education, and stud ied law; entered the army in 1861 as a private sol dier, and attained the rank of Brigadier-General; on being mustered out of military service, in 1865, was \dmitted to the bar, but devoted himself to planting n Louisiana; was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Militia; was re-elected to the three suc ceeding Congresses, serving on various Committees. Taber, Stephen ; was born in Dover, Dutchesa County, New York, (his father, Thomas Taber, also served in Congress) ; received a good academic edu cation; in 1839 settled in Queen s County, on Long island, and engaged in farming; in 1860 and 1861 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1864 waa lected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on J ublic Lands; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. 488 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Taber, Thomas ; was born in New York, May 19, 1785; was devoted to agricultural pursuits; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1826; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Died March 21, 1862. Tabert, Alfred, T. A.; was a citizen of Dela ware; in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Salvador, where he remained until 1871, when he was appointed Consul-General to Havana. Tabor, Horace A. W.; was born at Holland, Vermont, November 26, 1830; received a common school education ; learned the trade of a stone-cutter in Massachusetts; removed to Kansas in 1855, and thence to Colorado in 1859; became a merchant; was Mayor of Lead ville in 1878 and 1879; was Lieuten- ant-Governor of Colorado from 1879 to 1883; was elected a Senator of the United States from Colorado for the unexpired term of Henry M. Teller, resigned, serving from February 1, to March 3, 1883. Tabor, Stephen J. W.; was born at Corinth, Vermont, August 5, 1815; became an orphan in his eleventh year; received an academic education ; com menced active life by teaching school; wrote for the press, and published a work translated from the French; connected himself with a paper called the Beacon, in New York City, and also with the Sun; in 1837 removed to Ashfield, Massachusetts, and studied medicine: then had charge of a newspaper at North ampton ; graduated at the College of Physicians in New York in 1840, and practiced his profession until 1855; in the latter year removed to Iowa, and pub lished a paper called the Civilian; served several years as a County Judge, and also as County Treas urer and Recorder; in 1863 was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Fourth Auditor of the Treasury; was fond of books; possessed a fine library, and an un surpassed collection of books on Tobacco, Tea and Coffee. Taffe, John ; was born at Indianapolis, Indiana, January 30, 1827; received a classical education, and adopted the profession of the law; after a brief resi dence in Illinois, removed to Nebraska Territory in 1856; was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1858 and 1859: in 1860 was elected to the Council, and in the winter of 1861 was made President of that body; in I(i2 raised a regiment of cavalry for ser vice against the Indians, and was made a Major, in which capacity he fought at the buttle of White Stone Hills, in 1863; in 1866 was elected a Repre sentative from the new State of Nebraska to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories and Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on various Committees, and as Chairman of that on Territories; in 1875 was appointed Secretary of Col orado Taft, Alphonso ; was born at Townsend, Ver mont, Novembers, 1810; graduated from Yale Col lege in 18)53; was a tutor at the Ellington (Connecti cut) High School for two years, and then, for two years, tutor at Yale College; studied law, while teaching, and was admitted to the bar at New Haven Connecticut, in 1838; in 1839 settled at Cincinnati, Ohio, in the practice of law; was a member of the City Council for three years; was, for twenty-five years, a member of the Union Board of High Schools- also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Uni versity of Cincinnati, and of the Corporation of Yale College, from which latter institution he received the degree of Doctor of Laws in 18f>7; was an unsuccess- fnl candidate for Congress in 1856; in 1866 was ap pointed to fill a vacancy on the Bench of the Superior Court of Cincinnati; was elected to that position, and was re-elected by the unanimous vote of both political parties; resigned in 1872 and resumed the practice of law; in March, 1876, was appointed, by President Grant, Secretary of War; in the succeed ing May became Attorney-General of the United States; in 1877, at the expiration of his term of office, resumed practice; in 1882 was appointed, by Presi dent Arthur, United States Minister to Austria. Tagg-art, Samuel ; was born at Londonderry, Massachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1774; studied for the ministry, and settled in Cole- raine in 1777; was elected a Representative in Con gress from Massachusetts, serving from 1803 to 1817. Died in 1825, aged seventy-one years. Tait, Charles ; was born in Louisa County, Vir ginia; removed, at an early age, to Georgia; was, for several years, a Judge of the Superior Court of Geor gia; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1819; distinguished himself as a supporter of the administrations of Madison and Monroe; in 1819 removed to Alabama; was appointed a Judge of the District Court, when first established in that State, which office he resigned in 1826. Died in Wilcox County, Alabama, October 7, 1835, in the sixty- eighth year of his age. Talbot, Isham ; was born in Bedford County, Virginia, in 1773; received a good education; studied law, and practiced with success; was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1812 to 1815; from 1815 to 1819 was a member of the United States Senate, and for a second term from 1820 to 1825. Died near Frankfort, September 27, 1837. Talbot, J. Fred. C.; was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, July 29, 1843; received a public school education; commenced the study of law in 1862; entered the Confederate Army in 1864, and served until the close of the war; was admitted to the bar in 1866; was Prosecuting Attorney for Balti more County from 1871 to 1875; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876: was elected a Representative from Maryland to the For ty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Talbot, Mathew ; was born in Virginia in 1767; removed to Georgia in 1785; frequently served in the Legislature; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of Georgia; was, for many years, in the State Senate, and officiated as President of that body; was acting Governor of the State in 1819. Died in Wilkes County, September 17. 1827. Talbot, Silas ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1793 to 1794, when he was ap pointed, by President Washington, Captain in the Navy; served a number of years in the State Assem bly from Montgomery County. Talbot, Thomas; was born at Cambridge, Wash ington County, New York, September 7. 1818; left an orphan at the age of six years and in straightened circumstances, his educational advantages were lim ited; in 1831 settled at Bill erica, Massachusetts, and began the struggle of life in the carding-room of a woolen factory; four years later became an employe* in the broad-cloth factory of his elder brothers, at the same place; at the age of twenty became overseer in the finishing-room; attended the Cummington Acad emy during the winter terms, of six months each, of 1838 and 1839; in 1840 began business on his own account, in partnership with one of his brothers, and was very successful; was a Representative in the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 489 Massachusetts Legislature for a number of years; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was a member of the Governor s Council for five years; in 1872 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts; on the election of Governor Wash- burn e to the United States Senate became Governor; in 1874 was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor; in 1878 was elected Governor of Massachusetts. Died at Lowell, Massachusetts, October 6, 1886. Talbot, Thomas H.; was born in Maine; edu cated for the bar; in 1869 was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, holding the position about one year. Talbott, Albert GK; was born in Kentucky; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thir ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, and a member of that on Roads and Canals. Taliaferro, Benjamin ; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1799 to 1802. Died September 3, 1821. Taliaferro, John; was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 1768; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1801 to 1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843; in 1805 and 1821 was a Presidential Elector; for three years before his death was Librarian of the Treasury Department in Washington. Died at his residence in Virginia, August 18, 1853. Tallmadge, Benjamin; was born in Suffolk County, New York, February 25, 1754; his military services were very valuable; acted a prominent part in the capture of Andre; in 1780 planned and con ducted the expedition which resulted in the capture of Fort George and the destruction of the British stores on Long Island; was a member of Washing ton s military family; after the war, having attained the rank of General, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large property; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1801 to 1817; was respected for his public services and private char acter. Died in Litchfield, Connecticut, March 6, 1835. Tallmadge, Frederick A.; was born in Litch field, Connecticut, August 29, 1792; graduated at Yale College in 1811; having studied law, settled in practice in New York in 1814; in 1836 was elected an Alderman of the city, and also a State Senator; was subsequently, for five years, Recorder of the City; was a Representative from New York in the Thirtieth Congress; was again Recorder for three years; in 1857 was appointed General Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police; was subsequently appointed Clerk of the Court of Appeals; was the son of Ben jamin Tallmadge. Died in Litchfield, September 16, 1869. Tallmadge, James, Jr.; was born in Stanford. Dutchess County, New York, January 28, 1788; graduated at Brown University in 1798; was by pro fession a lawyer; early in life was Private Secretary to Governor Clinton, and during the War of 1812 commanded a portion of the force detailed for the defense of New York City; from 1817 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress from New York ; declined a re-election: was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State; in 1823 was elected to the Assembly from Dutchess County; from 1825 to 1828 was Lieutenant-Governor under General Clinton; in 1846 was a member of the "Constitu tional Convention " of New York; during the last twenty years of his life was President of the Ameri can Institute in New York; visited Europe, and ben efited the United States by his introduction of Amer ican machinery into Russia, by inducing that govern ment to adopt it in their manufacture of cotton goods; was one of the founders of the University of New York, and was President of the Council; was honored with the degree of LL.D. from that Institu tion. Died suddenly in New York City, September 29, 1853. Tallmadge, Matthias B.; was a native of New York; received a good education, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1805 was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the Nor thern District of New York. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P.; was born in Chat ham, Columbia County, New York, February 8, 1795; graduated at Union College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; was a meirber of the Assembly of New York in 1828; was a member of the State Senate from 1830 to 1833; was a Senator in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1844; was subsequently appointed, by President Tyler, Ter ritorial Governor of Wisconsin, where he resided, de voted to his profession. Died at Battle Creek, Mich igan, November 2, 1864. Tallman, Peleg ; was born at Tiverton, Rhode Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age of fourteen, entered the privateering service; in 1780 had his left arm shot off; in 1781 was taken prisoner, and was confined in Ireland and England until the peace of 1783; soon afterwards became Commander of a mer chant vessel; after following a seafaring life for many years, devoted himself to the business of a merchant, and acquired a large fortune; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1813. Died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 1841. Taney, Roger B.; was born in Calvert County, Maryland, March 17, 1777; graduated at Dickinson College in 1795; studied law, and came to the bar in 1799; in 1801 was elected to the State Assembly and settled at Frederick; subsequently served four years in the State Senate; removed to Baltimore in 1822; in 1827 was chosen Attorney-General of Maryland; in 1831 was appointed Attorney-General of the United States in President Jackson s Cabinet; was also appointed Secretary of the Treasury, but was re jected by the Senate; was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but was again rejected by the Senate; in 1836 was appointed, by President Jackson, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the place of John Marshall, which office he filled with acknowledged ability until his death, which occurred in W T ashing- ton City, October 12, 1864. Some of his decisions, as a Cabinet officer and as Chief Justice, excited great interest throughout the country. His life, written by his personal friend, Samuel Tyler, and published in 1872, attracted marked attention, and was con sidered a work of great ability. Tanner, A. H.; was born at Granville, Washing ton County, New York, May 23, 1833; studied law, and came to the bar in 1853; in 1862 entered the volunteer army as a Captain; as Lieutenant-Colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment of Infantry, served until the close of the war first in the Army of the Potomac, and subsequently through out the Atlanta Campaign and that of the Carolinas; in 1868 was elected a Representative from New York 490 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Buildings and Grounds, and War De partment. Tappan, Benjamin; was born at Northampton! Massachusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught the busi ness of copperplate engraving and printing; devoted some attention to portrait-painting; subsequently studied and adopted the profession of the law; in 1799 emigrated to Ohio, and was one of the earliest settlers there; in 18U3 was elected to the Legislature of the New State; served in the War of 1812 as Aid- de-camp to General Wads worth; was, for seven years, President Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit; in 1833 was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Judge for the District of Ohio; was a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1845, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library; was a Presidential Elector in 1833. Died at Steubeuville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. Tappan, Mason W.; was born at Newport. Sul livan County, New Hampshire; was prepared for Col lege, and studied law as a profession; was a member of the State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855; was a Representative from New Hampshire in the Thirty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, as Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; wasa Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Tarbox, John Kemble ; was born at Methueu, Massachusetts, May 0, 1838; received an academic education; was admitted to the bar in 1860; served in the Union Army in the Fourth Regiment of Massa chusetts Volunteers; was a member of the Legisla ture of Massachusetts in 186-<, 1870,and 1871, and of the State Senate in 1872; was Mayor of the City of Lawrence in 1873 and 1874; was elected a Repre sentative to the Forty-fourth Congress from Massa chusetts. Tarr, Christian ; was born in Baltimore, Mary land; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1820 to 1821. Tarsney, Timothy E.; was born at Ransom, Hillsdale County, Michigan, February 4, 1849; was educated at the common schools; served seven years as a marine engineer, meantime reading law; entered the Law Department of Michigan University in 1870 and graduated in the class of 1872; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at East Sagiuaw, Michigan; was a Justice of the Peace in 1873 and 1874; was City Attorney of East Saginaw from 1875 to 1878, when he resigned; served as ex-officin member of the Board of Supervisors during the same period; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-ninth Congress. Tate, Magnus ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1815 to 1817; resided in Berkeley County of that State. Tate, Thomas M. ; was born in Virginia; in 1857 was appointed, from that State, Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in that position until 1861. Tatnall, Edward F.; was born in Savannah, Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1821 to 1827. Tatnall, Josiah ; was born at Bonaventure. near Savannah; his boyhood was full of adventure, and at the age of eighteen he joined the army of General Wayne at Ebenezer; in 1793 was appointed Colonel of a Georgia Regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier-Gen eral, participating extensively in the military affairs of the State, and serving occasionally in the Legisla ture; also served, in 1796, at Louisville, in the Gen eral Assembly that rescinded the Yazoo Act of 1795; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia from 1796 to 1799. Died in the West Indies in 1804. Tatum, Absalom ; was a Representative in Con gress from North Carolina during the years 1795 and 1796. Taul, Micah; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817. Taulbee, "William Preston ; was born in Mor gan County, Kentucky, October 22, 1851; was edu cated in private country schools; studied for the ministry from 1875 to 1878, and for the law from 1878 to 1881; was admitted to the bar in 1881; re sided at Saylersville, Kentucky; in 1878 was elected Clerk of the County Court of Magoffin County, Ken tucky; was re-elected in 1882; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-ninth Congress. Taunehill, Adamson; was born in Frederick County. Maryland, in 1752; served as Captain of a Rifle Company throughout the Revolutionary War; removed to Pennsylvania, and settled on a small farm adjoining Pittsburgh; was a Justice of the Peace at the breaking out of the Whisky Insurrec tion, and firmly opposed that outbreak; served as a Brigadier-General in the War of 1812; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1812 to 1815. Died at Grant s Hill in 1817. Tayler, John ; was born in New York, July 4, 1742; became a merchant at Albany in 1773; super intended the Commissary Department on the Expe dition to Canada in 1775; was a member of the Pro vincial Congress; was, for nearly forty years, a mem ber of the Legislature of New Yovk ; was Lieutenant- Governor of the State from 1813 to 1822. Died ia Albany, March 19. 1829. Tayler, Robert Walker ; was born in Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1812; removed with his parents to Ohio, in 1815, locating at Youngs- town, then Trumbull County; received an English education; studied law; came to the bar in 1834; in 1839 was elected Attorney for the County of Trum bull, holding the office two years; in 1850 organ ized the Bank of Mahoning; in 1851 was elected Mayor of Youngstown; was elected to the State Sen ate in 1855 and 1857; was Auditor of the State from 1800 to 1863; in the latter year was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury; served until his death, February 25, 1878. Taylor, Alexander "Wilson ; was born in In diana County, Pennsylvania, March 22, 1815; was educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; left col lege in the spring of 1836, to become clerk in the Sur vey or-Genenil s office of Pennsylvania; studied law at Carlisle, and was admitted to the bar in 1841; in 1845 waselected Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts of In diana County, and re-elected in 1848; was a member of the Legislature in 1859 and 1860; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Railways and Canals. Taylor, A : her; was a Representative from New York to the Twenty-eighth Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 491 Taylor, Bayard ; was born at Kennett Square, Chester County, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1825; at the age of seventeen became an apprentice in a printing office; in 1844 and 1845 made a pedestrian tour through Europe, and in 1846 published a book containing the experiences of his journeyings; edited a newspaper at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, for a year; then went to New York City, and engaged in editor ial work; in 1849 visited California, returning by way of Mexico; in 1851 set out on a protracted tour in the East, which occupied several years; in 1862 and 1863 was Secretary of the United States Lega tion at St. Petersburg, Russia, and part of the time acting Charge d 1 Affaires; in 1874 re-visited Egypt, and attended the millennial celebration in Ireland; wrote and published a great many books recounting the experiences of his travels; in 1878 was appointed United States Minister to Germany. Died at Berlin, Prussia, December 19, 1878. Taylor, Caleb N.; was born at Sunbury, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1819; from early boyhood engaged in agricultural pursuits, and was eminently successful; although never taking an active part in politics, served on many occasions as a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to various local Conventions; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention " of I860: in 1866 was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Territories and Expenses in the Treasury Department. Taylor, Ezra B. ; was born at Nelson, Ohio, July 9, 1823; received an academic education; studied law; commenced practice in 1845; was elected Prose cuting Attorney in 1854; in 1861 removed to War ren, Ohio; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Ninth Judicial District, from 1877 to 1880, when he resigned; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-sixth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James A. Garfield; was re-elected to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Taylor, George ; was born in Ireland in 1716; left his lather s house clandestinely and came to .Philadelphia, where, as a day laborer, he obtained the money to pay his passage across the Atlantic; soon became a clerk with the man who had advanced him the money, and in after years married the widow of his benefactor; in 1764 was elected to the Provin cial Assembly at Philadelphia, serving six years; was again elected to the Assembly in 1775; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; passed the remainder of his life in retirement. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1781. Taylor, George; was born at Wheeling, Vir ginia, October 19, 18:20; after receiving a liberal edu cation, turned his attention to the study of medicine, but subsequently adopted the profession of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1840, and removed to In diana, where he was successful as a special pleader; in 1844 removed to Alabama, and there practiced his profession for four years, after which he removed to New York: in 1856 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on the Cost of Public Buildings; as an author, writing upon topics connected with the natural sciences, he was successful; a work published in 1851, and entitled "Indications of the Creator," has passed through four editions, and been highly applauded by the critics of England and France; also wrote much in behalf of popular education, and his collected addresses and lectures make quite a large and interesting volume. Taylor, George K.; in 1801 was appointed, by President Adams, United States Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fourth Circuit. Taylor, Isaac H. ; was born near New Harris- burgh, Carroll County, Ohio, April 18, 1840; received a common school and academic education; from the age of seventeen to that of twenty-five was engaged in farming during the summer, and teaching school during the winter; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1868; engaged in the practice of the law at Carrollton, Ohio, in his native county; was Clerk of the Courts of Carroll County from 1870 to 1877, when he resumed the practice of his profession; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Taylor, John ; was born in Orange County, Vir ginia; was distinguished for his attention to agri culture, and published a work entitled "Constructor Construed; an Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States"; was a Senator of the United States from Virginia, from 1792 to 1794, but was superseded by A. B. Venable; was also a Senator in 1803, and from 1822 to 1824. Died in Caroline County, Virginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced age. Taylor, John ; was born in South Carolina in 1770; graduated at Princeton College in 1790; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned his attention chiefly to planting; served in the State Legislature a number of years; was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1807 to 1809, and also from 1817 to 1821 ; was a Senator in Congress from 1810 to- 1816; was a Trustee of the South Carolina College in 1806; a State Senator in 1810 and 1822; wa Governor of the State from 1826 to 182-!. Died in 18152. He was also, at one time, Receiver of Public Moneys in Mississippi Territory. Taylor, John J.; was born in Massachusetts; settled in New York; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Taylor, John L. ; was born in Stafford County, Virginia, March 7, 1805; was educated in the com mon schools and seminaries of the neighborhood; studied law in Washington City, and was admitted to the bar in 1828: settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829; was, for six years, Major-General of the Ohio- Militia; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1847 to 1855, serving from time to time on im portant Committees; in 1870 was appointed a Clerk in the Interior Department. Died suddenly in his office, September 6, 1870. Taylor, John M.; was born at Lexington, Ten nessee, May 18, 1838; received an academic educa tion, and attended Union University, Tennessee, for two years; studied law; graduated at the Law De partment of Cumberland University, Tennessee, in 1860, and commenced the practice of law at Lexing ton, Tennessee; entered the Confederate Army in 1861; was elected Lieutenant; was subsequently- promoted to the rank of Major; was severely wounded at the battle of Perrysville, and was placed on post duty thereafter; was, for a time, in command at Gadsden, Alabama; in 1869 was elected Mayor of Lexington, Tennessee; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1870; was Attorney- General of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit from 1870 to 1878; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention of 1880; was a member of the Sta e House of Representatives in the called sessions of 1881 and 1882; was elected a Representative from 492 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Tennessee to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Taylor, John W.; was born in Saratoga County, New York, in 1784: graduated at Union College in 1803: studied law in Albany; was elected to the State Legislature in 1811, and while in that body was elected to Congress, where he served from 1813 to 1833; was Speaker of the House for the second session of the Sixteenth Congress, daring the passage of the Missouri Compromise, and was also Speaker of the Nineteenth Congress; was a State Senator in 1841 and 1842; removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where he died in September, 1854. Taylor, Jonathan ; was a native of Connecti cut; removed to Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Taylor, Joseph D.; was born in Belmont County, Ohio, November 7, 1830; was educated at the com mon schools and at Madison College; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859; grad uated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1860; served in the Union Army as a commissioned officer during the War of the Rebellion ; was twice elected Prose cuting Attorney; was President of the City School Board for seven years; was a Delegate to the " Loy alist Convention" of 1866; was President of several corporations; was a Delegate to the Republican Na tional Convention of 1880; was elected a Representa tive from Ohio to the Forty -seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. T. Updegraff; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Taylor, Miles ; was born in New York; removed to Louisiana; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty- sixth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Claims, and on the Judiciary, and a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States; withdrew in February, 1861. Declined, by letter, to give the author any information. Taylor, Nathaniel G.; was born in Carter County, Tennessee, December 29, 1819; studied at Washington College, in that State, but graduated at Princeton College in 1840; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1843; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1854 to 1855, as the s iccessor of Brookins Campbell; was a Presidential Elector in 1853 and 1860; was for several years a Minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South; in 1865 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress, serving on two or three Committees; in March, 1867, was appointed, by President John son, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Taylor, Nelson ; was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut, June 8, 1821; received a common school education, and adopted the profession of the law; as Captain in the First Regiment of New York Volun teers, served through the Mexican War; in 1849 was elected to the State Senate of California; was Presi dent of the Board of Trustees of the California Hos pital (which subsequently became the State Insane Asylum) from 1850 to 1856; was Sheriff of San Joa- quin County, California, in 1853; in 1861 was mus tered into military service as Colonel of the Seventy- second Regiment of New York Volunteers; was pro moted to the rank of Brigadier-General in 1862; in 1 864 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Select Com mittee on Freedmen. and that on Invalid Pensions. Taylor, Robert ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, his native State, from 1825 to 1827. Taylor, Robert L.; was born at Happy Valley, Tennessee, July 31, 1850; was educated at Penning- ton, New Jersey, and the East Tennessee Wesley an University; studied law; was licensed to practice in 1878; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-sixth Congress. Taylor, "Walter ; was a man of high literary at tainments; was a Judge of the Territory of Indiana in 180 : ; was Aide-de-camp to General Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe; was United States Senator from Indiana from 1816 to 1825. Died in Virginia, August 26, 1826. Taylor, William ; was born in Connecticut in 1793; removed, with his parents, to Onondaga Coun ty, New York, when quite young; received a com mon school education; in 1812 was a member of a Medical Society; at one time was President of the New York Medical Society ; was a practicing Phy sician for fifty years; was, for many years, President of the Board of Supervisors of the State; was a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1841, 1842, 1852 and 1853. in the two latter years representing New York City; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1839. Died at Manlius, Onondaga County, September 6, 1865. Taylor, William; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835. Taylor, William; was born at Alexandria, Dis trict of Columbia; adopted the profession of the law, which he practiced in Rockingham County, Virginia; was elected a Representative in Congress from Vir ginia, and served from 1843 to 1846. Died before the expiration of his second term, in Washington City, January 17, 1846. Taylor, William R.; was born in Connecticut in 1820; removed to Ohio, and operated a grist-mill; removed to Wisconsin in 1848, and turned his atten tion to farming; held various County offices; was elected to the State Legislature, both House and Senate; in 1873 was elected Governor of Wis consin, and re-nominated for the same position in 1875. Taylor, Zachary ; was born in Orange County, Virginia, September 24, 1784; went, with his fatheV, Richard Taylor, who was a Colonel in the War of the Revolution, to Kentucky, in 1785; received a limited education; in 1808 was appointed, by President Jef ferson, a Lieutenant of Infantry; served in the War of 1812 as a Captain, and was b revetted a Major for gallant services; from 1815 to 1836 had command of various military posts in the Western Country; in 1819 was made a Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1832 a Colonel; served with distinction in the Black Hawk War, and also in the war against the Seminoles in Florida; in 1841 settled his family at Baton Rouge, in Louisiana; was made a General, and had command of the American army during the Mexican War; after gaining a number of battles, won the great and deci sive battle of Buena Vista; in 1848 was elected Presi dent of the United States; was inaugurated in March, 1849. Died in Washington, July 9, 1850. He left a son who was a General in the Confederate army dur ing the Civil War, and one of his daughters beca.ue the wife of Jefferson Davis. , BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 493 Taylor, Zachary ; was born in Hay wood Coun ty, Tennessee, May 9, 1819; received such early edu cation as the common schools of the country afforded; entered the Virginia Military Institute in December. ISO S, and graduated as Senior Captain July 4, 1872; entered the Law School of Cumberland University, at Lebanon, Tennessee, in January, 1873, and gradu ated in January, 1874; entered upon the practice of law at Covington, Tennessee, in 1878; in 18SO was elected a Senator in the Forty-second General Assem bly of Tennessee; was Postmaster at Covington, Ten nessee, from July 1, 1883, to January 1, 1885, when he resigned, having been elected, in November, 1884, a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-ninth Congress. Tazewell, Henry ; was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1753; lost his father in earl\ life; attended William and Mary College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar; in 1775 was a member of the House of Burgesses, and, in the Con vention of 1776, was on the Committee which re ported the Declaration of Rights and the Constitu tion ; was a member of the House of Delegates for many years; was elected Judge in 1785, and of the first Court of Appeals in 1793; from 1794 to 1799 was United States Senator from Virginia, and President proton, in 1795; took a leading part in the discus sions on the British Treaty, in that body; as a State politician, approved the abolition of primogeniture and entails, and the separation of the Church from the State. Died at Philadelphia, January 24, 1799. Tazewell, Littleton W.; was born at Williams- burg, Virginia, in 1774; was educated at William and Mary College; studied law, and attained great suc cess in his profession; was a member of the Virginia Legislature in 1798; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1801; was a Senator in Congress from 1824 to 1832; was Governor of Virginia from 1834 to 1836; in the Senate, was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and President pro tern, of the Senate during a part of the Twenty- second Congress; in 1820 was one of the Commis sioners under the Florida Treaty, and his last great effort as a lawyer was made in the Supreme Court of the United States in what was known as the "Cochi neal Case. " Died at Norfolk, Virginia, May 6, 1860. Teese, Frederick H.; was born at Newark, New Jersey, October 21, 1823; was educated at Princeton College, and graduated there in 1843; was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practiced law in Newark; in 1860 was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly; was re-elected in 1861, and made Speaker; was appointed Presiding Judge of the Es sex Court of Common Pleas in 18(>4; was re-appoint ed in 1869; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress. Telfair, Edward; was born in Scotland in 1735; educated at Kirkcudbright Gram mar School; removed to America at the age of twenty-three, and resided for some time in Virginia as Agent of a mercantile house; afterwards removed to Halifax, North Caro lina, and thence to Savannah in 1766, where he was a merchant; was an active promoter of the Revolu tion ; served on many of the important Committees of the time, and was one of the party who broke open the magazine at Savannah and removed the powder; was a Delegate to the old Congress in 1778, and from 1780 to 1783; in the latter year was one of the Com missioners to make a Treaty with the Cherokees. Telfair, Thomas ; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1805; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1817. Died at Savannah, Georgia, in April, 1818. Teller, Henry M. ; was born in Allegany Coun ty, New York, May 23, 1830; was well educated; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law as a profession ; removed to Illinois in 1858, and to Colorado in 1861; settled at Central City, Colorado, in the practice of his profes sion; never held any public office until elected a United States Senator from Colorado for the short term, on the admission of that State into the Union, in 1876; was re-elected for the full term, from March 4, 1877; resigned in 1882 to accept the position of Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Arthur, which office he held until March 3, 1885; on the day following, took his seat in the United States Senate as a Senator from Colorado for a full term of six years, to which he had previously been elected. Teller, Isaac ; was born in New York in 1798; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-third Congress, for the une^xpired term of Gil bert Dean, resigned. Died at Matteawan, New Jer sey, April 30, 1868. He was riding in a wagon at the time, and died while holding the reins. He retained his sitting posture, and the horse which he was driv ing continued quietly on his way for over an hour, as it was supposed, after death had ensued, when his condition was observed, and the horse was stopped. Temple, William ; was born in Queen Anne County, Maryland, February 28, 1815; received a good academic education, and adopted the occupa tion of a merchant in Smyrna, Delaware; in 1844 was elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House; the Governor of the State and Presi dent of the Senate having died, he became Acting Governor for the remainder of the term; during the next ten years was a member of the State Senate, and declined a re-election in 1854; was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Died at Smyrna, Delaware, in the sum mer of 1863, before taking his seat. Ten Eyck, Anthony ; was a citizen of Michi gan; was, at one time, connected with the press of that State; in 1845 was appointed a Commissioner, with diplomatic powers, to the Sandwich Islands, re maining there until 1849. Ten Eyck, Egbert ; was born in Rensselaer County, New York, April 18, 1779; graduated at Williams College; studied law in Albany; was a member of the Assembly in 1812 and 1813, and Speaker; was a member of the " Constitutional Con vention" of 1822; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825; also held the offices of Judge of the Jefferson County Court, and President of a County Agricultural Society. Died at Watertown, New York, April 11, 1844. Ten Eyck, John C.; was born at Freehold, New Jersey, March 12, 1814; obtained a classical educa tion under privateltutors; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1835; in 1839 was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for Burlington County, hold ing the position for ten years; was a member of the New Jersey "Constitutional Convention" of 1844; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term com mencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and the Judiciary; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866 494 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Tenney, Samuel ; was born in Byeiield Parish, Newbury, Massachusetts; received a collegiate edu cation at Harvard University, graduating In 1772; commenced the study of medicine; when the Revo lutionary War began was found among the asserters of his country s rights, and was present at the Battle of Bunker s Hill, where he was employed in attend- ang upon the wounded; was attached to the Rhode Island line of the Provincial Army, and served dur ing the whole war; at the close of the war retired from his profession and settled in Exeter, New Hamp shire; for many years was Judge of Probate; in 1800 was elected a Representative from that State in the Congress of the United States, in the place of W. Gordon, resigned, serving until 1807. His death, which occurred in 181(i, was universally regretted. An ardent lover of his country, a faithful expounder of her laws and institutions, and an accomplished scholar, his memory is still fondly cherished by many \vlio knew him. Terrill, William ; was frequently a member ol the Georgia Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1817 to 1821; becoming tired of politics, he took a great interest in the pro motion of agricultural science, and in 1853 made a donation of twenty thousand dollars for the estab lishment of an agricultural professorship in the Uni versity of Georgia, which professorship bears his name; was one of the most accomplished and useful citizens of his State. Died at Sparta, Georgia, July 4, 1855. Terry, Nathaniel ; was born at Enfield, Con necticut, in 1768; graduated at Yale College in 1786; resided in Hartford, Connecticut, and hel 1 various offices in his native State; from 1817 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress. Died in New Haven, June 14, 1844. Terry, William ; was born in Amherst County, Virginia, August 14, 1824; graduated at the Univers ity of Virginia; taught school and read law at the same time; came to the bar in 1851, and settled in Wytheville; there edited a small newspaper and taught school; served in the Confederate Army, and became a General; was elected a Representative to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Military Affairs; in 1874 was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Test, John ; was a native of Salem, New Jersey ; emigrated to Indiana; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1823 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831 ; was presiding Judge of one of the Cir cuit Courts of Indiana; afterwards removed to Mobile, Alabama, where he gained a high reputation for his learning and talents as a lawyer; Died near Cambridge City. Indiana, October 9, 1849. Thacher, George; was born in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, April 12, 1754; graduated at Har vard College in 1776; studied law, and established himself in practice in Biddeford, Maine; was a Dele gate to the old Congress; on the adoption of the Con stitution, served as a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1789 to 1801; in 1792 was elected a District Judge in Maine, serving until 1800, when he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court in Massachusetts; held the latter office uiitil Janu ary, 1824, when he resigned; was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Maine in 1819; was a man of superior abilities, and per formed all his duties to the entire satisfaction of the public; was famous for his wit, and when a bill was reported in Congress respecting the use of the eagle on American coin, playfully recommended a goose, for which he was challenged by the member who re ported the bill, William Blount, and the challenge he ridiculed. Died April 6, 1824. Thacher, J. M.; was born in Vermont; gradu ated at the University of that State; adopted the profession of the law; was, for a time, connected with the bar of Virginia; served as a volunteer officer during the. war of the Union; in 1864 was appointed an Assistant Examiner in the Patent Office; rose by regular promotion, to the rank of Commissioner, to which he was appointed in 1874; in August, 1875, resigned his office to resume the practice of his pro fession, locating in the city of Chicago. Thacher, Samuel ; was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, July 1, 1776; graduated at Harvard University in 1793; adopted the profession of the law; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts from 1802 to 1805; served eleven years in the Massachusetts Legislature; was Sheriff of Lin coln County from 1814 to 1821; in 1866 was a resi dent of Bangor, Maine. Died in Baugor, July 19, 1872. Thayer, Eli; was born at Mendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 11, 1819; graduated at Brown University in 1845; was a teacher in Worces ter Academy for three years; was a farmer by occu pation ; served as Alderman of the city of Worcester in 1853; was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature during the years 1853 and 1854; was elected a Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress from that State, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Militia; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; was the founder of the New England Emigrant Aid Society; was identified with other so cieties of a benevolent character. Thayer, John M.; was born in Bellingham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, January 24, 1820; graduated at Brown University; studied law, and practiced the profession ; removed to the Territory of Nebraska in 1854, where he soon became Brigadier- General of Militia; was a member of the " Territorial Constitutional Convention"; was subsequently elected to the Territorial Legislature; commanded a regiment of infantry during the Rebellion, and, for meritorious services at Fort Donelson and Shiloh. was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General ol Volunteers; also served with distinction at Vicks- burg and Chickasaw Bayou, and for these services was promoted to the rank of Major-General of Volun teers; on the admission of Nebraska into the Union as a State, took his seat in Congress as a Senator for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, Indian Affairs, and Patents; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; in 1875 was appointed Governor of Wyoming. Thayer. M. Russell ; was born in Petersburg, Virginia, jJanuary 27, 1819; graduated at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania in 1840; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims; received from his Alma Mater the two degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Bankrupt Law, and as Chair man of that on Private Land Claims; after leaving Congress, in 1859, became District Judge for Phila delphia, and published various papers connected with literature, law, and politics. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 495 Thayer, William S.; was born in Haverhill. Massachusetts, in 1830; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1850; two years later became associated with the New York Evening Post as correspondent and assistant editor, in which capacity he acquitted him self with marked ability; in 1861 was appointed Consul General to Egypt, where he died April 10, 1864. Thayer, W. W.; was born at Lima, New York, July 15, 1827; was reared on a farm; received a com mon school education; studied law: was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice at Tona- wanda, New York; afterwards followed his profession in Buffalo, New York; in 1862 removed to Benton County, Oregon; in 1863 went to Lewiston, Idaho; was a Representative in the Territorial Legislature in 18(Ji>; in that year was elected District Attorney; re signed in 1867 and removed to Portland, Oregon; in 1878 was elected Governor of Oregon, and served four years. Theaker, Thomas C.; was born in York County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1812; received a good En glish education; removed to Ohio in 1830; devoted the most of his time to the occupation of a millwright and machinist; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Militia, and Enrolled Bills; was subse quently appointed one of a Board of Commissioners to examine into the affairs of the Patent Office; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson. Commis sioner of Patents. Died July 16, 1883. Thifoodeaux, B. GK; was born in Louisiana; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Died in the Parish of Terrebonne, Louisiana, in March, 1866. Thibodeaux, H. S.; was acting Governor of Louisiana from 1822 to 1824. Thomas, Arthur L.; was born at Chicago, Illi nois, August 22, 1851; was educated in the common schools of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; in 1879 was ap pointed Secretary of the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City; in 1880 was appointed United States Supervisor of the Census for the District of Utah, in addition to his other duties; was acting Governor of the Territory during the legislative ses sion of 1879-80, during a part of the session of 1881-82, for three months in 1881, and again in 1883; in the latter year was re-appointed Secretary, for a second term. Thomas, Benjamin S.; was born at Boston, Massachusetts, February 12, 1813; removed to Worcester in 1819; graduated at Brown University in 1830; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833; was a member of the Massachusetts Legisla ture in 1842; was appointed Judge of Probate for the County of Worcester in 1844, resigning the office in 1848; was a Presidential Elector on the Taylor ticket in that year; in 1853 was appointed to the Bench of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, holding the office six years, when he resigned ; subsequently re turned to Boston to practice his profession, residing in West Roxbury; in 1861 was elected a Represent ative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Special Committee on the Bank rupt Law. Thomas, Charles B.; was born in Carteret County, North Carolina, February 7, 1827; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1849; studied and practiced law; was elected one of the Judges of the Superior Court in 1868; was elected to the Forty- second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on Elections. Thomas, Christopher Y.; was born in Pitt- sylvania, Virginia, March 24, 1818; attended a private academy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; in 1859 was elected to the State Senate for four years; in 1867 was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia; in 1869 was again elected to the Legislature; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. Thomas, David ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1801 to 1808; served four years in the Assembly of that State; also held the position of State Treasurer. Thomas, D. B.; after the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not declared entitled to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. Thomas, Edward A.; was born in New York, from which State he was, in 1873, appointed an As sociate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory of Wyoming, residing at Laramie City. Thomas, Francis ; was born in Frederick Coun ty, Maryland, February 3, 1799; was educated at St. John s College, in that State; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; was a member of the House of Delegates in 1822, 1827, and 1829, when he was chosen Speaker; was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland from 1831 to 1841 ; in 1839 was President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; was a member of the Maryland "Constitutional Conven tion" in 1850; was the author of the measure which resulted in the transfer of political power from the slave-holding counties in Maryland to those portions where the white population was generally located; during one term in Congress was Chairman oi the Judiciary Committee, and a report made by him led to the settlement of the boundary difficulties between Ohio and Michigan; from 1841 to 1844 was Governor of Maryland; was, for the sixth time, elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-seventh Congress: \vas re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee; was also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the Judiciary, the Bankrupt Law, and the Postal Railroad to New York; was one of the first men in Maryland to warn the people of the approaching Rebellion, and, after hostilities had commenced, raised a brigade of three thousand Volunteers, but declined all appointments connected with the organization ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; in 1872 was appointed United States Minister to Peru; was killed by accident on a railroad at Frankville, Garrett Coun ty, Maryland, January 22, 1876. Thomas, Isaac ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. Thomas, James ; was Governor of Maryland from 1833 to 1836; was a man of great worth, and held many public trusts. Died in St. Mary s Countj, Maryland, December 25, 1845; aged sixty-one years. 496 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Thomas, James Houston; y a \ bo dell County, North Carolina, September 22, received the degree of A.B. from Columbia College, Tennessee in 18:50; studied and adopted the profes sion oTthe law ; in 1836 was elected Attorney-Gen eral for the State, holding the office six 7* **, for many years, the law partner of James K. V "as a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, Jrom 1847 to 1851; was a Presidential Elector in 1846- in 1859 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Thomas, Jesse B.; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Indiana from 18U8 to 1809; in the latter year was appointed United States Judge of Illinois Territory; was one of the first Senators in Congress from Illinois, holding the position Irom 1818 to 1829, serving on important Committees. Died in February, 1850. Thomas, John A.; was born in New York; be came a resident of Washington City; in 1855 was appointed Assistant Secretary of State. Died in Washington . Thomas, John O.; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1799 to 1801. Thomas, John L., Jr.; was born at Baltimore, Maryland, May 20, 1835; received his education at the Alleghany County Academy; studied law, and came to the bar in 1856; in 1861 was appointed So licitor of the City of Baltimore, holding the office two years; in 1863 was elected State Attorney for Maryland; in 1864 was a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention "; in 1865 was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna tion of E. H. Webster, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Revolutionary Claims, and Retrenchment; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Thomas, John R.; was born at Mount Vernon, Illinois, October 11, 1846; received a common school education; served in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion, rising from the ranks to a Cap taincy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1869; was State s Attorney from 1872 to 1876; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty- sixth and Forty -seventh Congresses; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Thomas, Lorenzo ; was born in Newcastle, Delaware, October 20, 1804; graduated at the West Point Academy, in 1823, as a Second Lieutenant of the Fourth Infantry, and served as such in Florida among the Creek Indians, and in Washington; was commissioned a Captain in 1836; in 1838 was ap pointed Assistant Adjutant-General with the brevet rank of Major; was Chief of Staff in the Florida war in 1839; was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel in 1846, for " gallant and meritorious conduct" at Monterey, in Mexico; in 1848 was made Assistant Adjutant- General, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and assigned to duty in Washington; from 1848 to 1801 was Chief of Staff under General Scott, command ing the army of New York City; in 1861 was ap pointed Adjutant-General of the army, with the brevet of Colonel, and was in the same year brevetted a Brigadier-General; in 1863 was assigned to the special duty of organizing colored troops in the southwest, and subsequently performed a number of inspection tours connected with the Provost- Marshals, and with the national cemeteries of the United States; on February 22, 1868, received, from President Johnson, the appointment of Secre tary of War ad interim, but Secretary Stanton refused to vacate the office, and the conflict of authority ^th us occurring, continued until May 26, when Mr. Stan- ton retired Irom the War Department; it was the ap pointment of General Thomas as Secretary of War, ad interim, by President Johnson, upon which the Articles of Impeachment, presented by the House of Representatives, were grounded, and of the leading charges in which, after due trial, the President was acquitted. Died in Washington, March 2, 1875. Thomas, Ormsby B.; was born at Sandgate, Benningtou County, Vermont, August 21, 1832; re moved, with his parents, to Wisconsin in 1836; re ceived a common school education; studied law, and graduated at the National Law School, at Pough- keepsie, New York; was admitted to the bar at Al bany, New York, in 1856; entered upon the practice of law at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin; was District Attorney of Crawford County, Wisconsin, several terms; was a Representative in the Wisconsin Legis lature in 1862, 1865, and 1867; was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate in 1880 and 1881 ; was a Pres idential Elector in 1872; served as Captain of Com pany D, Thirty-first Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry in the Union Army; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-ninth Congress. Thomas, Philemon ; was a native of North Caro lina, where, during the Revolutionary War, he was engaged in many skirmishes with the British; resided some years in Kentucky; was a member of the Leg islature of that State; afterwards removed to Louis iana; in 1810 and 1811, headed the insurrection of Baton Rouge, which threw off the yoke of Spain from West Florida; was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana, from 1831 to 1835. Died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, 1847, aged eighty- three years. Thomas, Philip Francis ; was born in Talbot County, Maryland, September 12, 1810; was educated at Dickinson College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831; in 1836 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention"; in 1838 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841; was subsequently Judge of the Land Office Court of the Eastern Shore of Maryland; in 1843 and 1845 was elected to the House of Delegates; in 1847 was elected Governor of Maryland; in the early part of 1860 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of the Patent Office; on the resignation of Ho well Cobb, as Secre tary of the Treasury, in December, 1860, was ap pointed Secretary of the Treasury, in Mr. Buchan an s Cabinet; in March, 1867, was elected a Senator in Congress, for the term ending in 1873, but was re jected; was subsequently elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress. Thomas, Richard ; was a soldier in the Revo lutionary War; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1801. Died in Phil adelphia in 1832, aged eighty-seven years. Thomasson, "William P.; was born in Henry County, Kentucky ; commenced the study of law at an early age, and when eighteen was licensed to practice at Corydon, Indiana, from which place he was elected to the Legislature; removed to Louis ville, Kentucky, about the year 1841; was chosen a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1843 to 1847; afterwards went to Chicago, Illinois, where BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS. 497 he was engaged in the practice of his profession until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he served in the Union Army as a Colonel of Volunteers. Thompson, Albert Clifton; was born at Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1842; was educated at Jefferson College, Can- nonsburg, Pennsylvania; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice; served in the Union Army, rising from the rank of Sergeant to that of Captain; was wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, and again at the second battle of Bull Run; removed to Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1865; was Probate Judge of Scioto County from 1869 to 1872; in 1882 was elected Judge of the Common Pleas for the Second Subdivision of the Seventh Judicial District of Ohio, and served until September, 1884, when he resigned; in Novem ber of that year was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-ninth Congress. Thompson, Benjamin ; was born in Massachu setts, in 1798; held many responsible offices in the town of Charlestown, and was several times a Repre sentative in the State Legislature; was twice elected to Congress from the Fourth District of Massachusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847, and again from March, 1851, until his death; he united mental cultivation and sound judgment with great business talent; his services upon the Committee on Military Affairs, dur ing the Mexican War, were especially valuable. Died in Charlestown, September 24, 1852. Thompson, Charles P.; was born at Braintree, Massachusetts, July 30, 1827; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1854; was Second Assistant to the District Attor ney until 1857, when he removed to Gloucester, where he engaged in the practice of his profession ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1871 and 1872; was elected a Representative from Massachu setts to the Forty-fourth Congress. Thompson, Georg-e W.; was born in Ohio in 1806; graduated at Jefferson College in 1826; was United States District Attorney for Virginia in 1849; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1851 and 1852; left Congress for the bench; was the author of "The Living Forces of the Uni verse," in 1866; " Address on the Common Schools," 1841; "Right of Virginia to the Northwest Terri tory"; " Life of Linn Boyd," and contributor to the Boston Quarterly Review. Thompson, Hedge ; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey during the years 1827 and 1828. Died at Salem, July 20, 1828. Thompson, Hugh S.; was born at Charleston, South Carolina, January 24, 1830; was reared in Greenville, in that State; received an academic edu cation, and graduated at the State Military Academy of South Carolina in 1856; in 1858 was appointed Lieutenant and Assistant Professor in that institu tion; in 1859 was made Professor of French in the branch of the Academy located at Columbia; in 1861 was promoted to the rank of Captain, and made Pro fessor of l>elles Letters in the Charleston branch of the Academy ; served in the Confederate Army as an officer of the Corps of Cadets; in 1865 was elected Principal of the Columbia Male Academy, which, I under his charge, acquired a high reputation as a 1 classical school; in 1876 was elected State Superin- i tendent of Education; was re-elected in 1878 and : 1880; in 1882 was elected Governor of South Carolina ; for the term of two years, from December, 1882; was ! re-elected in 1884. Thompson, Jacob ; was born in Caswell Coun ty, North Carolina, May 15, 1810; received his edu cation at the University of Chapel Hill; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; during the suc ceeding y ear removed to the State of Mississippi; was elected to Congress, as a Representative from Mis sissippi, in 1839, and continued to serve in that capacity until 1851; on first taking his seat in Con gress was placed on the Committee on Public Lands, and was for some years Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs; was a defender of Mississippi, and the Democratic party, at the time the cry of repudia tion was ringing throughout the land; in 1845 de clined going into the United States Senate by ap pointment of the Governor of Mississippi, and in 1851 declined an election to the House of Representa tives; was appointed, by President Buchanan, in 1857, Secretary of the Interior; that position he re signed in January, 1861, and joining the Rebellion, served as Governor of Mississippi, and in the in surgent army. Died March 24, 1885. Thompson, James; was born at Middlesex/Xt Butler County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806; re ceived a good education; commenced life as a printer; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828; was elected to the Assembly of his native State in 1832, 1833, and 1834, presiding during the last ses- sion as Speaker; in 1836 was a Presidential Elector; was presiding Judge of the District Court for six years; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851; in l*?\was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for fifteen years; in 1866 was as fi J made Chief Justice. /> J Thompson, Joel ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1813 to 1815, having previously served one year in the State Assembly from Albany, and two years from Chenango County. Thompson, John ; was a member of the New York Assembly from Albany in 1788 and 1789, in 1827 from Delaware County, and in 1802 and 1841 from Dutchess County; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1799 to 1801, and again from 1807 to 1811. Thompson, John; was born at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York, July 4, 1809; was edu cated at Yale and Union Colleges; lived on a farm until sixteen years of age; devoted himself to the law; against his own wishes and consent was elected a Representative in Congress from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Thompson, John ; was a citizen of the Territory of Orleans; in 1808 was appointed, by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the Territory of Orleans. Thompson, John B. ; was born in Kentucky in 1810; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1840 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851; in 1853 was elected a Senator in Congress for the long term ; was a member of the Committee on Pri vate Land Claims, and of that on Pensions. Died at Ff arrisonburg, Kentucky, January 7, 1874. Thompson, John E. "W.; was born at Brook lyn, New York, in 1860; was educated in the com mon schools of New York and Rhode Island, at Weston Military Institute, Weston, Connecticut, and at Lawrence Academy, Groton, Massachusetts; in 1879 entered Yale University, and in 1883 gradu ated from the Medical Department of that institution; in the latter year traveled in Great Britain, and then 498 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. resided in Paris, France, until November, 1884 pi suing advanced medical studies; returning to t United States, he located in New York City in the practice of medicine; in May, 18 J, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Minister Resident and Con sul-General of the United States to St. Domingo. Thompson, John M.; was born in Butler County Pennsylvania, January 4, 1829; was edu cated at fhe common schools, and at Witherspoon Institute; studied law, and was admitted to pract.ce in 1854; entered the Union Army m 1861, was i many important battles, and received several severe wouJds; P rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel; served two terms as a Representative in the 1 enn- svlvania Legislature, the last term as Speaker; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-third Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ebenezer McJunkin; was elected to the Forty-fifth Congress for the full term. Thompson, Mark; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1795 to 1799. Thompson, Philip ; was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Thompson, Philip B., Jr.; was born atHarrods- burg, Kentucky, October 15, 1845; adopted the pro fession of the law; was elected a Representative Irom Kentucky to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Thompson, Philip B.; was born in 1766; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1801 to 1807. Died in Virginia, July 22, 1837. Thompson, Richard W.; was born in Culpep- per County, Virginia, June 9, 1809; received a good English and classical education; his love of adven ture led him into the wilds of Kentucky before he became of age; in 1831 settled in Louisville, and be came a clerk in an extensive mercantile house; tiring of this, removed to Lawrence County, Indiana; taught school for a few months, but again turned his atten tion to merchandise, selling goods, and studying law at the same time; was admitted to the bar in 1834, and was almost immediately elected to the Indiana Legislature; was re-elected in 1835; in 1836 was elected to the State Senate, served two years, and was, for a time, President pro tern, of the Senate, and acting Lieutenant-Governor; was a Presidential Elect or in 1840, and voted for General Harrison, whose election he zealously advocated with his pen and on the stump; in 1841 was elected a Representative in Congress for the term ending in 1843; in 1844 was again chosen a Presidential Elector; was again a Rep resentative in Congress from Indiana from 1847 to 1849, when he declined a re-election; President Tay lor tendered him the appointment of Charge d Affaires to Austria, and President Fillmore the office of Re corder of the General Land Office, both of which he declined; in 1804 was elected a Presidential Elector; was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868; was Secretary of the Navy, in the Cabinet of President Hayes, from 1877 to 1881 ; resigned to be come Vice-President of the Panama Canal Company. Thompson, Robert A.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Thompson, Smith ; was born in Amenia, New York, in 1767; graduated at New Jersey College in 1788; studied law with Chancellor Kent; in 1801 was District Attorney in the Middle District of New York; was Judge of the Supreme Court of New York from 1802 to 1814; was Chief Justice from 1814 to 1818; was Secretary of the Navy from 1818 to 1823; was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1823 until his death; received the degree of LL D. from Yale College in 1824, and from Harvard University in 1835. Died at Poughkeepsie, New York, December 18, 1843. Thompson, Thomas "W.; graduated at Harvard University in 1786; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1805 to 1807; was State Treasurer in 1809; was a United States Senator from 1814 to 1817; was a neighbor, and one of the earliest friends, of Daniel Webster. Died at Concord, in October, 1820, aged fifty-five years. Thompson, Waddy; was born at Pickinsville, South Carolina, September 8, 1798; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1814; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1819; served in the Legisla ture of his native State; was, at one time, Solicitor for the Western Circuit of South Carolina; was chosen a Presidential Elector; attained the military title of Brigadier-General; in 1842 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico, about which country he published an interesting work; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1841. serv ing in 1840 as Chairman of the Committee on Mili tary Affairs. Died in Tallahassee, Florida, Novem ber 23, 18G8. Thompson, Wiley; was a native of Amelia County, Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1821 to 1833. Thompson, William; was born in Pennsyl vania; having settled in Iowa, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851; served through the War of the Rebellion, upwards of four years, as Captain, Major, and Colonel in the First Iowa Cavalry, and, as Brevet Brigadier-General, had command of a Brigade; was subsequently appointed a Captain of Cavalry in the Regular Army. Thompson, William Gr.; was born in Butler County, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1830; was reared on a farm; received a common school education, and attended Witherspoon Institute, Pennsylvania, for two years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; in that year removed to Marion, Iowa; in 1854 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for two years; in 1856 was elected a State Senator for four years; entered the Union Army in 1862 as a Major, and served until 18(>4; was a Presidential Elector in 1864: was elected District Attorney for the Eighth Judicial District of Iowa, and served seven years; was ap pointed Chief Justice of the Territory of Idaho in January 1879, and resigned in April of the same year; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Thomson, Alexander; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1824 to 18:26. Died at his residence in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years. Thomson, Charles; was born at Maghera, Derry, Ireland, November 29, 1729; in 1741 landed, with his three sisters, at New Castle, Delaware, with no other dependence than their own industry; edu cated by D. Allison, he became a teacher at the Friends Academy at New Castle; removing to Phila delphia, obtained the advice and friendship of Dr. Franklin; in 1758 was one of the agents to treat BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 499 with the Indians at Oswego; the Delawares adopted hiiUp and conferred on him an Indian name which means, "one who speaks the truth"; was Secretary of Congress from 1774 to 1789 ; was a good classical scholar; was the author of the "Harmony of the Five Gospels"; a translation of the Old arid New Testa ments, and an Inquiry into the cause of the Aliena tion of the Delawares and Shawnee Indians; re ceived the degree of LL.D. from New Jersey College in 1822. Thomson, John ; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1777; was a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1821) to 1837. Died at New Lisbon, Ohio, December 2, 1852. Thomson, John R.; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 5, 1800; entered Princeton College, but left in the junior year, and devoted him self to mercantile pursuits, making a voyage to China in 1817, and in 1820 established himself as a merchant in Canton, China; was appointed Consul of the United States at that port in 1823, and remained there until 1825; after the year 1830 engaged in the management of several railways and of the New Jer sey Canal; in 1841- was a member of the " Constitu tional Convention " of New Jersey; was United States Senator from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857; was re-elected for the term ending in 1863; was a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Post Office and Post Roads; was offered a seat in the Cabinet of President Buchanan, which he de clined. Died at Trenton, September 13, 1862. Thorington, James ; -was born in North Caro lina; removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Thornburgh, Jacob M.; was born in New market, East Tennessee, July 3, 1837; was educated at Holston College; read law, and came to the bar in 1861; in 1862 joined the Federal Army in Kentucky, and was promoted until he became Colonel of the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry in 1863; served under Generals Rosecrans, Sherman, Thomas, and Canby until the close of the war, when he returned to East Tennessee, and resumed the practice of law; in 1867 removed to Knoxville, and was appointed Attorney- General of the Third District of Tennessee; was elected to the same position in 1869 and 1870; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. Thornton, Anthony; was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, November 9, 1814; graduated at the University of Miami, in Ohio; adopted the pro fession of the law; in 1847 was a member of the Con vention which framed the Constitution of Illinois; in 1850 was a member of the State Legislature; in 18G2 was a Delegate to the Convention to revise the State Constitution; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims and the Select Commit tee on the Bankrupt Law; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Thornton, James B. ; was born at Merrimac, New Hampshire; was Speaker of the State Legisla ture in 1829 and 1830; was the author of " Digest of the Conveyancing, Testamentary, and Registry Laws of the United States " in 1837; was Charge d Affaires to Peru in 1836; was a grandson of Matthew Thorn ton, signer of the " Declaration of Independence." Died at Callao, January 25, 1838, aged thirty-seven years. Thornton, Matthew; was born in Ireland in 1714; came to this country, with his father, in 1717; studied medicine in Massachusetts; settled to prac tice in New Hampshire; was appointed a Surgeon in the army ; commanded a regiment of militia in the Revolutionary War; was President of the "Provin cial Convention" of New Hampshire; was, for six years, Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; wasaDelegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde pendence: also served, for several years, in the Gen eral Court and in the State Senate; was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum throughout the State. Died at Newburyport, Massachusetts, June 24, 1803. Thornton, William; was born in Tortola; set tled in Washington about the time the Seat of Gov ernment was established there; in 1802 was appointed Superintendent of the Patent Office, the title being afterwards changed to Commissioner; remained in the office until 1827, when he died; was the first man ap pointed to take charge of the Bureau, which has since become so important; was also one of the first to act as Commissioner of Public Buildings in Wash ington. Thorp, "William. ; was a native of Delaware; was elected Governor of that State in 1846, remaining in office until 1851. Throckmorton, James W.; was born at Sparta, Tennessee, February 7, 1825; removed, with his father, to Texas in 1841; was a member of the Texas Legislature in 1851, and served in that body until the Civil War in 1861; was elected a member of the Secession Convention of Texas, and was one of the seven who voted against that ordinance; in 1861 entered the Confederate service, and continued actively engaged until 1863; in that year was elected State Senator; was appointed Brigadier-General of State troops, and sent to command the north-west border of the State; at the time of the surrender was negotiating, for Texas and the Confederate States, with the Indians between the Rio Grande and the Arkansas Rivers; was a member of the Reconstruc tion Convention under President Johnson s procla mation, and chosen presiding officer; was elected Governor of Texas in 1866, and was removed under the Reconstruction Acts of 1869; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty -fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; was also elected to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Throop, Enos T.; was born in Johnstown, Mont gomery County, New York, August 21, 1784; while performing the duties of an attorney s clerk, acquired a classical education; studied law, and settled in Auburn; was a Representative in Congress during the years 1815 and 1816; in 1823 was elected Circuit Judge; in 1829 became Lieutenant-Governor of New York, and in 1831 was Governor of that State; in 1838 was appointed Charge d? Affaires to the Two Sicilies. Thruston, Buckner; was born in Virginia, about the year 1763; emigrated, in early life, to Ken tucky, and, being possessed of superior talents, was soon called into the public service; was appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Orleans in 1805; was, the same year,- elected a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky for six years; resigned in 1809, on being appointed, by President Madison, Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the Dis- 500 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. trict of Columbia, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Washington, August 30, 1845. Thurman, Allen G.; was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, November 13, 1813; removed to Ohio in 1819- studied law, and came to the bar in 1835; was a Representative from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth Con gress- was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1851; was Chief Justice of the same from 1854 to 1856; was the Democratic candidate for Gov ernor of Ohio in 1867; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for the term commencing in 186U and ending in 1875, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, and Post Offices and Roads; was re-elected for the term ending in It 181, serving on the most important Committees, and as Chairman of that on Land Claims; resumed the practice of law. Thurman, John B.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851. Died in New York, July 25, 1854. Thurston, Benjamin B.; was born in Hopkin- ton, Rhode Island, June 29, 1804; received a common school education; was bred a merchant; was elected fourteen years in succession to the Assembly of his native State; was a Presidential Elector in 1836; in 1838 was Lieutenant-Governor; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851 to 1857; was subsequently ele^ed a member of the Senate of Rhode Island; removed to New London, Connecticut, where he died May 17, 1886. Thurston, Samuel B.; was born in Maine; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1813; was a Dele gate in Congress from the Territory of Oregon from 1849 to 185L Died on board the steamer California, on her passage from Panama to San Francisco, April 9, 1851. Tibbatts, John W.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847; also served as a Colonel in the Mexican War. Died in Newton, Kentucky, July 12, 1852, aged fifty years. Tibbetts, George ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1803 to 1805; was a mem ber of the State Assembly from Rensselaer County in 1802 and 1820, and of the State Senate from 1815 to 1818. Tichenor, Isaac ; was born at Newark, New Jersey, February 8, 1754; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1775; was an officer of the Revolution; was a Judge, and Chief Justice, of the Supreme Court of Vermont; was a Representative in the State Legisla ture; was a Senator in Congress during the sessions of 1796 and 1797, when he resigned; was Governor of Vermont from 1798 to 1800; was again in the Senate from 1815 to 1821; was a member of the State Coun cil of Censors in 1792 and 1813; was a Boundary Commissioner, and a General Agent of the Govern ment. Died at Bennington, Vermont, December 11, 1838. Tiffin, Edward; was born at Carlisle, England, June 19, 1766; emigrated to the United States in 1786, and settled at Charlestown, Virginia; removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1798; was Speaker of the Ter ritorial Legislature in 1799; was President of the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1802; was elected first Governor of the State from 1803 to 1807; was United States Senator from Ohio from 1807 to 1809; was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office, in 1812, by President Madison; resigned in 1815, when appointed Surveyor-General of the Notfh- west, which position he held until his death, which occurred in Chillicothe, August 9, 1829. Tift, Nelson ; was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Declined, by letter, to give the author any informa tion about himself. Tilden, Daniel B.; was born in Connecticut; having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. Tilden, Samuel J.; was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, in 1814, of old Puritan stock; received his education at Yale College, and the University of New York; adopted the profession of the law; in 1846 was elected to the State Legislature; : soon afterwards to the State Constitutional Conven tion, and also to that held in 1867, of which he was a ruling member, as well as at the head of the State Democratic Committee; was again elected to the State Legislature in 1870; in 1874 was elected Governor of New York, in which capacity he was called to grapple with some of the most noted corruptions of the State, winning the approbation of good men of all political parties; as a lawyer, was engaged in many important trials; was identified with many leading business en terprises of the country; in 1876 was the Democratic candidate for President of the United States, and re ceived a majority of the popular votes cast, but was defeated by one vote in the Electoral College; it was the outcry against the method of his defeat which caused the appointment of the Electoral Commission which decided in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, by a vote of 8 to 7. Mr. Tilden died at his country seat, "Greystone," August 4, 1886. Tilgfhman, Matthew ; was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777. Tilghman, William ; was born in Talbot Coun ty, Maryland, August 12, 1756; removed to Philadel phia with his father; commenced the study of law in 1774; was admitted to the bar in 1783; began to prac tice in Philadelphia in 1793; was appointed Chief Judge of the United States Circuit Court in 1801 ; be came President of the Court of Common Pleas in 1805; was appointed Chief Justice of the State Su- . preme Court in 1806, in place of Edward, who de clined; was a member of the Legislature for several years, from 1788; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University in 1814; was President of the Philosophical Society in 1824; in 1809 prepared a re- i port of the English Statutes in force within the ; State; an eulogium on Dr. Wistar in 1818; an address before the Philadelphia Society for promoting agri culture. Died in Philadelphia. Tillinghast, Joseph L.; was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1791 ; removed to Rhode Island in his boyhood; graduated at Brown University in 181 9, and received the degree of M. A. ; in 1833 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of that institu tion; studied law, and devoted himself to its prac tice in Providence, with marked success for thirty years; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1837 to 1843; was, for many years, a member of the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker on several occasions; to him was awarded the authorship of the free schools, and improved judi ciary system of his native State. Died December 30, 1844, at Providence, Rhode Island. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 501 Tillinghast, Thomas ; was born in Rhode Is land; was. for many years, a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803. Tillman, George D.; was born in Edgefield County, South Carolina, August 21, 1826; received an academic education, and studied for some time at Harvard College; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848; practiced, for some time, at Edgefield Court House; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1854 and 1855, and again in 1864; served in the Confederate Army from 1862 to 1865; engaged in cotton planting; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1865, and a State Senator in that year; was an unsuccessful contestant for a seat in the Forty-fifth Congress; was elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Forty- sixth Congress; was again defeated in the contest for a seat in the Forty -seventh Congress; was again elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Tillman, Lewis ; was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, August 18, 1816; received a common school education; devoted himself to farming; was Clerk of the Circuit Court frpin 1852 to 1860; of the Chancery Court from 1865 to 1868; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Patents, and Freedmen s Affairs. Tilton, Daniel ; was appointed, by President Adams, in 1798, United States Judge for the Terri tory of Mississippi. Tilton, James ; was born in Delaware, June 1, 1751 ; was a physician by profession, and became dis tinguished as a Surgeon during the Revolutionary War; from 1777 to the close of the war, acted as Hospital Surgeon, and introduced the use of hospital huts; after the war resided for a few years on a farm in his native State; was a Delegate in the Conti nental Congress from 1783 to 1785; in 1785 was ap pointed Commissioner of Loans; in 1812 was ap pointed Surgeon-General of the United States Army; published "Observations on Military Hospitals," and some papers on agriculture. Died May 14, 1822. Tipton, John ; was born in Tennessee in 1785; removed to Indiana in 1806; was a Senator in Con gress from Indiana from 1831 to 1839. Died at Lo- gansport, of apoplexy, in 1839. Tipton, Thomas F.; was born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 29, 1833; removed to McLean County, Illinois, in 1843; studied and practiced law; was State s Attorney for the Eighth Judicial District in 1867 and 1868; "was elected Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit in 1870, and under the re-organiza tion of Circuits was elected Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial Circuit; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty -fifth Congress. Tipton, Thomas W.; was born in Harrison County, Ohio, in 1817; spent his early life on a farm; graduated at Madison College, Pennsylvania, in 1840; studied law, and came to the bar in 1844; in 1845 was elected to the Ohio Legislature; was for three years at the head of a Division of the General Land Office in Washington; removed to Nebraska Ter ritory, and was chosen a Delegate to the "Constitu tional Convention"; in 1860 was a Councilman in the Territorial Legislature; having studied theology, served during the Rebellion as Chaplain of the First Regiment of Nebraska Infantry; was elected a Sena tor in Congress from the new State of Nebraska for the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, Pensions, and Public Lands. Titcomb, Jonathan; was born in Newbury, Massachusetts, in 1728; was a member of the Com mittee of Safety, and of the Provincial Congress in 1774 and 1775; was a Colonel of a Regiment in the Rhode Island Expedition in 1778; was a member of the Slate Convention in 1780; was a Brigadier-Gen eral of Militia; was Naval officer of Newburyport from 1789 to 1812. Died in 1817. Titus, John; was born in Pennsylvania; was ap pointed, from that State, an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Arizona; was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the same Court for the Territory of Utah, presiding at Salt Lake City. Titus, Obediah ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1837 to 1839. Tod, David ; was born at Youngstown, Ohio, February 21, 1805; studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1827; practiced at Warren fifteen years; in 1838 was a member of the State Sen ate; in 1840 took the stump for Van Buren; in 1844 was nominated for Governor, but defeated by a small majority; was Minister to Brazil from 1847 to 1852; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, and was first Vice-President of that body; when the Southern wing of that party withdrew to Baltimore, he was its President; warmly advocated the Peace Measures before and after the Peace Congress at Washington; was elected Governor of Ohio in 1862, and gave his support to the Government during his term of two years. Died at Youngstown, Ohio, No vember, 13, 1868. Todd, Charles S.; was born near Danville, Ken tucky, January 22, 1791; was educated at the best schools of the State; graduated at William and Mary College in 1809; studied law with his father, Judge Thomas Todd, and attended lectures at Litchfield; practiced at Lexington in 1811; entered the army in 1812 as Acting Quartermaster of the Northwestern Division; was on General Harrison s staff, and bearer of dispatches to General Winchester previous to the battle of the River Raison; was Captain of the Sev enteenth United States Infantry; then Aid to the Commander; was Deputy Inspector-General of the Eighth Military District; then Adjutant-General; in 1815 was Inspector-General, with rank of Brevet- Colonel of Cavalry; after the war practiced law in Frankfort; was Secretary of State under Madison in 1816; was a member of the Legislature in 1817 and 1818; was Charge d Affaires to Colombia from 1818 to 1823; on his return settled in Shelby County as a farmer; was Vice-President of the State Agricultural Society for several years; prepared sketches ol tin. life of Harrison in 1840; edited the Cincinnati Re publican; accompanied ^General Harrison to Wash ington in 1841; was selected by him as Minister to Vienna, but the death of the President prevented the appointment; received the mission to St. Petersburg, from President Tyler, in 1841, and held the position until recalled by President Polk, in 1845, after which he retired to private life in Kentucky. Died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May 14, 1871. Todd, John ; was born at Hartford, Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1824. Died March 28, 1830. 502 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Todd, John B. S.; was born at Lexington, Ken tucky, April 4, 1814; when thirteen years of age went, with his parents, to Illinois; graduated at West Point in 1837; served in the army eighteen years, rendering much important service; after his retire ment from the army, became a trader with the In dians; in 1861 was elected a Delegate to Congress from Dakota; when the Rebellion commenced, was appointed a Brigadier-General, and commanded a division in the Army of Tennessee; was re-elected a Delegate to Congress, where he served until 1865; was one of the founders of Yankton, and claimed as the leading citizen of Dakota in his time. Died at Yanktou, January 5, 1872. He was connected, by marriage, with Abraham Lincoln and John C. Breck- enridge. Todd, Lemuel; was born at Carlisle, Pennsyl vania, July 29, 1817; graduated at Dickinson Col lege; studied and practiced law; was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress; served in the Rebellion as Major of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Reserve Corps, and afterwards as Inspector-General of Pennsylvania; was elected to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Navy De partment and Elections. Todd, Thomas ; was born in King and Queen County, Virginia, January 23, 1765; was left an or phan at the age of eleven; received a good English education; was a soldier of the Revolution; emi grated to Kentucky in 1786, and began to practice law at Danville ; was Clerk of the District Court of Kentucky until 1799; was Clerk of the Court of Appeals from 1799 to 1801; was Judge of that Court from 1801 to 1806: was Chief Justice of Kentucky in 1806 and 1807; Associate Judge of the Supreme Court from 1807 until his death, which occurred i February 7, 1826. Was the father of Charles Scott Todd. Toland, George W.; was born in Pennsyl vania; graduated at Princeton College in 1816; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843. Tomlinson, Gideon; was born at Stratford, Connecticut, December 31, 1780; graduated at Yale College in 1802; studied law, and practiced the pro fession in Fairfield; in 1818 was chosen a Representa tive in Congress, in which office he was continued till 1827; in that year was chosen Governor of Con necticut, and remained in that station until March, 1831, when, on being elected a Senator of the United States, he resigned his office as Governor; after six years service retired to private life. Died October 8, 1854, at Fail-field, Connecticut. Tomlinson, Thomas A.; was born in New York; served in the State Assembly from Essex County in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. Tomkins, Caleb; was born in Westchester County, New York; was a member of the New York Assembly from that County from 18J4 to 1806; was elected a Representative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1821. Tomkins, Christopher; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1835 Died at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 1845. Tomkins, Cydnor B.; was born in Belmont County, Ohio, November 8, 1810; was educated at the Ohio University, at Athens; was bred a farmer- after wards studied law; practiced for twenty-two years- was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- I fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on the Militia; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af fairs. Tomkins, Daniel D.; was -born in Westchester County, New York, June 21, 1774; his father was a farmer, and he was the seventh son; graduated at Columbia College in 1795; then studied law, and was admitted to practice in the City of New York in 1797; in 1821 was a member of the "Constitutional Convention" of the State; also served in the State Legislature; was elected a Representative in Con gress from 1805 to 1807; resigned to accept an ap pointment as an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1807 was elected Governor of the State, and held that office two years; his aid in support of the National Government during the War of 1812 gave him prominence as a statesman; he prorogued the State Legislature in 1812 for the space often months, to prevent the establishment of the Bank of America in the City of New York; his op position postponed, but did not defeat the measure, and a charter was granted in 1813: in 1817 resigned the office of Governor, and was elected Vice-President of the United States; served two years. Died in New York, June 11, 1825. Tompkins, George ; was an early settler of Mis souri; was a Judge of the State Supreme Court from 1828 to 1840; was its Chief Justice from 1840 to 1846. Died near Jefferson City, Missouri, April 7, 1846, aged sixty-six years. Tompkins, Patrick "W.; was born in Ken tucky; settling in Mississippi, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Toole, Joseph Kemp ; was born at Savannah, Missouri, May 12, 1851; was educated in the public schools of Saint Joseph, Missouri, and at the Western Military Academy, at New Castle, Kentucky; settled at Helena, Montana; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Helenn, Montana; in 1872 was elected District Attorney of the Third Judicial District in Montana; was re-elected, in 1874, without opposition; in 1881 was elected a member of the Council of the Twelfth Legislative Assembly of Montana, and was chosen President of the Council; was elected a member of the Constitu tional Convention which met in Helena in January, 1884; in 1884 was elected the Delegate from Montana to the Forty -ninth Congress. Toombs, Robert ; was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, July 2, 1810; the first three years of his collegiate life were spent at the University of Georgia, but he left it during the senior year; went to Schenectady, New York, and graduated at Union College; read law at the University of Virginia, under Judge Lomas; was admitted to the bar of Georgia in 1829, and practiced until his election to Congress in 1845; his first public service was as Cap tain of Volunteers in the Creek War, in 1836, under General Winfield Scott; in 1837 was elected to the Legislature from his native County, and, with the exception of 1841, continued a member of the lower branch until his election to the Federal House of Representatives, where he served during the Twenty- ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses; entered the Senate during the Thirty- third Congress for six years, and was re-elected for a second term ending March 4, 1865; was expelled March 14, 1861, and became Secretary of State in the Con federate Government; was also a Brigadier-General in the great Rebellion. Died December 14, 1885. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 503 Toucey, Isaac; was born in Newtown, Connec ticut, Novembers, 1796; received a thorough classi cal education; studied law, and commenced the prac tice at Hartford in 1818; was appointed State s Attor ney in 1822, and continued to hold that office until 1835; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut from 1835 to 1839; was Governor of the State from 1846 to 1847; was appointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Polk ; was a State Senator in 1850; was a Senator in Congress from 1852 to 1857; in March of the latter year went into Presi dent Buchanan s Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy, serving as such until 1861; subsequently founded two scholarships in Trinity College. Died in Hart ford, July 30, 1869. Toulmin, Harry; was born at Taunton, En gland, in 1767; was a dissenting minister at Choro- bert, Lancashire; came to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1793; was President of Transylvania University from 1794 to 1796; Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1796 to 1804; was appointed Judge of United States District Court of Mississippi in 1804; compiled Digest of Ter ritorial Laws of Alabama in 1823; assisted in fram ing the Constitution of Alabama in her Convention, and served in the Legislature; was the author of "Description of Kentucky," 8vo, 1802; "Magis trate s Assistant," 8vo; "Supposed Welsh Indians," Nic. Journal, 1809; "Collection of the Acts of Ken tucky," 1802, and, with James Blair, "Review of the Criminal Law of Kentucky," 8vo, 1804. Towles, Thomas; was born in Ireland; WRS well educated; in 1815 was appointed United States Judge for the Territory of Illinois; after the State government had been organized, was appointed Dis trict Judge, but held the office only a short time. Towns, George "W.; was born in Wilkes Coun ty, Georgia, May 4, 1802; was prevented, by ill- health, from receiving a collegiate education, and commenced life as a merchant; afterwards studied law; was admitted to the bar of Alabama in 1824, and, for a time, edited a political paper; in 1826 re turned to Georgia, and settled in Talbot County; served, for several years, in the Legislature of that State; was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was again elected in 1846; his last public position was that of Governor of Georgia, to which office lie was elected in 1847, and was re-elected in 1849. Died at Macon, July 15, 1854. Townsend, Amos; was born in Fayette Coun ty, Pennsylvania, in 1831; removed to Cleveland, Ohio, at an early age; engaged in commercial pur suits; served in the City Council for ten years, seven years as President of the Council; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1873; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Townsend, Dwight ; was born in the city of New York in 1826; was educated at the Grammar School of Columbia College; entered mercantile life when twenty-one years of age; retired from business in 1862; in 1864 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry G. Steb- bins, serving on the Committees on Coinage, Weights and Measures; was also elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Townsend, George; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1819. Townsend, James ; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Second Congress. Died . 1791. Townsend, Martin I.; was born at Hancock, Massachusetts, February 6, 1810; was educated at Williams College, and graduated in 1833; from 1818 to 1833 resided upon a farm with his parents, at Wil- liamstown, Massachusetts; in 1833 began the practice of law at Troy, New York; was District Attorney of Rensselaer County from 1842 to 1845; was a member of the Constitutional Convention for the State at Large in 1867 and 1868; for several years a Regent of the University of New York ; was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress; declined a re-nomination; in 1879 was appointed United States District Attorney. Townsend, N. S.; was born in England; settled in Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Townsend, "Washington ; was born in West- chester, Pennsylvania, in 1813; in 1832 became a tel ler in the Bank of Chester County, during which ser vice he studied law, and came to the bar in 1844; served two terms as Deputy State s Attorney; was Cashier of the Chester County Bank, which position he resigned in 1857, to devote all his attention to the practice of law; was a Delegate to the Baltimore National Convention of 1852, and also to the Chicago Convention of 1800; in 1868 was elected a Represent ative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Education and Labor; was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. Townshend, Richard W.; was born in Prince George s County, Maryland, April 30, 1840; removed to Washington City, District of Columbia, when ten years of age, and there received a good education; in 1858 removed to Illinois; taught school; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1862; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Hamilton County from 1863 to 1868; was Prosecuting Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of the State from 1868 to 1872; in 1873 removed to Shawneetown, Illinois; was a mem ber of the Democratic State Central Committee in 1864, 1865, 1874 and 1875; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1872; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty- ninth Congresses. Tracy, Albert H.; was born in Norwich, Con necticut, June 17, 1793; received a classical educa tion; studied medicine with his father; when eighteen years of age removed to New York State; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815; served three terms in Congress from 1819 to 18 _ 5 as a Representative from a district comprising almost the whole of that part of New York west of Seneca Lake; in 1829 was elected to the Senate of New York for four years; was re-elected for a second term of four years; was a supporter of Mr. Adams for President, and declined a seat in his Cabinet; also declined a Judgeship tendered by Governor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, September 19, 1859. Tracy, Andrew; was born in Vermont; was educated a lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855; served ten years in the State Legislature, a part of the time in each House, and was Speaker from 1842 to 1845. Died in Woodstock, Vermont, October 28, 1868. Tracy, H. W.; was born in Luzerne Connty, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1807; was bred a farmer; devoted some attention to mercantile pur- 504 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. suits; in 1861 and 1862 was elected to the State Legislature; was a member of the "Chicago Conven tion" which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees for the District of Columbia, and on Expendi tures in the Navy Department; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Tracy, Phineas L.; was born in Norwich, Con necticut; graduated at Yale College in 1806; was a Representative in Congress from Genesee County, New York, from 1827 to 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Build- Tracy, Uri ; was born in Franklin, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1789; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813. Died in 1813. Tracy, Uriah ; was born at Franklin, Connecti cut, February 2, 1755; graduated at Yale College in 1778; read law in Litchfield, and settled in that town; was often chosen a State Representative, and in 1793 was Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1796; from 1796 to 1807 was a Senator of the United States, officiating for a short time as President pro tan. of the Senate; was also a Major-General of Militia; commanded the respect and enjoyed the friendship of the leading men of his time. Died at Washington City, July 19, 1807, and was the first person buried in the Congressional burying- ground. Trafton, Mark ; was born in Maine; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Train, Charles B.; was born at Framington, Massachusetts, in 1817; worked on a farm until the age of fifteen; graduated at Brown University in 1837; studied law, and finished his legal education at Cambridge, coming to the bar in 1841; was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1H47; from 1848 to 1851 was District Attorney for Northern Massachu setts; in 1852 was appointed, by President Fillmore, an Associate Judge of the United States Court in Oregon, but declined the office; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1853; was a second time appointed District Attorney; in 1857 and 1858 served as a member of the State Council ; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds; was re- elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings- during the autumn of 18(52 served in the army as a Volunteer Aid on the Staff of his ii-iend, General Gordon, and was present at the battle of Antietara; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866; in 1875 was elected Attorney-General of Massachusetts. Trapier, Paul ; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778. Tread well, John; was born at Farmington Connecticut, November 23, 1745; graduated at Yale College in 1767; studied law; filled the offices of Judge of Probate, and of other Courts; from 1785 to 178, J was a Delegate to the Continental Congress- in 1809 was elected Governor of Connecticut, and terved two years; was the first President of the American Foreign Mission Society, and was a gen eral contributor to that and other charitable institu tions. Died August 19, 1823. Treat, Samuel ; was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, December 17, 1815; was prepared for college at the Portsmouth High School, of which he was Assistant Principal for 1832-3; entered Harvard University in 1833, and graduated therefrom in 1837; in 1837-8 was tutor of mathematics and classics in the Weld School, at Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; was Principal of Temple Hill Academy, Geneseo, New York, from 1838 to 1841; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841; became assistant editor of the Missouri Reporter, at St. Louis, Missouri, and subsequently editor-in-chief of the St. Louis Union, practicing law in addition to his editorial duties; in 1849 was appointed Judge of the Court of* Common Pleas of St. Louis, and in 1851 was elected to that position; while holding that office, in 1857, was ap pointed United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri. Tredway, William M.; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. Tredwell, Thomas; was born in Smithtown, Suffolk County, Long Island, in 1742; graduated at Princeton College in 1764; was a member of the Pro vincial Congress of the Colony of New York in 1775 and 1776; was also a member of the Convention of Representatives of the State of New York in 1776 and 1777, by which the first Constitution of the State of New York was adopted, and was, for many years, the last surviving member of that body; also represented his native county in the Convention of 1788, to deliberate upon the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and, with the other "anti-federalists" of that body, voted against its adoption; from 1777 to 1783 was a member of the Assembly, and from 1786 to 1789 of the State Senate from the same county; was the first Judge of the Court of Probate of the State, serving from 1778 to 1787; was subse quently Surrogate of Suffolk County from 1787 to 1791; was a member of Congress from his native District from 1791 to 1795; was one of the original proprietors of Plattsburg, Clinton County, New York, to which place he removed in its infancy, near the close of the last century; in 1801 represented the counties of Clinton and Essex in the "State Consti tutional Convention" of that year, of which Aaron Burr was President; was again elected to the State Senate, and served from 1803 to 1807; was appointed Surrogate of Clinton County in 1807, nnd held that office until 1831, making an almost continuous term of public service of fifty-six years; his house and farm at Plattsburg were pillaged by the British dur ing their invasion, in July, 1813. Died at Platts burg, January 30, 1832. His grandson, Thomas Tredwell Davis, was a member of the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses. Tree, Lambert ; was born at Washington, Dis trict of Columbia, November 29, 1832; received a classical education ; read law in the office of James Mandeville Carlisle, at Washington, for two years, and completed his law studies at the University of Virginia; was admitted to the bar, at Washington City, in October, 1855; a few months later settled in Chicago, Illinois, in the practice of law; in 1864 was elected President of the Chicago Law Institute; in 1870 was elected one of the Circuit Judges at Chica go to fill an unexpired term, and was re-elected for a full term; in 1875 resigned because of ill-health, and passed several succeeding years in European travel j BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 505 in 1884 was a Delegate to the Democratic Nationa Convention; in 1885 was the candidate of the Dem ocrats in the State Legislature for United States Sen ator, but was defeated, by General John A. Logan, by one vote; in July, 1885, was appointed, by Presi dent Cleveland, United States Minister to Belgium. Tremain, Lyman; was born at Durham, New York, June 14, 1819; received a liberal education studied law, and came to the bar in 1840; was elected Supervisor in 1842; was appointed District Attorney of Greene County in 1844; was elected County Judge and Surrogate in 1846; was elected Attorney-General of the State of New York in 1858; in 1866 a member of the Assembly from the city of Albany, and was Speaker in 1868; was elected to the Forty-third Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary and other important Committees. Trenholm, "William Lee ; was born at Charles ton, South Carolina, February 3, 1836; graduated from the South Carolina College in December, 1855; became partner in the commercial houses of John Eraser & Co., Charleston; Trenholm Bro. s & Co., New York, and Fraser, Trenholm & Co., Liverpool, England; lived in England two years; volunteered for service with the South Carolina State troops in December, I860; served in the Confederate Army throughout the War of the Rebellion; in 1865 re sumed business in Charleston; in November, 1885, was appointed one of the Commissioners of the Civil Service of the United States; in March, 1886, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Comptroller of the Currency in the Department of the Treasury; with two exceptions, never before held any public office, and was never a candidate for any place filled by election; on both these occasions he consented to run, and was elected one of the Aldermen of Charleston, South Carolina, on tickets specially made up for an unusual occasion and supported distinctively by the business elements of the community. Trescott, William H.; was born in South Caro lina; received a liberal education; in 1852 was ap pointed Secretary of Legation to London; in 1860 received the appointment of Assistant Secretary of State in Washington; in 1880 was sent as a Special Envoy to China to negotiate a treaty with that country, in which mission he was successful; in 1881 was sent as a Special Envoy to Chili and Peru to ex ercise his good offices in arranging a peace between those two countries. Trezvant, James ; was born in Sussex County, Virginia; was a lawyer by profession; was Attorney for the State; was a member of the State Legislature and of the Constitutional Convention of 1830; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1831, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Committee on Military Pensions. Died in 1838. Trigg, Abram; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1797 to 1809. Trigg, Connally F.; was born in Virginia; re moved to Tennessee and settled in Bristol; in 1862 was appointed United States Judge for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Trigg, Connally F.; was born in Abingdon, Virginia, September 18, 1847; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Abingdon; in 1872 was elected Commonwealth Attorney for Washington County, Virginia; held the position, by successive re-elections, until 1884, when he resigned, having been elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-ninth Congress. Trigg, John ; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1804. Trimble, Allen ; was born in Augusta County, Virginia, November 24, 1783; settled in Highland County, Ohio, where he was Clerk of the Courts and Recorder from 1809 to 1816; commanded a mounted regiment under Harrison in 1812 and 1813; in 1816 was a State Representative; from 1817 to 1826 State Senator, and Speaker from 1819 to 1826; was acting Governor in 1821 and 1822; was Governor from 1826 to 1830; was President of the first State Board of Agri culture from 1846 to 1848. Died in Hillsborough, Ohio, February 2, 1870. Trimble, Gary A.; was born at Hillsborough, Ohio, September 13, 1813; graduated at the Ohio University in 1833; studied medicine, and received a medical diploma from the Cincinnati Medical College in 1836; in 1837 was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Mater, which position he held until 1841, when he settled in Chillicothe; in 1839, on account of his health, retired from his profession, and devoted himself to farming; was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands; re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Trimble, David; was born in Frederick County, Virginia, about the year 1782; was educated at Wil liam and Mary College; studied law, and when he came of age removed to Kentucky; was engaged in the War of 1812, serving two campaigns under Gen eral Harrison; in 1817 was chosen a member of Con gress from Kentucky, and served without interrup tion until 1827, being highly esteemed for the integ rity of his principles and his devotion to his public duties; after his retirement from Congress, became engaged in agriculture and iron manufacture, and in the latter interest did much to develop the resources of the State. Died at Trimble s Furnace, Kentucky, October 26, 1842. Trimble, John; was born in Roane County, Tennessee, February 7, 1812; graduated at the Nash ville University; studied law and adopted the pro fession; from 1836 to 1841 was Attorney-General of the State for the Nashville District; was a member of the State Assembly from 1843 to 1845; of the State Senate from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1859 to 1861; in 1862 was appointed, by President Lincoln, District Attorney of the United States for Middle Tennessee, which office he resigned in 1864; was again in the State Senate from 1865 to 1867, when he resigned; was elected a Representative from Tennes see to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Freedmen s Affairs, and Private Land Claims. Trimble, Lawrence S.; was born in Fleming, Kentucky, August 26, 1825; received a good English education; studied law, and adopted that profession; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was Judge of the Equity and Criminal Court of the First Judicial District of the State from 1856 to 1860; from 1860 to October, 1865, was Presi dent of the New Orleans and Ohio Railroad Com pany; was elected a Representative from Kentucky bo the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims, on Manufactures, and Revenue Frauds; re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and was placed on the Com mittees on Invalid Pensions and Indian Affairs. Trimble, Robert ; was born in Berkley County, Virginia, in 1776; received a good plain education; studied law; came to the bar in 1803, and settled in 506 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Kentucky; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature; in 1808 was chosen Judge ot the Lour of Appeals but soon resigned the position; in H was made Chief Justice of the State; in 1813 became District Attorney for the State; in 1816 ap- pointed Federal Judge of Kentucky, by President Madison; in 1826 was appointed, by Presi ident J. y. Adams a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United .States; a County in Kentucky was named for him. Died August 25, 1828. Trimble, William ; was a native of Kentucky; was well educated, and a successful lawyer; was an early emigrant to the Territory of Arkansas, where he was appointed United States Judge for that Terri tory, remaining in office until 1832. Trimble, "William A.; was born at Woodford, Kentucky. April 4, 1786; was educated at Transyl vania University; studied law with his relative, Judge Robert Trimble, and afterwards at Litchfield, Connecticut; settled to practice in Highland, Ohio, 1811; was Adjutant in the regiment of his brother m 1812; was Major of Ohio Volunteers in 1812; was Major Sixth Infantry in 1813; was brevetted Lieu tenant-Colonel for gallantry at Fort Erie sortie in 1814, in which he was severely wounded; was Lieu tenant-Colonel of First Infantry from 1814 to 1819; was United States Senator from Ohio from 1819 to 1821 ; was Commissioner with General Cass to treat with the Northwestern Indians at Green Bay. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, December 13, 1821. Triplett, Philip ; was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 183!) to 1843. Tripp, Bartlett ; was born at Harmony, Maine, July 15, 1839; attended the district school until fifteen years of age; then taught school and earned the means with which to pursue his studies; was prepared for college at the academies at Hartland and Corinne, Maine; in 1857 entered Waterville Col lege; left in his senior year, in 1861, and went to California; was engaged in surveying, teaching, and studying law, in California, Nevada, and Utah, for four years; in 1866 took the Law Course at Albany, New York, and was admitted to the bar; in 1867 en gaged in the practice of law at Augusta, Maine, as the partner of Eben F. Pillsbury; in 1868 was elect ed an Alderman ; in 1869 removed to Yankton, Da kota, and continued the practice of his profession; in 1878 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress; in 1883 was a Delegate to the first Constitutional Con vention of the Territory, and was elected President of that body; was also President of the new State Ex ecutive Committee; in 1883 was elected President of the Bar Association of the Second Judicial District, and, in 1885, was elected first President of the Senatorial Bar Association; in December, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory. Tripp, Robert P.; was born in Georgia; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. Tritle, Frederick A.; was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1833; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1855; in the same year removed to Des Moines, Iowa, and commenced the practice of law; in 1859 emigrated to the Pacific Coast, settling at Carson City, Nevada, in 1860; in 1863 removed to Virginia City, Nevada, and became President of the Belcher Mining Company, which position he filled until 1868; in 1866 was elected State Senator for an uuexpired term, and was re-elected, for a full term, in 18U8; was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1870; engaged in the brokerage business; in 1881 removed to Arizona; in 1882 was appointed, by President Arthur, Governor of the Territory of Ari zona for the term of four years. Trotter, F. James ; was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi during the year 1838. Troup, George M.; was born on the Tombigbee River, in Georgia, September 8, 1780; graduated at Princeton College; studied law; in 1800 was elected to the Legislature of Georgia; was three times re- elected; was a Representative in Congress from Geor gia, from 1807 to 1815; was a United States Senator from 1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to 1834; from 1823 to 1827 was Governor of Georgia. Died in Lauren* County, Georgia, May 3, 1856. He was an advocate , of State rights, and a champion of State sovereignty. Troup, Robert ; was born in New York in 1757; graduated at Columbia College in 1774; studied law in the office of John Jay; joined the Revolutionary Army at Long Island, as a Lieutenant, in 1776; was shortly after appointed Aid to General Woodhall; was taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island, and confined for some time in the Jersey prison-ship, and afterwards in the Provost prison in New York; was exchanged in 1777, and joined the army in Ne\v Jersey; joined General Gates, as Aid, at Saratoga, and was at the battle of Still water, and at the sur render of Bourgoyne, in 1777; was appointed, by Congress, in 1778, Secretary of the Board of War; in 1779 went to New Jersey, and completed his law studies; after the close of the war became Judge of the United States District Court of New York, and held that office many years; was a member of the State Legislature; in 1822 published a letter on the Lake Canal policy of New York; "Vindication of the Claim of Elkanah Watson " in 1821; "Remarks on Trinity Church Bill" in 1813; was the warm personal friend of Alexander Hamilton; resided, ibr many years, at Geneva, New York, as agent of the great Pulteney estate. Died in New York, January 14, 1822. Trousdale, "William; was born in Tennessee; was appointed Colonel of Tennessee Mounted Volun teers in the Florida War, in 1836; Colonel of the Fourth United States Infantry in 1847; Brevet Brig adier-General in 1848, for gallant and meritorious conduct at Chapultepec, where he was severely wounded; was Governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1851; was Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil in 1853. Trout, Michael C.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Trowbridge, Rowland E.; was born at El- mira, New York, June 18, 1821; removed, with his parents, to Michigan, when a child; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1841; devoted himself to farming; was elected to the Senate of Michigan in 1856 and 1858; in I860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; was also elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Agriculture; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention"; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Agriculture. Died at Detroit, April 3, 1883. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 507 Truett, George; was Governor of Delaware from 1808 to 1811. Died in Camden, Delaware, October 8, 1818, aged sixty-two years. Trumbo, Andrew ; was born in Montgomery County, (now Bath), Kentucky, September 13, 1799; received a limited English education; at the age of fif teen went into the County Clerk s office, and afterwards became clerk; studied law, and commenced practice in 1824; was a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Congress; was one of the Presidential Electors of Kentucky in 1848. Trumbull, Jonathan; was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, June 10, 1710; graduated at Harvard University in 1727; after a few years service in the ministry, studied law and became eminent in its practice; was a member of the Assembly at the age of twenty-three; was chosen Lieutenant-Governor in 1766, and Chief Justice of the Superior Court; re fused to take t .ie oath enjoined on royal officers; was made Governor from 1769 to 1783; was the only Co lonial Governor who took side with the people; was a Whig leader and was relied on by Washington as one of his firm supporters; the phrase sometimes used by Washington, " Let us see what Brother Jonathan says," is supposed to have originated the term fre quently applied to the United States; he received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1779, and from Edinburgh in 1785. Died August 17, 1785. Trumbull, Jonathan; was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, March 26, 1740; graduated at Harvard College in 1759; in 1775 was appointed, by Congress, Paymaster in the Northern Department of the army, and not long after was attached to the family of Washington as Secretary and first Aid, in which po sition he continued until the close of the war; was, for several years, a Representative in the State Legis lature of Connecticut, and Speaker of the House; was a Presidential Elector in 1797, 1801 and 1805; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1789 to 1795; was elected Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives in 1791, and continued in that station un til transferred to the United States Senate in 1795, where he served only one year; was elected Lieuten ant-Governor of Connecticut, and resigned the Sena- torship; in 1798 was elected Governor, in which po sition he remained until his death, which occurred August 7, 1809. Trumbull, Joseph; was born March 11, 1737; graduated at Harvard University in 1756; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775; was a Commissioner for the Board of War in 1777; resigned the next year on account of ill-health; was Commissary-General in the Revolutionary Army from 1775 to 1777. Died July 23, 1778. Was the son of Jonathan Trumbull. In 1779 Congress made an eulogistic report on his services and voted to his heirs a commission on the sums received and issued, and the purchases made by him. Trumbull, Joseph; was born in Lebanon, Con necticut, December 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1801; studied law, and practiced with success in Ohio; was President of the Hartford Bank for eleven years; served in the General Assembly in 1832, 1848, and 1851 ; was President of a Railroad Com pany; received from Yale College the degree of LL. D. ; was a Representative in Congress from Con necticut in 1834, for an unexpired term, and from 1839 to 1843; in 1849 was elected Governor of Con necticut. Trumbull, Lyman ; was born in Colchester, Connecticut, in 1813; adopted the profession of the law; removed to Illinois, and became a member of the Legislature of that State in 1840; was Secretary of the State of Illinois in 1841 and 1842; was a Jus tice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1853; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855 and end ing in 1861, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, and as a member of the Commit tees on Public Buildings and Grounds, and Indian Affairs; was re-elected for the term ending in 1867; in 1864 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866; in January, 1867, was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873, serving on the additional Committee on Pen sions. Tuck, Amos ; was born in Maine; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835; was for some time a tutor in that Institution ; removing to New Hamp shire, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1853; was a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Tucker, Beverly ; was born in Virginia; re ceived a good education; was identified with the newspaper business in Washington; was chosen Superintendent of Public Printing in 1 853 ; during the Rebellion participated with zeal in the cause of the Southern States. Tucker, Ebenezer ; was born in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1758; was a soldier in the Revolu tionary War, and served at the battle of Long Island; filled many offices of distinction and trust, among them those of Collector and Postmaster of New Jer sey; was a member of Congress from New Jersey from 1825 to 1829; also held the offices of Judge of the Common Pleas, Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans Court. Died at Tuckerton, New Jersey, September 5, 1845. Tucker, George ; was born in Bermuda in 1775; removed to Virginia; graduated at William and Mary College in 1797; was a member of the Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1819 to 1845; was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in the University of Virginia; was the author of "Life of Jefferson," 2 vols., 1837; "Progress of the United States," 8vo, 1855; "Politi cal History of the United States in 1858, " "Litera ture of the United States," 8vo, 1837, and other valuable works and essays on Taste, Morals, and National Policy, and financial subjects. Died at Charlottesville, Virginia, April 10, 1861. Tucker, Henry St. George ; was born in Vir ginia in 1779; received a liberal education; became a prominent lawyer; was, at one time, President of the Court of Appeals; was also Professor of Law in the University of Virginia; was the author of several valuable works on law; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1815 to 1819. Died at Winchester, Virginia, August 28, 1848. Tucker, John ; was a citizen of New York; held the position of Assistant Secretary of War during a part of the Rebellion, receiving the appointment January 27, 1862. Tucker, John Randolph; was born in Win chester, Virginia, December 24, 1823; was educated at the University of Virginia; was admitted to the 508 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. bar in 1845; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 and 1856- in 1857 was elected Attorney-General of the State and was re-elected in 1859 arid 1863; by the issue of the Rebellion was deposed from office; n 1870 was elected Professor of Equity and Law in Washington College (now Washington and Lee Uni versity); without announcing himself a candidate, ,was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forth-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses. Tucker, Starling ; was born in Halifax County, North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from the Laurens District of South Carolina from 1817 to 1831. Died February 4, 1834. Tucker, St. George ; was born at Port Royal, Bermuda; removed to Virginia June 29, 1752; grad uated at William and Mary College; studied law; took an early part in the Revolution, planning the capture of and aiding in capturing a large quantity of stores in a fort in Bermuda; at Yorktown, while in command of a regiment, was severely wounded; was a member of the Virginia Legislature; was one of the Committee to revise the laws of Virginia; was a Professor in William and Mary College; was a member of the Convention at Annapolis in 1786; was Judge in the State Courts nearly fifty years; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals from 1803 to 1811; was Judge of the United States District Court in 1813; was called "The American Blackstone"; was the author of " Peter Pindar "; the celebrated poem on " Liberty "; an essay on "How far the Common Law of England is the Common Law of the United States"; a treatise on slavery in 1796; on the Alien and Sedition Laws, 1799, and an annotated edition of Blackstone in 1803; also other poems and essays. Died at Edgewood, Nelson County, Virginia, No vember, 1827. He received the degree of LL.D. from William and Mary College in 1790. Tucker, Thomas Tudor ; was a patriot of the Revolution; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1787 and 1788; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1793; was United States Treasurer from 1794 to his death; de livered an oration at Charleston, South Carolina, be fore the South Carolina Society of the Cincinnati in 1795. Died at Washington, May 2, 1828, aged eighty-three years. Tucker, Tilghman M.; was born in North Car olina; was Governor of Mississippi from 1841 to 1843; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi, from 1841 to 1845. Died at Alabama, April 30, 1859. Tuckerman, Charles T.; was a citizen of New York; in 1868 was appointed Minister Resident to Greece, where he remained until 1871. Tudor, William ; was born in Boston, January 28, 1779; graduated at Harvard University in 1796; visited Europe early in life, and on his return home, in 1814, first edited the North American Review; aided in founding the Anthology Club, and published his European letters in their Monthly Antholoyy Magazine; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature; in augurated the ice traffic with tropical climes in 1805; was afterwards engaged in other commercial trans actions in Europe; was the originator of the Bunker Hill Monument, and one of the founders of the Boston Athanrcum in 1807; in 1823 was appointed Consul at Lima, Peru; in 1827 Charge d Affaires to Brazil; published " Letters on the Eastern States" in 1820; Miscellanies in 1821; " Life of James Otis," 1823; " Gebel Teir," 1828; in 1809 delivered the ora tion at Boston, July 4, and in 1810 prepared the Phi Beta Kappa address for Harvard. Died at Rio Ja neiro, Brazil, March 9, 1830. Tufts, John Quincy ; was born in Aurora, In diana, July 12, 1840; was educated at the common schools and at the Cornell College; in the county of his residence held the positions of Clerk, Trustee, and Justice; was elected to the Iowa Legislature in 1869, and re-elected in 1871 and 1873; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty- fourth Congress. Tully, Pleasant B.; was born at Pleasant Ex change, Henderson County, Tennessee, March 21, 1829; emigrated, with his parents, to Arkansas in 1839; received a common school education; removed to Texas in 1850, and to California in 1853; engaged in mining; settled at Gilroy in 1858; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; commenced practice at Gilroy; was a Delegate to the State Con stitutional Convention of 1879; was elected a Repre sentative from California to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Turner, Benjamin Steeling ; was born in Hal ifax County, North Carolina, March 17, 1825; was reared as a slave, and received no early education; removed to Alabama in 1830; obtained a fair educa tion; was a dealer in general merchandise; was elected Tax Collector of Dallas County in 1867, and Council man of the city of Selma in 1869; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as Representative from Ala bama, serving on several committees. Turner, Charles ; was graduated from Harvard University in 1752; studied for the ministry, and set tled in Duxbury, Massachusetts; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving from 1809 to 1813; was, at one time, Master of the Marine Hospital at Chelsea. Died in 1816, aged about sixty-six years. Turner, Daniel ; was born in Warren County, North Carolina, September 26, 1796; commenced his education at Warrenton Academy; completed it at West Point; in 1814 was appointed a Lieutenant of Artillery; as such, served at Brooklyn Heights, and at Plattsburg; resigned in 1815; after leaving the army spent two years at William and Mary College; from 1819 to 182:> served in the Legislature of North Carolina; was a member of Congress from 1827 to 1829; subsequently had charge of the Warrenton Female Seminary. Turner, E. B.; was born at Putney, Vermont, May 24, 1825; received a common school education, and spent one year at an academy; in 1843 removed to Michigan; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848; in 1850 was elected Prosecuting Attor ney for St. Joseph County; in 1853 removed to Texas; in 1866 was appointed United States District Attor ney for the Western District of Texas; resigned, and became Attorney-General of the State under the re construction acts; in 1871 was appointed Judge of the Thirty-second Judicial District of the State, serving until 1876; was then elected Judge of the Sixteenth Judicial District; resigned in 1880 to accept the appointment of United States District Judge for the Western District of Texas. Turner, George; in July, 1884, was appointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the Su preme Court of the Territory of Washington for tb term of four years. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 509- Turner, George; was born in England in 1750; joined the Revolutionary Army at the breaking out of the war; was a Captain, and commanded in South Carolina; was distinguished at the battles in that State; was commissioned, by his personal friend, President Washington, Judge of the Northwest Ter ritory in 1789; in 1833 removed to Philadelphia, where he died March 16, 1843. Turner, Henry G. ; was born in Franklin Coun ty, North Carolina, March 20, 1839; took a partial course at the University of Virginia; removed to Georgia in 1858; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1865, and engaged in practice at Quitman, Georgia; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1876; was three times elected a Representative in the State Legislature; was elected a .Representative from Georgia to the Forty-seventh Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con gresses. Turner, James ; was born in Virginia in the year 1766; his education was such as could be afford ed by the common schools of the country ; served in the Revolution as a private soldier; entered public life in 1800 as a member of the Legislature of North Carolina; in 1802 was elected Governor of the State; was a Senator in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1816. Died at Bloomsbury, January 15, 1824, much respected for his talents and personal worth. Turner, James; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837. Turner, J. Milton; was a citizen of Missouri; in 1871 was appointed Minister Resident and Consul- Gen eral to Liberia. Turner, Oscar ; was born at New Orleans, Lou isiana, February 3, 1825; removed, with his parents, to Kentucky in 1826; settled on a farm in Ballard County, Kentucky, in 1843; graduated from the Law Department of Transylvania University. Kentucky, in 1847; engaged in the practice of law; in 1851 was elected Commonwealth s Attorney and served four years; in 1861 relinquished the practice of law and engaged in agricultural pursuits; in 1867 was elected State Senator and served four years; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-sixth, Forty -seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Turner, Thomas ; in 1800 was appointed Ac countant of the Navy, which was the office subse quently called that of Fourth Auditor; remained in the position until 1810. Turner, Thomas ; was born at Richmond, Ken tucky, September 10, 1821; received an academic education, and graduated at Centre College in 1840; studied law, and graduated at the Law Department of Transylvania University in 1842; commenced practice at Richmond; in 1854 removed to Mount Sterling; was Commonwealth Attorney from 1846 to 1849; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1861 to 1863; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Turner, Thomas G.; was Governor of Rhode Island for one year, beginning in 1859. Turner, Thomas J.; was born in Trumbnll County, Ohio, April 5, 1815, where he resided until ten years of age, receiving all his education within that time; in 1825 removed, with his father s family, to Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he worked on a farm until fourteen years old; the destitute circum stances of his father compelled him to make unusual exertions to assist in the support of the family, which he did by working as a laborer on the Pennsyl vania Canal, and giving his earnings to his father until the age of eighteen; leaving his father comfort able, went to the Far West"; spent three years in St. Paul s County, Indiana; finally settled in Free- port, Stevenson County, Illinois; was made Justice of the Peace, which office he held for several years; in 1838 studied law as a profession; was admitted to the bar, and obtained a lucrative practice ; in 1 842 was elected Probate Justice of the Peace; in 1844 was appointed Postmaster; in 1845 was chosen State s- Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District; in 1846 was elected a Representative in the Thirtieth Congress; in 1854 was a member of the Lower House of the Legislature, and was chosen Speaker; subsequently devoted himself to the practice of law. Turner, Turner; was born in Ohio; was ap pointed, from that State, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Nevada, residing at Carson City. A person bearing this name was also a Judge of the United States Court for the Northwest Territory, and the records do not state whether or not the persons are identical. Turner, "William F.; was born in Pennsylvania; removed to Iowa, from which State he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Ter ritory of Arizona. Turney, Hopkins L.; was born in Smith Coun ty, Tennessee, October 3, 1797; in his boyhood was bound as an apprentice to a tailor, and served in that business several years; in 1818 entered upon the campaign against the Seminole Indians; did not learn to write until twenty-two years of age, and yet soon after studied law, and was very successful at the bar; from 1828 to 1838 served in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1837 to 1843; served in the Senate of the United States from 1845 to 1851. Died in Winchester, Ten nessee, August 1, 1857, leaving behind him a high reputation for ability and virtue. Turney, Jacob ; was born in Greensburg, Penn sylvania, February 18, 1825; received his education at the Greensburg Academy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849; was elected District- Attorney for Westmoreland County in 1850; was re- elected in 1853, and continued in that office six years;, was Presidential Elector in 1856; was State Senator in 1858, 1859, and 1860; was Speaker of that body in 1859; afterward resumed the practice of law; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth Congress. Turpie, D.; was born in Hamilton County, Ohio r July 8, 1829; graduated at Kenyon College in 1848; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Logans- port, Indiana, in 1849; was appointed, by Governor Wright, whom he succeeded in the Senate, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1854; was Judge of the Circuit Court in 1856, both of which offices he re signed; in 1852, and also in 1858. was a member of the Legislature of Indiana; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of J. D. Bright, and immediately succeeding J. A. Wright, who served by appointment of the Governor. Turpin, Edward A.; was a citizen of New York; in 1858 was appointed Minister to Venezuela, where he remained until 1861. 510 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Turrell, Joel ; was born in Vermont; graduate at Middlebury College in 1816; was a member of th State Assembly from Oswego County in 1831; was Representative in Congress from New York from 183 to 1837. Died in Oswego, New York, December 26 1859, aged sixty-lour years. Tuthill, Joseph H.; was born in Blooming Grove New York, February 11, 1811; received a good edu cation; was a merchant for thirty -five years; Presi dent of the Ellenville Glass Works; was Clerk o Ulster County for four years; was a member of th Ulster County Board of Supervisors ten years; wa elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on th Committees on the Militia and on the Navy Depart ment. Tuthill, Selah; was born in New York; wa elected a Representative from that State to th Seventeenth Congress. Died in December, 1821. Tweed, Charles A.; was born in Massachusetts, removed to California; in 1870 was appointed an As pociate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Terri tory of Arizona, residing at Yuma. Tweed, William M.; was born in the City o JSewlork April 3, 1823; received a common schoo education; was by occupation a chair manufacturer was an Alderman in New York City in 1852; was a member of the Thirty-third Congress; was a member ot the State Board of Education in 1857; was a Super visor of New York County in 1858; was a State Sena tor in 1867; m 1*74 was arrested, tried, and found guilty of robbing the City of New York, by virtue 01 his official position in the City Government, of a very large amount of money; was sent to the penitentiary lor twelve years; in December, 1875, made his escape from prison, and went to England. Tweedy, John H., was born in Connecticut graduated at Yale College; adopted the profession ot the law; removed to Wisconsin in 1837; was a raem- the first "Constitutional Convention" of that Territory in 1846; was elected a Delegate to Congress from the same in 1847, serving one session. Tweedy, Samuel; was born in Connecticut; t la S?T a n tlve iQ Con S ress f rom that State nom looo to looo. itf R; was born at Charlton, Massachusetts, May 2, 1827; received a common school and limited academic education; graduated nbain e the bar in 18o3, and engaged in practice at Worcester Massachusetts; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857; was City Solicitor of Worcester in 1863 and 1864; in 1865 removed to KansaTc ty Missouri, and continued in the practice of his profeV iS^^^^^ 6 in th " State Legislature 3, 18,4, 1875, 1876, 1877, and 1878; resigned y Counsor for th<; Uscal ^ ear SSS; ssociate Justice of the Su ! Ginery was b at Athol, Worces- , Massachusetts, August 26, 1811- in 18 iO commenced the business of staging or caryinV?he mail; was the first to establish a daily line of coaches Between Boston and Brattleborough, in V^S? after which he made important contracts with the overainent for carrying the mail; in 1847 became identified with the Boston and Worcester Railroad^ a subordinate officer; was subsequently appointed th Pd M ame; " Wa * elec aRepr e from Massachusetts to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Expenditures in the Interior Department; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con gresses, serving on various committees. Died July 23, 1883. Tyler, Asher; was born in Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, May 10, 1798; graduated at Ham ilton College in 1817; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative from New York to the Twenty- eighth Congress; subsequently settled in Elmira, where he was extensively identified with railway operations. Died in Eluiira, in August, 1875. Tyler, James M.; was born at Wilmington, Ver mont, April 27, 1835; received an academic educa tion; graduated at the Albany Law University, New York; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and engaged in practice; was a Representative in the Vermont Legislature in 1863 and 1864; State s Attorney in 1866 and 1867; became a Trustee in the State Insane Asylum in 1875; was elected a Representative i rom Vermont to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Tyler, John; was born in Charles County, Vir ginia, in 1790; commenced his political life at an early age, having been elected to the Virginia Legis lature at the age of twenty-one years, and five years later was elected to Congress; in 1826 was elevated to the station of Governor of his native State; discharged the duties of his office but one year and a half, when, in 1627, the Legislature selected him to fill a vacancy in the Senate of the United States, where he officiated as President pro tern, of that body; served in this capacity until a difference of opinion having arisen between General Jackson and himself, he resigned his seat in 1836, and went into voluntary retirement; did not again make his appearance in public life until 1840, when lie was selected by the Whig party as their candidate for Vice-President; was elected to that office by a large majority, and entered upon the discharge of his duties in March, 1841; the death of the President, General Harrison, shortly after, raised him to the chief magistracy of the Republic; his term of office expired in 1845, after which he lived in re tirement in Virginia until 1861; in that year was elected a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" held in Washington, and officiated as its President; on his return to Virginia, became a member of the Virginia Convention of 1861, and of the Confederate Congress. Died in Richmond, January 17, 1862. Tyler, John; was a native of Virginia; in 1811 was appointed a Judge of the United States District urt for the District of Virginia. Tyner, James N.; was born at Brookville, Indi ana, January 17, 1826; received an academic educa tion; studied law; was Secretary of the Indiana Sen ate for four sessions from 1857; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was a Special Agent of the PostOffice Department from 1861 to 1866; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and r ost Offices; immediately after leaving Congress was appointed Governor of Colorado; in February, 1875, was appointed Second Assistant Postmaster-General, which position he held until July, 1876, when he was promoted to the post of First Assistant Postmaster- ieneral; resigned March 13, 1877, and was re-ap- )ointed one week later, continuing in office until October, 1881, when he resigned. Tyson, Jacob ; was a Representative in Congress rom New York from 1823 to 1*25; was a member of he New York Senate from Richmond County in 828. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 511 Tyson, Job R.; was born in Montgomery Coun ty, Pennsylvania, in 1804; was educated for the law; while educating himself, in early life, taught in a dis trict school: frequently served in the City Councils of Philadelphia; was a Representative from Pern sji- vania to the Thirty-fourth Congress; commanded un common influence in Congress, and was a man of re fined tastes in literature and the fine arts; also served in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and through his exertions the archives of that State were first pub lished; his published addresses are quite numerous. Died near Philadelphia in 18. r >8. Tyson, J. "W.; was appointed Second Assistant Postmaster-General in 1843, and remained in office until 1844. Udree, Daniel ; was born in Philadelphia; re moved to Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he en tered largely in the manufacture of iron, and was a most successful business man; was in the State Leg islature from 1799 to 1805; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and from 18:33 to 1825 on two occa sions filling the unexpired terms of men who had resigned. Died July 22, 1828. Underbill, "Walter ; was born in New York: was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Underwood, Jolin C.; was born in Litchfield, Herkimer County, New York, in 1808; studied law, and removed to the State of Virginia, residing in Clark County for many years; from 1861 to 1863 was Fifth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington; was subsequently a United States District Judge in the State of Virginia; it was in his District that Jeffer son Davis was indicted for treason, and Judge Under wood refused to release him on bail. Died in Wash ington, December 7, 1873. Underwood, John W. H.; was born in Elbert County. Georgia, November 20, 1816; received a good English and classical education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; in 1843 was elected Solicitor-General for the Western Circuit, resigning in 1847; was a member of the "Georgia Constitu tional Convention " of 1850; declined two judicial appointments tendered him by Presidents Pierce and Buchanan; was a member of the Georgia Legislature in 1857, and chosen Speaker; in 1859 was elected a ] lepresentative from Georgia to the Thirty -sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department; resigned in February, 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, and returned to Georgia. Underwood, Joseph R.; was born in Gooch- l:md County, Virginia, October 24, 1791; in 1803 was adopted by his maternal uncle, who resided in Bar ren County, Kentucky; received his education at various schools in that State, and ended his scholas tic course at the University of Lexington, in 1811; then read law with Robert Wyckliffe; in 1813 en tered the service of the United States, as Lieutenant of a Volunteer Company; was badly wounded, and was taken prisoner by the enemy at Dudley s defeat; was released from captivity, and landed from the prison-ships on Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where he was lodged in a hospitable cabin until sufficiently re covered to return home; in the fall of 1813 located at Glasgow, Kentucky; practiced law there for ten years, daring which time he was Trustee of the town, and County Auditor; was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1819; in 1823 removed, with his family, to Bowling Green, Kentucky; was elected a member of the General Assembly in 1825 a^id 1826; from 1828 to 1835 was Judge of the Court of Appeals; re signed on his being elected a Representative in Con gress, in which position he served from 1835 to 1843; in 1846 was again elected to the Legislature of Ken tucky, and was Speaker of the House; in 1847 was elected a member of the United States Senate for six years ; at the expiration of the term returned to the practice of law; in 1824 and 1844 was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864. Underwood, Warner L.; was born in Gooch- land County, Virginia, August 7, 1808; graduated at the University of Virginia, where he received the first honors in the studies of law, mathematics, and the modern languages, in 1830; removed to Bowling Green, Kentucky, at the age of seventeen; was a lawyer by profession; in 1833 visited Texas, and spent most of the time until 1840 in that republic; was appointed, by President Lamar, Attorney-Gen eral for the Eastern District of that republic, but held the office only a short time; declined the offer of a place in General Houston s Cabinet, being unwill ing to relinquish his citizenship of the United States; in 1848 was a Representative in the Kentucky Legis lature, and in 1849 a member of the State Senate; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Engraving. Updegraff, Jonathan T.; was born in Jefferson County, Ohio; received a collegiate education; gradu ated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and also at Edinburgh, Scotland, and Paris, France; engaged in the practice of medicine and in farming; served as a Surgeon in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion ; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was a State Senator in 1872 and 1873; Tempo rary Chairman of the Republican State Convention of 1873; Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee in 1875; Delegate to the Republican Na tional Convention of 1876; was elected a Representa tive from Ohio to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Died November 30, 1882. Updegraff, Thomas ; was born in Tioga Coun ty, Pennsylvania, April 3, 1834; received an academic education; removed to Iowa; was Clerk of the District Court of Clayton County, Iowa, from 1858 to 1860; was admitted to the bar in 1861, and commenced the practice of law ; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878; was elected a Rep resentative from Iowa to the Forty-sixth and Forty- seventh Congresses. Upham, Charles W.; was born at St. John, New Brunswick, May 4, 1802; commenced life by be coming a merchant s clerk; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1821 ; in 1824 was settled over the First Church in Salem, Massachusetts; in 1844 relinquished the Ministry on account of loss of voice; at different times edited the Christian Register (Unitarian); in 1840, 1849, and 1850, was in the State Legislature; in 1851, 1857, and 1858, was President of the State Senate; was Mayor of Salem in 1852; was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Post Roads and the Post Office, and was Chai r- mau of a Special Committee on the Smithsonian In stitution; as an author was industrious, and among his publications are the following: "1 t ers on the Logos," "Lectures on Witchcraft," " The Life of Sir Henry Vane," a school " Life of Washington, " many Orations and Discourses, and " Life of John C. Fre mont." Died at Salem, June 15, 1875. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Upham, George B.; graduated at Harvard Uni- versitv in 1789; "served a number of years in the New Hampshire Legislature; was Speaker in 18U9 and 1815; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1801 to 1803. Died February 10, 1848, at Claremont, New Hampshire, aged seventy- nine years. Upham, Jabez; was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard University in 1785; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1810, when he resigned. Died in 1811. Upham, Nathaniel; was born in Deerfield, Rockingham County, New Hampshire, June 9, 1774; was educated at the schools of his native town, and at Phillip s Exeter Academy; at an early age en gaged in mercantile pursuits; was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire; was a member of the Governor s Council from 1811 to 1812; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1817 to 1823. Died in 1829. Upham, William ; was born at Leicester, Mas sachusetts, in 1792; in 1802 removed, with his father, to Vermont; spent some time in the University of Vermont; was a lawyer by profession; was a mem ber of the Vermont Assembly in 1827, 1828, and 1830; was State s Attorney for Washington County in 1829; was a Senator in Congress from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, Janu ary 14, 1853. Upshur, Abel Parker ; was born in Northamp ton County, Virginia, June 17, 1790; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1807; studied law, and settled in Richmond, where he practiced his profession from 1810 to 1824; in 1826 was chosen Judge of the Gen eral Court of the State; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" in 1829; was again chosen Judge, serving many years; in 1841 went into the Cabinet of President Tyler as Secretary of the Navy; in 1843 was transferred to the head of the State De partment; on the 28th of February, 1844, was killed by the explosion of a gun on board the war-steamer Princeton. Upson, Charles ; was born in Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821; re ceived a good English education ; removed to Michi gan in 1845; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847; in 1849 and 1850 was County Clerk for St. Joseph County; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for the same; in 1855 and 1856 held the office of State Senator; in 1861 and 1862 was Attor ney-General for Michigan ; was elected a Represent ative from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections and Unfinished Business; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Revolutionary Pensions; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy De partment. Died September 6, 1885. Upson, Columbus; was bora in Onondaga County, New York, October 17, 1829; received a good education; adopted the profession of the law; re moved to Texas in 1854; served in the Confederate Army as a Colonel daring the War of the Rebellion- was a Presidential Elector in 1876; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-sixth Con gress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Gnstave Schleicher; was re-elected to the Forty- seventh Congress. Upson, "William. H.; was born in Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, January 11, 1823; graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1812; adopted the pro fession of the law; was elected to the State Senate in 1854 and 1855; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Revision of Laws, Manufactures, and Reconstruction; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on Committee on Manufactures, and as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims. Upton, "William W.; was born in New York in 1823; removed, with his parents, to Michigan in his boyhood; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1845; was a Representative in the State Legisla ture in 1847; was Prosecuting Attorney at Lansing, Michigan, from 1847 to 1852; in the latter yearremoved to California, and continued the practice of his pro fession; was a Representative in the California Legis lature in 1856; was Prosecuting Attorney of Sacra mento County from 1861 to 1863; in 1864 removed to Oregon; was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon from 1867 to 1872, and Chief Jus tice of that Court from 1872 to 1874; in October, 1877, was appointed Second Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States at Washington. Urner, Milton Gr.; was born in F;elerick Coun ty, Maryland, July 29, 1839; was reared on his father s farm; received a good education; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1863, and commenced practice; was elected State 3 Attorney for his native County in 1871, and served four years; was elected a Representative from Mary land to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Usher, John P.; was born in New York; early in life removed to Indiana, where he studied and practiced law; was elected to the State Legislature; was, for a short time, Attorney-General of the State; in 1862 was appointed, by President Lincoln, the first Assistant Secretary of the Interior Department; on the resignation of C. B. Smith as Secretary, was appointed to succeed him in the Cabinet, which position he resigned in the Spring of 1865; subse quently resumed the practice of his profession, and became Consulting Attorney for the Eastern Division of the Union Pacific Railroad Company. Vail, Aaron ; \vas a citizen of New York; in 1840 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Spain, returning to America in 1842. Vail, George; was born in New Jersey in 1803; received a good education; was associated with his brother Alfred, and Professor S. F. B. Morse in com pleting the first telegraphic instruments brought into use; was prominent as a politician; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857; was appointed, by President Buchanan, Consul to Glasgow; was also a Judge of the Court of Errors. Died in Morristown, New Jersey, May 23, 1875. Vail, Henry ; was born in New York; was a Representa ive in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Died June 25, 1843. Valentine, Edward K.; was born at Keosau- qua, Iowa, June 1, 1843; received a common school education; became a printer; served as an officer in the Union Army throughout the war of the Rebellion; located in Nebraska in 1866; in 1869 was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Omaha Nebraska; studied law, and engaged in its practice was Judge of the Sixth Judicial District from 1875 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 513 to 1878; was elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Valk, William W.; was born in South Caro lina; on removing to New York was a Representa tive in Congress from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Valland.igh.am, Clement L.; came of a Huguenot family, and was born in New Lisbon, Co lumbia County, Ohio, in 1822; received a good edu cation; spent one year in Jefferson College, in Ohio; was, for two years, principal of an academy at Snoyv Hill, Maryland; returned to Ohio in 1840; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected to the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846; was editor of the Dayton Empire from 1847 to 1849; for some years subsequent to that date devoted him self wholly to his profession and politics; was a member of the " National Democratic Convention" ! held at Cincinnati in 1856; was a candidate for the Thirty -fifth Congress against L. D. Campbell, whose t seat he successfully contested; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress; during the second session of ; the Thirty-fifth Cougress, and throughout the Thirty- sixth Congress, served on the Committee on Terri tories; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; in 18(i3 was arrested, by military authority, for ex pressing his opinions against the war; was banished to the Southern States, and, by way of Bermuda, went to Canada; during his exile was nominated for Governor of Ohio, and was defeated; subsequently returned, and was a Delegate to the "Chicago Con vention " of 1864; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. Died at Lebanon, June 17, 1871, from the accidental discharge of a pistol while delivering an argument in court. Van Aernam, Henry ; was born in Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York, March 11, 1819; received an academic education; graduated at a medical college, adopting the profession of surgeon and physician; held various town offices; was a member of the State Legislature in 1858; in 1862 was appointed Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York Volunteers, which position he resigned in 1864; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Mileage and Education in the District of Columbia; was Commissioner of Pensions at Wash ington from 1869 to 1871 ; was again a Representa tive in the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Van Allen, James Q.; was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1804; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York, from 1807 to 1809. Van Allen, John E.; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1793 to 1799; was a member of the State Assembly from Rensselaer County in 1800 and 1801. Van Allen, John T.; was a citizen of New York; in 1849 was appointed Minister Resident to Ecuador, but only remained there about one year. Van Alstyne, Thomas J.; was born at Rich mond ville, New York, July 25. 1827; received a col legiate education, graduating from Hamilton College in 1848; studied law; was, admitted to the bar in 1849 and settled at Albany, New York, in the prac tice of that profession; was Judge of Albany County for twelve years under the enlarged jurisdiction of the Courts; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress. 33 Van Auken, Dennis M.; was born in Pennsyl vania, January 15, 1826; graduated at Union College, New York, in 1852; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; was elected a Prosecuting Attorney in 1855; was frequently appointed to the same office; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, the Militia, and Patents. Van Buren, John ; was one of the ablest law yers of the Ulster County bar, in New York; was a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. Died at Kingston, January 16, 1855. Van Buren, Martin ; was born at Kinderhook, New York, December 5, 1782; his father s circum stances were humble, and the son was only able to obtain an ordinary education at the common school and academy of his native village; in 1796 left the academy, and commenced the study of law ; in 1800 represented the Republicans of his native town in the "Congressional Convention " for that District; part of the years 1802 and 1803 he passed in New York engaged in the study of law; in November of the lat ter year was admitted to the bar; continued to take an active part in politics; the first official distinction which he received was conferred upon him by Gov ernor Tompkins, who appointed him Surrogate of Columbia County in 1808; took his next step in pub lic life in 1812; in the spring of that year was elected to the State Senate; continued a member of that body nntil 1820, having been, during that period, a sup porter of the war and the canal project; a portion of this time he also held the office of Attorney-General; was a member of the " Constitutional Convention " of the State of New York in 1821, and in February of the same year was elected to the United States Sen ate; was re-elected in 1827, serving until 1829; the year following the gubernatorial chair of the State of New York became vacant by the death of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van Buren was selected, by the Democratic party of the State, as a candidate for that office; was elected, but his career as Governor was brief; scarcely was his administration commenced, when President Jackson tendered him the appoint ment of Secretary of State, and Mr. Van Buren at once accepted it; the President appointed him Am bassador to England, but the Senate refused to con firm the nomination; received a large majority of the electoral votes for Vice-President in 1831, which office he continued to fill during President Jackson s term; in 1836 was nominated for the office of President, and was elected; the principal measure of his administra tion was the establishment of the Independent Treas ury; in 1840 was again nominated for the same office, but was defeated by the Whig candidate, General Harrison ; after the close of his Presidential term, in 1841, he lived in retirement at Kinderhook, his place of birth, on an estate to which he gave the name of Lindenwald; in 1848 was the Presidential candidate of the section of the Democratic party styling them selves Barn-burners, or, on that occasion, Free- soilers," but was unsuccessful. Died near Kinder- hook, July 24, 1862. Vance, John L.; was born in Gallipolis, Gallia County, Ohio, July 19, 1839; received an academic education ; worked in a printing office ; graduated at the Law School of Cincinnati in 1861 ; entered the volunteer army as a Captain and rose to the rank of Colonel ; was a member of the National Democratic Convention of 1872; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Printing. 514 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Vance Joseph ; was born in Washington Coun ty Pennsylvania, March 21, 1786; was one of the earliest residents of the State of Ohio; served fre quently in the Legislature of that State; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1821 to 1835; was Gov ernor of the State in 1836; was again in Congress from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman ot the Com- mittee on Claims; in every public position he ac quitted himself with ability; was, at one time, en gaged in mercantile pursuits; was a General of Militia; was an enthusiastic farmer and successful raiser of cattle; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of Ohio in 1820; was also a Delegate to the Whig National Convention of 1848. Died near the town of Urbana, Ohio, August 24, 1831. Vance, Robert B.; was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825. Vance, Robert Brank ; was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, April 24, 1828; was edu cated in the schools of the country; was, by occupa tion, a farmer; was Clerk of the Court of Pleas from 1848 to 1856; was a Captain of a Company in the Confederate service in 1861 ; was elected Colonel of the Twenty-ninth North Carolina Regiment, and was appointed Brigadier-General in 1863; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Patents; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty- eighth Congresses; in April, 1885, was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Patents in the Depart ment of the Interior. Vance, Zebulon B.; was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, May 13, 1830; received a limited education, and spent one year at the State University, through the friendship of its distin guished President: studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; in 1854 was elected to the Legis lature from Buncombe County; on the resignation of Hon. T. L. Clingraan, in 1858, was elected to suc ceed him in the Federal House of Representatives; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1862, and re- elected in 1864; was elected United States Senator in 1870, but was refused his seat; resigned in 1872; was elected Governor in 1876; was elected a United States Senator from North Carolina for the term of six years from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was re-elected for a sec ond term. Van Cortlandt, Philip ; served through the Revolutionary War as a Colonel in the New York line, fighting at Saratoga and Bemis Heights; was a member of the State Convention which ratified the United States Constitution; was a member of the New York Assembly from Westchester County in 3788, 1789, and 1790: was a member of the State Senate from 1791 to 1794; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1793 to 1809; the latter part of his life was devoted to agriculture. Died November 5. 1831, in Westchester County, aged eighty-two years. Van Cortlandt, Pierce, Jr.; was a member of the State Assembly of New York in 1777; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New York, from ] 811 to 1813. Vanderburg, John C.; was an early emigrant to Indiana; in 1800 was appointed an Associate Jus tice for the Territory of Indiana. Vanderhorst, Arnoldus; was the second Governor of South Carolina under the Constitution; serving as such from 1792 to 1794. Vanderpool, Aaron; was born at Kinderhook, New York, February 5, 1799; received a classical ed ucation; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; served in the State Legislature in 1825, 1829, and 1830; was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841 ; on his retirement from Congress settled in New York City, and was appointed one of the Judges of the Superior Court, which office he held until 1850. Died in New York, July 18, 1870. Vanderveer, Abraham; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. Died July 20, 1839. Vandever, "William; was born in Maryland; removed to Iowa; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lands; was re- elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress; served aa a Colonel in the Union Army in 1861. Van Dyke, John; was born in New Jersey; adopted the legal profession; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1847 to 1851; afterwards became a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Van Dyke, Nicholas; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1 782, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera tion. Van Dyke, Nicholas ; graduated at Princeton College in 1788; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware, from 1807 to 1811 ; was a Senator in Congress from 1817 to 1826. Died in May, 1826. Van Eaton, Henry S. ; was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, September 14, 1826; removed, with hia parents, in his boyhood, to Illinois; graduated at Illinois College in 1848; removed to Woodville, Mis sissippi, the same year; taught school for several years ; studied law, and was licensed to practice in 1854; in 1857 was elected District Attorney; in 1859 was elected a Representative in the State Legisla ture ; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; resumed the practice of law; in 1880 waa appointed Chancellor of the Tenth District of Mis sissippi, and served on the bench until elected a Rep resentative from Mississippi to the Forty-eighth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Van Gaasbeck, Peter; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1793 to 1795. Van Horn, Burt ; was born at Newfane, Niagara County, New York, October 28, 1823; was educated at the Madison University; was elected to the State Legislature in 1858, and the two succeed ing years; was a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Private Land Claims, Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Select Committe on the Niagara Ship Canal; in 1864 was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu tionary Claims, and Roa*ds and Canals; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Publ io Buildings and Grounds. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 515 Van Horn, Robert T.; was born in Indiana County. Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824; received u good "English education; adopted the business of a printer; settled in Kansas City, Missouri; was twice Mayor of Kansas City; was Postmaster of Kansas City: rendered military service against the Rebellion from 1861 to 1864, as Major and Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers; was a member of the Missouri State Sen ate for three years; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on old Committees, and that on Expenses on Public Build ings; was a Delegate to the " Border States Conven tion," held in Baltimore in 1867, and to the Chicago Convention of 1868; in August, 1875, was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue in Missouri. Van Home, Archibald ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1807 to 1811. Van Horne, Espy ; was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1829. Van Horne, Isaac ; was a Captain in the Revolutionary War; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1805; was then appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Zanesville, Ohio. Van Houton, Isaac B.; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Van Metre, John J.; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1843 to 1845, and a mem ber of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy De partment. Van Ness, Cornelius Peter ; was born in Ver mont, January 20, 1782; studied law, and practiced in Burlington, Vermont; was United States Attor ney from 1809 to 1812; was Collector of the. Port of Burlington from 1815 to 1818; was a Representative in the Legislature from 1818 to 1821; was a Commis sioner to settle the National Boundaries under the Treaty of Ghent, from 1817 to 1821; was Chief Jus tice of the State from 1821 to 1823; was Governor from 1823 to 1826; was Minister to Spain from 1829 to 1839; was Collector of the Port of New York in 18 14 and 1845; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1823. Died in Philadel phia, December 15, 1852. Van Ness, John P.; was born in Ghent, Co lumbia County, New York, in 1770; was educated at Columbia College, and studied law. but gave up the practice because of ill-health; was a Representative in Congress from 1801 to 1803; having taken up his residence in Washington City, became the first Pres ident of the Bank of the Metropolis in 1814; was also elected Mayor of Washington, and, both as a public and private citizen, did much to promote the pros perity of the Seat of Government; while a member of Congress received, from President Jefferson, a com mission as Major of Militia for the District of Co lumbia, which, with the fact that he married a Washington lady, was the cause of his change of res idence. Died in Washington, March 7, 1846. Van Ness, William P.; was born in New York; received a liberal education and studied law; in 1812 was appointed, by President Madison, United States Judge for the Southern District of New York. Van Rensselaer, Henry ; was born in Albany, New York, in 1811; entered the United States Mili tary Academy at West Point as a Cadet in 1827; was commissioned a Lieutenant in the United. States Army in 1831; resigned in 1832; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1841 to 1843; during the Rebellion, served in the army as a Colonel and Inspector-General, and a part of the time on General Scott s staff. Died in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 23, 1864. Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah ; was born in 1741; graduated at Princeton College in 1758; was a patriot of the Revolution ; was a member of Congress from New York from 1789 to 1791; was Lieutenant-Gov ern or of New York from 1801 to 1804; was a Presi dential Elector in 1801. Died in Albany, February 22, 1820. His brother Stephen was also in Congress, ! and known as the "Patroon." Van Rensselaer, KiTlian K.; was born in 1763; ! was a member of Congress from New York from 1801 ! to 1811, after which he retired to private life. Died in Albany, June 18. 1845. Van Rensselaer, Solomon; was born in Rensselaer County, New York, in 1774; served as an officer under General Wayne in 1794; Avas wounded through the lungs, and received four wounds at the battle of Queenstown Heights; in 1799 was promoted to the rank of Major; was Adjutant-General of ! New York from 1801 to 1810, and in 1813; was a i Representative in Congress from that State from 1819 | to 1822, when he was appointed Postmaster at Al- : bany. Died near Albany, April 23, 1852. Van Rensselaer, Stephen : was born in the city of New York, in November, 1764; graduated at the University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1872; was elected a member of the New York Senate in 1795; was six years Lieutenant-Governor of New York; was a member of Congress from 1822 to 1829; it was by his casting vote in the New York Delega tion that J. Q. Adams was elected President in Feb ruary, 1825; in 1810 was appointed one of the Canal Commissioners, and, for the last fourteen years of his life, was President of the Board; during the last war with England he commanded, with distinction, as a Major-General, on the Niagara frontier; was distin guished for his wealth and munificent charities, and enjoyed the inherited title of "Patroon." Died at Albany, January 26, 1839. Vansant, Joshua; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855; was also, for many years, President of the Maryland Institute. Van Schaick, Isaac W. ; was born in Cox- sackie, Greene County, New York, December 7, 1817; received a common school education ; filled various local offices in his native State; removed to Milwau kee, Wisconsin, in 1861; engaged in the manufacture of flour; was elected to the Milwaukee Common Council in 1871 ; in 1872 was elected a Representa tive in the Wisconsin Legislature and was re-elected in 1874; in 1877 was elected to the Wisconsin Sen ate; was re-elected in 1879 and 1881; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the For ty-ninth Congress. Van Trump, Philadelph; was born in Lancas ter, Ohio, November 15, 1810; received a good En glish education; learned the art of printing, and edited a newspaper for several years in his native town; studied law; came to the bar in 183* , and be came the law partner of H. F. Stanbery, with whom he had studied his profession; was a member of the "Baltimore Convention " of 1852, which nominated 516 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. General Scott for the Presidency; was three times nominated, by conventions, as a candidate for the Supreme Bench of the State; in 1862 was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which position he resigned in 18(> 6; in that year was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Manufactures; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty -second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Died at Cincinnati, July 31, 1874 Van Valkenburgh, Robert B.; was born in Steuben County, New York, September 4, 1821; adopted the profession of the law; served three terms in the State Legislature of New York ; when the Re bellion broke out was placed, by the Governor of New York, in charge of affairs at Elmira, and there organ ized seventeen regiments for the war; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Militia; in 1862, while in Congress, took com mand, as Colonel, of the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers, and was present at the battle of Antietam; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit tees on the Militia, and Expenditures in the State Department; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs dur ing the absence of the Commissioner; in December, 1865, was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Japan. Van Voorhes, Nelson EL; was born in Wash ington County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1822; re moved to Athens County, Ohio, in 1832; worked on a farm for several years, spending the winters at the common schools of the vicinity; in 1836 entered the printing office of the Western Spectator as an appren tice to his father, who was editor; was required to conduct the paper during his father s absence in the Legislature, thus becoming educated as an editor and publisher; in 1850 was elected a member of the State Legislature; in 1855 was elected Probate Judge; re signed to again become a member of the Legislature, and was made Speaker; by re-elections, was a mem ber ten years; in 1861 entered the army in the Vol unteer service; in 1862 was commissioned Colonel ol the Ninety -second Regiment of United States Troops: rendered such active service in the Army of the Cum berland as to cause ill-health, and resigned his posi tion; in 1871 was again Speaker of the Assembly; served in that capacity four years; received unani mous complimentary thanks, and a gold watch for the impartial manner in which he discharged the duties of that office; in 1874 was elected a Represent ative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Van "Winkle, Peter O-.; was born in the City of New York, September 7, 1808; removed to Park- ersburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), in 1835; was a member of the Virginia "Constitutional Conven tion " of 1850; also of the "Wheeling Convention " of 1861 ; was also a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of West Virginia in 1862- was a member of the Legislature of that State from its organization until June, 1863; in November ol that year was elected a Senator in Congress from West Virginia, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Finance, Pensions, and Post Offices and Post Roads; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was Hubsequently made Chairman of the Committee on Tensions. Died April 15, 1872. Van Voorhis, John; wasborninDecatur. New York, October 22, 1828; received an academic edu cation; studied law, and engaged in its practice at Rochester, New York; was a member of the City Board of Education in 1857; City Attorney in 1859; was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1862; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1864; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Con gresses. Van Wyck, Charles H.; was born at Pough- keepsie, New York, in November, 1824; graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey; studied and prac ticed law; was District Attorney of Sullivan County from 1850 to 1856; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage; was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was ap pointed Chairman of the Committee on Government Contracts; while in Congress served in the Volun teer service as Colonel of a regiment; in 1865 was appointed a Brigadier-General by brevet; was a Del egate to the Pittsburgh "Soldiers Convention" of 1865; was elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Retrenchment; was a Delegate to the State "Republican Conven tion of 1867 ; was re-elected to the Forty -first Con gress; removed to Nebraska in 1874; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1876; State Senator from 1876 to 1880; was elected United States Senator from Nebraska for six years from March 4, 1881. Van "Wyck, William "W.; was born in Dutch- ess County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1825. Van Zandt, Charles Collins ; was born at Newport, Rhode Island, August 10, 1830; was grad uated from Trinity College in 1851; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853, and engaged in practice at Newport; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1858-59, from 1866 to 1869, and from 1871 to 1873; was Lieutenant-Go v- ernor and ex-officio President of the State Senate from 1873 to 1875; was Governor of Rhode Island from, 1877 to 1880; in the latter year was tendered, by President Hayes, the post of United States Minister to Russia, which he declined. Varnum, James Mitchell ; was born in Dra- cut, Massachusetts, in 1749; graduated at Rhode Island College in 1769; studied law, and settled in East Greenwich; in 1774 accepted the command of a company called the "Kentish Guards"; in 1777 was promoted, by Congress, to the rank of Brigadier- General; in 1779 resigned his commission in the army, and the Legislature appointed him Major- G*Jral of Militia; from 1780 to 1782 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, after which service he returned to the practice of his profession ; in 17S6 was again a Delegate to Congress, and served one year; was then appointed Judge of the Northwest Territory. Died in 1790. Varnum, John ; was a native of Essex County Massachusetts; was educated at Harvard University; practiced law for some years at Haverhill, Massachu setts; was frequently a member of the State Legisla ture; was a Representative in Congress from Massa chusetts, from 1825 to 1831; removed to Niles. in the State of Michigan, where he died, July 23, 1846, aged sixty-three years. Varnum, Joseph Bradley ; was born in Dra- cut, Massachusetts, in 1759; was a General in the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 517 Revolutionary War; was a Representative in Con gress from 1795 to 1811, being Speaker during the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses; was chosen Senator in 1811; served until 1817, and was President pro tern, of the Senate; was a useful member of the three Conventions of Massachusetts. Died suddenly, September 11, 1821, being then Major-General of a division of militia. Vaughan, William W. ; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, as a Representative from Tennessee, and served on the Committee on Terri tories. Veazey, Thomas "W.; was Governor of Mary land from 1836 to 1838; was a member of the House of Delegates and of the Executive Council. Died in Cecil County, Maryland, June 30, 1848, aged sixty- eight years. Veeder, "William D. ; was born at Guilderland, Albany County, New York, May 19, 1835; received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858, and began to practice in Brook lyn, New York; was a member of the Assembly in 186,1 and 1866; Surrogate of Kings County from 1867 to 1877; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1867 and 1868; was, for several years, a member of the Democratic State Committee; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fifth Congress. Venable, Abraham B.; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1780; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1791 to 1799; was a Senator of the United States from 1803 to 1804. Perished in the conflagration of the theatre at Rich mond, Virginia, December 26, 1811. Venable, Abraham "W.; was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, October 17, 1799; gradu ated at Hampden Sidney College in 1816; studied medicine for two years; then went to Princeton College, where he graduated in 1819; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of North Carolina in 1821 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1832 and 1836; was a Repre sentative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1847 to 1853; his father and six uncles were in the Revo lutionary War, serving their country faithfully ; he took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the so-called Confederate Congress, having previously been elected a Presidential Elector. Died at his home, in March, 1876. Venable, "William E.; was a citizen of Ten nessee; arrived in Guatemala, in March, 1857, as Minister Resident, and died August 22, of the same year. Verplanck, Daniel O.; was born in New York in 1761; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1802 to 1809; subsequently served for many years as Judge of the County Court of Dutchess County, New York, resigning in 1828. Died near Fishkill, March 29, 1834. Was the father of G. C. Verplanck. Verplanck, Gulian O.; was born in the city of New York, in August, 1786; graduated at Columbia College in 1801; pursued the study of the law; after his admission to the bar, passed several years abroad, in Great Britain and on the continent: on his return home became interested in politics, and in 1814 was a candidate of the " malcontents " in New York for the Assembly; in 1819 wrote the "State Triumvir ate, a Political Tale," a satire on the political parties of the day, and other works of a similar description; in 1820 was a prominent member of the New York Legislature, iu which he was Chairman of the Com mittee on Education; soon after became Professor of the Evidences of Christianity, in the Theological Seminary of the Protestant P^piscopal Church in New York, and in 1824 published " Essays on the Nature and Uses of the Various Evidences of Revealed Re ligion," a work written with simplicity and ele gance; the next year appeared his "Essay on the Doctrine of Contracts; being an Inquiry how Con tracts are affected, in Law and Morals, by Conceal ment, Error, or Inadequate Price"; besides these works, contributed much to various magazines, and, in conjunction with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, pub lished the "Talisman," a species of annual, three volumes of which appeared; from 1825 to 1833 was a member of Congress from the city of New York ; was afterwards, for several years, a member of the New York Senate; also published, in 1833, a collection of his discourses and addresses on various subjects, and, in 1844 and 1846, a handsome edition of Shakespeare; was a Regent of the University of New York from January, 1826, and held manv other local offices. Died in New York City, March 18, 1870. Verree, John P.; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1819; was an iron manufacturer by occupation the business of his whole life heretofore; was, for six years, a member of the Philadelphia Se lect Council, and four years the presiding officer of that body; was elected a Representative from Penn sylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Vest, George Graham ; was born at Frank fort, Kentucky, December 6, 1830; graduated at Cen tre College, Kentucky, in 1848. and at the Law De partment of Transylvania University, Kentucky, in 1853; removed to Missouri in that year and engaged in the practice of law; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1860-61; was a Representative in the Confederate Congress for two years, and a member of the Confed erate Senate one year; was elected a Senator of the United States from Missouri for the term of six years from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was re-elected for six years. Vibbard, Chauncey ; was born at Gal way, Sar atoga County, New York, November 11, 1811; re ceived a common school education: was, for several years, employed as a clerk in a store, and afterwards in a railroad office, in Albany; in 1848 became the Superintendent of the Utica and Schenectady Rail way Company; was afterwards called to the same position in the New York Central Railway Company, in which capacity he continued until elected a Rep resentative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Vickers, George ; was born in Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland, November 19, 1801 ; re ceived an academic education ; became a Clerk in the office of a County Clerk; studied law, and came to the bar in 1832; in 1836 was an Elector of the State Senate of Maryland; subsequently declined the ap pointment of Judge tendered by Governors Hicks and Bradford; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Whig Convention " of 1852; in 1864 was a Presi dential Elector; was a member of the State Senate in 1866 and 18(37; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Con gress from Maryland, for the term ending in 1873, in t ue place of P. F. Thomas, rejected by the Senate 518 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. at the commencement of the Rebellion received, from the Governor, the appointment of Major-General o the Maryland Militia. Videl, Michel ; was born in Languedoc, France; received a collegiate education ; emigrated to the Republic of Texas; spent two years in Louisiana en gaged in literary pursuits; was subsequently a writer fir the newspaper press in Quebec, Canada, in New York City, and New Orleans; in 1867 started, in Opelousas, Louisiana, a paper called the St. Landry Progress; was afterwards appointed a Registrar for the City of New Orleans; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1868; was elected a Rep resentative from Louisiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the State Department; was subsequently appointed Consul at Tripoli, and when certain troubles occurred in 1875 vacated his post. Viele, Egbert L.; was born at Waterford, Sara toga County, New York, June 17, 1825; received his early education at the Albany Academy, Albany, New York; graduated from the United States Mili tary Academy, West Point, June 17, 1847; was ap pointed Brevet Second Lieutenant in the Second United States Infantry; was subsequently commis sioned a Second Lieutenant, and, later, a First Lieu tenant in the First United States Infantry; served in the Mexican War and in campaigns against the Indians in the Southwest until 1853, when he re signed and settled in New York City as a Civil Engi neer; in 1858 was appointed Topographical Engineer of the State of New Jersey; in 1856 prepared the de sign of Central Park, New York; in that year was appointed Engineer-iu-chief of Central Park: in 1859 draughted the design of Prospect Park, Brooklyn; in 1860 was appointed Engineer of Prospect Park; in the same year was appointed C aptain of the Engineer Corps of the Seventh New York Regiment; in 1861 was appointed Brigadier-General of United States Volunteers; in 1862 was Military Governor of Nor folk, Virginia; in 1863 was appointed President of the Department of Public Parks in New York City; became a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences, a Fel low of the American Geographical Society and Mem ber of its Council, a Fellow of the National Academy of Design, and a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Sciences; was the author ol "Hand-book for Active Service" a military man ual published at the beginning of the Civil War "Topographical Atlas of the City of New York," and numerous papers on geography, sanitation, and engi neering; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. Vilas, William F. ; was born at Chelsea, Ver mont, July 9, 1840; removed, with his parents, to Madison, Wisconsin, in 1851; graduated from the Wisconsin State University in 1858, and from the Albany Law School, at Albany, New York, in 1860; was admitted to the bar in Wisconsin in the latter year, and entered upon the practice of law at Mad ison, Wisconsin; in 1^62 raised a Company of Volr.n teers and joined the Twenty-third Wisconsin Regi- aient as Captain of the Company; in March, 1863. became a Lieutenant-Colonel; had command of hi> Regiment during the Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and for two months afterwards; resigned his com mission in 1863, and resumed the practice of his profession at Madison, Wisconsin; became a lecturer in the Law Department of the State University ot Wisconsin, and a member of the Board of Regents oi that institution; from 1875 to 1878 was, by appoint aient of the State Supreme Court, one of the Re visers of the Statutes of Wisconsin; was Chairman of the Democratic National Convention of 1884; in March, 1885, became Postmaster-General in the Cab inet of President Cleveland. Villere, Jaquez ; was Major of Volunteers under General Jackson in the battle of New Orleans in 1814 and 1815; was Governor of Louisiana from 1816 to 1820. Vining 1 , John; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress J rom 1784 to 1786; was a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1789 to 1792; voted br locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; was a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1798, when resigned. Vinton, Samuel P.; was born at South Hadley, Massachusetts, September 25, 1792; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1814; studied law in Middleton, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in 181(>, when he removed to Ohio and prac ticed his profession with eminent success; was first elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and served fourteen years, when he declined a re-election ; was again elected in 1843, and served eight years in succession, when he again declined a re-election, and retired to private life, where his tastes and wishes inclined him to remain ; in 1840 was a Presidential Elector; in 1862 was appointed a Commissioner under the act emancipating the slaves in the District of Columbia, and died in Washington in May of that year. Voorhees, Charles Stewart; was born in Covington, Indiana, June 4, 1853; graduated at Georgetown College, District of Columbia, June 26, 1873; studied law. was admitted to the bar at Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1875, and engaged in practice; re moved to Washington Territory in April, 1882, lo cating at Colfax; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Whitman County, in November, 1882; served until January 10, 1885; in 1884 was elected the Dele gate from Washington Territory to the Forty-ninth Congress. Voorhees, Daniel "W.; was born in Fountain County, Indiana, September 26, 1828; graduated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1849; read law, and commenced the practice in 1851; in 1858 was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, United States Dis trict Attorney for Indiana, which office he held three years; in 1859 was engaged in the defence of John E. Cook, at Harper s Ferry, for participation in the John Brown raid; in 1860 was elected a Representa tive from Indiana to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; was re-elect ed to tiie Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee; occasionally, by way of relieving the monotony of professional life, was in the habit of ad dressing literary societies on subjects of general in terest; was re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, but his seat was successfully contested by H. D. Washburn; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868; was elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws and Pacific Railroad; in 1877 was appointed a United States Sen ator from Indiana for the unexpired term of O. P. Morton, deceased; was elected for the full term of six years from March 4, 1879; in 1885 was re-elected for i further term of six years. Voorhis, Charles H.; was born in Spring Val ley, New Jersey, March 13, 1833; graduated at Rutgers College in 1853; studied law: was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1856, and as a counselor BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 519 in 1859; in 1833 was appointed Presiding Judge for Bergen County; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-sixth Congress. Vose, Roger ; graduated at Harvard University in 1790; was, for many years, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1817. Died April 17, 1842. Vroom, Peter D.; was born in New Jersey in 1791; graduated at Columbia College, New York; was Governor of New Jersey from 1829 to 1836; was a Representative in Congress from New .Jersey from 1839 to 1841; was a member of the "State Constitu tional Convention" of 1844; in 1852 was a Presi dential Elector; in 1853 was appointed Minister to Prussia; was a Delegate to the Peace Congress" of 1861. Died in Trenton, November 18, 1873. Waddell, Alfred Moore ; was born in Hills- borough, North Carolina, September 16, 1834; gradu ated at the University of North Carolina in 1853; studied law, and adopted that profession; was Clerk of the Court of Equity from 1858 until 1861; was a Delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore in 1860; edited the Wilmington Daily Herald from 1860 to 1861; served in the Confederate Army as Lieuten ant-Colonel of Cavalry; was elected to the Forty- second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufactures ; was re- elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Waddill, James B.; was born at Springfield Missouri, November 22, 1842; was educated in the private schools and the College of his native place; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and commenced practice; was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1864 to 1872; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1874; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty -sixth Congress. "Wade, Benjamin F.; was born in Feeding Hills Parish, Massachusetts, October 27, 1800; re ceived a limited education; commenced active life by teaching school and attending to agricultural pur suits in Ohio, to which State he removed when twen ty-one years of age; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; held the positions of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting Attorney for Ashtabula Coun ty, State Senator, and President of a Judicial Cir cuit; in 1851 was elected a Senator in Congress from Ohio, for the term ending in 1857; was twice re flected, his third term ending in 1869; served as Chairman of the Committee on Territories and of the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War, and as a member of the Committees on Foreign Rela tions and on the District of Columbia; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; on the meeting of the Fortieth Con gress was chosen President of the Senate pro tern.; in j 869 was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad Company. Died March 3, 1878. "Wade, Decius O.; was born at Andover, Ohio, January 23, 1835; was educated at Kingsville Acad- j emy, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in | 1857, and entered upon the practice of his profession at Jefferson, Ohio; in 1860 was appointed County Judge of Ashtabula County, and was twice elected i to that position, serving seven years; in 1869 was i : elected a State Senator, and while serving in that ca- f pacity, in 1871, was appointed Chief Justice of Mon tana; was re appointed in 1875, again re-appointed lu 1879, and for a fourth term in 1883. "Wade, Edward ; was born at West Springfield, Massachusetts, November 22, 1803; received a com mon school education ; removed, with his father, to Andover, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1821, where he remained until 1824, and engaged in clearing land; studied law in Albany and Troy, New York, and was admitted to the bar at Jefferson, Ohio, in 1827; was elected Justice of the Peace in that county; in 1832 removed to Union ville, and remained until 1837; fin ally settled in Cleveland, Ohio; was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty- third Congress; was three times re-elected, serving, in the Thirty -sixth Congress, on the Committee on Commerce. Died in Cleveland, in August, 1866. "Wade, "William H.; was born in Clark County, Ohio, November 3, 1835; was educated in the com mon schools, grammar schools, at an academy, and at Antioch College, Ohio; enlisted in the Union Army in 1861, and rose through the intermediate grades to Lieutenant-Colonel ; was mustered out of service in 1866, and settled in Missouri, near Spring field, as a farmer; in 1880 was elected a Representa tive in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1882; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Forty-ninth Congress. "Wadleigh, Bainbridge ; was born in Bradford, New Hampshire, January 4, 1831; received a liberal education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; was a member of the State House of Repre sentatives for eight years between 1865 and 1873; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1873, and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Patents, Military Affairs, and Elections. "Wadsworth, James; was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Continental Congress from 178!? to 1786. "Wadsworth, James "W.; was born at Phila delphia, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1842; iu 1863 went to New Haven, Connecticut, to prepare ibr col lege; in 1864 left his studies to enter the Union Army as a Staff Officer; participated in the battles before Petersburg, Virginia, and was brevetted Major for gallantry at the battle of Five Forks; at the close of the war resumed his studies at the Sheffield Scientific School, at New Haven, where he remained two years; then resumed his residence at Geneseo, New York, and assumed the management of exten sive landed estates which he had inherited ; was Supervisor in 1873, 1874, and 1875; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 1878 and 187t>; was Comptroller of the State from 1879 to 1881 ; in the latter year was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill a vacancy ; was re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. "Wadsworth, Jeremiah ; was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 178<> to 1788; was a Representative in Congress from that Stata from 1789 to 1895. Died in 1804, aged sixty years. "Wadsworth, Peleg ; was born at Duxbury, Mas sachusetts, May 6, 1748; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1769; engaged in commercial pursuits; joined the army as Captain of a Company of Min ute Men, at Roxbury, in the beginning of the war, and by his skill and courage rose rapidly in the ser vice; was second in command of the forces sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts in 1799, on which oc casion he displayed great courage, and was taken prisoner; rose to the rank of Brigadier-General; after the war, in 1784. established himself in Port- 520 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. land, Maine, in mercantile business; was employed much in surveying, in which he was quite skillful; in 1792 was elected a Senator in the Legislature of Massachusetts; in the same year was chosen the first Representative in Congress from his District; was successively re-elected until 1806, when he declined a further nomination; in 1798 the citizens of Portland ;ave him a public dinner in approbation of his con duct as their Representative; in 1807 removed to the County of Oxford, Maine, to improve a large tract of land granted to him by the Government for his services: here he passed the remainder of his days in retirement, enjoying the respect of a large circle of friends and fellow-citizens. Died in 1829. Wadsworth, William H.; was born at Mays- ville, Mason County, Kentucky, July 4, 1821; came of the old family of Wadsworths who founded the City of Hartford, Connecticut; received his education at the Maysville Seminary and the Augusta College of Kentucky; adopted the profession of the law; was a member of the State Senate of Kentucky in 1853 and 1855; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, presid ing over the Electoral College; was elected a Repre sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands and the Joint Committee on the Library; after leaving Congress, was appointed a member of the Mexican Claims Commission; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-ninth Congress. Wagener, David D.; was born in Pennsyl vania; was a merchant, and for many years President of the Easton Bank; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1^33 to 1841. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1860. Waggamann, George A.; was Secretary of the State of Louisiana under three administrations; held various other public positions; was a Senator in Congress from 1831 to 1835. Died at New Orleans, March 23, 1843, from the effects of a wound received in a duel, aged fifty-three years. "Wagner, Peter J.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841. Wait, John Turner ; was born at New Lon don, Connecticut, August 27, 1811; received a mer cantile training in early life, and was two years a Btudent at Trinity College; studied law; was admit ted to practice in 1836 and settled at Norwich, Con necticut; was State s Attorney for the county of New London from 1842 to 1844, and from 1846 to 1854; was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Gov- ernor in 1854, 1855, 1856, and 1857; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1864; was a State Senator in 18 J5 and 1866; President pro tern, the latter year; was a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1867, 1871 and 1873. serving the first year as Speaker; was an un successful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor in 1874; was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of H. H. Starkweather, taking his seat April 12, 1876; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, For ty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty- ninth Congresses. Waite, Charles B.; was born in New York; re moved to Illinois, from which State he was ap pointed an Associate Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake Citv. Waite, Morrison R. ; was born in Lyme, Con necticut, November 29, 1816; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1837; studied law in his native place with his father, then a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors; removed to Ohio in 1838; was admitted to the bar in 1839; practiced his profession from that date until 1874 in Maumee City and Toledo; in 1849 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1871 was one of the Counsel of the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva, under the treaty of Wash ington; in 1873 was unanimously elected a member of the Convention to Amend the Constitution of Ohio, and was made its President; in January, 1874, was nominated and confirmed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, taking the oath of office on the 4th day of the following March; in 1875, when some of his friends in Ohio proposed that he should consent to be a candidate for the Presi dency, he wrote a letter declining the honor, and his opinions on the subject were universally applauded throughout the country. Wakefield, J. B.; was born in Connecticut in 1828; graduated from Trinity College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Ohio; commenced practice in Indiana; removed to Minnesota in 1854; was a member of the first State Legislature of Min nesota in 1857; was again a member of the Legisla ture in 1865, and was elected Speaker; was a State Senator in 1867, 1868, and 1869; in the latter year was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office at Winnebago City; resigned in 1875, and was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Minnesota; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1868 and 1876; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Wakely, Ebenezer; was born in New York; settled in Wisconsin; was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska. Wakeman, Abraham; was born at Fairfield, Connecticut, May 31, 1824; received a district school education; when sixteen years of age removed to New Rochelle, New York, and taught school; subse quently attended an academy in Herkimer County as a pupil, a part of the time working on a farm to pay his expenses; then went into the wilderness, and took charge of a saw-mill; after that went into the business of selling books by subscription, travel ing through much of the Union; in 1844 commenced the study of law in Herkimer County, New York; went to New York City in 1846; was admitted to the bar in 1847; in 1850 was elected to the Legisla ture; was re-elected in 1851; in 1854 was elected an Alderman in New York, serving two years; in 1856 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress; also frequently served as a member of State Conventions. Walbridge, David S.; was born at Benning ton, Vermont, July 30, 1802; received his education from the common schools of the vicinity; devoted himself to the various employments of the farmer, the merchant, and the miller; removed to Michigan in 1842; \vas elected a Representative in Congress from that State in 1854, and served until 1859. Died at Kalamazoo, June 15, 1868. Walbridge, Henry S.; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1851 to 1 853. Walbridge, Hiram ; was born at Ithaca, Tomp- kins County, Now York, February 2, 1821; com- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 521 menced life by learning the trade of a mechanic; subsequently received a good education at the Ohio University ; when twenty-three years of age was elected a Brigadier-General of the Ohio Militia; re moving to New York City, was elected a Representa tive in Congress from New York, serving from 1853 to 1855; in 1865 was President of the "Commercial Convention " held in Detroit; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention " of 1866. Died in New York City, December 6, 1870. Walcott, O. P.; was Assistant Secretary of War during a part of the Rebellion. "Walden, Hiram ; was born in Rutland County, Vermont, August 29, 1800; received a limited educa tion; removed, with his father, to New York; de voted himself to the business of cloth-dressing and wool-carding; took an interest in military affairs, and attained the office of Major-General of Militia; in 1836 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1842 was elected a Supervisor in the County of Schoharie; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851. "Walden, Madison M.; was born in Adams County, Ohio, October 6, 1836; was educated at the Denmark Academy; graduated at the Wesley an Uni versity, Ohio, in 1859; studied law; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, as Captain of Infantry and Cavalry; had charge of a newspaper at Centre- ville, Iowa; was a member of the House of Repre sentatives of Iowa in 1866 and 1867; was a member of the State Senate in 1868 and 1869; was Lieuten- ant-Governor of Iowa in 1870; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Waldo, H. L.; in January, 1876, was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Ter ritory of New Mexico. Waldo, Lorin P.; was born at Canterbury, Windham County, Connecticut, February 2, 1802; received a thorough English education in the com mon schools, and pursued the study of the classics to some extent under private instructors; read law, and was admitted to practice in the courts of the State of Connecticut, in September, 1825; located in Tolland County, Connecticut, where he was State s Attorney from 1857 to 1849; was, for two years, Judge of the Court of Probate in his.district, and six years a mem ber of the Legislature of his State; in April, 1849, was elected to the Thirty-lirst Congress; in 1852 was elected Commissioner of the School Fund of Connecti cut; in March, 1853, was appointed, by President Pierce, Commissioner of Pensions; in June, 1855, was elected, by the Legislature of Connecticut, to the office of Judge of the Supreme Court; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Waldron, Henry; was born at Albapy, New York, October 11, 1819; graduated at Rutgers Col lege, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in July, 1836; became a civil engineer by profession; was elected to the. Legislature of Michigan in 1843; served as a Rep resentative in Congress during the years 1855, 1856, 1857, and 1858, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage; was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Territories; was elected a Representative to the Forty-second, Forty- third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Banking, and Ways and Means, and Chairman of that on Mining. Wales, George E.; was born in Wyndham County, Vermont; served six years in the State Leg islature, and was Speaker in 1823 and 1824; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1825 to 1829; was Judge of Probate for Hartford County from 1843 to 1848. Wales, John ; was a Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1849 to 1851, in place of John M. Clayton, resigned. Died December 3, 1863. Wales, Leonard E.; was born at Wilmington, Delaware, November 26, 1823; received a classical education, graduating from Yale College in 1845; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and entered upon the practice of law at Wilmington, Del aware; in 1864 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Delaware for New Castle County; continued in this position until March 20, 1884, when he re signed to accept the appointment of United States District Judge for the District of Delaware, which had been tendered him by President Cleveland. Walker, Amasa ; was born in Woodstock, Con necticut, May 4, 1799; received a common school education; engaged in mercantile business; in 1842 became Professor of Political Economy at the Oberlin College, Ohio; in 1843 visited Europe as a Delegate to the Peace Congress; went on the same mission iu 1849; was a member of the State Legislature in 1849; was a State Senator in 1850; was Secretary of State in 1851 and 1852; was a member of the " State Con stitutional Convention" of 1853; was elected a Rep resentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of G. F. Bailey, de ceased; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866; was the author of a work on the "Science of Wealth." Died at North Brookfield, Massachusetts, October 29, 1875. He was the father of F. A. Walker, formerly at the head of the Census Bureau in Washington. Walker, Benjamin ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1801 to 1803. Walker, Charles M.; was born in Ohio; in 1863 was appointed, from Indiana, Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, serving until 1869. Walker, O. O. B.; was born at Drewsville, Cheshire County, New Hampshire. June 27, 1824; was educated at the Kimball and Keene Union Academies; removed to Corning, New York; waa made Supervisor of the town; was Postmaster of Corning from 1856 to 1860; was a Delegate to the "Charleston Convention" of that year; was an As sistant Quartermaster-General at Elmirain 1861 ; waa Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1872; was, for twenty-two years, a member of the New York State Democratic Central Committee; in 1874 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress. Walker, David ; was a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky from 1817 to 1820. Died March 1, 1820, having sent a request to Congress that his death should not be officially noticed, which re quest was complied with. Walker, David S.; was Governor of Florida from 1866 to 1868. Walker, Felix ; was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, July 19, 1753; was the friend and com panion of Daniel Boone, when he explored Kentucky and founded Boonsborough; served as a soldier in the BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Indian wars in the Carolinas; settled in Tryon Coun ty, North Carolina; was, for mauy years, in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1817 to 1823; subsequently re moved to the State of Mississippi. Died there in 18 30. "Walker, Francis ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795. "Walker, Francis Amasa ; was born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, July 2, 1840; removed, with his father, to North Brookfield, Massachusetts, in 1343; graduated at Amherst College in 1860; began the study of law; was made Sergeant-Major of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment in 1861; was, the same year, promoted to Assistant Adjutant-General of Couch s Brigade; in 1862 became Adjutant-Gen eral of Couch s Division; in 1863 was Colonel on the Staff of the Second Army Corps; was Brevet Brig adier-General in 1865; served in the Army of the Po tomac; was wounded at Chaucellorsville; was made prisoner at Ream s Station; was confined in Libby Prison; was exchanged in 1865; taught, for two years, in Williston Seminary; was, for one year, edi tor of the Springfield Beptihliettii; then took charge of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington; was Superin tendent of the Census of 1870; in 1871 was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs; was subsequently appointed Professor at Yale College; was again Su perintendent of the Census Bureau, during the tak ing of the Census of 1880. "Walker, Freeman ; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia from 1819 to 1821, and resigned. "Walker, George ; was a Senator in Congress from Kentucky from 1814 to 1815, by appointment of the Governor, and was succeeded by W. T. Barry, elected by the Legislature. "Walker, Gilbert C.; was born at Binghamton, New York, August 1, 1832; entered Williams Col lege, Massachusetts; in 1854 graduated at Hamilton College, New York; came to the bar, and settled at Owego; in 1858 was a member of the "Democratic Convention"; in 1859 removed to Chicago, Illinois, there practicing law and participating in politics; in 1864 went to Norfolk, Virginia; very soon became President of the Exchange National Bank; held other positions of honor and trust; subsequently set tled in Richmond; in 186!) was elected Governor of Virginia by an unprecedented majority, serving four years; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Con gress. Died May 11, 1885. Walker, Henderson ; was a lawyer, Judge of the Supreme Court, and President of the Cooncil, and introduced important reforms in the Judiciary - was Governor of North Carolina from 1699 until his death. Died April 14, 1704, aged forty-four years. "Walker, Isaac P.; was a Presidential Elector in 1841: was a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, from 1848 to 1855, and Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Walker, James D.; was born in Logan County Kentucky, December 13, 1830; was educated at private schools, and at Ozark Institute, Arkansas, to which State he removed in 1847; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850, and commenced practice at Fayetteville, Arkansas; served in the Confederate Army as a Colonel; was Solicitor General of the State for a time; was a Presidential Elector in 1876; in 1879 took his seat as a Senator of the United States from Arkansas for the term of six years. Walker, John ; was a Senator in Congress from Virginia during the year 1790, by appointment, but was superseded by J. Monroe; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Walker, John H.; was a native of Pennsyl vania; was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for the District of Pennsylvania. Walker, John W.; graduated at Princeton College in 1806; was a Senator in Congress from Alabama, from 1819 to 1822; resigned on account of ill-health: it is said that he sometimes addressed the Senate when it was thought he would die before completing his remarks. Died in April, 1823. "Walker, Joseph ; was elected Governor of Louisiana in 1850, and held the office until 1854. Walker, Percy ; was born near Huntsville, Alabama; received an academic education; in 1835 graduated in the medical department of the Univers ity of Pennsylvania, and removed to Mobile; served as an officer in a Volunteer company during the Creek War; afterwards studied law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected, by the Legislature, to the office of State s Attorney for the Sixth Judicial Circuit, which he held four years; in 1839, 1847, and 1853 represented Mobile County in the General Assembly; in 1855 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty- fourth Congress; at the next election declined being a candidate, and resumed the practice of law. Walker, Robert J.; was born in Northumber land, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1801; entered the Uni versity of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1819; on leaving College settled in Pittsburgh; studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1821; interested himself in politics at a very early period, and became Chairman of the Democratic Committee, during a State election, when only twen ty-two years of age; a year or two later took part in the movement in favor of nominating General Jack son to the Presidency, and was instrumental in bringing about the action of the " Harrisburg Con vention " which nominated Jackson for that office in 1824; in the spring of 1826 removed to the State of Mississippi; uniformly refused political office until 1836, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving until 1845; in that body was one of the leaders of his party; in March, 1845, on President Folk s accession to office, was called upon to take charge of the Treasury Department, which he ad ministered for four years; subsequently visited En gland, where he met with flattering attentions; after having been, for some years, out of politics, was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, in 1857, Governor of the Territory of Kansas, which office he re signed; in 1863 again went to Europe and negotiated bonds of the Government to the amount of two hun dred and fifty millions of dollars; his financial writ ings were numerous and highly appreciated; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Tnion Con vention " of 1866. Died in Washington. November 11, 1809. Walker, Robert J. C.; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1838; graduated at Dane Hall, Harvard University, in 1858; was ad mitted to the bar at Philadelphia in 1859; was elected a District School Director; twice elected a member BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. of the City Council; was, for some time, editor and proprietor of The Saturday Evening Post newspaper; in 1878 removed to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and engaged in the lumber and coal business; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sev enth Congress. "Walker, William A.; was born in New Hamp shire; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 1855. Died in New York, De cember 18, 1861. "Wall, Garret D.; was born in Monmouth Coun ty, New Jersey, March 10, 1783; received an aca demic education; in 1798 commenced the study of law at Trenton; in 1804 was licensed as an Attorney, and in 1807 as Counselor-at-law; was appointed Clerk of the State Supreme Court in 1812, which office he held for five years; commanded a Volunteer Company at the defense of Sandy Hook in the War of 1812; was Quartermaster-General of the State from 1815 to 1837; in 1827 was elected to the General As sembly; in 1829 was appointed United States Dis trict Attorney for New Jersey; the same year was elected, by the Legislature, Governor of the State, but declined the office; was a member of the United States Senate from 1835 to 1841 ; in 1843 his health was greatly impaired by a stroke of paralysis; in 1848 was appointed Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, which office he occupied until his death, which occurred in Burlington, New Jersey, Novem ber 22, 1850. His disease was dropsy on the chest. "Wall, James "W.; was born at Trenton, New Jersey, in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1839: studied law, and commenced to practice in Trenton; his first public position was that of Com missioner of Bankruptcy; in 1847 settled in Burling ton, and devoted some attention to literary pursuits; in 1850 was elected Mayor of Burlington; in 1854 visited Europe, and published a volume, entitled " Foreign Etchings; or, Visits to the Old World s Pleasant Places "; during the early part of the War of the Rebellion wrote against the administration in power, for interfering with the freedom of the press; was imprisoned for a few weeks, in Fort Lafayette, and on his release was welcomed home with great enthusiasm by his fellow-citizens; in January, 1863, was elected a Senator in Congress from New Jersey, for the unexpired term of John W. Thompson, de ceased. Died June 9, 1872. "Wall, "William; was born in Philadelphia, March 20, 1801 ; served seven years as an apprentice to a ropemaker; removed to Kings County, Long Island, in 1822, where he followed his business of ropemakingso successfully that when he relinquished it, in 1856, he had acquired a large fortune; while thus engaged in active business was called upon to fill a great number of local offices, such as Commis sioner of Highways, School Trustee, Supervisor, Commissioner of Water-works, etc. ; in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures on Public Buildings; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy alists Convention" of 1866. "Wallace, Alexander S.; was born in York County, South Carolina, December 30, 1810; received a liberal education; was a planter; was appointed a magistrate in 1838, and re-appointed until 1853; was elected a member of the Legislature, in 1852, as a Union candidate, in opposition to all secession movements; was again elected in 1865; was appointed Ittternal Revenue Collector in 1866, which position he held until elected to the Forty-first Congress; was- re-elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and For ty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, Accounts, and Revolutionary Pen- Wallace, Daniel ; was born in South Carolina; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1853. Wallace, David; was born in Philadelphia,. April 4, 1799; graduated at West Point in 1821, and served for a time as Professor of Mathematics; in. 1828 was a member of the Indiana Legislature; waa elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1830 and in 1833; was Governor of the State from 1837 to- 1840; was a Representative in Congress, from In diana, from 1841 to 1843; subsequently wa*$ Prosecut ing Attorney for the State; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention"; in 1856 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at In dianapolis, where he died, September 5, 1859. Wallace, James M. ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1821; it is said he always protested against the initial M. in his name, but never got rid of it in the Journals of Con gress. Wallace, John W.; was born at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1818; received a classical education; studied medicine, and graduated at Jef ferson Medical College in 1846; located at Darling ton, Pennsylvania; removed to Newcastle, Pennsyl vania, in 1850, and acquired an extensive practice;, was, several times, a Delegate to State and National Conventions; in 1860 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty -seventh Congress; was re-nominated in 1862, but was defeated; in 18G& was appointed Paymaster in the Army, and served until the close of the war; in 1870 was a Presidential Elector; in 1874 was elected a Representative from. Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. Wallace, Jonathan H.; was born in Colum- biana County, Ohio, in 1828; was educated at Wash ington College, Pennsylvania; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at New Lisbon, Ohio, in 1851; was elected Prosecut ing Attorney of Columbiana County; was re-elected in 1853; was elected a Representative from Ohio to- the Forty-eighth Congress; the certificate of election having been issued to William McKinley, Mr. Wal lace contested the election, and was finally awarded his seat by the House of Representatives. Wallace, Lewis; was born at Brock ville, In diana, in 1828; received a good education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law at Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he continued, thereafter, to reside; served as a Lieuten ant in the First Regiment of Indiana Volunteers during the war with Mexico; after its close, resumed the practice of his profession; served one term as a State Senator; at the outbreak of the Civil War was appointed Adjutant-General of Indiana; soon after became Colonel of a Regiment of Zouaves, with which he engaged in active service; afterwards was appointed Colonel of the Eleventh Regiment of In diana Volunteers; in September, 1861, was commis sioned a Brigadier-General; in March, 1862, was promoted to Major-General for conspicuous gallantry it the capture of Fort Donelson; was United States Minister to Paraguay; was Governor of the Territory 524 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. of New Mexico from 1878 to 1881; in 1882 was ap pointed United States Minister to Turkey, serving until 1885. Wallace, William A.; was born at Clearfield, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1827; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847; in 1862 was elected to the State Senate, and served, by re-elections, until 1871, when he was made Speaker of that body; frequently served as chairman of political conventions; was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commenc ing in 1875.and ending in 1881. Wallace, William H.; was born in Miami County, Ohio, July 17, 1811; passed his early life in Indiana; removed to Iowa in 1837; was elected to the State Legislature of Iowa, and served as Speaker, and also as President of the State Council; was ap pointed, by President Taylor. Receiver of Public Moneys at Fairfield, Iowa; removed to Washington Territory in 1853; served several sessions in the Ter ritorial Legislature; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Governor of Washington Terri tory; was elected a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty- seventh Congress; was appointed the first Governor of Idaho Territory; was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress as a Delegate from Idaho; was a member of the National Committee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention" of 1866. Wallace, W. J.J was born at Syracuse, New York, April 14, 1838; received a classical education by a private tutor; studied law; was graduated from the Law School of Hamilton College, and admitted to the bar in July, 1859; was Mayor of Syracuse in 1873 and 1874; was appointed United States District Judge for the Northern District of New York in 1874; received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Hamilton College in 1875, and from Syracuse University in 1882; in the latter year was appointed United States Cir cuit Judge for the Second Judicial Circuit. Waller, Thomas M.; was born in New York City in 1839; received an academic education; re moved to Connecticut; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1861; engaged in practice at New London, Connecticut; was a Representative in the Shite Legislature in 1867, 1868, 1872 and 1876; was Speaker of the House during the latter term; was Secretary of State in 1870; was State s Attorney from 1876 until January, 1883, when he resigned to enter opon the duties of Governor of Connecticut, to which office he had been elected the previous Novem ber for the term of two years. Walley, Samuel H.; was born in Boston, Mas sachusetts, August 31, 1805; fitted himself for col lege at Andover Academy; graduated at Harvard University in 1826; studied law; officiated for twen ty years as Treasurer of a savings bank in Boston for the benefit of the seamen; was also, for a long time Treasurer of a railroad in Vermont, and one in New York; was also a member of the State Legislature for eight sessions, and Speaker of the House for two years; was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855; on his return from Washington was the Whig Candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, but was de feated; was a Bank Commissioner in 1858; in 1859 became President of the Revere Bank, of Boston. Walling, Ansel T.; was born in Otsego County New York, January 10, 1824; removed, with his elder brother, to Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1833; received an academic education; learned the printing trade; re moved to Ohio in 1843 and was editor of the Mahon- ing Index and Coshocton Democrat, and, for a time, of the Keokuk Daily Times in Iowa; in 1851 was ap pointed a Clerk in the Ohio Legislature; was admit ted to the bar in 1852; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention of 1856 from Iowa; in 1863 resumed the practice of his profession at Circleville, Ohio; in 1865 was elected to the State Senate; in 1867 was elected to the State Assembly and made Speaker; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress. W^alls, Josiah T.; was born in Winchester, Vir ginia, December 30, 1842 ; received a good education ; was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1868; was a member of the State Leg islature in 1868; was a member of the State Senate in 1869; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by Silas L. Niblack. Wain, Robert ; was a prominent merchant in Philadelphia; was a member of Congress from Penn sylvania, from 1798 to 1801, first for the unexpired term of John Swanwick, and was then re-elected. Died January 24, 1836, aged seventy-one years. Walsh, Mike ; was born in Yanghull, Ireland; came to this country when a child; spent his boyhood as a wanderer; conducted a paper in New York called the Subterranean, in which he published certain libels, for which he was imprisoned two years; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New York from 1853 to 1855; subsequently visited Europe and Mexico; on March 17, 1859, was found dead in the yard of a pub lic house in New York. The cause of his death is unknown. Walsh, M. Robert; was born in Pennsylvania; was the son of Robert Walsh, the author; in 1841 was appointed Secretary of legation to Brazil, where he remained until 1847; between 1848 and 1850 acted in the same capacity, and also as Charge d Af faires to Costa Rica; in 1852 was instructed as a Special Envoy to obtain a settlement of disputes be tween Costa Rica and Nicaragua in regard to the boundaries which were obstacles to the commence ment of the canal across the latter country, after which he returned to the United States. Walsh, Thomas Y.; was a native of Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Walsh, William; was born in Ireland, May 11, 1828; emigrated to this country in 1842; was edu cated chiefly at St. Mary s College, in Maryland; studied law in New York and Virginia, and came to the bar in the latter State in 1850; settled for the practice of his profession at Cumberland, Maryland, in 1852; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and also in 1872; was a member of the Maryland Constitu tional Convention of 1867; in 1874 was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty -fifth Congress. Walthall, Ed-ward Cary ; was born at Rich mond, Virginia, April 4, 1831; removed, with his parents, to Holly Springs, Mississippi, in 1838; re ceived an academic education at that place; in 1849 left school, and was employed as a copyist in the office of the County Clerk for one year; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852, and settled at Coffeyville, Yalobasha County, Mississippi, in the practice of law; in 1856 was elected District Attorney of the Tenth Judicial District of Mississippi; was re- elected, without opposition, in 1859; in April, 1861, BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 525- resigned and entered the Confederate Army as a Lieutenant in the Fifteenth Mississippi Regiment was soon afterwards elected Lieutenant-Colonel; in April, 1862, was elected Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Mississ -95 i Regiment; in December, 1862, was pro moted a iiriguctier-General; in June, 1864, was com missioned a Major-General; served in the Army of the West, under Generals Bragg, Hood, and John son; after the close of the Civil War resumed the practice of his profession at Coffeyville, Mississippi in 1868 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention, and was one of its Vice-Presidents; in 1871 removed to Grenada, Mississippi, where he c<n.inued the practice of law ; was Chairman of the Mississippi Delegations to the Democratic National Conventions of 1876, 1880, and 1884; in March, 1885, was appointed United States Senator from Missis sippi, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the elevation of L. Q. C. Lamar to the post of Secretary of the Interior; in January, 1886, was elected to that posi tion, by the Legislature, for the remainder of the un- expired term, ending March 3, 1889. Walton, Charles W.; was born in Mexico, Ox ford County, Maine, December 9, 1819; was bred a printer; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843; in 1847 was elected Attorney for Oxford Coun ty, which office he held for four years; removing to Androscoggiu County, in 1855, was elected Attorney for that County in 1857, which office he held until I860, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; in May, 186 2, resigned his seat in Congress, and was appoint ed, by the Governor, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. "Walton, E. P.; was born in Montpelier, Ver mont, February 17, 1812; studied law, but was a practical printer and editor; for several years edited the Vermont Watchman; served in the State Legisla ture, as a Representative, one term; was then elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expendi tures; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth and Thirty- seventh Congresses, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Claims, and Chairman of that on Printing; was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866; after leaving Congress, resumed the editorship of his journal in Montpelier, Vermont. Walton, George ; was born in Virginia in 1740; served an apprenticeship to the carpenter s trade, after the expiration of which he removed to Georgia; studied ] aw, and was admitted to the bar in 1774; was one of the four individuals who called a public meeting at Savannah in 1774, to concert measures for the defense of the country; was one of the Commit tee who prepared a petition to the king, and drew up the patriotic resolutions adopted on that occasion; was active in promoting the Revolution at home; in 1776 was a Delegate to Congress from Georgia, and a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation; when the enemy attacked Savannah he was dangerously wounded, and taken prisoner, but was released in 1779; the same year was chosen Governor of the State; in 1780 was again sent to Congress; in 1783 was appointed Chief Justice of the State; in 1787 was a Delegate to the Convention for framing the Constitution of the United States, but declined taking his seat; in 1789 was a Presidential Elector; in 1793 was again Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1795 was elected to succeed James Jackson as a Senator in Congress, but was superseded by J. Tatnall. Died February 2, 1804. Walton, Matthew ; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1807, and a- Presidential Elector in 1809. Died January 18, 1819. Walworth, Reuben Hyde; was born at Bozrah, Connecticut, in October, 1789; passed his boyhood on a farm, and had few advantages of edu cation; commenced the study of law at the age of seventeen, and when twenty was admitted to prac tice ; when twenty -two was licensed as an attorney of the Supreme Court of New York; settled at Platts- burg, New York, in 1811; held, successively, the offices of Master in Chancery, officer of militia dur ing the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, and Adjutant- General of the combined forces, having as such par ticipated in the battles of Beekmanstown and Pike s. Cantonment; was a member of the House of Repre sentatives during the Seventeenth Congress; declined a re-election; was appointed a Circuit Judge in 1823; in 1828 was made Chancellor of the State of New York, which office he held for twenty years, when the office was abolished; his opinions as Chancellor were published in fourteen volumes, while his other opinions occupy as many more; from Yale College he received the degree of LL.D. Died in Saratoga, November 28, 1867. Ward, Aaron; was born at Sing Sing, New York, July 5, 1790; waj educated at Mount Pleas ant Academy, and adopted the profession of the law; in 1814 served in the regular army as a Captain; was, for a time after the war, District Attorney for the County of Westchester; subsequently attained the position of Major-General of the New York Militia; served as a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1829, from 1831 to 1837, and from 1841 to 1843; in 1846 was a Delegate to the "State Constitutional Convention " ; in 1853 visited Europe, where he spent two years, and on his return published a book of travels; while in Congress, and after his retirement, he did all in his power to secure a good education for the children of soldiers. Died in Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia, March 2, 1867. Ward, Artemas; was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1748; was a Repre sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Worcester; June 17, 1775, was appointed Major- General of the American Army, and was intrusted with the command of the right wing of the troops tationed at Roxbury for the siege of Boston ; was a Delegate to the Provincial Congress, and a Repre sentative in the United States Congress from Massa- husetts from 1791 to 1795; was much esteemed by Washington, and, although he resigned his commis sion in April, 1776, at the request of the Commander- n-Chief he continued some time longer in the ser vice ; was a man of exemplary piety and incorrupti ble integrity. After a long and patient endurance of many sufferings, he died at Shrewsbury, Massachu setts, October 28, 1800, aged seventy-three years. Ward, Artemas ; was born in Massachusetts, January 9, 1762; graduated at Harvard University n 1783; studied law; was admitted to practice, and soon became eminent in his profession; was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817; in 1821 was appointed Chief Justice of he Court of Common Pleas of the State, which office le held for nineteen years. Died in Boston, October 7, 1847. He was honored with the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University. 523 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. "Ward, A. H.; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress for the un- expired term of G. C. Smith, resigned, serving on the Committees on Mileage and the Militia. "Ward, Elijah ; was born in Sing Sing, New York, September 16, 1816; received an academic ed ucation ; was bred a merchant, chiefly in the city of New York, where he was President of the Mercantile Library Association in 1839; studied law at the Uni versity of New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1843; was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the District of Columbia; in 1860 was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals and on Commerce; was, for several years, Judge Advocate-General of New York with the rank of Brigadier-General; was also elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. "Ward, Hamilton ; was born at Salisbury, Her- kimer County, New York, July 3, 1829; received a liberal education; studied law, and came to the bar at Cooperstown in 1851, settling in the practice of his profession at Belmont, Allegany County; in 1856 was elected District Attorney for that County, holding the office three years, and was re-elected in 1862; during that year, under an appointment of the Governor, was active in raising and organizing State troops; in 1864 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and on Accounts; was re- elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committee on the Assassination of President Lincoln, and Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims; was also a Delegate to the "State Republican Convention" of 1867. "Ward, Henry; was appointed Secretary of Rhode Island in 1760; was a supporter of the Revo lution ; a member of the Congress which met in New York in 1765; was a member of the Committee of Correspondence during the Revolution; held the office of Secretary from his appointment until his death: the same position was held by the father and two of his sons for seventv years. Died in Decem ber, 1797. "Ward, James H.; was born at Chicago, Illinois November 30, 1853; received his early education at the public schools in Chicago, and afterwards attend ed the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, graduat- jng in 1873; attended the Union College of Law, at Chicago, graduating in 1876; was admitted to the bar in July, 1876, and engaged in the practice of law at Chicago; was elected Supervisor of the town of vVest Chicago in 1879; was a Presidential Elector in 1884; in the same year was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-ninth Congress. "Ward, Jasper D.; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-third Congress; five days after its adjournment was appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, March 9, 1875. Ward, John E.; was a citizen of Georgia; in L8o8 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Jhina, where he remained until I860. "Ward, Jonathan; was a native of New York- was a State Senator from Westchester County from 1807 to 1810; was a Representative in Congress from 1817. Ward, Marcus L.; was born in Newark, New Jersey, November 9, 1812; received a good education; engaged in manufacturing pursuits; was a Delegate to the Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860, and to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; was an Elector on the Lincoln and Johnson ticket; was elected Governor of New Jersey, in 1865, for the term of three years; was a member of the National Republican Committee, and its Chairman; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Foreign Affairs; in December, 1875, was ap pointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but decline the office. Died April 25, 1884. Ward, Matthias ; was born in Elbert County, Georgia; removed, in childhood, to Madison County. Alabama; received an academic education; was i school-teacher for two years; studied law; became ;i citizen of the Republic of Texas in 1836; served a number of years in the Congress of that Republic, and when it became a State was elected to the Legis lature as a Senator; was a member of the Conventions which nominated Mr. Pierce and Mr. Buchanan foi the office of President; in 1856 was chosen President of the State Democratic Convention held at Austin ; in 1858 was appointed a Senator in Congress 1 rom Texas for the term ending in 1863. Died at Raleigh, North Carolina, October 13, 1861. Ward, Samuel ; was born in Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1725; was reared a farmer; settled in Westerly, Rhode Island; was a member of the General Assembly from 1756 to 1759; was Chief Jus tice in 1761; was Governor in 1762, and from 1765 to 1767; was one of the founders of Rhode Island Col lege, now known as Brown University; was an active patriot; was Chairman of the Westerly Committee of Correspondence; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, in which he usually pre sided when in Committee of the Whole, and was a member of important Committees. Died in Phila delphia, March 25, 1776, while attending a session of Congress. Ward, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from New Jersey from 1813 to 1817. Died at Newark, New Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged eighty- three. Ward, Thomas B.; was born at Marysville, Union County, Ohio, April 27, 1835; removed, with his parents, to Lafayette, Indiana, in 1836; was grad uated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1855; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1857; was twice elected Mayor of the city of Lafayette, serving from 1861 to 1865; served six years as City Attorney; in 1875 was appointed, by the Governor, to the then newly-created office of Judge of the Superior Court of Tippecanoe County; in 1876 was elected to that position, and served four years; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Ward, "William; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1837; was educated at Girard College, in that city; became a printer; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice; was a member of the City Council of Ches ter, Pennsylvania; City Solicitor; was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-Iifth Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Ward, William T.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from i851 to 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 527 "Wardell, Daniel; was born at Bristol, Rhode Island, in 1791; graduated at Brown University in 1811; soon afterwards removed to Rome, Now York, where he studied, law, and was admitted to the bar; was four times elected to the Legislature of his adopted State; was, for several years, Judge of a County Court; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman o( the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Ware, Ashur ; was born in Shelburne. Massa chusetts, February 10, 1782: graduated at Harvard University in 1804; was a tutor in that institution from 1807 to 1811; was professor of Greek from 1811 to 1815; was an A ttorney-at-law in Boston in 181G, and editor of the Boston Yankee ; removed to Port land in 1817, and was Judge of the United States District Court of Maine from 1822 to 1836; was first Secretary of State for Maine in 1820; published Re ports of Cases in the United States District Court of Maine, from 1822 to 1839; also wrote several legal essays and orations; received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin College in 1837. Ware, Nicholas; was a Senator in Congress from Georgia from 1821 to the time of his death, which occurred in New York City, September 7, 1824. Warfield, Henry R.; was born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; was a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1819 to 1H5; on the morn ing of March 18, 1839. was found dead in his bed at Frederick, Maryland. Warmouth, Henry C.; was Governor of Louis iana from 1868 to 1872. Warner, A. J.; was born in Erie County. New York, January 13, 1834; was educated at Beloit, Wisconsin, and at New York Central College, New York; was Principal of the Lewiston Academy, and Superintendent of Public Schools of Minim County, Pennsylvania, and Principal of Mercer Union Schools, Pennsylvania, from 1856 to 1861; in the latter year entered the Union Army as Captain, and served throughout the war, rising to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1865, but never practiced; was elected a Representa tive from Ohio to the Forty-sixth Congress ; was also elected to the Forty eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Warner, Hiram ; was born in Hampshire Coun ty, Massachusetts, October 29. 1802; received a good Common school education, with some knowledge of the classics; emigrated to Georgia at the age of seven teen, and there taught school for three years; with his earnings was enabled to study the profession of the law; was admitted to practice in 1825, and opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford County; from 1828 to 1831 was a Representative to the General Assembly, and declined a re-election; in 1833 was elected, by the Legislature, one of the Judges of the Superior Courts of the State, and was re-elected in 1836, holding the office until 1840; from that time until 1845 was engaged in a lucrative practice; in that year was appointed one of the Judges of the State Supreme Court, serving for eight years, and then resigned; in 1855 was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress; declined a re-election in 1857. Warner, Levi ; was born at Wethersfield, Con necticut, October 10, 1831; received a common school education; studied law at the Yale Law School, and at the Dane Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts; was admitted to the bar in 1859. and began practice in Fairfield County, Connecticut; never held any public office until elected to the Forty-fourth Con gress to fill the vacancy caused by the election of W. H. Barnum to the United States Senate; was re-elect ed to the Forty-fifth Congress. Warner, Richard ; was born in Tennessee in 1835; received a good education; graduated at the Lebanon Law School, Tennessee; engaged in the practice of law at Lewisburg, Tennessee, in 1858; served in the Confederate Army throughout the War of the Rebellion ; was a Delegate to the State Consti tutional Convention of 1870; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878; was elected a Repre sentative from Tennessee to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. Warner, Samuel L.; was born in W eathers- tield, Connecticut, in 1829; received an academic education, and settled in Middletown: prepared him self for the legal profession by a cours of study at the Yale and Harvard Law Schools, coming to the bar in 1853; in the latter part of that year was appointed Executive Secretary of State; in 1857 was a member of the Connecticut Legislature; in 1861 was elected Mayor of Middletown, and was re-elected until 1865, when he was elected a Representative from Connec ticut to the Thirty-ninth Congr^s, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditure, and Expendi tures in the Navy Department; prior to 1861 was identified with the Democratic party, and was a Del egate to and a Secretary of the "Baltimore Conven tion" of 1860; was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Warner Willard ; was born in Granville, Ohio, September 4, 1826; graduated at Marietta College in 1845; entered the Volunteer army in 1861 as a Major: served on the Staff of General Sherman during the Atlanta Campaign; in 1864 was appointed Colonel of the One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Volunteers; was promoted to the rank of Major-General by brevet, for "gallant and meritorious services"; was mustered out of service in 1865; subsequently served two years in the Ohio Senate; was chosen a Senator in Congress from Alabama for the term ending in 1671, serving on the Committees on Finance and Public Lands. Warner, William; was born in 1841; was reared in Wisconsin; was educated at Lawrence Uni versity, Wisconsin, and Michigan University; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law; served three and a half years in the Union Army, in the Thirty-third and Forty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry, during the Civil War; after the close of the war settled at Kansas City. Missouri, in the practice of his profession; in April, 1867, was elected City Attorney of Kansas City; in November. 1868, was elected Circuit Attorney; was Mayor o! Kansas City, Missouri, in 1871; was a Presidential Elector in 1872; was appointed United States Attor ney for the Western District of Missouri in 1882; in 1885 received the votes of the Republican members of the Missouri Legislature for United States Senator; was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-ninth Congress. Warren, Cornelius ; was born in Putnam Coun ty, New York, in 1790; was a member of Congres - from New York from 1847 until his death. Died a; Cold Spring, July 28, 1849. Warren, Edward A.; was born in Greene County, Alabama, May 2, 1818; received a liberal education, and studied law; served in the Mississippi Legislature in 1845 and 1846; was a Representative 628 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. in the Legislature of Arkansas in 1848 and 1849, and was Speaker of the Rouse; in 1850 was elected State s Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District of Arkansas; was a Representative from that State to the Thirty- third Congress; was also elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress; was a member of the Committees on the Militia, and Railroads and Canals. Died in Nevada, Arkansas, July 2, 1875. "Warren, Fitz Henry; was a citizen of Iowa; was well educated, and paid some attention to poli tics; in 1851 was appointed Second Assistant Post master-General, in which office he remained about one year; was frequently a Presidential Elector; in 1865 was appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala, where he remained until 1869, after which he re turned to the United States, and resumed his interest in politics. Warren, Francis E.; was born at Hinsdale, Massachusetts, June 20, 1844; was reared on a farm; received a common school and academic education; served in the Forty-ninth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the War of the Rebellion, until his term of enlistment expired, in 1863; in 1864 was ap pointed, by the Governor of Massachusetts, Captain of Militia; early in 1868 removed to Des Moines, Iowa; in the same year removed to Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory; was engaged in various pursuits, among them those of merchant, stockraiser, and banker, and was very successful ; was twice elected a member of the City Council; served one term as Mayor of the city; was a member of the higher branch of the Territorial Legislature for two terms, serving one term as its presiding officer; served three terms as Treasurer of the Territory; was Chairman of the Republican Central Committee of the Territory ; was unanimously nominated for Delegate to Congress, but business engagements compelled him to decline ; in February, 1885, was appointed, by President Arthur, Governor of Wyoming Territory. Warren, Joseph M.; was born in Troy, New York, in 1813; graduated at Washington College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1834; was a manufacturer and merchant; was elected Mayor of Troy in 1852; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Warren, Lott; was born in Burke County Georgia, October 30, 1797; commenced life as clerk in a store; served in the Seminole War as a Second Lieu tenant of Militia in 1818 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1821; in 1823 was elected a Major of Battalion; in 1824 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1825 was appointed Solicitor-General to lill a vacancy; in 1830 was elected to the State Senate; in 1831 was again elected to the lower house of the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843; was subsequently devoted to the profession of law. Warren, W. W.; was born at Brighton, Massa chusetts, February 27, 1834; graduated at Harvard University in 1854; studied three years in the Law School, and was admitted to practice in 1857; suc ceeded his father as Town Clerk in 1856, and held the omce ten years, when he resigned; was appointed, by President Johnson, Assessor of Internal Revenue, and held the office four months; in 1870 was a mem ber of the State Senate ; received several nominations to important offices, but declined; was an active mover in city improvements, and was instrumental in the formation of the abattoir in Boston; was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con gress Washburn, Cadwalader C.; was born in the town of Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818; was a lawyer by profession; removed to Wisconsin, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty -fourth and Thirty -fifth Congresses; was a member of the Committees on Private Land Claims and Expenditures on the Public Buildings; was re- elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Private Land Claims and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- three; was also a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861; in November, 1862, was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, a Major-General in the Union Army; was a Delegate to the "Soldiers Convention" held in Pittsburgh in 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and was placed on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Expenditures on the Public Buildings, and Appropriations. Died May 14, 1882. Washburn, Charles A.; was a citizen of Cali fornia; in 1861 was appointed a Commissioner to Paraguay; became Minister Resident to Paraguay in 1863; returned to the United States in 1868. Washburn, Emory ; was born at Leicester, Massachusetts, February 14, 1800; graduated at Wil liams College in 1817; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1 821 ; practiced in Leicester from 1821 to 1828, and at Worcester from 1828 to 1856; was a member of the General Court from 1825 to 1827, and in 1838; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1844 to 1847 ; was Governor of Massachu setts in 1854 and 1855; became a Professor of the Cambridge Law School in 1855, and so continued for many years; published two local histories of Leices ter, including events of the Revolution; "Sketches of the Judicial History of Massachusetts," and his most important work was "A Treatise on the Ameri can Law of Real Property "; also published several addresses and legal papers; was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Antiquity Society of Worcester, the New England Historical and Gen ealogical Society, and the Massachusetts Historical Society; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University and Williams College in 1854. Washburn, Henry D.; was born in Windsor County, Vermont, March 28, 1832; during that year removed, with his father, to Ohio; was early ap prenticed to the trade of a tanner, but not liking the business, became a school teacher, which occupation he followed until his twentieth year; studied law, and graduated at the New York State and National Law School in 1853; subsequently settled in Indiana; in 1854 was appointed Auditor of Vermillion County, Indiana; was elected to the same position in 1856, serving as such until 1861; in July of that year raised a company for service in the war; was pro moted to the command as Colonel of the Eighteenth Indiana Volunteers in 1862; in 1864 was bre vetted a Brigadier-General; was mustered out of the service in 1865; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, successfully contesting the seat claimed by D. W. Voorhees, serving on the Committees on Claims and Southern Railroads; was a Delegate to the Pittsburgh "Soldiers Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Retrenchment, Mili tary Affairs, the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chair man of the Committee on Soldiers and Sailors Boun ties; in April, 1869, was appointed Surveyor-General of Montana. Washburn, Israel, Jr.; was born at Livermore, County of Oxford, (now Androscoggin), Maine, June* BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 529 6,1813; received a classical education; studied law; in October, 1834, was admitted to the bar; com menced the practice of law at Orono, Penobscot County, Maine, December, 1834; was a member of the Legislature in 1842; was elected to the Federal House of Representatives from Maine for the Thirty- second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving in the latter Con gress as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means; in 18GO was elected Governor of Maine; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of the Port of Portland, Maine. Died at Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1883. Washburn, Peter Thacher ; was born in Lynn , Massachusetts, September 7, 1814; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1835; studied at the Cambridge Law School; practiced law at Ludlow, Vermont, from 18.59 to 1854; afterward settled at Woodstock; was Reporter of the Vermont Supreme Court for eight years; was Adjutant and Inspector-General for Vermont from 1861 to 1866; was Governor of the State from 1869 until his death, which occurred Feb ruary 7, 1870; was the author of many legal reports and digests. Washburn, William B.; was born in Winch- endon, Massachusetts, January 31, 1820; graduated at Yale College in 1844; engaged in the manufactur ing business; was a member of the State Senate in 1850, and of the lower house in 1854; was subse quently President of the Greenfield Bank; was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Inva lid Pensions, and Roads and Canals; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Claims and Revolutionary Pensions; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; was re-elected .to the Fortieth Con gress; continued to serve in the House of Representa tives until 1872, when he resigned; was Governor of Massachusetts in 1872 and 1873; resigned, and was elected a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Charles Sumner, and continued in the Senate un til 1875, serving on important Committees. "Washburn, William Drew ; was born in Liv- ermore, Maine, January 14, 1831; was reared on a farm, attending school in winter; graduated at Bow- doin College in 1854; studied law; in 1857 removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota; engaged in the practice of law and in other pursuits; was Surveyor-General of Minnesota from 1861 to 1865, residing at St. Paul; returned to Minneapolis and became largely engaged in manufacturing; was President of the Minneapo lis and Saint Louis Railway Company; was elected to the Legislature in 1858, and again in 1871; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the For ty-sixth, Forty -seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Washburne, Elihu B. ; was born at Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, September 23, 1816; served an apprenticeship in the printing office of the Ken- ncbec Journal; studied law at Harvard University, and. removing to the West, practiced at Galena, Illinois; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- third Congress from that State, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-Fifth, and Thirty-sixth Con gresses, serving, during two Congresses, as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; was again re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, as a member of the Joint C mmiittee on the Library, and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on 34 Immigration; on account of having served continu ously for a longer period than any other member of the Thirty-eighth Congress, usage awarded him the title of Father of the House"; was the author among many others, of the bill reviving the office of Lieutenant-General, which was conferred upon Gen eral Grant; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, again serving at the head of the Committee on Commerce, as Chairman of the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as a member of the Committees on Rules, Reconstruction, Air-line Railroad to New York, and as Chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate the Memphis Riots; two of his brothers also served in Congress, namely, Israel Jr., and Cadwalader C. Washburn, who wrote their names without the e; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; in March, 1869, was appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Grant, but resigned, after one week of service, to accept the post of Minister Plenipotentiary to France, continu ing in that position until 1877; during the Franco- German war gained the fervent regard of the Ger man people by extending protection to Germans in Paris. Washington, Bushrod ; was born in West moreland County, Virginia, June 5, 1762; graduated at William and Mary College in 1778; studied law, and was successful in the profession; served as a soldier in the Revolution ; was a member of the Vir ginia House of Delegates; was a member of the Con vention to ratify the Federal Constitution; resided both in Alexandria and Richmond; was the first President of the Colonization Society; in 1798 was appointed, by President Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; published two volumes of Reports of the Court of Appeals of Vir ginia, and four volumes of Reports of the Third Circuit of the United States Court; was a favorite with his uncle the first President; was a devisee of Mount Vernon, and a man of ability and high character. Died in Philadelphia, November 26, 1829. Washington, George ; was born at Bridge s Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, February 22, 1732; was descended from a family distinguished for its respectability and virtue; at the age often years lost his father; was educated in English litera ture and the general principles of science by a private tutor; adopted the profession of a surveyor; when nineteen years of age was appointed an Adjutant, with the rank of Major; in 1~53 was employed by Dinwiddie on a mission to the French Army in the Valley of the Ohio, and made treaties with the In dians; served as an Aid-de-camp under Braddock, and. on the fall of that General, displayed great ability in saving the army; in 1758 performed an ex- ! pedition to Fort dn Quesne, after which, with the ! rank of Colonel, he retired to the paternal estate of : Mount Vernon and devoted himself to agriculture, cultivating nine thousand acres of land; employed about a thousand persons, slaves and others, on his estate, whom he clothed with cloths made under his own superintendence; it is said that seven thousand bushels of wheat and ten thousand bushels of corn was not an unusual crop for him to raise on his plantation; frequently served in the Legislature of Virginia; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and the early part of 1775; on the breaking out of the War of the Revolution was called to the chief command of the Provincial troops, and the record of his services is a history of the war; joined the army at Cambridge in July, 1775 ; in 1776 fought the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton; in 1777 those of Brandy wine and 530 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Germantown; in 1778 that of Monmouth; in 1781 captured Cormvallis at Yorktown, and thereby vir tually closed the war; when the treaty of peace was signed, resigned his commission, and, universally be loved, retired to private life; was elected the first President of the United States, and, after having been re-elected and serving out his second term, again retired to private life; in 1793 was induced again to accept the command of the army, but it was merely to concentrate the efforts ohis fellow-citizens for the promotion of the general good, and was an other sacrifice to his high sense of duty. Died at Mount Vernon, after a short illness, of quinsy sore throat, December 14, 179!); was buried at that place with the honors due to the noble champion of the liberties of a happy and prosperous Republic. The character of Washington stands alone among the great men of the world, as a pure man, a patriot, a wise statesman, a citizen, a ruler, a husbandman, a General, and a Christian. His life has been written and commented upon by hundreds of writers, and perhaps the most popular biographies of him were published by John Marshall, Washington Irving, David Ramsay, and Aar^n Bancroft; a copious selec tion from his manuscripts was edited by Jared Sparks, and published in twelve volumes. His home at Mount Verno:i is, to lovers of liberty and true greatness, a kind of Mecca, and, as the "Father of his Country," his memory will be venerated as long as the Republic endures. "Washington, George C.; was born in West moreland County, Virginia, August 20, 1789; was educated at Cambridge; became a lawyer by profes sion, though partial to the pursuit of agriculture; represented Maryland in Congress from 1827 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1837; was also a President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and a Commissioner for the settlement of Indian Claims; when General Scott was nominated for the Presidency, Mr. Washington was spoken of as the candidate for Vice-President;at the time of his death, he was the oldest and nearest surviving male relative of his grand-uncle, General Washington. Washington, Peter GK; was a native of Vir ginia; early became a clerk in one of the Depart ments of the Government; in 1845 was appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in that po sition until 1849; in 1853 was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department, remaining in that capacity until 1857, after which he devoted himself to the prosecution of claims in Washington City until his death. "Washington, "William H.; was born in North Carolina; graduated at Yale College in 1834; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative in Con gress from 1841 to 1843; subsequently served five or six years in the State Legislature. Died August 12, 1860, aged forty-six years. "Watkins, Albert O-.; was born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 5, 1818; was educated at Holston College, Tennessee; adopted the profession of the law; was elected to the Legislature from his u.vtive county in 184."); was a Presidential Elector in 1648; was first elected a Representative in Congress in 181!), and served by successive re-elections until 185!), except during the Thirty-third Congress, when ho declined the nomination; was a member of the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia. "Watkins, Tobias; was born in Maryland; in 1825 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury which office he held until 1830. Watmough, John GK; was born on the banks of the Brandy wine, Delaware, December 6, 1793; was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, and at Princeton College; served in the War of 1812, as a Lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and, while doing service on the frontiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wound ed by receiving in his body three musket-balls, the last of which was extracted in 1835; was Aid-de-camp to General Gaines, at New Orleans, and in the Creek Nation in 1814 and 1815; resigned his commission in 1816; was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1831, where he remained four years, during the whole of which period his wounds were open and constantly giving him pain; was High Sheriff of Philadelphia City and County in 1835; was Surveyor of that port in 1841 ; during the latter part of his life he lived in retirement. Died in Philadel phia, November 29, 1861. Watrous, John O.; was born in Colchester, Connecticut, in 1803; graduated at Union College in 1823; studied law, and practiced, for a time, in Ten nessee and Alabama; removed to Texas in 1842; was Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas; when it became a State was made Judge of the United States Court for the Eastern District of the State, serving, as such, until 1869, when he resigned on account of his health; an effort was made by his enemies to have him impeached, but it was unsuccessful; subse quently settled in Baltimore, Maryland, where he died June 17, 1874. Watson, Cooper K.; was born in Ohio; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857. Watson, James ; was a member of the Assem bly of New York during the years 1791, 1794, 1795, and 1796; was a State Senator in 1797; was a Senator in Congress from New York from 1798 to 1800, when he resigned. Watson, Lewis F.; was born in Crawford Coun ty, Pennsylvania, April 14, 1819; received an aca demic education; engaged in mercantile pursuits and was very successful; was elected President of the Warren Savings Bank in 1870; was elected a Repre sentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fifth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Watson, P. H. ; was born in England ; was appoint ed, from the District of Columbia, Assistant-Secre tary of War in 1862, and served in that capacity for more than one year. Watterson, Harvey M.; was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, November 23, 1811; was educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Kentucky; was elected a Representative from his native county to the Tennessee Legislature in 1835; resided in the Con gressional District of James K. Polk, and, in 1839, when Mr. Polk became a candidate for Governor was elected as his successor in Congress; was re-elected in 1841, and served until the 4th of March, 1813; then declined to be a candidate for re-election, and was ap pointed, by President Tyler, United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, on the unsolicited recommendation of General Jackson; on his return from this mission, in March, 184", was elected to the State Senate of Tennessee, and when the Legislature met was chosen President of the Senate; was not again a candidate for any office for sixteen years; in 1849 bought the Nashville Union, the leading organ of the Democratic party of Tennessee, and edited it for two years; in 1853 and 1854 was associated with the Hon. A. O. P. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 531 Nicholson in the editorship of the Washington Union; in 1800 was a member of the Democratic National Convention, and voted for the nomination of Stephen A. Douglass; was a Presidential Elector for the State at Large, on the Douglass ticket; in 1861 was elected to the State Convention as a Union man ; later be came connected with his son, Hon. Henry Watterson. in the conduct of the Louisville (Kentucky) Courier- Journal, and continued an active member of the edi torial staff of that paper. Watterson, Henry; son of Harvey M. Wat terson; was born at Washington, District of Co lumbia, February 16, 1810; was chiefly educated by private tutors; adopted the profession of jour nalism; served in the Confederate Army; at the close of the Civil War settled in Nashville, Tennes see, and revived The Republican Banner newspaper, which he had edited prior to the war; in 1867 re moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and became part owner and the editor of the Louisville, fournal; consoli dated with other papers, in 1808, under the title of the Courier-Journal, of which he became the editor; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fourth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward Y. Parsons. Watterston, George ; was one of the earliest citizens of Washington City; was a man of culture and uncommon intelligence; was Librarian of Con gress from 1825 to 1829; between the years 1817 and 1848 published "Memoir on the Tobacco Plant." Letters from Washington," "Course of Study for liar aud Senate," "Wanderer in Washington," "Man as he Ought to be," "Views of Population," American Portraits," and "Guide to Washing ton." "Watts, Beaufort T.; was a citizen of South Carolina; in 1824 was appointed Secretary of Legation to Colombia; in 1827 became Charge d 1 Affaires at the same place; in 1818 went to Russia as Secretary of Legation. "Watts, Frederick; was born in Carlisle, Penn sylvania, May 9, 1801; graduated at Dickinson Col lege in 1819; passed a part of his boyhood on a farm; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824; in 1831 was appointed Reporter for the Supreme Court, hold ing the office fourteen years, and publishing twenty volumes; in 1845 was elected President of the Cum berland Valley Railroad, and held the position twenty -six years; in 1849 was appointed President Judge of the Ninth District; in 1854 was one of the projectors of the Agricultural College of Pennsyl vania, and chosen President of the Board of Trustees; took an interest in all the local enterprises of Car lisle; after retiring to private life he was, in 1871, appointed Commissioner of Agriculture in Washing ton. "Watts, Henry M.; was born in Carlisle, Penn sylvania, October 10, 1805; graduated at Dickinson College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827, locating in Pittsburgh; was appointed Deputy Attor ney-General; was a Representative in the State Legis- aature from 1835 to 1838; settled in Philadelphia, and was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Philadelphia; visited Europe a number of times for pleasure; in 1868 was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Aus tria. Watts, John; was born In New York in 1749; was a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. Died in New York City, September 3, 1836. Watts, John S.; was born in Boone County, Kentucky, January 19, 1816; graduated at the Uni versity of Indiana; studied law, and practiced the profession in Indiana; served in the Legislature of that State; was twice elected a Prosecuting Attorney; in 1851 he was appointed, by President Fillmore, an Associate Justice in New Mexico; subsequently prac ticed his profession in that Territory; was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; took an active part in raising troops for the Union Army during the Rebellion; in 1868 was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico. Watts, Thomas H.; was Governor of Alabama from 1863 to 1868. Wayne, Anthony ; was born in East Town, Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1746; in 1773 was elected a Representative in the General Assembly, where he took an active part against the claims of Great Britain; in 1775 entered the army as Colonel, and in the battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 1776, received a wound in the leg; at the close of the cam paign was made a Brigadier-General; in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmonth, and especially at Stony Point, greatly distinguished him self, in the latter assault receiving a severe wound in the head; in 1781 led the Pennsylvania line to form a junction with Lafayette in Virginia, and engaged in the capture of Cornwall!*, after which he conduct ed the war in Georgia with equal success, receiving from the Legislature of that State, as a reward for his services, a valuable farm, upon which he retired after the war; in 1787 was a member of the Conven tion for framing the Constitution; served as a Repre sentative in Congress from Georgia in 1791; his seat was successfully contested by James Jackson, and was vacated by a resolution of the House; in 1792 was again called into military service, and succeeded St. Glair in the command of the army against the In dians, gaining a complete victory over them in 1794, at the battle of the Miami; concluded a treaty, August 3, 1795, with the hostile tribes northwest of the Ohio ; while in the service of his country, having attained the rank of Major-General, died in a hut, at Presque Isle, and was buried on the shore of Lake Erie, in December, 1796; in 1809 his remains were removed to his native county. Wayne, Isaac; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825. Wayne, James M.; was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1790; having obtained an excellent pre liminary education under the instruction of a private tutor, entered Nassau Hall (now Princeton College) ; on his return home, at the close of his collegiate course, commenced the study of law in Savannah; his father dying a few months afterwards, left, by the advice of his friends, to prosecute his studies at the Xorth; on his second return home commenced the practice of his profession, and took much interest in politics; after three or four years was elected a mem ber of the General Assembly as an opponent of the "Relief Law," which had created much feeling throughout the State; was re-elected the following year; declined being a candidate the third time; was next Mayor of the city of Savannah; on his resigna tion of that office was chosen Judge of the Superior Court, and served five and a half years; was then elected a member of Congress in the session of 1829 and 1830, and served until 1835; took a prominent position in the House as a debater, and also proved himself a good business member on various Commit tees; was a supporter of President Jackson, by whom 532 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. he was appointed to a seat on the bench of the Unitec States Supreme Court in 1835; proved himself r sound and accomplished jurist; especially devotee his attention to the subject of Admiralty Jurispru dence, and his opinion on points connected with thai subject are everywhere cited as high authority; in 18^5 and 1866, by invitation of the faculty, he de livered an occasional lecture before the law student of Columbia College. Died in Washington, July 5, 1867. Weakley, Robert; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811; in 1819 was appointed United States Commissioner to treat with the Chickasaws. "Weaver, Archibald. J.; was born in Susque- hanna County, Pennsylvania, April 1.1, 1844; lived on a farm until seventeen years of age; then entered Wyoming Seminary, at Kingston, Pennsylvania, re maining three years as a student and lour years as a teacher of mathematics; in 18t i7 entered the Law Department of Harvard University, remaining until 186J; was admitted to the bar at Boston, Massachu setts, in February, 1869, and immediately removed to Nebraska, settling at Falls City in the practice of law ; was a member of the Nebraska Constitutional Conven tion of 1871 ; in 1872 was elected District Attorney of the First Judicial District; in 1875 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; was elected Judge of the First Judicial District in 1875, and was re- elected in 1879, holding the position until elected a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Weaver, James B.; was born at Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1833; received a common school education; studied law; graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in 1856, and engaged in practice; entered the Union Army in 1861 as a private, and rose to the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; was elected District Attorney of the Second Judicial Dis trict of Iowa in I860; was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue in 1867; was elected a Representa tive from Iowa to the Forty-sixth Congress. "Webb, James; was born in Virginia; studied law, and removed to Georgia to practice; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State; was United States District Judge in the Territory of Florida; resigned and removed to Texas in 1839; was Attorney-Gen eral of the State and Secretary of State; served one term in the Senate, and, after Texas became a State, was Reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the State, Secretary of State, and Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District, which position he held at the time of his death; was the author of "Re ports of the Supreme Court of Texas," from 1846 to 1848. Died at Goliad, Texas, November 2, 1856. "Webb, James "Watson ; was born at Claver- ack, New York, February 8, 1802; entered the army as Second Lieutenant in 1819; was made First Lieu tenant in 1823; resigned in 1827, and took charge of the New York Courier, which was united to the En quirer, under the name of Morning Courier and New York Enquirer; became sole editor, and, in 1830, sole proprietor; was appointed Charge d Affaires to Vi enna in 1850, but the Senate did not confirm the nomination; in 1861 was Minister to Brazil; while in this position secured the settlement of long-stand ing claims against Brazil, and was instrumental, through his intimacy with Napoleon III., in procur ing the withdrawal of the French from Mexico; was the editor of " Altowan, or Adventures in the Rocky Mountains," 2 vols. 8vo., 1846; "Slavery and its Tendencies," 8vo., 1856. "Webb, Nathan ; was born at Portland, Maine, May 7, 1825; graduated at Harvard University in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the 1 ar in 1849, and engaged in practice at Portland; was a Repre sentative in the State Legislature in 18 i4 and 1865; was elected County Attorney of Cumberland County in 1865, and re-elected in 1868; in 1870 resigned the County Attorneyship to accept the appointment of United States District Attorney for Maine; was re- appointed in 1874, and again in 1878; declined the third appointment, and resumed general practice; in 1882 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Maine. "Webb, "William B.; was born at Washington, District of Columbia, September 17, 1825; received his early education at the private schools of Wash ington and at a private boarding school near Bal- tir;:ore, Maryland; in 1840 entered the freshman class of Columbian College now Columbian Univers ity at Washington; graduated in 1844, and imme diately commenced the study of law; was admitted to the bar of the Circuit Court of the District of Co< lumbia in the same year, and engaged in the prac tice of law at Washington City; on the breaking out of the Civil War, in 1861, joined a company of vol unteers, and was elected Captain; tendered the ser vices of the company to the United States Govern ment, but they were declined; in the Fall of 1861, upon the formation of the metropolitan police force in Washington, was elected, by the Board of Police, Superintendent of the force; successfully organized the force, and continued to perform the arduous duties of his position until 1863, w T hen he resigned, and resumed the practice of his profession; was Coun sel for the Washington Gas Light Company, the Ad ams Express Company, and the Bank of Washington; was President of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia; was a Director in the Washington Gas Light Company, and in the Central National Bank of Washington; in July. 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, one of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia; in April, I88i>, was elected J rcsident of the Board of Commissioners. "Weber, John B.; was born at Buffalo, New York, September 21, 1842; received a good education n the public schools of Buffalo; engaged in clerical >ursuits; in 1861, when not quite nineteen years of ige, enlisted in the Union Army, in the Forty-fourth Vew York Volunteers the famous Ellsworth Regi- nent; displayed remarkablebravery, and was rapidly )romoted, reaching the grade of Colonel while yet in lis minority, in July, 1863; led his company hrough the memorable "seven days fight" before Richmond, coming out of that fiery ordeal with but five men in tlfc company; at the close of the war engaged in business at Buffalo, in which he continued until 1883, when he retired; in 1870 was candidate for Sheriff of Erie County, but was defeated by Grover Cleveland; was Deputy Postmaster at Buffalo for three years; in 1873 was elected Sheriff of Erie County by a majority of 2,200; in 1884 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-ninth Congress. "Webber, George "W.; was born at Newbury, Vermont. November 25, 1825; received a common school education; removed to Michigan; engaged in various pursuits; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-seventh Congress. "Webster, Daniel ; was born in the town of Sal isbury, New Hampshire, January 18. 1782; his op portunities for education were very limited, and he was indebted to his mother for his earliest instruction; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 533 for a few months only, in 1796, enjoyed the advan tages of Phillips Exeter Academj 7 ; here his prepara tion for college began, and it was completed at Bos- cawen; entered Dartmouth College in 1797, and grad uated in 1801 ; soon after graduating engaged in pro fessional studies, first in his native village, and after wards at Fryeburg in Maine, where, at the same time, he had the charge of an academy, and was also a copyist in the office of the Register of Deeds; having completed his legal studies, was admitted to the bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the year 1805; com menced the practice of law in his native state and county; in 1807 removed to Portsmouth, New Hamp shire, and soon became engaged in a respectable but not lucrative practice; in 1812 was chosen a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hampshire, and was re-elected; removed to Boston in 1816, and was at once placed beside the leaders of the Massachusetts bar, having already appeared before the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington; by his argument in the Dartmouth College case, carried by appeal to Washington, in 1817, took rank among the most distinguished jurists in the country; in 1820 was chosen a member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts; was offered, about this time, a nomination as a Senator of -the United States, but declined it; in 1822 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from the city of Boston; took his seat in December, 1823, and early in the sess on made his celebrated speech on the Greek Revolution, which at once established his reputation as one of the first statesmen of the age; was re-elected; in 1826 was again elected, and, under the Presidency of John Quincy Adams, was the leader of the friends of the administration, first in the House of Representatives, and afterwards in the Senate, to which he was elected in 1827; his speech on the Panama mission was made in the first session of the Nineteenth Congress; when the tariff law of 1824 was brought forward, he spoke against it on the ground of expediency; remained in the Senate for a period of twelve years; in 1830 made what is generally regarded the ablest of his parlia mentary efforts his second speech in reply to Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina; Mr. Webster, although opposed to the administration of General Jackson, gave it a cordial support in its measures for the de fense of the Union in 1832 and 1833, but opposed its financial system; in 1839 made a short visit to Eu rope; his fame had preceded him, and he was re ceived, in the Old World, with the attention due to his character and talents, at the French and English Courts; on the accession of President Harrison, was appointed Secretary of State, and was continued in this office by President Tyler; President Tyler s Cabi net was broken up in 1842, but Mr. Webster remained in office until the spring of 1843, being desirous of putting some other matters, connected with our for eign relations, in a prosperous train ; returned to the Senate of the United States in 1845, and remained in that body until 1850, when he was appointed, by President Fillmore, Secretary of State; in December, 1850, the famous Hulsemann letter was written; in 1851. by his judicious management of the Cuba ques tion, obtained from the Spanish government the par don of the followers of Lopez, who had been deported to Spain; about the same time received from the En glish government an apology for the interference of a British cruiser with an American steamer in the wa ters of Nicaragua; this was the second time that the British government had made a similar concession fttthe instance of Mr. Webster; the first was in ref erence to the destruction of the Caroline, at Schlosser, and it is understood that it was on the strength of a private letter that he addressed to Lord Palmerston that John F. Crampton was made Minister Plenipo tentiary to Washington; paid much attention to agri culture, and his residence, when not engaged in pub lic business at Washington, was either at Marshneld, in Massachusetts, or the place of his birth, in New Hampshire; the works of Mr. Webster were published in six volumes, with a biographical memoir by Ed ward Everett. Died October 23, 1852, at Marshfield. In that year, his Private Life, by the compiler of this volume, was published; in 1857 two volumes of his Private Correspondence were published by his son, Fletcher Webster, subsequently killed in battle dur ing the Rebellion; in 1869, a complete life of this statesmen, in two volumes, was published by George T. Curtis. "Webster, Edwin H.; was born in Harford County, Maryland, March 31, 1829; was educated at Dickinson College; was a member of the Maryland Senate from 1855 to 1859, serving two years as the President of that body; in 1856 was chosen a Presi dential Elector; was a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and on Public Expenditures; for a time rendered the State some service in a military capacity, and was Colonel of a Maryland Regiment; in 1863 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and on the Militia; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in July, 1865, was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore. "Webster, Taylor ; was born in Pennsylvania; settled in Ohio; was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 18:>3 to 1839. "Weeks, John "W; was a County Sheriff in New Hampshire from 1820 to 1825; was a State Senator in 1827 and 1828; was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833; was Judge of Probate, in Coos County, in 1854. Weeks, Joseph ; was born in Massachusetts; was a Representative in Congress from New Hamp shire from 1835 to 1839, having previously been, for two years, Judge of the County Court for Cheshire County. "Weems, John O.; was born in Calvert County, Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1826 to 1829. Weightman, Richard Hanson; was born in Maryland; was educated at tUp United States Mili tary Academy at West Point; was a Captain in the Missouri Battalion of Light Artillery Volunteers in the Mexican War and distinguished himself under Colonel Donophau in the battle of Sacramento; sub sequently held the position of additional Paymaster; was a Delegate to Congress, from New Mexico, from 1851 to 1853. "Welch, Adonija S.; was born in East Hamp ton, Connecticut, in 1821; removed to Michigan in 1839; graduated at the University of that State in 1846; studied law, but preferred teaching; had charge of a High School at Jonesville; visited California in 1849; on his return was Principal of the Normal School of Michigan for four years; in 1865 removed to Florida; in 1868 was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Post Offices and Post Roads. "Welch, Frank; was a Representative from Nebraska to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died before the expiration of his term. 534 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. "Welch, John ; was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, October 28, 1805; was educated at Franklin College, Ohio; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 18o3; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1846 and 1847; was a Representative in Con gress from 1851 to 1853; was subsequently one of the Trustees of the Ohio University. Welch, William H.; was a native of Connecti cut; removed to Minnesota; in 1853 was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Ter ritory of Minnesota. Welch, William W.; was born in Norfolk, Con necticut, December 10, 1818; received the rudiments of his education at the common schools and from private instructors; having turned his attention to the science of medicine, received the degree of M. D. from the Medical Institution of Yale College in 1838; excepting when interrupted by his public duties, was a practicing physician; was twice elected to the House of Representatives, and twice to the Senate of Connecticut; was a Representative from that State during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Weldon, Lawrence ; was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1829; removed, with his parents, to Madison County, Ohio, when a child; was educated at the common schools, at the local academy, and at Witternberg College, Springfield, Ohio; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853; was a clerk in the office of the Secretary of State of Ohio in 18515 and 1854; in that year removed to Clinton, DeWitt Coun ty, Illinois, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1860 was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature, and was also a Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket; in 1861 resigned his seat in the Legislature to accept the appointment of United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, tendered him by President Lincoln; resigned in 18.J6, and, in 1867, removed to Bloomington, Illinois, where he continued the practice of his profession; in November, 1883, was appointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the United States Court of Claims. Welker, Martin ; was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 25, 1819; received a good education by his own unaided efforts, while working on a farm or employed as a clerk in a store; studied law, and came to the bar in 1^40; from 1846 to 1851 was Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for Holmes County; in 1851 was elected a Judge of the Common Pleas for the Sixth District, serving five years; in 1857 re moved to Wooster, Wayne County, and was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, declining a re-nomina tion; in 1861 was appointed a Judge Advocate, with the rank of Major, serving three months as a Staff Officer; was soon afterwards appointed Aid-de-camp and Acting Judge Advocate-General, with the rank of Colonel, under the Governor of the State; in 1862 was an Assistant Adjutant-General, and superin tended the draft of the State; in 1864 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, Revolutionary Pensions, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866: was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-iirst Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Re trenchment; in 1873 was appointed United States Judge for the Northern District of Ohio; in 1874 re ceived the degree of LL. 1). from Wooster (Ohio) Uni versity; afterwards became Professor of Political Science, and of Constitutional and International Law in that institution. Wellborn, M. J.; was born in Georgia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851. Wellborn, Olin ; was born at Gumming, For- sythe County, Georgia, June 13, 1843; was well edu cated; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; after the close of the war studied law, and was admitted to the bar, at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1866; removed to Dallas, Texas; in 1871; was elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty-sixth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-seven th, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Weller, John B.; was born in Ohio; was a Rep resentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1845; was the first United States Commissioner to Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; having taken up his residence in California, was, in 1851, elected to the United States Senate for six years; was subsequently elected Governor of Califor nia; in December, I860, was appointed United States Minister to Mexico; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " in 1864. Died in New Orleans, August 17, 1875. Weller, Luman H. ; was born in Litchfield, County, Connecticut, August 24, 1833; received a common school education, supplemented by a course at the State Normal School and the Literary Insti tute, at Suffield, Connecticut; taught school; re moved to Iowa in 1859, and settled in Chickasaw County as a farmer; took an active part in politics; was successively elected Road Supervisor, Township Clerk, Justice of the Peace, County Coroner, and member of County Board of Supervisors; was ad mitted to the bar in 1867, and practiced law, in con nection with his farming interests, until 1876; in 1867 was an unsuccessful candidate for the State Legislature; in 1869 and 1877 was an unsuccessful candidate for State Senator; in 1878 was an unsuc cessful candidate for Congress; was elected a Repre sentative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Congress. Welles, Gideon ; was born at Glastenbury, Con necticut, July 1, 1802; was educated chieiiy at the Norwich University of Vermont; studied law; in 1826 became the editor of the Hartford Times; from 1827 to 1835 was a member of the Connecticut Legis lature; was subsequently appointed Comptroller of Public Accounts; from 1836 to 1841 was Postmaster of Hartford, having been appointed by President Jackson; in 1842 was made Comptroller of the State; in 1846 took charge of a bureau in the Navy Depart ment, where he remained until 1849; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1860; in 1861 went into President Lincoln s Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy. For thirty years before becoming Secretary he was an occasional contributor to the Hartiord Press, the New York Evening Post, and the Washing ton Globe and Union. Died February 11, 1878. Wells, Alfred ; was born at Dagsborough, Sus sex County, Delaware, May 27, 1814; adopted the profession of the law, and settled in Ithaca, New York; in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia; also held the positions of Deputy Clerk, District Attorney, and Judge of Tompkins County, New York. Died in the winter of 1857. Wells, Daniel, Jr.; was born in Maine; received a good English education; removed to Wisconsin in 18 !6; became extensively engaged in the business of banking and lumbering at Milwaukee; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Wisconsin from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 535 Wells, David A.; was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, in June, 1828; graduated at Williams College; became an associate editor of the Springfield Republican; while there invented a machine for fold ing books and newspapers; subsequently graduated at the Scientific School at Cambridge; established, and edited for several years, the Annual of Scientific Discovery; while residing in Troy, New York, in 1864, he came prominently before the public by means of a pamphlet on "Our Burden and Our Strength," which had an enormous circulation ; after the close of the Civil War was made Chairman of a Special Commission created by Congress to inquire into the resources of the country; was subsequently made a Special Commissioner of the Revenue, which office he held four years, and in which capacity he inaugurated many improvements in the Revenue Laws, and established the "Bureau of Statistics;" after leaving Washington was appointed, by the Governor of New York, to revise the Taxation Laws of that State, and made two important reports in 1872 and 1873; in the former year was made a lec turer at Yale College, and in the latter year visited England and there proclaimed his opinions; in 1875 took an interest in the politics of Connecticut, and was also made President of the American Association of Social Science; became a member of the French Academy; received from the University of Oxford, England, the degree of D.C.L., and from Williams College the degree of LL.D. "Wells, Ebenezer, T.; waa born in New York; emigrated to Colorado; in 1871 was appointed one of the Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court for the Territory of Colorado. Wells, Erastus; was born in Jefferson County, New York, December 2, 1823; received a good edu cation ; was compelled to rely on his own exertions, and went to St. Louis, Missouri ; established the first omnibus line in that city, and the first street railroad company; was, for fifteen years, a member of the City Council; was President of the Missouri Railroad Company, and a Director in several incorporated companies; was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty -fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on the Pacific Railroad. Navy Department, Rail roads and Canals. Centennial, and Public Buildings and Grounds; was also elected to the Forty-sixth Congress. Wells, G-uilford Wiley ; was born in Conesus, Livingston County, New York, February 14, 1840; received a liberal education at the Geuesee College; graduated at Columbian College, District of Colum bia; adopted the profession of the law; entered the war for the Union as a Lieutenant of Volunteers, rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and was twice wounded and brevetted for gallantry on the field; in 1870, was appointed United States District Attorney for the Northern District of Mississippi; was re-appointed in 1874, and before the close of the year was elected a Representative from that State to the Forty-fourth Congress. Wells, Hezekiah G.; was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1812; was educated at Kenyon College; after studying law, emigrated to Kalamazoo, Michi gan; in 1833 was elected to the first Constitutional Convention of that State; in 1845, and for five years, was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of the State; was elected a member of the Constitutional Conven tion of 1850: by his individual exertions raised a regiment of Volunteers during the Rebellion; from 1865 to 1875, was President of the State Board of Agriculture; in 1873, was appointed member of n, Constitutional Convention of eighteen persons; wns subsequently appointed Presiding Judge of the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. Wells, H. H.; was born in Rochester, New York, September 17, 1823; was educated at the Romeo Academy in Michigan; studied law, came to the bar in Detroit, and practiced the profession there from 1846 to 1861; was a member of the Michigan Legisla ture from 1854 to 1856; served in the war for the Union from that State and became a Brigadier-Gen eral by brevet; settled in Virginia; was military Governor of Virginia in 1868 and 1869 and resigned; was United States Attorney for the District of Vir ginia from 1869 to 1872, when he resigned; in Sep tember, 1875, entered upon the duties of United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, having been appointed to succeed George P. Fisher, removed. Wells, James M.; was Governor of Louisiana from 1864 to 1867. Wells, John; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Wells, John S. ; was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire from January to March, in 1855, by executive appointment; filled many local offices. Died in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1860, aged fifty- six years. Wells, Robert W.; was, for nearly thirty years before his death, on the United States Bench of Mis souri, seldom, if ever, missing a term of the Circuit or District Courts; acquired a high reputation for hia legal knowledge, and his decisions were always re spected by the Supreme Court of the United States. Died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, September 22. 1864. Wells, Samuel ; was born in New Hampshire, about 1805; was, for some years, Judge of the Super ior Court of Maine; was Governor of the State in 1856 and 1857. Died in Boston, Jnly 15, 1868. Wells, William H.; was a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1799 to 1804, when he resigned; was again a United States Senator from 1813 to 1817. Died .March 11, 1829. Welsh, John ; was born at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, in 1805; received a liberal education; re ceived a good business training in the office of his father, who was a prominent shipping merchant in Philadelphia; engaged in the shipping business on his own account, and was very successful; in 1864 was Chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Sanitary Fair, and contributed largely to the success of the undertaking; was Chairman of the Finance Committee of the National Centennial Ex hibition of 1876, and devoted three years of his time to insuring the success of that great project; a sub scription of $50,000 was tendered him in recognition of his services in this connection, and, upon his de clining to receive it, the money was used in the en dowment of the John Welsh Centennial Professor ship of History and English Literature, in the Uni versity of Pennsylvania; in October, 1877, was ap pointed, by President Hayes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Great Britain; resigned in 1879; was, for fifteen years, a Commissioner of Fairmount Park; waa President of the North Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany; served several terms as a member of the City Council of Philadelphia ; was, for many years, Presi- 536 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. dent of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners of his native city. Died at his home in Philadelphia, April 10, 1886. Wee iple, Edward; was born at Fnltonville, Montgomery County, New York, in 1844; received a classical education, graduating from Union College in 1866; studied law for a time, and then joined his father in the foundry business, in which he con tinued; was Chairman of the County Democratic General Committee in 1872, 1873, and 1874; was Town Supervisor in 1874, 1875, and 1876; was a Rep resentative in the State Legislature in 1877 and 1878; became President of the Fultonville and Fonda Street Railroad Company, and a Director in the Fultonville National Bank; was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Forty-eighth Con gress. Wendover, Peter H.; was born in New York City; was a member of the State Assembly from the city of New York in 1804; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1821. "Wentworth, John ; was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire, March 5, 1815, and was the grand son of John Wentworth, Jr., who was in the old Con gress, and who signed the original Articles of Con federation for New Hampshire; was educated at Dartmouth College; shortly after graduating, in 1836, emigrated to the west, and settled in Chicago, Illi nois; was among the first who took an interest in securing a city charter for the town; in a short time connected himself with the Chicago Democrat, which was long the official journal of the city, and which he conducted as proprietor and editor for twenty-five years; before becoming fully engaged in politics, studied law, and, having finished his course at Har vard, came to the bar in 1841; in 1837 became a member of the Board of Education, and continued in that position, when not in public life, for many years; was a Representative from Illinois to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses, serving on the Com mittees on Territories and Commerce; in 1857 and I860 was Mayor of Chicago; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention " of 1861; in 1864 was appointed one of the Police Commissioners of Chicago; was subsequently elected for the sixth term to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Ways and Means, and Roads and Canals; in 1867 received, from Dartmouth College, the degree of LL.D., and subsequently made a donation of ten thousand dollars to the college. "Wentworth, John, Jr.; was born in Sommers- worth, New Hampshire, July 17, 1745; graduated at Harvard University in 1768; studied law and adopted the profession; settled at Dover early in life, and was, for a while, the only lawyer in his county; upon the organization of Stratford County, received, from his relative, Governor John Wentworth, the appoint ment of Register of Probate, which office he held un til his death; was elected a Representative to the State Legislature from 1776 to 1780, when he took the place of his deceased father, also named John, in the Council, where he remained until 1784; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in the years 1778 and 1779, serving four ses sions, arid was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation; was a member of the State Senate from 1784 until his death; was an active member of the Committee of Safety during the Revolution. Died at Dover, New Hampshire, .January 10. 1787, from consumption, growing out of an attack of small pox. "Wentworth, Tappan ; was born in Dover, New Hampshire, February 24, 1802: followed the law as a profession; was President of the Common Council of Lowell in 1842; served four years in the State Sen ate, and eight years in the lower house of the Legis lature; was a Representative in Congress from Mas sachusetts from 1853 to 1855; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Convention" of 1866. Died in Lowell, June 12, 1875. "West, George ; was born in Devonshire County, England, February 17, 1823; received a common school education; came to the United States in Feb ruary, 1849; settled at Bullston Spa, New York, and became a paper manufacturer; was a Representative in the New York Legislature from 1872 to 1877; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1880 and 1884; became President of the First Na tional Bank, ac Ballston Spa. New York; in 1S80 was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-seventh Congress; in 1884 was elected a Rep resentative to the Forty-ninth Congress. "West, J. B.; was born in New Orleans, Septem ber 19, 1822; entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1836, but withdrew before graduating; served in the war against Mexico, as Captain; emigrated to California in 1849, and engaged in commercial pur suits; at the outbreak of the Rebellion was proprie tor of the San Francisco Prices Current; entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the First California Infantry, and attained the rank of brevet Major-(i en- eral; went to Texas, and then removed to New Or leans; was Chief Deputy United States Marshal and Auditor of Customs, and Administrator of Improve ments; was elected to the United States Senate, for the term commencing in 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Railroads; settled in Washington City; served for several years as one of the Commissioners of the Dis trict of Columbia. "Westbrook, John ; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. "Westbrook, Theodoric B.; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. "Westcott, James D.; was born in Alexandria, Virginia, in May, 1802; removed, Avith his father, to New Jersey; was, at an early age, admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of that State, where he practiced his profession until 1829; afterwards held, for a short time, a position in the Consular Bureau of the State Department at Washington; was appointed. by President Jackson, Secretary of the Territory of Florida, and held the offic* four years, performing the duties of the Governor during his temporary absence; was a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1832; was appointed United States District Attor ney for the middle district of the Territory, which office he held until 1836; was again a member of the Legislature, and a member of the Convention for framing a State Constitution in 1838 and 1839; on the admission of Florida into the Union as a S^ate, in 1845, was elected a Senator in Congress, and served until 1849. "Westerlo, Bensselaer ; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819. "Weston, James A.; was Governor of Nevada in the years 1871 and 1872. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 537 "Weston, James A. ; was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, August 27, 1827; received a good education in the public schools and academies of his native place ; adopted the profession of a Ci.vil Engi neer; was extensively engaged in building and op erating Railroads and Water Works in New Hamp shire; was elected Mayor of Manchester in 1868, 1870, 1871, and 1874; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1871 and 1874. "Wethered, John ; was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1845. Wetmore, George Peabody; was born, of American parents, in London, England, August 2, 1846; was educated at Yale College, and received the degree of A.M. from that institution in 1871; in 1866 became a Trustee of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, at Yale College, and continued in that po sition in succeeding years; in 18fi9 received the de gree of LL.B. from Columbia College; was First Presidential Elector for Rhode Island in 1880 and 1884; was a member of the State Committee to re ceive the French Representatives in 1881; in 1885 was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and was re-elected in 1886. Whaley, Kellian V.; was born in Onondaga County, New York, May 6, 1821; while yet a youth removed, with his father, to Ohio; received a limited education; when twenty-one years old settled in West ern Virginia, devoting himself to the lumber and mer cantile business; when the Rebellion broke out, took the Union side of the question, and was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Invalid Pensions; afterwards acted as an Aid to Governor Pierpoint in organizing and equipping regiments, and was in command at the battle of Guyandotte, when he was taken prisoner, in Novem ber, 18(51; after traveling with his captors sixty miles toward Richmond, made his escape, and arrived safely at Catlettsburg, Kentucky; was soon able to resume his seat in the House of Representatives; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and as a member of the Committee on Agriculture; was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention" of 1864: was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims, and as a member of that on the Death of President Lincoln; was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; in 18G8 was appointed Collector at Brazos de Santiago, Texas. "Whallon, Reuben ; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Died in Essex County, New York, April 15. 1843, aged sixty-six years. "Wharton, Jesse ; represented the State of Ten nessee in Congress from 1807 to 1809; was a United States Senator in 1814 and 1815, when he was super seded by J. Williams. Died at Nashville, July 22, 1833. "Wharton, Samuel ; was born in 1732; signed the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765; was a member of the City Councils of Philadelphia, of the Committee of Safety in the Revolution, of the Colonial and State Legislatures of Pennsylvania, and of the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783. Died about the year 1810. Wheatley, Samuel E.; was born at George town, District of Columbia, March 27, 1844; was educated at Hallowell s High School, at Alexandria, Virginia; at the age of sixteen entered the office of his father who was engaged in the lumber business as clerk; at the age of twenty, in connection with his brothers, succeeded to his father s business; never held public office until, in March, 1886, was appoint ed one of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. "Wheaton, Henry ; was born in Providence, Rhode Island, November 27, 1785; graduated at Brown University in 1802; studied law both in this country and Europe; settled in New York City, where he wrote for the press while practicing his pro fession; in 1815 began the publication of his works on International Law, which took a foremost posi tion among that class of writings; in 1816 became Reporter of the "Decisions of the Supreme Court," and issued twelve volumes; wrote also for the lead ing Reviews; in 1821 was a member of the Conven tion which framed the Constitution of New York; in 1825 assisted in revising the Laws of New York; in 1826 published the "Life of William Pinckney"; in 1827 was appointed Charge d 1 Affaire* to Denmark; in 1835 became Minister Resident to Prussia, and sub sequently Minister Plenipotentiary to the same coun try; one of his most popular books was the " History of the Northmen," and his legal writings were num erous and very highly appreciated; in 1819 received, from Brown University, the degree of LL.D. ; received the same compliment from Hamilton College in 1843, and from Harvard College in 1845; died at Dorches ter, Massachusetts, March 11, 1848. His "Elements of International Law" is a work of the highest standard in its department of learning. "Wheaton, Horace; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847. "Wheaton, Laban ; was born at Marshfield, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard University in 1774; studied both theology and law; was a County Judge; was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to Ibl7; died at Norton, Massachusetts, March 23, 18 i6, aged ninety -two years. "Wheeler, Ezra ; was born in Shenango County, New York, in 1820; emigrated to Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1849; adopted the profession of the law, in 1852 was elected to the Legislature of Wisconsin; in 1854 was elected to the" office of County Judge, holding the same for eight years; was elected a Representa tive from Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. "Wheeler, Grattan H.; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833; was a member of the State Assembly from Steuben County for four years, and was one year a member of the State Senate. "Wheeler, Hoyt H.; was born at Chesterfield, New Hampshire, August 30, 1833; received an aca demic education, studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and commenced practice at Jamaica, Vermont; was a Representative in the Vermont Leg islature in 1867; a State Senator in 1868 and 1869; was a Judge of the State Supreme Court from 1869 to 1877, when he was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Vermont. "Wheeler, John ; was born at Darby, Connecti cut, in 1823; received a good commercial education, and at the age of twenty entered the mercantile busi ness in New York City; subsequently engaged in 538 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. hotel-keeping, which he followed at the time of his election and during his service as a member of Lor gress; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1857. Wheeler, John H.; was born at Murfresborough, North Carolina, in 1806; received a classical educa tion at Columbian College, near Washington City, at which he graduated in 1820; studied law, and was licensed by the Supreme Court of North Carolina in 18-27 entered the House of Commons as a member from his native county, and served four years suc cessively; was appointed, by President Jackson, Superintendent of the United States Branch Mint in 1836, at Charlotte, North Carolina; in 1842 was elected Treasurer of the State of North Carolina; in 1852 was appointed Minister Resident to the Repub lic of Nicaragua, in Central America, during the in vasion of Walker, and his position was one ot much peril and responsibility; was the author of the "History of North Carolina," published in 18o2; also compiled a " Legislative Manual " for the State of North Carolina in 1874; resided m Washington City, and engaged in. condensing and collating the Debates of Congress. Wheeler, Joseph ; was born at Augusta, Geor gia, September 10, 1836; graduated in the five-year course at the United States Military Academy at West Point, in 1859; was commissioned a Lieutenant of Dragoons in the United States Army; resigned in 1861, and was appointed a Lieutenant of Artillery in the Confederate Army; was promoted, and com manded an Infantry brigade at the battle of Shiloh; was, soon afterwards, again promoted, and was ap pointed to the command of the Cavalry Corps of the Western Army, continuing in that position until the close of the war; by joint resolution of the Confed erate Congress received the thanks of that body for skill and gallantry in many engagements; for the successful defense of the city of Aiken, South Caro lina, received the thanks of the Legislature of the State of South Carolina; upon the death of General Stuart, became the senior Cavalry General of the Con federate Armies, and commanded all the forces in fantry, cavalry, and artillery in many important engagements; in 1866 was appointed Professor of Philosophy in the Louisiana State Seminary, which position he declined; was a counselor-at-law and cot ton planter; in 1880 received a-certiricate as a Repre sentative from Alabama to the Forty-seventh Con gress, but his seat was successfully contested by W. M. Lowe; upon the decease of Mr. Lowe, a few months later, was elected to fill the vacancy caused by his death; in 1884 was elected a Representative to the Forty-ninth Congress. Wheeler, William A.; was born in Malone, Franklin County, New York, June 30, 1819; was a member of the class of 1842 of the University of Ver mont, but did not graduate; adopted the profession of the law; in 1850 and 1851 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1857 and 1858 to the State Senate; in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty -seventh Congress; was, for many years, engaged in the banking business; was President ol the Ogdensburg and Rouses Railroad Company; wa a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867, and was elected its President; was elected to the Forty-first and three succeeding Congresses, serv ing as Chairman of the Committees on Commerce and the Pacific Railroad; in 1876 was elected Vice-Presi dent of the United States, and served the full term of four years. WTiidden, Benjamin F.; was a citizen of New Hampshire; in 1862 was appointed a Special Com missioner and Consul-General to Hayti. Whipple, Thomas; was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; was bred a physician; served ;he State of New Hampshire as a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1829. Died at Wentworth, New Hampshire, January 23, 1835, aged fifty years. Whipple, William; wasbornatKittery, Maine, in 1730; was educated at a common English school; commenced active life as a sea captain; in 1759 set tled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the mercan tile business; in 1775 was a member of the Provincial Congress; in 1776 was a member of the Provincial Council ; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; in 1777 entered the army; served with distinction in several campaigns, and rose to the rank of Brigadier- General; in 1782 was appointed Financial Receiver for New Hampshire, serving two years, when he re signed; also held the offices of Judge of the Superior Court, and Justice of the Peace and Quorum ; was a Commissioner on behalf of Connecticut to settle the land difficulties in Wyoming Valley. Died Novem ber 28, 1785. Whitcomb, James ; was born in 1795; removed, with his father, to Ohio in 1806; received a country school education, and prepared himself for college by teaching school; graduated at Transylvania Univers ity with the highest honors; studied law, and settled in practice in Bloomington, Indiana, in 1824; in 18:26 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney; in 1830 was chosen a member of the State Senate, and served five years; was appointed Commissioner of the Gen eral Land Office in 1836; in 1841 returned to the practice of his profession at Terre Haute, Indiana; in 1843 was chosen Governor of the State; was re-elected in 1846; in 1849 was elected a Senator of the United States for the term ending in 1855, which position he held until his death, which occurred in New York, October 4, 1852; was much interested in the Ameri can Bible Society, of which association he was Vice- President. White, Addison; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. White, Albert S. ; was born at Blooming Grove, Orange County, New York, October 24, 1803; gradu ated at Union College in 1822; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Newburg, in 1825; removed to Indiana in 1829; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839; was a Senator in Congress from 1839 to 1845; during his service in Congress was instrumental in securing grants of land for the Wabash and Erie Canal; was President of the Wabash and Indianapolis, and of the Lake Erie, Wabash and St. Louis Railroad Companies; earlier in life was, for five years, Clerk of Jhe Indiana House of Representatives; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of the Select Committee on Emancipation j after leaving Congress, he was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, a Commissioner to settle certain claims against the Sioux Indians; in January, 1864, was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of Indiana. Died in Stockwell, Indiana. Sep teinber 4, 1864. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. White, Alexander ; was a Delegate from Vir ginia to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788; was a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1793, and was distinguished for his eloquence and patriot ism; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; was a Commissioner to arrange for erecting the public buildings in Wash ington. Died at Woodville, Berkeley County, Vir ginia, in 1804, aged sixty -six years. White, Alexander ; was born at Franklin, Ten nessee, October 16, 1816; removed to Alabama when five years of age; was educated at the University of- Tennessee; volunteered for the Creek and Seminole War in 1836; studied law with h .s father, John White, late Circuit and Supreme Court Judge of Ala bama; practiced the profession twenty-five years; was a member of the Thirty-second Congress; was a member of the Alabama State Convention of 1865; was a member of the General Assembly in 1872; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; in 1875 was appointed an Associate Jus tice of the United States Court for the Territory of Utah. White, Alexander Caldwell ; was born near Kittanning, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, De cember 12, 1833; his youth was passed on a farm, in a hard struggle for a livlihood, his only school ad vantages being those of the public schools in his vi cinity; he was more than ordinarily studious, and, at the age of twenty, became a teacher in the public schools; he continued to teach school in winter, and attend some academy in the summer, until he had acquired a good education, his time during the spring and autumn vacations being occupied with farm labor and rafting timber; always took an active part in politics, and frequently represented his party in County and State Conventions; in 1860 removed to Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, and settled at Punxsutawney, where he taught school and studied law; in 1862 was admitted to the bar, and engaged in practice; in 1867 was elected District Attorney of Jefferson County; in 1868 removed to Brookville, the County Seat; in 1870 was re-elected; he continued the practice of his profession, in which he attained eminence; in 1884 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-ninth Congress. WTiite, Allison ; was born in Pennsylvania, December 21, 1816; received a common school educa tion; studied law, and practiced that profession for twelve years; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress from the Fifteenth Congressional District of that State, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. White, Andrew D.; was born at Homer, New York, November 7, 1832; graduated from Yale Col lege in 1853; prosecuted his studies in Europe for two years; in 1857 was elected Professor of History in the University of Michigan; in 1862 resigned be cause of ill-health, and in the same year was elected a member of the New York State Senate; was re- elected in 1864; in 1866 became President of the Cor nell University ; in 1868 visited Europe in connection with his official duties ; in 1871 was one of the Gov ernment Commissioners to St. Domingo; in 1879 was appointed United States Minister to Germany; re signed in 1882. White, Bartow W.; was born in Westchester County, New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827. White, Benjamin ; was born in Maine; was a farmer by occupation; during the years 1841 and 1842 was a member of the Maine Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1844 to 1845. White, Campbell P.; was born in New York; was, for many years, a prominent merchant in that city; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1835; also took a leading part in the "New York Convention" of 1846. Died February 12, 1859, leaving an exalted reputation for ability and sterling qualities of heart and manners. White, Chilton A.; was born at Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, in February, 1826; studied law with General Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he served one year as a private soldier in Mexico; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and settled in his native town in the practice of law; in 1852 and 1853 was Prosecuting Attorney for Brown County; in 1859 and 1860 was chosen a Senator in the State Legislature;, before the expiration of his second term, was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Ex penditures; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Manufacturers, and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. White, David ; was one of the Judges of the Circuit Court of Kentucky; represented that State in Congress from 1823 to 1825. Died in Frank lin County, Kentucky, February 17, 1835, aged fifty years. White, Edward D.; was Governor of Louisiana from 1824 to 1830; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1834, and from 1839 to 1843. Died in New Orleans, Louisiana, April 18, 1847. White, Francis ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, his native State, from 1813 to 1815. White, Harry; was born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, January 12, 1834; received a col legiate education, graduating in 1854; studied law;, was admitted to practice in 1855, at Indiana, Penn sylvania; in 1861 entered the Union Army as a Major, and served throughout the war, attaining the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General; while in service was elected a State Senator, and served during the session of 1862-63, returning to his com mand at the close of the session; soon after his re turn was captured by the enemy and imprisoned in Libby Prison, at Richmond, Virginia; his absence from his seat in the Senate made the vote in that body, upon political questions, a tie, and unavailing efforts were made to secure his release; he succeeded, however, in passing his resignation as State Senator through the lines concealed in a Testament, thus re lieving the complication; escaped from prison in 1864, and rejoined his command; was re-elected to the State Senate, for three years, in 1865, again in 1868, and again in 1871, serving as Speaker during the close of the latter term; was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1872; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty- fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. White, Hugh; was born in New York in 1799; followed the plow and the other occupations of a farm until nineteen years of age; was a Representa tive in Congress from his native State from 1845 to> 1851. Died near Troy, New York, October 6, 1870. 540 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. "White, Hugh Lawson ; was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, October 30, 1773; removed, with his lather, to Kuox County, Tennessee, in 1786; volunteered as a private soldier during the Indian hostilities in 1792; in 1794 went to Philadelphia, and pursued a course of mathematical studies; then went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and studied law; Commenced the practice of his profession at Knox- ville, in 1796; in 1801 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Tennessee, and served until 1807; in 1808 was appointed District Attorney: in 1809 was elected to the State Senate; again served six years in the Supreme Court as Judge; in 1815 was chosen President of the State Bank of Tennes see; in 1820 was again a member of the State Senate, and about that time was appointed, by President Monroe, a Commissioner to adjust the claims of our citizens against Spain; was elected a Senator in Con gress from 1825 to 1835, and from 1836 to 1840, serving on one occasion as President pro ton. of the Senate; at the election for President of the United States, in 1836, received all the votes (twenty-six) of Georgia and Tennessee for that office; resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having received instruc tions to vote against his own judgment. Died April 10, 1840, soon after reaching his home, in Knoxville. "White, James ; was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee from 1792 to 1794. "White, John; was born in 1805; served as a Eepresentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1835 to 1845; was Speaker of the House during the Twenty-seventh Congress; was Judge of the Nine teenth Judicial District of Kentucky at the time of his death, which occurred at Richmond, Kentucky, by suicide, September 22, 1815. His talents and at tainments were of a high order. "White, John D.; was born in Clay County, Ken" tucky, January 16, 1849; was educated at a private school, at Eminence College. Kentucky, and at the Kentucky University; graduated in law at the Michigan University in 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty -fourth Congress; declined a re-nomination; was Chairman of the Republican State Convention of 1879; the same jear was elected a Representative in the State Legis lature; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880; inthe sameyearwasan unsuccess ful candidate for Congress; in 1881 received the votes of his party in the Legislature for United States Sen ator, but was not elected; was again elected a Repre sentative to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses. "White, Joseph L.; was born at Cherry Valley New York; studied law in Utica, and settled in In- diana; was a Representative in Congress from Indi ana from 1841 to 1843; after leaving Congress settled in New York City, and practiced his profession with success; subsequently entered into an India-rubber speculation, and while on a business visit to Nicar agua, was shot by a drunken man, from the effects of which he died in January, 1861. White, Joseph M.; was born in Franklin Coun ty, Kentucky; was a Delegate to Congress, from the lemtory of Florida, from 1823 to 1837. Died at St Louis, Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, and noted for his eloquence and acquirements. White Joseph W.; was born in Cambridge Guernsey County,, Ohio, October 2, 1822- studied law, and came to the bar in 1844; in 1845 and 1847 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for his native County; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Mileage, and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. White, Julius ; was a citizen of Illinois: served as a General in the Volunteer Army during the Re bellion; in 1872 was appointed Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation, but declined the posi tion; in about six months thereafter, was again com missioned to the same office, and went to South America; resigned in 1874, after which he settled in Chicago, Illinois. White, Leonard; was born at Haverhill, Mas sachusetts, in 1767; wns a fellow-student of John Quincy Adams, and at Harvard they were of the class of 1787; was, for many years, Town Clerk and Treas urer; represented his town in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1813; was then appointed Cashier of the Mer- rimack Bank, which office he held until the infirmi ties of age compelled him to retire. Died at Haver- hill, October 10, 1849. White, Michael D.; was born in Clark County, Ohio, September 8, 1827; removed, with bis parents, to Indiana in 1829; passed his youth upon a farm; was educated at the common schools and at Wabash College; studied and practiced law; was elected Pros ecuting Attorney in 1854, serving two years; was State Senator for four years from 1860; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fifth Con gress. White, Milo ; was born at Fletcher, Vermont, August 17, 1830; received a cominon school educa tion; was reared on a farm; in 1845 became a mer chant s clerk, in which employment he remained un til 18r>5, when he removed to Chatfield, Minnesota, and engaged in merchandizing; was elected a State Senator in 1871, 1872, 1874, and 1880; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty -ninth Congress. White, Phillips; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783. White, Philo ; was a citizen of Wisconsin; in 1853 was appointed Charge. <V Affaires to Ecuador and from 1854 to 1858 held the position of Minister Resident. White, Phineas ; was born in Hampshire Coun ty, Massachusetts, in 1770; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1797; was Register of Probate in the town of Pomfret, Vermont, from 1800 to 1809; was County Attorney in 1813; served eight years in the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1821 to 1823. Died in 1847. White, Samuel ; was a United States Senator from Delaware from 1801 until his death, which oc curred at Wilmington, Delaware, November 4 1809 aged thirty-nine years. Whiteaker, John; was born in Dearborn Coun ty, Indiana, May 4, 1820; passed his youth upon a farm, and acquired an education by his own exer tions; removed to the Pacific coast in 1849, settling in Oregon Territory in 1852; engaged in farming and stock raising; was elected a Judge of Probate in 1855; ? Q f epresentative in the Tutorial Legislature in 1857; Governor of the new State of Oregon in 1858 holding that office until 1862; was elected a Repre BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. gentative in the State Legislature in 1866; re-elected in 1868, and was made Speaker; again re-elected in 1870; in 1872 was appointed a member of the State Board of Equalization, and was its Chairman; in 1876 was elected Slate Senator for four years; was President of the Senate in 1876 and 1878; was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Forty -sixth Con gress. "Whitefield, James ; was a native of Georgia; removed to Mississippi at an early day; served as a soldier in the war of 1812; also in the Creek War; was Governor of Mississippi from 1851 to 1852; dur ing the late Rebellion acted as Funding Agent for the Confederate Government. Died at Columbus, Geor gia, June 30, 1875, at an advanced age. Whitehead, Thomas ; was born at Clifton, Nelson County, Virginia, December 27, 1825; at tended a grammar-school; studied law; was admitted to the bar. in 1849; was editor of an agricultural newspaper; was appointed Commissioner in Chan cery; was commissioned Lieutenant of Cavalry in 1861; was elected Captain in 1862; was promoted to be Major of the Second Virginia Cavalry in 1865; was elected to the State Senate in 1865, but did not qualify; was elected a Representative in the Virginia Legislature for Amherst County in 1866; was removed by order of the Military Governor in 1868; was re- elected in 1869; resigned in 1873; in 1872 was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor. "Whitehill, James ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1813 and 1814; re signed in 1814; was Judge of a County Court and a General of Militia. Died in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1822, at a very advanced age. "Whitehill, John; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Died in 1815, aged ninety-four years. "Whitehill, Robert ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1813, the year in which he died. "Whitehouse, John O.; was born at Rochester, New Hampshire, July 19, 1S17; received a common school education; worked on a farm; in 1835 went to the State of New York, and resided at Brooklyn and Poughkeepsie; was a merchant and manufacturer; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service; was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con gress; in December, 18<5, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on the Civil Service. Whiteley , Richard Henry ; was born in Ire land, December 22, 1830; emigrated to Georgia in 18,!6; engaged in the manufacturing business; studied law, and came to the bar in 1860; was opposed to secession; entered the Confederate Army in 1861, and surrendered in 1865; was elected to the State Constitutional Convention in 1867; was appointed Solicitor-General of the Southwestern Circuit in 1868; in 1870 was elected United States Senator for the term ending in 1871 ; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Public Ex penditures. Whiteley, "William G-.; was born at Newark, New Castle County, Delaware in 1819; graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841, and entered upon the practice of law at Wilmington, Delaware: was elected from Delaware a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; in 1872 was appointed Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of New Castle County ; was a Dele gate to the Democratic National Conventions of I860 and 1876; in 1875 was elected Mayor of Wilmington: in 1884 was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court. Died April 23, 1886. "Whiteside, Jenkins; was a Senator in Con gress from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811. Died Sep tember 24, 1822. "Whiteside, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1819. Whitefleld, J. "W.; was born in Tennessee; was a Delegate from the Territory of Kansas to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Whitfleld, James ; was Governor of Missis sippi in 1851 and 1852. "Whiting-, George O.; was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, December 29, 1816; soon after re ceiving a good education, went, with his father, to Washington; in 1838 was appointed a clerk in the General Land Office; was made Chief Clerk of that office, and held the office several years; in 1857 was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, and continued in the position until 1861; was subsequently a Gen eral Adviser and Assistant of the Secretary of the Interior Department, where his long experience in, public affairs made him eminently useful to the Gov ernment; was a popular and highly capable officer, and a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, having been, for eight years, Grand Master of the District of Columbia. Died in Washington, Septem ber 4, 1867. "Whiting, Richard H.; was born at Hartford, Connecticut, January 7, 1826; received a common school education; removed to Illinois in 1848; en gaged in business as a merchant; served as Paymas ter in the Federal Army during the Civil War; in 1870 was appointed, by President Grant, Assessor, and upon the consolidation of the offices, Collector of the Fifth Collection District of Illinois, which posi tion he held until elected a Representative from Illi nois to the Forty-fourth Congress. Whiting-, "William ; was born at Dudley, Mas sachusetts, May 24, 1841; graduated from the Holy- oke (Mass.) High School at the age of seventeen, and began, at once, his business career as book-keeper for the Holyoke Paper Company; in 1865 organized the Whiting Pa -vi ;- Company, and took charge of its business; became President of the Holyoke National Bank in 1872; was a State Senator in 1873, and de clined a re-nomination; was City Treasurer of Holy oke in 1876 and 1877, and Mayor in 1877 and 1878; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of 1876; was elected a Representative from Mas sachusetts to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. "Whitman, Ezekiel ; was born at East Bridge- water, Massachusetts, March 11, 1776; graduated at Brown University in 1795; settled as a lawyer in the District of Maine in 1798; was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and also of the Superior Court of Maine, presiding as such for twenty-five years; waa a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts 542 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. from 1809 to 1811, and from 1817 to 1821; was a Rep resentative in Congress from Maine from 1&2L to 1823 was a member of the Executive Council of Maine in 1815 and 18lt>; in 1819 was a member of the Conyen tion to frame a Constitution for the State of Maine Died at East Bridge water, Massachusetts, August 1 1866. Whitman, Lemuel; was a graduate of Yale College in 1800; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1823 to 1824. Died at Farm- ington, November 18, 1841. WTiitmore, George W.; was born in McMinn County, Tennessee, August 26, 1824: received a good education; removed to Texas in 1848; studied and practiced law; was a member of the State House ot Representatives in 1852, 1853, and 1858; Avas impris oned by the Confederate authorities on account of his political sentiments, arid kept in prison until a board of surgeons pronounced his release necessary; in 18(J6 was appointed Attorney of the Ninth District; was appointed Register in Bankruptcy in 1867 ; wa elected a Representative from Texas to the Forty- first Congress. "Whitney, Thomas R.; was born in New York City in 18U4; served two years in the Assembly ol that State; devoted much of his life to literary pur suits, having been at one time editor of the New York Sunday News; was the author of a poem called the "Ambuscade," and a political work entitled "The American Policy Vindicated "; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1855 to 1857. Died April 12, 1858. "Whitney, William O.; was born at Conway, Massachusetts, July 15, 1841 ; after graduating from Williston Seminary, at Easthampton, Massachusetts, entered Yale College in 1859; entered the Law School of Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 18G5; continued the study of law in the ofBce of Hon. Abraham R. Lawrence, in New York City; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law in New York; in 1872 was appointed Inspector of Schools in the City of New York; the same year was defeated, as the candidate of the Reform Democ racy, for District Attorney of New York; in August, 1875, was appointed Corporation Counsel of the City of New York; was re-appointed in 1876 and 1880; re signed in 1882, after seven years service; in March, 1885, became Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Cleveland. Whitson, W. O.; was born in Indiana; emi grated to Lewiston, Idaho; in 1874 was appointed an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court for the Territory of Idaho. Died at Omaha, Nebraska December 25, 1875. Whittaker, John; was the first Governor of Oregon after it became a State, serving as such from 1859 to 1862. Whittemore, Benjamin P.; waa born at Maiden, Massachusetts, in 1824; received an academic education; during his youth was employed in a manufacturing establishment belonging to his father- on becoming of age traveled extensively in Europe and South America, as well as California; subse quently became a minister in the Methodist Church- served as a Chaplain in the army during the Rebel lion; after the war settled himself in South Carolina, and identified himself with the educational interests of the State; was Chairman of the Republican State Committee; wus a Delegate to the new State " Con stitutional Convention" of 1867; was the founder and editor, of the New Era, published at Darlington, South Carolina; was also a member of the State Sen ate; was elected a Representative from South Caro lina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Education and Labor; was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction. Whittemore, Elias ; was born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 18:25 to 1827. Whitthorne, Washington O.; was born in Marshall County, Tennessee, April 19, 1825; gradu ated at the East Tennessee University in 18415; studied law; was a member of the State Senate for four years; in 1859 was elected to the Lower House of the Legislature of Tennessee, and made presiding officer; was Assistant Adjutant-General in the Pn> visional Army of Tennessee in 1861 ; was afterwards Adjutant-General of the State, which position he held until the close of the war; his disabilities were re moved by Act of Congress, approved in 1870; was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty- second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Con gresses; in April, 1886, was appointed a United States Senator, for the unexpired term of Howell E. Jack son, resigned, serving until March 3, 1887. Whittlesey, Elisha ; was born in Washington, Connecticut, October 19, 1783; passed a part of his boyhood on a farm; received an academic education; studied law; in 1806 removed to the Western Reserve of Ohio; served in the War of 1812 as Aid-de-camp to General E. Wadsworth; was, for sixteen years, a Prosecuting Attorney; was elected to the Legislature in 1820 and 1821; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1839; was appointed, by President Har rison, Auditor for the Post Office Department; was appointed, by President Taylor, First Comptroller of the Treasury, which office he continued to hold until the accession of President Buchanan; was again ap pointed to the same position, by President Lincoln, in 1861. Died in Washington, January 7, 1863. Whittlesey, Frederick ; was born at Washing ton, Connecticut, in June, 1799; graduated at Yale College in 1818; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Utica, New York, in 1821; settled in Rochester, New York, in 1822; was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835; in 1839 was chosen Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Judicial District of New York, and retained the office eight years; was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1850 was elected Professor of Law in Genesee College. Died at Rochester, New York, September 19, 1851. Whittlesey, Thomas T.; was born in Connec ticut; graduated at Yale College in 1817; was a Rep resentative in Congress from his native State from 1836 to 1839. _ Whittlesey, William A.; was born in Connec- :icut; graduated at Yale College; studied law, and =ettled in practice in Ohio; was a representative in Congress irom that State from 1849 to 1851. Whyte, William Pinkney; was born at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1824; received a classical education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; gradu ated at the Law Department of Harvard University and came to the bar in 1846; in 1847 was elected to he Maryland House of Delegates; in 1853 was elected state Comptroller; was a Delegate to the "New York BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 543 National Convention " of 1868, and soon afterwards was appointed a Senator in Congress for the unex- pired term of Keverdy Johnson, resigned; served or the Committees on Public Buildings and Ground^ and Mines and Mining; was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881 in the latter year was elected Mayor of Baltimore. "Wick, "William W.; was born at Canonsburg, Washington County, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1796; received a classical education, and was pursu ing a collegiate course when the death of his father threw him upon his own resources; then followed tlie occupation of a teacher, and devoted his leisure hours to the study of medicine until 1818, when he was induced to adopt the law as his profession; pros ecuted his studies with the Hon. Thomas Corwin; located for practice in Fayette County, Indiana, in 1820; was, in that year, Assistant Clerk of the Indi ana House of Representatives, and in 1821 Assistant Secretary of the State Senate; in 1822 was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of In diana; in 1825 became Secretary of State; in 1829 was Attorney for the State in the Fifth Judicial Cir cuit, from which office he retired in 1831; was Presi dent Judge for three years; in 1839 was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana; was again in Congress in 1845 and 1847; in 1850 was again cho sen President Judge; from 1853 to 1857 was Postmas ter at Indianapolis; served in the Militia of the State as Brigadier-General, Quartermaster, and Adjutant- General; in 1857 resumed the practice of his profes sion. Died in Franklin County, May 19, 18G8. Wickersham, James P.; was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1825; removed to Lancaster County in 1815; received the degree of A. M. from Washington College and that of LL. D. from Lafayette College; was, successively, Principal of Marietta Academy, Pennsylvania; County Superin tendent of Schools in Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania; Principal of the State Normal School, at Mil- lersville, and from 186(5 to 1831, State Superintend ent of Public Instruction; in 1853 was President of the Lancaster County Educational Association; in 1855 became President of the Pennsylvania State Teachers Association; in 1865 was made President of the National Educational Association, and subse quently of the National Superintendents Associa tion; was the author of several books on education, .-ome of which have been translated into a number of foreign languages; in 1882 was appointed, by Pres ident Arthur, United States Minister to Denmark; after spending the summer at Copenhagen, resigned the position on account of ill-health; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1884. Wickes, Eliphalet ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807. Wickliffe, Charles A.; was born in Bardstown, Kentucky, June 8, 1788; was educated at the Bards- town grammar school; studied law, and attained a high position at the bar; in 1812 was appointed Aid- de-camp to General Winlock; during the same year, was elected to the State Legislature; was re-elected in 1813; was at the battle of the Thames as Aid to General Caldwell, after which he was again elected to the Legislature, where he continued until elected a Representative from Kentucky to Congress in 1823; was four times re-elected; was, for several sessions, Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; on his retirement from Congress, in 1833, was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker in 1834; in 1836 was elected Lieuteuant-Governor of Kentucky; on he death of Governor Clark, in 1839, became Acting Governor; in 1841 was appointed, by President Ty ler, Postmaster-General; in 1845 was sent, by Presi dent Polk, on a secret mission to Texas, in connec tion with its annexation to the United States; in 1849 was a member of the Convention called to Revise the State Constitution; in 1861 again became a Repre sentative in Congress from Kentucky, having pre viously occupied a seat in the "Peace Convention" of February in that year, and served to the close of the Thirty-seventh Congress ; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1866; in 1869, after prac ticing law for fifty-eight years, and when blind, he delivered his last legal argument. Died in Mary land, October 31, 1869. "Wickliffe, Robert, Jr.; was a citizen of Ken tucky; in 1843 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Sardinia, where he remained until 1848. Died in Kentucky, August 29, 1850. "Wickliffe, Robert C.; was born in Kentucky; removed to Louisiana; was Governor of that State from 1858 to 1860. "Widg-ery, William ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1753; was Lieutenant of a Priva teer in the Revolutionary War; served in the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1789, 171)1, 1793, 1794, and 1797; was a State Councilor in 1806 and 1807; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813; was Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas from 1813 to 1822. Died in Boston, August 7, 1822. "Wigt all, Lewis T. ; was a Senator in Congress from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became identified with the great Rebellion as a Brigadier-General; was expelled from the Senate in July, 18ol; after the war settled in London, En- land. Declined, by letter, to give the author any information. "Wigginton, Peter D.; was born in Springfield, [llinois, September 6, 1839; received a common school education; graduated at the University of Wisconsin; studied law, and came to the bar in 1860; removed to California; in 1864 was elected District Attorney for Merced Cdnnty, in that State; .n 1875 was elected a Representative from California x> the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Wike, Scott; was born at Meachille, Crawford bounty, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1824; removed, with lia parents, to Quincy, Illinois, in 1833, and to Pike bounty, in that State, in 1844; entered Lombard University in 1854, and graduated in the Scientific Department in 1857; studied law at Harvard Uni versity; graduated, and was admitted to the bar in L859; commenced the practice of law at Pittsfield, [llinois; in 1862 was elected to the Legislature; was re-elected in 1864, serving until 1867; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty - burth Congress. Wilber, David ; was born in Schenectady County, tfew York, October 5, 1820; received a common school education; worked as a farm laborer; culti vated land on shares; became the owner of real jstate, and was interested in the lumber trade and in arming; was, for [several years, interested in the Second National Bank at Cooperstown, and the bank at Oneonta; was elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the ommittee on Public Expenditures; was also elected o the Forty-sixth Congress. 544 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Wilbur, Isaac ; was born in Rhode Island; was, for many years, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1806 was Acting Governor; was a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1807 to 1809. "Wilcox, Jeduthun ; was born in New Hamp shire in 1769; was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. Died at Oxford, New Hampshire, in July, 1838. "Wilcox, John A.; was born in North Carolina; removed to Mississippi; was elected a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853. Wilcox, Leonard. ; was a native of New Hamp shire; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817; was a member of the State Legislature; was a Judge of the Superior Court; was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire during the years 1842 and 1843. Died in 1850, aged fifty years. Wilde, Richard Henry ; was born in the City of Dublin, Ireland, September 24. 1789; his child hood was passed in Baltimore, Maryland ; his father having died, he obtained the rudiments of learning from his mother and a private tutor, and in his eleventh year was placed as a clerk in a store; in 1802 went, with his mother, to Augusta, Georgia; obtained a livelihood by merchandising, in a small way, devoting all his leisure to books; under many difficulties, studied law; practiced with success; also devoted himself to polite literature; as an Advocate, rose to eminence; was made Attorney-General of Georgia; in 1815 was elected a Representative in Congress from that State; was again elected in 1823, and again in 1827, serving with marked ability until 1835: after leaving Congress, visited Europe, and on his return devoted himself to literature, politics, and law; in 1843 removed to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he added to his reputation as a lawyer, and was elected Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Louisiana; one of his lyrics, entitled "My Life is Like a Summer Rose, attracted the praise of Lord Byron; his literary productions were quite numerous, and they all bear the impress of a gifted and highly educated inind; his principal work was a " Life of Tasso > " which evinced his familiarity with Italian literature, and gave him a rank among the best scholars. Died in New Orleans, September 10, 1847. Wilder, A. Carter ; was born in Mendon, Wor- chester County, Massachusetts, March 18, 1828; in 1850 removed to Rochester, New York, and in 1857 to Kansas, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" in 1860; in 1862 was elected a Representative from Kansas to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Died in San Francisco, California, December 23, 1875. Wildman, Zalmon ; was a native of Danbury, Connecticut; was elected a Representative in Con gress from that State from 1835 to 1836. Died at Washington, District of Columbia, December 10, 1835, before the expiration of his term. Wildrick, Isaac ; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853. Wiley, James S.| was born in Maine; gradu ated at Waterville College in 1836; studied law; was a Representative in Congress from Maine from 147 to 1849. Wilkin, James W.; was born in 1762; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1785; was a member of the Legislature of New York in 1800; held many other places in the gift of his fellow-citizens; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1819. Died at Goshen, New York, February 23, 1845. Wilkin, Samuel J.; was born in New York in 1790; graduated at Princeton College in 1812; was a member of the State Assembly, from Orange County, in 1824 and 1825; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833; was the Whig candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with Millard Fillmore. Died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, March 11, 1866. Wilkins, Beriah ; was born in Union County. Ohio, July, 10, 1846; was educated in the common schools at Marysville, Ohio; was engaged in mer cantile pursuits at that place until 188; then be came Cashier and General Manager of the Farmers and Merchants (now) National Bank at Urichsville, Ohio; held several minor offices in the village; was elected a State Senator in 187 ); was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee in 1882; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fony- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. "Wilkins, Ross ; was born in Pennsylvania; was educated for the bar in that State; removed to the West at an early day, with a commission in his pocket, from President Jackson, as a Federal Judge for the Territory of Michigan; in 18:57, and on several sub sequent occasions, was appointed a Regent of the State University; aside from exerting much influence in his judicial capacity, always took an interest in the public affairs of the State; presided over the first war-meeting held in Detroit after the commencement of the Rebellion; was, for a great many years. aCircuit fudge, remaining in office until the summer of 1870, when he voluntarily retired from the Bench; con tinued to reside in the City of Detroit. Wilkins, William ; was born in 1779; was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1834; was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1834; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1844; in 1844 and 1845 was Secretary of War under President Tyler; subsequently held the office of Judge of the United States District Court for Western Pennsylvania. Died near Pitts burgh, June 23, 1865. Wilkinson, James ; was born near Benedict, Maryland, in 1757; studied at the Medical School of Philadelphia in 1773; entered the Revolutionary Army after the battle of Bunker Hill; was made Captain by General Washington in 1776, and served under Arnold in the Northern Army; became Briga dier-General, and bore to Congress the announce ment of Burgoyne s surrender; was appointed Secre tary of the Board of War, but being implicated in the Con way Cabal, resigned that position and was appointed Clothier-General to the Army; after the war settled in Lexington, Kentucky, and engaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1791 was appointed to the command of an expedition on the Wabash; in 1792 commanded the right wing of Wayne s Army; re ceived Louisiana from the French in 1803, as joint Commissioner with Olaiborne; was Governor of Louis iana Territory from 1805 to 1807; was General-in- Chief of the Army, and remained at the head of the Southern Department until cotart-martialed in 1811; was honorably acquitted; in 1812 was appointed Brevet Major-General; in 1813 became Major-Gen- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. >45 era!, and, after effective service at Mobile, was ordered to the northern frontier; his service in Can ada was unsuccessful because of disagreement with General Wade Hampton, and he was again court- martialed and acquitted ; after the war removed to Mexico, where he purchased large estates. Died near the City of Mexico, December 28, 1825. "Wilkinson, Morton S.; was born at Skaneat- eles, Onoudaga County, New York, January 22, 1819; received an academic education, working occa sionally upon his father s farm; in 1837 removed to Illinois; for two years was employed upon the rail road works, then commenced in that State; returned to his native town; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, after which he again removed to the West, and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michigan; in 1847 settled in Minnesota; in 1849, when that Territory was organized, was elected to the Legislature, and the laws adopted by the Territory as its code were of his draughting; in 1859 was chosen a Senator in Congress from Minnesota for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims, and as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs; was also a Delegate to the "Bal timore Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was subsequently elected to the Forty-first Congress as a Representa tive from Minnesota, serving on the Committeeg on Foreign Affairs and on the Ninth Census. Willard, Ashbel P.; was Governor of Indiana from 1857 until his death, in 1861. "Willard, Charles W.; was born at Lyndon, Caledonia County, Vermont, June 18. 1827; gradu- j ated at Dartmouth College in 1851; studied law, and came to the bar at Montpelier in 1853; was elected Secretary of State in 1855, and declined a re-election; was elected a State Senator in 18J50; in 1861 became the editor of the Green Mountain Free man; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Ver mont to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Foreign Affairs and Revolutionary Pen sions; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions and War of 1812. "Willard, George ; was born in Bolton, Ver mont, March 20, 1824; received a liberal education; removed to Michigan; was, for two years, a Professor in Kalamazoo College; was editor and publisher of the Battle Creek Journal; was a member of the Mich igan Board of Education from 1857 to 1863; was made Regent of the University of Michigan in 1863; was a member of the State Constitutional Conven tion; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures and Civil Service. "Willey, Calvin; was born at East Haddam, Connecticut, September 15. 1776; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1798; served in the State Leg islature and Senate a number of years; was Post master at Stafford Springs eight years; was a Judge oi Probate for seven years; in 1824 was a Presiden tial Elector; was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 18.51. Died at Stafford, Connecticut, August 23. 1858. "Willey, "Waitman T.; was born in the valley of Buffalo Creek, Monongalia County, Virginia, Oc tober 18, 1811; received a common school education; graduated at Madison College in 1831; studied law, tnd came to the bar in 1833; in 1841 was elected 35 Clerk of the Monongalia County Court; was subse quently elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, holding the two positions, in all, fourteen years; in 1850 was elected to the Convention to Reform the Constitution of Virginia; in 1853 delivered a series of lectures on Methodism, acted with various local societies, lec tured on various topics, and wrote for the reviews; in 1858 was a Delegate to the " National Convention" of that year; in the winter of 1860 and 1861 was a Delegate to the "Richmond Convention"; in 1861 was elected, by the reorganized Legislature of Vir ginia, a Senator in Congress; at the close of that year was a Delegate to the Wheeling "Constitutional Convention "; in 1863 was elected a Senator in Con gress from West Virginia, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, the District of Columbia, and En grossed Bills; in 1863 the degree of LL.D. was con ferred upon him by Allegheny College, Pennsylvania; in 1864 was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and also of that on Claims; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Conven tion" of 1866. Williams, Alpheus S.; was born at Sajbrook, Connecticut, September 20, 1810; graduated at Yale College in 1831; then traveled in Europe two years; settled in Detroit, Michigan, in 1836, and there prac ticed law; from 1840 to 1844 was Judge of Probate for Wayne County; was Recorder of the City of De troit; from 1843 to 1847 was proprietor, and editor, of the Detroit Daily Advertiser; served through the Mexican War as Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1849 was ap pointed, by President Taylor, Postmaster of Detroit; when the Civil War began, was made Major-General of Militia, and was President of the State Military Board; was subsequently appointed a Brigadier- General in the National Army, and performed much service on the i:pper Potomac; had command of a Di vision at Winchester; was at Cedar Mountain and Manassas; after the battle of South Mountain suc ceeded General N. P. Banks as Corps Commander; commanded the Twelfth Corps at Antietam; was in the battles of Chancellorville and Gettysburg, and went through the Atlanta campaign; while with Sherman, in the " March to the Sea," was bre vetted a Major-General, for gallant and meritorious services; was afterwards on duty in Arkansas; was mustered out in 1866; was a Commissioner to settle Military Claims for Missouri; from 1866 to 1869 was Minister Resident to San Salvador; in 1874 was elected a Rep resentative from Michigan to the Forty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died December 21, 1878. Williams, Andrew ; was born in Canada, August 27, 1828; received a common school educa tion; began business as a manufacturer of bloom iron in 1855, in which he became largely engaged; was a Director in the New York and Canada Rail road; ne\\r held any public office until elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Forty-fourth Con gress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Williams, Archibald; was born in Kentucky; settled in Illinois; was appointed Judge of the United States Court for the District of Kansas, re siding at Topeka. Williams, Benjamin ; was a native of North Carolina; was a patriot of the Revolution; was u member of Congress from 1793 to 1795; also served many years in the State Legislature; was twice elected Governor of North Carolina in 1799 and 1807. Died in Moore County, North Carolina. 546 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Williams, Charles G-.; was born at Royalton, New York, October 18, 1829; received a good educa tion; studied law at Rochester; removed to Wiscon sin in 185(5. and practiced his profession; was a Pres idential Elector in 1868; was elected to the State Sen ate for two years, and chosen President pro tern.; in 1870 was appointed Chairman of the Committee to inspect the various charitable and penal institutions of the State; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs; was re-elected to the Forty-lifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; in March, 1883, was appointed Register of a Land District in Southern Dakota; as Chairman of the C unnrittee on Foreign Affairs in the Forty -seventh Congress, he se cured the passage of a measure for the return, to Japan, of the historical fund known as the Japanese Indemnity Fund, which had, for twenty years, been A serious drawback to the friendly relations of the two countries; his appeal to the House in behalf of this measure was one of the most eloquent addresses delivered in that body for many years, and resulted in the passage of the bill by the unanimous vote of the House, amid great applause from the members; the amount involved was $2,000.000. Williams, Charles Kilbourne ; was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 24, 1782; gradu ated at Williams College in 1800; studied law, and practiced in Rutland County, Vermont; in 1812 served during one campaign on the Northern frontier; be tween 1809 and 1821 was several times Representa tive, and again in 1849; was State s Attorney in 1814 and 1815; was a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1822 to 1824, and from 1829 to 1842; was Collector of Customs for the District of Vermont from 1825 to 1829; received the degree of LL.D. from Middlebury College in 1834; was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1843 to 1846, and ex-officio Chancellor of the State; was President of the Coun cil of Censors in 1847; was Governor of Vermont from 1850 to 1852. Died at Eutland, Vermont. March 9, 1853. Williams, Christopher H.; was born in Ten nessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1849 to 1853. Williams, David R. ; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was ap pointed, by President Madison, a Brigadier-General; was Governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. Williams, George H.; was born in Columbia County, New York, March 23, 1823; received an aca demic education in Onondaga County; studied law nad on being admitted to the bar, in 1844, imme diately emigrated to Iowa; in 1847 was elected Judge of the First Judicial District of that State; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; in 1853 received, from President Pierce, the appointment of Chief Justice of t .ie Territory of Oregon; was re-appointed, by Presi dent Buchanan, in 1857, but resigned; was a mem ber of the " Constitutional Convention " which pre ceded the formation of a State Government; in 1864 was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1771, serv ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, on Claims, on Private Land Claims, on Finance, and on the Spe cial Committees on the Rebellious States and Re trenchment, and as Chairman of the Committees on the Expenses of the Senate and Private Land Claims- was also a member of the National Committee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illi nois; in 1871 was appointed a member of the Com mission to settle the Alabama Claims; in 1872 went into President Grant s Cabinet as Attorney-General; in 1873 was nominated for Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, but his name was withdrawn ; resigned in May, 1875, and resumed the, practice of his profession. Williams, Henry; was born in Taunton, Mas sachusetts, in November, 1804; adopted the profes sion of the law; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845; was a State Senator for two years; was a Representative in the State Legislature for three years. Williams, Hezekiah ; was born at Woodstock, Windsor County, Vermont, in 1798; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1820; studied law; was Regis ter of Probate from 1824 to 1838; was a State Sena tor from 1839 to 1841; was a Representative in Con gress from Maine from 1845 to 1849. Died October 24, 1856. Williams, Isaac, Jr.; was a native of New York; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815, from 1817 to 1819, and again i from 1823 to 1825. Williams, James ; was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1825; attended school in that city; settled in Delaware, as a farmer, in 1814; in 1856 and 1862 was elected to the State Legisla ture; in 1866 was elected to the State Senate; was made Speaker of the Senate in 1869: was a member of the Baltimore Convention of 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Delaware to the Forty- fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Williams, James D.; was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, Januarys, 1808; removed, with his parents, to Knox County, Indiana, in 1818; received j a common school education, and engaged in the busi- ness of farming and stock-raising; was elected to the State Legislature in 1843, 1847, 1851, 1856, and 1868; was elected State Senator in 1858, and served four years; was re-elected in 1862 for four years, and again elected in 1870; was a member of the State Board of Agriculture for seventeen years, serving four years of the time as President; in 1874 was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress; in December, 1875, was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Accounts; in 1876 was elected Gov ernor of Indiana for the term of four years from Jan uary, 1877. Died November 20, 1880. Williams, James W.; was a native of Mary land; was, for many years, a prominent member of the Legislature of that State, being for a time Speaker of the House of Delegates in 1839; in May, 1841, was elected to Congress as a Representative, and con tinued a member of that body until the time of his death, in December, 1842; when on his way to Wash ington, December 2, 1843, was stricken with paraly sis, while in his carriage, and survived the attack but a short time. His age was about fifty-five years. Williams, Jared; was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, March 4, 1766; in 1811 was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia, and served a number of years; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1819 to 1825; in 1829 was a Presidential Elector, voting for General Jack son, and was appointed, by the Electoral College, to convey the certificate of the vote to Washington; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 547 when not in public life, was devoted to the pursuits of agriculture. Died in Frederick County, Virginia, January 2, 1831. Williams, Jared W.; was born in New Hamp shire; graduated at Brown University in 1818; set tled in Lancaster as a lawyer; was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1847 to 1849; was a Senator in Con gress from 1853 to 1854, by appointment, in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased; served several terms in the State Legislature. Died in Lancaster, New Hamp shire, September 29, 1864. "Williams, Jeremiah N.; was born in Barbour County, Alabama, in April, 1829; graduated at the University of South Carolina; studied law and adopted the profession; entered the Confederate service as a Major, but ill-health forced him to retire; in 1872 was elected to the Legislature, but was not permitted to take his seat; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. "Williams, John ; was born in Hanover County, Virginia; removed to North Carolina, and was one of the first Judges under the State Constitution from 1777 to 1790; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from North Carolina in 1778 and 1779. Died in Granville County, North Carolina, October, 1799. Williams, John ; was a member of the New York Senate from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783 to 1795, from Washington County ; was a member of the Assembly from 1781 to 1782; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 171)5 to 1799. Williams, John; was a Senator in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 18:23, and was highly respected for his talents and character. Died at Knoxville, August 7, 1837. Williams, John; was a citizen of Tennessee; in 1825 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Central Amer ica, where he remained only about one year. Williams, John; was born in Utica in 1807; re sided for a time in Sacketts Harbor, and then re moved to Rochester in 1824; although generally en gaged in mercantile pursuits, he was, in 1842, chosen an Alderman of Rochester; in 1852 elected Mayor of the City; was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 1857; in 1871 was made City Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1873 and 1875; always took a great inter est in military affairs; was made a Major-General of militia, and rendered good service, during the Re bellion, in raising troops for the War. Died in Roch ester, March 26, 1875. Williams, John M. S.; was born in Richmond, Virginia, August 14, 1818; was well educated in Boston; was a merchant and shipowner; was a mem ber of the State House of Representatives in 1856, and of the Senate in 1858; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Office and Post Roads, and Department of State. Died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 19, 1886. Williams, John S.; waa born at Montgomery, Kentucky, in 1820; graduated at Oxford College, Ohio, in 1839; studied law, and entered upon its practice at Paris, Kentucky; served in the War with Mexico, first as Captain and afterwards as Colonel; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 18V7; entered the Confederate service, in 1861, as Colonel, and was promoted to Brigadier-General, serving throughout the war; was several times a Delegate to National Conventions, and Presidential Elector; in 1875 was again in the Legislature; was elected a Senator of the United States from Kentucky for the term of six years from March 4, 1879. Williams, John S.; waa born in Niagara County, New York, December 14, 1825; received a liberal education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law; in 1853 re moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he continued the practice of his profession; in 1856 was elected Mayor of the City of Lafayette; was re-elected in 1858; resumed the practice of law; was, for some time, editor of the Lafayette Daily American; in the fall of 1861 was authorized, by Governor Morton, to recruit the Sixty-third Regiment of Indiana Volun teers, and was commissioned Colonel of the regiment; was present, with the First Battalion of his regi ment, at the second battle of Bull Run; in July, 1863, was compelled, by ill-health, to resign his commission ; resumed the practice of his profession ; in 1866 was appointed, by President Johnson, Collec tor of Internal Revenue for the Eighth District of Indiana; resigned in 1809; became the publisher of the Lafayette Sunday Times; in April, 1885, was ap pointed Third Auditor of the United States Treasury Department. Williams, Jonathan; was born in Boston in 1752; received a good education; was first in a count ing-house, and then made several commercial voy ages to the West Indies and to Europe; was a nephew of Dr. Franklin; was kindly received by him in En gland in 1770 and 1773, and was intrusted with letters of political importance; was in France in 1777, and was appointed United States Commercial Agent; in 1785 returned, with Franklin, to the United States; was, for several years, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, in Philadelphia; was appointed Major of Artillery in 1801, and Inspector of Fortifi cations; was Superintendent of West Point Academy; was Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers in 1802; Colonel from 1808 to 1812; was General of New York Militia from 1812 to 1815; was elected a Representative in Congress from Philadelphia in 1814; was Vice-Presi- dent of the American Philosophical Society; was the author of a work "On the Use of the Thermometer in Navigation," 1799; "Elements of Fortification, " 1801; " Kosciusko s Movements for Horse Artillery," 1808. Died in Philadelphia, May 16, 1815. Williams, Joseph; was an early emigrant to Iowa; in 1838 was appointed a United States Judge for that Territory; was subsequently appointed to the same office in Kansas. Williams, Joseph H.; was born in Maine; was Governor of that State from 1857 to 1858. Williams, Joseph L.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1843; was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of Dakota, residing at Yankton. Williams, Lemuel ; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1765; was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1805. Died in 1827. Williams, Lewis; was born in Surry County, North Carolina; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1808; entered the House of Com mons of his native State in 1813; was re-elected in 1814; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1842, where, for his many good qualities and his long service, he was known as the "Father of tlie 548 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. House." Died in Washington, while representing his State in Congress, February 23, 1842 aged nearly sixty years. He was, for fifteen years, Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Williams, Marmaduke ; was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, April 6, 1772; was a lawyer V profession; served as a Representative in Congress from his native State from 1803 to 1809; in 1810 re moved, with his family, to Madison County, Ala bama, and thence to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in 1 was repeatedly elected to the Legislature, and was a Delegate from Tuscaloosa County to the Convention which formed the State Constitution; was a candi date for Governor, but was defeated by William W. Bibb; in 1826 was appointed a Commissioner to ad just the unsettled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi, growing out of their territorial relation ship; in 18:52 was elected Judge of the County Court, which office he held until April, 1842, when he re signed, having attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution declares a disqualification for the bench. Died in Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850. Williams, Nathan; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1805 to 1807; served in the State Assembly from Onondaga in 1816, 1817, and 1818. Williams, Reuel ; was born in Hallowell (now Augusta), Maine, June 2, 1783; received an aca demic education; was a lawyer by profession; was a Representative and Senator in the Legislature of Maine for twelve years; was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843; received from Bowdoin College, the degree of LL.D., and was a Trustee of that insti tution ; was a Presidential Elector in 1836. Died at Augusta in 1862. Williams, Richard ; was born at Findlay, Ohio, November 15, 1836; removed- to Oregon in 1851; was educated at Willamette University; stud ied law; was admitted to practice in 1858; was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Forty- nl th Congress. Williams, Robert ; was born in Caswell Coun ty, North Carolina; bred to the law; was a brother of Marmaduke Williams, and distinguished for his attainments; was an Adjutant-General of North Carolina: was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1797 to 1803; was appointed Com missioner of Land Titles in Mississippi Territory in 1803; was Governor of the Territory of Mississippi from 1805 to 1809; emigrated to Tennessee towards the close of his life. Died in Louisiana. Williams, Samuel Wells ; was born at Utica, New York, September, 1812; studied at the Rensse- laer School, Troy; in 1833 went to China as a printer for the Missionary Board at Canton, and assisted in editing the Chinese Repository; in 1837, while on a voyage to or from Japan, obtained, from some ship wrecked Japanese, a knowledge of their language translated a treatise on smelting copper from the original, and made a version of the Book of Genesi and the Gospel of St. Matthew into Japanese; con tributed to the Chinese Chrysfomafhy ; published Easy Lessons in Chinese," "English and Chinese Vocabulary," and a "Chinese Commercial Guide" returned to New York in 1845 and published " The Middle Kingdom"; from 1848 to 1851 edited the Chinese Repository at Canton; in 1853 and 1854 was- interpreter to Commodore Perry s Japan Expedi tion; in 1855 was Secretary and Interpeter to the United States legation; frequently served as Charg d Affaires; in 1856 published " Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language"; in 1858 assisted in the negotiations at Tientsen; in 1859 went to Pekm to exchange the ratifications; in I860 lectured before the Smithsonian Institution and elsewhere in the United States; received the degree of LL.D. from Union College in 1850; returned to New York in 1875 his last work before leaving China having been to publish a "Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language." Williams, Sherrod; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1835 to 1841. Williams, Thomas ; was born at Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, August 28, 1806; graduated at Dickinson College in 1825; stucl- ed law, and came to the bar in 1828; settled in 3 ittsburgh, from which place he was sent, as Senator to the State Legislature in 1838, and the three suc ceeding years ; in 1860 was again elected to the lower louse of the Legislature; in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; was"re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, and on Coinage, Weights and Measures; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees, and was one of the Managers of the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Williams, Thomas; was born in Greenville County, Virginia, August 11, 1825; in 1835 removed to Wetumpka. Alabama; received a limited educa tion; became a lawyer, and also engaged in farming; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1878; was elected a Representative from Alabama to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. Williams, Thomas Hill ; was a native of North Carolina: read law, but relinquished the profession for a clerkship in the War Department at Washing ton; in 1805 was appointed, by President Jefferson, Register of the Land Office, and Commissioner for de ciding Land Claims in the Territory of Mississippi; subsequently, for a few years, held the office of Col lector of the Port of New Orleans; was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi from 1817 to 1831; late in life removed to Tennessee, and there died. Williams, Thomas H.; emigrated to the north ern part of Mississippi .soon after the cession of In dian Territory to that quarter; was a Senator in Con gress from Mississippi, by executive appointment, during the years 1838 and 1839. Williams, Thomas Scott ; was born at Weth- ersfield, Connecticut, June 26, 1777; graduated at Yale College in 1794; studied law at Litchfield; was admitted to the bar in Windham County in 1799, and commenced practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to Hartford in 1803; in 1809 was appointed Attorney of the Board of Managers of the School Fund ; rep resented the town of Hartford in the General Assem bly for seven terms, from 1813 to 1829; was elected a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1817 to 1819; in 1829 was appointed an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors; in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice, and in the same year re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College; was Mayor of the city of Hartford from 1831 to 18:?5; in 1847 resigned his position as Chief Justice, his term having expired by constitutional limitation; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; was, for twenty years, President of the American Asylum for the Deaf and BI OGK APH ICAL A XX A LS. 549 Dumb, and, for a long time, Vice-President of the In sane Retreat at Hartford, and of the Board of For eign Missions, and subsequently President of the American Tract Society; lived in retirement at Hart ford, until December 15, 1861, when he died, leaving a much-loved name for his benevolence. Williams, Thomas W.; was born in Stoning- ton, Connecticut, September 28, ITS ); was educated at Plainfield and Stonington Academies; received a commercial education in New York City; Avas engaged in mercantile businesg in New London, Connecticut, for many years; was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843; was a member of the Legislature in 1846: was chosen Presidential Elector in 1848. Williams, William; was born in Lebanon, Windham County, Connecticut, Aprils, 1731; grad uated at Harvard University in 1,51: in 1755 was commissioned as a Staff Officer; after one campaign among the Indians, returned home and commenced the mercantile business; was soon after elected Town Clerk, a member of the Assembly of Connecticut, and a Justice of the Peace, and was, for nearly one hundred sessions, member, Clerk, or Speaker of the I louse of Representatives; at the commencement of the War of the Revolution was a member of the Council of Safety ; was one of the signers of the Dec laration of Independence; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 177(i to 1778, and again iii 1783 and 1781; when the Government Treasury v.as drained, he gave to his country what he called his "last mite." which amounted to more than two thousand dollars, and was very fortunate in obtain ing donations from others; for forty years held the more honorable local offices of his town and county: was a member of the Convention which framed the first Constitution of Connecticut. Died August i. , 1811, greatly lamented. Williams, William ; was born near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, May 11. 1821: received a good English education; adopted the pro fession of the law; on removing to Indiana, was cho sen Treasurer of Kosciusko County in 1850; in 1852 was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for Lieutenant- Governor of the State; in 1860 was chosen, by the Legislature, Director of the Northern Indiana State Prison: in 1862 was commissioned, by the Governor, Commandant of Camp Allen with the rank of Colonel; in 1864 was appointed an additional Paymaster in the United States Army; in 1866 was elected a Rep resentative from Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Colum bia, Expenditures in the War Department, and Edu cation in the District of Columbia; was re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on various Committees; in 1882 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Paraguay and Uruguay. Williams, William; was born in Bolton, Con necticut, September 6, 1815; received a good educa tion; became a banker and railroad president; was elected to the Legislature of New York in 1866 and 1867; was elected to the Forty -second Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Terri tories, and District of Columbia. Williams, William B.; was born in Pittsford, New York. July 28, 1826; graduated at the State and National Law School at Ballston Spa, in 1851; was admitted to the bar in 1851; removed to Michigan in 1855; was elected Judge of Probate in 1856 and 1860; was elected to the State Senate in 1866 and 1868, President ^ni tern, in 1869; was elected to the Consti tutional Convention of 1867; in 1871 was appointed a member of the Board for the Supervisory Control of the Charitable, Penal, and Beneficiary Institutions of the State; was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on the Pacific l.ai.road. and Revolutionary Pen sions. Williamson, G-eorge; was a citizen of Louis iana; in 1873 was appointed Minister Resident to Costa Rica, and also accredited to Guatemala, Nica ragua, and Honduras. Williamson, Hugh ; was born in Pennsylvania, December 5. 1735; graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1757; studied theology, and preached two years: in 1760 was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania; re signed in 1764, and went to Edinburgh, Scotland, to study medicine; on his return, in 1772, settled in practice in Philadelphia; again visited Europe, and had much to do with matters connected with the Revolution; subsequently engaged in commercial pursuits, and an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina; with that State was long and honorably identified; served a number of years in the House of Commons; also served in the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1785. and from 1787 to 1788; was a Delegate to the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed the same; was a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Po tomac; in 1811 published a work on the Climate of America; in 1812, a History of North Carolina; was associated with DeWitt Clinton, in 1814, in forming the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York; enjoyed the respect of all who knew him, and died universally lamented. Died suddenly, May 22, 1819. Williamson, Isaac H.; was born in Elizabeth- town, New Jersey, in 1769; received a common school education; studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1791; was Prosecuting Attorney for Morris County; in 1817 was a member of the Assembly; was Governor and Chancellor of the State from 1817 to 1829; was President of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844; received the degree of LL.D. from New Jersey College in 1839. Died in Elizabeth- town, July 10, 1844. Williamson, James Alexander; was born in Adair County, Kentucky, February 8, 1829; re moved to Indiana in infancy, and thence to Iowa Ter ritory at the age of sixteen ; was educated at Knox College, Illinois; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1854; became a resident of Fort Des Moines, (now Des Moines), Iowa, in 1855, at which place he, thereafter, maintained a residence, although at times temporarily residing elsewhere; was ap pointed School Fund Commissioner of Keokuk Coun- by, Iowa, in 1852; entered the Volunteer Service of the United States in 1861 as First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the Fourth Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry; immediately after the battle of Pea Ridge was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and, a few days later, to Colonel of his Regiment; at the close of the Atlanta campaign was promoted to brevet Brig adier-General and Brigadier-General, and later to brevet Major-General; was appointed Chairman of the Iowa Delegation to the Republican National Con vention of 1864, but did not leave his place in the army to attend; was appointed Chairman of the Iowa Delegation to the Republican National Convention of 1868, and served as such; in June, 1876, was ap pointed, by President Grant, Commissioner of the 550 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. General Land Office, at Washington City, and held the office until 1881, when he resigned to resume the practice of law. Williamson, John Q. A.; was appointed Charge d Affaires to Caraccas in 1835. Died in that country August 7, 1840. "Williamson, William D.; was born in Canter bury, Connecticut, July 31, 1779; graduated at Brown University in 1804; studied and adopted law as a profession, commencing practice in 1807, at Bangor, Maine; was, for seven years, in the Senate of Massachusetts, before the separation of Maine; was a Senator in the Maine Legislature in 1821: part of that year was Acting Governor of Maine; was a member of Congress from Maine from 1821 to 1823; was a Judge of Probate from 1827 to 1840; was a Bank Commissioner from 1838 to 1841; was the author of a History of Maine. Died at Bangor, [May 27, 1846. Willie, Asa H.; was born in Washington, Georgia, October 11, 1829; removed to Washington County, Texas, in 1846, and studied law; was re lieved of the disability of non-age, and admitted to the bar in 1848, and commenced the practice of law; in 1852 was elected Attorney of the Third District of Texas; served in the Confe derate Army during the war; in 1866 was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Texas, and held that office until 1867, when he was removed by the military authori ties; was elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Willing, Thomas ; was one of the first to sug gest resisting the British in Pennsylvania; was Chair man of a Revolutionary meeting in June, 1774; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776. Willis, Albert S.; was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, January 22, 1843; received a good educa tion; taught school for four years; graduated at the Louisville Law School in 1866, and commenced prac tice; was elected County Attorney in 1870, and re- elected in 1874, serving until he was elected to Con gress; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth. Forty-seventh, Forty- eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. Willis, Benjamin A.; was born in Roslyn, Queens County, Long Island, in 1840; graduated at Union College in 1861, and was at once admitted to the bar; in 1862 entered the army as Captain of a company raised at his own expense, which was as signed to the One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, New York Volunteers; participated in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and Wanhatchen, and was twice promoted; in 1864 was honorably discharged, and resumed the practice of law in New York City; was an advocate of Reform, and opened the correspondence in opposition to Tam many Hall, which culminated in its overthrow; be came a member of the Grand Army of the Republic; was elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress from New York; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Died October 15, 1886. Willis, Francis ; was born in Frederick County, Virginia, January 5, 1725; received a good education ; removed to Georgia in 1784; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1791 to 1793; in 1811 took up his residence in Tennessee, and led the life of a retired gentleman. Died in Maury County, Tennessee, January 25, 1829. Willits, Ed-win ; was born at Otto, New York, April 24, 1830; removed to Michigan in 1836; grad uated at the Michigan University in 1855; located at Monroe, Michigan, in 1856; studied law; was admit ted to the bar, and commenced practice in 1857; was Prosecuting Attorney of Monroe County from 1860 to 1862; was a member of the State Board of Educa tion from 1860 to 1872; was Postmaster at Monroe from 1863 to 1866; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty- seventh Congresses. Willoston, Lorenzo P.; was born in New York; removed to Pennsylvania; was appointed, from that State, an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Dakota. Willoug-hby, Westel, Jr.; was a Representa tive in Congress from New York from 1816 to 1817. Wilmot, David ; was born at Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814; was edu cated at Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Cayuga County, New York; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; was a member of Congress from 1845 to 1851; was subsequently President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which position he resigned, and to which he was re-elected; was the author of a slavery proviso, Avhich caused some excitement in Congress when he was a member; in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1863, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, on Claims, and on Pensions; was also a Delegate to the "Peace Congress " of 18 il ; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims. Died in Towanda, Pennsyl vania, March 16, 1868. Wilshire, William W.; was born in Gallatin County, Illinois, September 8, 1830; received a com mon-school ed ucation ; studied law ; served as a Ma jor of Volunteers in the war for the Union, and was at the siege of Vicksburg; after the war settled at Little Rock, Arkansas, and entered on the practice of his profession; in 1867 was appointed Solicitor- General of the State; in 1868 became Chief-Justice of one of the State courts, remaining in office until 1871 ; was a candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress, and was declared elected by the Secretary of State, but was not admitted to the seat he claimed; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Arkansas io the Forty -fourth Congress. Wilson, Alexander; was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1804 to 1809. Wilson, Benjamin; was born in Harrison lounty, Virginia (now West Virginia), April 30, 1825; received an academic education; attended the .aw school at Staunton, and was admitted to the bar in 1848; was attorney for the Commonwealth in Har rison County from 1852 to 1860; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1861; was Presidential Elector for the State at Large in 1868; was a member of the Constitutional Conven tion of West Virginia in 1871; was a delegate to the onvention at Baltimore in 1872; was elected a Rep resentative from West Virginia to the Forty-fourth !ongress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth, Forty- sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Wilson, Bluford ; was born in Illinois; was ed- jcated for the legal profession; in 1874 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury of the United States, at Washington. BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 5P1 Wilson, Edgar C.; was a native of Virginia; was a son of Thomas Wilson, of Virginia; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835; died at Morgantown, Virginia, in May, 1860. "Wilson, E. K.; graduated at Princeton College in 1789; was a Presidential Elector in 1804; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from 1827 to 1831. "Wilson, Ephraim King ; was born at Snow Hill. Maryland, December 22, 1821; received his early education at Union Academy, Snow Hill, and Washington Academy, Princess Anne, Maryland; graduated from Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1841 ; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and en gaged in the practice of law at Snow Hill; was a Representative in the Maryland Legislature in 1847 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-second Congress; was Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland from 1878 to 1884; in 1884 was elected a United States Senator from Maryland, for the term ending March 3, 1891. "Wilson, Eugene M.; was born in Morgan County, Virginia, December 25, 1833; graduated at Jefferson College in 1852; studied law, and removed to Minnesota in 1855; was United States District Attorney for Minnesota from 1857 to 1861; served as a Captain in the war for the Union; was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and the Pacific Railroads. His father, Edgar C. Wilson, his grandfather, Thomas Wilson, of Vir ginia, and his great-grandfather, Isaac Griffin, were all Representatives in Congress. "Wilson, E. "Willis ; was born at Harper s Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in 1844; received a common school and commercial college education; when a boy worked in the United States Armory at Harper s Ferry, and afterwards followed the trade of a mechanic; in I860 began the study of the law, and in 186!) was admitted to the bar of his native county; in 1870 was elected a Delegate in the State Legisla ture; in 1872 was elected State Senator; in 1874 re moved to Charleston, West Virginia, continuing the practice of the law; in 1876 was again elected to the Lower House of the State Legislature, and was elected a third time in 1880; during the latter term was elected, and served, as Speaker of the House of Delegates; in 1884 was elected Governor of West Virginia. Wilson, Henry ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 18:23 to 1826. Died in Allen- town, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1826. Wilson, Henry ; was born at Farmington, New Hampshire, February 16, 1812; was reared on a farm; when twenty -one years of age went to Natick, Mas sachusetts, where he learned to make shoes; in 1840 was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, in which he served four years, and then four years in the State Senate, of which he was President during two sessions ; in 1848 became the proprietor and ed itor of the Boston Republican; in 1852 was the Free Soil candidate for Congress, but was defeated; in 1853 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention," and afterwards took an active part in political Conventions; in 1855 was elected a Senator in Congress, and was re-elected in 1859 for a long term; from 1842 to 1851 was actively connected with the Militia of Massachusetts as Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General; in 1861 raised the Twenty -second Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he became Colonel, and after joining the army of tb Potomac, was made a member of General McClel- lan s staff, on which he served until the meeting of Congress; from the commencement of the war was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, which had to pass on eleven thousand appointments, and to devise most important measures of legislation during the Rebellion; in 1856 was challenged by Preston Brooks, of South Carolina, for pronouncing his assault on Senator Sumner "murderous, brutal, and cowardly," but replied that, while believing in the right of self-defense, he declined the challenge, as duelling, in his opinion, was a violation of law, and the relic of a barbarous age; was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, and was made Chairman of the Com mittee on Pensions, although continuing at the head of the Military Committee, and serving on the Com - inittee of Appropriations; published a work entitled "Anti-Slavery Measures in Congress," and a "His tory of the Thirty -seventh and Thirty-eighth Con gresses, as well as one on the Congressional meas ures connected with the prosecution of the war for the Union; was the originator of the bill for abolish ing slavery in the District of Columbia, and also that establishing the American Academy of Sciences; was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to at tend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Conven tion " of 1866; in 1872 was elected Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with U. S. Grant. Died in Washington City, November 22, 1875. The name of his father was Colbath, but having been adopted in early life by a man named Wilson, he preferred to take that name as his own. Wilson, Hiram V.; was a Judge of the United States District Court for the State of Ohio for many years. Died at Cleveland, November 11, 1866. Wilson, Isaac; during the War of 1812 com manded a company of cavalry, and was in some of the severest actions on the northern frontier; was subsequently elected a member of the Assembly of New York, and also of the Senate; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and at the end of his term, his seat having been successfully con tested by P. Adams, was appointed first Judge of Genesee County, and held the position until his re moval to Batavia, Illinois, where he died October 25, 1848. Wilson, James; was born near St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1742; received a classical education, and had for tutors Doctors Blair and Watts; emigrated to Philadelphia in 1766, and became tutor in the college of that city; adopted the profession of the law; re moved to Reading, Pennsylvania, and soon after wards to Carlisle, in the same State; lived a year in Maryland, and then settled in Philadelphia; was an active member of a war convention in 1773 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1778, in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to 1787; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; on the commencement of hostilities was appointed a Colonel in the army, and was a Commissioner to treat with the Indians ; when not in Congress acted as Advocate- General for the French nation; was a Director in the Bank of North America; was a member of the Con vention to form the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; was also a member of the Conven tion called to alter the Constitution of Pennsylvania; in 1789 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme B I O (J K A P H I C A L ANNALS. Court of the United States; ill 1790 was appointed Law Professor of the University of Philadelphia; re ceived the degree of LL. I). Died on August 28, 1798, in Edenton, North Carolina, while upon a visit to that place. His writings on Politics and Jurispru- - dence enjoy a high reputation; he was the man who proposed that the President and Vice-President should be chosen in each State by Colleges of Electors. "Wilson, James; was born in 1757; graduated at Harvard University in 1789; was a lawyer by pro fession: was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1809 to 1811. Died at Keene, New Hampshire, January 4, 1^3! . "Wilson, James ; was bora in York County (now Adams County), Pennsylvania, April 28. 177:1; re ceived a good English education; in his fourteenth year was bound to learn the trade of a cabinet maker in Maryland; from 1811 to 1822 was a Justice of the Peace; was a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Committee on ( laims; soon after returning to private life, was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the duties of which office he continued to till until 1859; it is said of him that he never solicited a vote for an office, nor at tended a political meeting to promote his own ad vancement. "Wilson, James ; was born in New Hampshire; graduated at Middlebury College in 1820; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1828. and in the Legislature a number of years; practiced law at Keene; was a General of Militia; was a Representa tive in Congress from New Hampshire from 1S47 to 1849; subsequently settled in California. Died May 29, 1881. "Wilson, James; was born at Crawfordsville, Montgomery County. Indiana, April 9, 1822; grad uated at Wabash College in 1842; was admitted to the bar in 1845; went to Mexico in 1846 as a private in the Indiana Regiment, and before his return home was promoted to the office of Quartermaster; was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Elections; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs: in 1866 was appointed, by President Johnson. Minister Resident to Venezuela. Died in August, 1867. "Wilson, James ; was born in Ayrshire, Scot land, August 16, 18:55; came to America in 1851; re ceived a liberal education; became a farmer; was a member of the Iowa State Legislature from 1867 to 1873, and Speaker two sessions; was a Regent of the State University; was elected to the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and War Claims; was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-eighth Con gress. "Wilson, James F.; was born at Newark, Ohio, October 19, 1828; removed to Iowa in 1853; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1856; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1857; in 1859 was elected State Senator, serving as President of the Senate in 1861; in the latter year was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, to fill a vacancy; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Con gresses; in 1869 was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad; was elected a United States Senator from Iowa for six years from March 4, 188:5. "Wilson, James J.; was born in Essex County, New Jersey; was, for many years, editor of the True American, at Trenton; was a Senator in Congress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1821, when he re signed, and was appointed Postmaster at Trenton, was, for many years, Clerk of the State Assembly; was, at one time, Adjutant-General of the State, and always a man of influence. Died July 28, 1824. "Wilson, Jeremiah M.; was born in Warren County, Ohio, November 25, 1828; received a good education; studied and practiced law: was Judge of Common Pleas from 1860 to 1865; was Judge of the Circuit Court from 1865 until elected to the Forty- second Congress; was re-eleeted to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary and as Chairman of that on the District of Colum bia. "Wilson, John ; was born in 1777; graduated at Harvard University in 1799; studied law and attained a high position in his profession; was a Representa tive in Congress from Massachusetts from, 1813 to 1816, and from 1817 to 1818. Died at Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848. "Wilson, John ; was born in York District, South Carolina; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; was a Representative in. Congress, from that State, from 1*21 to 1827. "Wilson, John ; was born in Ireland, and the brother of Joseph S. Wilson; settled in Washington at an early age; long held a clerkship in the Post Office and Treasury Departments; AVJIS Commissioner of the General Land Office from 1852 to 1856; in 1864 was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, hold ing the position several years; was, at one time, ex tensively associated with the railroad interests of Illinois; subsequently settled in Washington City as a claim agent and attorney. Died in Washington. January, 1876, aged sixty-eight years. "Wilson, John L. ; was a native of South Caro lina; was Governor of the State from 1822 to 1824. "Wilson, John T. ; was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 16, 1811; received a common school edu cation; passed his youth upon a farm; was twenty- four years engaged in mercantile pursuits, and then retired to a farm; in 1861 raised a company for the war, and was commissioned as its Captain; was sub sequently twice elected to the Ohio Senate; in 1866 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Roads and Canals; was re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv ing on various Committees, and as Chairman of that on Agriculture. "Wilson, Joseph S.; was a native of Ireland ; came to Washington when a boy; obtained a position as Messenger in the Treasury Department; soon became a clerk; after the organization of the Interior Depart ment became Chief Clerk of the General Land Oflice; in 1860 and again in 1866 was appointed Commis sioner of that Bureau, holding the office a number of years, and rendering important services to the De partment generally; was always fond of books, and by the unusual strength of his mind became a most accomplished scholar. Died in Washington. "Wilson, Nathan ; was a Representative in Con gress from New York, from 1808 to 1809. "Wilson, Robert ; was appointed a Senator in Congress from Missouri, taking his seat in 1861, and BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad; continued in the position until November, 1803; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. "Wilson, Stephen F.; was born in Columbia, Bradford County. Pennsylvania, September 4, 1821; passed his boyhood on a farm; received his education at Wellsborough Academy, where he was an assist ant teacher for one term; also, for a while, taught in a district school at Wellsborough; studied and adopted the profession of the law; was a borough assessor for one year; was a school director tor six years; was a Senator in the State Legislature in 1863 and 1 864, and although returned to the State Senate, was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims, and Public Buildings and Grounds; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills and on that on Education and Labor. "Wilson, Thomas ; was a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, from 1811 to 1813. Died Jan uary :24, 1826. "Wilson, Thomas; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Died at Erie, October 4, 18:24, aged fifty-three years. "Wilson, Thomas S.; was an early emigrant to Iowa Territory; in 1838 was appointed United States Judge for that District. "Wilson, "William ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to 1819 "Wilson, "William; was born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1827. Died in the latter year, aged fifty-five years. "Wilson, "William L.; was born in Jefferson County. Virginia, (now West Virginia), May 3, 1843; received a classical education at Charleston Academy, Columbia College, District of Columbia, (where he received the degree of A.B. in 1860), and at the Uni versity of Virginia; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; was Professor of Latin at Columbia College from 1865 to 1871; in the latter year entered upon the practice of law at Charleston, West Virginia; in 1880 was a Delegate to the Demo cratic National Convention; also a Presidential Elector; in 1882 was elected President of the West Virginia University; soon afterwards was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Forty- eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Wiltz, Louis A.; was born in Louisiana in 1843; received a liberal education; resided in the City of New Orleans, where he was Vice-Presi- dent of the Louisiana State National Bank; served a term as Mayor of New Orleans; in 1874 was elected a Representative in the Louisiana Legisla ture; was elected Speaker, and was discharging the duties of this office when, in 1875, the Legislature was overthrown by the United States military authorities; in 1876 was elected Lieutenant-Go vernor of Louisiana; in 1879 was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention of Louisiana, and was President of that body; in November, 1879, was elected Governor of Louisiana. Died at New Or leans, October 16, 1881. "Winans, Ed-win B.; was born at Avon, New York, May 16, 1826; removed to Michigan in 1834; was educated at Albion College, Michigan; left col lege in 1855, and went, overland, to California, where | he engaged in mining; in 1858 returned to Michigan I and engaged in farming; was a Representative in the i State Legislature from 1861 to 1865; a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867; in 1876 was elected Probate Judge for Livingston County; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Winans, James January ; was born at Mays- ville, Kentucky, June 7, 1818; removed, with his father, to Ohio in 1819; received a common school education; worked on a farm, and acted as a clerk in Ohio, and also in Kentucky, until 1837; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1845 was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Greene County, resigning in 1851; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate; in 1863 was elected a Representative in the Legislature; in 1864 was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for two years; was re-elected, in 1866, for a full term of five years; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Con gress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Revolutionary Pensions. "Winans, John; was born at Vernon, Sussex County. New Jersey, September 27, 1831; was edu cated in private and common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855, and engaged in practice; removed to Wisconsin in 1857, and settled at Janesville; was City Attorney five terms between 1865 and 1875; was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 18f>4; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1874 and 1882; was a member of the military staff of the Governor, with rank of Colonel, in 1874 and 1875; was elected a Rep resentative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth Con gress. "Winchester, Boyd ; was born in the parish of Ascension, Louisiana, September 23, 1836; was edu cated at Centre College, Kentucky, and at the Uni versity of Virginia; graduated from the Law Uni versity at Louisville, Kentuck} , in 1857; was admitted to the bar in the same year, and engaged in the practice of law at Louisville, Kentucky; in 1867 was elected a State Senator; was a Presidential Elector in 1868; in that year was elected a Repre sentative from Kentucky to the Forty-first Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress; in 1875 became President of the Farmers and Drovers In surance Company, in which position he remained until 1877, when he resumed the practice of his pro fession; in 1880 was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention ; in 1884 was President of the Democratic State Convention of Kentucky; in the same year was a Presidential Elector; in May, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Minister Resident and Consul-General of the United States to Switzerland. "Winchester, James ; was born in Maryland in 1756; was appointed Judge of the District Court of the United States in Maryland in 1799; entered the army as a Colonel from Tennessee in March, 1812; was made a Brigadier-General in March. 1813; had command of a detachment under General Harrison, and met with great disaster on the River Raisin in January, 1813, when he was compelled to surrender to the British forces; became a prisoner, and was carried into Canada and confined about a year in Quebec, with his subordinate officers*; was subse quently on duty in Mobile, Alabama, under General 554 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Jackson; in March, 1815, resigned his commission in the army, and after living in retirement in Tennes see, died there, July 27, 1826. "Winder, Levin; was appointed Major of the Maryland Regiment in 1777; was a Lieutenant-Col onel at the close of the Revolutionary War; prior to 1812 was Speaker of the House of Delegates, and from 1812 to 1815 was Governor of Maryland; in 1816 was a memher of the State Senate, and was a General of Militia, and Grand Master of Masons of Maryland. Died in Baltimore, July 7, 1819, aged sixty-three years. "Winder, William; was the first man appointed to take charge of the office of Fourth Auditor, in 1798, at which time the officer was called Accountant of the Navy. Windom, William ; was born in Belmont Coun ty, Ohio, May 10, 1827; received an academic educa tion; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County in 1852; removed to Minnesota in 1853; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lands, and of the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Expenditures; also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and of the Special Committee to visit the In dian Tribes of the West in 1865; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as Chairman of a Special Committee on the Conduct of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention" of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on old Committees; in 1870 was appointed a Sen ator in Congress for the unexpired term of D. S. Norton, and subsequently elected for the term ending in 1877, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Enrolled Bills, and Transportation, and member of Appropriations; was re-elected for the term ending in 1883; resigned in March, 1881, to become Secretary of the Treasury; was re-elected to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation. Winfleld, Charles H.; was born in Crawford Orange County, New York, April 22, 1822; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; was for six years District Attorney for Orange County, from 1850 to 1856, in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in 1865 was Chairman of the State "Democratic Convention" previous to its final organization; in the Thirty-ninth Congress served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, on Coinage, Weights and Measures, and Ways and Means. Wing-, Austin E.; was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan from 1828 to 1832; re sided at Monroe, and was for many years a leading man in all its local affairs. Died at Cleveland Ohio August 25, 1849. Wing, E. Rumsey ; was born in Kentucky in 1845; well educated; adopted the profession of the law; from 186!) to* 1874 was Minister Resident to Ecuador. Died in Quito, October 11, 1874. He acquitted himself with great credit in South America and was especially noticed by S. S. Cox, in a speech on the floor of Congress, for his ability and usefulness. Wingard, Samuel Cyrus ; was born in Hunt ingdon County, Pennsylvania, six miles west of Hunt ingdon, the County Seat, August 6, 1825; received a classical education, graduating from Dickinson Col lege in 1847; taught in an academy at Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, for two years; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1851, and engaged in practice; served two terms as a Representative in the State Legislature; removed to Washington Territory in 1870; in 1872 was appointed United States Attorney for that Territory; in 1875 was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory, and continued in that position by re-appointment. Wingate, Joseph F.; was born in Massachu setts; was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1818 and 1819; was Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine, from 1820 to 1824; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1825 and 1826; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Maine from 1827 to 1831. Wingate, Paine ; was born at Amesbury, Mas sachusetts, May 14, 1739; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1759; was ordained as a Congregational Minister at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, in 1763; afterwards removed to Stratham, and engaged in agricultural pursuits; was appointed a member of Congress under the Confederation in 1787; after the adoption of the Constitution was elected a member of the United States Senate, in 1789, and served un til 1793, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, serving until 1795; in 1798 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and continued in office until May, 1809, when he at tained the age of seventy; survived all others who were members of the United States Senate at the time of his taking his seat in that body upon its tirst organization, and was, for some years, the oldest graduate of his college; was a man of talents and extensive information, highly esteemed and respected for his character and his honorable and useful life. Died at Stratham, New Hampshire, March 7, 1838. Winslow, Warren ; was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, January 1, 1810; entered Chapel Hill University, and graduated in 1827; havingstud- ied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the bar; in 1854 was appointed, by President Pierce, a confiden tial agent to Madrid, on business connected with the Black Warrior affair; during his absence abroad was nominated for the Senate of North Carolina; was elected a member thereof, and placed in the chair of Speaker; while in that position, Governor Reid was elected to the United States Senate, and the duties of Governor devolved upon, and were performed by, Mr. Winslow; was elected to the Thirty-fourth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and on the Library, and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States; was offered, by President Buchanan, the mission to Sardinia, bat declined it. Died at Fayetteville in 1863. Winston, Frederick H.; was born in Liberty County, Georgia, November 20, 1830; removed, with his parents, to Kentucky, in 1836; was educated in private schools; in 1848, his parents having died, re turned to Georgia and commenced the study of law at Greensboro, in that State; afterwards entered tho Law Department of Harvard University, at Cam- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 555 bridge, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1852; then studied law in the office of Hon. William M. Evarts, in New York City; was admitted to the bar there in April, 1853, and settled at Chicago, Illi nois, in the practice of law; was, for fourteen years. Commissioner of Lincoln Park in Chicago, by ap pointment of the Governor of Illinois; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Persia; remained at his post about eight months, when he resigned and resumed the practice of his profession at Chicago. "Winston, John A.; was Governor of Alabama from 1853 to 1857. "Winston, Joseph ; was born in Virginia, in 1746; in 1760 joined a company of rangers, and marched to the frontier of the State; in a battle on the Greenbrier, was twice wounded, and had a horse killed under him; had a pension granted him by the Legislature, for his gallantry in battle; in 1766 re moved to North Carolina; took an active part in the Revolution; raised a regiment, and marched against the Cherokee Indians; was appointed a Major in 1776, and had various actions with the forces of the Tories; commanded the right wing of the American troops in the battle of King s Mountain, and for his bravery had a sword voted to him by the Legisla ture; was elected to Congress in 1792, and again in 1803, and served until 1807; was a Presidential Elector in 1801. Winter, Elisha J.; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Winthrop, Robert O.; was born in Boston, Massachusetts, May 12, 1801); graduated at Harvard College in 1828; studied law with Daniel Webster; entered the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1835, and was Speaker of the House from 1838 to 1840; was a member of the United States House of Represent atives, from 1840 to 1842, when he resigned on ac count of domestic circumstances, but was re-elected the same year, and continued in that body until 1850; was Speaker during the Congress commencing in 1847; was appointed to the Senate of the United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna tion of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to 1851 ; was President of the Electoral College of Massachu setts which voted for General Scott; was President of the Historical Society of Massachusetts, and other literary and charitable associations; also President of the Commissioners chosen by the City of Boston for building a Public Library; delivered the Inau gural of the Franklin Statue in 1856, and also that of the Washington Monument in 1848; subsequently published a "Memoir of Nathan Appletou," and the " Life and Letters of John Winthrop "; in 1866 was chosen a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention," but did not take part in its proceedings. "Wirt, William ; was born in Bladensburg, Maryland, November 8, 1772, of Swiss and German parents; obtained his early education at private schools; was, for a time, a private tutor; studied law, and came to the bar in 1794, practicing at Cul- pepper, Virginia; in 1799 was chosen Clerk of the House of Delegates; in 1802 appointed Chancellor of the Eastern District of Virginia; in 1803 settled in Norfolk, and wrote the " British Spy "; in 1806 set- 1 tied in Richmond; in 1812 wrote "The Old Bach elor," and in 1817 the " Life of Patrick Henry "; in 1816 was appointed, by President Madison, Attorney of the United States for the District of Virginia; in 1817 was appointed Attorney-General of the United States, holding his office until 1829. after which he settled in Baltimore; in 1824 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard College; he oc- cupied a high rank as a public man and a citizen. Died at Baltimore, Maryland, February 18, 1834. Wise, George D.; was born in Accomac County, Virginia, in 1835; graduated at Indiana University; adopted the profession of the law; served in the Con federate Army as a Captain during the War of the Rebellion; was Commonwealth Attorney of Rich mond, Virginia, from 1870 to 1880, when he resigned; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty -seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses; was re- elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Wise, Henry, A.; was born in Drnmmondtown, Accomac County, Virginia, December 3, 1806; grad uated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, at the age of nineteen; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Winchester, Virginia, in 1828; the same year removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and practiced his profession for two years, when, from local attach ment, he returned to Accomac; became a Represent ative in Congress, serving from 1833 to 1844, when he resigned his seat for the mission to Brazil, which post he occupied until the fall of 1847; in 1843 was appointed Minister to France, and resigned his seat in Congress, but the Senate did not confirm him and he was immediately returned to Congress; in 1848 was one of the Presidential Electors of Virginia; in 1850 was a member of the Reform Convention of Virginia, which adopted the present Constitution qf the State; in 1852 was again a Presidential Elec tor; in 1855 was elected Governor of Virginia, which, office he held until I860; served in the great Rebel lion as a Brigadier-General. Wise, John S.; was born in Rio Janeiro, Brazil, : where his father at the time filled the position of | United States Minister, December 25, 1846; received a I classical education at the Virginia Military Institute; I was one of the Cadets of that institution who. during the Civil War, were engaged in the battle of New market, where he was wounded ; studied law at the University of Virginia; was admitted to the bar in 1867, and engaged in the practice of law; was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Forty-eighth Congress. Wise, Morgan B.; was born at West Bethle hem, Pennsylvania, June 7, 1830; received a limifed education; taught school ; in 1850 crossed the plains* to California, and engaged in mining there; return ing to Pennsylvania entered Waynesburg College, and graduated in 1856; was a Representative in the State Legislature from 1874 to 1878; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Wise, Tully B.; was born in Virginia; in 1842 was appointed First Auditor of the Treasury, remain ing in that office until 1844. Wisner, Henry ; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Wisner, Moses ; was born in Aurelius, Cayuga County, New York, in 1818; received a good educa tion; removed to Michigan in 1839, and settled upon a farm near the town of Atlas, Lapeer County; in about a year afterwards removed to Poutiac, and studied law, coming to the bar in 1842; in 1843 was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for Lapeer County; in 1844 resumed the practice of his profession, and ) continued in it until 1858, when he was elected Gov- 556 BIOGRAPHICAL ANKALS. ernor of the State; was a candidate for Circuit Judge iu 1832 but was defeated; took little interest in pol itics; was a man of fine mind, and a most worthy citizen: in 1862 was appointed a Colonel in the Vol unteer Armv, and was assigned to the command of the Twenty-second Michigan Regiment; while on his way to the seat of war, was prostrated by sickness in Lexington, Kentucky, where he died, January o, 1863. Witcher, John S.; was born in Cabell County, Virginia, July 15, 1839; was reared on a iarm; re ceived a common school education; in 1861 was elected Clerk of the Cabell County Circuit Court; en tered the Volunteer Army, in 18i, as a Lieutenant, and rose by degrees to the rank of Brigadier-General, serving to the end of the war; in 1865 was elected to the State Legislature; in 1866,. Secretary of State; in 1868 was elected a Representative from West Vir ginia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, and Revolutionary Claims, Witherell, James; was born in Vermont; re ceived a limited education; adopted the profession of the law; from 1798 to 1803 was a member of the State Legislature; two years a County Judge; a State Councilor from 1803 to 1807; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont during the years 1807 and 1808; in the latter year was appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Michigan, where he long resided and died; he was a man of strong native powers of mind. Withers, Robert E.; was born in Campbell County, Virginia, September 18, 1821 ; was educated at a private academy and the University of Virginia; graduated in medicine in 1841, and began to practice in Danville, Virginia: at the breaking out of the Civil War entered the service as Major, when Virginia passed the ordinance of secession, and was made Colonel of the Eighteenth Virginia Regiment in 1861 ; was severely wounded in the battles around Rich mond in 1862; subsequently commanded the military post at Danville, which was surrendered to the Sixth Army Corps in May; was never a candidate for any public office until after the war; in 1866 removed to Lynchburg and edited the News until 186S; was nomi nated Governor, but withdrew in favor of Governor Walker; was Presidential Elector for the State at Large in 1873; was elected Lientenant-Governor in 18T3, and United States Senator for six years from March 4, 1875. "Withers, T. I.; was reputed to be one of the ablest jurists in the South; was, for a long time, Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina. Died at Sumterville, in that State, December 8, 1865. Witherspoon, John; was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, February 5, 1722, and was a lineal descend ant of John Knox; graduated at the University of Edinburgh in his twenty-first year, and was licensed as a preacher, assisting his father, who was also a preacher; in 1746, while witnessing the battle of Falkirk, was arrested and imprisoned; after his re lease, he declined a number of calls from all parts ol the kingdom, but in 1766, through the influence of Richard Stockton, was elected President of Princeton College, and came to America; in this new sphere he was eminently successful; at the commencement ol the Revolution, espoused the American cause, and took an active part on committees and in conven tions; vvas> a member of the first " Constitutional Con vention " of New Jersey in 1776; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1782, and signed ,he Articles of Confederation; served in the Legisla te, and at the same time frequently occupied the pulpit; revisited Scotland in 1782, and on his return ; etired to private life. Died at Princeton, November L5, 1794. He left numerous literary, political, and theological writings; was distinguished as an orator, and left a name that will be always affectionately re membered by the people of his adopted State. Witherspoon, Robert; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1809 to 1811. Withey, Solomon L.; was born at St. Albans, Vermont, April 21, 1820; removed to Ohio in 1835, where he obtained a good English education; in 1838 removed to Michigan, and located at Grand Rapids; in 1839 began the study of law; came to the bar in 1844, and continued in practice until 18:J3; in 1H48 was elected Judge of Probate, and held the office four years; in 1860 was elected to the State Senate, and took an active part in promoting effective legis lation for putting down the Rebellion ; was appointed, by President Lincoln. United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan ; in December, 1869, received, from President Grant, a commission as Judge of the Sixth United States Judicial Circuit, but declined it; for that position was warmly sup ported by the leading members of the bar in Michi gan and Northern Ohio, of all political parties, and that fact alone made him reluctant to decline; was also President of the First National Bank of Grand Rapids. Died April 25, 1886. Witte, William H.; was born in New Jersey; having settled iu Pennsylvania, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. Wolcott, Oliver ; was the son of Roger Wol- cott, an early Governor of Connecticut, and was born November 26, 1726; graduated at Yale College in his twenty-first year; was immediately commissioned to command a company to defend the frontier; after ward studied medicine; iu 1751 was chosen Sheriff of Litchfield County; in 1774 was appointed Coun selor, and held the office twelve years; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1778, and from 1780 to 1784; as a military man he rose to the grade of Major-General, and was present at the cap ture of Burgoyne, in 1775 was appointed Commis sioner of Indian Affairs for the Northern Department; iu 1785 was associated with Lee and Butler in nego tiating a treaty with the Six Nations; in 1786 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, holding the office ten years; was Governor of Connecticut from 1796 until his death, which occurred in Decem ber, 1797, lamented by all who knew him. Wolf, George ; was born in Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1777; after pursuing a course of classical education in his own county, studied law, became eminent, and engaged in a lucrative practice; in 1818 was elected a member of the Legislature of his native State; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, from 1824 to 1829; was Governor of that State from 1829 to 1835; in 1836 was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury; was subsequently appointed Collector of Customs at Philadelphia, in which city he died of an affection of the heart, March 14, 1840. Wolf, William P.; was born iu Stark County, Ohio, December 1, 1833; received a common school BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 557 education; studied law, and removed to Iowa in 185G; was admitted to the bar in 1859; was Superin tendent of Common Schools; was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1863 and 1864; entered the army as Captain of Infantry; was se verely wounded in Tennessee; was re-elected to the State House of Representatives; was Assistant As sessor of Internal Revenue in 1865; was elected to the State Senate in 1867; was elected a Representa tive from Iowa to the Forty-first Congress to fill a vacancy. Wolfe, Simeon K.; was born in Floyd County, Indiana, February 14, 1824; graduated in the Law Department of the University of Indiana in 1850, and engaged in the practice of law; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1856; was elected to the State Senate in 1860, rind served four years; was a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Democratic National Con vention in 1860; was Colonel of the Indiana Militia in 1861; was editor and proprietor of the Corydon Democrat from 1857 to 1865; in 1870 removed to New Albany; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Railroads and Canals. Wolford, Frank D.; was born in Adair County, Kentucky, September 2, 1817; received a common school education; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of his profession ; was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1847, 1848, 1865, and 1866; was Colonel of the First Ken tucky Cavalry from 1861 to 1864; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 and 1868; was Adjutant-General of the State of Kentucky in 1867 and 1868; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Con gress. "Wood, Abiel ; was a distinguished merchant of Wiscasset, Massachusetts; from 1807 to 1811, and in 1816, was a member of the State Legislature; was a member of Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815; was a member of the " Constitutional Conven tion" of 1819; was a State Councilor in 1820 and 1821. Died at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834, aged sixty-two years. Wood, Alan ; was born at Philadelphia, Penn sylvania, July 6, 1834; resided there until seventeen years of age, when he graduated at the Polytechnic institute of that city; took charge of the " Delaware Iron Works" of his father, and was there six years; removed to Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, and as sisted in building the original mill of the " Schuyl- kill Iron Works"; became interested in the two com panies; was President of the First National Bank of Conshohocken; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. Wood, Amos B.; was born in Jefferson County, New York, in 1810; in 1825 removed, with his father, to Portage County, Ohio; in 18:53 settled per manently in Woodville, Sandusky County; twice represented his district in the lower branch of the Legislature, and once for the term of two years in the State Senate; was elected a Representative in Con gress from Ohio from 1850 to 1852; filled the unex- pired term of R. Dickinson; the farm upon which he lived and died was cleared by his own hands. Died in Fort Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. Wood, Benjamin ; was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, October 13, 1820; received a common school education; removed to New York City; pub- Jished and edited the Daily News newspaper; was a State Senator in 18(56 and 1867; was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, and Forty-seventh Congresses. Wood, Bradford R. ; was born in Connecticut; was well educated, and adopted the profession of the law; removed to Albany, New York; was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847; in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Denmark. Wood, Fernando ; was born in Philadelphia, of Quaker parentage, June 14, 1812; removed to New York, with his father, in 1820; early turned his at tention to the shipping business, in which he was- eminently successful, and from which he retired in 1850; in 1840 was elected a Representative from New York to the Twenty-seventh Congress; in 1854 was elected Mayor of New York, and was re-elected to the same position, serving five years; was also elected to the Thirty-eighth, Fortieth, Forty -first, Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on many important committees; in 1875 his friends pro posed that he should be a candidate for Speaker, but he declined the honor; was re-elected to the Forty- fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Died at Washing ton, February 20, 1881. Wood, George T.; was appointed Major of Georgia Three Months Volunteers in the Creek War in 1836; was Colonel of the Second Texas Regiment of Mounted Volunteers in the Mexican War, and was distinguished at the storming of Monterey; was afterwards member of the Texas Congress, and was Governor of Texas from 1847 to 1849. Died on Trinity River, Texas, September 5, 1858. Wood, James; was a native of Virginia; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1776; was a Colonel of the Virginia Militia in 1776; was Lieutenant-Governor and a member of the Exec utive Council; was Governor of the State from 1796 to 1799; a county in Virginia was named for him, to commemorate his patriotic services. Wood, John; was born in Philadelphia in 1816; was educated for the counting room, in which he had an experience of twenty-five years, devoting himself chiefly to the manufacture of iron; never held any public position but that of Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress Iroin Pennsylvania, to which he was elected contrary to his wishes, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Wood, John J.; was a Representative in Con gress from New York from 1827 to 1829. Wood, John M.; was born in Minnisink, Orange County, New York, November 18, 1813; re ceived a good common school education; was a mem ber of the Legislature of Maine; was, for years, oc cupied as a constructor of railroads and other public works; in 1854 was elected a Representative from Maine in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Died in Boston, December 24, 1864. Wood, Joseph ; entered the Revolutionary Army as Major of Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and was sent to Canada, July 4, 1776; rose to the rank of Colonel during that year; was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779; Diedjn March, 1789. Wood, Reuben ; was born in Rutland County, Vermont, in 1792; served as Captain of the Vermont Volunteers in the war of 1812; after the war removed to Cleveland. Ohio, and settled there in 1817, to practice law; was a member of the State Senate from 1825 to 1828; was made President Judge of the Third 558 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. District of the State in 1830, serving until 1833, when he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio; continued to hold that office until 1845; was chosen Governor of Ohio for the term beginning in 1850 and ending in 1853; in 1852 was proposed by some of his Democratic friends as a suitable candidate for the Presidency; was appointed United States Consul to Valparaiso in 1853; resigned that office at the end of eighteen months, and returned to his adopted State. Died at Rockport, Ohio, October 2, 1864. "Wood, Silas ; was born in Suffolk County, New York; graduated at Princeton College in 1789; was the author of a "History of Long Island;" was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1829. Died at Huntington, Suffolk County, Long Island, March 2, 1847, aged seventy-eight years. Wood, Thomas J. ; was born in Athens County. Ohio, September 30, 1844; was reared on a farm; taught school for two years; studied law; graduated from the Law Department of Ann Arbor University in 1867; settled in Indiana in the successful practice of his profession; was elected Prosecuting Attorney fora term of two years, and was re-elected; was a State Senator for four years; was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Forty-eighth Congress, in every instance overcoming large opposition major ities. "Wood, "Walter A.; was born at Mason, New Hampshire, October 23, 1815; received a common school education; removed to New York and engaged largely in manufacturing; was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Forty-sixth and Forty- seventh Congresses. Woodbridge, Frederick B.; was born in Ver- gennes, Vermont. August 29, 1818; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842; served three years in the State Legislature, two years in the State Senate, three years as State Auditor; in 1863 was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary; was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and Private Land Claims; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists Convention " of 1866; was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on the Pay of Officials of Congress. Woodbridge, "William ; was born in Norwich, Connecticut, August 20, 1780; his father becoming one of the earliest emigrants to the Northwest Terri tory, removed to Marietta in 1791; received his earliest education in Connecticut; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in Ohio in 1806; in 1807 was elected to the Assem bly of Ohio; in 1808 was Prosecuting Attorney for his county, which office he held until 1814; during the same period was also a member of the State Sen ate; in 1814 received, from President Madison, unex pectedly, the appointment of Secretary of the Terri tory of Michigan, and removed to Detroit; in 1819 was elected the first Delegate from Michigan to Con gress, where he was very active in promoting the in terests of his constituents; in 1828 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan Territory, and held the office four years; in 1835 was a member of the Convention called to form a State Constitu tion; in 1837 was elected to the State Senate of Mich igan; in 1839 was chosen Governor of the State; was a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1847; was a work ing member 011 many important committees, and his reports and speeches were numerous; Daniel Web ster, in a note to his speech in defense of the Ash- burton Treaty, attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first suggestion that was ever made to him of insert ing, in that treaty, a provision for the surrender of fugitives, under certain circumstances, upon the de mand of foreign governments; for many years before his death he lived in retirement at Detroit. Died October 20, 1831. In 1867 a small volume was pub lished, entitled the " Life of William Woodbridge," from the pen of the compiler of this work. Woodburn, William; was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, in 1833 ; was a student at St. Charles College, Maryland, for four years; emigrated to California in 1855; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1865; was District-Attorney of Storey County in 1871 and 1872; was elected a Representa tive from Nevada to the Forty-fourth Congress for the State at Large; in 1884 was elected to the Forty- ninth Congress. Woodbury, Levi ; was born in Francestown, New Hampshire, December 22, 1789; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1810; attended the Law School at Litchfield, continued to study law in Boston, Ex eter, and Francestown, and entered upon the prac tice in 1812, in which he was successful; in 1816 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hamp shire, and in 1819 settled in Portsmouth; in 1823 was elected Governor of New Hampshire; was Speak er of the State House of Representatives in 1825; was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831; was ap pointed, by President Jackson, Secretary of the Navy, in 1831; was transferred to the Treasury Department, as Secretary, in 1834, by President Van Buren, and served until 1841; was again a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; was tendered the appointment of Min ister to England, but declined it; received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth College and the Wesleyaii University of Connecticut, and was a member of vari ous literary societies. Died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 7, 1851. Woodcock, David; was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; was a member of the New York Assembly from Seneca County in 1814 and 1815, and from Tompkins County in 1826; was a Rep resentative in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1829. Woodruff, G-eorge C.; was born in Litchfield. Connecticut, December 1, 1805; graduated at Yale College in 125; studied law at the Litchfield School, and came to the bar in 1827; was, for fourteen years, Postmaster of Litchfield; was a Clerk and Represent ative in the State Legislature; was, for years, Presi dent of a bank; was a Judj^e of Probate for several years; in 1861 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Woodruff, John; was born in Hartford, Con necticut, February 12, 1826; was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1854; in 1855 was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty- fourth Congress; was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; subsequently held the position of Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of New Haven, in which city he died May 20, 1868. Woodruff, Lewis B.; was born in Litchfield, Connecticut. June 19, 1H()<). and was the son of Gen eral Morris Woodruff; graduated at Yale College in BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 559 1830; studied law at the Law School of his native town ; settled in New York City, and was associated with Willis Hall and George Wood in the practice of his profession; in 1849 was elected to the Bench of Common Pleas; in 1855 was transferred to that of the Superior Court; after the close of his term, re sumed the practice of law; in 1868 was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1869 was appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the Second Circuit. Died at Litchfield, September 10, 1875. "Woodruff, Thomas M.; was a resident of New York City; was a furniture dealer by occupation; was a member of Congress from 1845 to 1847. Died some years ago. "Woods, George L.; was Governor of Oregon from 1866 to 1870. "Woods, Henry ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1790 to 1803. "Woods, John ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1794; removed, with his father, to Ohio in his infancy; was admitted to the bar in 1819; settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a high stand in his profession; in 1824 was elected to Con gress and served two terms; in 1829 became the ed itor and publisher of the Hamilton Intelligencer, and so continued until 1832, when he returned to his profession, which he successfully practiced until 1815, when he was elected auditor of the State, which office he held for two terms; while Auditor he did much to preserve the credit of the State. Died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 30, 1855. "Woods, John ; was a Representative in Con gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817. "Woods, John; was Governor of Illinois for a part of the years 1860 and 1861. "Woods, "W. B.; was born in Newark, Ohio; graduated at Yale College in 1845; studied law, and began the practice in 1847; in 1857 was elected to the Ohio Legislature and made Speaker; was re-elected to the same body in 1859; in 1861 went into the mil itary service as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventy- sixth Ohio Infantry; served until the close of the war and was mustered out with the rank of Briga dier-General and Brevet Major-General; was mus tered out of service in Alabama, where he remained ; in 1868 was chosen a State Chancellor for six years; after serving as such two years, was appointed Cir cuit Judge of the United States for the Fifth Circuit, residing in Mobile; in 1881 was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. "Woods, "William ; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825, and a member of the State Assembly from Steuben County in 1828. "Woods, "William Allan ; was born near Farm- ington, Marshall county, Tennessee, May 16, 1837; removed, with his stepfather, to Davis County, Iowa, in 1847; received an academic training, and gradu ated from Wabash College in 1855; during the suc ceeding year was Tutor in that institution; in 1860 removed to Marion, Indiana, where he taught school and studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1831; in 1862 removed to Goshen, Indiana, where he prac ticed his profession successfully; in 1867 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature; in 1873 was elected Judge of the Thirty -fourth Judicial Cir cuit, and served, by re-election, until 1881, wheu he was elected Judge of the State Supreme Court; was soon after made Chief Justice of that Court; in 1883 was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Indiana, and removed to Indianapolis. "Woodside, Jonathan F.; was a citizen of Ohio; in 1835 was appointed Charge d Affaires to Denmark, where he remained until 1841. Woodson, Samuel H.; was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815; graduated at Centre College; became a lawyer; was a member of the Missouri General Assembly in 1853 and 1854; was a member of the " Constitutional Convention" of Missouri in 1855 ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs; was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. "Woodson, Samuel H.; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1821 to 1825. "Woodson, Silas; was Governor of Missouri from 1873 to 1875. Wood-ward, Augustus B.; was a native of Virginia; emigrated to Michigan in 1805; was ap pointed a Judge of the Territory, which honorable position he held until 1824; was the author of a "Code of Laws," which bears his name ; in 1824 was appointed a Judge for the Territory of Florida, and died there after a service of three years. He was the man who, in 1812, had a resolution adopted in the Legislature prohibiting the wearing of apparel made from English goods. The colleagues of Judge Wood ward on the bench were Frederick Bates and John Griffin, in regard to whom the writer has been un able to obtain any biographic particulars. We have seen it stated that Judge Woodward, in conjunction with John Steward and William W. Harwood, founded the town of Ypsilanti in 1825; but, if he went to Florida iu 1824, the statement cannot be true. "Woodward, George W.; was born in Beth any, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1809; received an academic education ; studied and practiced law; was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1837; in 1841 was appointed President Judge of the Fourth Judicial District, and held the office ten years; in 1852 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and held the position for nearly sixteen years; was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Mines and. Mining, Revision of the Laws of the United States, Private Land Claims, Reconstruction, and the Li brary; was a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868. "Woodward, Gilbert M.; was born at Washing ton, District of Columbia, December 25, 1835: re ceived a common school education; engaged in the printing business from 1850 to 1860; in the latter year removed to Wisconsin and settled at La Crosse; studied law, and was admitted to practice; entered the Union Army in 1862 and served until the close of the war, in 1865; resumed the practice of law at La Crosse; was District Attorney of La Crosse County for eight years; was, at different times, Al derman, Mayor, and City Attorney of La Crosse; was a Delegate to the National Convention of the National Liberal party in 1872, and to the Demo cratic National Convention in 1880; was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Forty-eighth Congress. 560 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. "Woodward, Joseph A.; was bora in South Carolina; was a Kepreseatative in Congress from that State from 1643 to 1847. Woodward, William; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1815 to 1817. Woodworth, JsftnesH.; was born December 4, 1804, in Greenwich, Washington County, New York; lived on a farm until twenty-one years of age; received a limited education at the schools in the vicinity, and removed to Fabius, Onondaga County, New York; taught a village school for a few months; then engaged in mercantile business; in 1827 went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, residing there four years; removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1833; in 1839 was elected to the State Senate; in 1842 was a mem ber of the Lower House; from 1845 to 1850 was con nected with the city government of Chicago, being two years Mayor; was a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Woodworth, Laurin D.; was born in Wind- ham, Ohio, September 10, 1837; was educated at Hiram College; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practiced law at Ravenna, Ohio; was a Major in the army in the war for the Union ; was elected to the Senate of Ohio in 1867 and 1869; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on the Interior Department and Manufactures; was re flected to the Forty-fourth Congress. Woodworth, William W.; was born in Con necticut; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847. Worcester, Samuel T.; was born in Hollis, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, August 30, 1804; graduated at Cambridge University in 1830; ibr two years was a Preceptor at the Waymouth Academy, Massachusetts; studied law at Cambridge, and came to the bar in 1834; went to Ohio that year, and settled at Norwalk in the practice of his profes sion; in 1848 and 1849 was elected to the State Sen ate; in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas, which position he held until elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty -seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on Elections, Ac counts, and Agriculture. Word, Thomas J.; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi from 1838 to 1839. "Worman, Ludwig ; was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania; was a tanner by occupation; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1820 to 1822. Died in 1822. Wortendyke, Jacob R.; was born at Chestnut Ridge, in the Township of Harrington, Bergen County, New Jersey, November 27, 1818; graduated at Rutgers College in 1839; was, for several years, teacher of the classics and mathematics; commenced the study of law in 1849, and was admitted to the bar in 1852; was Alderman of Jersey City, where he practiced law; was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures; was a Dele gate to the New York Convention of 1868. Died in Jersey City, New Jer-ey, November 7, 1868. Worth, Jonathan; was born in 1797; served in the Legislature of North Carolina from 1829 to 1834; when the Nullification excitement arose, took an active part, and introduced into the House a reso lution in its condemnation; when the Rebellion commenced, in 1861, was again found advocating the Union cause, but declined to take any active part in public affairs; was Governor of North Carolina from 1865 to 18o9. Died at Raleigh, September 5, 1869. Worthington, H. G-.; was born in Cumberland, Maryland, February 9, 1828; received an academic education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1851 - f in that year removed to California, and settled in the practice of his profession in Tuolumme Cqjmty, where he remained until 1856; subsequently spent some time in Central America and Mexico, arid then resumed his profession in California; in 1861 was elected to the State Legislature from the city and county of San Francisco; in 18(52 removed to the Territory of Nevada, and settled in Austin; on the admission of Nevada as a State, was elected the first Representative therefrom, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress; in 1868 was appointed Minister to Uruguay. . Worthington, John T. H.; was born in Mary land; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1837 to 1841. Worthington, Nicholas E.; was born in Brooke County, West Virginia, March 30, 1835; graduated from Allegheny College, Meadville, Penn sylvania, in 1855; removed to Illinois, and settled at Peoria; was County Superintendent of Schools from 1864 to 1872; engaged in the practice of law at Peoria; was a member of the State Board of Public Instruction from 1868 to 1872; was elected a Repre sentative from Illinois to the Forty-eighth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth Congress. Worthingbon, Thomas; was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, about 1769; emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Ross County in 1798; in 1803 was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention "; was a Senator in Congress from Ohio, from 1S03 to 1807, and again from 1810 to 1814, when he resigned; from 1814 to 1818 was Governor of Ohio; after his retirement from that office was appointed a member of the first Board of Canal Commissioners, in which capacity he served until his death, which occurred in 1827. Worthing-ton, Thomas C.; was born in Prince George County. M iryland; was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Died June 19, 1827. Wren, Thomas ; was born at McArthurstown, Ohio, January 2, 1826; received a common school education; studied and practiced law; was Deputy Clerk of El Dorado County, California, in 1855, 185 i, and 1857; City Attorney of Austin. Nevada, in 1874, 875, and 1876; was a Representative in the Nevada Legislature in 1875; was elected a Representative from Nevada to the Forty-fifth Congress. Wright, Augustus B.; was born at Wrights- borough, Columbia County, Georgia, June 16, 1813; commenced his education at a grammar school; after wards entered Franklin College, but left in the latter part of the junior year without graduating; was a lawyer by profession; at the age of twenty-nine was elected Circuit Judge; resigned before the expiration, of the second term, and was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Coirgress, serving as a, member of the Committee on the District of Colum bia; took part in the Rebellion. Wright, Carroll D.; was born at Dunbarton, New Hampshire, July 25, 1840; attended the acade mies at Washington, Alstead. and Chester, Vermont; BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 561 began the study of law at Keene, New Hampshire, and continued it at Dedham and Boston, Massa chusetts; in August, 1862, while on a visit to Keene, New Hampshire, enlisted in the Union Army and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant; in the fall of 1863 was appointed Adjutant of his regiment; was promoted Assistant Adjutant-General; at the close of General Sheridan s campaign in the Sheuaudoah Val ley, was commissioned Colonel; after the close of the Civil War resumed the study of law at Keene. New Hampshire; was admitted to the bar there in October, 1865, and engaged in the practice of law; iu 1867 es tablished himself in Boston, Massachusetts, in the practice of his profession, residing at Heading, near that city; in 1871 was elected a State Senator of Massachusetts; was re-elected in 1872; in 1873 was appointed, by the Governor, Chief of the .Massa chusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor; in 1879 de livered a course of lectures before the Lowell Insti tute, in Boston; in 1880 was Supervisor of the United States Census for the District of Massachusetts; in 1881 was chosen University Lecturer at Harvard College on the factory system; in January, 1885, was appointed, by President Arthur, Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Labor, at Washington. "Wright, Daniel B.; was born in Tennessee; was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi from 1 853 to 1857. Wright, Ed-win R. V.; was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, January 2, 1812; received an academic education; adopted the trade of a printer, and, as early as 1835, edited and published a newspaper called the Jersey Blue; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839; in 1843 was elected to the State Senate, and was a leading advocate of the present free school system of the State; in 1851 was appointed District Attorney for Hudson County, and held the office for five years; was also a Major-General of Militia for several years, commanding the Second Division of the State; in 1859 was the candidate of the Democratic party for the office of Governor, but was defeated by a small majority; was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, and the Special Com mittee on the death of President Lincoln. Died in Jersey City, January 19, 1871. "Wright, George C.; was born in Bloomingtou, Indiana, March 24, 1820; graduated at the State Uni versity in 1839; read law with his brother, Joseph A. Wright; removed to Iowa in 1840; served as Prose cuting Attorney in 1847; was elected to the State Senate in 1849; in 1854 was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State; was elected to the same office by the people in 1860 and 1865; was a Professor in the Law Department of the State Uni versity for six years, from 1865; was elected to the United States Senate for the term commencing in 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Finance, Judiciary, and Civil Service. Wright, George H. ; was born in Concord, Mas sachusetts, June 4, 1817; passed seven years on a farm; settled in Boston as a merchant in 1832; was connected with the Boston Conner for two years, from 1837, after which he settled in Nantucket in the whaling business; went to California in 1849; was a Representative in Congress from that State during the years 1850 and 1851. Wright, Hendrick B.; was born in Luzerue County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1808; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831; in 1834 was appointed Deputy At- 36 torney-General for Lnzerne Connty; was elected to the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842; was re-elected in 1843, and was made Speaker of the House; was a member of all the National Democratic Conventions between 1840 and 1860, and of that Convention which nominated Mr. Polk for President was the presiding officer; in 1852 was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-third Congress; was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George W. Scranton, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs; was again a Representative in the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses. Died September 2, 1881. Wright, John C.; was born in 1783; attained eminence as a lawyer, and early rose to the Supreme Bench of Ohio; his Law Reports are a part of all good libraries in the Western States; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1829; was, for many years, the owner and editor of the Cin cinnati Gazette; took an active part, as Delegate from Ohio, in the "Peace Congress" of February, 1861. Died in Washington, before the adjournment of that body, on the 13th of that month. W right, John V.; was born in McNairy County, Tennessee, June 28, 1828; was a lawyer by profes sion; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from his native State, and was a member of the Committees on Rev olutionary Pensions and Expenditures in the War Department; was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. WYight, Joseph A.; was born in Pennsylvania, April 17, 1810; when a boy removed to Indiana with his parents, and became janitor in the Univers ity of that State, enjoying, at the same time, the privileges of a student; studied law, and came to the bar in 1829; in 1833 was elected to the State Leg islature; in 1840 was elected to the State Senate; from 1843 to 1845 was a Representative in Congress; was Governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1857; during the latter year was appointed, by President Buchan an, Minister to Prussia; in 1862 was appointed a Senator in Congress in place of J. D. Bright, serving one session; in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to attend the Hamburg Ex hibition; in 1865 was appointed, by President John son, for the second time. Minister to Prussia. Died in Berlin, March 11, 1867. "Wright, Robert ; was born in Kent County, Maryland; was a Senator in Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806, when he resigned; was, at one time, member of the State Executive Council; was Governor of Maryland from 1806 to 1809; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1810 to 1817; was re-elected for the term from 1821 to 1823. Died September 7, 1826. Wright, Samuel G-.; was born in 1787; at the time of his death was a member-elect of Congress from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jer sey, July 30, 1845. Wright, Silas ; was born at Amherst, Massa chusetts. May 24, 1795; worked upon his father s farm in Vermont, in the summer, and attended school in the winter; entered college in August, 1811, and graduated at Middlebury College in 1815; read law in Washington County, New York, teaching school one or two winters to aid in defraying his expenses; in 1819 settled in the practice of the law at Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York, where he continued 562 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. his residence until his death; was soon made a Mag istrate and Postmaster of his town, and Surrogate of his county; early raised a uniformed militia rifle company, of which he was unanimously chosen Cap tain, from which position he rose to be Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became a Brigadier-General of In- fantiy in 1827; was elected to the State Senate in November, 1823, and served until March 4, 1827, when he resigned that office, having been elected to Congress in November, 1826; took his seat in Con gress in December, 1827; was re-elected in Novem ber, 1828; having been elected State Comptroller, January 27, 1829, resigned his seat in Congress be fore serving out his term ; while in Congress served as a member of the Committee on Manufactures, and took an active part in the tariff investigations and discussions of 1828; served as Comptroller from the time of his election until he was chosen United States Senator, in the early part of January, 1833, when he immediately took his seat in the Senate; was re-elected in February, 1837, and again in Feb ruary, 1843, and continued to serve until December, 1844, when he resigned; in November, 1844, was elected Governor of New York, and entered upon his duties January 1, 1845; in 1847 retired to private life, devoting himself to the cultivation of his farm, and enjoying the society of his early friends and neighbors; while in the United States Senate he served most of his time on the Committee on Finance, and introduced the first Sub-Treasury bill, which became a law; President Tyler offered him a seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court, which he de clined ; by other Presidents he was offered seats in their cabinets and missions abroad, all of which he refused; his last labor, for the public was the prepar ation of an address for the State Agricultural Society, which, having been finished, was read to that body a short time after his death, by his friend, General Dix; he appeared twice in the Supreme Court of the United States to argue cases of high importance, and established in that tribunal a high reputation as a lawyer. On August 27, 1847, died suddenly at his residence in Canton. "Wright, Turbett ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1782. "Wright, "William; was born in Clarkstown, Rockland County, New York, in 1794; learned the business of a saddler when a boy, and followed it for seven years, at Bridgeport, Connecticut; removed to Newark, New Jersey, in 1823; was elected Mayor of that city in the years 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1843; was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey from 1843 to 1847; was a candidate for Governor in 1848, but was defeated; in 1853 was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and that on the Contingent Expenses of the Senate; in 1863 was again elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Manu factures, Public Lands, and Revolutionary Claims. Died in Newark, New Jersey, November 1, 1866. "Wurtz, John ; was born in Morris County, New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1813; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1827. Died in Rome, Italy, April 23, 1861. Wyohe, James B.; was born in Mississippi; re moved to Michigan; was appointed from that State an Associate Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at Vancouver. Wylie, Andrew; was born in Pennsylvania; in 1864 was appointed, from the District of Colum bia, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. Wyman, A. U.; was, for a number of years, As sistant Treasurer of the United States at Washington; was Treasurer of the United States from July, 1876, to July 1877; then resumed the position of Assistant Treasurer, in which he remained until March, 1883, when he was again appointed Treasurer of the United States; in 1885 resigned, and became a bank official in New York. "Wynooop, Henry ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1779 to 1783; was a Repre sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. "Wynn, Richard ; was born in Virginia; entered the military service early in the Revolutionary War, and in 1775 was Lieutenant of South Carolina Rang ers, serving in the battle on Sullivan s Island; was in command of Fort Mclntosh, Georgia; promoted to Colonel and commanded the militia at Fairfield Dis trict, South Carolina; was with Sumter at Hanging Rock, where he was wounded; was active during the remainder of the war, and at its close was appointed a Brigadier and then a Major-General of Militia; was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1802 to 1813. Died in Tennessee, about the year 1813. Wynn, Thomas ; was born, lived, and died in Hertford County, North Carolina; was a General of Militia; was a planter by occupation; served a num ber of years in the House of Commons and Senate; was a Representative in Congress, in 1802, in the place of C. Johnston, deceased, and from 1803 to 1807; in 1800 and 1808 was a Presidential Elector. Died June 3, 1825. Wythe, George ; was born in Elizabeth City, Virginia, in 1728; was educated chiefly by his moth er; when thirty years of age commenced the study of law, and soon came to the bar; was, for a longtime, a member of the House of Burgesses; was Chancellor of Virginia; in 1764 was appointed to prepare a peti tion against the Stamp Act; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence; was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Consti tution, but refused to sign the instrument; was the Chairman of a Committee to revise the Laws of Vir ginia, which he accomplished with credit; in. 1777 was Speaker of the House of Delegates; was appoint ed Judge of the Court of Chancery; owned a large number of slaves, to one of whom he taught the Latin and Greek languages, and suddenly manumit ted all of them ; the honor was awarded to him of having been the instructor of Thomas Jefferson. Died June 8, 1806. Yancey, Benjamin O. ; was a citizen of Geor gia; in 1858 was appointed Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation, where he remained a little more than one year. Yancey, "William L.; was born at Ogeecheo Shoals, Georgia, August 18, 1814; received a good educa tion in the Northern States; studied law, and practiced in South Carolina; in 1837 settled in Alabama and ed ited the Cahawba Democrat andWetumpka^r^ws; was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from 1844 to 1847; before entering Congress, had served in the Alabama Legislature, and, after leaving it, served as a member of various political conventions, first at Baltimore in 1848, then at Cincinnati in 1856, and at BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 563 Charleston in 1860, in which he bore a conspicuous part; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; subsequent ly visited Europe as an agent of the Southern States during the great Kebellion of 1861; also held several other appointments under the Confederate Govern ment. Died near Montgomery, Alabama, July 28, 1863. Yancy, Bartlett ; was born in Virginia; was educated at the University of North Carolina, where he was, for a time, tutor; his first appearance in pub lic life was as a member of Congress from North Car olina, in 1813, where he served four years; served for many years in the State Legislature, and frequently as Speaker of the House; his position as a lawyer was unsurpassed. Died iu Caswell County, August 30, 1828. Yancy, Joel ; was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1827 to 1831. Yaple, G-eorge L.; was born at Leonidas, St. Joseph County, Michigan, February 20, 1851; gradu ated in the classical course at the Northwestern Uni versity, Evanston, Illinois, in 1871; was admitted to the bar in 1872; engaged in farming until 1877 when he entered upon the practice of law; was an unsuc cessful candidate for Congress in 1880; was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-eighth Congress. Yates, Abraham, Jr.; was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Yates, John B.; was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1836, from Madison County. Yates, Richard ; was born in Kentucky, Janu ary 18, 1818; removed to Illinois; graduated at Illi nois College; was educated for the law; frequently , served in the State Legislature; was a Representa tive in Congress from Illinois from 1851 to 1855; in 1861 was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, and participated extensively in the raising of troops for the National Army during the Rebellion; was elected a Senator in Congress from Illinois for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serv ing on the Committees on the District of Columbia, the Pacific Railroad, Territories, Pensions, Manufac tures, and Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Territor ies; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal ists Convention" of 1866. Yates, Robert ; was born in Schenectady, New York, January 27, 1738; received a classical educa tion in New York City; studied law and was admit ted to practice at Albany in 1760; was a writer in defense of liberty during the Revolution; was a member of the Committee of Safety; was Chairman of the Committee on Military operations, in 1776 and 1777; was a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1777 to 1790; was Chief Justice from 1790 to 1798; was a member of the Convention that framed the Constitu tion of the United States, which instrument he op posed; preserved the debates of that Convention, which were published by his widow, 12ino, in 1839; was a member of the State Convention which adopted the Constitution; soon after was commissioned to treat with the States of Massachusetts and Connecti cut, on the subject of Territory, and to settle the Claims of New York against the State of Vermont. Died at Albany, September 9, 1801. Yates, Peter W.; was a Delegate from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1787. Yeaman, George H.; was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, November 1 1829; received his early education under many difficulties; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-third year, enter ing upon the practice of his profession at Owens- boro , Davies County, Kentucky; in 1854 was elected Judge of Davies County, and from that time until 1858 devoted his whole attention to the law, acquir ing an extensive practice in the Circuit Court and Court of Appeals; in 1861 was elected to the Legis lature of Kentucky; in 1862 was engaged in raising a regiment for the Union service; when J. S. Jack son resigned he was elected, as his successor, a Rep resentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af fairs; was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same commitfee; in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Denmark. Yeates, Jasper; was a member of the Lancaster County (Pennsylvania) Committee of Correspondence in 1774; of the Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution in 1788; was Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1791 until his death; published Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania," from 1791 to 1 808, Philadelphia, 4 vols. 8vd~. Died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1817. Yeates, Jesse J. ; was born in Hertford County, North Carolina, May 29, 1829; received a collegiate education; became a lawyer; was Solicitor of Hert ford County from 1855 to 1860; a Representative in the State Legislature in 1860; served as a Major in the Confederate Army; was Solicitor of the First Judicial Circuit from 1861 to 1866; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1871; was elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. Yell, Archibald; was born in Tennessee; re moving to Arkansas, was appointed one of the Judges of the Territory; was elected a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839; was again elected in 1845, serving only until 1846; was Governor of Arkansas in 1842 and 1844; was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while in command of a regiment of Arkansas mounted Volunteers. Yocum, Seth H.; was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1834 ; graduated at Dickin son College, Pennsylvania, in 1860; studied law and engaged in the practice; served in the Union Army in the War of the Rebellion ; was elected a Represent ative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-sixth Congress. York, Tyre; was born in Surry County, North Carolina, May 4, 1836; was reared on a farm; was educated in the common schools, and attended an academy one session; studied medicine, graduating from Charleston College, South Carolina, in 1857; en gaged in the practice of his profession ; in 1865 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and served in one or the other branch of that body almost continuously until elected a Representative from North Carolina to the Forty-eighth Congress. Yorke, Thomas J.; was born in New Jersey; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843; was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but, although he came with the broad seal of hia State, was not admitted. 564 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Yost, Ja.cob S.; was born in Pennsylvania; was a Eepresentative in Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Young, Augustus ; was born in Arlington, Vermont, March 20, 1785; was admitted to the bar, ,in St. Albans, in 1810; commenced practice at Stowe, and in about eighteen months removed to Craftsbury, which town he represented in the General Assembly during eight sessions; was four years State s Attor ney for Orleans County; was Judge of Probate in 1830; in 1836 was chosen State Senator; was twice re-elected; was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1841 to 1843, and declined a re election; in 1847 removed to St. Albans; was, for several years, Judge of Franklin County Court; sub sequently devoted himself to literary and scientific pursuits, and being a learned geologist and min eralogist, was appointed, in 18~i6, State Naturalist. Died at St. Albans, July 17, 1857. He was highly popular, possessed great talents, and his scientific books and tracts indicate that he was a great mathe matician and a profound reasoner. Young, Brigham; was born at Whittingham, Vermont, June 1. 1801; in 1832 founded the Mor mon sect, at Kirkland, Ohio; was one of the apostles sent out to make converts in 1835; was chosen Presi dent and Prophet in 1844; abandoned Nauvoo in 1846, and pursuaded his followers that Salt Lake Valley was the Promised Land; settled there in 1847; in 1849 organized a State called Deseret, but Congress organized it as the Territory of Utah, of which he was United States Governor from 1850 to 1854: the Mormons having defied the Federal Gov ernment, President Buchanan, in 1857, sent a force to enforce its authority, and in 1858 a compromise was made; had twelve actual wives, besides many who had been "scaled to him" as his spiritual wives; as the head of the Mormon Church, he was long Governor of the Territory, and "President" by semi-annual election. Young, Bryan R.; was born in Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847. Young, Casey ; was born near Tuscaloosa, Ala bama, in 1832; removed, with his father, to Marshall County, Mississippi, when a child, and settled upon alarm; received a classical education at the village school, and by his own exertions; removed to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1854, and wrote for the press for about three years; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 185<>, and began to practice; was on the electoral ticket for Douglass in 1860; was opposed to the separation of the Union until the secession of Tennessee, when he enlisted in the army of the Con federacy; rose to the rank of Colonel of Cavalry; after the war resumed the practice of law; declined the nomination for Mayor of Memphis in 1871; was defeated for Congress in 1872; in 1874 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth and Forty- sixth Congresses; also elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. Young, Ebenezer ; was born in Killingly, Con necticut, in 1784; graduated at Yale College in 1806; in 1823 was elected to the State Senate; was twice re- elected; was two yeai. Speaker of the House; was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1835. Died at West Killingly, August 18, 1851. Young, John; was born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vermont, in 1802; when a boy removed, with his father, to Livingston County, New York; received a common school education at Conesus; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; was in the State Legislature in 1831, 1844, and 1845; was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1841 to 1843; was Governor of the State from 1847 to 1849; was Assistant Treasurer of the United States, in New York City, at the time of his death, which occurred April 23, 1852. Young, John D.; was born in Bath County, Kentucky, September 22, 1823; received an English education; from 1843 to 1847 was Sheriff of his native county, having previously served three years as Dep uty ; served for a time as Deputy United States Mar shall; was a Judge of Probate from 1858 to 1862; was re-elected in 1866; resigned in 1867; was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Con gress, but was refused his seat; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on several Committees. Young, John Russell ; was born in Westchester, Chester County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1841; his parents were Scotch-Irish, from County Tyrone, Ireland; was educated in the public schools of Phil adelphia and the high school of New Orleans; in 1857 was engaged as an office boy in the office of the Press, in Philadelphia, and there learned the profes sion of journalism; as the representative of the Press witnessed the opening campaigns of the Civil War, from Bull Run to Cbickahominy; in 1864 accom panied General Banks on his Red River expedition; on his return became the chief editor of the Press; resigned in 1865, and entered the service of the New York Tribune; was managing editor from 1866 to 1869; in 1867 was admitted to the bar in New York; in 1871 went abroad as one of the foreign correspond ents of the New York Herald, in which service he traversed the British Isles and the Continent; in 1877 accompanied General Grant in his famous tour around the world, which occupied two years; pub lished the result of his observations in two volumes entitled, "Around the World with General Grant"; on his return resumed his position on the editorial staff of the New York Herald; in 1882 was appointed United States Minister to China. Young, John S.; was born in Wake County, North Carolina, November 4, 1834; removed, with his father, to Tennessee iu 183G, and thence to Ar kansas in 1848; graduated from Centenary College, Louisiana, in 1855; located at Homer. Louisiana; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1857; served in the Confederate Army throughout the War of the Rebellion, rising to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel; at the close of the war resumed the practice of his profession at Homer; was a District Judge; was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Forty-fifth Congress. Young, P. M. B.; was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina, in 1838; graduated at the Georgia Military Institute in 1857; was a Cadet at the West Point Academy when the Rebellion commenced, but resigned that position when Georgia seceded, and joined the Confederate Army; rose, by promotions, to the rank of Major-General, receiving two wounds in battle; in 1868 was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage; was re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses, serving on several Commit tees. Young, Richard M.; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1828; was a Senator in Congress from Illinois from 1837 to 1843; was appointed Commissioner Al BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 565 the General Land Office in 1846; was Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, in 1850 and 1851. Young, Thomas L.; was born in Killyleagh. Ireland, December 14, 1832; emigrated to the United States when a boy; served in the United States Army during the last year of the war with Mexico, and un til 1857; located at Cincinnati. Ohio; taught school and studied law; served in the Union Army from 1861 to 1865, rising to the rank of Colonel and brevet Bsigadier-General ; was admitted to the bar in 1865.; was appointed Assistant City Auditor in^ the same year, and also elected a member of the State House of Representatives for the term of two years; was elected Recorder of Hamilton County in 1867; was appointed Supervisor of Internal Revenue in 1868; was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven tion of that year; was elected State Senator in 1871; Lieutenant-Governor in 1875; in 1877 became Gov ernor by the election of R. B. Hayes to the Presi dency; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. Young, Timothy R.; was born in New Hamp shire; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1835; was a Representative in Congress from Illinois from 1849 to 1851. Young, "William S. ; was born in Nelson Conn- tv, Kentucky; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827. Yulee, David L.; was born in the West Indies, of Hebrew extraction, in 1811; when quite young re moved to Virginia, where he received the rudiments of a classical education; emigrated to Florida in 1824; although he studied law, divided his time be tween the practice of his profession and the pursuits of agriculture; was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Florida, from 1841 to 1845, bearing the name Levy, and, as Yulee, was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the State Constitution; was elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he continued until 1861, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads; was also President of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida; withdrew from the Senate to take part in the Rebellion of 1861, and at the close of the conflict was confined in Fort Pulaski as a Prisoner of State. Zane, Charles S.; was born at Tuckahoe, New Jersey, March 2, 1831; removed to Illinois in his youth; received a classical education, graduating from McKendell College, in Lebanon, Illinois; stud ied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857, and en tered upon the practice of law at Springfield. Illinois; in June, 1873. was elected Circuit Judge for the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Illinois, for the term of six years; was re-elected in 1879; in July, 1884, was appointed, by President Arthur, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Utah ; his fearless adminis tration of the laws against polygamy, which began with his assumption of the duties of his high office, won for him the plaudits of the people of the entire country, only excepting the Mormons. Zevely, Alexander N.; was born in North Carolina; was appointed, from that State, to a Clerk ship in the General Post Office; in 1859 was pro moted to the rank of Third Assistant Postmaster- General. Zollicoffer, Felix K.; was born in Maury Coun ty, Tennessee, May 19, 1812; received an academic education; served, for a few months, in a printing office, and in 1829 took upon himself the manage ment of a newspaper at Paris, Tennessee; in 1834 was editor and publisher of the Columbian Observer, in the same State; in 1835 was elected State Printer, and re-elected in 1837 ;. in 1842 removed to Nashville, and edited the Banner; in 1843 was elected Comp troller of the State Treasury, and was re-elected in 1845 and 1847; in 1849 was elected to the State Sen ate; in 1850 was a contractor for Building the Sus pension Bridge at Nashville; in 1851 and 1853 again edited the Nashville Banner; was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee in 1853, where he con tinued until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving in the same as a member of the Committee on Territories; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" of 1861; subsequently joined the great Rebellion, and served as a General of Volunteers; was killed at the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, in a hand to hand fight with General Speed S. Fry, whom he had frequently met at the bar in Kentucky and Tennessee. Zubly, John Joachim ; was born at St. Gall, Switzerland, August 27, 1724; came to America when a youth; graduated at Princeton College in 1770; settled in Savannah, Georgia, as a Presbyterian Min ister; was a Doctor of Divinity, and preached in the German. English, and French languages; w?s a mem ber of the Presidential Congress; was elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1755; was disloyal to the American cause, and was denounced on the floor of Congress as a traitor. Died in Savan nah, July 23, 1781. Zulick, C. Meyer; was born at Easton, Penn sylvania, June 3, 1839; was educated in the common schools and at a private academy; studied law at Newark, New Jersey, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1860; engaged in the practice of law at Newark; soon after the breaking out of the Civil War entered the Union Army as Adjutant of the Second Regiment District of Columbia Volunteers; rose to the rank of Lieuten ant-Colonel, and was honorably mustered out of the service; resumed the practice of law at Newark, New Jersey; was appointed, by President Johnson, Col lector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of New Jersey; in 1879 was elected Surrogate Judge of Essex County, New Jersey, and served the full term of five years; in October, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, Governor of the Territory of Arizona. ADDITIONAL SKETCHES. RECEIVED TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION. Bishop, Richard M.; was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, November 4, 1812; received a fair English education; in early boyhood entered upon a mercantile career; in 1848 removed to Cincin nati, Ohio, and engaged in the wholesale grocery business; was remarkably successful, and amassed a fortune; in 1857 was elected a member of the City Council of Cincinnati, and in 1858 became President of the Council; in 1859 was elected Mayor of the city for a term of two years; was President of the Ohio State Missionary Society of the Christian Church from 1859 to 1869, and President of the General Mis sionary Convention of that church from the death of Alexander Campbell until 1875; took a leading part on the side of the Union in 1860 and 1861 ; during his administration as Mayor used most earnest endeavors to suppress gambling and Sabbath breaking in the city; was, for many years, a Trustee of McMicken TJniversity; became a Director of the First National Bank of Cincinnati ; was a member of the Board of Managers of several benevolent associations; in 1871 was President of the National Commercial Conven tion, held at Baltimore, Maryland; became a Director of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad Company; in 1873 was a member of the Ohio State Constitutional Convention; in 1877 was elected Governor of Ohio, serving one term; became a Curator of Bethany Col lege, Virginia, and President of the Board of Cura tors of the Kentucky University; was elected Presi dent of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad Company on the death of President Greenwood, and continued in that position. Cheney, Person Colby ; was born at Holder- ness, (now Ashland), New Hampshire, February 25, 1828; in 1835 removed, with his parents, to Peter borough, New Hampshire; was educated in the com mon schools, at Hancock Academy, and at Parson- field (Maine) Academy; in 1845 became manager of a paper mill ; in 1853 became part owner, and subse quently sole owner, of a paper mill, achieving flattering success; afterwards merged the business into a stock company, of which he became Manager and Treasurer, and enlarged the business to embrace several mills and large tracts of timber land; became President of the Amoskeag Fibre- Ware Company; in 1853 was a representative in the New Hampshire Legislature; in 1862 entered the Union Army as Regimental Quartermaster; ill health soon compelled him to resign; in 1864 was elected Railroad Commis sioner, serving three years; in 1867 removed to Man chester, New Hampshire; in 1871 was elected Mayor of that city; in 1875 was elected Governor of New Hampshire; was re-elected in 1876; in November, 1886, was appointed, by the Governor, United States Senator, in place of Austin F. Pike, deceased. Church, Louis Kossuth; was born at Brook lyn, New York, December 11, 1846; was educated at Claverick Institute, New York; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of law in Queens County, New York; settled at Hicks- ville, Long Island; in 1882 was elected a Represent ative in the New York Legislature; was re-elected in 1883 and 1884; declined a re-nomination in 1885; in Oc tober, 1885, was appointed, by President Cleveland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory ; in 1886 declined the nomination for State Senator from his District, in New York, in which a nomination was equivalent to an election; in Decem ber, 1886, was appointed Governor of the Territory of Dakota. Hawkins, Alvin ; was born in Bath County, Kentucky, December 2, 1821; in 1827 removed, with his parents, to Maury County, Tennessee, and thence, in 1828, to Carroll County, Tennessee; was the eldest of thirteen sons ; his education was such, only, as could be obtained in the common schools of a new and sparsely-settled country; in early life labored on the farm and in the shop with his lather, who was a blacksmith; in 1841 taught school one session ; in 1842 commenced the study of law under Hon. B. C. Totten, of Huntingdon, Tennessee; in 1843 was ad mitted to the bar ; soon after removed to Camden, Tennessee, where he remained until the Fall of 1846, when he returned to Huntingdon; in 1845 was an unsuccessful candidate for member of the Legisla ture; in 1846 raised a Company of Volunteers for ser vice in the Mexican War; was elected captain and re ported his company for service, but it was not accepted; served as Alderman, and as Secretary of the Board of Aldermen, of Huntingdon, for several years; in 1F53 was elected a Repre sentative in the General Assembly of Tennessee ; declined a re-election; in 1860 was a Presidential Elector on the Bell and Everett ticket; at the break ing out of the War of the Rebellion, after the election of Mr. Lincoln, boldly espoused the cause of the Union, and remained loyal to the Federal Govern ment; in 1862, at an election held in his district by authority of a proclamation issued by Andrew John son, then Military Governor of Tennessee, was elected a Representative to Congress, but, owing to the ir regularity of his election, was not admitted to a seat; in 1863, because of the bitterness of his political op ponents, temporarily removed to Greencastle, Indi ana; in 1S64 was appointed, by Judge Catron, Attor ney of the United States for the District of West Tennessee, and in 1865 was re-appointed by Presi dent Johnson; in 1864 was tendered, by Governor Johnson the appointment of Judge of the Common Law and Chancery Court for the city of Memphis, Tennessee, but declined; in September, 1865, re signed the office of District Attorney, and accepted the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee; soon thereafter returned to his home in Huntingdon; in 1868 resigned and re- BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. 567 sumed the practice of his profession; in 1868 was appointed, by President Johnson, Consul General of the United States at Havana, Cuba; started, with his family, to his post of duty, but, being advised of the prevalence of yellow fever in Havana, forwarded his resignation and returned home: in May, 1869, was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennes see, and remained in that position until displaced by the State Constitution adopted in 1870; soon after his retirement from the bench was elected President of the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad Company but, as that road was then in the hands of a receiver,, and was soon thereafter sold, never exercised any control over it; in 1880 was elected Governor of Ten nessee for a term of two years; was renominated in 1832, but was defeated on the issue of the State debt, he representing the element opposed to any form of repudiation; resumed the practice of law; became a Trustee of the Central Tennessee College, and of the Chattanooga University. Jackson, John J.; was born at Parkersburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), August 4, 1824; re ceived a classical education, graduating at Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1845; studied law; was ad mitted to the bar in 1846, and engaged in the prac tice of law; was Prosecuting Attorney for the County of Wirt, Virginia, from 1848 to 1854; held the same position in the County of Ritchie from 1850 to 1852; in 1851 was elected a Representative in the Legisla ture of Virginia for a term of two years; was re- elected in 1853; was a Presidential Elector on the Scott ticket in 1852, on the Fillmore ticket in 1856, and on the Bell ticket in 1860; in August, 1861, was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Vir ginia, (now the District of West Virginia). James, Charles P.; was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, May 11, 1818; was educated in preparatory studies at a private school taught by Alexander Kin- niont, of St. Andrews, Scotland; entered as a sopho more in Harvard College in 1836; studied law with Judge Oliver M. Spencer, in Cincinnati, Ohio; was admitted to the bar in 1811; was appointed Professor of Law in the Law School of Cincinnati College in 1850, and served six years; \vasappointed Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge William Johnson ; removed to Washington, D. C., in January, 1864; was one of the Commission appointed to revise the Statutes of the United States; was, for four years, Professor of Law in the Law School of Georgetown University, D. C. ; was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, July 29, 1879. Kinkead, John H.; was born at Smithfield, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, December 10, 1826; in 1829 removed, with his parents, to Zanesville, Muskingum County, Ohio, and from thence removed to Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1836; was educated at the Lancaster High School, among his classmates being John Sherman afterwards United States Senator and others who have attained to eminent positions; in 1845 went to St. Louis, Mis souri, where he was engaged in mercantile business for nearly five years; in 1849 removed to Salt Lake City, Utah, continuing a merchant; in 1854 went to Cali fornia, and in 1860 settled in Nevada; was Treasurer of Nevada Territory for three years; was a member of the Constitutional Convention which framed the constitution under which Nevada was admitted as a State; went to Alaska at the time of its purchase by the United States, and remained there nearly three years, returning to Nevada in 1871 ; was nominated for Governor of Nevada, in 1878, without solicitation; was elected and served four years from January, 1879, to January, 1883; in the latter year was ap pointed, by President Arthur, Governor of the Dis trict of Alaska, serving in that position until the advent of President Cleveland, in 1885; then re turned to Carson City, Nevada. LeDuc, William GK; was born at Wilkesville, Gallia County, Ohio, March 29, 1823; in his sixth year, was placed in charge of his great uncle, Colonel William Sumner. at Lancaster, Ohio, to be educated; attended the academy and the grammar school at that place; remained there until the death of Colonel Sumner, in 1837; then re-joined his parents on a farm in Licking County, Ohio, whence they had moved ; worked on the farm about four years, and then pre pared for college at Warren, Ohio; taught a country school one winter; in the fall of 1843, after a severe illness, went south in a buggy, with an elder brother, to regain his health; taught school at Chula Noma, Mississippi, until June, 1844; then returned to Ohio and entered Kenyon College; during his senior year, entered as a student at law in the office of Delano & Smith, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio; graduated from college in 1848 ; immediately entered the service of two book publishers as a traveling agent; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1850, and emigrated to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he entered upon the practice of law, and also opened the first book store in the Territory of Minnesota; engaged in real estate and railroad enterprises; abandoned his profession and removed to Hastings, Minnesota, where he engaged in the lumber business on a large scale; also built and operated a flouring mill there; at the breaking out of the Civil War sold his mills and en tered the Union Army as Captain and Assistant Quartermaster; served with the Army of the Potomac until after the battle of Gettysburg; then joined the Army of the Tennessee, where he became Chief Quar termaster; was promoted to Brevet Brigadier-General on the recommendation of General George H. Thomas; resigned in August, 1865, and returned to Hastings, Minnesota; resumed railroad construction in connec tion with Oakes Ames; the misfortunes of the latter proved equally disastrous to General Le Due; on the accession of Mr. Hayes to the office of President of the United States, General Le Due was appointed, by him, Commissioner of Agriculture, at Washington, in which position he served four years; was very strongly endorsed by the agriculturists of the country for re-appointment, but was unsuccessful; on his re tirement from that position, was elected a member of the French National Agricultural Society of France, an honor theretofore conferred on but four Americans: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, and Benjamin Thompson. Retired to his farm, near Hastings, and devoted himself to its cultivation, oc casionally delivering lectures on various topics. Putnam, James O.; son of Harvey Putnam; was born at Attica, New York, July 4, 1818; gradu ated at Yale College in 1839; read law with his father; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and settled in the city of Buffalo in the practice of law ; from 1843 until its consolidation with the New York Central Railroad Company, was Secretary and Attorney of the Attica and Buffalo Railroad Company; was Postmaster of Buffalo during the administration of President Fill- more; represented the Buffalo District in the State Senate of New York in 1854 and 1855; was a Presi dential Elector-at-large in 1860; was United States Consul at Havre, France, from 1861 to 1866; was United States Minister to Belgium from 1860 to July, 1862; was the United States Delegate to the Inter national Property Congress held in Paris, France, in 1880; a volume of his Addresses and Miscellanies was published in 1880. 668 BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS. Richmond, Lewis; was born at Providence, Rhode Island, March 12, 1824; received a collegiate education; engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1854, when he retired from business; in April, 1861, enlisted as a private in the First Rhode Island Reg iment of three mouths men; took part in the first battle of Bull Run; on the expiration of his term of enlistment was commissioned, by the President, as Assistant Adjutant-General, with the rank of Cap tain, on the General Staff of General A. E. Burnside; was Adjutant-General of the North Carolina expedi tion, Army of the Potomac, and was present at the battles of Roanoke Island and Newberne; in March, 1862, was promoted to the rank of Major; returning to Virginia, in July, 1862, with General Burnside, was commissioned Adjutant-General of the Ninth Army Corps, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel was Adjutant-General of the right wing of the Arm} of the Potomac from September 4 to 15, and engagec in the battle of South Mountain; as Adjutant-Gen eral again of the Ninth Corps took part in the battle of Antietam; was Adjutant-General of the Army ol the Potomac from November 10, 1862, to January 26, 1863, and was engaged in the battle of Fredericks- burg; was Adjutant-General of the Department ot the Ohio, and the Army of the Ohio, from March 25, 1863, to December 12, 1863, during the pursuit and capture of Morgan s Raiders in July and August, and was present at all the engagements of that eventful period; as Adjutant-General of the Ninth Corps, with the Army of the Potomac, from May. 1864, took part in the Richmond campaign, in the battle of the Wilderness, and in all the struggles of that army during the closing year of the war; was three times brevetted for gallant and meritorious services in different campaigns, the last promotion being to the rank of Brigadier-General; resigned his commission immediately after the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, in April, 1865; in 1875 was appointed United States Consul at Queenstown, Ireland; in 1880 was promoted to the Consulate at Belfast, and, in 1881, to the position of Consul-General of the United States for Italy, at Rome; in 1882 was appointed, also, Secretary of Le gation, and, the Minister having recently died, be came Charge d 1 Affaires ad interim; retained the posi tion of Secretary of Legation until 1884, when he was appointed Minister Resident of the United States at Lisbon, Portugal; on the accession of Mr. Cleve land to the Presidency on March 4, 1885, tendered his resignation, which was accepted two months later, when he retired to private life. Roberts, Oran Milo ; was born in Laurens Dis trict, South Carolina, July 9, 1815; while a youth, removed, with his parents, to Sinclair County, South Carolina; labored on the farm of his father until sixteen years of age; then obtained a situation in a lawyer s office at Ashville, where he prepared him self for college; in 1836 graduated from the Univers ity of Alabama; studied law; was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law at Ash ville, South Carolina; was soon after elected a Repre sentative to the State Legislature; in 1841 removed to Texas, and settled at St. Augustine in the prac tice of his profession; in 1844 was appointed by President Houston, District Attorney, holding the office until the annexation of Texas to the United States; in 1846 was appointed, by Governor Hender son, Judge of the Fifth Judicial District of Texas- in 1857 was elected an Associate Justice of the Su preme Court of Texas; in 1862 resigned and entered the Confederate Army as Colonel of the Eleventh Texas Infantry; commanded a Brigade at the battle* of Bordeaux, Louisiana, in 1863; in 1864 was elected Chief Justice of Texas; in 1866 was elected a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention; in the same year was elected a United States Senator, but was not admitted to his seat; from 1868 to 1870 was Professor of Law and Agriculture in the Institute at Gilmer, Texas; then retired to his farm, in Shelby County, and engaged in farming and the practice of law; in 1873 was a Delegate to the Democratic State Convention; in 1874 was appointed, by Governor Coke, Chief Justice of the State; was elected to that position in 1876: in 1878 was elected Governor of Texas, and resigned the office of Chief Justice; was re-elected in 1880; in 1883 became Professor of Law in the University of Texas. Rublee, Horace ; was born at Berkshire, Frank lin County, Vermont, August 19, 1829; emigrated, with his father s family, to the then Territory of Wisconsin, in 1840; was the editor of the Wisconsin State Journal, at Madison, Wisconsin, from 1853 to 1869; held the office of State Librarian during the years 1856 and 1857; was Chairman of the Republi can State Committee of Wisconsin from 1859 to 1869, and again in 1877 and 1878; was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868; in April, 1869, was appointed, by President Grant, United States Minister to Switzerland, and held that po sition until 1876; tendered his resignation in the autumn of 1876; withheld it, however, at the re quest of President Grant, until the latter s term of office expired; in 1881 assumed the editorship of the Milwaukee Republican and News; in 1882 became editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel. Seay, "William A.; was born near Burkeville, Virginia, April 19, 1831; received a classical educa tion, graduating from Princeton College, New Jer sey, in 1850; studied law at the Lexington Law School, and was admitted to the bar, in Virginia, in 1852; removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1853, and from there to Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1861 ; was a Professor in the Louisiana State Military School; was an engineer officer in the Confederate Army under General Price; received a majority of the votes cast for Judge of the District Court in 1872, but the Returning Board decided that he was not elected; was elected a Representative to the Louisiana Legis lature in 1881, and again in 1884, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; in 1884 was appointed Commissioner to revise the Statute Laws of the State; in 1885 was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Bolivia. Stearns, Marcellus L.; was born in Lovell, Oxford County, Maine, April 29, 1839; was educated at Colby University; read law at Portland, Maine; entered the Union Army as a private, and rose to the rank of First Lieutenant; settled in Florida im mediately after the close of the Civil War; was ad mitted to the bar, and practiced law; was appointed United States Surveyor-General of Florida; was twice elected a Representative to the Legislature, and Speaker of the House; was elected Lieutenant- jovernor of Florida: was Governor of the State from 1874 to 1877; served three years on a United States Commission, appointed to settle land titles at Hot Springs, Arkansas. | Vance, Robert B. ; was born in Buncombe !ounty, North Carolina, in 1790; received a collegiate education; graduated in surgery, and became emi- neit in his profession; in 1822 was elected a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Eighteenth Con gress; in 1824 was defeated for re-election by Samuel P. Carson; as a result of this contest. Dr. Vance and Mr. Carson fought a duel, in October, 1827, in which the former was killed. WASHINGTON MONUMENT WASHINGTON. (Height: 555 feet, 5J/s inches.) APPENDIX RKCORDS. DELEGATES TO THE COLONIAL CONGRESS. This Congress was composed of Delegates from nine of the Colonies, and met at New York on the 1th of Octo ber, 17G5: Timothy Euggles, President; John Cot ton, Secretary. MASSACHUSETTS. Otis, James, Partridge, Oliver, Ruggles, Timothy. RHODE ISLAND. Bowler, Metcalf, Ward, Henry. CONNECTICUT. Dyer, Eliphalet, Johnson, William Samuel, Rowland, David. NEW YORK. Bayard, William, Lispenard, Leonard, Cruger, John, Livingston, Philip, Livingston, Robert R. NEW JERSEY. Borden, Joseph, Fisher, Hendrick, Ogden, Robert. PENNSYLVANIA. Bryan, George, Dickinson, John, Morton, John. DELAWARE. M Kean, Thomas, Rodney, Caesar. MARYLAND. Murdock, William. Ringold, Thomas, Tilghman, Edward, SOUTH CAROLINA. Gadsden, Christopher, Lynch, Thomas. Rutledge, John. The Representatives of New Hampshire, from the peculiar situation of that colony, judged it imprudent to send Representatives to this Congress, though they approved of the measure; and the Assemblies of Vir ginia, North Carolina and Georgia not being in ses sion, the Governors of these colonies refused to call special Assemblies for a purpose deemed by them improper and unconstitutional. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED COLONIES RESPECTING "A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE , BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED." SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1776. Resolved, That the resolutions respecting independ ency be referred to a Committee of the Whole Con gress. The Congress then resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole; and, after some time, the President re sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the Committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but, not having come to any resolu tion thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit again on Monday. Resolved, That this Congress will on Monday next, at 10 o clock, resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into further consideration the resolu tions referred to them. MONDAY. JUNE 10, 1776. Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their fur ther consideration the resolutions to them referred; and, after some time spent thereon, the President re sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had under consideration the mat ters referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they directed him to report. The resolution agreed to in Committee of the Whole being read, Kexolvcd, That the consideration of the first resolu tion be postponed to Monday, the first day of July a next; and, in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in case the Congress agree thereto, that a Committee be appointed to prepare a Declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words; That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent States; that they are absolved | from all allegiance to the British Crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 1776. Resolved, That the Committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five. The Members chosen: Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston. TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 1776. A Declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference, was laid before Congress and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a vote of Congress declaring the United Colonies free and independent States. FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1776. "Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended and produced the credentials of their appointment, " containing the following instruc tions: " If you shall judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we empower you to join in declaring the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, en- TABULAE RECORDS. tering into a confederation for union and common defence," etc. MONDAY, JULY 1, 1776. "A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was laid before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to 1 their Deputies in Congress: "That the Deputies of said Colony, or any three or more of them, be author ized and empowered to concur with the other United Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent States ; in forming such further compact and confederation between them," etc. The order of the day being read: Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency. That the Declaration be referred to said Committee. The Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole. After some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Com mittee had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave to sit again. The resolution agreed to by the Committee of the Whole being read, the determination thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, re solve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting inde pendence. TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1776. The Congress resumed the consideration of the res olution reported from the Committee of the Whole, which was agreed to as follows: RESOLVED, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re solved itself into a Committee of the Whole; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had under consideration the Declaration to them referred: but not having had time to go through the same, de sired him to move for leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration re specting independence. WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration; and, after some time, 4he President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee, not having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again. Rfixolcefl, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of Independence. THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration; and, alter some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee had agreed to a Declaration, which they desired him to report. The Declaration being read, was agreed to as fol lows: A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS AS SEMBLED. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to as sume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinion of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain uualienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuits of hap piness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly, all experience has shown, that man kind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suf- ferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing inva riably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it ia their duty, to throw off such government, and to pro vide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The his tory of the present king of Great Britain, is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyr anny over these States. To prove this, let facts b submitted to a candid world: He has refused his assent to laws the most whole some and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of im mediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accom modation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depos itory of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolu tions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legis lative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise, the State re maining, in the meantime, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and rais ing the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. TABULAR RECORDS. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our Legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unac knowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation. For quartering large bodies of armed troops among as: For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punish ment, for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent: For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses: For abolishing the free system of English laws, in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi trary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally, the powers of our government: For suspending our own legislature, and declaring themselves invested with power, to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by re peated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their Legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of oar common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and con sanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiese in the necessity which demands our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and inde pendent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. Samuel Adams, Robert Treat Paine, John Adams, Elbridge Gerry. RHODE ISLAND. Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, William Williams, Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott. NEW YORK. William Floyd, Francis Lewis, Philip Livingston, Lewis Morris. NEW JERSEY. Richard Stockton, Francis Hopkinson, John Witherspoon, John Hart, Abraham Clark. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Harris. George Clymer, Benjamin Rush, James Smith, Benjamin Franklin, George Taylor, John Morton, James Wilson, George Ross. DELAWARE. Csesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean. MARYLAND. Samuel Chase, [ton, William Paca, Charles Carroll, of Carroll- Thomas Stone. VIRGINIA. George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Thomas Jefferson, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. NORTH CAROLINA. William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn. SOUTH CAROLINA. Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr., Thomas Hey wood, Jr., Arthur Middleton. GEORGIA. Button Gwinnet, Lyman Hall, George Walton. TABULAR KECOEDS. Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several Assemblies, Conventions, and Commit tees, or Councils of Safety, and to the several Com manding officers of the Continental Troops; that it be proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the head of the Army. SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Independ ence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 17/4 to 1788), is given separately for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth and the time of their respective deaths, for convenient reference. For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals." Names of the Signers. Born at Delegated from. Died. Oct. 19, 1735 Massachusetts July Oct. May Oct. Nov. June Sept., Jan. Feb. Aug. April Nov. May Feb., Oct. April, March, Nov. Oct., July May Jan. July April, lune Dec. June Lost at Tune Jan. Jan. May April, Jan. May Oct. July, April Jan. July July Feb. Oct. Feb. June Feb. Nov. Aug. Aug. Nov. Dec. June 4, 1826 2, 1803 19, 1795 10, 1797 14, 1832 19, 1811 1794 23, 1813 15, 1820 4. 1821 17, 1790 23, 1814 27, 1777 1790 8, 1793 1791 1780 1809 10, 1779 1790 13, 1785 9, 1790 5, 1796 4, 1826 1797 19, 1794 30, 1803 12, 1778 sea, 1779 24, 1817 1, 1787 22, 1798 8, 1806 1777 4, 1789 1799 11, 1804 26, 1809 1798 1783 1779 19, 1813 23, 1800 23. 1793 llj 1806 28, 1781 5, 1787 23, 1781 24, 1803 2, 1305 28, 1785 2, 1811 28, 1798 15, 1794 1, 1797 8, 1806 Sept, 27, 1722 Massachusetts Amesbury Mass... in Nov., 1729 New Hampshire Virginia .. ..Sept. 10, 1736 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton Sept 20 1737 Maryland Somerset Co., Md.. Elizabethtown, N. April 17, 1741 J Feb. 15, 1726 in 1739 Maryland New Jersey Pennsylvania Newport R. I Dec. 22, 1727 R. I. and Prov. PI... New York Floyd William Suffolk Co N Y Dec. 17, 1734 Boston Mass Jan. 17, 1706 Pennsylvania Marblehead Mass July 17, 1744 Massachusetts England in 1732 Georgia in 1731 Georgia Hancock John . .. Braintree Mass in 1737 Massachusetts Harrison Benjamin Berkeley Va .... Virginia Hart John .. Hope well N J .. . about 1715 New Jersey Heyward Thomas Jr St Luke s S Co.. . in 1746 South Carolina Hewes Joseph Kingston N J in 1730 North Carolina Hooper William Boston Mass . June 17, 1742 North Carolina lopkins, Stephen i opkinson, Francis Scituate, R. I Philadelphia Pa... March 7, 1707 in 1737 R. I. and Prov. PL. New Jersey liuntington Samuel July 3 1732 Connecticut Jefferson Thomas Shadwell Va April 13 1743 Virginia Lee Francis Li <r htioot Stratford Va Oct 14 1734 Virginia Lee Richard Henry Stratford Va Jan 20 173 Virginia Lewis, Francis Livingston, Philip Lynch, Thomas Jr Landaff, Wales Albany, N. Y St George S C in Mar., 1713 Jan. 15, 1716 Aug 5 1749 New York New York South Carolina. McKean, Thoin as Chester Co Pa March 19 1734 Delaware . Middleton Arthur .. Middleton Place, S Morrisania N Y . C...in 1743 in 17^6 Morris, Lewis New York Morris, Ko! >ert Lancashire En 01 Jan 1733- 4 Pennsylvania Morton, John Ridley Pa . in 1724 Pennsylvania Nelson, Thomas, Jr York Va Dec 26 1738 Virginia Paca, William Wye Hill Md Oct 31 1740 Maryland Paine, Robert Treat Boston Muss . .. in 1731 Massachusetts Penn, John Caroline Co Va May 17 1741 Read, George Cecil Co Md in 1734 Delaware Rodney, Caesar Dover, Del .... in 1730 Delaware Ross, George New Castle Del in 1730 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Rush, Benjamin, M.D By berry, Pa Dec 24 1745 Rutledge, Edward Charleston S C in Nov 1749 South Carolina Sherman, Roger Newton Mass April 19 1721 Smith, James Pennsylvania Stockton, Richard Princeton N J Oct 1 1730 Stone, Thomas Charles Co Md in 174 > Taylor, George Ireland in 1716 Thornton, Matthew Ireland in 1714 New Hampshire Walton, George Frederick Co Va in 1740 Whipple, William Kittery Me in 1730 New .Hampshire Williams, William April 8 1731 AVilson, James Witherspoon, John Scotland Yester Scotland about 1742 Feb 5 172 Pennsylvania Wolcott, Oliver Windsor Conn Nov 26 176 Wythe, George Elizabeth City Co. , Va..in 1726 TABULAR RECORDS. DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals. FROM: 1774 TO 1788. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Bartlett, Josiah ........ . ........................... 1775- 79 Blanchard, Jonathan ................................ 1783- 1 84 Folsom, Nathaniel ...................... 1774- 75 .................................... 1779- 80 Foster, Abiel ........................................... 1783- 85 Frost, George ................... . ...................... 1777- 79 Gilman, John Taylor ................................ 1782- 83 Gilman, Nicholas ..................................... 1786- 88 Langdon, John ........................................ 1775- 77 " ........................................ 1786- 87 Langdon, Woodbury ................................. 1779- 80 Livermore, Samuel .................................. 1780- 83 " .................................. 1785- 8G Long, Pierce ............................................ 1784- 86 Peabody, Nathaniel .................................. 1779- 80 Sullivan, John ......................................... 1774- 75 ........................................ l780- 81 Thornton, Matthew ................................. 1776- 78 Wentworth, John, Jr ............................... 1778- 79 Whipple, William .................................... 1776- 79 White, Phillips ...................................... !l782- 83 Wingate, Paine ....................................... 1787- 88 MASSACHUSETTS. Adams, John ........................................... 1774- 78 Adams, Samuel ....................................... 1774- 82 Cushing, Thomas ..................................... 1774- 76 Dana, Francis .......................... 1776- 78 " ........................................ ..1784- 84 Dane, Nathan ......................................... 1785- 88 Gerry, Elbridge ....................................... 1776- 81 ....................................... 1782- 85 Gorman, Nathaniel ........................ 1782- 83 " ................................... 1785- 87 Hancock, John ........................................ 1775- 80 " ........................................ 1785- 86 Higginson, Stephen ................................ .1782- 83 Holten, Samuel ....................................... 1778- 80 11 ....................................... 1782- 83 | ....................................... 1784- 85 ....................................... 1786- 87! Jackson, Jonathan .................................... 1782- 82 I King. Rufus ............................................ 1784- 87 ! Lovell, James .......................................... 1776- 82 j Lowell, John ........................................... 1782- 83 j Osgood, Samuel ....................................... 1780- 84 I Otis, Samuel A ......................................... 1787- 88 | Paine, Robert Treat ................................. 1774- 78 Partridge, George ..................................... 1779- 82 " ....................................... 1783- 85 Sedgwick, Theodore ................................. 1785- 88 Sullivan, James ....................................... 1782- 82 Thacher, George ....................................... 1787- 88 Ward, Artemas ....................................... 1780- 81 RHODE ISLAND. Arnold, Jonathan .................................... 1782- 84 Arnold, 1 eleg .......................................... 1787- 89 Collins, John .......................................... 1778- 83 Cornell, EzekieL ...................................... 1780- 83 Ellcry, William ....................................... 1776- 81 " ........................................ 1783- 8o Hazard, Jonathan J ................................. 1787- 89 Hopkins, Stephen .................................... 1774- 8() Howell, David ......................................... 1782- r 85 Manning, James ....................................... l785- 86 Marchaut, Henry .................................. ...1777- 1 80 ..................................... 1783- 84 Miller, Nathan ......................................... 1785- 86 Mowry, Daniel ........................................ 1780- 82 Varnum, James M ................................... 1780- 82 * " ..... Ward, Samuel ......................................... 1774- 76 CONNECTICUT. Adams, Andrew .................. 1777- 78 " Cooke, Joseph P 1784- 88 Deane, Silas 1774- 76 Dyer, Eliphalet 1774- 79 1780- 83 Edwards, Pierpont 1787- 88 Ellsworth, Oliver 1777- 84 Hillhouse, William 1783- 86 Hoiiner, Titus ,...1775- 7G it it \ l/77- 79 Huntington, Benjamin 1780- 84 1787- ; 88 Huntington, Samuel 1776- 84 Johnson, William S 1784- 87 Law, Richard 1777- 78 " 17rtl- 84 Mitchell, Stephen M 1783- 84 1785- 86 1787- 88 Root, Jesse 1778- 83 Sherman, Roger 1774- 84 Spencer, Joseph 1777- 79 Strong, Jedediah 1782- 84 Sturges, Jonathan 1785- 87 Treadwell, John 1785- 86 Trumbull, Joseph 1774- 75 Wadsworth, James 1783- 84 Wadsworth, Jeremiah .............................. 1787- 88 Williams, William ................................... 1776- 78 Williams, William ................................... 1783- 84 Wolcott, Oliver ....................................... 1775- 78 ....................................... 1780- 84 NEW YORK. Alsop, John ............................................. 1774- 76 Benson, Egbert ....................................... 1784- 85 " ....................................... 1786- 88 Boerum, Simon ....................................... 1774- 77 Clinton, George ....................................... 1775- 77 De Witt, Charles ...................................... 1783- 85 Duane, James .......................................... 1774- 84 Duer, William ................................. . ....... 1777- 78 Floyd, William ....................................... 1774- 77 " ....................................... 1778- 83 Gansevoort, Leonard ................................. 1787- 88 Hamilton, Alexander ................................ 1782- 83 " ............................... 1787- 88 Haring, John .......................................... 1774- 75 " .......................................... 1785- 88 Jay, John ............................................... 1774- 77 .............................................. 1778- 79 Lansing, John ......................................... 1784~ 88 Lawrence, John ........................................ 1785- 87 Lewis, Francis ......................................... 1777- 7J> L Hommedieu, Ezra ................................. 1779- 83 TABULAR RECORDS. L Hommedien, Ezra ............. Livingston, Philip ................................... 177^_>77 Livingston, Robert R ............................. 17?9- 81 Livingston, Walter ... . . ........................... n?4- 7<5 Low, Isaac ....................................... ..... i7fti_ ft2 McDougall, Alexander ........................... 1784- 85 Morris, Gouverneur Morris, Lewis ......................................... 17S4- 85 Paine, Ephraim ...................................... 1784- 8G Platt, Zephaniah ..................................... "84 Hb r, Philip Scott, John Morin.... Smith, Melancthon Wisner, Henry Yates, Abraham, Jr , Yates, Peter W ....................................... 178o- 87 NEW JERSEY. Beatty, John .......................................... JJS"!?!! Boudinot, Elias ....................................... K~i w , ..... Cadwalader, Lambert ............................... 1784-87 Clark, Abraham ................................... >...177G- < " ...................................... 1787- 88 Condict, Silas ......................................... 1781- 84 Cooper, John .......................................... 1776- /G Crane, Stephen ....................................... 1774- 76 Dayton, Elias. Declined .......................... 1 Z 7 2~ , 8 ^ Dayton, Jonathan .................................... 1787- ! De Hart, John ........................................ 1774- 76 Dick, Samuel .......................................... 1783- Elmer, Jonathan ...................................... 1776- 78 " ................................... 1780- 84 ...................................... 1787- 89 Fell, John ............................................. 17 I 8 ~ Frelinehuysen, Frederick .......................... 1778- 79 " .......................... 1782- 83 Hart, John ............................................. 1776- 77 Henderson, Thomas ................................. 1779- 80 Hopkinton, Francis ................................. 1776- 77 Hornblower, Josiah ................................. 1785- 86 Houston. William C ................................. 1779- 82 " " .................................... 1784- 8o Kinsey, James ......................................... 1774- 75 Livingston, William ................................. 1774- 7G Neilson, John .......................................... 1778- 79 Patterson, William .................................. 1780- 81 Scheurman, J .................... , ...................... 1786- 87 Scudder, Nathaniel ................................. 1777- 78 Sergeant, Jonathan D .............................. 1776- 77 Smith, Richard ....................................... 1774- 76 Stevens, John, Sr .................................... 1763- 84 Stewart, Charles ...................................... 1784- 85 Stockton, Richard .................................... 17?6- 77 Symmes, John C ...................................... 1785- 8G Witherspoon, John ................................. 1776- 82 PENNSYLVANIA. Allen, Andrew ....................................... 1775- 76 Armstrong, John .................................... 1778- 80 " " .................................... 1787- 88 Atlee, Samuel ......................................... 1778- 82 Bayard, John .......................................... 1785- 87 Biddle, Edward ....................................... 1774- 76 " " ....................................... 1778- 79 Bingham, William ................................... 1787- 88 Clarkson, Matthew ................................... 1785- 86 Clingan, William .................................... 1777- 79 Clymei, George ..... ................................. 1776- 78 " ....................................... 1780- 83 Dickinson, John ...................................... 1774- 76 Fitzsimmons, Thomas .............................. 1782- 83 Franklin, Benjamin ................................ 1775- 7G Galloway, Joseph 1774- ; 75 Gardner, Joseph 1784- 85 Hand, Edward 1784- 85 Henry, William 1784- 86 Humphreys, Charles 1774- 76 Ingersoll, jared 1780- 81 Irwine, William 1786- 88 Jackson, David 1785- 86 Matlack, Timothy 1780- 81 McClene, James 1778- 80 Meredith, Samuel 1787- 88 Mifflin, Thomas 1774- 76 " " 1782- 84 Montgomery, Joseph 1780- 84 Morris, Charles 1783- 84 Morris, Robert 1776- 78 Morton, John 1774- 77 Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778- 80 Peters, Richard 1782- 83 Pettit, Charles 1785- 87 Read, J 1787- 88 Reed, Joseph 1777- 78 Rhodes, Samuel 1774- 75 Roberdeau, Daniel 1777- 79 Ross, George 1774- 77 Rush, Benjamin 1776- 77 Searle, James 1778- 80 Khippen. William 1778- 8a Smith, James 1 77(5- 78 Smith, Jonathan B 1777- 78 Smith, Thomas 1780- 82 St. Clair, Arthur 1785- 87 Taylor, George 177(>- 77 Willing, Thomas 1775- 76 Wilson, James 1775- 78 " " 1782- 83 " " 1785- 87 Wynkoop, Henry 1779- 83 DELAWARE. Bedford, Gunning 1783- 85 " " 1786- 87 Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785- 8G Dickinson, John 1776- 77 " 1779- 80 Dickinson, Philemon 1782- 83 Evans, John 1776- 77 Kearney, Dyre 1786- 88 McComb, Eleazer 1782- 84 McKcau, Thomas 1774- 76 " " 1778- 83 Mitchell, Nathaniel 1786- 88 Patton, John 1785- 8G Peery, William 1785- 86 Read, George 1774- 77 Rodney, Csesar 1774- 77 " 1777- 78 " " 1783- 84 Rodney, Thomas 1781- 83 " " 1785- 87 Sykes, James 1777- 78 Tilton, James 1783- 85 Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777- 82 Vining, John 1784- 86 Wharton, Samuel 1782- 83 MAEYLAND. Alexander, Robert 1775- 77 Carmichael, William 1778- 80 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton 1776- 78 Carroll, Daniel 1780- 84 Chase, Jeremiah T 1783- 84 Chase, Samuel 1774- 78 " 1784- 85 Contee, Benjamin 1787- 88 Forbes, James 1778- 80 Forrest, Uriah 17SG- 87 TABULAR RECORDS. Goldsborough, Robert 1774- 75 Hall, John 1775- 76 " " 1783- 84 Hanson, John 1781- 83 Harrison, William 1785- 87 Hemsley, William 1782- 84 Henry, John 1778- 81 " " 1784- 87 Hindman, William 1784- 87 Howard, John E 1787- 88 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas 1778- 82 Johnson, Thomas 1775- 77 Lee, Thomas Sim 1783-- 84 Lloyd, Edward 1783- 84 Martin, Luther 1784- 8o McHeury, James 1783- 8G Paca, William 1774- 79 Plater, George 1778- 81 Potts, Richard -. 1781- 82 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785- 87 Ridgely. Richard 1785- 8G Rogers, John 1775- 76 Ross, David 1786- 87 Rumsey, Benjamin 1776- 78 Scott, Gustavus 1784- 85 Seney, Joshua 1787- 88 Smith, William 1777- 78 !<tone, Thomas Declined 1775- 79 " " " 1784- 85 Tilghman, Matthew 1774- 77 Wright, Turbett 1781- 82 VIRGINIA. Adams, Thomas ^I 8 8 . 2 Banister, John 1778 79 Bland, Richard 1774- 76 Bland, Theodoric 17r-:0- 83 Braxton, Carter 1776- 76 Brown, John 1787- 88 Carrington, Edward 1785- 86 Fitzhugh, William 1779- 80 Fleming, William 1779- 81 Grayson, William 1784- 87 Griffin, Cyrus 1778- 81 " : 1787- 88 Hardy, Samuel 1783- S5 Harrison, Benjamin 1774- 78 Harvie, John 1778 79 Henry, James 1780- 81 Henry, Patrick 1774- 7G Jefferson, Thomas 1775- 77 " 1783- 85 Jones. Joseph 1777- 78 " 1780- 83 Lee, Arthur 1781- 84 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 1775- 80 Lee, Henry 1785- 88 Lee, Richard Henry 1774- 80 " " " 1784- 87 Madison, James, Jr 1780- 83 " " 178G- 88 Mercer, James 1779- 80 Mercer, John F 1782- 85 Monroe, James 1783- 86 Nelson, Thomas 1775- 77 " 1779- 80 Page, Mann 1777- 77 Pendleton, Edmund 1774- 75 Randolph, Edmund 1779- 82 Randolph, Peyton 1774- 75 Smith, Merewether 1778- 82 Washington, George 1774- 75 Wythe, George 1775- 77 NORTH CAROLINA. Ashe, John B 1787- 88 Bloodworth, Timothy 1786- 87 Blount, William 1782- 83 " 1786- 87 Burke, Thomas 1777- 81 Burton, Robert 1787- 88 Caswell, Richard 1774- 76 Cumming, William 1784- 84 Harnett, Cornelius 1777- 60 Hawkins, Benjamin 1781- 84 " " 178fi- 87 Hewes, Joseph 1774- 77 " " 1779- 80 Hill, Whitmill 1778- 81 Hooper, William 1774- 77 Johnston, Samuel 1780- 82 Jones, Allen 1779- 80 Jones, Willie 1780- 81 Nash, Abner 1782- 84 " 1785- 86 Penn, John 1775- 76 " " 1777- 80 Sharpe, William 1779- 82 Sitgreaves, John 1784- 85 Spaight, Richard D 1783- 85 Swan, John 1787- 88 White, Alexander 1786- 88 Williams. John 1778- 79 Williamson, Hugh 1782- 85 " " 1787- 88 SOUTH CAROLINA. Bee, Thomas 1780- 82 Beresford, Richard 1783- 85 Bull, John 1784- 87 Cutler, Pierce 1787- 88 Drayton, William Henry 1778- 79 Eveleigh, Nicholas 1781- 82 Gadsden, Christopher 1774- 7G Gervais, John L ...1782- 83 Heyward, Thomas, Jr 1776- 78 Huger, Daniel 1786- 88 Hutson, Richard 1778- 79 Izard, Ralph 1782-V3 Kean, John 1785- 87 Kinloch, Francis 1780- 81 Laurens, Henry 1777- 80 Lynch, Thomas 1774- 76 Lynch, Thomas, Jr 177G- 77 Matthews, John 1778- 82 Middleton, Arthur 177G- 78 " " 1781- 83 Middleton, Henry 1774- 76 Motte, Isaac 1780- 82 Parker, John 1786- S8 Pinckney, Charles 1777- 78 " " ....1784- 87 Ramsay, David 1782- 84 " " " 1785- S6 Read, Jacob 1783- 85 Rutledge, Edward 1774- 77 Rutledge, John 1774- 77 " " 1782- 83 Ti-apier, Paul 1777- 78 Tucker, Thomas T 1787- 88 GEORGIA. Baldwin, Abraham 1785- 88 Brownsou, Nathan 1776- 78 Bullock, Archibald 1775- 7G Clay, Joseph 1778- 80 Few, William 17*0- 82 " " 178. r >- 88 Gibbons, William 1784- 86 Gwinnett, Button 177fi- 77 Habersham, John 1785- 86 Hall, Lyman 1775- 79 Houston, John 1775- 77 Houston, William 1784- 87 TABULAR RECORDS. 1780- 81 Telfair, Edward 1780- 83 Howley, Richard W T alton, George 1776- 79 Jones, Noble Wimberly U U l 1781 83 U U 1780- 81 Wood, Joseph 1777- 79 Langworthy, Edward 1786- 87 Zubly, John J 1775- 76 Pierce, W Telfair. Edward !777- 79 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. Peyton Randolph.... Henry Middleton.... , Peyton Randolph John Hancock Henry Laurens 1 John Jay Samuel Huntington. Thomas McKean Fiom. .Virginia .South Carolina.. .Virginia .Massachusetts .. .South Carolina . .New York .Connecticut .Delaware FROM 1774 Elected. .Sept. 5, 1774. .Oct. 22, 1774. .May 10, 1775. .May 24, 1775. Nov. 1, 1777. ,Dec. 10, 1778. .Sept. 28, 1779. July 10, 1781. TO 1788. John Hanson Elias Boudinot Thomas Mifflin Richard Henry Lee Nathaniel Gorham.. Arthur St. Clair Cyrus Griffin From. ...Maryland ...New Jersey ...Pennsylvania.. ...Virginia ...Massachusetts ...Pennsylvania.. ...Virginia Elected. .Nov. 5, 1781. .Nov. 4, 1782. .Nov. 3, 1783. .Nov. 30, 1784. .June 6, 1786. .Feb. 2, 1787. .Jan. 22, 1788. SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows: September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadel phia; December 20, 1776, at Baltimore; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania: September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsyl- j the first Monday in November, pursuant to the Arti- vania; July 2J 1778, at Philadelphia; June 30, 1783, j cles of Confederation. at Princeton, New Jersey; November 26, 1783, at Annapolis, Maryland; November 1, 1784, at Trenfon, New Jersey; January 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781 to 1788 Congress met amaually on ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DELEGATES OF THE STATES AFFIXED TO OUK NAMES, SEND GREETING: WHEREAS, The Delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did, on the fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thou sand seven hundred and seventy -seven, and in the second year of the independence of America, agree to certain articles of confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Con necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz. ; Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between tlie States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and. Providence Plantations, Connecti cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. ARTICLE 1. The style of this confederacy shall be> " The United States of America." ART. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, free dom, and independence, and every power, jurisdic tion and right which is not by this confederation ex pressly delegated to the United Stales in Congress assembled. AET. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league ot friendship with each other for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other against all fouce offered to, or at tacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty^ trade, or any other pretence whatever. ART. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mu tual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free inhabit ants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States; and the people of each State shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im positions, and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively; provided that such restrictions shall not extend so tar as to prevent the removal of prop erty imported into any State to any other State, of which the owner is an inhabitant; provided also, that no imposition, duties, or restriction, shall be laid by any State on the property of the United States or either of them. If any person guilty of or charged with treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor, in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or Ex ecutive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having juris diction of his offense. Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State. ART. 5. For the more convenient management of the general interests of the United States, Delegates shall be annually appointed in such mauner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November in every TABULAR K E C O K D S . year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the re mainder of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a Delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a Delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States; for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or emolutions of any kind. Each State shall Maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as mem bers of the committee of the States. In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress; and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrest and im prisonments during the time of their going to and from and attendance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. ART. 6. No State, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any king, prince, or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept of any present, emolu ment, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or alliance whatever, between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress to the courts of France and Spain. No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled for the defense of such State or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace except such number only, as in the judgment of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts neces sary for the defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. No State shall engage in any war without the con sent of the United States in Congress assembled, un less such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commis sions to any ships or vessels of war nor letters- of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or State, and the sub jects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine other wise. ART. 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointments. ART. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general warfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a com mon treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State granted to or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legis latures of the several States, within the time agreed upon by the United Stales in Congress assembled. ART. 9. The United States in Congress assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article of sending and re ceiving embassadors entering into treaties and alli ances; provided, that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners as their own people are sub jected to or from prohibitiag the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever of establishing rules for deciding in all cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures; provided, that no Member of Congress shall be ap pointed a judge of any of the said Courts. The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differ ences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise be tween two or more States concerning boundary, juris diction, or any other cause whatever; which author ity shall always be exercised in the manner folio wing: whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversey with another shall present a petition to Congress, stating the mat ter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legislative and executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties, by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and deter mining the matter in question; but if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the peti tioners beginning, ttntil the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven nor more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be drawn TAIJULAK RECORDS. out by lot; and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any fiveof them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the determination; and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present snail refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three x persons out of each State, and the Secretary of Con gress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment and sentence of the court, to be appointed in the manner before pre scribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear, or defend their claim or cause, the court shall, nevertheless, proceed to pro nounce sentence or judgment, which shall, in like manner, be final and decisive, the judgment or sen tence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the Acts of Congress for the security of the parties concerned ; provided, that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior Court of the State, where the cause shall be tried, "well and truly to hear and determine the matter iu ques tion, according to the best of his judgment, without favor, affection, or hope of reward"; provided, also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States. All controversies concerning the private right of soil, claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdiction as they may respect such lands and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the peti tion of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States. The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regu lating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States fixing the standard of weights and measures through out the United States regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians not members of any of the States; provided that the legislative right of any State within its own limits be not in fringed or violated establishing and regulating post- offices from one State to another throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same, as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office appointing all officers of the land forces in the service of the United States excepting regimental officers appoint ing all the officers of the naval forces, and commis sioning all officers whatever in the service of the United States making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces and directing their operations. The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a Committee to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated "a Committee of the States," and to consist of one delegate from each State; and to appoint such other Committees and civil officers as may be necessary for mauagine the general affairs of the United States, under their direction to appoint one of their number to preside Provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of a years to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses to borrow money or emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans mitting every half year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted to build and equip a navy to agree upon the num ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State; which requisition shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a sol dier-like manner, at the expense of the United States- and the officers and men so clothed, armed, ana equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled; but if the United States in Congress assembled, shall, on consideration of cir cumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise men, or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other State should raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and equipped, in the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the Legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot safely be spared out of the same; in which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm, and equip as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled. The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and welfare of the United States or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appro priate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels- of-war to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a Com mander-in-chief of the army and navy, unless nine States assent to the same; nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the United States in Congress assembled. The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months; and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof re lating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment requires secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the Delegates of each State on any question shall be entered.on the journal, when it is desired by any Delegate; and the Delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the Legislatures of the several States. ART. 10. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the re cess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress assembled, by the con sent of nine States, shall from time to time think ex pedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the Congress of the United States assembled is requisite. TABULAR RECORDS. ART. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advan tages of this Union; but no other colony shall be ad mitted in the same unless such admission be agreed to by nine States. ART. 1:2. All bills of credit emitted, money bor rowed, and debts contracted, by or under the au thority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present confedera tion, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfac tion whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. ART. 13. Every State shall abide by the decision of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by this confederation, are submit ted to them. And the articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the Legislature of every State. And whereas it has pleased the great Governor of the world to incline the hearts of the Legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confed eration and perpetual Union; know ye that we, the undersigned Delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do, by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective c mstituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm e ich and every of the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, and all and singular the mat ters and things therein contained; and we do further solemnly pledge and engage the faith of our respect ive constituents, that they shall abide by the deter minations of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by the said confederation, are submitted to them; and that the Articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respect ively represent; and that the Union be perpetual. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, in Congress. Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight, and in the third year of the independ ence of America. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Josiah Bartlett, John Weutworth, Jr. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. John Hancock, Francis Dana, Samuel Adams, James Lovell, Elbridge Gerry, Samuel Holton. RHODE ISLAND. William Ellery. Henry Marchant, John Collins. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, Oliver Wolcott, Samuel Huntington, Titus Hosmer, Andrew Adams. James Duane, Francis Lewis, NEW YORK. William Duer, Governeur Morris. NEW JERSEY. John Witherspoon, Nath. Scudder. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Morris, Jonathan Bayard Smith, Daniel Roberdeau, William Clingan, Joseph Reed. DELAWARE. Thomas McKean, John Dickinson, Nicholas Van Dyke. John Hanson, MARYLAND. Daniel Carroll. VIRGINIA. Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Adams, John Banister, John Harvie, Francis Lightfoot Lee. NORTH CAROLINA. John Penn, Cornelius Harnett. John Williams. SOUTH CAROLINA. Henry Laurens, John Matthews, William Henry Drayton, Richard Hutson, Thomas Heyward, Jr. GEORGIA. George Walton, Edward Telfair, Edward Langworthy. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. [CAREFULLY COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL.] We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranqnility, provide for the common de fence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre sentatives. SEC. 2. The House of Representatives shall be com posed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for elect ors of the most numerous branch of the State Legis lature. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be ap portioned among the several States which may be in cluded within this Union, according to their respect ive numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not ex ceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hamp- T A B U L A R RECORDS. shire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from antf State the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of Impeachment. . SEC. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Sen ator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in con sequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one- third may be chosen, every second year; and if vacan cies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tcmpore in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im peachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside ; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualifica tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party con victed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to in dictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, accord ing to law. SEC. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday of December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SEC. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own mem bers, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized ito compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the rules of its proceed ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceed ings and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither House during the session of Congress, shall without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SEC. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer tained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emolutions whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his con tinuance in office. SEC. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall origin ate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it be comes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objection at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera tion, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be recon sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law; in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the con currence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjourn ment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall berepassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representative, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SEC. 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and ex cises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies through out the United States; T A K U L A K R E C O K D S . To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; To provide for the punishment of counterfeit ing the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and invent ors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To define and punish piracies and felonies commit ted on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and re pel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them, as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Con gress; To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases what soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Gov ernment of the United States, and to exercise like au thority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and prop er for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any de partment or officer thereof. SEC. 9. The migration or importation of such per sons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion, or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, un less in proportion to the census or enumeration here inbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. SEC. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, al liance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, ex cept what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the re vision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Repre sentatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or per son holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [*The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of i,he Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Sen ate. The President of the Senate shall, in the pres ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a ma jority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such major ity, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by bal lot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Presi dent, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President. ] *This clause within brackets has been superseded and an nulled by the 12th amendment. TABULAR RECORDS. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural -born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Presi dent; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty- five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resig nation, or inability, both of the President and Vice- President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be in creased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation : "/ do solemnly swear (or affirm} that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." SEC. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may re quire the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any sub ject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and par dons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two- thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other pub lic Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law, but the Con gress, may by law vest the appointment of such in ferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of De partments. The President shall have power to rill up all vacan cies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SEC. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration "such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other pub lic Ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the offi cers of the United States. SEC. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde meanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stilted times receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SEC. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to w r hich the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States: and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have orig inal jurisdiction. In all the other cases beibre men tioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris diction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach ment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con gress may by law have directed. SEC. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in ad hering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the pun ishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except dur ing the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SEC. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Ex ecutive authority of the State from which he lied, be delivered up to be removed to the State having juris diction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. TABULAR RECORDS. SEC. 3. New States may be admitted by the Con gress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the con sent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have, power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular State. SEC. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of gov ernment, and shall protect each of them against in vasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be con vened), against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of the House shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legis latures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and pur poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro posed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitu tion as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitu tion; but no religious test shall e\er be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con stitution between the States so ratifying the same. DONE in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of Septem ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. IN WITNESS whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia. NEW HAMPSHIRE. John Langdon, Nicholas Oilman. MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. CONNECTICUT. William S. Johnson, Roger Sherman. NEW YORK. Alexander Hamilton. NEW JERSEY. William Livingston, David Brearley, William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverueur Morris. DELAWARE. George Read, Jacob Broom, John Dickinson, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. MARYLAND. James McHenry, Daniel Carroll, Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. VIRGINIA. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. NORTH CAROLINA. William Blount, Hugh Williamson, Richard D. Speight. SOUTH CAROLINA. J. Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest: WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION IN CONVENTION. MONDAY, September 17, 1787. Resolved, That the preceding Constitution be laid before the United States in Congress assembled; and that it is the opinion of this Convention that it should afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by the people thereof, under the recommendation of its Legislature, for their as sent and ratification; and that each Convention as senting to and ratifying the same should give notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. Rewired, That it is the opinion of this Convention that, as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified this Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled should fix a day on which Elect ors should be appointed by the States which shall have ratified the same, and a day on which Electors should assemble to vote for the President, and the WHICH FORMED THE CONSTITUTION. I time and place for commencing proceedin.gs under ! this Constitution; that after such publication, the Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected ; that the Electors should, meet on the day fixed for the election of the Presi dent, and should transmit their votes, certified, signed, sealed, and directed, as the Constitution re quires, to the Secretary of the United States in Con gress assembled ; that the Senators and Representa- tives should convene at the time and place assigned; i that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening, and counting the votes for President; and that, after he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the President, should, without delay, proceed to execute this Constitution. By the unanimous order of the Convention. GEO. WASHINGTON, President. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. T A B U L A K K E C O R D S . LETTER OF THE CONVENTION TO THE OLD CONGRESS. IN CONVENTION. September 17, 1787. SIR: We have now the honor to submit to the con sideration of the United States in Congress assembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us the most advisable. The friends of our country have long seen and de sired that the power of making war, peace, and trea ties; that of levying money, and regulating com merce, and the correspondent executive and judicial authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in the General Government of the Union; but the im propriety of delegating such extensive trust to one body of men is evident; hence results the necessity of a different organization. It is obviously impracticable in the Federal Gov ernment of these States to secure all rights of inde pendent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into society must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must de fend as well on situation and circumstances as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with precision the line between those rights which must be surrendered and those which may be reserved; and, on the present occasion, this difficulty was increased by a difference among the several States as to their situation, extent, habits, and par ticular interests. In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consol idation of our Union, in which is involved our pros perity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national exist ence. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude than might have been otherwise expected; and thus the Constitution, which we now present, is the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and confession which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable. That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every State is not, perhaps, to be expected; but each will doubtless consider that, had her interest been alone consulted, the consequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others. That it is liable to as few exceptions as could reason ably have been expected, we hope and believe. That it may promote the lasting welfare of that country so dear to us all, and secure her freedom and happiness, is our most ardent wish. With great respect, we have the honor to be, sir, your Excellency s most obedient, humble servants. By unanimous order of the Convention. GEO. WASHINGTON, President. His Excellency, the PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS. PROCEEDINGS IN THE OLD CONGRESS. UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. FRIDAY, September 28, 1787. Present New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecti cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia; and from Maryland, Mr. Ross. Congress having received the report of the Conven tion lately assembled in Philadelphia, Resolved, unanimously, That the said report, with the resolutions and letter accompanying the same, be transmitted to the several Legislatures, in order to be submitted to a Convention of Delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the Convention made and provided in that case. CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary. STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the reso lution of the Congress of the Confederation of Feb ruary 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as follows, viz. : By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787 By Convention of Pennsylvania... December 12, 1787 By Convention of New Jersey December 18, 1787 By Convention of Georgia January 2, 1788 By Convention of Connecticut By Convention of Massachusetts. By Convention of Maryland By Convention of South Carolina. By Convention of New Hampshire By Convention of Virginia By Convention of New York By Convention of North Carolina. By Convention of Rhode Island.. .January 9, 1788 .February 6, 1788 April 28, 1788 .May 23. 1788 June 21, 1788 June 26, 1788 July 26, 1788 November 21, 1788 May 29, 1790 ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an estab lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to as semble, and to petition the Government for redress of grievances. ARTICLE IL A well regulated militia being necessary to the se curity of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their per sons, houses, papefs, and effects, against unreason able searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and. no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly de TABULAR RECORDS. scribing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private prop erty be taken for public use without just compensa tion. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall en joy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an im partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in con troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XH. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-Presi dent, and they shall make distinct lists of all per sons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in pres ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Elect ors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist oi a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The per son having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President shall be the Vice-President, if such number- be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap pointed ; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitution ally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligi ble to that of Vice-President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servi tude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immu nities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. SEC. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respect ive numbers, counting the whole number of persona in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the exec utive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or i n my way abridged, except for participation in rebel lion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole num ber of male citizens, twenty-one years of age, in such State. SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representa tive in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice- President, or hold any office, civil or military, under ihe United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judi cial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrec- ion or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, ay a vote of two-thirda of each House, remove such disability. TABULAE RECORDS. SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts in curred for payment of pensions and bounties for ser vices in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obliga tion incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any cla im for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SEC. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [The following is prefixed to the first ten* of the preceding amendments.] CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. The Convention of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, ex pressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the government will best insure the beneficent end of its institution, Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representa tive* of the United States of America, in Congress as sembled, two-thirds of both houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitu tion of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legisla tures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz: Articles in addition to, and amendent of, the Con stitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the original Constitution. The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as follows, viz: By New Jersey November 20, 1789. By Maryland December 19, 1789. By North Carolina December 22, 1789. By South Carolira January 19, 1790. By New Hampshire January 2.">, 1790. By Delaware January By Pennsylvania March By New York March By Rhode Island June By Vermont November 3, 1791. By Virginia December 15, 1791. 28, 1790. 10, 1790. 27, 1790. 15, 1790. [The following is prefixed to the eleventh of the preceding amendments.] THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVA NIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREK. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of tlie United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the fol- several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States; which, when ratified by three- fourths of the said Legislatures, shall be valid as part* lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the of the said Constitution, viz: [The following is prefixed to the twelfth of the preceding amendments.] EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of the third paragraph of the first section of the Second Article of the Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment to the Consti tution of the United States; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, to wit: The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session of the first Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, *Itmay be proper here to state that twelve articles of amend ment were proposed by the first Congress, of which but ten were ratified by the States the first and second in order not having been ratified by the requisite number of States. These two were as follows: Article First After the first enumeration required by the First Article >,f the Constitution, there shall be one Represent ative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regu lated by Congress that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representa tive to every fifty thousand persons. ^ Article Second- No law varying the compensation for the ser vices of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. TABULAR RECORDS. March 5, 1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to both Houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional number of States in 1804, ac cording to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of State, dated September 25 of the same year. [The following is prefixed to the thirteenth of the preceding amendments.] THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOXD SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON THE FIRST DAY OF FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. Eesolvcd, by tlie, Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the fol lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three- fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid, to all in tents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution, namely: This amendment was declared adopted on the 18th I day of December, 1865, at which time it had been duly ratified by the Legislatures of the States ol Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio. Missouri, Nevada, In diana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Geor gia in all, twenty-seven States. [The following is prefixed to the fourteenth of the preceding amendments.] THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON THE SIXTEENTH DAY OF JUNE, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SIX. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Represent atives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment to the Consti tution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : This amendment was declared adopted on the 20th day of July, 1868, at which time it had been duly- ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Connecti cut, New Hampshire, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minneso ta, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Ala bama in all, twenty-nine States. [The following is prefixed to the fifteenth of the preceding amendments.] FORTIETH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE LAST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF FEBRUARY, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the fol lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three- fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely: This amendment, as appears from the Proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, was CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Off EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE. ratified by the Legislatures of the States of North Carolina, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Maine, Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, Penn sylvania, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, In diana, New York, New Hampshire, Nevada, Vermont, Virginia, Alabama, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Iowa, Kansas. Minnesota, Rhode Island, Nebraska, and Texas in all, twenty-nine States. It should be added that New York withdrew her vote, and Georgia took her place in the affirmative. TABULAE RECORDS. SESSIONS OF THE FEDERAL CONGRESS. (OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOR THIS WORK.) STATEMENT Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress Mid under the Present Constitution, \cith the number of Days in each. Congress. Session From To- Year of In dependence Number of days in eae session. Where held. ( 1 March 4, 1789 September29, 1789 13 210 New York. 1 2 January 4, 1790 August 12, 1790 14 221 do. 1 3 December 6, 1790 March 3, 1791 15 88 Philadelphia. =>/ 1 October 24, 1791 May 8, 1792 16 197 do. 2 i 2 November 5, 1792 March 2, 1793 17 119 do. <*/ 1 December 2, 1793 June 9, 1794 18 190 do. 3 i 2 November 3, 1794 March 3, 1795 19 121 do. A l 1 December 7, 1795 June 1, 1796 20 177 do. M 2 December 5, 1796 March 3, 1797 21 89 do. r 1 May 15, 1797 July 10, 1797 21 57 do. 5\ 2 November 13, 1797 July 16, 1798 22 246 do. I 3 December 3, 1798 March 3, 1799 23 91 do. R/ 1 December 2, 1799 May 14, 1800 24 164 do. 6 i 2 November 17, 1800 March 3, 1801 25 107 Washington. 7/ 1 December 7, 1801 May 3, 1802 26 148 do. 7 1 2 December 6, 1802 March 8, 1803 27 88 do. 8/ 1 October 17, 1803 March 27, 1804 28 163 do. 8 t 2 November 5, 1804 March 3, 1805 29 119 do. Q J 1 December 2, 1805 April 21, 1806 30 141 do. 9 i 2 December 1, 1806 March 3, 1807 31 93 do. 10 / 1 October 26, 1807 April 25, 1808 32 182 do. 10 I 2 November 7, 1808 March 3, 1809 33 117 do. f 1 May 22, 1809 June 28, 1809 33 38 do. 11 \ 2 November 27, 1809 May 1, 1810 34 156 do. ( 3 December 3, 1810 March 3, 1811 35 91 do. 12 1 1 November 4, 1811 July 6, 1812 36 245 do. 12 I 2 November 2, 1812 March 3, 1813 37 122 do. r 1 May 24, 1813 August 2, 1813 37 71 do. 13 ] 2 December 6, 1813 April 18, 1814 38 134 do. ( 3 September 19, 1814 March 3, 1815 39 166 do. 14 J 1 December 4, 1815 April 30, 1816 40 148 do 14 I 2 December 2, 1816 March 3, 1817 41 92 do. 15 1 1 December 1, 1817 April 30, 1818 42 141 do. 15 1 2 November 16, 1818 March 3, 1819 43 108 do. 16 { 1 December 6, 1819 May 15, 1820 44 162 do. 15 I 2 November 13, 1820 March 3, 1821 45- 111 do. 17 1 1 December 3, 1821 May 8, 1822 46 157 do. 17 I 2 December 2, 1822 March 3, 1823 47 92 do. 18 j 1 December 1, 1823 May 27, 1824 48 178 do. 10 \ 2 December 6, 1824 March 3, 1825 49 88 do. 19 { 1 December 5, 1825 May 22, 1826 50 169 do. I 2 December 4, 1826 March 3, 1827 51 90 do. 20 1 1 December 3, 1827 May 26, 1828 52 175 do. ^ u \ 2 December 1, 1828 March 3, 1829 53 93 do. 21 1 1 December 7, 1829 May 31, 1830 54 176 do. \ . 2 December 6, 1830 March 3, 1831 55 88 do. 22l 1 December 5, 1831 July 16, 1832 56 225 do. \ 2 December 3, 1832 March 3, 1833 57 91 do. 23 j 1 December 2, 1833 June 30, 1834 58 211 do. I 2 December 1, 1834 March 3, 1835 59 93 do. 24 1 1 December 7, 1835 July 4, 1836 60 211 do. \ 2 December 5, 1836 March 3, 1837 61 89 do. f 1 September 4, 1837 October 16, 1837 61 43 do. 25 2 December 4, 1837 July 9, 1838 62 218 do. I 3 December 3, 1838 March 3, 1839 63 91 do. 26 [ 1 December 2, 1839 July 21, 1840 64 233 do. I 2 December 7, 1840 March 3, 1841 65 87 do. J 1 2 May 31, 1841 December 6, 1841 September 13, 1841 August 31, 1842 65 66 106 269 do. do. (. 3 December 5, 1842 March 3, 1843 67 89 do. 28J 1 December 4, 1843 June 17, 1844 68 196 do. I 2 December 2, 1844 March 3, 1845 69 92 do. 29 { 1 2 December 1, 1845 December 7, 1846 August 10, 1846 March 3, 1847 70 71 253 87 do. do. TABULAR RECORDS. xri Congress. Session. From To- Year of In dependence. Number of days in each Session. Where held. 30J 1 2 December 6, 1847 December 4, 1848 August 14, 1848 March 3, 1849 72 73 254 90 Washington, do. 31 [ 1 December 3, 1849 September 30, 1850 74 302 do. \ 2 December 2, 1850 March 3, 1851 75 92 do. 32 [ 1 December 1, 1851 August 31, 1852 76 275 do. I 2 December 6, 1852 March 3, 1853 77 88 do. 33J 1 December 5, 1853 August 7, 1854 78 246 do. I 2 December 4, 1854 March 3, 1855 79 90 do. ? 1 December 3, 1855 August 18, 1856 80 260 do. 34 1 2 August 21, 1856 August 30, 1856 80 10 do. i. 3 December 1, 1856 March 3, 1857 81 93 do. 35/ 1 December 7, 1857 June 1, 1858 82 177 do. 1 2 December 6, 1858 March 3, 1859 83 88 do. 36 / 1 December 5, 1859 June 18, 1860 84 196 do. I 2 December 3, 1860 March 3, 1861 85 93 do. f 1 July 3, 1861 August 6, 1861 85 34 do. 37 2 December 2, 1861 July 17, 1862 86 228 do. 1 3 December 1, 1862 March 3, 1863 87 94 do. 38/ 1 December 7, 1863 July 2, 1864 88 209 do. 1 2 December 5, 1864 March 3, 1865 89 90 do. 39 J 1 December 4, 1865 July 28, 1866 90 237 do. I 2 December 3, 1866 March 3, 1867 91 92 do. 1 March 4, 1867 March 30, 1867 91 26 do. 2 July 3, 1867 July 20, 1867 91 18 do. 40- 3 November 21, 1867 December 2, 1867 91 12 do. 4 December 2, 1867 July 27, 1868 92 239 do. 5 December 7, 1868 March 3, 1869 93 88 do. 1 March 4, 1869 April 10, 1869 93 38 do. I 41- 2 December 2, 1869 July 15, 1870 94 226 do. 3 December 5, 1870 March 3, 1871 95 90 do. f 1 March 4, 1871 April 20, 1871 95 47 do. 42 j 2 December 4, 1871 June 10, 1872 96 190 do. 1 3 December 2, 1872 March 3, 1873 97 91 do. 43 / 1 December, 1873 June 23, 1874 98 204 do. I 2 December, 1874 March 3, 1875 99 93 do. 44 { 1 December 6, 1875 August 17, 1876 100 256 do. 2 December 4, 1876 March 3, 1877 101 90 do. f 1 October 15, 1877 December 3, 1877 102 48 do. 45-^ 2 December 3, 1877 June 20, 1878 102 200 do. i 3 December 2, 1878 March 3, 1879 103 92 do. f 1 March 18, 1879 July 1, 1879 104 104 do. 46-^ 2 December 1, 1879 June 16, 1880 104 198 do. ( 3 December 6, 1880 March 3, 1881 105 88 do. 47 / 1 December 5, 1881 August 8, 1882 106 247 do. \ 2 December 4, 1882 March 3, 1883 107 90 do. 48 ( 1 December 3, 1883 July 7, 1884 108 247 do. I 2 December 2, 1884 March 3, 1885 109 93 do. 49 [ 1 December 7, 1885 August 5, 1886 110 251 do. I 2 December 6, 1886 March 3, 1887 111 88 do. VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE Ex-officio. CoNonzss. CONGRESS. 1 to 4. John Adams, Massachusetts. 33 and 34. (Vacant.) 5 and 6. Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 35 and 36. John C. Breckenridge, Kentucky. 7 and 8. Aaron Burr, New York. 37 and 38. Hannibal Hamlin, Maine. 9 to 12. George Clinton,* New York. 39. Andrew Johnson, f Tennessee. 13 and 14. Elbridge Gerry,* Massachusetts. 40. (Vacant.) 15 to 18. Daniel D. Tompkins, New York. 41 and 42. Schuyler Colfax, Indiana. 19 to 22. John C. Calhoun,t South Carolina. 43. Henry Wilson,* Massachusetts. 23 and 24. Martin Van Buren, New York, 44. (Vacant.) 25 and 26. Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 45 and 46. William A. Wheeler, New York. 27. John Tyler,} Virginia. 47. Chester A. Arthur, || New York. 29 and 30. George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania. 48. (Vacant.) 81. Millard Fillmore,? New York. 49. Thomas A. Hendricks,* Indiana. 32. William R. King,* Alabama. * Died in Office. + Resigned December 28, 1832. i Became President by death of Harrison. 2 Became President by death of Taylor. 1 Became President by Death of Lincoln. H Became President by death of Oarfield. TABULAR RECORDS. PRESIDENTS PRO TEM. OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. CONGRKSS. CONGRESS. 1st. John Langdou, New Hampshire. 19th. Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 9 , f Richard Henry Lee, \ John Langdon, Virginia. New Hampshire. f Nathaniel Macon, tn \ Samuel Smith, Maryland. f Ralph Izard, South Carolina. 21st. Samuel Smith, , ^ t Henry Tazewell, . ., f Samuel Livermore, \ William Biugham, William Bradford, Virginia. New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. 00 , / Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia. * \ Hugh L. White. Tennessee, -.oj f George Poindexter, Mississippi. ^ a I John Tyler, Virginia. Jacob Read, South Carolina. 24th. William R. King, Alabama. 5th. - Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. 25th. William R. King, John Laurance, New York. 26th. William R. King, James Ross, Samuel Rivermore, Pennsylvania. New Hampshire. , f Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey. -J7tn. j Will i e p. Mangum, North Carolina. Uriah Tracy, Connecticut. 28th. Willie P. Mangum, John E. Howard, Maryland. 29th. David R. Atchison, Missouri. James Hillhouse, Connecticut. 30th. David R. Atchison, 7<-1 f Abraham Baldwin, Georgia. 31st. William R. King, Alabama. (Stephen R. Bradley, Vermont. 32d. William R. King, f John Browne, Kentucky. 33d. David R. Atchison, Missouri. 8th. ] Jesse Franklin, North Carolina. 34th. Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. I Joseph Anderson, Tennessee. 35th. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Alabama. Q+ , f Samuel Smith, t Samuel Smith, Maryland. , 1 Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. ltn \ Solomon Foot, Vermont. f Samuel Smith, " 37th. Solomon Foot, 10th. j Stephen R. Bradley, Vermont. or,, , / Solomon Foot, ( John Milledge, Georgia. \ Daniel Clark, New Hampshire. f Andrew Gregg, Pennsylvania. 39th. LaFayette S. Foster, Connecticut. llth. 1 John Gaillard, South Carolina. 40th. Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio. (. John Pope, Kentucky. 41st. Henry B. Anthony, Rhode Island. 1 ->th / William H. Crawford, Georgia. 42d. Henry B. Anthony, \ Joseph B. Varnum, Massachusetts. . i I Matthew H. Carpenter, Wisconsin, 13th. John Gaillard, South Carolina. X Thomas W. Ferrv. Michigan. 14th. John Gaillard, " ^ 44th. Thomas W. Ferry, 1 t 5t v> f John Gaillard, " 45th. Thomas W. Ferry, " \ James Barbour, Virginia. 46th. Allen G. Thurman, Ohio. 16th -f J ames Barbour, " 47th. David Davis, Illinois. \ John Gaillard, South Carolina. 48th. George F. Edmunds, Vermont. 17th. John Gaillard. " 49th. John Sherman, Ohio. 18th. John Gaillard, ii SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES. CONGRESS, CONGRESS- 1st. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania, 2 7 f|^ / Robert M. T. Hunter, Virginia. 2d. Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut. \JohnWhite, Kentucky. 3d. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 28th / John W. Jones, Virginia. 4th. Jonathan Dayton, New .Jersey. 1 George W. Hopkins, pro tern. , ci-L / Jonathan Dayton, " 29th. John W. Davis, Indiana. \ George Dent, pro tern., Maryland. 30th / Robert C. Winthrop, Massachusetts. 6th. Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. \Armistead Burt, pro tern., South Carolina. 7th. Nathaniel Macon, 8th. Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 01 t / Ho well Cobb, Georgia, t R. C. Winthrop, pro lem., Massachusetts. 9th. Nathaniel Macon, " 32d. Linn Boyd, Kentucky. 10th. Joseph B. Varnum, Massachusetts. 33d. Linn Boyd, " llth. Joseph B. Varnum. a 34th. Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts. 12th. Henry Clay, Kentucky. 35th. James L. Orr, South Carolina. 13th / Henrv m & yi Istses., \LangdonCheves, 2d " South Carolina. 36th. William Pennington, New Jersey. 37th. Galusha A. Grow, Pennsylvania. 14th. Henry Clay, Kentucky. 38th. Schuyler Colfax, Indiana. 15th. Henry Clay, It 39th. Schuyler Colfax, " Ifith /Henry Clay, Istses., tn> \JohnW. Taylor, 2d " (1 New York. 40th. Schuyler Colfax, " 4] , f T. M. Pomeroy, one day. 17th. Philip B. Barbour, Virginia. \ James G. Elaine, Maine. 18th. Henry Clay, Kentucky, 42d. James G. Elaine, " 19th. John J. Taylor, New York. 43d. James G. Elaine, " 30th. Andrew Stevenson, 21st. Andrew Stevenson, 22d. Andrew Stevenson, Virginia. tt n 44th / Michael C. Kerr, 1st ses., Indiana. \Saniuel J.Randall, 2d " Pennsylvania. 45th. Samuel J. Randall, " 23d -f Andrew Stevenson, 1st ses., " 46th. Samuel J. Randall, " \ Henry Hubbard, pro tern.. New Hampshire. 47th. J. Warren Keifer, Ohio. 24th. John Bell, 25th. James K. Polk, Tennessee. 48th. John G. Carlisle, Kentucky. 49th. John G. Carlisle, " 86th. Jam. s K. Polk, " TABULAK RECORDS. THE FIRST CONGRESS. Sherman, Roger. 2 Taylor, John. 3 SENATORS. Stanton, Joseph, Jr. Wingate, Paine. John Adams, Vice-President. Strong, Caleb. Bassett, Richard. Johnston, Samuel. Butler, Pierce. King Rufus. Carroll, Charles. Langdon, John. 1. Elected in place of Charles Carroll, resigned. 2. Elected in place of William S. Johnston, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Richard H. Lee, resigned. Dalton, Tristam. Lee, Richard H. R El R ES ENTATIVES. Dickenson, Philemon. 1 Maclay, William. Jonathan Tnunbull, Speaker. Ellsworth, Oliver. Monroe, James. 2 Elmer, Jonathan. Morris, Robert. Few, William. Patterson, William. Foster, Theodore. Read, George. Grayson, William. Schuyler, Philip. Gunn, James. Stanton, Joseph, Jr. Hawkins, Benjamin. Strong, Caleb. Henry, John. Walker, John. 3 Izard, Randolph. Wingate, Paine. Johnson "William S Ames, Fisher. Macon, Nathaniel. Ashe, John B. Madison, James. Baldwin, Abraham. Mercer, John F.2 Barnwell, Robert. Miles, Nathaniel. Benson, Egbert. Milledge, John. 3 Boudinot, Elias. Moore, Andrew. Bourne, Benjamin. Muhlenberg, F. A. Bourne, Shearjashub. Murray, William V. Brown, John. Orr, Alexander D. Clark, Abraham. Page, John. 1. Elected in place of William Patterson, resigned. 2. Elected in place of William Grayson, deceased. 3. Temporarily appointed in place of William Gray- Dayton, Jonathan. Parker, Josiah. Findley, William. Pinkney, William. Fitzsimmons, Thomas. Schoonmaker, C. C. son, deceased. REPRES ENT ATI VES. Gerry, Elbridge. Sedgwick, Theodore. Giles, William B. Seney, Joshua. F. A. Muhlenberg^ Speaker. Gilman, Nicholas. Sheridine, Upton. Ames, Fisher. Leonard, George. Goodhue, Benjamin. Smith, Israel. Ashe, John B. Livermore, Samuel. Gordon, James. Smith, Jeremiah. Baldwin, Abraham. Madison, James. Jr. Grcenup, Christopher. Smith, William. Benson, Egbert. Matthews, George. Gregg, Andrew. Steele, John. Bland, Theodorick. Moore, Andrew. Griffin, Samuel. Sterritt, Samuel. Bloodworth, Timothy. Muhlenberg, Peter. Grove, William B. Sturges, Jonathan. Boudinot, Elias. Page, John. Hartley, Thomas. Sumter, Thomas. Bourne, Benjamin. Parker, Josiah. Heister, Daniel. Sylvester, Peter. Brown, John. Partridge, George. Hillhouse. James. Thatcher, George. Burke, Edanus. Schureman, James. Hindman, William. 1 Tredwell, Thomas. Cadwalader, Lambert. Scott, Thomas. Huger, Daniel. Tucker, Thomas T. Carroll, David. Sedgwick, Theodore. Jacobs, Israel. Venable, Abraham B. Clymer, George. Seney, Joshua. Key, Philip. Vining, John. Coles, Isaac. Sevier, John. Kitchell, Aaron. Wadsworth, Jeremiah. Contee, Benjamin. Sherman, Roger. Kittera, John W. Ward, Artemus. Fitzsimmons, Thomas. Sinnickson. Thomas. Lawrence, John. Wayne, Anthony. Floyd, William. Smith, William. Learned, Amasa. White, Alexander. Foster, Abiel. Smith, William. Lee, Richard B. Williamson, Hugh. Gale, George. Steele, John. Leonard, George. Willis, Francis. Gerry. Elbridge. Stone, Michael J. Livermore, Samuel. Giles, William B.I Sturges, Jonathan. Gilman, Nicholas. Sumter, Thomas. Goodhue, Benjamin. Sylvester, Peter. Grout, Jonathan. Thatcher. George. 1. Elected in place of John Seney, resigned. 2. Elected in place of William Pinkney, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Anthony Wayne, whose seat was declared vacant. Hartley, Thomas. Trumbull, Jonathan. Hathorn, John. Tucker, Thomas T. THE THIRD CONGRESS. Heister, Daniel. Van Renssela;r, Jeremiah. SENATORS. Huger, Daniel. Viniug, John. John Adams, Vice-President. Huntington, Benjamin. Wadsworth, Jeremiah. Jackson, James. White, Alexander. Lawrence, John. Williamson, Hugh. Lee, Richard Bland. Wynkoop, Henry. 1. Elected in place of Theodorick Bland, deceased. Bradford, William. King, Rufus. Bradley, Stephen R. Langdon, John. Brown, John. Latimer, Henry. 1. Burr, Aaron. Livermore, Samuel. Butler, Pierce. Martin, Alexander. THE SECOND CONGRESS. Cabot, George. Mitchell, Stephen N.2 SENATORS. Edwards, John. Monroe, James. John Adams, Vice- President. Bassett, Richard. Hawkins, Benjamin. Bradley, Stephen R. Henry, John. Brown, John. Izard, Ralph. Burr, Aaron. Johnston, Samuel. Butler, Pierce. King, Rufus. Cabot, George. Langdon, John. Carroll, Charles. Lee, Richard H. Dickenson, Philemon. Monroe, James. Ellsworth, Oliver. Morris, Robert. Foster, Theodore. Potts, Richard. Frelinghuysen, Frederick. Robinson, Moses. Gallatin, Albert. Ross, James. 3 Gunn, James. Rutherford, John. Hawkins, Benjamin. Strong, Caleb. Henry, John. Taylor, John. Izard, Ralph. Tazewell, Henry. 4 Jackson, James. Vining, John. Edwards, John. Morris, Robert. 1. Elected in place of George Read, resigned. 2. Ellsworth, Oliver. Potts, Richard. 1 Few, William. Read, George. Foster, Theodore. Robinson, Moses. Elected in place of Roger Sherman, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Albert Gallatin, whose election was declared void. 4. Elected in place of John Tay Gunn, James. Rutherford, John. lor, resigned. XXIV TABULAE RECORDS. REPRESENTATIVES. Goodhne, Benjamin. 1 Potts, Richard. Gunn, James. Read, Jacob. Frederick A. MuJilcnberg, Speaker. Henry, John. Robinson, Mosea. Ames, Fisher. Latimer, Henry. 4 Hillliouse, James. 2 Ross, James. Armstrong, James. Learned, Amasa. Howard, John E.3 Rutherford, John. Bailey, Theodoras. Lee, Richard B. Hunter, John. 4 Sedgwick, Theodore.6 Baldwin, Abraham. Locke, Matthew. Jackson, James. Stockton, Richard.7 Beatty, John. Lyman, William. King, Rufus. Strong, Caleb. Benton, Lemuel. Alacon, Nathaniel. Langdon, John. Tattnall, Josiah.8 Blount, Thomas. Madison, James. Latimer, Henry. Tazewell, Henry. Boudinot, Elias. Malbone, Frauds. Lawrence, John. 5 Tichenor, Isaac. 9 Bourne, Benjamin. McDowell, Joseph. Livermore, Samuel. Tracy, Uriah. 10 Bourne, Shearjashub. Mebane, Alexander. Marshall, Humphrey. Trurnbull, Jonathan. Cadwalader, Lambert. Mercer, John F. Martin, Alexander. Viniug, John. Carnes, Thomas P. Miles, Nathaniel. Mason, Stevens T. Walton, George. 11 Christie, Gabriel. Montgomery, William. Paine, Elijah. Claiborne, Thomas. Moore, Andrew. 1. Elected in place of George Cabot, resigned. 2. Clark, Abraham. Muhlenberg, Peter. Elected in place of Oliver Ellsworth, resigned. 3. Cobb, David. Murray, William Vans. Elected in place of Richard Potts, resigned. 4. Coffin, Peleg, Jr. Neville, Joseph. Elected in place of Pierce Butler, resigned. Coit, Joshua. New, Anthony. 5. Elected in place of Rufus King, resigned, (>. Coles, Isaac. Nicholas John. Dawson, William I. Orr, Alexander D. Dayton, Jonathan. Page, John. Elected in place of Caleb Strong, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Frederick Frelinghuysen, resigned. 8. Elected in place of James Jackson, resigned. 9. Dearborn, Henry. Parker, Josiah. Elected in place of Moses Kobinson, resigned. Dent, George. Patton, John. 10. Elected in place of Jonathan Trumbull, re Dexter, Samuel, Jr. Pickens, Andrew. Duvall, Gabriel. 1 Preston, Francis. signed. 11. Temporarily appointed in place of James Jackson, resigned. Findley, William. Rutherford, Robert. Fitzsimmons, Thomas. Scott, Thomas. REPRESENTATIVES. Forrest, Uriah. Sedgwick, Theodore. Foster, Dwight. Sherburne, John S. JonatJian Dayton, Speaker. Gilbert, Ezekiel. Smilie, John. Ames, Fisher. Groove, William B. Giles, William B. Smith, Israel. Bailey, Theodorus. Hampton, Wade. Gillespie, James. Smith, Jeremiah. Baldwin, Abraham. Hancock, George. Gillon, Alexander. Smith, Samuel. Bard, David. Harper, Robert G. Gil man, Nicholas. Smith, William. Benton, Lemuel. Harrison, Carter B. Glenn, Henry. Sprigg, Thomas. Blount, Thomas. Hartley, Thomas. Goodhue, Benjamin. Swift, Zephaniah. Bowne, Benjamin. Ha thorn, John. Gordon, James. Talbot, Silas. Bradbury, Theophilus. Havens, Jonathan A. Greenup, Christopher. Thatcher, George. Brent, Richard. Heath, John. Gregg, Andrew. Tracy, Uriah. Bryan, Nathan. Heister, Daniel. Griffin, Samuel. Tredwell, Thomas. Buck, Daniel. Henderson, Thomas. Grove, William B. Trumbull, Jonathan. Bnrgess, Dempsey. Hillhouse, James. Hancock, George. Van Allen, John E. Cabell, Samuel J. Hindman, William. Harper, Robert G.2 Van Cortlandt, Philip. Christie, Gabriel. Holland, James. Harrison, Carter B. Van Gaasbeck, Peter. Claiborne, Thomas. Jackson, Andrew. Hartley, Thomas. Venable, Abraham. Clop ton, John. Jackson, George. Heath, John. Wadsworth, Jeremiah. Coit, Joshua. Kitchell, Aaron. Heister, Daniel. Wadsworth, Peleg. Coles, Isaac. Kittera, JohnW. Hillhouse, James. Walker, Francis. Cooper, William. Leonard, George. Hindman, William. Ward, Artemus. Crabb, Jeremiah. Livingstone, Edward. Holten, Samuel. Watts, John. Draik, William.l Locke, Matthew. Hunter, John. Williams, Benjamin. Dana, Samuel W.2 Lyman, Samuel. Irvine, William. Wingate, Paine. Davenport, James. 3 Lyman, William. Kitchel, Aaron. 3 Winston, Joseph. Dearborn, Henry. Maclay, James. Kittera, John W. Wynn, Richard. Dent, George. Macon, Nathaniel. 1. Elected in place of John F. Mercer, resigned. Duvall, Gabriel. Madison, James. 2. Elected in place of Alexander Gillon, deceased. Earle, Samuel. Malbone, Francis. 3. Elected in place of Abraham Clark, deceased. Ege, George. 4 Milledge, John. 4. Successfully contested the election of John Patton. Territorial Delegate. Fendley, William. Moore, Andrew. Foster, Abiel. Morris, James. Foster, Dwight. Muhlenberg, F. A. White, James. Franklin, Jesse. Murray, William V. Freeman, Nathaniel, Jr. New, Anthony. THE FOURTH CONGRESS. Gallatin, Albert. Nicholas, John. Gilbert, Ezekiel. Orr, Alexander D. SEN A TOES. >iles, William B. Page, John. John Adams, Vice- 1* resident. jrillespie, James. Parker, Josiah. Gilman, Nicholas. Patton, John. Bingham, William. Butler, Pierce. Glen, Henry. Potter, Elisha R.5 Blood worth, Timothy. Cabot, George. jroodhue, Benjamin. Preston, Francis. Blount, William. Coeke, William. Goodrich, Chauncey. Reed, John. Bradford, William. Ellsworth, Oliver. Sreenup, Christopher. Richards, John. 6 Brown, John. Foster, Theodore. >regg, Andrew. Rutherford, Robert. Burr, Aaron. Frelinghuysen , Frederick. Griswold, Roger. Sedgwick, Theodore. TABULAR RECORDS. Sherburne, John T. Sitgreaves, Samuel. Skinner, Thomas J.7 Smith, Isaac. Smith, Israel. Smith, Jeremiah. Smith, Nathaniel. Smith, Samuel. Smith, William. Sprigg, Richard, Jr. 8 Sprigg, Thomas. Strudwick, William. 9 Swan wick, John. Swift, Zephaniah. Tatom, Absalom. Thatcher, George. Thomas, Richard. Thompson, Mark. Tracy, Uriah. Van Allen, John E. Van Cortlandt, Philip. Varnum, Joseph B. Venable, Abraham. Wads worth, Peleg. Williams, John. Wynn, Richard. 1. Elected in place of Jeremiah Crabb, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Uriah Tracy, resigned. 3. Elected in place of James Hillhouse, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Daniel Heister, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Benjamin Bourne, resigned. 6. Successfully contested the election of James Morris. 7. Elected in place of Theodore Sedgwick, resigned. 8. Elected in place of Gabriel Duvall, resigned. 9. Elected in place of Absalom Tatom, resigned. THE FIFTH CONGRESS. SENATOES. Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. Anderson, Joseph. 1 Bingham, William. Bloodworthy, Timothy. Blount, William. Bradford, William. Brown, John. Chipman, Nathaniel. 2 Clayton, Joshua. 3 Cocke, William. Davenport, Franklin. 4 Foster, Theodore. Goodhue, Benjamin. Greene, Ray. 5 Gunn, James. Henry, John. Hillhouse, James. Hobart, John S.6 Howard, John E. Hunter, John. Jackson, Andrew. Langdon, John. Latimer, Henry. Livermore, Samuel. Lloyd, James. 7 Marshall, Humphrey. Martin, Alexander. Mason, Stevens T. North, William, 8 Paine, Elijah. Pinckney, Charles.9 Read, Jacob. Ross, James, Rutherford, John. Schuyler, Philip. Sedgwick, Theodore. Smith, Daniel. 10 Stockton, Richard. Tattnall, Josiah. Tazewell, Henry. Tichenor, Isaac. Tracy, Uriah. Vining, John. Watson, James. 11 Wells, William H.I 2 Lawrence, John. 1. Elected in place of William Blount, expelled. 2. Elected in place of Isaac Tichenor, resigned. 3. Elected in place of John Vining, resigned. 4. Appointed in place of John Rutherford, resigned. 5. Elected in place of William Bradford, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Philip Schuyler, resigned. 7. Elected in place of John Henry, resigned. 8. Appointed in place of John S. Hobart, resigned. 9. Elected in place of John Hunter, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Andrew Jackson, resigned. 11. Elected in place of John S. Hobart, resigned. 12. Elected in place of Joshua Clayton, deceased. REPRESENTATIVES. Allen, John. Baer, George W. Baldwin, Abraham. Bard, David. Bartlett, Bailey. 1 Bayard, John A. Benton, Lemuel. Blount, Thomas. Brace, Jonathan. 2 Jonathan Dayton, Speaker. Bradbury, Theophilus. Brent, Richard. Brooks, David. Brown, Robert. 3 Bryan, Nathan. Bullock, Stephen. Burgess, Dempsey. Cabell, Samuel J. Champlin, Christopher G. Chapman, John. Claiborne, Thomas. Claiborne, William C. C. Clay, Matthew. Clop ton, John. Cochran, James. Coit, Joshua. Craik, William. Dana, Samuel W. Davenport, James. Davis, Thomas T. Dawson, John. Dennis, John. Dent, George. Edmond, William. 4 Ege, George. Eggleston, Joseph. 5 Elmendorph, Lucas. Evans, Thomas. Findley, William. Foster, Abiel. Foster, Dwight. Fowler, John. Freeman, Jonathan. Freeman, Nathaniel, Jr. Gallatin, Albert. Giles, William B. Gillespie, James. Glen, Henry. Goodrich, Chauncey. Gordon, William. Gregg, Andrew. Griswold, Roger. Grove, William B. Hanna, John A. Harper, Robert G. Harrison, Carter B. Hartley, Thomas. Havens, Jonathan N. Heister, Joseph. 6 Hindman, William. Holmes, David. Hosmer, Hezekiah L. Imlay, James H. Jones, Walter. Kittera, John W. Livingstone, Edward. Locke, Matthew. Lyon, Matthew. Machir, James. Macon, Nathaniel. Matthews, William. M Clenachan, Blair. McDonald, Joseph. Milledge, John. Morgan, Daniel. Morris, Lewis R. New, Anthony. Nicholas, John. Otis, Harrison G. Parker, Isaac. Parker, Josiah. Pinckney, Thomas. 7 Potter, Elisha R. Reed, John. Rutledge, John, Jr. Schureman, James. Sewall, Samuel. Shepard, William. Sinnickson, Thomas. Sitgreaves, Samuel. Skinner, Thomas J. Smith, Jeremiah, Smith, Nathaniel. Smith, Samuel. Smith, William. Smith, William. Spaight, Richard D.8 Spragne, Pel eg. 9 Sprigg, Richard, Jr. Stanford, Richard. Sumter, Thomas. Swanwick, John. Thatcher, George. Thomas, Richard. Thompson, Mark. Tillinghast, Thomas. 10 Trigg, Abram. Trigg, John. Van Allen, John E. Van Cortlandt, Philip. Varnum, Joseph B. Venable, Abraham. Wadsworth, Peleg. Wain, Robert. 11 Williams, John. Williams, Robert. Lyman, Samuel. 1. Elected in place of Theophilus, Bradbury, re signed. 2. Elected in place of Joshua Coit, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Samuel Sitgreaves, resigned. 4. Elected in place of James Davenport, deceased. 5. Elected in place of William B. Giles, resigned, (i. Elected in place of George Ege, resigned. 7. Elected in place of William Smith, resigned. 8. Elected in place of Nathan Bryan, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Jeremiah Smith, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Elisha R. Potter, resigned. 11. Elected in place of John Swanwick, resigned. THE SIXTH CONGRESS. SENATOBS. Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. Anderson, Joseph. 1 Armstrong, John. 2 Baldwin, Abraham. Bingham, William. Blood worth, Timothy. Brown, John. Chipman, Nathaniel. Cocke, William. Dayton, Jonathan. Dexter, Samuel. Foster, Dwight. 3 Foster, Theodore. Franklin, Jesse. Goodhue, Benjamin Green, Ray. Gunn, James. Hillhouse, James. Hindman, William. 4 XX VI TABULAR RECORDS. Howard, John E. Langdon, Johu. Latimer, Henry. Lawrence, John. Livermore, Samuel. Lloyd, James. Marshall, Humphrey. Mason, Jonathan. 5 Mason, Stephen T. MWris, Gouverneur.6 Nicholas, William C.7 Ogden, Aaron. 8 Paine, Elijah. Pinckney, Charles. Read, Jacob. Ross, James. Schureman, James. Tracy, Uriah. Watson, James. Wells, William H. 1. Elected in place of Andrew Jackson, resigned. 2. Elected in place of John Lawrence, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Samuel Dexter, resigned. 4. Elected in place of James Lloyd, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Benjamin Goodhue, resigned. 6. Elected in place of James Watson, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Henry Tazewell, deceased. 8. Elected in place of James Schureman, resigned. REPBESENTATIVES. Theodore Sedgeicick, Speaker. Alston, Willis, Jr. Baer, George. Bailey, Theodoras. Bartlett, Bailey. Bayard, James A. Bird, John, Bishop, Phanuel. Brace, Jonathan. Brown, John Brown, Robert. Cabell, Samuel J. Champlin, Christopher. Christie, Gabriel. Claiborne, William C. C. Clay, Mathew. Condit, John. Cooper, William. Clark, William. Dana, Samuel W. Davenport, Franklin. Davenport, John. Dav s, Thomas F. Daw son. John. Dem is, John. Dent, George. Dixon, Joseph. Edmond, William. Eggleston, Joseph. Elmendorf, Lucas. Evans, Thomas. Foster, Abiel. Foster, Dwight. Fowler, Johu. Freeman, Jonathan. Gallatin, Albert. Glenn, Henry. Goode, Samuel. Goodrich, Chauncey. Goodrich, Elizur. Gordon, William. Gray, Edwin. Gregg, Andrew. Griswold, Roger. Grove, William B. Hanna, John A. Harper, Robert G. Hartley, Thomas. Heister, Joseph. Henderson, Archibald. Hill, William H. Holmes, David. Huger, Benjamin. Imlay, James H. Jackson, George. Jones, James. Kitchell, Aaron. Kittera, John N. Lee, Henry. Lee, Silas, Leib, Mitchell. Lincoln, Levi.l Livingston, Edward, Lyman, Samuel. Lynn, James. Lyon, Mathew. Macon Nathaniel. Marshall, John. Mattoon, Ebenezer.2 Morris, Lewis R. Muhlenbcrg, Peter. New, Anthony. Nicholas, John. Nicholson, Joseph H. Nott, Abraham. Otis, Harrison, G. Page, Robert. Parker, Isaiah. Pinckney, Thomas. Platt, Jones. Powell, Levin. Randolph, John. Reed, Nathan. 3 Reed, John. Rutledge, John, Jr. Sewell, Samuel. Sheaf, James. Shepard, William. Smiley, John. Smith, John. Smith John C. 4 Smith, Samuel. Spraight, Richard D. Stanford, Richard. Stewart, John. 5 Stone, David. Sumter, Thomas. Talliaferro, Benjamin. Tazewell, Littleton, \V.(j Tenney, Samuel. 7 Thatcher, George. Thomas, John. Thomas, Richard. Thompson, John. Trigg, Abraham. Trigg, John. Van Cortland, Philip. Varnum, Joseph B. Williams, Lemuel. Wadsworth, Peleg. Williams, Robert. j Wain, Robert. Woods, Henry. 1. Elected in place of Dwight Foster, elected Sena tor. 2. Elected m place of Samuel Lyman, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Samuel Sewell, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Jonathan Brace, resign en. 5. Elected in piace of Thomas Hartley, deceased. 6 . Elected in place of John Marshall, resigned. 7. Elected in place of William Gordon, resigned. Territorial Delegates. Harrison, Wm. H. McMiller, William. 1 1. Elected in place of AVilliam H. Harrison, re- signed. THE SEVENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. Aaron Burr, Vice-President. Anderson, Joseph. Armstrong, John. Baldwin, Abraham. Bradley, Stephen R.I Breckenridge, John. Brown, John. Calhoun, John E. Chipman, Nathaniel. Clinton, DeWitt.2 Cocke, William. Dayton, Jonathan. Ellery, Christopher. 3 Foster, Dwight. Foster, Theodore. Franklin, Jesse. Green, Ray. Hillhouse, James. Hindmau, William. Howard, John E. Jackson, James Logan, George H. 4 Mason. Jonathan. Mason, Stephen F. Morris, Gouverneur. Muhlenberg, Peter. Nicholas, William C. Ogden, Aaron. Olcott, Simeon. 5 Pinckney, Charles. Plummer, William. 6 Ross, James. Sheafe, James. Stone, David. Sumter, Thomas. 7 Tracy, Uriah. Wells, William. White, Samuel . Wright, Robert. 1. Elected in place of Elijah Paine, resigned. 3. Elected in place of John Armstrong, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Ray Green, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Peter Muhlenberg, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Samuel Livermore, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Joseph Sheafer, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Charles Pinckney, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Nathaniel Macon, Speaker. Alston, Willis. Archer, John. Bacon, John. Bailey, Theodorus. Bayard, James A. Bishop, Phanuel. Bond, Thomas. Bowie, Walter. Brent, Richard. Brown, Robert. Butler, William. Cabell, Samuel J. Campbell, John. Claiborne, Thomas. Clay, Mathew: Clogston, John. Condit, John. Cutler, Manassah. Cutts, Richard. Dana, Samuel W. Davenport, John. Davis, Thomas F. Dawson, John. Dennis, John. Dickson, William. Early, Peter. 1 Elmendorf, Lucas. Elmer, Ebenezer. Eustis, William. Foster, Abiel. Fowler, John. Giles, William B. Goddard, Calvin. Gray, Edwin. Gregg, Andrew. Griswold, Royer. Grove, William B. Hanna, John A. Hastings, Seth. Heister, Daniel. Heister, Joseph. Helms, William. Hemphill, Joseph. Henderson, Archibald. Hill, William H. Hoge, William. Holland, James. Holmes, David. TABULAR RECORDS. Huger, Benjamin. Smith, Samuel. tested the election of Thomas Lewis; appointed Sen Hunt, Samuel.2 Southard. Henry. ator in place of Wilson C. Nicholas, resigned. 9. Jackson, George. Spriggs, Richard. Elected in place of Dwight Foster, resigned. 10. Johnson, Charles. Stanford, Richard. Elected in place of De Witt Clinton, resigned. 11. Jones, William. Stanley, John. Appointed in place of Stevens T. Mason, deceased. Lee, Silas. Stanton, Joseph, Jr. 12. Elected in place of Stevens T. Mason, deceased. Leib, Mitchell. Stewart, John. REPRESENTATIVES. Lowndes, Thomas. Stratton, John. Mattoon, Ebenezer. Sumter, Thouias.4 Nathaniel Mncon, Speaker. Merriwether David. 3 Talliaferro, Benjamin. Milledge, John. Talliaferro, John, Jr. Mitchell, Samuel L. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Moore, Thomas. Tenny, Samuel. Morris, Lewis R. Thatcher, Samuel. 5 Morris, Thomas. Thompson, David. Mott, James. Thompson, Philip R. New, Anthony. Tillinghast, Thomas, Alexander, Nathaniel. Hough, Daiyd. Alston, William, Jr. Huger, Benjamin. Andrew, Isaac. Hunt, Samuel. Archer, John. Jackson, John G. Baldwin, Simeon. Jones, Walter. Bard, David. Kennedy, William. Bedington, George M. Knight, Nehemiah. Betton, Silas. Lamed, Simon. 4 Newton, Thomas, Jr. Trigg, Abram. Nicholsen, Joseph H. Trigg, John. Perkins, Elias. Upham, George. Pierce, Joseph. Van Cortland, Philip. Plater, Thomas. Van Home, Isaac. Randolph, John. Van New, John P. Reed, Nathan. Van Reusselaer, Killian K. Rutledge, John. Varnurn, Joseph B. Shepard, William. Wadsworth, Peleg. Smilie, John. Walker, Benjamin. Smith, Israel, Williams, Lemuel. Smith, John. Williams, Robert. Smith, John. Winn, Richard.6 Bishop, j hanuel. Leib, Mitchell. Blackledge, William. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Bowie, \V alter. Lewis, Thomas. Boyle, John. Livingston, Henry W. Boyd, Adam. Loundes. Thomas. Brown. Robert. Lucas, John B. C. Bryan, James. Lyon, Mathew. Butler, William. McCord, Andrew. Campbell, George W. McCreery, William. Campbell, John. Merriwether, David. Casey, Levi. Mitchell, Nahuui. Chamberlain, William. Mitchell, Samuel L. Chittenden, Martin. Moore, Andrew. 5 Smith. John C. Woods, Henry. Smith, Jacob. Wyiin, Thomas.7 Claiborne. Thomas. Moore, Nicholas R. Clark, Cl.. ..-topher.l Moore, Thomas. 1. Elected in place of John Milledge, resigned. 2. Clay, Matthew. Morrow, Jeremiah. Elected in place of Joseph Pierce, resigned. 3. Clay, Joseph. Mott, James. Elected in place of Benjamin Taliaferro, resigned. Clagget, Clifton. Nelson, Roger. G. 4. Elected in place of Charles Pinckney, resigned. Clinton, George, Jr.2 New, Anthony. 5. Elected in place of Silas Lee, resigned. 6. Elected Clopton, John. Newton, Thomas. in place of Thomas Sumter, resigned. 7. Elected in Conrad, Frederick. Nicholson, Joseph H. place of Charles Johnson, deceased. Crowninshield , Jacob. Olin, Gideon. THE EIGHTH CONGRESS. Cutts, Richard. Palmer, Beriah. Cutler, Manassah. Patterson, John. SENATORS. Dana, Samuel W. Phelps, Oliver. Aaron Burr, Vice- President. Davenport, John. Plater, Thomas. Davvson, John. Purviance, Samuel D. Adams, John Quincy. Maclay, Samuel L. Dennis, John. Randolph, John, Jr. Anderson, Joseph. Mitchell, Samuel L.7 Dickson, William. Randolph, Thomas M. Armstrong, John.l Moore, Andrew.8 Dwight, Thomas. Rea, John. Bailey, Theodorus. Nicholas, William 0. Early, John B. Rhea, John. Baldwin, Abraham. Olcott, Simeon. Early, Peter. Richards, Jacob. Bayard, James A.2 Pickering, Timothy. 9 Elliott, James. Ricker, Samuel. 7 Bradley, Stephen R. Plummer, William. Elmer, Ebenezer. Rodney, Caesar. Breckenridge, John. Potter, Samuel. Epps, John W. Root, Erasmus. Brown, John. Smith, Israel. Eustis, William. Sammons, Thomas. Butler, Pierce. 3 Smith, John. 10 Findlay, William. Sanford. Thomas. Clinton, De Witt. Smith, John. Fowler, John. Sands, Joshua. Cocke, William. Smith, Samuel. Gillespie, James. Seaver, Ebenezer. Condit, John. Stone, David. Goddard, Calvin. Skinner, Thompson, Jr. Dayton, Jonathan. Sumter, Thomas. Goodwin, Peterson. Sloane, James. Ellery, Christopher. Taylor, John. 11 Gray, Edwin. Smilie, John. Franklin, Jesse. Tracy, Uriah. Gregg, Andrew. Smith, John. Gaillard, John. 4 Venable, Abraham B.12 Griffin, Thomas. Smith, John. Giles, William B.5 Wells, William. Griswold, Gaylord. Smith, John C. Hillhouse, James. White, Samuel. Griswold, Roger. Southard, Henry. Rowland, Benjamin. 6 Wright, Robert. Hammond, Samuel. Stanford, Richard. Jackson, James. Worthington, Thomas. Hampton, Wade. Stanton, Joseph. Logan, George. Hanna, John A. Steadman, W T illiam. 1. Appointed in place of De Witt Clinton, resigned; Hasbrouck, Josiah. Stephenson, John. Elected in place of Theodorus Bailey, resigned. Hastings, Seth. Stewart, John. 2. Elected in place of W. H. Wells, resigned. 3. Elect Heister, Daniel. Taggart, Samuel. ed in place of John C. Calhoun, deceased. 4. Elected Heister, Joseph. Tallmadge, Benjamin- in place of Pierce Butler, resigned. 5. Elected in Helms, William. Teuny, SamuL place of Wilson C. Nicholas, resigned; appointed in Hoge, John. 3 Thatcher, Samuel. place of Abraham B. Venable, resigned. 6. Elected Hoge, William. Thomas, David. in place of S. J. Potter, deceased. 7. Elected in place Holland, James. Thompson, Philip R. of John Armstrong, resigned. 8. Successfully con Holmes, David. Tibbitts, George. xxviii TABULAR RECORDS. Trigg Abram. Walton, Matthew. Ely, William. Quincy, Josiah. Triggj John. 8 Whitehall, John. Epps, John W. Randolph, John. Van Cortland, Philip. Williams, Lemuel. Findley, William. Randolph, Thomas M. Van Home, Isaac. Williams. Marmaduke. Fisk, James. Rhea, John. Van Rensselaer, Killian K.Wilson, Alexander. Fowler, John. Rhea, John. Varnum, Joseph B. Winn, Richard. Garrett, James M. Richards, Jacob. Verplank, Daniel C. Winston, Joseph. Goldborough, Charles. Russell, John. ,Wadsworth, Peleg. Wynn, Thomas. Goodwyn, Peterson. Sailly, Peter. 1. Elected in place of John Trigg, deceased. 2. Elected in place of S. L. Mitchell, elected Senator. 3. Elected in place of William Hoge, resigned. 4. Elected in place of T. J. Skinner, resigned. 5. Suc cessfully contested the seat of Thomas Lewis. 6. Elected in place of Daniel Heister, deceased. 7. Elected in place of John Smith, elected Senator. 8. Elected in place of Andrew Moore, elected Senator. Gray, Edwin. Sammons, Thomas. Greer, Isaiah L. Sanford, Thomas. Gregg, Andrew. Shureman, Martin G. Haley, Silas. Seaver, Ebenezer. Hamilton, John. Sloan, James. Hastings, Seth. Smelt, Dennis.7 Helms, Williams. Smilis, John. Holland, James. Smith, John. Holmes, David. Smith, John C. Territorial Delegate. Hough, David. Smith, O Brian. Lattimer, William. Jackson, John G. Smith, Samuel. Jones, Walter. Southard, Henry. THE NINTH CONGRESS. Keenan, Thomas. Stanford, Richard. SENATORS. Kelly, James. Stanton, Joseph. George Clinton, Vice- President. Knight, Nehemiah. Spalding, Thomas.8 Lambert, John. Stedman, William. Adair, John.l Mitchell, Samuel L. Leib, Michael. Sturgis, Lewis B. Adams, John Qnincy. Moore, Andrew. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Taggart, Samuel. Anderson, Joseph. Pickering, Timothy. Livingston, Henry W. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Baldwin, Abraham, Plummer, William. Lloyd, Edward. 5 Terry, Samuel. Bayard, James A. Reed, Philip. 4 Lyon, Mathew. Thomas, David. Bradley, Stephen R. Smith, David. Magruder, Patrick. Thompson, Philip R. Clay, Henry. 2 Smith, Israel. Marion, Robert. Thompson, Thomas W. Condit, John. Smith, John. Masters, Josiah. Tracey, Uriah. Fennis, James. Smith, John. McCreery, William. Trigg, Abram. Gaillard, John. Smith, Samuel. McFarland, Duncan. Van Cortland, Philip. Giles, William B. Stone, David. Mead, Cowles. Van Rensselaer, Killian K Gilman, Nicholas. Sumter, Thomas. Mem wether, David. Varnum, Joseph B. Hillhouse, James. Thruston, Buckner. Moore, Nicholas R. Verplank, Daniel C. Howland, Benjamin. Tracey, Uriah. Moore, Thomas. Wadsworth, Peleg Jackson, James. Turner, James. Morrow, Jeremiah. Walton, Matthew. Kitchell, Aaron. White, Samuel. Morrow, John. Whitehall, John. Logan, George. Worthington, Thomas. Mosely, Jonathan A. Whitehill, Robert. Maclay, Samuel. Wright, Robert. Mumford, Gordon S. Wickes, Eliphalet. Milledge, John. 3 Nelson, Jeremiah. Williams, David R. 1. Elected in place of John Breckenridge, resigned. 2. Elected in place of John Adair, resigned. 3. Elected in place of James Jackson, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Robert Wright, resigned. Nelson, Roger. Williams, Marmaduke. Newton, Thomas Jr. Williams, Nathan. Nicholson, Joseph H. Wilson, Alexander. Olin, Gideon. Winn, Richard. Pitkin, Timothy. Winston, Josiah. REPRESENTATIVES. Porter, John. 6 Wynn, Thomas. Pugh, John. Nathaniel Macon, Speaker. Alexander, Evan.l Chandler, John. Alston, Willis, Jr. Chittenden, Martin. Anderson, Isaac. Claiborne, John. 1. Elected in place of Nathaniel Alexander, electee Governor. 2. Elected in place of Thomas Spaulding resigned. 3. Elected in place of Christopher Clark resigned. 4. Elected in place of J. C. Smith, re Archer, John. Clark, Christopher. signed. 5. Elected in place of J. H. Nicholson Barker, Joseph. Clay, Joseph. resigned. 6. Elected in place of Michael Leib Bard, David. Clay, Mather. Bassett, Burwell. Clinton, George, Jr. Bedinger, George W. Clopton, John. resigned. 7. Elected in the place of Joseph Bryan resigned. 8. Successfully contested the seat of Cowlei Mead. Betton, Silas. Conrad, Frederick. Bibb, William W.2 Cook, Orchard. Territorial Delegates. Bid well, Barnabus. Covington, Leonard. Bishop, Phanuel. Crowninshield, Jacob. Blackledge, William. Cutts, Richard. ( lark, Daniel. Parke, Benjamin. Lattimore, William. Blake, John, Jr. Dana, Samuel W. Blount, Thomas- Darby, Ezra. THE TENTH CONGRESS. Boyle, John. Davenport, John, Jr. SENATORS. Broom, James M. Dawson, John. Brown, Robert. Dickson, William. George Clinton, Vice-President. Bryan, Joseph. Dwight, Theodore.4 Adams, John Quincy. Franklin, Jesse. Burwell, William A.3 Earle, Elias. Anderson, John. Gaillard, John, Butler, William. Early, Peter. Bayard, Joseph A. Giles, William B. Campbell, George W. Elliott, James. Bradley, Stephen R. Gilman, Nicholas. Campbell, John. Ellis, Caleb. Condit, John. Goodrich, Chaunoey.2 Casey, Levi. Elmer, Ebene/.er. Crawford, William H.I Gregg, Andrew. TABULAR RECORDS. Hillhonse, James. Pickering, Timothy. Quincy, Josiah. Sturges, Lewis B. Rowland, Benjamin. Pope, John. Randolph, John. Swart, Peter. Jones, George.3 Reed, Philip. Rea, John. Taggert, Samuel. Kitchell, Aaron. Robinson, Jonathan.8 Rhea, John. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Leib, Mitchell. 4 Smith, Daniel. Richards, Jacob. Taylor, John. Lloyd, James.5 Smith, John. Richards, Mathew. Thomas, David. Maclay, Samuel. Smith, John. Ricker, Samuel. Thompson, John. Matthewson, Elisha.6 Smith, Samuel. Rowan, John. Troup, George M. Meigs, Jonathan R.7 Sumter, Thomas. Russell, John. Upham, Jabez. Milledge, John. Thurston, Buckner. Sawyer, Lemuel. Van Allen, James J. Mitchell, Samuel L. Tiffin, Edward. Say, Benjamin. 4 Van Cortland, Philip. Moore, Andrew. Turner, James. Seaver, Ebenezer. Van Dyke, Nicholas. Parker, Nahum, White, Samuel. Shaw, Samuel. 5 Van Home, Archibald. 1. Elected in place of Abraham Baldwin, deceased. 2. Elected in place of Uriah Tracy, deceased. 3. Appointed in place of Abraham Baldwin, deceased. 4. Elected in place of Samuel Maclay, resigned. 5. Elected in place of John Q. Adams, resigned. 6. Elected in place of James Turner, elected Governor. 7. Elected in place of John Smith, resigned. 8. Elected in place of Israel Smith, resigned. Sloan, James. Van Rensselaer, Killian K Smelt, Dennis. Verplank, Daniel C. Smilie, John. Wharton, Jesse. Smith, Jedediah. Whitehall, Robert. Smith, John. Wilbour, Isaac. Smith, Samuel. Williams, David R. Southard, Henry. Williams, Marmaduke. Stanford, Richard. Wilson, Alexander. Stedman, William. Wilson, Nathan. REPEESENTA TIVES. Story, Joseph. 6 Winn, Richard. Stover, Clement. Witherall, James. Joseph B. Varnum, Speaker. 1. Elected in place of Ezra Darby, deceased. 2. Alexander, Evan. Goldsborough, Charles. Elected in place of John Claiborne, deceased. 3. Alston, Lemuel, Jr. Goodwin, Peterson. Elected in place of Nehemiah Knight, deceased. 4. Alston, Willis, Jr. Gray, Edwin. Elected in place of Joseph Clay, resigned. 5. Elected Bacon, Ezekiel. Green, Isaiah L. in place of James Witherall, resigned. 6. Elected Bard, David. Harris, John. in place of Jacob Crowninshield, deceased. 7. Elected Barker, Joseph. Heister, John. in place of David Thomas, resigned. Bassett, Burwell. Helms, William. Territorial Delegates. Bibb, William W. Hoge, William. Parke, Benjamin. Thomas, Jesse B.I Boyd, Adam.l Holland, James. Boyle, John. Holmes, David. 1. Elected in place of Benjamin Parke, resigned. Blake, John. Howard, Benjamin. THE ELEVENTH CONGRESS. Blakledge, William. Humphreys, Reuben. QT^XT A TYYPQ Blount, Thomas. Hsey, Daniel. OHiIN AXL ivo. Brown, Robert. Jackson, John G. George Clinton, Vice-Presidcnt. Burwell, William A. Jackson, Richard S.3 Anderson, Joseph. Lloyd, James, Jr. Butler, William. Jenkins, Robert. Bayard, James A. Malbone, Francis. Campbell, George W. Johnson, Richard M. Bradley, Stephen R. Mathewson, Elislia. Campbell, John. Jones, Walter. Brent, Richard. Meigs, R. J. Calhoun, Joseph. Kelly, James. Campbell, Alexander. Milledge, John. Carleton, Peter. Keenan, Thomas. Champlin, Christopher.2 Parker, Nahum. Champion, Epaphroditus. Key, Philip B. Chandler, John. Kirkpatrick, Wm. Clay, Henry. 3 Pickering, Timothy. Condit, John. 4 Pope, John. Chittenden, Martin. Knight, Neheiniah. Crawford, W. H. Reed, Philip. Claiborne, John. Lambert, John. Cutts, Charles. 5 Robinson, Jonathan. Clay, Joseph. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Dana, Samuel W.6 Smith, Daniel. Clay, Mathew. Livermore,Edward St.Loe. Franklin, Jesse. Smith, John. Clinton, George, Jr. Lloyd, Edward. Gaillard, John. Smith, Samuel. Clopton. John. Love, Guy. German, Obediah. Sumter, Thomas. Cook, Orchard. Lyon, Mathew. Giles, William. Tait, Charles. 9 Cobb, Howell. Macon, Nathaniel. Gilman, Nicholas. Taylor, John. 10 Crowninshield, Jacob. Marion, Robert. Goodrich, Chauncey. Thruston, Buckner. Culpepper, John. Masters, Josiah. Cutts, Richard. McCreery, William. Gregg, Andrew. Tiffin, Edward. Griswold, Stanley.7 Turner, James. Dana, Samuel W. Milledge, John. Hillhouse, James. White, Samuel. Darby, Ezra. Milnor, William. Horsey, Outerbridge.8 Whiteside, Jenkiu.l] Davenport, John, Jr. Montgomery, David. Lambert, John. Worthington, Thomas. 12 Dawson, John. Montgomery, John. Leib, Michael. Deane, Josiah. Moore, Nicholas R. 1. Elected in place of Edward Tiffin, resigned. 2. Desha, Joseph. Moore, Thomas. Elected in place of Francis Malbone, deceased. 3. Durell, Daniel M. Morrow, Jeremiah. Elected in place of Tuckner Thruston, resigned. 4. Elliot, James. Morrow, John. Appointed pro tern., and subsequently elected in Ely, William. Moseley, Jonathan O. place of Aaron Kitchell, resigned. 5. Elected in Epps, John W. Mumford, Gurdon S. place of Nahum Parker, resigned. 6. Elected in Fisk, James. Nelson, Roger. place of James Hillhouse, resigned. 7. Appointed Findley, William. Newbold, Thomas. in place of Edward Tiffin, resigned. 8. Elected in Franklin, Meshack. Newton, Thomas, Jr. place of Samuel White, deceased. 9. Elected in place Gardenier, Barnett. Nicholas, Wilson C. of John Milledge, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Gardner, Francis. Pitkin, Timothy. Thomas Sumter, resigned. 11. Elected in place of Garnett, James. Porter, John. Daniel Smith, resigned. 12. Elected in place of Re Gholson, Thomas, Jr. 2 Pugh, John. turn J. Meigs, resigned. TABULAR RECORDS. REPRESENTATIVES. Weakley, Robert. Wilson, James. Joseph B. Varnum, Speaker. Alien, Joseph. 1 Livingston, Robert Le Roy Anderson, \Villiam. Love, John. Wheaton, Laban. Winn, Richard. White, Samuel. Witherspoon, Robert. Whitehall, Robert. Worthington, Thomas. Alston, Lemuel J. Lyle, Aaron. Whitman, Ezekiel. Wright, Robert. 13 Alston, Willis, Jr. Lyon, Mathew. 1. Elected in place of Jabez Upham, resigned. Bacon, Ezekiel. Macon, Nathaniel. 2. Elected in place of Benjamin Howard, resigned. Bard, David. Marion, Robert. 3. Elected in place of William Stedman, resigned. Barry, William T.2 Mathews, Vincent. 4. Elected in place of Robert Marion resigned. 5. Bassett, Bur well. McBride, Archibald. Elected in place of William C. Nicholas, resigned. Bayliss, William. McKee, Samuel. 6. Elected in place of Samuel Dana, elected Senator. Bibb, William W. McKim, Alexander. 7. Elected in place of J. G. Jackson, resigned. 8. Bigelow, Abijah.3 McKinley, William. 7 Elected in place of William Dunning, who was Blaisdell, Daniel. Miller, Pleasant M. elected, but never qualified. 9. Elected in place of Boyd, Adam. Milnor, William. Roger Nelson, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Brown, John. Mitchell, Samuel L.8 James Cox, deceased. 11. Elected in place of Benja Brown, Robert. Moore, Nicholas R. min Say, resigned. 12. Successfully contested the Breckenridge, James. Moore, Thomas. election of Walter Bayliss. 13. Elected in place of Burwell, William A. Montgomery, John. John Brown, resigned. Butler, William. Morrow, Jeremiah. Calhoun, Joseph. Moseley, Jonathan O. Campbell, John. Mumford, Gordon S. Territorial Delegates. Jennings, Jonathan. Poydras, Julian. Poindexter, George. Chamberlain, John C. Nelson, Roger. Chamberlain, William. Newbold, Thomas. THE TWELFTH CONGRESS. Champion, Epaphroditus. Newton, Thomas. SENATORS. Cheves, Langdon.4 Nicholas, Wilson C. Chittenden, Martin. Nicholson, John. George Clinton, Vice- President. Clay, Mathew. Pearson, Joseph. Anderson, Joseph. Horsey, Outerbridge. Clopton, John. Pickman, Benjamin. Bayard, James A. Howell, Jeremiah B. Cobb, Howell. Pitkin, Timothy. Bibb, George. Hunter, William. 3 Cochran, James. Potter, Elisha R. Bradley, Stephen R. Lambert, John. Cook, Orchard. Porter, John. Brent, Richard. Leib, Michael. Cox, James. Porter, Peter B. Brown, James.l Lloyd, James. Crawford, William. Quincey, Josiah. Campbell, Alexander. Magruder, Allen B. Crist, Henry. Randolph, John H. Campbell, George W.2 Pope, John. Cutts, Richard. Rea. John. Crawford, William H. Posey, Thomas.4 Dana, Samuel W. Rhea, John. Condit, John. Reed, Philip. Davenport, John. Ricards, Mathiaa. Cutts, Charles. Robinson, Jonathan. Dawson, John. Ringgold, Samuel.9 Dana, Samuel W. Smith, John. Desha, Joseph. Roane, John. Franklin, Jesse. Smith, Samuel. Ely, William. Robinson, Jonathan. Gaillard, John. Tait, Charles. Emott, James. Root, Erastus. German, Obediah. Taylor, John. Epps, John W. Ross, John. Giles, William B. Turner, James. Fisk, Jonathan. Sage, Ebenezer. Gilman, Nicholas. Varnum, Joseph B. Findley, William. Sammons, Thomas. Goodrich, Chauncey. Worthington, Thomas. Franklin, Meshack. Sawyer, Lemuel. Gregg, Andrew. Gardenier, Barnet. Say, Benjamin. 1. Elected in place of John Noel Destrahan, re Gardner, Gideon. Scudder, John A. 10 Garland, DavidS.5 Seaver, Ebenezer. Garnett, Barzillai. Seybert, Adam.ll Gholson, Thomas, Jr. Shaw, Samuel. Gold, Thomas R. Sheffey, Daniel. Goldsborough, Charles. Smilie, John. Goodwin, Peterson. Smith, Dennis. signed, having never taken his seat. 2. Elected in place of Jenkin Whitesides, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Christopher G. Champlin, resigned. 4. Ap pointed in place of John Noel Destrahan, who was elected, but never took his seat. REPRESENTATIVES. Grey, Edwin. Smith, George. Henry Clay, Speaker. Hall, William. Smith, John. Alston, Willis. Butler, William. Haven, Nathaniel O. Smith, Samuel. Anderson, William. Calhoun, John C. Heister, Daniel. Southard, Henry. Archer, Stevenson. Carr, Francis. Helms, William. Stanford, Richard. Holland, James. Stanley, John. Avery, Daniel. Champion, Epaphroditus. Bacon, Ezekiel. Cheves, Langdon. Howard. Benjamin. Stedman, William. Baker, John. Chittenden, Martin. Hnbbard, Jonathan H. Stevenson, James. Bard, David. Clay, Mathew. Hufty, Jacob. Sturgis, Lewis B. Barnett, William. 1 Clopton, John. Huntington, Ebenezer. 6 Swoope, Jacob. Bartlett, Josiah. Cobb, Howell. Jackson, John G. Taggert, Samuel. Bassett, Burwell. Cochran, James. Jackson, Richard, Jr. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Bibb, William W. Condit, Lewis. Jenkins, Robert. Taylor, John. Bigelow, Abijah. Cook, Thomas B. Johnson, Richard M. Thompson, John. Blacklidge, William. Crawford, William. Jones, Walter. Tracy, Uri. Sleeker, Harmanus. Cutts, Richard. Kenan, Thomas. Troup, George M. 31ount, Thomas. Davis, Roger. Kennedy, William. Turner, Charles, Jr. 12 Key, Philip B. Upham, Jabez. Knickerbocker, Herman. Van Dyke, Nicholas. 3oyd, Adam. Davenport, John. Breckenridge, James. Dawson, John. Brigham, Elijah. Desha, John. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Van Home, Archibald. Iavermore,EdwardSt.Loe.Van Rensselaer,Killian K. 3rown, Robert. DLnsmore, Samuel. Burwell, William A. Earle, Elias. TABULAR EECOKDS. Ely, William. Emott, James. Findley, William. Fisk. James. Fitch, Asa. Franklin, Meshack. Gholson, Thomas. Goodwin, Peterson. Gold, Thomas R. Paulding, William. Pearson, Joseph. Pickens, Israel. Piper, William. Pitkin, Timothy. Pleasants, James, Jr. Pond, Benjamin. Porter, Peter B. Potter, Elisha B. Goldsborough, Charles. Quincy, Josiah. Gray, Edwin. Randolph, John. Green, Isaiah L. Reed William. Grosvenor, Thomas P. 2 Rhea, John. Grundy, Felix. Richardson, William M. Hall, Bollinger. Ridgeley, Henry M. Hall, Obel. Ringgold, Samuel. Harper, John A. Roaue, John. Hawes, Aylett. Rodman, William. Hufty, Jacob. Roberts, Jonathan. Hungerford, John P. Robertson, Thomas B. Hyneman, John M. Sage, Ebeuezer. Jackson, Richard. Jr. Sammons, Thomas. Johnson, Richard M. Sawyer, Lemuel. Kennedy, William. 3 Seaver, Ebenezer. Kent, Joseph. Sevier, John. Key, Philip B. Seybert, Adam. King, William R. Shaw, Samuel. Lacock, Abner. Sheffey, Daniel. Lafever, Joseph. Smilie, John. Law, Lyman. Smith, George. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Smith, John. Little, Peter. Stanford, Richard. Livingston. Robert Le Roy. Stowe, Silas. Lowndes, William. Strong, William. Lyle, Aaron. Stuart, Philip. Macon, NathanieL Sturgis, Lewis B. Maxwell, George C. Sullivan, George. McBryde, Archibald. Taggart, Samuel. McKee, Samuel. Talliaferro, John. 4 McKim, Alexander. Tallmadge, Benjamin. McCoy, William. Tallman, Peleg. Metcalf, Arunah. Tracy, Uri. Milnor, James. Troup, George M. Mitchell, Samuel L. Turner, Charles, Jr. Moore, Thomas. Van Cortland, Pierre, Jr. Morgan, James. Wheaton, Laban. Morrow, Jeremiah. White, Leonard. Moseley, Jonathan. Whitehill, Robert. Nelson, Hugh. Widgery, William. New, Anthony. Williams, David R. Newbold, Thomas. Wilson, Thomas. Newton, Thomas. Winn, Richard. Ormsby, Steven. Wright, Robert. 1. Elected in place of Ho well Cobb, resigned. 2. Elected in place of R. Le Roy Livingston, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Thomas Blount, deceased. 4. Successfully contested the election of J. P. Hanger- ford. Territorial Delegates. Bond, Shadrack. Jennings, Jonathan. Hempstead, Edward. Poindexter, George. THE THIRTEENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. ECbridge Gerry, Anderson, Joseph. Barbour, James. 1 Barry, William T.2 Bibb, George M. Bibb, William Wyatt.3 Bledsoe, Jesse. Brent, Richard. Brown, James. Bullock, William B. 4 Vice-President. Campbell, George. Chace, Dudley. Condit, John. Cutts, Charles. 5 Dana, Samuel, Daggett, Davis. 6 Frementin, Eligiua. Gaillard, John. German, Obediah. Giles, William B. Roberts, Jonathan. 10 Gilmore, Nicholas. Robinson, Jonathan. Gore, Christopher.7 Smith, Samuel. Goldsborough, Henry R. Stone, David. Horsey, Outerbridge. Tait, Charles. Howell, Jeremiah B. Talbot, Isham.ll Hunter, William. Taylor, John. Kerr, Joseph.8 Thompson, Thomas W.lli King, Rufus. Turner, James. Lacock, Abner. Varnum, Joseph B. Lambert, John. Walker, George. 13 Leib, Michael. Wells, William H.14 Mason, Jeremiah. 9 Wharton, Jesse. 15 Morrow. Jeremiah. Worthington, Thomas. 1. Elected in place of Richard Brent, deceased. 2. Elected in place of George M. Bibb, resigned. 3. Elected in place of W. H. Crawford, resigned. 4. Appointed in place of W. H. Crawford, resigned. 5. Appointed to fill a vacancy. 6. Elected in place oi Chauncey Goodrich, resigned. 7. Appointed in place of James Lloyd, resigned. 8. Elected in plac< of Thomas Worthington, resigned. 9. Elected foi six years, Charles Cutts having been appointed pn tern. 10. Elected in place of Michael Leib, resigned. 11. Elected in place of Jesse Bledsoe, resigned 12. Elected in place of Michael Gilman, deceased 13. Elected in place of George M. Bibb, resigned 14. Elected in place of James A. Bayard, resigned 15. Elected in place of G. W. Campbell, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Henry Clay, Speaker. Langdon Chcces, Speaker. 1 Anderson, William. Creyhton, William, Jr. Alexander, John. Crouch, William. 6 Alston, Willis. Cul pepper, John. Archer, Stevenson. Cuthbert, Alfred.7 A very, Daniel. Dana, Samuel. 8 Bard, David. Davenport, John, Jr. Barbour, Philip P. 2 Davis, Roger. Barnett, William. Davis. Samuel. Bayley, Thomas M. Dawson, John. Bayless, William. Denoyelles, Peter. Beal, Resin. Desha, Joseph. Benson, Egbert. Duvall, William P. Bibb, William W. Dewey, Daniel. Bigelow, Abijah. Earle, Elias. Bines, Thomas.3 Ely, William. Bowen, John H. Epps, John W. Bowers, John M. Evans, David R. Boyd, Alexander. Farrow, Samuel. Bradbury, George. Findley, William. Bradley, William C. Fisk, James. Breckenridge, James. Fisk, Jonathan. Brigham, Elijah. Forney, Peter. Brown, Robert. Forsyth, John. Bnrwell, William A. Franklin, Meshack. Butler, Ezra. Gaston, William. Caldwell, James. Geddes, James. Calhoun, John C. Gholson, Thomas. Cannon, Newton. 4 Glasgow, Hugh. Caperton, Hugh. Gloninger, John. Chapells, John J. Goldsborough, Charles. Champion, Epaphroditus. Goodwin, Peterson. Cilley, Bradbury. Goodwin, Theodore. Clark, Henry. Griffins, Isaac. Clark, James. Grosvenor, Thomas P. Clendenen, David. 5 Grundy, Felix. Clopton, John. Hale, William. Comstock, Oliver C. Hall, Boiling. Conard, John. Hanson, Alexander C. Condit, Lewis. Harris, Thomas K. Cooper, Thomas. Hasbrouck, Abraham. Cox, William. Hawes, Aylett. Crawford, William, Hawkins, Joseph H.9 TABULAR RECORDS. .Henderson, Samuel. Hopkins, Samuel. ID Hopkins, Samuel. Howell, Nathaniel. Hubbard, Levi. Hufty, Jacob. Humphreys, Perry W. Huogerford, John P. Hurl but, John W.ll Hyneman, John W. Ingersoll, Charles J. Ingham, Samuel D. Irving, William. 12 Irwln. Jared. Jackson, John G. Jackson, Richard, Jr. Johnson, James. Johnson, Richard M. Kennedy, William. Kent, Joseph Kent, Moss. Kerr, John. Kershaw, John. Kilbourn, James. King, Cyrus. King, WilUam R. Law, Lyman. Leflerts, John. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. ^Lovett, John. Lowndes, William. Lyle, Aaron. Macon, Nathaniel Markell, Jacob. McCoy, William. McKee, Samuel. McKim, Alexander. McLean, John. Miller, Morris S. Moffitt, Hosea. Moore, Nicholas R. Montgomery, Thomas. Mosely, Jonathan O. Murfee, William H. Nelson, Hugh. Newton, Thomas. Oakley, Thomas J. Ormsby, Steven. Parker, James. Pearson, Joseph. Pick ens, Israel. Pickering, Timothy. Piper, William. Pitkin, Timothy. Pleasants, James, Jr. Potter, Elisha R. Rea, John. Reed, John. Reed, William. Rhea, John. Rich, Charles. Richardson, William M Ridgely, Henry M. Riuggold, Samuel. Roane, John. Roberts, Jonathan. Robertson, Thomas B. Ruggles, Nathaniel. Sage, Ebenezer. Shureman, James. Sevier, John. Seybert, Adam. Sharpe, Solomon P. Sheffey, Daniel. Sherwood, Samuel. Shepherd, Zebulon R Skinner, Richard. Slay maker, Amos. 13 Smith, Isaac. Smith, John. Smith, Samuel. Smith, William S. Stanford, Richard. Stockton, Richard. Strong, William. Stuart, Philip. Sturges, Lewis B. Taggart, Samuel. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Tannehill, Adamson Taylor, John W. Telfair, Thomas. Thompson, Joel. Troup, George M. Udree, Daniel. 14 Vose, Roger. Ward, Artemus. Ward, Thomas. Webster, Daniel. Wheaton, Laban. White, Francis. Whitehill, James. Wilcox, Jeduthan. Williams, Isaac, Jr. 15 Winter, Elisha R. Wilson, Thomas. Wilson, John. Wood, Abiel. Wright, Robert. Yancey , Bartlett . Post, Jotham. 1. Elected Speaker in place of Henry Clay, re signed. 2. Elected in place of John Dawson, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Jacob Hufty, deceased. 4. Elected in place of Felix Gruiidy, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Resin Beal, resigned. 6. Elected in place of John Gloninger, resigned. 7. Elected in place of W. W. Bibb, resigned. 8. Elected in place of William M. Richardson, resigned. 9. Elected in place of Henry Clay, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Jonathan Roberts, elected Senator. 11. Elected in place of Daniel Dewey, resigned. 12. Elected in place of Egbert Benson, resigned. 13. Elected in place of James Whitehill, resigned. 14. Elected in place of John M. Hyneman, resigned. 15. Success fully contested the election of John M. Bowers. Territorial Delegates. Bond, Shadrack. Jennings, Jonathan. Easton. Robert. Lattimer, William. Hemp^tead, Edward. Stephenson, Benjamin. THE FOURTEENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. John Gaillard, President pro tern. Ashmun, Eli P.I Mason, Armistoad.5 Barbour, James. Mason, Jeremiah. Barry, William T. Morrow, Jeremiah. Bibb, William W. Noble, James. Brown, James. Roberts, Jonathan. Campbell, George W. Ruggles, Benjamin. Chase, Dudley. Sanford, Nathan. Condit, John. Smith, William. 6 Daggett, David. Stokes, Montlbrd.7 Dana, Samuel W. Tait, Charles. Fromentin, Eligius. Talbot, Isham. Goldsborough, Robert H. Taylor, John. Gore, Christopher. Taylor, Waller. Hanson, Alexander C.8 Thompson, Thomas W. Hardin, Martin D.2 Tichenor, Isaac. Harper, Robert G. Troup, George M.8 Horsey, Outerbridge. Turner, Jacob. Howell, Jeremiah. Varnum, Joseph B. Hunter, William. Wells, William H. King, Rufus. Williams, .John. Lacock, Abner. Williams, James J.9 Macon, Nathaniel. 4 1. Elected in place of Christopher Gore, resigned. 2. Appointed in place of W. T. Barry, resigned; sub sequently elected by the Legislature. 3. Elected in place of R. G. Harper, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Francis Locke, resigned. 5. Elected in place of William B. Giles, resigned. 6. Elected in place of John Taylor, resigned. 7. Elected in place of James Turner, resigned. 8. Elected in place of W. W. Bibb, resigned. 9. Elected in place of George W. Camp bell, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Henry Clay, Speaker. Adams, Benjamin. 1 Clark, James W. Adgate, Asa. Clayton, Thomas. Alexander, John. Clendenen, David. Archer, Stevenson. Clopton, John. Atherton, Charles H. Comstock, Oliver C. Avery, Daniel. 2 Condict, Lewis. Baer, George. Conner, Samuel S. Baker, Ezra. Cook, Zadock.4 Barbour, Philip G. Cooper, Thomas. Bassett, Burwell. Crawford, William. Bateman, Ephraim. Creighton, William, Jr. Bayliss, William. Crocheron, Henry. Bennett, Benjamin. Culpepper, John. Betts, Samuel R. Cuthbert, Alfred. Birdsall, James. Darlington, William. Birdseye, Victory. Davenport, John, Jr. Blount, William. Desha, Joseph. Boss, John L. Dickens, Samuel. 5 Bradbury, George. Edwards, Weldon M.6 Breckenridge, James. Findley, William. Brigham, Elijah. Fletcher, Thomas.7 Brown, Benjamin. Forney, Daniel M. Brooks, Micah. Forsythe, John. Bryan, Joseph H. Gaston, William. Buruside, Thomas. Gholson, Thomas. Burwell, William A. Glasgow, Hugh. Cady, Daniel. Gold, Thomas R. Caldwell, James. Goldsborough, Charles. Calhoun, John C. Goodwin, Peterson. Cannon, Merton. Griffin, Isaac. Carr, James. Grosvenor, Thomas P. Champion, Epaphroditus. Hahn, John. Chappelle, John. Hale, William. Chipman, Daniel. Hall, Boiling. Cilley, Bradbury. Hammond, Jabez D. Clark, Archibald S.3 Hanson, Alexander C.8 Clark, James. Hardin, Benjamin. TABULAE RECORDS. xx\iii Harrison, William H.9 Hawes, Aylett. Heister, Joseph. Henderson, Bennett H. Hendricks, William. Herbert, John C. Hoops, Charles. 10. Hopkinson, Joseph. Huger, Benjamin. Hungerford, John P. Hurlbut, John W. Ingham, Samuel D. Irving, William. Irwin, Jared. Jackson, John G. Jewett. Luther. Johnson, James. Johnson, Richard M. Kent, Moss. Kerr, John. Kilbourne, James. King, Cyrus. King, William R. Langdou, Chauncey. Law, Lyman. Lewis, Joseph, Jr. Little, Peter. 11. Loundes, William. Love, William C. Lovett, John. Lumpkin, Wilson. Lyle, Aaron. Lyon, Asa. Maclay, William. Maclay, William P.I 2 Macon, Nathaniel. Marsh, Charles. Mason, James B. Mayrant, William. McCoy, William. McKee, Samuel. McLean, Almy. McLean, John. Middleton, Henry. Miller, Stephen D.13 Mills, Elijah. Milnor, William. Moffit, Hosea. Moore, Thomas. Moseley, Jonathan O. Murfee, William H. Nelson, Hugh. Nelson, Jeremiah. Nelson, Thomas M.14 Newton, Thomas. Noyes, John. Ormsby, Stephen. Parris, Albion K. Peter, George. 15 Pickering, Timothy. Pinckney, William. Piper, William. Pitkin, Timothy. Pleasants, John. Porter, Peter B. Powell, Samuel. Randolph, John. Reed, John. Reynolds, James B. Rice, Thomas. Roane, William. Robertson, Thomas B. Root, Erastus.16 Ross, John. Ruggles, Nathaniel. Savage, John. Schenck, Abraham H. Sergeant, John. Sharpe, Solomon P. Sheffey, Daniel. Smith, Ballard. Smith, Samuel. 17 Smith, Thomas. Southard, Henry. Stanford, Richard. Stearns, Ashael. Strong, Solomon. Stuart, Philip. Sturges, Lewis R. Taggert, Samuel. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Tate, Magnus. Taul, Micah. Taylor, John. Taylor, John W. Tel fair, Thomas. Thomas, Isaac. Throop, Euos F. Townsend, George. Tucker, Henry St. George. Tyler, John. 18 Wallace, James. Ward, Artemus. Ward, Jonathan. Ward, Thomas. Webster, Daniel. Wendover, Peter H. Wheaton, Laban. Whiteside, John. Wilcox, Jonathan. Wilde, Richard Henry. Wilkin, James W. Williams, Lewis. Willoughby, Westel, Jr. 19 Wilson, Thomas. Wilson, W T illiam. Woodward, William. Wright, Robert. Yancey, Bartlett. Yates, John B. Pickens, Israel. 1. Elected in place of Elijah Brigham, deceased. .}. Elected in place of Enos T. Throop, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Peter B. Porter, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Alfred Cuthbert, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Richard Stanford, deceased. 6. Elected in place of Nathaniel Macon, elected Senator. 7. Elected in place of James Clark, resigned. 8. Elected Senator in place of Robert G. Harper, re signed. 9. Elected in place of John McLean, resigned. 10. Elected in place of William R. King, resigned. 11. Elected in place of William Pinckney, resigned. 12. Elected in place of Thomas Burnside, resigned. 13. Elected in place of William Mayrant, resigned. 14. Elected in place of Thomas Gholson, deceased. C 15. Elected in place of Alexander C. Harrison, elected Senator. 16. Successfully contested the seat of Johu Adair. 17. Elected in place of Nicholas R. Moore, resigned. 18. Elected in place of John Clopton, de ceased. 19. Successfully contested the election of William S. Smith. Territorial Delegates. Easton, Rufus.l Pope, Nathaniel. Jennings, Jonathan. Scott, John. Lattimore, William. Stevenson, Benjamin. 1. Successfully contested the election of John Scott. THE FIFTEENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President. Ashmun, Eli P. Macon, Nathaniel. Barbour, James. Mason, Jeremiah. Burrill, James, Jr. Mellen, Prentiss.5 Campbell, George W. Morrill, David L. Chace, Dudley. Morrow, Jeremiah. Crittenden, John J. Noble, James. Daggett, David. Otis, Harrison G. Dana, Samuel W. Palmer, William A. 6 Eaton, John Henry. 1 Roberts, Jonathan. Edward, Ninian. Ruggles, Benjamin. Epps, John W. Sanford, Nathan. Fisk, James.2 Smith, William. Forsyth, John. 3 Stokes, Montford. Fromentin, Eligius. Storer. Clement. 7 Gaillard, John. Tait, Charles. Goldsborough, Robert H. Talbot, Isham. Hanson, Alexander C. Taylor, Waller. Horsey, Outerbridge. Tichenor, Isaac. Hunter, William. Troup, George M. Johnson, Henry. 4 Van Dyke, Nicholas. King, Rufus. Williams, John. Lacock, Abner. Williams, Thomas II. Leake, Walter. Wilson, James J. 1. Appointed in place of George W. Campbell, re signed. 2. Elected in place of Dudley Chace, re signed. 3. Elected in place of George M. Troup, resigned. 4. Elected in place of William C. Claiboraa^ deceased, having never taken his seat. 5. Elected in place of Eli P. Ashmun, resigned. 6. Elected ia place of James Fisk, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Jeremiah Mason. REPRESENTATIVES. Henry Clay, Speaker. Abbott, Joel. Campbell, John W. Adams. Benjamin. Claggett, Clifton. Allen, Heman. Claiborne, Thomas, Allen, Samuel C. Cobb, Thomas W. Anderson, Richard C. Jr. Colston, Edward. Anderson, William. Comstock, Oliver C. Austin, Archibald. Cook, Zadock. Baldwin, Henry. Crafts, Samuel C. Ball, William Lee. Crawford, Joel. Barber, Levi. Cruger, Daniel. Barbour, Philip P. Culbreth, Thomas. Bassett, Burwell. Cushman, John P. Bateman. Ephraim. Darlington, Isaac. Bayley, Thomas. Davidson, William.2 Beecher, Philemon. Desha, Joseph. Bellinger, Joseph. Drake, John R. Bennett, Benjamin. Earle, Elias. Bloomfield, Joseph. Edwards, Welden N. Blount, William G. Ellicott, Benjamin. Boden, Andrew. Ervin, James. Boss, John L. Jr. Fisher, Charles. 3 Bryan, Joseph H. Floyd, John. Butler, Josiah. Folger, Waller, Jr. Butler, Thomas. 1 Forney, Daniel M. Burwell, William A. F orsyth. John.4 TABULAR RECORDS. Fuller. Timothy. Gage, Joshua. Garnett, Robert S. Gilbert. Sylvester. 5 Goodwin, Peterson. Hale, Salma. Hall, Thomas H. Hall, Willard. Harrison, William TI. Hasbrouck, Josiah. Heister, Joseph. Hendricks, William. Herbert, John 0. Herkimer, John. Herrick, Samuel. Hitchcock, Peter. Hoggs, Samuel. Holmes. John. Holmes, Uriel. Hopkinson, Joseph. Hostetter, Jacob. 6 Hubbard, Thomas H. Hunter, William. Pawling, Levi. Pegram, John. 9 Peter, George. Pindall, James. Pitkin, Timothy. Pleasants, James. Poindexter, George. Porter, James. Quarles, Tunstall, Jr. Heed, Philip. Reed, Robert Raymond. 10 Rhea, John. Rice, Thomas. Rich, Charles. Richards, Mark. Ringgold, Samuel. Robertson, George. Robertson, Thomas B. Rogers, Thomas J.ll Ross, John. Rnggles, Nathaniel. Savage, John. Sampson, Zabdiel. Huntington, Ebenezer. Sawyer, Lemuel. Ingham, Samuel D. Schuyler, Philip J. Irving, William. Scudder, Tread well. Johnson, James. Settle, Thomas. Johnson, Richard M. Sergeant, John. Jones, Francis. Seybert, Adam. Kinsey, Charles. Shaw, Henry. Kirtland, Dorrance. Sherwood, Samuel B. Lawyer, Thomas. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Lewis, William J. Simkins, Eldred. Lincoln, Enoch.7 Slocum, Jesse. Linn, John. Smith, Ballard. Little, Peter. Smith, Joseph S. Livermore, Arthur. Smith, Samuel. Lowndes, William. Smyth, Alexander. Maclay, William. Southard, Henry. Maclay, William P. Spangler, Jacob. McCoy, William. Speed, Thomas. McLane, Louis. Spencer, John C. McLean, John. Stewart, James. Marchand. David. Stuart, Philip. Marr, George S. Storrs, Henry B. Mason. James B. Strong, Solomon. Mason, Jonathan. Strothers, George F. Mercer, Charles F. Tallmadge, James, Jr. Merrill, Orsamus ( . Tarr, Christian. Middleton, Henry. Taylor, John W. Miller, Stephen D. Terrill, William. Mills, Elijah H. Terry, Nathaniel. Moore. Robert. Tompkins, Caleb. Moore, Samuel. 8 Townsend, George. Morton, Marcus. Trimble, David. Moseley, Jonathan O. Tucker, Henry St. George. Mnnford, George. Tucker, Sterling. Murray, John. Tyler, John. Nelson, Hugh. Upham, Nathaniel. Nelson, Jeremiah. Walker, David. Nelson, Thomas M. Walker, Felix. Nesbit, William. Wallace, James M. New, Anthony. Wendover, Peter H. Newton, Thomas. Westerlo, Rensselaer. Ogden, David A. Whiteside, John. Ogle, Alexander. Whitman, Ezekiel. Orr, Benjamin. Wilkins, James W. Owen, James. Williams, Isaac. Palmer. John. Williams, Lewis. Parris, Albion K. Williams, Thomas S. Parrott, John F. Wilson, John. Patterson, Thomas. Wilson, William. 1. Elected in place of T. B. Robertson, resigned, f. Elected in place of Daniel M. Forney, resigned. 3 Elected in place of George Mnmford, deceased. 4. Elected in place of G. M. Troup, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Uriel Holmes, resigned. (i. Elected in place of Jacob Spangler, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Albion K. Parris, resigned. 8. Elected in place of S. D. Ingham, resigned, f). Elected in place of Peterson Goodwin, deceased. 10. Elected jin place of John Forsyth, elected Senator. 11. Elected in place of John Ross, resigned. Territorial Delegates. Crowell, John. Scott, John. Pope, Nathaniel. THE SIXTEENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. David D. Tompkins, Vice-President. Barbour, James. Mills, Elijah H.4 Brown, James. Morrill, David L. Burrill, James, Jr. Noble, James. Chandler, John. Otis, Harrison Gray. Dana, Samuel W. Palmer, William A. Dickerson, Mahlon. Parrott, John F. Eaton, John Henry. Pinckney, William. Elliott, John. Pleasants, James.5 Edwards, Ninian. Roberts, Jonathan. Gaillard, John. Ruggles, Benjamin. Holmes, David.l Sanford, Nathan. Holmes, John. Smith, William. Horsey, Outerbridge. Southard, Samuel L.G Hunter, William. Stokes, Montford. Johnson, Henry. Talbot, Isham.7 Johnson, Richard M.2. Taylor, Waller. King, Rufus. Thomas, Jesse B. King, William. Tichenor, Isaac. Knight, Nehemiah.3 Trimble, William A. Lanman, James. Van Dyke, Nicholas. Leake, Walter. Walker, Freeman. 8 Lloyd, Edward. Walker. John W. Logan, William. Williams, John. Lowrie, W T alter. Williams, Thomas H. Macon, Nathaniel. Wilson, James J. Mellen, Preiitiss. 1. Elected in place of Walter Leake, resigned 2. Elected in place of John J. Crittc.nden, resigned. 3. Elected in place of James Burrill, Jr., deceased. 4. Elected in place of Prentiss Mellen, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Jno. W. Epps, resigned. 6. Elected in place of James J. Wilson, resigned. 7. Elected in place of William Logan, resigned. 8. Elected in place of John Forsythe, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Henry Clay, Speaker. John W. Taylor, Speaker. \ Abbott, Joel. Brown, William. Adams, Benjamin. Bryan, Henry H. Allen, Nathaniel. Buffem, Joseph, Jr. Allen, Robert. Burton, Hutchins G. Allen, Samuel C. Bui-well, William A. Alexander, Mark. Bush, Henry. Anderson, Richard C. Butler, Josiah. Archer, Stevenson. Butler, Thomas. Archer, William S.2 Campbell, JohnW. Baker, Caleb. Cannon, Newton. Baldwin, Henry. Case, Walter. Ball, Williom Lee. Claggett, Clifton. Barbour, Philip P. Clark, Robert. Bateman, Ephraim. Cobb, Thomas W. Bayley, Thomas. Cocke, John. Beecher, Philemon. Cook, Daniel P. Blackledge, William S.3 Crawford, Joel. Bloomfield, Joseph. Crowell, John. Boden, Andrew. Culbreth, Thomas. Brevard, Joseph. Culpepper, John. TABULAR RECORDS. Cushman, Joshua. Cuthbert, John A. Dane, Joseph. 4 Darliugton. William. Davidson, William. Dennison, George. De Witt, Jacob H. Dickinson, John D. Dowse, Edward. Earle, Elias. Eddy, Samuel. Edwards, Henry "NY. Edwards, Samuel. Edwards, Weldon X. Ervin, James. Eustis, William. 5 Fay, John. Fisher, Charles. Floyd, John. Folger, Walter, Jr. Foot, Samuel A. Ford, William D. Forrest, Thomas. Fuller, Timothy. Fullerton. David. Garham, Benjamin. 6 Garnett, Robert. Gray, John C.7 Gross, Ezra C. Gross,, Samuel. Guyon. James, Jr. 8 Harkley, Aaron. Hall, George. Hall, Thomas H. Hall, Willard. Hardin. Benjamin. Hazard, Nathaniel.9 Heister, Joseph. Hemphill, Joseph. Hendricks, William. Herrick, Samuel. Hiboman, Jacob. Hill, Mark L. Hobart, Aaron. 10 Holmes, John. Hooks, Charles. Hostetter, Jacob. Jackson, Edward B.ll Johnson, Francis.12 Johnson, James. Jones, James. Kendall, Jonas. Kent, Joseph. Kinsey, Charles. Kinsley, Martin. Lathrop. Samuel. Lincoln, Enoch. Linn, John. Little, Peter. Livermore. Arthur. Lowndes, William. Lyman, Joseph S. Maclay, William P. Mallory, Rollin C.13 Marchaud, David. Mason, Jonathan. McCoy, William. McCreery, John. McCullough. Thomas G. McLane, Louis. McLean, Almy. Meech. Ezra. Meigs, Henry. Merrill, Orasmus C. Metcall , Thomas. Moore, Robert. Moore, Samuel. Moore, Thomas K.15 Morton, Marcus. Merrill, Robert. Moseley, Jonathan O. Montgomery, Thomas H.16 Murray, John. Neal, Raphael. Nelson, Hugh. Nelson, Jeremiah. Newton, Thomas. Overstreet, James. Parker. James. Parker, Severn E. Patterson, Thomas. Peck. Harmanus. Phelps, Elisha. Philson, Robert. Pinckney, Charles. Pindall, James. Pitcher, Nathaniel. Pleasants, James. Plummer, William. Quarles, Tunstall, Jr. Randolph, John. Rankin, Christopher. Reid, Robert R. Rhea. John. Rich, Charles. Richards, Mark. Richmond, Jonathan. Ringgold, Samuel. Robertson, George. Rogers. Thomas J. Ross, John. Ross, Thomas K. Sampson. Zabdiel. Sawyer, Lemuel. Sergeant, John, Settle, Thomas. Shaw, Henry. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Simkins. Eldred. Sloan, John. Slocum. Jesse. Smith, Ballard. Smith, Bernard. Smith, James S. Smith, Samuel. Smyth. Alexander. Southard, Henry. Stevens. .James. Storrs, Henry. Street, Randall A. Strong, James. Strong, William. Strother, George F. Tarr. Christian. Terrill, William. Tomlinson, Gideon. Tompkins, Caleb. Tracey, Albert H. Trimble, David. Tucker, George. Tucker, Sterling. Tyler, John. Udree. Daniel. 17 14 Upham, Nathaniel. Walker, David. Walker, Felix. Wallace, James M. Warfield, Henry R. Wendover, Peter H. Whitman, Ezekiel. Williams, Jared. Williams, Lewis. Wood, Silas. 1. Elected Speaker in place of Henry Clay, re signed. 2. Elected in place of James Pleasants, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Jesse Slocum, de ceased. 4. Elected in place of John Holmes, elected Senator. 5. Elected in place of Edward Dowse, re signed. 6. Elected in place of Jonathan Mason, re signed. 7. Elected in place of James Johnson, resigned. 8. Successfully contested the seat of Ebsnezer Sage. 9. Elected in place of James Burrill, elected Senator. 10. Elected in place of Zabdiel Sampson, resigned. 11. Elected in place of James Pindell, resigned. 12. Elected in place of David Walker, deceased. 13. Successfully contested the election of Orasmus C. Merrill. 14. Elected in place of David Fullerton, resigned. 15. Elfcted in place of George F. Strother, resigned. 16. Elected in place of Tunstall Quarles, Jr., resigned. 17. Elected in place of Joseph Heister, resigned. Territorial Delegates. Bates, James Wordson. Sibley, Solomon. 1 Scott, John. Woodbridge, William W. 1. Elected in place of W. W. Woodbridge, resigned. THE SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. Daniel D. Tompkiiis, Vice-President. Barbour, James. Barton, David. Beii ton. Thomas H. Boardman, Elijah. Brown, Ethan A.I Brown, James. Chandler. John. D Wolfe, James. Dickerson, Mahlon. Eaton, JohnH. Edwards, Neiiian. Elliott, John. Findley, William. Gaillard, John. Holmes, David. Holmes, John. Johnson, Henry. Johnson. Richard M. Kelly, William.2 King, Rufus. King, William R. Knight, Neheiniah. Lanmau, James. Lloyd, Edward. Lloyd, James.3 Mills, Elijah H. M orrill, David L. Noble, James, Otis, Harrison, Gray. Palmer, William A. Parrott, John F. Pinckney, William. Pleasants, James. Rodney, Caesar A. Ruggles, Benjamin. Seymour, Horatio. Smith, Samuel. 4 Smith, William. Southard, Samuel L. Stokes, Montford. Talbot, Isham. Taylor, John.5 Taylor, Walter. Thomas, Jesse B. Trimble, William A. Van Buren, Martin. Van Dyke, Nicholas. Walker, John W. Ware, Nicholas. 6 Williams, John H. Williams, Thomas H. Lourie, Walter. Macon Nathaniel. 1. Elected in place of William A. Trimble, de ceased. 2. Elected in place of John W. Walker, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Harrison G. Otis, resigned. 4. Elected in place of William Pinckney, deceased. 5. Elected in place of James Pleasants, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Freeman Walker, resigned. REPBESENTATIVES. Philip P. Barbour, Speaker. Barbour, Philip P. Bassett, Burwell. Barstou, Gideon. Abbott, Joel. Alexander, Mark. Allen, Robert. Allen, Samuel C. Archer, William S. Ball, William Lee. Baldwin, Henry. Barber, Noyes. Barber, Levi. Bateman, Ephraim. Bayliss, Francis. Bayley, Thomas. Bigelow, Lewis. Blackledge, William 3. Blair, James. TABULAR RECORDS. Borland, Charles. 1 Lathrop, Samuel. Stoddard, Ebenezer. Van Wyck, William W. Brecken ridge, James D. Leftwich, Jabez. Swan, Samuel. Walker, Felix. Brown, John. Lincoln, Enoch. Tattnall, Edward F. Walworth, Reuben H. Bryan, Henry. 2 Litchtield, Elisha. Taylor, John W. Warfield, Henry R. Buchannan, James. Little, Peter. Thompson, Wiley. Whipple, Thomas, Jr. Burton, Hutchins G. Long, John. Todcl, John. White, Phineas. Burrows, Daniel. Lowndes, William. Tomlinson, Gideon. Whitman, Ezekiel. Butler, Josiah. Mallory, Rollin C. Tracy, Albert H. Williams, Jared. Gambreleng, Churchill C. Matlack, James. Trimble, David. Williams, Lewis. Campbell, John W. Matson, Aaron. Tucker, George. Williams, William D. Campbell, Samuel. Mattocks, John. Tucker, Sterling. Wilson, John. Cannon, Newton. McCarthy, Richard. Udree, Daniel. 17 Wood, Silas. Carter, John. 3 McCoy, William. Upham, Nathaniel. Woodcock, David. Cassedy, George. McDufrie, George. Vance, John. Woodson. Samuel II. Causden, Jeremiah. McKim, Isaac. 12 Van Rensselaer, Solomon. Worman, Ludwig. Chambers, David. McLane, Louis. Van Rensselaer,Stephen. Wright, Robert. Cocke, John. McNeil, Archibald. Van Swearingen, Thomas. Golden, Cadwallader D.4 McSherry, .Tames. 1. Elected in place of Selah Tuthill, deceased. Condit, Lewis. Mercer, Charles F. 2. Regularly elected but appears never to have taken Conkling, Alfred. Metcalf, Thomas. his seat. 3. Elected in place of James Blair, resigned. Connor, Henry. Milnor, William. 4. Successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe. Cook, Daniel P. Mitchell, James S. 5. Elected in place of William Milner, resigned. Crafts, Samuel C. Mitchell, Thomas R. 6. Elected in place of Henry Baldwin, resigned. 7. Crudup, Henry. Montgomery, Thomas. Elected in place of James Overstreet, deceased. 8. Cushuian, Joshua. Moore, Gabriel. Elected in place of William Lowndes, resigned. Cuthbert, Alfred. Moore, Samuel. 9. Elected in place of Ezekiel Whitman, resigned. Dane, Joseph. Moore, Thomas L. 10. Elected in place of Samuel Moore, resigned. 11. Darlington, William. Morgan, John J. Elected in place of William Hendricks, resigned. Dennison, George. Murray, Thomas Jr. 12. Elected in place of Samuel Smith, elected Sen Dickerson, John T). Neal, Raphael. ator. 13. Successfully contested the election of Jere Durfee, Job. Nelson, Hugh. miah Causden. 14. Elected Senator. 15. Elected Dwight, Henry W. Nelson, Jeremiah. in place of Caesar A. Rodney, elected Senator. Ifi. Erdy, Samuel. Nelson, John. Elected in place of Ludwig Worman, deceased. Edwards, Henry W. New, Anthony. 17. Elected in place of Solomon Van Rensselaer, Edwards, Samuel. Newton, Thomas. resigned. Edwards, Weldou N. Overstreet, James. Territorial Delegates. Eust s, William. Farrelly, Patrick. Patterson, Thomas. Patterson, Walter. Bates, James W. Sibley, Solomon. Hernandez, Joseph M. Findley, John. Phillips, John. Floyd, John. Forrest, Thomas. 5 Pierson, Jeremiah II. Pitcher, Nathaniel. THE EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS. Forward, Walter. 6 Plummer, George. SENATORS. Fuller, Timothy. Plumrner, William, .Jr. Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President. Garnett, Robert S. Poinsett, Joel R. Barbour, James. King, Rufus. Gebhard, John. Randolph, John. Barton, David. King, William R, Gilmer, George R. Rankin, Christopher. Bell, Samuel. Knight, Nehemiah. Gist, James. Reed, John. Benton, Thomas H. Lanman, James. Qorham, Benjamin. Reed, Philip.13 Bouligney, Dominique. I Lloyd, Edward. Govau, Andrew G.7 Reid, Robert R. Branch, John. Lloyd, James. Gross, Samuel. Rhea, John. Brown, Ethan Allen. Lourie, Walter. Hall, John H. Rich, Charles. Brown, James. Macon, Nathaniel. Hamilton, James W.8 Hardin, Benjamin. Rochester, William B. Rodney, Caesar A. 14 Chandler, John. Mcllvaine,yoseph.6 Clayton, Thomas.2 McLean. John.7 Harris, Mark. 9 Rodney, John. 15 Cobb, Thomas W.3 Mills, Elijah Hunt. Harvey, Mathew. Rogers, Thomas J. Dickerson, Mahlon. Noble, James. Hawkes, John. Ross, Thomas R. De Wolfe, James. Palmer. William A. Hi inphill, Joseph. Ruggles, Charles H. Eaton, John II. Parrott, John F. Hendricks, William. Russ, John. Edwards, Henry W.4 Ruggles, Benjamin. H^iTtck, Ebenezer. Russell, Jonathan. Edwards, Ninian. Seymour, Horatio. Hill, MarkL. Sanders, Romulus. Elliott, John. Smith, Samuel. Hobart, Aaron. Sawyer, Lemuel. Findley, William. Talbot, Isham. Holcomb, George. Scott, John. Gaillard, John. Taylor, John. Hooks, Charles. Sergeant, John. Hayne, Robert Y. Taylor, Walter. Hubbard, Thomas H. Sloan, John. Holmes, David. Ta zewell, Littleton W.8 Ingham, Samuel D.10 Stewart. Andrew. Holmes, John. Thomas, Jesse B. Ja-kson. Edward B. Smith, Arthur. Jackson, Andrew. Van Dyke. Nicholas. Jennirgi. Jonathan. 11 Smith. .John S. Johnson, Henry. Van Buren, Martin. Johnson, Francis. Smith, Samuel. Johnson, Richard M. Ware, Nicholas. Johnson, John T. Smith, William. Johnston, Josiah S. 5 Williams, Thomas H. Johnson, Josiah S. Smyth, Alexander. Kelly, William. .Jones, Francis. Jones, .James. Kent, Joseph. Spencer, Elijah. Sterling. Ansel. Sterling. Micah. 1. Elected in place of Henry Johnson, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Caesar A. Rodney, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Nicholas Ware, deceased. Keys, Elias. Kirkland, Joseph. Stevenson, Alexander. Stevenson, James. 16 4. Elected in place of Elijah Board in an, deceased. 5. Elected in place of James Brown, resigned. TABULAR RECORDS. 6. Elected in place of Samuel L. Southard, resigned. Newton, Thomas. Taliaferro, John. 6 7. Elected in place of Ninian Edwards, resigned. 8. Elected in place of John Taylor, deceased. O Brien, Jeremiah. Tattuall, Edward T. Olin, Henry. 4 Taylor, John W. REPRESENTATIVES. Outlaw, George. 5 Ten Eyck, Egbert. Owen, George W. Test, John. Henry Clay, Speaker. Patterson, John. Thompson, Philip. Abbott, Joel. Garrison, Daniel. Patterson, Thomas. Thompson, W T iley. Adams, Parmenio.l Gatlin. Alfred M. Plummer, George. Thomson, Alexander.7 Alexander. Adam R. Govan, Andrew R. Plununer, William, Jr. Todd, John. Alexander, Mark. Gazlay, James W. Poinsett, Joel R. Tonilinson. Gideon. Allen, Robert. Gist, Joseph. Prince, William. Tracy, Albert H. Allen, Samuel C. Gurley, H. H. Randolph, John. Trimble, David. Allison, James. Hall, Thomas H. Rankin, Christopher. Tucker, Starling. Archer, William S. Hamilton, James, Jr. Reed, John. Tyson, Jacob. Bailey, John. Harris, Robert. Reynolds, James B. Udree, Daniel. Ball, William Lee. Harvey, Mathew. Rich, Charles. Vance, Joseph. Barber, Noyes. Hayden, Moses. Richards, John. Vance, Robert B. Barbour, John S. Hayward, William Jr. Rives, William C. Van Rensselaer, Stephen. Barbour, Philip P. Hemphill, Joseph. Rogers, Thomas J. Van Wyck, William. Bartlett, Ichabod. Henry, Robert P. Rose, Robert S. Vinton, Samuel T. Bartley, Mordecai. Herkimer, John. Ross, Thomas R. Warfield, Henry B. Bassett, Burwelli Herrick, Ebenezer. Sandford, Joseph T. Wayne, Isaac. Baylies, Francis. Hobart, Aaron. Saunders, Romulus M. Webster, Daniel. Beecher, Philemon. Hogeboom, James L. Scott, John. Whipple, Thomas. Blair, John. Holcombe, George. Sharpe, Peter. White, David. Bradley, William C. Hooks, Charles. Sibley, Jonas. Whitlesey, Elisha. Breck, Samuel. Houston, Samuel. Sloane, Joseph. Whitman, Samuel. Brent, William L. Ingham, Samuel D. Smith, Arthur. Wickliffe, Charles A. Brown, John. Isaacs, Jacob C. Smith, William. Wilde, Richard Henry. 8 Buchanan, James. Jenkins, Lemuel. Smyth, Alexander. Williams, Isaac. Buck, Daniel A. A. Jennings, Jonathan. Spaight, Richard D. Williams, Jared. Buckner, Richard A. Johnson Francis. Spenee, John S. Williams, Lewis. Burleigh, William. Johnson, John T. Standefer, James. Wilson, Henry. Burton, Hutchins G. Johnson, Joseph. Sterling, Ansel. Wilson, Isaac. Cady. John N. Kent, Joseph. Stevenson, Andrew. Wilson, James. Call, Jacob. 2 Kidder, David. Stevenson, James. Wilson, John. Cambreleng, Churchill C. Kreamer, George. Stodd.ard, Ebenezer. Wilson, William. Campbell, John W. Lathrop, Samuel. Storrs, Henry R. V* ood, Silas. Campbell. Robert B. Lawrence, Samuel. Strong, James. Woods, William. Carey, George. Lee, John. Stewart, Andrew. Wolfe, George. 9 Carter, John. Leftwitch, Jabez. Swan, Samuel. Wright, John C. Cassedy, George. Letcher, Robert P. 1 . Successfully contested the seat of Isaac Williams. Clark, Lot. Lincoln, Enoch. 2. Elected in place of William Prince, deceased. Cobb, Thomas W.3 Litchfield, Elisha. 3. Elected Senator in place of Michael Ware, de Cocke, John. Little, Peter. ceased. 4. Elected in place of Charles Rich, de Collins, Ela. Livermore, Arthur. ceased. 5. Elected in place of Hutchins G. Barton, Condit, Lewis. Livingston, Edward. resigned. 6. Elected in place of John Todd, re Connor, Henry W. Locke, John. signed. 7. Elected in place of William Lee Ball, Cook, Daniel P. Long, John. deceased. 8. Elected in place of Thomas W. Cobb, Crafts, Samuel C. Longfellow, Stephen. elected Senator. 9. Elected in place of Thomas J. Craig, Hector. Mallory, Rollin C. Rogers, resigned. Crowninshield, Benj. W. Mangum, Willie P. Culpepper, John. Marion, Dudley. Terriiorial Delegates. 3all, Richard K. Richards. Gabriel. Cushman, Joshua. Markly, PhilipS. Conway, Henry W. Cnthbert, Alfred. Martiudale, Henry C. Day, Roland. Matlack, James. THE NINETEENTH CONGRESS. Durfee, Job. Matson, Aaron. Dwight, Henry W. McArthur, Duncan. SENATORS. Dwinell, Justin. McCoy, William. John C. Calhoun, Vice-President. Eaton, Lewis. McDuffie, George. Barbour, James. Eaton, John H. Eddy, Samuel. McKean, Samuel. Barton, David. Edwards, Henry W. Edwards, Samuel. McKee, John. Bateman, Ephraim.1 Ellis, Powhattan.3 Edwards, Weldon M. McKim, Isaac. Bell, Samuel. Findley, William. Ellis, William Cox. McLane, Louis. Berrian, JohnMcPherson. Gaillard, .John. Farrelly, Patrick. McLane, William. Benton, Thomas H. Harper, W T illiam.4 Findley, John. Mercer, Charles F. Bouligney, Dominique. Harrison, William H. Floyd, John. Metcalf, Thomas. Branch, John. Hayne, Robert Y. Foote, Charles A. Miller, David H. Chambers, Ezekiel.2 Hendricks, William. Foote, Samuel A. Mitchell, George E. Chambers, Henry. Holmes, David. Forsyth, John. Mitchell, James S. Chandler, John. Holmes, John. Forward, Walter. Moore, Gabriel P. Chase, Dudley. Jackson, Andrew. Frost, Joel. Moore, Thomas P. Clayton, Thomas. Johnson, Richard M. Fuller, Timothy. Morgan, John J. Cobb, Thomas W. Johnston, Josiah S. Gaillard, John. Neal, Raphael. Dickerson, Mahlon. Kane, Elias K. Garrett, Robert S. Nelson, Jeremiah. D Wolfe, James. King, William R. TABULAR RECORDS. Knight. Xehemiah R. Rowan, John. Hasbrouck. Abraham B. Moore, Thomas P. Lloyd, Edward. Ruggles, Benjamin. Havden, Moses. Newton, Thomas. Lloyd, James. Sanford, Nathan. Haynes, Charles E. O Brien, Jeremiah. Macon, Nathaniel.5 Seymour, Horatio. Healey, Joseph. Orr, Robert. Marks, William. Silsbee, Nathaniel. 13 Hemphill, James. Owen, George W. Mcllvane, Joseph. Smith, Samuel. Henry, John F.4 Pearce, Duttee J. McKinley, John.6 Smith, William. 14 Henry, Robert P. Peter, George. Mills, Elijah H. Tazewell, Littleton. Herrick, Ebenezer. Phillips, Elisha. Noble, James. Thomas, Jesse B. Hines, Richard. Plummer, George. Pickens, Israel. 7 Van Buren, Martin. Hobart, Aaron. Polk, James K. Randolph, John.8 Van Dyke, Nicholas. Hoffman, Michael. Porter, Timothy H. Reed, Thomas B.9 White, Hugh Lawson.15 Holcomb, George. Powell, Alfred H. Ridgely, Henry M.10 Willey, Calvin. 16 Holmes, Gabriel. Rankin, Christopher. Robbins, Ashur.ll Williams, Thomas H. Houston, Samuel. Reed, John. Rodney, Daniel. 12 Woodbury, Levi. Huguntn, David, Jr. Ripley, James W.8 1. Elected in place of Joseph Mcllvane, deceased. Humphrey, Charles. Rives, William C. 2. Elected in place of Edward Lloyd, resigned. 3. Ingersoll, Ralph J. Rose, Robert S. Appointed in place of David Holmes, resigned. 4. Ingham, Samuel D. Ross, Henry H. Appointed in place of John Gaillard, deceased. Isaacks, Jacob C. Sands, Joshua. 5. Elected in place of Willie P. Mangum, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Henry Chambers, deceased. Jennings, David. Jennings, Jonathan. Saunders, Romulus M. Sawyer, Lemuel. 7. Appointed in place of Henry Chambers, deceased. Johnson, Francis. Scott, John. 8. Elected in place of James Barbour, resigned. 9. Johnson, James. Shannon, Thorn as. 9 Elected in place of David Holmes, resigned. 10. Johnson, Jeromus. Sill, Thomas H.10 Elected in place of Nicholas Van Dyke, deceased. Johnson, Joseph. Sloane, John. 11. Elected in place of James D Wolfe, resigned. Kellogg, Charles. Smith, William. 12. Appointed in place of Nicholas Van Dyke, de Kent, Joseph. Sprague, Peleg. ceased. 13. Elected in place of James Lloyd, Kerr, John Leeds. Stevenson, Andrew. resigned. 14. Elected in place of John Gaillard, Kidder. David, Stevenson, James S. deceased. 15. Elected in place of Andrew Jackson, Kittera, Thomas. 5 Storrs, Henry R. resigned. 16. Elected in place of James Lanman, Krebs, Jacob. 6 Strong, James. appointed during recess of the Legislature but whom the Senate declared not entitled to a seat. Kremer, George. Lathrop, Samuel. Stewart, Andrew. Swan, Samuel. Lawrence, Josep*h. Talliaferro, John. REPRESENTATIVES. Lecompte, Joseph. Tattnall, Edward F. John W. Taylor, Speaker. Letcher, Robert P. Taylor, Robert. Adams, Parmenio. Cassedy, George. Lincoln, Enoch. Ten Eyck, Egbert. Adams, William. Claiborne, Nathaniel It. Little, Peter. Test, John. Alexander, Adam R. Clark, James. Livingston, Edward. Thompson, John. Alexander, Mark. Cocke, John. Locke, John. Thompson, Wiley. Allen, Robert. Condit. Lewis. Long, John. Thomson, Alexander. Allen, Samuel C. Connor, Henry W. Mallory, Rollin C. Tomlinson, Gido-m. Alston, Willis. Cook, Daniel P. Mangum, Willie P. Trezrant, John. Anderson, John. Crowninshield, Benj. W. Marable, John 1 1. Trimble, David. Angel, William G. Crump, George W. Markell, Henry. Tucker, Ebenez( r. Archer, William S. Cuthbert, Alfred. Markley, Philip S. Tucker, Starling. Armstrong, William Davenport, Thomas. Martin, Robert N. Vance, Joseph. Ashley, Henry. Davis, John. Martindale, Henry C. Van Horn, Espy. Badger, Luther. Deitz, William. Mattocks, John. Van Rensselaer, Stephen. Bailey, John. Dorsev, Clement, Marvin, Dudley. Varnum, John. Baldwin, John. Drayton, William. McCoy, William. Verplank, Guliau C. Barber, Noyes. Dwight, Henry W. McDuffie, George. Vinton, Samuel F. Barbour, John S. Eastman, Nehemiah. McHatton, Robert.7 Ward, Aaron. Barney, John Edwards, Samuel. McKean, Samuel. Waters, George E. Barringer, Daniel L.I Edwards, Welden, N. McKee, John. Webster, Daniel. Bartlett, Ichabod. Estil, Benjamin. McLane, Louis. Weems, John C.ll Hartley, Mordecai. Everett, Edward. McLean. William. Whipple, Thomas, Jr. Bassett, Harwell. Farrelly, Patrick. McManus, William. White, Barton. Baylies, Francis. Findlay, James. McNeil, Archibald. Whittemore Elisha. Beecher, Philemon. Findlay, John Meech, Ezra. Whittlesey, Elisha. Blair, John. Floyd, John. Mercer, Charles F. Wickliffe, Charles A. Boone, Ratliffe. Forsyth, John. Merriwether, James. Williams, Lewis. Bradley, William C. Forward, Chavmcov 2 Merwin, Orange. Wilson, Henry. Brent, William L. Fosdick, Nicoll. Metcalf, Thomas. Wilson. James. Brown, Titus. Garnett, Robert S. Miller, Daniel H. Wilson, John. Bryan, John K. Garrison, Daniel. Miller, John. Wilson, William. Buchanan, James. Garnsey, Daniel G Mitchell, George E. Wolf, George. Buckner, Richard A. Gist, Joseph. Mitchell, James C. Wood, Silas. Burgess, Tristam. Govan, Andrew G Mitchell, James S. W T oods, John. Burleigh, William. Gurley, Henry H Mitchell, John. Worthington, Thomas C. Cambreleng, Churchill C. Haile, William 3 Mitchell, Thomas R. Wright, John C. Campbell, John W. Hallock, John. Miner, Charles. Wurtz, John. Carey, George. Hamilton, James. Moore, Gabriel. Younar. William S. Carson, Samuel P. Harris, Robert barter. John. Harvey, Jonathan 1. Elected in place of Willie P. Mangum, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Alexander Thomson, resigned. TABULAR RECORDS. 3. Elected in place of Christopher Rankin, deceased. Chambers, John.l Markell, Henry. 4. Elected in place of Robert P. Henry, deceased. Chase, Samuel. Martin, William D. 5. Elected in place of Joseph Hemphill, resigned. Claiborne, Nathaniel H. Martindale, Henry C. 6. Elected in place of Henry Wilson, deceased. 7. Clark, James. Marvin, Dudley. Elected in place of James Johnson, deceased. 8. Clark, John C. Maxwell, Lewis. Elected in place of Enoch Lincoln, resigned. Condict, Lewis. Maynard, John. 9. Elected in place of David Jennings, resigned. Connor, Henry W. McCoy, William. 10. Elected in place of Patrick Farrelly, deceased. Coulter, Richard. McDuffie, George. 11. Elected in place of Joseph Kent, resigned. Crockett, David. McHatton, Robert. Territorial Delegates. Creighton, William, Jr. Mclntire, Rufus. Con way, Henry W. Wing, Austin E. White, Joseph M. Jrowninshield, Benj. W. Dulpepper, John. Daniel, Henry. McKean, Samuel. McKee, John. McLean, William. THE TWENTIETH CONGRESS. Davenport, John. Metcalf, Thomas. SEX \TORS Davenport, Thomas. Mercer, Charles F. Davis, John. Merwin, Orange. John C. Cxlhoun, Vice- President. Davis, Warren, K. Miller, Daniel H. Bateman, Epliraim. Knight, Nehemiah R. De Graff, John T. Miner, Charles. Barnard, Isaac. Macon Nathaniel. Desha, Robert. Mitchell, James C. Barton, David. Marks, William. Dickinson, John D. Mitchell, John. Bell, Samuel. . McKinley, John. Dorsey, Clement. Mitchell, Thomas R. Benton, Thomas H. McLane, Louis. Dray ton, William. Moore, Gabriel. Berrian, John McPherson. Xoble, James, Duncan, Joseph. Moore, Thomas 1". Bouligney, Dominique. Parris, Albion K. Dwight, Henry W. Muhlenberg, Fred F.3 Branch, John. Prince, Oliver H.6 Earll, Jonas. Newton, Thomas. Burnett, Jacob. 1 Ridgeley, Henry M. Everett, Edward. Nuckolls, William T. Chambers, Ezekiel F. Robbins, Asa. Findlay, James. Oakley, Thomas J. Chandler. John. Rowan, John. Floyd, John. O Brien, Jeremiah. Chase, Dudley. Ruggles, Benjamin. Floyd, John. Orr, Robert. Jr. Cobb, Thomas W. Sanford, Nathan. Foot, Tomlinson. Owen, George W. Dickerson, Mahlon.2 Seymour, Horatio. Forward, Chauncey. Pearce, DutteeJ. Dudley, Charles E.3 Silsbee, Nathaniel. Fry, James, Jr. Phillips, Elisha. Eaton. John H. Smith, Samuel. Gale, Levin. Pierson, Isaac. Ellis, Powhattan. Smith, William. Garnsey, Daniel E. Plant, David. Foot, Samuel. Tazewell, Littleton. Garrow, Nathaniel. Polk, James K. Harrison, William H. Thomas, Jesse B. Gilmer, George R. Ramsey, William. Hayne, Robert Y. Tyler, John. Gorhain, Benjamin. Randolph, James F.4. Hendricks, William. Van Buren, Martin. Green, James. Randolph, John. Holmes, John. 4 Webster, Daniel. Gurley, Henry- H. Reed, John. Iredell, James. 5 White, Hugh Lawson. Hails, William. Richardson, Joseph. Johnson, Richard M. Willey, Calvin. Hall, Thomas H. Ripley, James W. Johnston, Josiah S. Williams, Thomas H. Hallock, John. Rives, William C. Kane, Elias K. Woodbury, Levi. Hamilton, James. Jr. Roane, John. King, William R. Harvey, Jonathan. Russell, William. 1. Elected in place of W. H. Harrison, resigned. Haynes, Charles E. Sawyer, Lemuel. 2. Resigned, and was elected in place of Ephraim Bateman, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Martin Van Buren, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Albion K. Parris, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Nathaniel Macon, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Thomas W. Cobb, resigned. Healy, Joseph. Hinds, Thomas. 2 Hobbie, Selah R. Hodges, James L. Hoffman, Michael. Holcomb, George. Holmes, Gabriel. Sergeant, John. Sheppard, Augustine FL Sinnickson, Thomas. 5 Sloane, John. Slower, John G. Smith, Oliver H. Smyth, Alexander. REPEESENTATIVES. Hunt, Jonathan. Sprague, Peleg. Andrew Stevenson, Speaker. Ingham, Samuel D. Sprigg, Michael C. Adams, William. Bassett, Burwell. Ingersoll, Ralph J. Stanberg, William. Alexander, Mark. Bates, Edward. Isaacs, Jacob C. Steregere, John B. Alleu, Robert. Bates, Isaac C. Jennings, Jonathan. Stevenson, Josephs. Allen, Samuel C. Beecher, Philemon. Kerr, John Leeds. Stewart, Andrew. Alston, Willis. Belden, George O. Keese, Richard. Storrs, Henry R. Anderson, John. Bell, John. King, Adam. Strong, James. Anderson. Samuel. Blair, John. Kreamer, George. Sutherland, John. Archer, William S. Blake, Thomas H. Lawrence, Joseph. Swan, Samuel. Armstrong, William. Brent, William L. Lea, Pryor. Swift, Benjamin. Bailey, John. Brown, Titus. Leffler, Isaac. Taber, Thomas?. 2<1.6 Baldwin, John. Bryan, John H. Lecompte, Joseph. Talliaferro, John. Barber, Noyes. Buchanan, James. Letcher, Robert P. Taylor, John W. Barbour. John S. Buck, Daniel A. A. Little, Peter. Thompson, Hodge. Barbour, Philip P. Buckner, Richard A. Livingston, Edward. Thompson, Wiley. Barker, David, Jr. Bunner, Rudolph. Locke, John. Tracey, Phineas L Barlow, Stephen. Burges, Tristam. Long, John. Trezvant, John. Barnard, Daniel D. Butman, Samuel. Lumpkin, Wilson. Tucker, Ebenezer. Barney, John. Cambreleng, C. C. Lyon, Chittenden. Tucker, Starling. Barringer. Daniel L. Carter, John. Magee, John. Turner, Daniel. Bartlett, Ichabod. Carson, Samuel P. Marable, John H. Vance, Joseph. Bartley, Mordecai. C hilton. Thomas. Mallory, Rollin C. Van Horn, Eapy. xl TABULAR RECORDS. Vau Rensselaer, Stephen. Williams, Lewis. Baylor, Robert E. B. Grennell, George, Jr. Varnum, John. Wilson, Ephraim. Beckman, Thomas. Gurley, Henry M. Verplank, Gulian C. Wilson, James. Bell, John. Hall, Thomas H. Vinton, Samuel F. Wingate, Joseph F. Blair, James. Halsey, Jehiel. Wales. George E. Wolfe, George. Blair, John. Hammons, Joseph. Ward, Aaron. Wood, John, Jr. Bocker, Abraham. Harvey, Jonathan. Washington, George C. Wood, Silas. Boone, Ratliffe. Haynes, Charles E. Weeras, John C. Woods, John. Borst, Peter I. Hawkins, Joseph. Whipple, Thomas, Jr. Woodcock, David. Bouldin, Thomas T. Hemphill, Joseph. Whittlesey, Elisha. Wright, John C. Bretman, Samuel. Hinds, Thomas. Wickliffe, Charles A. Wright, Silas. Broadhead, John. Hodges, James L. Wilde, Richard Henry. Yancey, Joel. Brown, Elias. Hoffman, Michael. 1. Elected in place of Thomas Metcalf, resigned. 2. Elected in place of William Hails, resigned. Buchanan, James. Burgess, Tristam. Holland, Cornelius. 3 Howard. Benjamin C. 3. Elected in place of William Creighton, resigned. 4. Elected in place of George Holcomb, deceased. Cahoon. William. Cambreleng, C. C. Hubbard. Henry. Hughes, Thomas H. 5. Elected in place of Hodge Thompson, deceased. 6. Elected in place of Thomas J. Oakley, resigned. Campbell, John. Carson, Samuel T. Chandler, Thomas. Hunt, Jonathan. Huntington, Jabez W. Ihrie, Peter. Territorial Delegates. Childs, Timothy. Ingersoll, Ralph J. Sevier, A. H. Wing, Austin E. Chilton, Thomas. Irvin, William W.4 White, Joseph M. Clarke, James. Irwin, Thomas. Claiborne, Nathaniel. Isacks, Jacob C. THE TWENTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Clay, C. C. Jarvis, Leonard. QiP"V A TT"PQ Coke, Richard. Jennings, Jonathan. i . N A J_<Jrto. Coleman, Nicholas D. Johns, Kensey, Jr. John C. Calhoun, Vice-President. Condich. Lewis. Johnson, Cave. Adams, Robert H.I King, William R. Connor, Henry W. Johnson, Richard M. Baker, David J.2 Knight, Nehemiah R. Cooper, Richard M. Kendall, Joseph G. Barnard. Isaac D. Livingston, Edward. Coulter, Richard. Kennon, William. Barton, David. Marks, William. Cowles, Henry B. Kincaid, John. Bell, Samuel. McKinley, John. Craig, Hector. King, Adam. Benton, Thomas H. McLane, Louis. Craig, Robert. King, Perkins. Berrian, John McPherson. McLean, John. Craine, Joseph H. Lainar, Henry G. Bibb, George M. Naudain, Arnold. 6 Crawford, Thomas H. Lea, Pryor. Branch, John. Noble, James. Creighton, William. Leavitt, Humphrey 11.5 Brown. Bedford.3 Poindexter, George.7 Crocheron, Jacob. Lecompte, Joseph. Burnett, Jacob. Robbins, Asher. Crockett, David. Leiper, George C. Chambers, EzekielF. Robinson, John M.8 Crowninshield, Benj. W. Lent, James. Chase, Dudley. Rowan John. Daniel, Henry. Letcher, Robert P. Clayton, John M. Ruggles, Benjamin. Davenport, Thomas. Lewis, Dixon H. Dickerson, Mahlon. Sanford, Nathan. Davis, John. Loyall George. Dudley, Charles E. Seymour, Horatio. Davis, Warren K. Lumpkin, Wilson. Eaton, John E. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Deberry, Edmund. Lyon, Chittenden. Ellis, Powhattan. Smith, Samuel. Denny, Harmer. Magee, John. Foot, Samuel A. Smith, William. Desha, Robert. Mallory, Rollin C. Forsyth, John. 4 Sprague, Peleg. DeWitt, Charles G. Marr, Alem. Freliughuysen, Theodore. Tazewell, Littleton W. Dickerson, John D. Martin, William D. Grundy, Felix. 5 Troup, George M. Doddridge, Philip P. Martindale, Henry C. Hayne, Robert Y. Taylor, John. Dorsey, Clement. Maxwell, Lewis. Hendricks, William. White, Hugh Lawson. Draper, Joseph. 1 Maxwell, Thomas. Holmes, John. Willey, Calvin. Dray ton, William. McCoy, William. Iredell, James. Webster, Daniel. Dudley, Edward B. McCreery, William. Johnston, Joshia T. Woodbury, Levi. Duncan, Joseph. McDuffie, George. Kane, Elias R. D wight, Henry W. Mclntire, Rufus. 1. Elected in place of Thomas B. Reed, deceased. Eager, S. W.2 Mercer, Charles F. 2. Appointed in place of John McLean, deceased. Earll, Jonas, Jr. Miller, Daniel H. 3. Elected in place of John Branch, resigned. 4. Evans, George. Mitchell, George E. Elected in place of J. McPhearson Berrian, resigned. Evans, Joshua. Morrell, Robert. 5. Elected in place of John H. Eaton, resigned. Ellsworth, William W. Muhlenbergh, Henry A. V. Elected in place of Louis McLane, resigned. Everett, Edward. Newton, Thomas. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of Everett, Horace. Norton, Ebenezer F. Robert H. Adams, deceased. 8. Elected in place of Finch, Isaac. Nuckolls, William T. John McLean, deceased. Findlay, John. Overton, Walter H. REPRESENTATIVES. Fisher, George. Patton, John M.6 Andrew Stevenson, Speaker. Alexander. Mark. Bayley, John. Ford, James. Forward, Chauncey. Foster, Thomas T. Pearce, Duttee J. Pettis, Spencer. Pierson, Isaac. Alston, Willis. Barber, Noyes. Allen, Robert. Barbour, John S. Anderson, John. Barbour, Philip P. Angell, William G. Barnwell, Robert W. Archer, William 8. Barringer, Daniel L. Armstrong, William. Bartley, Mordecai. Fry, Joseph, Jr. Gaither, Nathan. Gilmore, John. Goodenow, John N. Gorham. Benjamin. Gordon, William F. Polk, James K. Potter, Robert. Powers, Ge-rsham. Ramsey, William. Randolph, James F. Reed John. Arnold, Benedict. Bates/ Isaac C. Green, Inn is. Reucher, Abraham. TABULAR RECORDS. xli Richardson, Joseph. Swift, Benjamin. Appointed in place of John Noble, deceased. 5. Ripley, Joseph W. Talliaferro, John. Elected in place of Littleton Tazewell, resigned. Roane, John. Taylor, John W. 6. Elected in place of James Noble, deceased. 7. Rose, Robert 8. Test, John. Elected in place of Edward Livingston, resigned. Russell, William. Thompson, John. 8. Elected in place of William L Marcy, resigned. Sanford, Jonah. 7 Thompson, Wiley. Scott, John. Tracy, PhineasL. REPRESENTATIVES. Semmes, Benedict J. Trezvant, James. Andrew Stevenson, Speaker. Shepard, William B. Tucker, Starling. Shepherd, Augustins H. Vance, Joseph. Shields, James. Varnum, John. Sill, Thomas H. Verplank, Gulian C. Smith, Samuel A. Ven ton, Samuel F. Smyth, Alexander. Washington, George C. Adair, John. Davis, Warren R. Adams, John Q. Dayan, Charles. Allan, Chilton. Dearborn, Henry A. S. Allen, Heman. Denny, Hanner, Allen, Robert. Dewart, Lewis. Allison, Robert. Dickson John. Spencer, Ambrose. Wayne, James M. Spencer, Richard. Weeks, John W. Speight, Jesse. White, Campbell P. Sprigg, Michael C. White, Edward D. Stanberry, William. Whittlesey, Elisha. Standifer, James. Wickliffe, Charles A. Stephens, Philander. Wilde, Richard H. Sterigere, John B. Williams, Lewis Storrs. Henry R. Wilson, Ephraim K. Storrs, William L. Wingates, Joseph F. Strong, James. Wright, Silas. 8 Sutherland, Joel B. Yancey, Joel. Swan, Samuel. Young, Ebenezer. Alexander, Mark. Doddridge, Philip. Anderson, John. Doubleday, Ulysses F. Angel, William G. Draper, Joseph. Appleton, Nathan. Dray ton, William. Archer, William S. Duncan, Joseph. Armstrong, William. Ellsworth, William W. Arnold, Thomas N. Evans, George. Ashley, William H. Evans, Joshua. Babcock, William. Everett, Edward. Banks, John. Everett, Horace. Barber, Noyes. Felder, John M. Barbour, John S. Findlay, James. Barnwell, Robert W. Fitzgerald, William. 1. Elected in place of Alexander Smyth, deceased. Barringer, Daniel L. Ford, Joseph. 2. Elected in place of Hector Craig, resigned. Barston, Gamaliel H. Foster, Thomas F. ,i. Elected in place of James W. Ripley, resigned. Bates, Isaac C. Gaither, Nathan. 4. Elected in place of John M. Goodenow, resigned. Bates, James. Gilmore, John. 5. Successfully contested the election of Thomas Beardsley, Samuel. Gordon, William F. Newton. 6. Elected in place of Philip P. Barbour, Bell, John. Grennell, George, Jr. resigned. 7. Elected in place of Silas Wright, who Bergen, John F. Griffin, John R. declined to take his seat. 8. Successfully contested Kethune, Laughlin. Hall, Hiland. the election of George Fisher, and declined to take Blair, James. Hall, Thomas H. his seat. Blair, John. Hall, William. Territorial Delegates. Boone, Ratliff. Hammond, Joseph. Biddle, John. White, Joseph M. Bouck, Joseph. Harper, Joseph M. Sevier, Ambrose H. Boulden, Thomas T. Hawes, Albert G. Branch, John. Hawkins, M. T. THE TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Briggs, George N. Heister, William. SENATORS. Broadhead, John. Hodges, James L. John C. Calhoun, Vice- President. Brodhead, John C. Hoffman, Michael. Bucher, John C. Hogan, William. Bell, Samuel. Knight, Nathaniel H. Bullard, Henry A. Holland, Cornelius. Benton, Thomas H. Mangum, Willie P. Burd, George. Horn, Henry. Bibb, George M. Marcy, William L. Burgess, Tristam. Howard, Benjamin C. Black, John. 1 Miller, Stephen K. Gaboon, William. Hubbard, Henry. Brown, Bedford. Moore, Gideon. Cambreleng, C. C. Hughes, Thomas H. Buckner, Alexander. Naudain, Arnold. Carr. John. Hunt, Jonathan. Calhoun, John C.2 Poindexter, George. Carson, Samuel P. Huntington, Jabez W Chambers, Ezekiel F. Prentiss, Samuel. Chandler, Thomas. Ihvie, Peter Jr. Clay, Henry. Rives, William C.5 Chinn, Joseph W. Ingersoll, Ralph I. Clayton, John M. Robbins, Asher. Choate, Rufus. Irvin, William W. Dallas, George M.3 Robinson, John M. Claiborne, Nathaniel H. Isacks, Jacob C. Dickerson. Mahlon. Ruggles, Benjamin. Clay, Clement C. Jarvis, Leonard. Dudley, Charles E. Seymour, Horatio. Clayton, Augustine S. Jennifer, Daniel. Ellis, Powhattan. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Coke, Richard, Jr. Jewett, Freeborn C. Ewing, Thomas. Smith, Samuel. Collier, John A. Johnson. Cave. Foot, Samuel A. Spragne, Peleg. Condich, Lewis. Johnson, Charles C. Forsyth, John. Tazewell, Littleton W. Condit, Silas. Johnson, Joseph. 1 Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Tipton, John. 6 Connor, Henry W. Johnson, Richard K. Grundy. Felix. Tomlinson, Gideon. Cook, Bates. Kavanah, Edward. 11. inn a, Robert. 4 Troup, George M. Cook, Elutheros. Kendell, Joseph G. Hayne, Robert Y. Tyler, John. Cooper, Richard M. Kennon, William. Hendricks. William. Waggaman, George A.7 ( orwin, Thomas. Kerr, John L. Hill, Isaac. Webster, Daniel. Coulter, Richard. King, Adam. Holmes, John. White. Hugh L. Craig, Robert. King, Henry. Johnson, JosiahS. Wilkins. William. Crane, Joseph H. King, John. Kane, Elias K. Wright, Silas, Jr. 8 Crawford, Thomas H. Lamar, Henry G. King, William R. Creighton, William. Lansing, Gerrit Y. 1. Appointed in place of Powhattan, Ellis, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Robert Y. Hayne, resigned. Daniel, Henry. Leavitt, Humphrey H. Davenport, Thomas. Lecompte, Joseph. T Elected in place of S. D. Barnard, resigned. 4. Davis, John. Lent, James. TAT- ULAR KECORDS. Letcher, Robert P. Shepard, William 1, Lewis, Dixon H. Shepherd, A. 11. Lyon, Chittenden. Slade, William. Mann, Joel K. Smith, Samuel A. fomlinson. Gideon. White, Hugh L. Tyler, John. Wilkins, William. Waggaman, George A. Wright, Silas, Jr. Webster, Daniel. Mardi s. Samuel W. Soule, Nathan. 1. Elected in place of William Wilkins, resigned. Marshall, Thomas A. Southard. Isaac. 2. Elected in place of John Forsyth, resigned. Mason, John Y. Speight, Jesse. 3. Elected in place of Ezekiel F. Chambers, resigned. Maxwell, Lewis. Spence, John S. 4. Elected in place of William C. Rives, resigned. McCarty, Jonathan Stanberry, William. 5. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of McCoy, Robert. Standefer, James. \lexander Buckner. deceased. 6. Elected in place McCoy, William. Stephens, Philander. of Joseph S. Johnston, deceased. 7. Elected in place McDuffie, George. Stewart, Andrew. of Peleg Sprague, resigned. Mclntire, Rufus. Storrs, William L McKay, James. Sutherland, Joel B. REPRESENTATIVES. McKennon, Thomas M. Taylor, John W. Andri-w Stevenxon, Speaker. Mercer, Charles F. Thomas, Francis. Joint /?< / . Speaker.! Milligan, John J. Thomas, Philemon. Adams. John. Cramer, John. Mitchell, George E. Thompkins. Christopher. Adams, John Q. Crane, Joseph H. Mitchell, Thomas i . . Thompson, Wiley. Allen, Chilton. Crockett, David. Mnhlenberg, Henry A. Thompson John. Allen, Homan. Darlington, Edward. Nelson, Jeremiah. Tracey, Phineas L. Allen, John J. Davenport, Thomas. Neunan, Daniel. Vance, Joseph. Allen, William. Davis, Amos. Newton, Thomas. Verplauk, Guilian ( . \nthony, John B. Davis, John. Nuckolls, William T. Venton, Samuel F. Ishley, William H. Davis. Warren R. Patton, John M. Ward, Aaron. Yrcher, William S. Day, Roland. Pearce, Duttee J. Wardwell, Daniel. Barber, Noyes. Deberry, Edmond. Pendleton, Edmond i!. Washington, George C. Banks, John. Derning. Benjamin F. Pierson, Job. Watmough, John G. Barnetz, Charles A. Denny, Harmer. Pitcher, Nathaniel. Wayne, James M. Barringer, Daniel L. Dickerson, Philemon. Plummer, Franklin 1 .. Weeks, John W. Bates, Isaac C. Dickinson, David W. Polk, James K. Wheeler, Grattan, If. Baylies, William. Dicksou. John. Potts, David, Jr. White, Campbell P. Beal, James M. H. Dennis, Littleton P. Randolph, James T. White, Edward D. Bean, Benning M. Dunlap, William P. Read, Edward C. Whittlesey, Elisha. Beardsley, Samuel. Duncan, Joseph. Reed, John. Whittlesey, Frederick. Beatty. Martin. Ellsworth, William W. Rencher, Abraham. Wickliffe, Charles A. Beaumont, Andrew. Evans, George. Roane, John J. Wilde, Richard H. Bell, John. Everett, Edward. Root, Erastus. Wilkin, Samuel J. Binney, Horace. Everett, Horace. Russell, William. Williams, Lewis. Blair, James. Ewing, John. Semmes, Benedict J. Worthington, J. F. II. Blair, John. Felder, John M. Sewell, Charles S. 2 Young, Ebene/er. Bocker, Abraham. . Ferris, Charles (i.4 1. Elected in place of Philip Doddridge, deceased. Bodle, Charles. Fillmore. Millar 1. 2. Elected in place of George E. Mitchell, deceased. Boone, Ratliff. Foot, Samuel A. Bouldiu, James W. 2. Forrester, John 11. Territorial Delegates. Bouldin, Thomas W. Foster, Thomas F. Sevier, Ambrose H. Wing, Austin E. Briggs, George M. Fowler, Samuel. White, Joseph M. Brown, John W. Fuller. Philip ( . Bullard, Henry A. Fuller, William K. THE TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Bull, John. Fulton, John 11. SENATORS. Bunch, Samuel. Galbraith, John. Burd, George. Gamble, R. L. Martin Van Buren, Vice-President. Burgess, Tristam. Garland, Rice. 5 Bell, Samuel. Leigh, Benjamin W.4 Burns, Robert. Gholson, Joseph H. Benton, Thomas If. Linn, Lewis. 5 Bynum, Jesse A. Gillet, Ransom 1 1 . Bibb, George M. Mangum, Willie P. Cage, Henry. Gilmer, George K. Black, John. McKean, Samuel. Cambreleng, Churchill C. Gordon, William F. Brown, Bedford. Moore, Gabriel. Campbell. Robert B.3 Gorham, Benjamin. Buchanan, James. 1 Morris, Thomas. Carmichael, Richard B. Graham, James. Calhoun, John C. Naudain, Arnold. Carr, John. Grayson, William J. Chambers, Ezekiel F. Poindexter, George. Casey, Zadock. Grennell, George, Jr. Clay, Henry. Porter, Alexander. 6 Chambers, George. Griffin, John K. Clayton, John M. Prentiss, Samuel. Chaney, John. Hall, Heland. Cnthbert, Alfred.2 Preston, William C. Chilton, Thomas. Hall, Joseph. Ewing, Thomas. Robbins, Asher. Chinn, Joseph W. Hall, Thomas H. Forsyth, Alfred. Robinson, John M. Choate, Rufus. Halsey, Nicoll. Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Rives, William C. Claiborne, Nathaniel IL Hannegan, Edward A. Goldsborough, Robert II. 3 Haggles, John. 7 Clay, Clement C. Hard, Gideon. Grundy, Felix. Shepley. Ether. Clay, Augustine E. Hardin, Benjamin. Hendricks, William. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Clark, Samuel. Harmer, Thomas L. Hill, Isaac. Smith, Nathan. Clark, William. Harper, James. Kane, Elias K. Southard, Samuel L. Clowny, William K. Harper, Joseph M. Kent, Joseph. Sprague, Peleg. Coffee, John. Harrison, Samuel S. King, John P. Swift, Benjamin. Connor, Henry W. Hathaway, Samuel G-. King. William K. Tallmadge, Benjamin. Corwin, Thomas. Hawes, Albert G. Knight, Neherniah R. Tipton, John. Coulter, Richard. Hawkins, Micajah T. TABULAR RECORDS. xliii Hazeltine, Abner. Heath, James P. Heister, William. Henderson, Joseph. Howell, Edward. Hubbard, Henry. Huntington, Abel. Hnntington, Jabez W. Inge, William M. Jackson, Ebenezer.6. Jackson, William. Jarvis, Leonard. James, Henry F.7 Johnson, Cave. Johnson, Henry. 8 Johnson, Noadiah. Johnson, Richard M. Jones, Benjamin. Jones, Seaborn. Kavanagh. Edward. Kilgore, Daniel. 9 King, Henry. Kinuard, George L. Lane, Amos. Lansing, Gerrit Y. Laport. John. Page, Sherman. Parker, James. Parkes, Gorham. Patterson. William. Pat ton, John M. Pearce, Duttee J. Peyton, Balie. Phillips, Stephen C.16 Pickens, Francis W.17 Pierce, Franklin. Pierson, Job. Pinckney, Henry L. Plummer, Franklin E. Polk, James K. Pope, P. H. Potts, David, Jr. Ramsay, Robert. Reed, John. Reucher, Abraham. Reynolds. John. 18 Robertson. John.19. Schenck, Ferdinand S. Schley, William. Selden, Dudley. Shepard, William B. Shepherd, A. 11. Lawrence, Cornelius W. Shinn, William N. Lay, George W. Slade, Charles. Lea, Luke. Slade, William. Leavitt, Humphrey. Sloane, Jonathan. Lee, Thomas. Smith, Francis O. J. Letcher, Robert P. Spangler, David. Lewis, Dixon H. Spaight, Jessee. Lincoln, Levi.10 Standefer, James. Love, James. Steele, John N.20 Loyall, George. Stewart, Andrew. Lucas, Edward. Stoddart, John T. Lyon, Chittenden. Sutherland, Joel B. Lytle, Robert T.ll Taylor, William. Mann, Abijah, Jr. Taylor, William P. Mann, Joel K. Thomas. Francis. Manning, Richard J.12 Thomas. Philemon. Mardis, Samuel W. Thomson, John. Marshall, Thomas A. Tompkins, Christopher. Martiudale, Henry C. Trumbull, Joseph. 21 Mason, John J. Turner, James. Mason, Moses, Jr. Tun-ill, Joel. May, William L.13 Tweedy, Samuel. McCarty, Jonathan. Vance, Joseph. McComas, William. Vanderpoel. Aaron. McDuffie, George. Van Houten, Isaac R. Mclntire, Rufus. Venton, Samuel F. McKay, James J. Ward, Aaron. McKennon, T. M. T. Wardwell, Daniel. McKim, Isaac. W T agener, David D. McKinley, John. Watmough. John G. McLean, Jeremiah. Wayne, James M. McVean, Charles. Webster, Taylor. Mercer. Charles F. Whallou, Reuben. Miller, Jesse. White, Campbell P. Milligan, John J. White, Edward D. Miner. Phineas.14 Whittlesey, Elisha. Mitchell, Henry. Whittlesey, Frederick. Mitchell, Robert. Wilde, Richard Henry. Moore, Samuel McDowell. Williams, Lewis. Morgan, John J.15 Wilson, Edgar C. Muhlenberg, Henry A. Wise, Henry A. Murphy, John. Young, Ebenezer. Osgood, Gayton P. 1. Elected in place of Andrew Stevenson, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Thomas T. Bouldin, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Thomas D. Singleton, deceased. 4. Elected in place of Dudley Selden, resigned. 5. Elected in place of H. A. Bullard, resigned. 6. Elected in place of S. A. Foot, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Benjamin F. Deming, deceased. 8. Elected in place of Edward D. White, resigned. 9. Elected in place of Humphrey H. Leavitt, resigned. 10. Elected in place of John Davis, resigned. 11. Elected to fill vacancy caused by his own resignation. 12. Elected in place of James Blair, deceased. 13. Elected in place of Joseph Duncan, resigned. 14. Elected in place of Jabez Huntington, resigned. 15 Elected in place of Cornelius W. Lawrence, resigned. ICi. Elected in place of George McDuffie, resigned. 17. Elected in place of Rufus Choate, resigned. 18. Elected in place of Charles Slade, deceased. 19. Elected in place of Andrew Stevenson, resigned. 20. Elected in place of Littleton P. Dennis, deceased. 21. Elected in place of William W. Ellsworth, re signed. Territorial Delegates. Lyon, Lucius. White, Joseph M. Sevier, Ambrose H. THE TWENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. SENATOBS. Martin Van Buren, Vice- President. Bayard, Richard H.I Moore, Gabriel. Benton, Thomas H. Morris, Thomas. Black, John. Moulton, Alexander. 5 Brown, Bedford. Naudain, Arnold. Buchanan, James. Nicholas, Robert C.6 Calhoun, John C. Niles, John M.7 Clay, Henry. Norvell, John. Clayton, John M. Page, John. 8 Clayton, Thomas. 2 Parker, Richard E.9 Crittenden, John J. Porter, Alexander. Cuthbert, Alfred. Prentiss, Samuel. Dana, Judah.3 Preston, William C. Davis, John. Rives, William C.10 Ewing, Thomas. 4 Robbins, Asher P. Ewiug, William D. Robinson, John M. Fulton, William S. Ruggles, John. Goldsborough, Robert S. Sevier, Ambrose. Grundy, Felix. Shepley, Ether. Hendricks, William. Southard, Samuel. Hill, Isaac. Spence, John S.ll Hubbard, Henry. Strange, Robert. T2 Kane, Elias K. Swift, Benjamin. Kent, Joseph. Tallmadge, M. P. King, John P. Tipton, John. King, William R. Tomlinson, Gideon. Knight, Nehemiah R. Tyler, John. Leigli, Benjamin, W. Wall, Garrett. Linn, Louis F. Walker, Robert J. Lyon, Lucien. Webster, Daniel. Mangum, Willie P. Wilson, Hugh L. McKean, Samuel. Wright, Silas, Jr. 1. Elected in place of Arnold Naudain, resigned. 2. Elected in place of John M. Clayton, resigned. 3. Appointed in place of Ether Shepley, resigned. 4. Elected in place of E. K. Kane, deceased. 5. Elected in place of Alexander Porter, resigned. 6. Elected in place of C. E. A. Gayarre, who never took his seat. 7. Elected in place of Nathaniel Smith, deceased. 8. Elected in place of Isaac Hill resigned. 9. Elected in place of Benjamin W. Leigh, resigned. 10. Elected in place of John Tyler, resigned. 11. Elected in place of R. H. Goldsborough, deceased. 12. Elected in place of W. P. Mangum, resigned. Adams, John Q. Alford, Julius C.I Allan, Chilton. Allen, Heman. Anthony. Joseph B. REPRESENTATIVES. ime* A . Polk, Speaker. Ash, Michael W. Ashley, William H. Bailey, Jeremiah. Banks, John. Barton. Samuel. TABULAR RECORDS. Beale, James M. H. Bean, BenniDg M. Beardsley, Samuel. Beaumont, Andrew. Bell, John. Black. James. 2 Bocke, Abraham. Bond, William K. Boone, Ratlin . Bordt-n, Nathaniel B. Bovee. Matthias J. Bouldin, James W. Boyd, Linn. Briggs, George M. Brown, John W. Buchanan, Andrew. Bunch, Samuel. Burns, Robert. Bynum, Jesse A. Calhoun, John. Calhoun, William B. Cambreleng, C. C. Campbell, Robert B. Carr, John. Carter, William B. Casey. Zadock. Chambers, George. Chambers, John. Chaney, John. Chapin, G-. H. Chapman, Reuben. Chetwood, William. 3 Childs, Timothy. Claiborn, John F. H. Claiborne, Nathaniel H. Clark, William. Cleveland, Jesse F. Coffee, John. Coles, Walter. Connor, Henry W. Corwin, Thomas. Craig, Robert. Cramer, John. Crane, Joseph H. Crary, Isaac E. Gushing, Caleb. Cushman, Samuel. Darlington, Edward. Davis, John W. Dawson, William ( .4 Deberry, Edmond. Denny, Harmer. Dickerson, Philemon. Dickson, David. Doubleday, U. F. Dromgoole, George C. Dunlap, William C. Effner, Valentine. Elmore, Franklin H.5 Evans, George. Everett, Horace. Fairfield, John. Farlin, Dudley. Forester, John B. Fowler, Samuel. French, Richard. Fry, Jacob, Jr. Fuller, Philo C. Fuller, William K. Galbraith, John. Garland, James. Garland, Rice. G hoi son, Samuel J,6 Gilet, Ransom H. Glascock, Thomas. Graham, James. Granger, Francis. Grantland, Seaton. Graves, William J. Grayson, William J. Grenell, George Jr. Griffin, John K. Haleg, Elisha. Hall, Hiland. Hall, Joseph. Harner, Thomas L. Hammons, James H. Hannegan, Edward A. Hard, Gideon. Hardin, Benjamin. Harlan, James. Harper, James. Harrison, Albert S. Harrison, Samuel S. Hawes, Albert G. Hawkins, Micajah S. Haynes, Charles E. Hazeltine, Abner. Heister, William. Henderson, Joseph. Herod, William. Hoar. Samuel. Holsey, Hopkins. Holt, Orrin. Hopkins, George W. Howard, Benjamin C. Ho well, Elias. Hubley, Edward B. Hunt, Hiram P. Huntington, Abel. Huntsman, Adam. Ingersoll, Joseph K. Ingham, Samuel. Jackson, Jabez. Jackson, William. Jarvis, Leonard. .lanes, Henry T. Jennifer, Daniel. Johnson, Cave. Johnson, Henry. Johnson, Joseph. Johnson, Richard M. Jones, Benjamin. Jones, John W. Judson, Andrew T. Kennon, William. Kilgore. Daniel. Kinnard, George L. Klingensmith, John. Lane, Amos. Lansing, Gerrit Y. Laporte, John. Lawler, Joab. Lawrence, Abbott. Lay, George W. Lea, Luke. Lee, Gideon. Lee, Joshua. Lee, Thomas. Leonard, Stephen B. Lewis, Dixon H. Lincoln, Levi. Logan, Henry. Love, Thomas C. Loyall, George. Lucas, Edward, Jr. Lyon, Francis S. Mann, Abijah, Jr. Mann, Job. Manning, Richard J. Martin, Joshua L. Mason, John Y. Mason, Moses, Jr. Mason, Sampson. Mason, William. Maury, Abraham P. May, William L. McCarty, Jonathan. McComas, William. McKay, James J. McKeou, John. McKennon, T. M. T. McKim, Isaac. McLene, Jeremiah. Mercer, Charles F. Miller, Jesse. Miller, Rutger R7 Milligan, John J. Montgomery, William. Moore, Eli. Morgan, William S. Morris, Mathias. Muhlenberg, Henry A. Owens, George W. Page, Sherman. Parker, James. Parks, Gorham. Patterson, William. Patton, John M. Pearce, DntteeJ. Pearce, James A. Pettigrew, Ebenezer. Peyton, Bailey. Phelps, Lancelot. Phillips, Stephen C. Pickens, Francis W. Pierce, Franklin. Pierson, John J.8 Pinckney, Henry L. Potts, David, Jr. Reed, John. Rencher, Abraham. Reynolds, John. Reynolds, Joseph. Richardson, John P. 9 Ripley, Eleazar. Roane, John. Robertson, John. Rogers, James. Russell, David. Schenck, Ferdinand S. Seymour, William. Shepard, William B. Shepherd, A. H. Shields, Ebenezer J. Shinn, William N. Sickles, Nicholas. Slade, William. Sloane, Jonathan. Smith, Francis O. J. Spangler, David. Speight, Jesse. Sprague, William, Jr. Standifer, James. Steele, John N. Storer, Bellamy. Sutherland, Joel B. Talliaferro, John. Taylor, William. Thomas, Francis. Thompson, John. Thompson, Waddy, Jr. Toucey, Isaac. Town, George W. B. Turrill, Joel. Turner, James. Underwood, J. R. Vanderpoel, Aaron. Vinton, Samuel F. Wagener, David C. Ward, Aaron. Wardwell, Daniel. Washington, G. C. Webster, Taylor. W T eeks, Joseph. White, John. Whittlesey, Elisha. Whittlesey, Thomas T.10 Wildman, Zalmon. Williams, Sherrod. Williams, Lewis. Wise, Henry A. Yell, Archibald. Young, John. 11 1. Elected in place of G. W. B. Towns, resigned- 2. Elected in place of Jesse Miller, resigned. 3- Elected in place of Philemon Dickerson, resigned- 4. Elected in place of John Coffee, deceased. 5- Elected in place of J. H. Hammond, resigned. 6- Elected in place of David Dickson, deceased. 7. Elected in place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. 8. Elected in place of John Banks, resigned. 9. Elected in place of Richard J. Manning, deceased. 10. Elected in place of Zalmon Wildman, deceased. 11. Elected in place of Philo C. Fuller, resigned. Territorial Delegates. Jones, George W. White, Joseph M. THE TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Richard M. Allen, William. Bayard, Richard H. Benton, Thomas H. Black, John. Brown, Bedford. Buchanan, James. Calhoun, John C. Clay, Clement C. Clay, Henry. Clayton, Thomas. SENATORS. Johnson, Vice-President. Crittenden, John. Cuthbert, Alfred. Davis, John. Foster, Ephraim H.I Fulton, William S. Grundy, Felix. Hubbard, Henry. Kent, Joseph. King, John P. King, William R. TABULAR RECORDS. Knight, Nehemiah R. Ruggles, John. Hall, Hiland. Owens, George W. Linn, Louis F. Sevier, Ambrose H. Halstead, William. Palmer, John. Lumpkin, Wilson.2 Smith, Oliver H. Hamer, Thomas M. Parmenter, William. Lyon, Lucius. Smith, Perry. Hammond, Robert H. Parker, Amasa J. McKean, Samuel. Southard, Samuel L. Harlan, Joseph. Parris, Virgil D.9 Merrick, William D.3 Spence, John S. Harper, Alexander. Patterson, William. Morris, Thomas. Strange, Robert. Harrison, Albert G. Patton, John M. Mouton, Alexander. Swift, Benjamin. Hastings, William S. Paynter, Lemuel. Nicholas, Robert C. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. Hawes, Richard. Pearce, James A. Niles, John M. Tipton, John. Hawkins, Micajah T. Peck, Luther C. Norvell, John. Trotter, James F.5 Haynes, Charles E. Pennybacker, I. S. Parker, Richard E. Walker, Robert J. Henry, Thomas. Petrikin, David. Pierce, Franklin. Wall, Garret D. Herod, William. Phelps, Launcelot. Prentiss. Samuel. Webster, Daniel. Hoffman, Ogden. Phillips, Stephen C. Preston, William C. White, Hugh Lawson. Holsey, Hopkins. Pickens, Francis W. Rives, William C. Williams, Renel. Holt, Orrin. Plummer, Arnold. Roane, William H.4 Williams, Thomas H.6 Hopkins, George W. Pope, John. Robbins, Asher. Wright, Silas, Jr. Howard, Benjamin C. Potter, William W. Robinson, John M. Young, Richard M. Hubley, Edward. Potts, David. 1. Appointed in place of Felix Grundy, resigned. Hunter, Robert M. Pratt, Zadock. 2. Elected in place of John P. King, resigned. Hunter, William II. Prentiss, John H.10 3. Elected in place of Joseph Kent, deceased. 4. Ingham, Samuel. Prentiss, Sergeant S. Elected in place of Richard E. Parker, resigned. Jackson, Jabez. Putnam, Tfarvey.ll 5. Elected in place of John Black, resigned. 6. Jackson, Thomas B. Randolph, Joseph F. Elected in place of James F. Trotter, resigned. Jennifer, Daniel. Rariden, James. REPRESENTATIVES. Johnson, Henry. Reed, John. James K. Polk, Speaker. Johnson, Joseph. Johnson, William C. Reiley, Luther. Rencher, Abraham. Adams, John Q. Corwin, Thomas. Jones, John M. Rhett, Robert B. Alexander, James. Crabb, George \V. Jones, Nathaniel. Richardson, John P. Allen, Heman. Craig, Robert. Keim, George M.6 Ridgway, James. Allen, John W. Cranston, Robert B. Kemble, Gouverneur. Ripley, Eleazer. Anderson, Hugh J. Crary, Isaac E. Kennedy, John P.7 Rives, Francis E. Andrews, John F. Crockett, John W. Kilgore, Daniel. Robertson, John. Atherton, Charles G. Cushing, Caleb. Klingensmith, John. Robinson, Ed ward. 12 Aycrigg, John B. Cushman, Samuel. Lawler, Joab. Rumsey, Edward. Banks, Liun.l Curtis, Edward. Leadbetter, Daniel. Russell, David. Beatty, William B. Darlington, Edward. Legare, Hugh S. Saltonstall, Leverett. 13 Beers, Cyrus. 2 Davee, Thomas. Lewis. Dixon H. Sawyer, Samuel T. Beirne, Andrew. Davies, Edward. Lincoln, Levi. Sergeant, John. Bell, John. Dawson, William C. Logan, Henry. Sheffer, Daniel. Bicknell, Bennett. Deberry, Edmund. Loomis, Andrew W. Shepard, Charles B. Biddle, Richard. De Graff, John J. Loomis, Arpaxad. Shepperd, Augustus H. Birdsall, Samuel. Dennis, John H. Lyon, Francis S. Shepler, Mathias. Bond, William K. Dromgoole, George C. Mallory, Francis. Shields, Ebenezer. Boone, Ratliff. Duncan, Alexander. Martin, Joshua L. Sibley, Mark H. Borden, Nathaniel B. Dunn, George H. Marvin, Richard P. Slade, William. Bouldin, James W. Edwards, John. Mason, James M. Smith, F. O. J. Briggs, George N. Elmore, Franklin H. Mason, Sampson. Snyder, Adam. Broadhead, John C. Evans, George. Maury, Abraham P. Southgate, William W. Bronson, Isaac H. Everett, Horace. Maxwell, J. P. B. Spencer, James B. Bruyn, Andrew D. W. Ewing, John. May, William L. Stanley, Edward. Buchanan, Andrew. Fairfield, John. McClure, Charles. Stone, William. Bynum, Jesse A. Farrington, James. McKay, James J. Stratton, Charles C. Calhoun, John C. Fillmore, Millard. McKennon, T. M. T. Stuart, Archibald. Calhoun, William. Fletcher, Isaac. McKim, Isaac. Swearingen, Henry. 14. Cambreleng, C. C. Fletcher, Richard. McLellan. Abraham. Taliaferro, John. Campbell, John. Foster, Henry A. McLellan, Robert. Taylor, William. Campbell, William B. Fry, Jacob, Jr. Mercer, Charles F. Thomas, Francis. Carter, Timothy J. Gallup, Albert. Menefee, Richard H. Thompson, W., Jr. Carter, William B. Garland, James. Miller, John. Tillinghast, Joseph L. Casey, Zadock. Garland, Rice. Milligan, John J. Titus, Obadiah. Chambers, John. Gholson, Samuel. Mitchell, Charles F. Toland, George W. Chapman, Reuben. 3 Giddings, Joshua. 5 Montgomery, William. Toucey, Isaac. Chaney, John. Glascock, Thomas. Moore, Ely. Towns, George W. B. Cheatham, Richard. Goode, Patrick G. Morgan, William T. Turney, Hopkins L. Childs, Timothy. Graham, James. Morris, Calvary. Underwood, J. R. Cilley, Jonathan. Graham, William. Morris, Mathias. Vail, Henry. Claiborne, J. T. H. Grant, Abraham P. Morris, Samuel W. Vanderveer, Abraham. Clark, John C. Grantland, Seaton. Muhlenbergh, Henry. Wagener, David D. Cleveland, Jesse F. Graves, William J. Murray, John L. Ward, Thomas J.15 Clowuey, William K. Gray, Hiram. Naylor, Charles.8 Weeks, Joseph. Coffin, Charles D.4 Grennell, George, Jr. Noble, William H. Webster, Taylor. Coles, Walter. Griffin, John K. Noyes, John C. White, Albert S. Connor, Henry W. Haley, Elisha. Ogle, Charles. White, John. xlvi TABULAR RECORDS. Wliittlesey, Elisha. Williams, Sherrod. Anderson, Hugh J. Fillmore, Mi Hard. Whittlesev, Thomas T. Wise, Henry A. Anderson, Simeon H. Fine, John. Williams/ Christopher. Worthington, J. F. H. Williams, .Tared. Yell, Archibald. Andrews, Landafl W. Atherton, Charles G. Fisher, Charles. Fletcher, Isaac. Williams, Joseph L. York, Thomas J. Baker, Osman.l Floyd, John D. Williams, Lewis. Banks, Linn. Fornance, Joseph. 1. Elected in place of John M. Patton, resigned. 2. Elected in place of A. D. W. Bruyn, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Joab Lawler, deceased. 4. Elected in place of A. W. Loomis, resigned. 5. Elected in place of E. Whittlesey, resigned. 6. Elected in place of H. A. Muhlenberg. resigned. 7. Elected in place of Isaac McKim, deceased. 8. Elected in place of F. J. Harker, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Timothy J. Carter, deceased. 10. Elected in place of J. F. H. Claiborne, whose seat was declared vacant. 11. Elected in place of William Patterson, deceased. 12. Elected in place of Jonathan Cilley, deceased. 13. Elected in place of Stephen C. Phillips, resigned. 14. Elected in place of Daniel Kilgore, resigned. 15. Elected in place of S. J. Gholson, whose seat was declared vacant. Barnard, Daniel D. Galbraith, John. Beatty, William. Garland, James. Beirm, Andrew. Garland, Rice. Bell. John. Gates, Seth M. Biddle, Richard. . Gentry, Meredith P. Black, Edward J. Gerry, James. Blackwell, Julius W. Giddings, Joshua R. Boardman, William W.2 Goggin, William L. Bond, William R. Goode, Patrick G. Botts, John M. Graham, Joseph. Boyd, Linn. Graves, William J. Breckenridge, Henry M.3 Green, Willis. Brewster, David P. Griffin, John K. Briggs, George N. Grinnell, Moses H. Brockway, John H. Granger, Francis P. Brown. Aaron V. Habersham, Richard W. Territorial Delegates. Chapman, William W. Downing, Charles. Brown, Albert G-. Brown, Anson. Burke Edmond. Hall, Hiland. Hand, Augustus C. Hammond, Robert H. Doty, James Duane.l Jones, George W. Butler, Sampson H. Hastings, John. 1. Successfully contested the election of George W. Butler, William 0. Hastings, William S. Jones. Bynum, Jesse A. Hawes, Richard. THE TWENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Calhoun, William li. Hawkins, Micajah T. Campbell. John. Henry, Thomas. SENATORS. Campbell, William B. Hill. John. Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President. Carr, John. Hill, John. Allen, William. Mouton, Alexander. Carroll, James. Hillen, Solomon. Anderson, Alexander. 1 Nichols, Robert C. Carter, William B. Hoffman, Ogdeu. Bates, Isaac C.2 Nicholson, A. O. P. 8 Casey, Zadoc. Holleman, Joel. Bayard, Richard H. Norvell, John. Chapman, Reuben. Holmes, Isaac E. Benton, Thomas H. Pierce, Franklin. Chinn, Thomas W. Hooks, Enos. Betts, Thaddeus. Phelps, Samuel P. Chittenden, Thomas C. Holt, Hines.5 Brown, Bedford. Porter, Augustus S. ( lark, John C. Hopkins, George W. Buchanan, James. Prentiss, Samuel. Clifford, Nathan. Howard, Tilghman A Calhoun, John C. Preston, William C. Coles, Walter. Hubbard, David. Choate, Rufus.3 Rives, William R. Colquett, Walter T. Hunt, Hiram P. Clay, Clement C. Roane, William. Cooper, James. Jackson, Thomas B. Clay, Henry. Robinson, John M. Cooper, Mark A. James, Francis. Clayton, Thomas. Ruggles, John. Cooper, William R. Jameson, John. Crittenden, John. Sevier, Ambrose. Corwin, Thomas. Jennifer, Daniel. Cuthbert, Alfred. Smith, Oliver H. Crabb, George W. Johnson, Cave Davis, John. Smith, Perry. Craig, Robert. Johnson, Charles. Dixon, Nathan F. Southard. Samuel L. Cranston, Robert B. Johnson, Joseph. Fulton, William S. Spence, John S. Crary, Isaac E. Johnson, William C. Graham, William A. 4 Strange, Robert. Crockett, John W. Jones, John W. Grundy, Felix. Sturgeon, Daniel. Cross, Edward. Jones, Nathaniel. Henderson, John. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. Curtis, Edward. Keim, George M. Hubbard, Henry. Tappan, Benjamin. Cushing, Caleb. Kemble, Gouverneur. Huntington, Jabez W.5 Walker, Robert J. Dana, Amasa. Kempshall, Thomas. Kerr, John L.6 Wall, George D. Davies, Edward. Kille, Joseph. King, William R. Webster, Daniel. Davis, Garrett. King, Thomas B. Knight, Nehomiah R. White, Albert S. Davis, John. Lane, Henry S.6 Lumpkin, Wilson. White, Hugh L. Davis, John W. Lawrence, Abbott. Linn, Louis F. Williams, Reuel. Davis, Thomas. Leadbetter, Daniel P. Mangum, Willie P.7 Wright, Silas, Jr. Dawson, William C. Leet, Isaac. Merrick, William D. Young, Richard M. Deberry, Edmond. Leonard, Stephen B. 1 Elected in place of H. L. White, resigned. 2. Dennis, John. Lewis, Dixon H. Elected in place of John Davis, resigned. 3. Elected Dickerson, Philemon. Lincoln, Levi. in place of Daniel Webster, resigned. 4. Elected Dellett, James. Lowell, Joshua A. in place of Robert Strange, resigned. 5. Elected in Doan, William. Lucas, William. place of Thaddeus Betts, deceased. 6. Elected in Doe, Nicholas B.4 Mallory, Francis. 7 place of John S. Spence, deceased. 7. Elected in Doig, Andrew W. Mallory, Meredith. place of Bedford Brown, resigned. 8. Appointed in Dromgoole, George C. Marchand, Albert G. place of Felix Grundy, deceased. Earle, Nehemiah H. Marvin, Richard P. REPRESENTATIVES. Eastman, Joseph A. Mason, Sampson. E. M. T. Hunter, Speaker. Edwards, John. Ely, John. McCarty, William M.8 McClellan, Abraham. Adams, John Q. Allen, Judson. Evans, George. McClure, Charles.9 Alford, Julius C. Allen, John W. Everett, Horace. McCullough, George. 10 A B U L A R RE (J O R D S . xlvii McKay, James. Simonton, William. Ben ton, Thomas H. Miller, Jacob W. Medill, William. Slade, William. Berrian, JohniMcPherson.Mouton, Alexander. Mercer, Charles F. Smith, Albert. Buchanan, James. Nicholson, A. O. P. Miller, John. Smith, John. Calhoun, John C. Phelps, Samuel S. Mitchell, Charles F. Smith, Thomas. Choate, Rufus. Pierce, Franklin. Montanya, J. DeLa. Smith, Truman. Clay, Clement C. Porter, Augustus S. Monroe, James, Stanley, Edward. Clay, Henry. Prentiss, Samuel. Montgomery, William. Starkweather, David A. Clayton, Thomas. Preston, William C. Moore, John. 12 Steenrod, Lewis. Conrad, Charles M.2 Rives, William C. Morgan, Christopher. Storrs, William L. Crafts, Samuel C.3 Sevier, Ambrose. Morris, Calvary. Strong, Theron R. Crittenden, John J.4 Simmons, James F. Morris, Samuel W. Stuart, John T. Cuthbert, Alfred. Smith, Oliver H. Morrow, J.ll Sumter, Thomas D. Dayton, William L.5 Smith, Perry. Naylor, Charles. Swearingen, Henry. Dixon, Nathan F. Southard, Samuel L. Newhard, Peter. Sweeney, George. Evans, George. Sprague, William. 7 Nisbet, EugeniusA. Taliaferro, John. Fulton, William S. Sturgeon, Daniel. Ogle, Charles. Taylor, Jonathan. Graham, William A. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. Osborne, Thomas B. Thomas, Francis. Henderson, John. Tappan, Benjamin. Paten, Rufus. Thomas, Philip F. Huntington, Jabez W. Walker, Robert J. Parinenter, William. Thompson, Jacob. Kerr, John L. White, Albert S. Parr is Virgil D. Thompson, John B.13. King, William R. Williams, Reuel. Fairish, Isaac. Thompson, W., Jr. Linn, Louis F. Wilcox, Leonard. 8 Pavnter, Lemuel. Tillinghast, Joseph L. Mangum, Willie P. Woodbridge, William. Peck, Luther C. Toland, George W. Marchand, James T. Woodbury, Levi. Petrikin, David. Triplett, Philip. McDuffie, George. 6 Wright, Silas. Pickens. Francis W. Trumbull, Joseph. McRoberts, Samuel. Young, Richard M. Pope, John. Turney, Hopkins L. Merrick, William D. Prentiss, John H. Underwood, James. Proffit, George H. Vanderpoel, Aaron. 1. Elected in place of C. C. Clay, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Alexander Mouton, resigned. 3. Ap Ramsey, William S. Vroom, Peter D. Randall, Benjamin. Wagener, David D. Randolph, John F. Wagner, Peter J. pointed in place of S. Prentiss, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Henry Clay, resigned. 5. Elected in place of S. L. Southard, deceased. 6. Elected in place of Rariden, James. Warren, Lot. Rayner, Kenneth. Watterson, Harvey M. W. C. Preston, resigned. 7. Elected in place of N. F. Dixon, deceased. 8. Elected in place of Franklin Reed, John. Weller, John B. Pierce, resigned. Reynolds, John. White, Edward D. Rhett, R. Barn well. White, John. REPBESENTATIVES. Ridgway, Joseph. Williams, Christ. H. John White, Speaker. Rives, Francis L. Williams, Henry. Adams, John Q. Butler, William. Robinson, Thomas Jr. Williams, Jared. Alford, Julius C. Butler, William O. Rogers, Edward. Williams, Joseph L. Allen, Elisha H. Caldwell, Green W. Rogers, James. Williams, Lewis. Andrews, Landaff W. Caldwell, Patrick L. Russell, David. Williams, Sherrod. Andrews, Sherlock J. Calhoun, William B. Ryall, Daniel B. Williams, Thomas W. Appleton, Nathan. 1 Campbell, John. Saltonstall, Leverett. Wick, William W. Arnold, Thomas J. Campbell, Thomas J. Samuel, Green B. Winthrop, Robert C.I 4 Arrington, Archibald H. Campbell, William B. Sergeant, John. Wise, Henry A. Atherton, Charles G. Caruthers, Robert L. SJiuw, Tristam. Worthington, J. T. H. Aycrigg, John B. Gary, George B. SJaepard, Charles. Babcock, Alfred. Casey, Zadoc. 1. Elected in place of J. C. Alvord, who never Baker, Osman. Chapman, Reuben. took his seat. 2. Elected in place of William L. Banks, Linn. Childs, Timothy. Storrs, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Richard Barnard, Daniel D. Chittenden, Thomas C. Biddle, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Anson Barton, Richard W. Clark, John L. Brown, deceased. 5. Elected in place of W. T. Beeson, Henry W. Clark, Staley N. Oolquitt, resigned. 6. Elected in place of F. H. Bidlack, Benjamin A. Clifford, Nathan. Howard, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Joel Birdseye, Victory. Clinton, James G. Holman, resigned. 8. Elected in place of C. F. Black, Edward J. Coles, Walter. Mercer, resigned. 9. Elected in place of W. S. Black, Henry. 2 Colquitt, Walter T. Ramsey, deceased. 10. Elected in place of W. W. Blair, Barnard. Cooper, James. Potter, deceased. 11. Elected in place of Thomas Boardman, William W. Cooper, Mark. Corwin, resigned. 12. Elected in place of R. Gar Borden, Nathaniel B. Cowen, Benjamin S. land, resigned. 13. Elected in place of S. H. Ander Botts, John M. Cranston, Robert B. son, deceased. 14. Elected in place of A. Lawrence, Boyd, Linn. Cross, Edward. resigned. Brewster, David P. Cravens, John H. Territorial Delegates. Chapman, W. W. Downing, Charles. Briggs, George N. Crawford, George W.4 Brockway, John H. Gushing, Caleb. Bronson, David. 3 Daniel, J. R. J. Doty, James D. Brown, Aaron V. Davis, Garrett. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Brown, Charles. Davis, Richard D. Brown, Jeremiah. Dawson, John B. SENATORS. Brown, Milton. Dawson, William C. John Tyler Vice-President. Brown, Samuel S. Dean, Ezra. Allen, William. Barrow, Alexander. Burke, Edmund. Deberry, Edmund. Archer, William S. Bates, Isaac L. Burnell, Barker. Dimock, Davis, Jr. Bugby, Arthur P.I Bayard. Richard H. Butler, Sampson H. Doan, William, xlviii TABULAR RE CORDS. Doig, Andrew W. Eastman, Ira A. Edwards. John. Edwards, John C. Egbert, Joseph. Everett, Horace. Ferris, Charles G. F*essenden, William. Fillmore, Millavd. Floyd, Charles A. Floyd, James G. Foster, A. Lawrence. Mattocks, John. Maxwell, J. R. B- Maynard, John. McClellan, Abraham. McClellan, Robert. McKav, James J. McKermon, T. M. T. McKeon, John. Medill, William. Meri wether, Joseph A. Miller, John. Mitchell, Anderson. 7 Tillinghast, John L. Weller, John B. Toland, George W. Westbrook, John. Tomlinson, Thomas A. White, Edward D. Triplett, Philip. White. Joseph L. Trotts, S. W.ll Williams, Christ. H. Trumbull, John. Williams, Joseph L. Turney, Hopkins L. Williams, Joseph W. Underwood, Joseph. Williams, Lewis. Van Buren, John. Williams, Thomas W. Van Rensselaer, Henry. Winthrop, Robert C. 12 Wallace, David. Wise, Henry A. Ward, Aaron. Wood. Fernando. Foster! Thomas F. Fornence, Joseph. Gamble, Roger L. Moore, John. Morgan, Christopher. Morris, Calvary. Warren, Lot. Young, Augustus. Washington, William H. Young, John. Watterson, Harvey M. Yorke, Thomas J. Gates, Seth M. Morrow, Jeremiah. 1. Elected in place of R. C. Winthrop, resigned. Gentry, Meredith P. Newhard, Peter. 2. Elected in place of Charles Ogle, deceased. 3. Gerry, James. Nisbet, Eugenius A. Elected in place of George Evans, elected Senator. Giddings, Joshua R. Oliver, William M. 4. Elected in place of R. W. Habersham, deceased. Gilmer, Thomas W. Osborue, Thomas B. 5. Elected in place of John Greig, resigned. (i. Goggin, William L. Owsley, Bryan Y. Elected in place of John Sergeant, resigned. 7. Elected Goode, Patrick G. Parmenter, William. in place of Lewis Williams, deceased 8. Elected in Goode, William O. Patridge, Samuel. place of D. Dimock, deceased. 9. Elected in place Gordon, Samuel. Payne, William W. of Joseph Lawrence, deceased. 10. Successfully con Graham, James. Pearce, James A. tested the seat of Linn Banks. 11. Elected in Granger, Francis. 5 Pendletou, Nathaniel G. place of S. H. Butler, resigned. 12. Appointed and Green, Willis. Pickens, Francis W. subsequently elected in place of N. Appleton, resigned. Greig, John. Gustine, Amos. Plummer, Arnold. Pope, John. Territorial Delegates. Gwin, William M. Powell, Cuthbert. Dodge, Augustus C. Levy, David. Habersham, Richard W. Proffit, George 1 1. Dodge. Henry. Hall Hiland. Randall, Alexander. Halstead, William. Randall, Benjamin. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Harris, William A. Randolph, Joseph F. SENATORS. Hastings, John. Ramsey, Robert. Willie P. Mangum, President Pro Tcm.l Hastings, Willu.m S. Hays, Samuel L. Henry, Thomas. Holmes, Isanc E. Hopkins, George W. Rayner, Kenneth. Read, Almon H.8 Reding, John R. Rencher, Abraham. Reynolds, John. Allen, William. Huger, Daniel E.9 Archer, William S. Huntington, Jabez W. Ashley, Chester. 2 Jarnagan, Spencer. Atchison, David R.3 Johnson, Henry. 10 Atherton, Charles G. King, William R. Houck, Jacob, Jr. Houston, Gecrge S. Howard, Jacob M. Hubard, Edmund W. Hudson, Charles. Hunt, Hiram P. Hunt, R. M. T. Ingersoll, Charles J. Ingersoll, John R.G Irvin, James. Irwin, William W. Jack, William. James, Francis. Johnson, Cave. Johnson, William C. Jones, Isaac D. Jones, John W. Keirn, George M. Kennedy, Andrew. Kennedy, John P. King, Thomas B. Lane, Henry S. Lawrence, Joseph. Lewis, Dixon H. Linn, Archibald L. Rhett, R. B. Ridgway, Joseph. Riggs, Lewis. Rodney, George B. Rogers, James. Roosevelt, James J. Russell, Joseph M.9 Russell, William. Saltonstall, Leverett. Sanford, John.; Sanders, Romulus M. Sergeant, John. Shaw, Tristam. Shepherd, Augustus If. Shields, Benjamin D. Simonton, William. Slade, William. Smith, Truman. Smith, William. 10 Snyder, John. Sollers, Augustus R. Sprigg, James C. Stanley. Edward. Steinrod, Lewis. Stokely, Samuel. Bagby, Arthur C. Lewis, Dixon H.ll Barrow, Alexander. McDuffie, George. Bates, Isaac C. Merrick, William D. Bayard, Richard H. Miller, Jacob W. Benton, Thomas H. Moorehead, John F. Berrian, John McPherson. Niles, John M. Breese, Sidney. Pearce, James A. Buchanan, James. Phelps, Samuel A. Choate, Rufus. Porter, Alexander. Clayton, Thomas. Porter, Augustus S. Colquitt, Walter F. Rives, William C. Crittenden, John J. Semple, James. 12 Dayton, William L. Sevier, Ambrose H. Dickinson, Daniel S.4 Simmons, James F. Dix, John A. 5 Sprague, William. Evans, George. Sturgeon, Daniel. Fairfield, John.6 Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. Foster, Ephraim H. Tappan, Benjamin. Foster, Henry A.7 Upham, William. Francis, John B.8 Walker, Robert J. Fulton, William S. White, Albert S. Hannegan, Edward A. Woodbridge, William. Haywood, William H. Woodbury, Levi. Henderson. John. Wright, Silas. Littlefield, Nathaniel S. Stratton, Charles C. 1. Vice -President in place of John Tyler, who Lowell, Joshua A. Stuart, A. H. H. became President. 2. Elected in place of W. S. Mallory, Francis. Stuart, John T. Fulton, deceased. 3. Appointed, and subsequently Marchand, Albert G. Summers, George W. elected, in place of Louis F. Linn, deceased. 4. Marshall, Alfred. Sumter, Thomas D. Appointed, and subsequently elected, in place of N. Marshall, Thomas F. Sweeney, George. P. Tallmadge, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Mason, John T. Talliaferro, John. Silas Wright, Jr. , resigned. 6. Elected in place of Mason, Sampson. Thompson, Jacob. Reuel Williams, resigned. 7. Appointed in place of Muthews, James. Thompson, John B. Silas Wright, Jr., resigned. 8. Elected in place of Mathiot. Joshua. Thompson, Richard W. William Spraeue, resigned. 9. Elected in place of TABULAR RECORDS. xlix J. C. Calhoun, resigned. 10. Elected in place of McClellan, Robert. Severance, Luther. Alexander Porter, deceased. 11. Appointed, and McClernan, John A. Seymour, David L. subsequently elected, in place of W. R. King, re McConnell, Felix G. Seymour, Thomas H. signed. 12. Appointed, and subsequently elected, McDowell, Joseph J. Simons, Samuel. in place of S. Me. Roberts, deceased. Mcllvaine, A. R. Simpson, Richard. REPRESENTATIVES. McKay, James J. Slidell, John. Miller, John. Smith, Alfred. John W. Jones, Speaker. Moore, Heman A.8 Smith, Caleb B. Abbott, Amos. Douglass, Stephen A. Adams, John Q. Dromgoole, George C. Anderson, Joseph H. Duncan, Alexander. Arrington, A. H. Dunlap, Robert P. Ashe, John B. Ellis, Chessenden. Morris, Ed. Joy. Smith, John T. Morris, Joseph. Smith, Robert. Morse, Freeman H. Smith, Thomas. Morse, Isaac E. Spence. Thomas A. Moseley, William A. Steenrod, Lewis. Atkinson, Archibald. Elmer, LuciusQ. C. Baker, Osmyn. Farlis, Israel T. Barnard, Daniel D. Ficklin, Orlando B. Murphy, Henry C. Stewart, Andrew. Nes, Henry. Stewart, John. Newston, Willoughby. Stetson, Lemuel. Barringer, Daniel M. Fish, Hamilton. Bayly, Thomas H.I Florence, Elias, Beardsley, Samuel. Foster, Henry D. Belser, James E. Foot, Solomon. Benton, Charles S. French, Richard. Norris. Moses, Jr. Stevens, A. H. Owen, Robert Dale. Stiles, William H. Parmenter, William. St. John, Henry. Patterson, Thomas J. Stone, Alfred P. 10 Payne, William W. Stone, Joseph W. Bidlack, Benjamin A. Frick, Henry. Black, Edward J. Fuller, George.5 Black, James. Giddings, Joshua R. Black, James A. Gilmer, Thomas W. Blackwell, Julius W. Goggin William M.6 Bossier, Peter E. Green, Byram. Bower, Gustavus M. Green, Willis. Pettis, John. Strong, Selah B. Peyton, Joseph H. Summers, George W. Phoenix. J. Phillips. Sykes, George. Pollack, James. 9 Tavlor, Asher. Potter, Elisha R. Taylor, William. Potter, Emery D. Thomasson, William P. Pratt, Zadoc. Thompson, Jacob. Bowlin, James B. Grider, Henry. Preston, Jacob A. Tibbatts, John W. Boyd, Linn. Grinnell, Joseph. Brengle, Francis. Hale, John P. Brinkerhoft , Henry R. Hamlin, Edward 8.7 Brinkerhoff, J. Hamlin, Hannibal. Purdy, Smith M. Tilden. Daniel 1*. Ramsey, Alexander. Tucker, Tilghman M. Rathbun, George. Vance, Joseph. Raynor. Renneth. Vanmeter, John J. Brodhead, Richard. Hammett, William H. Brown, Aaron V. Haralson, Hugh A. Brown, Jeremiah. Hardin, John J. Read, Almon H. Vinton, Samuel F. Reed, Charles M. Weller, John B. Reeding, John R. Wentworth, John. Brown, Milton. Harper, Alexander. Brown, William J. Hays, Alexander. Reid, David S. Wetheral, John. Relf, Joseph H. Wheaton, Horace. Buffinger, Joseph. Henly, Thomas J. Burke. Edmund. Herrick. Joshua. Rhett, R. B. White, Benjamin. Ritter, John. White, John. Burt, Armistead. Hoge, Joseph P. Caldwell, George A. Holmes, Isaac E. Campbell, John. Hopkins, George W. Oarey, Jeremiah E. Houston, George S. Carey, Shepard. Hubard, E. W. Carpenter, Levi D.2 Hubbell, William S. Carroll, Charles H. Hudson, Charles. Catlin, George H. Hughes, Joseph M. Causin, J. M. S. Hungerford, Orville. Chapman, Augustus A. Hunt, James B. Roberts, Robert W. Wilkins, William. Robinson, Orville. Williams, Henry. Rockwell, Julius. Winthrop, Robert C. Rodney, George B. Wise, Henry A. Rogers, Charles. Woodward, Joseph A. Russell, Jeremiah. Wright, Joseph A. Sample, Samuel C. Wright, Williams. Saunders, Romulus M. Yancey, William L.ll Schenck, Robert C. Yost, Jacob S. Senter, William T. Chapman, Reuben. Hunt, Washington. 1. Elected in place of Henry A. Wise, resigned. Chappell, Absalom H. Ingersoll, Charles J. 2. Elected in place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. Chilton, Samuel. Ingersoll, Joseph R. 3. Elected in place of John Millen, deceased. 4. Clinch, Duncan L.3 Irvin, James. Elected in place of William Wilkins, resigned. Cliugman, Thomas L. Jameson, John. 5. Elected in place of A. H. Read, deceased. 6. Clinton, James D. Jenks, Michael H. Elected in place of T. W. Gilmer, resigned. 7. Cobb, Howell. Johnson, Andrew. Elected in place of Ed. S. Brinkerhoff, deceased. Coles, Walter. Johnson, Cave. 8. Elected in place of Peter Bossier, deceased. 9. Col lamer, Jacob. Johnson, Perley B. Elected in place of H. Frick, deceased. 10. Elected Cranston, Henry Y. Jones, George W. in place of H. A. Moore, deceased. 11. Elected in Cross. Henry. Kennedy, Andrew. place of D. H. Lewis, appointed Senator. Cullon, Alvin. Kennedy, John P. Territorial Delegates. Dana, Aniasa. King, Daniel P. Dodge, Augustus C. Le^T) David. Daniel, John R. J. King, Preston. Dodge, Henry. Darragh, Cornelius.4 Kirkpatrick, L. Davis, Garrett. Labranche, Alcee. THE TWENTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Davis, John W. Leonard, Moses. SENATORS. Davis, Richard D. Lewis, Dixon H. Dawson, John B. Lucas, William. George M. Dallas, Vice-President. Dean, Ezra. Lumpkin, John H. Allen, William. Bagby, Arthur P. Deberry, Edmund. Lyon, Lucius. Archer, William S. Barrow, Alexander. Dellett, James. Maclay, William B. Ashley, Chester. Benton, Thomas H. Dickey, John. Marsh, George P. Atchinson, D. B. Berrian, J. McPherson. Dickinson, D. W. Matthews, James. Atherton, Charles G. Breese, Sidney. Dillingham, Paul, Jr. McCauslan, William. Badger, George E.1 Bright, Jesse D. d T A B U L A R RECORDS. Buchanan, James. Johuson, Henry. Ficklin. Orlando B. McHenry, John H. Butler. Andrew P. 2 Johnson, Reverdy. Foster, Henry D. Mcllvane, A. R. Calhoun, John C.3 Lewis. Dixon H. Foot, Solomon. McKay, James J. Cameron, Simon.4 Mangum, Willie P. Fries, George. Miller, William S. Cass, Lewis. Mason, James M.I) Garvin, William S. Morris, Joseph. Chalmers, John W.5 McDuffie, George. Gentry, Meredith P. Morris, Moses, Jr. Cilley, Joseph. 6 Miller, Jacob W. Giddings, Joshua R. Morse, Isaac P. Clayton, John M. Moorehead, James T. Giles, William F. Moseley, William A. Clayton, Thomas. Niles, John M. Gordon, Samuel. Moulton. Mace. Cohjuitt, Walter T. Pearce, James A. Goodyear, Charles. Newton, Thomas W.9 Corwin, Thomas. Pennybacker, J. S. Graham, James. Niven, Archibald C. Crittenden, John J. Phelps, William S. Grider, Henry. Owen, Robert D. Davis. John. 7 Rusk, Thomas J. Griunell, Joseph. Parrish, Isaac. Dayton, William L. Semple, James. Grover, Martin. Payne, William W. Dickinson, Daniel S. Sevier, Ambrose H. Hale, Artemus. Pettit, John. Dix, John A. Simmons, James F. Hamlin, Hannibal. Pendloton, John S. Evans. George. Soule, Pierre. 10 Hampton, James G. Perrill, Augustus L. Fairiield. John. Speight, Jesse. Haralson, Hugh A. Perry, Thomas. Hannegan, Edward A. Sturgeon, Daniel. Harmanson, J. H. Phelps, John S. Hastings, S. C. Turney, Hopkins L. Harper, Alexander. Pillsbury, Timothy. Haywood, William H. Upham W. Hastings, S. Clinton. Poe. Washington. Houston, Samuel. Walker, R. J. Henley, Thomas J. Pollock, James. Huntington, Jabez W. Webster, Daniel. Henry. John. 5 Price, Sterling. " Greene, Albert C. Wescott, J. D. Herrick, Richard P. Ramsey, Alexander. Jarnagin. Spencer. Woodbridge, William. Hillard, Henry W. Rathbun, George. Jenness, Beuning W.8 Yulee, David L. Hoge, Joseph P. Reid. David S. 1. Elected in place of W. H. Haywood, resigned. 2. Appointed in place of George McDuffie, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Daniel E. Huger, resigned. 4. Elected in place of James Buchanan, resigned. 6. Elected in place of R. J. Walker, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Levi Woodbury, resigned. 7. Elected in place of J. C. Bates, deceased. 8. Ap pointed in place of Levi Woodbury, resigned. 9. Elected in place of J. S. Pennybacker, deceased. 10. Elected in place of Alexander Barrow, deceased. Holmes, Elias B. Holmes, Isaac E. Hopkins, George W. Hough, William J. Houston, George S. Houston, John W. Hubard, Edmund W. Hubbard, Samuel D. Hudson, Charles. Hungerford, Orville. Hunt, James B. Relfe, James H. Rhett, R. B. Ripley, Thomas C.10 Ritter. John. Roberts. Robert W. Rockwell, James A. Rockwell, Julius. Root, Joseph M. Runk, John. Russell, Joseph. Sawtelle, Cullen. REPRESENTATIVES. Hunt, Washington. Sawyer, William. Hunter, R. M. T. Scammon, John F. John W. Davis, Speaker. Ingersoll, Charles J. Schenek, Robert C. Abbott, Amos. Chipman, John S. Ingersoll, Joseph R. Seaman, Henry G. Adams, John Q. Clark, Henry S. Jenkins, Timothy. Seddon, James A. Adams, Stephen. Cobb, Howell. Johnson, Andrew. Severance, Luther. Anderson, Joseph H. Cocke, William M. Johnson, James H. Simpson, Richard F. Arnold, Lemuel H. Collamer, Jacob. Johnson, Joseph. Sims, Alexander D. Ashmun, George. Collins. John F. Jones, George W. Sims. Leonard H. Atkinson, Archibald. Constable, Albert. Jones, Seaborn. Slidell, John. Baker, Edward D. Cottrell, J. L. F.3 Kauffman, David S. Smith, Albert. Barringer, Daniel M. Cranston, Henry Y. Kennedy, Andrew. Smith, Caleb B. Bayly, Thomas H. Crozier, John H. King, Daniel P. Smith, Robert. Bell, Joshua F. Cullom, Alvin. King, Preston. Smith, Thomas. Benton, Charles S. Culver. Erastus D. King, Thomas B. Smith, Truman. Black, James. Cummings, J. D. La Sere, Emile.6 Stanton, Fred. P. Black, James A. Cunningham, F. A. Lawrence, John W. Starkweather, D. A. Blanchard, John. Daniels, J. R. J. Leake, Shelton F. Stephens, A. H. Bowden, Franklin W.I Dargan, Edmund S. Leftler, Shepherd. Stewart, Andrew. Bowlin, James B. Darragh, Cornelius. Leib, Owen D. St. John, Henry. Boyd, Linn. Davis, Garrett. Levin, Lewis C. Strohm, John. Briggs, Asa. Davis, Jefferson. Lewis, Abner. Strong, Stephen. Brinckerhoff, Jacob. Delano, Columbus. Lyon, Thomas W. Sykes, George. Brockenbrough, W. H.2 De Mott, John. Long, Edward H. Taylor, William. Brodhead, Richard. Dillingham, Paul, Jr. Lumpkin, John H. Thibadeaux, B. G. Brown, Milton. Dixon, James. Maclay, William B. Thomasson, William P. Brown. William C. Dobbins, James C. Marsh, George P. Thompson, Benjamin, Burlington, Joseph. Dockery, Alfred. Martin, Barclay. Thompson, Jacob. Burt, Armistead. Douglass, Stephen A. Martin, John P. Thompson, James. Cabell, E. C. Dromgoole, George C. McClean, Moses. Thurman, Allen G. Campbell. John H. Dunlap, Robert P. McClelland, Robert. Tibbatts, John W. Campbell, W. W. Edsell, Joseph E. McClernand, John A. Tilden, Daniel B. Carroll, Charles H. Ellett, Henry T.4 McConnell, Felix G. Tombs, Robert. Cathcart, Charles W. Ellsworth, Samuel S. McCrate, John D. Towns, George W.ll Chapman, Augustus A. Erdman, Jacob. McDaniel, William. 7 Tredway, William W. Chapman, John G. Ewing, Edwin H. McDowell James. 8 Trumbo, Andrew. Chapman, Reuben. Ewing, John H. McDowell, Joseph J. Vance, Joseph. Chase, Lucien B. Faran, James J. McGaughey, Edward W. Vinton, Samuel F. TABULAR KE CORDS. li Wentworth, .John. Wheaton, Horace. White, Hugh. Wick, William W. Williams, Hezekiah. Wilmot, David. Winthrop. Robert C. Wood. Bed lord R. Woodruff, Thomas M. Woodward, Joseph A. Woodworth, William W. Wright, William. Yancev, William L. Yell, Archibald. Yost, Jacob S. Young, Bryan R. 1. Elected in place of F. G. McConnell, deceased. 2. Successfully contested the election of E. C. Cabell. 3. Elec-ted in place of William L. Yancey. resigned. 4. Elected in place of Jefferson Davis, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Edward I>. Baker, resigned, (j. Elected in place of John Slidell, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Sterling Price, resigned. 8. Elected in place of William Ta.vloi, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Archibald lell, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Richard P. Herrick, deceased. 1 1. Elected in place of Washington Poe, resigned. Territorial Delegates. Dodge. Augustus C. Martin, Morgan L. THE THIRTIETH CONGRESS. SENATORS. George M. Dallas, Vice-president. Allen, William. Fitzgerald, Thomas. 4 Ashley, Chester. Atchinson, David R. vtherton, Charles G. Badger, George E. Bagby, Arthur P. Baldwin, Roger S.I Hell, John. . V>nton. Thomas H. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin.5 Foote, Henry S. Greene, Albert C. Hall. John P. Hannegau, Edward A. Hanilin, Hannibal. 6. Houston, Samuel. Hunter, R. M. T. Berrian, John McPherson. Johnson, HeiNchell V.7 Borland, Solon. 2 Bradbury, James W P.reese, Sidney. Bright, Jesse D. Butler, Andrew P. Calhoun, John C. Cameron, Simon. Cass. Lewis. Clark, John H. Clayton, John M. Colquitt, Walter T. Corwin, Thomas. Crittenden, John J. Davis, Jefferson. 3 Davis, John. Dayton, William L. Dickinson, Daniel S. Oix, John A. Dodge. Augustus C. Dodge, Henry Douglass, Stephen A. Downs, Solomon W Fuirfield, John. Johnson, Henry. Jones, George W. King, William R.8 Lewis, Dixon H. Man "urn. Willie P. Mason, James M. Metcalf, Thomas. 9 Miller, Jacob W. Moore, W. B. S.10 Niles, John M. Pearce, James A. Rusk, Thomas J. Sebastian, William K.11 Sevier, Ambrose H. Spruance, Presley. Sturgeon. Daniel. Turney, Hopkins L. Underwood, James R. Upham. William. Wales, John. 12 Walker. Isaac P. Webster, Daniel. Wescott, James D., Jr. Yulee, David L. Felch, Alpheus. 1. Appointed in place of Jabe/- Yr. Huntington, deceased. 2. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of A. H. Sevier, resignec 3. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of Jesse Speight, de ceased. 4. Appointed in place of Lewis Cass, re signed. 5. Appointed in place of Dixon H. Lewis, deceased. 6. Elected in place of John Fairrield, deceased. 7. Appointed in place of W. T. Colquitt, resigned. 8. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of A. P. Bagby, resigned. 9. Appointed and subsequently elected in place of J. J. Crittenden, resigned. 10. Appointed in place of John Fail-field, deceased 11. Appointed in place of Chester Ashley, deceased. 12. Elected in place of J. M. Clayton, re signed. REPKESENTATIVES. Robert C. Winthrop, Speaker. Abbott, Amos. Freeley, John. Adams, Green. French. Richard. Adams, John Q. Fries, George. Ashmun, George. Fulton, Andrew. Atkinson, Archibald. Gaines, John P. Barringer, Daniel M. Gayle, John. Barrow, Washington. Gentry, Meredith P. Bayley, Thomas H. Giddings, Joshua R. Beale* R. L. T. Goggin, William L. Bedinger, Henry. Gott, Daniel. Belcher, Hiram. Greeley, Horace. 3 Birdsall, Ausburn. Green, James S. Bingham, Kingsley S. Gregory, Dudley S. Black, James A. Grinnell, Joseph. Blackmar, Esbon.l Hale, Artemus. Blanchard, John. Hall, Nathan. Bocock, Thomas S. Hall, Willard P. Botts, John M. Hammond, David. Bowdon, Franklin W. Hampton, James G. Bowlin. James B. Hampton, Moses. Boyd, Linn. Harmanson, John H. Boyden, Nathaniel. Haralson, Hugh A. Brady, Joseph E. Harris, Sampson W. Bridges, Samuel A. 2 Haskell, William T. Brodhead. Richard. Ilenly, Thomas J. Brown, Albert G. Henry, William. Brown, Charles. Hill, H. L. W. Brown, William G. Hillard, Henry W. Buckner, Aylett. Holley, John M. Burt, Armistead. Holmes, Elias B. Butler, Chester. Holmes, Isaac E. Cabell, E. Carrington. Hornbeck, John W. Canby. Richard S. Houston, George S. Cathcart, Charles W. Houston, John W. Chapman, John G. Hubbard, Samuel D. Chase, Lucien B. Hudson, Charles. Clapp, Asa W. H. Hunt, Washington. Clark, Beverly L. Inge, Samuel W. Clark, Franklin. Ingersoll, Charles J. Clingman, Thomas L. Ingersoll, Joseph R. Cobb, Howell. Iverson, Alfred. Cobb, W. R. W. Irvin, Alexander. Cocke, AVilliam M. Jackson, David S. Col lamer, Jacob. Jamieson, John. Collins, William. Jenkins, Timothy. Conger, Harmon. Johnson, Andrew. Cranston, Robert B. Johnson, James H. Cresfield, John W. Johnson, Robert W. Crowell, John. Jones, George W. Crozier, John H. Jones, John W. Cummins. John D. Kaufman, David 8. Daniel. J. R. J. Kellogg, Orlando. Darling, Mason C. Kennon, William, Jr. Dickey, John. King, Daniel P. Dickinson, Rndolpbns. King, Thomas B. Dixon, James. Lahm, Samuel. Donnell, Richard S. La Sere, Emile. Dunn, George G. Lawrence, Sidney. Duncan, Daniel. Lawrence, William T. Duncan, Garnett. Leffler, Shepherd. Duerr, William. Levin, Lewis C. Eckert, George. Ligon, Thomas W. Edsall, Joseph E. Lincoln, Abraham. Edwards, Thomas O. Lord, Frederick W. Embree, Elisha. Lumpkin, John H. Evans, Alexander. Lynde, William P. Evans, Nathan. Maclay, William B. Faran, James J. Mann, Horace. 4 Farrelly, John W. Mann, Job. Featherston, Winfield S. Marsh, George P. Ficklin. Orlando B. Marvin, Dudley. Fisher, David. McClelland, Robert. Flourney, Thomas F. McClernand, J. A. li. TABULAR RECORDS. McDowell, James. Simpson, Richard F. Mcllvaine, A. R. Sims, A. D. Fremont, John C. Rusk, Thomas J. Gwinn, William W Sebastian, William K. McKav, James J. Slingerland, John I. McLane, Robert M. Smart, Ephraim K. McQueen, John. 5 Smith, Caleb B. Green, Albert C. Seward, William H. Hale, John P. Shields, James. Hamlin, Hannibal. Smith, Truman. Mead, Richard K. Smith, Robert. Houston, Samuel. Soule, Pierre. Miller, John K. Smith, Truman. Hunter, R. M. T. Spruance, Presley. Moorehead, Charles S. Stanton, Frederick F. Jones, George W. Stewart, David.7 Morris, Jonathan D. Starkweather, G. A. King, William R. Sturgeon. Daniel. Morse, Isaac E. Stephens, A. H. Mangum, Willie P. Turney, Hopkins L. Mullin, Joseph. Stewart, Andrew. Mason, James M. Underwood, Joseph R. Murphy, Henry C. St. John, Daniel B. Miller, Jacob W. Upham, William. Nelson, William. Strohm, John Morton, Jackson. Walker, Isnac P. Nes, Henry. Strong, William. Xorris, Moses, Jr. Wales, John. Newell, William A. Stuart, Charles E. Pearce, James A. Webster, Daniel. Nicoll, Henry. Sylvester, Peter H. Phelps, Samuel S. Whiteombe, James. Outlaw, David. Tallmadge, Frederick A. Pratt, Thomas G.4 Winthrop, Robert C.8 Palfrey, John G. Taylor, John L. Kantoul, Robert, Jr.5 Yulee, David L. Peaslee, Charles H. Thibadeaux, Bannon G. Rhett, R. B.6 Peck, Lucien B. Thomas, James H. 1. Appointed in place of F. H. Elmore, deceased. Pendleton, John S. Thompson, Jacob. 2. Appointed in place of John C. Calhoun, deceased. Petrie, George. Thompson, James. i. Appointed in place of Thomas Corwin resigned. Pettit, John. Thompson, John B. 4. Elected in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned. Peyton, Samuel O. Thompson, Richard W. 5. Elected in place of Daniel Webster, resigned. Phelps, John S. Thompson, Robert A. 6. Elected in place of John C. Culhoun, deceased. Pillsbury, Timothy. Thompson, William. 7. Appointed in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned. Pollock. James. Thurston, Benjamin B. S. Appointed in place of Daniel Webster, resigned Preston, William B. Tompkins, Patrick W. Putnam, Harvey Toombs, Robert. REPRESENTATIVES. Reynolds, Gideon. Tuck, Amos. Howell Cobb, Speaker. Rhett, R. B. Turner, Thomas J. Albertson, Nathaniel. Clark, Charles E. Richardson, William A. Vandyke, John. Alexander, Henry P. Cleveland, Chauncey F. Richey, Thomas. Venable, Abraham W. Allen, Charles. Clingman, Thomas L. Robinson, John L. Vinton, Samuel F. Alston, William J. Cobb, W R. W. Rockhill, William. Wallace, Daniel. 6 Anderson, Josiah M. Conger, Harmon S. Rockwell, John. W T arren, Cornelius. Andrews, George R. Colecock, William F. Rockwell, Julius. Wentworth, John. Ashe, William S. Cole, Orsamus. Roman, J. Dixon. White, Hugh. Ashmun, George. Conrad, Charles M. Root, Joseph M. Wick, William W. Averett, Thomas H. Corwin, Moses R. Rose, Robert L. Wiley, James S. Baker, Edward D. Crowell, John. Rumsey, David, Jr. Williams, Hezekiah. Bay, W. V. N. Daniel, J. R. J. Sawyer, William. Wilmot, David. Bay ley, Thomas H. Danner, Joel B.4 Schenck, Robert C. Wilson, James. Beale, James W. H. Deberry. Edmond. Shepperd, Augustus H. Woodward, Joseph A. Bell, John.l Dickey, Jesse C. Sherrell, Eliakim. Bennett, Henry. Dimmick, Milo, M. i. Elected in place of John M. Holley, deceased. Bingham. Kingsley S. Disney, David T. 2. Elected in place of J. N. Horn beck, deceased. Bissell, William H. Dixon, Nathan F. 3. Elected in place of D. S. Jackson, whose seat was Bocock, Thomas S. Doty, James Duane. declared vacant. 4. Elected in place of John Q. Bokee, David A. Duer, William. Adams, deceased. 5. Elected in place of A. D. Sim. Booth, Walter. Duncan, James H. deceased. 6. Elected in place of J. A. Black, de Bowdon, Franklin. Dunham, Cyrus L. ceased. Bowie, Richard R. Durkee, Charles. Territorial Delegates. Bowtin, James B. Edmonson, Henry A. Bibley, Henry H. Tweedy, John H. Boyd, Linn. Elliott, Samuel A.5 Breck, Daniel. Evans, Alexander. THE THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Briggs. George. Evans, Nathan. Qirv A Tvnjd Brisben, John. 2 Ewing, Andrew. OCjA A HJ.Ho. Brooks, James. Featherston, Winfield S. Millar d Fillmore, Vice- President. Brown, Albert G. Fitch, Graham N. Atchison, David R. Clemens, Jeremiah. Brown, William J. Fowler, Orin. Badger, George E. Cooper, James. Buel, Alexander W. Freedly, John. Baldwin, Roger S. Corwin Thomas. Bullard, Henry A. 3 Fuller, Thomas J. D. Rarnwell, Robert W.I Davis, Jefferson. Burroughs, Lorenzo. Gentry, Meredith P. Bell, John. Davis, John. Bnrt. Arraistead. Gerry, Elbridge. Benton, Thomas H. Dawson, William C. Butler, Chester. Giddings, Joshua R. Berrian, J. McPherson. Dayton, William L. Butler, Thomas B. Gilbert, Edward. Borland, Solan. Dickinson, Daniel S. Cabell, E. Carrington. Gilmore, Alfred. Bradbury, James W. Dodge, Augustus C. Cable, Joseph. Goodenow, Kutus K. Bright, Jesse D. Hodge, Henry. Caldwell, George A. Gorman, Willis A. Butler, Arthur P. Douglass, Stephen A. Caldwell, Joseph H. Gott, David. Calhoun, John C. Down, Solomon N. Calvin, Samuel. Gould, Herman D. Cass, Lewis. Elmore, Franklin H.2 Campbell, Lewis D. Greene, James S. Chase. Salmon P. Ewing, Thomas.3 Casey, Joseph. Grinnell, Joseph. Clark. John. Felch. Alpheus. Carter, David R. Hackett, Thomas C. Clay, Henry. Foot, Henry 8. Chandler, Joseph R, Hall, Willard P. TABULAR RECORDS. Hi: Hallow&y, Ransom. Orr, James L. 1. Elected in place of Amos E. Wood, deceased. Hamilton, William F. Otis, John. 2. Elected in place of Chester Butler, deceased. Hammond, Edward. Outlaw, David. 3. Elected in place of Charles M. Conrad, resigned. Hampton, Moses. Owen, Allen F. 4. Elected in place of Henry Nes, deceased. 5. Haralson, Hugh A. Parker, Richard. Elected in place of R. C. Winthrop, appointed Sena Harlan, Andrew J. Peaslee, Charles H. tor. 6. Elected in place of Alexander Newman, de Harmanson, John H. Peck, Lucius B. ceased. 7. Elected in place of Thomas B. King, Harris, Isham G. Penn, Alexander G.10 resigned. 8. Elected in place of Win. Thompson. Harris, Sampson W. Phelps, John S. whose seat was declared vacant. 9. Elected in place Harris, Thomas L. Phrenix, J. Phillips. of James Wilson, resigned. 10. Elected in place of Hay, Andrew K. Pitman, Charles W. J. H. Harmanson, deceased. Haymond, Thomas S. 6 Potter, Emory D. Territorial Delegates. Hebard, \Villiam. Powell Paulus. Henry, William. Putnam, Harry. Sibley, Henry H. Thurston, Samuel R. Hibbard, Henry. Hillard, Henry W. Reed, Robert R. Reynolds, Gideon. THE THIRTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Hoagland, Moses. Richardson, William A. SENATORS. Holliday, Alexander K. Risley, Elijah. William R. King, Vice-President. Holmes, Isaac E. Robbins, John, Jr. Adams, Stephen. 1 Hamlin, Hannibal. Houston, John W. Robinson, John L. Atchison, David R. Houston, Samuel. Howe, John W. Rockwell, Julius. Badger, George E. Hunter, R. M. T. Howard, Volney E. Root, Joseph M. Bayard, James A. James, Charles T. Hubbard, David. Rose, Robert L. Bell, John. Jones, George W. Hunter, William F. Ross, Thomas. Berrian, J. McPherson. Jones, James C. Inge, Samuel M. Rumsey, David, Jr. Borland, Solon. King, William R. Jackson, Joseph W.7 Sackett, William A. Bradbury, James W. Mallory. Stephen R. Jackson, William T. Sawtelle, Cullen. Bright, Jesse D. Mangum, Willie P. Johnson, Andrew. Savage, John H. Brodhead, Richard. Mason, James M. Johnson, James L. Schenck, Robert C. Brooks, Walter.2 McRne, John 1.8. Johnson, Robert W. Schermerhorn, A. M. Butler, Andrew P. Meriwether, David. 9 Jones, George W. Schoolcraft, John L. Cass, Lewis. Miller, Jacob W. Julian, George W. Seddon, James A. Cathcart, Charles W.3 Morton, Jackson. Kaufman, David S. Shepperd, Augustine H. Charlton, Robert M.4 Norris, Moses. Kerr, John B. Spaulding, Elridge G. Chase, Salmon P. Pearce, James A. King, Daniel P. Sprague, William. Clarke. John H. Petit, John. 10 King, George C. Stanley, Edward. Clay, Henry. Phelps, Samuel S.ll King, James G. Stanton, Frederick. Clemens, Jeremiah. Pratt, Thomas G. King, John A. Stan ton, Richard H. Cooper, James. Rhett, R. B. King, Preston. Stetson, Charles. Davis, John. Rusk, Thomas J. La Sere, Emile. Stephens, A. H. Dawson, William C. Sebastian, William K. Leffler, Shepherd. Stephens, Thaddeus. DeSaussure, William F.6 Seward, William H. Levin, Lewis C. Strong, William. Dbcon, Archibald. 5 Shields, James. Littlefield. Nathaniel S. Sweetzer, Charles. Dodge, Augustus C. Smith, Truman. Mann, Horace. Sylvester, Peter H. Dodge Henry. Sonle, Pierre. Mann, Job. Taylor, John L. Douglass, Stephen A. Spruance, Presley. Marshall, Humphrey. Thomas, James H. Downs, Solomon W. Stockton, Robert T. Mason, John C. Thompson, Jacob. Felch, Alpheus. Sumner, Charles. Matteson, Orsamus B. Thompson, James. Fish, Hamilton. Toucey, Isaac. McClernand, J. A. Thompson, John B. Fitzpatrick. Benjamin.7 Underwood, Joseph B. McDonald, Joseph E. Thompson, William. Foot, Henry S. Upham, William. McDowell, James. Thurman, John R. Foot, Solomon. Wade, Benjamin. McGanghey, Edward W. Toombs, Robert. Geyer, Henry S. Walker, Isaac P. McKissock, Thomas. Tuck, Amos. Gwinn, William M. Weller, John B. McLanahan, James. Underbill, Walter. Hale, John P. Whitcomb, James. McLane, Robert M. Van Dyke, John. 1. Elected in place of Jefferson Davis, resigned. McLean, Finis E. Venable, A. W. 2. Elected in place of H. S. Foot, resigned. 3. Ap McMullen, Fayette. Vinton, Samuel F. pointed in place of James Whitcomb, deceased. McQueen, John. Waldo, Loren P. 4. Appointed in place of J. McBerrian, resigned. 5. McWillie, William. Waldin, Hiram. Elected in place of Henry Clay, deceased. 6. Elected Meacham, James. Wallace, Daniel. in place of R. B. Rhett, resigned. 7. Appointed Mead, Richard K. Watkins, Albert G. in place of W. R. King, resigned. 8. Appointed Miller, Daniel F.8 Welborn, Marshall J. in place of Jefferson Davis, resigned. 9. Appointed Miller, John K. Wentworth, John. in place of Henry Clay, deceased. 10. Elected in Millson. John S. White, Hugh. place of James Whiteomb, deceased. 11. Appointed Moore, Henry D. Whittlesey, William A. in place of William Upham, deceased. Moorehead, Charles S. Wildrich, Isaac. REPRESKNTATTVES. Morris, Jonathan D. Williams, Charles H. Morrison, George W.9 Wilmot, David. Linn Boyd, Speaker. Morse, Isaac E. Wilson, James. Abercrombie, James. Appleton, William. Morton, Jeremiah. Winthrop, Robert C. Aiken, William. Averett, Thomas H. Nelson, William. Wood, Amos E. Allen, Charles. Ashe, William S. Nes, Henry. Woodward Joseph A. Allen, Willis. Kabcock, Leander. Newall, William A. Wright, George W. Allison, John. Bailey, David, Jr. Olds, Edson B. Young, Timothy R. Andrews, Charles. Karrere, Nelson. Ogle, Andrew A. Appleton, John. Bartlett, Thomas, Jr. TABULAR RECORDS. Bayly, Tbomas H. Beale, J. M. H Bell, Hiram. Bennett, Henry. Bibighaus, Thomas M. Bissell, William H. Bocock, Thomas S. Bowie, Richard B. Bowne, Obediah. Boyd, John H. Bragg, John. Breckenridge, John C. Brenton, Samuel. Briggs, George. Brooks, James. Brown, Albert G. Brown, George H. Buell, Alexander H. Burrows, Lorenzo. Burt, Armistead. Busby, George H. Cabeil, E. Carrington. Cable, Joseph. Caldwell, Joseph B. Campbell, Lewis I). Campbell, Thompson. Carter, David K. Caskie, John S. Chandler, Joseph R. Chapman, Charles. Chastain, Elijah W. Churchwell, William M Clark, Lincoln. Clemmens, Sherrard.l Clingman, Thomas L. Cleveland, Chauncey T. Cobb, W. R. W. Colcock, William F. Conger, James L. Cottman, Joseph S. Cullom. William. Curtis, Carleton B. Daniel, J. R. Darby, John F. Davis, George T. Davis, John G-. Dawson, John L. Dean, Gilbert. Dimmick. Milo M. Disney, David T. Dockery, Alfred. Doty, James D. Duncan, James H. Dunham, Cyrus L. Durkee, Charles. Eastman, Benjamin C. Edgerton, Alfred P. Edmundson, Henry F. Evans, Alexander. Ewing, Presley. Faulkner, Charles J. Fay, Francis B.2 Ficklin, Orlando B. Fiteh, Graham N. Florence, Thomas B. Floyd, John G. Fowler, Orrin. Freeman, John D. .Fuller, Henry M. Fuller, T. J. D. Gamble, James. Gaylord, James M. Gentry, Meredith P. Giddings. Joshua R. Gilmore, Alfred. Goodenow, Robert. Goodrich, John Z. Gorman, Willis A. Grey, Benjamin E. Greene, Frederick W. Grow, Galusha A. Hall, Willard P. Hamilton, William D. Hammond, Edward. Haren, Solomon G. Harper, Alexander. Harris, Isham G. Harris, Sampson W. Hart, Emanuel B. Hascall, Augustus P. Hawes, J. H. H. Hebard, William. Hendricks, Thomas A. Henn, Bernhart. Hibbard, Harry. Hillyer, Juuius. Holladay, Alexander. Horseford, Jedediah. Houston, George S. Howard, Volney E. Howe, John W. Howe, Thomas M. Howe, Thomas Y., Jr. Hunter, William F. Ingersoll. Colin M. Ives, Willard. Jackson, Joseph W. Jenkins, Timothy. Johnson, Andrew. Johnson, James. Johnson, John. Johnson, Robert W. Jones, Daniel T. Jones, George W. Jones, J. Glancey. King, George C. King. Preston. Kulms, Joseph H. Kurtz, William H. Landry. J. Aristide. Letcher. John. Little. Edward P. 3 Lockhart, James. Mace, Daniel. Mann, Horace. Marshall, Edward C. Marshall, Humphrey. Martin, Fred. S. Mason, John C. McCorkle, Joseph W. McDonald, Moses. McLanahan, James X. McMullen, Fayette. McNair, John. McQueen, John. Meacham, James. Mead, Rich.ml K. Miller, John G. Millson, John S. Miner, Ahiman L. Moloney, Richard. Moore, Henry D. Moore, John. Morehead, James T. Morrison, John A. Murphy, Charles. Murray, William. Nabers, Benjamin D. Newton, Eben. Olds, Edson B. Orr, James L. Outlaw, David. Parker. Andrew. Parker, Samuel W. Peaslee. Charles H. Penn, Alexander G. Penuiman, Ebenezer J. Perkins, Jared. Phelps. John S. Polk, William H. Porter, Gilchrist. Powell, Paulus. Preston, William. 4 Price, Rodman M. Rantoul, Robert, Jr. Reed, Isaac. 5 Richardson, W T illiam. Robbins, John, Jr. Robie, Reuben. Robinson, John L. Ross, Thomas. Russell, Joseph. Sabine, Lorenzo. 6 Sackett, William A. Savage, John H. Schermerhorn, A. M. Schoolcraft, John L. Schoonmacker, Marias. Sc udder, Zeno. Scurry, Richardson. Seymour, David L. Seymour, Origen S. Sk elton, Charles. Smart, Ephraim K. Smith, William R. Snow, William W. Stan ton, Benjamin. Stauton, P rederick P. Stanton, Richard H. Stephens, Abraham P. Stephens, A. H. Stevens, Thaddeus. St. Martin, Louis. Stciixe, James W 7 . Stratton, Nathan. Strother, James F. Stuart, Charles E. Sutherland, Jos i ah. Sweetzer, Charles. Taylor, John L. Thompson, Benjamin. Thompson, George W. Thurston, Benjamin B. Toombs, Robert. Townshend, Norton S. Tuck. Amos. Tenable, Abraham W. Walbridge, Henry S. Wallace. Daniel. Walsh, Thomas Y. Ward, William T. Washburn, Israel, Jr. Watkins, Albert G. Welch, John. Wells, John. White, Addison. White, Alexander. Wilcox, John A. Wildrick, Isaac. Williams, C. H. Woodward. Joseph A. Yates, Richard. Stanley, Edward. 1. Elected in place of G. W. Thompson, resigned. 2. Elected in place of Robert Rantoul, Jr., deceased. 3. Elected in place of Orrin Fowler, deceased. 4. Elected in place of Humphrey Marshall, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Charles Andrews, deceased. 6. Elected in place of Benjamin Thompson, deceased. Territorial Delegates. Bernhisel, John M. Sibley, Henry H. Lane, Joseph. Wightman, Richard F. THE THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. SENATORS. William B. Adams. Stephen. Allen, Philip. Atchison, David R. Atherton, Charles G. Badger, Geroge E. Bayard, James A. Bell, John. Benjamin, Judah P. Brainard, Lawrence.2 Bright, Jesse D. Brodhead, Richard. Brown, Albert G. Butler, Andrew P. Cass, Lewis. Chase, Salmon P. Clay, Clement C., Jr. Clayton, John M. Cooper, James. Dawson, William C. Dixon, Archibald. Dodge, Augustus C. Dodge, Henry. Douglass, Stephen A. Evans, Josiah J. King, Vice- President. 1 Everett, Edward. Fessenden, William P. Fish, Hamilton. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. 3 Foot, Solomon. Foster, La Fayette. Geyer, Henry S. Gillett, Francis.4 Gwinn, William M. Hamlin, Hannibal. Houston, Samuel. Hunter, R. M. T. James, Charles T. Johnson, Robert W.5 Jones, James C. Mallory, Stephen K. Mason, James M. Morton, Jackson. Norris, Moses. 1 earce, James A. Pettit, John. Phelps, Samuel S.6 Pratt, Thomas G. Reid, David S. T A. B TJ L A K K E C O li D S Rockwell, Julius. 7 Rusk, Thomas J. Sebastian, William K Seward, William H. Shields, James. Slidell, John.8 Smith, Truman. Stuart, Charles E. Sumner, Charles. Thompson, John T.. 1. W. R. Kin Thompson, John R. Toombs, Robert. Toucey, Isaac. Wade, Benjamin. Walker, Isaac P. Weller, John B. Wells, John S.9 Williams, Jared W.10 Wilson, Henry. 11 Wright, William. Vice-President, died April 1853. 2. Elected in place of William Upliam, de ceased. 3. Elected in place of W. R. King, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Truman Smith, resigned. 6. Elected in place of Solon Borland, resigned, fi. Appointed in place of William Upham, deceased. 7. Appointed in place of Edward Everett, deceased. 8. Elected in place of Pierre Soule, resigned. 9. Appointed in place of Moses Norris, deceased. 10. Appointed in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased. 11. Elected in place of Edward Everett, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Linn Bityd, Speaker. Abercrombie, James. Aiken, William. Allen, James C. Allen, Willis. Appleton, William. Ashe, William S. Bailey, David J. Ball, Edward. Banks, Nathaniel P. Barksdale, William. Barry. William S. Bayley, Thomas H. Belcher, Nathan. Bell, Peter H. Bennett, Henry. Benson, Samuel P. Benton, Thomas H. Bissell, William H. Bliss, George. Bocock, Thaddeus S. Boyce, William W. Breckenridge, John C. Bridges, Samuel A. Bristow, Francis M.I Brooks, Preston S. Bugg, Robert M. Campbell, Lewis D. Carpenter, David. 2 Caruthers. Samuel. Caskie, John S. Dean, Gilbert. Dent, W. B. W. De Witt, Alexander. Dick, John. Dickinson, Edward. Disney, David T. Dowdell, James F. Drum, Augustus. Dunbar, William. Dunham, Cyrus L. Eastman, Benjamin C. Eddy, Norman. Edgerton, Alfred P. Edmondson, Henry A. Edmunds, J. Wiley. Eliot, Thomas D.3 Elliott, John M. Ellison, Andrew. English, William H. Etheridge, Emerson. Everhart, William. Ewing. Presley. Farley, E. Wilder. Faulkner, Charles J. Fenton, Reuben E. Flagler, Thomas T. Florence, Thomas B. Franklin, John R. Fuller, T. J. D. Gamble, James. Chamberlain, Ebenezer M.Giddings, Joshua R. Chandler, Joseph R. Chase, George W. Chastain, Elijah W. Chrisman, James S. Churchwell, William M. Clark, Samuel. Clingman, Thomas L. Cobb, W. R. W. Colquitt, Alfred H. Cook, John P. Corwin, Moses B. Cox, Leander M. Craige, Burton*. Crocker, Samuel M. Cullom, William. Cummiug, Thomas W. Curtis, Carlton B. Cutting, Francis B. Davis, John G. Davis, Thomas. Dawson, John L. Goode, William O. Goodrich, John Z. Goodwin, Henry C.4. Green. Frederick W. Greenwood, Alfred B. Grey, Benjamin E. Grow, Galusha A. Hamilton, William T. Harlan, Aaron. Harlan, Andrew J. Harris, Sampson W. Harris, Wilson P. Harrison, John S. Hastings, George. Haven, Solomon G. Hendricks, Thomas A. Henn, Bernhart. Hibbard, Harry. Heister, Isaac E. Hill, Clement S. Hilly er, Junius. Houston, George S. Howe, Thomas M. Hughes, Charles. Hunt, Theodore G. Ingersoll, Colin M. Johnson, Harvey H. Jones, Daniel T. Jones, George W. Jones, J. Glancey.5 Jones, Roland. Kerr, John. Keitt, L. M. Kid well, Zedekiah. Kittredge, George W. Knox, James. Kurtz, W illiam H. Lamb, Alfred W. Lane, James H. Latham, Milton S. Letcher, John. Lewis, Charles S.6 Lil ley, Samuel. Liudley, James J. Liudsley, William D. Lyon, Caleb. Mace, Daniel. Macy, John B. Matteson, Orasmus B. Maurice, James. Maxwell, Augustus E. May, Henry. Mayhall, Samuel. McCullough, John. McDonald, Moses. McDougal, James A. McMullen, Fayette. McNair, John. McQueen, John. Meacham, James. Middleswarth, Ner. Miller, John G. Miller, Smith. Millson, John S. Morgan. Edwin B. Morrison, George W. Muhlenberg, Henry A. Murray, William. Nichols, Matthias H. Noble, David A. Norton, Jesse O. Olds, Edson K. Oliver, Andrew. Oliver, Morel ecai. Orr, James L. Packer, Asa. Parker, Samuel W. Peck, Jared V. Peckham, Rufus W. Pennington, A. C. M. Perkins, Bishop. Perkins, John, Jr. Phelps, John S. Phillips, Philip. Powell, Paulus. Pratt, James T. Preston, William. Pr ingle, Benjamin. Puryear, Richard S. 1. Elected in place of Presley Ewing, deceased. 2. Elected in place of A. Boody, resigned. 3. Elected in place of Zeno Scudder, resigned. 4. Elected in place of Gerritt Smith resigned. 5. Elected in place of H. A. Muhlenberg, deceased. 6. Elected in plac of J. F. Snodgrass, deceased. 7. Elected in place of Brookins Campbell, deceased, who never took hi* Ready, Charles. Reese, David A. Riddle, George R. Richardson, William \ Pistchey, Thomas. Ritchie, David. Robbins, John, Jr. Rogers, Sion H. Rowe, Peter. Ruffin, Thomas. Russell, Samuel L. Sabin, Alvah. Sage, Russell. Sapp, William R. Scudder, Zeno. Seward, James L. Seymour, Origen S. Shannon, Wilson. Shaw. Henry H. Shower, Jacob. Simmons, George A. Singleton, Otho R. Skelton, Charles. Smith, Gerritt. Smith, Samuel A. Smith, William. Smith, William R. Smyth, George W. Snodgrass, John F. Sellers, A. R. Stanton, Frederick P. Stanton, Richard S. Stephens, A. H. Stevens, Hestor L. Stratton, Nathan D. Straub, Christian M. Stuart, Andrew. Stuart, David. Taylor, John J. Taylor, John L. Taylor, Nathaniel G.7 Teller, Isaac. 8 Thurston, Benjamin B. Tracy, Andrew. Trout, Michael C. Tweed, William M. Upham, Charles W. Vail, George. Vansant, Joshua. Wade, Edward. Walbridge, Hiram. Walker, William A. Waller, Samuel H. Walsh, Michael. Warren, Edward A. Washburn, Elihu B. Washburn, Israel, Jr. Wells, Daniel, Jr. Wentworth, John. Wentworth, Tappan. NVestbrook, Theodorick R. Wheeler, John. Wittee, William H. Wright, Daniel B. Wright, Hendrick B. Yates, Richard. Zollicoffer, Felix K. In TABULAR RECORDS. seat. 8. Elected in place of Gilbert Dean, re signed. Territorial Delegates. Bernhisel, John M. Lane, Joseph. Gal legos, Jose M. Rice, Henry M. Lancaster, Columbia. Whitfield, J. W. THE THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. Jesse D. Bright and James M. Mason, Presidents pro ton. Adams, Stephen. Allen, Philfp. Bayard, James A. Bell, James. Bell, John. Benjamin, Judah P. Briggs, Asa. Biglee, William. Bright, Jesse D. Brodhead, Richard. Brown, Albert G. Butler, Andrew P. Cass, Lewis. Clay, Clement C., Jr. Clayton, John M. Collamer, Jacob. Comeggs, Joseph P.I Crittenden, John J. Dodge, Henry. Douglass, Stephen A. Durkee, Charles. Evans, Josiah J. Fessenden, Wm. P. Fish, Hamilton. Fitch, Graham. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. Foot, Solomon. Foster, Lafayette. Geyer, Henry S. Green, James S.2 Gwin, William M. Hale, Johu P. Hamlin, Hannibal. Harlan, James. Houston, Samuel. Hunter, R. M. T. Iverson, Alfred. James, Charles T. Johnson, Robert D. Jones, George W. Jones, James C. Mallory, Stephen R. Mason, James M. Nourse, Amos. 3 Pearce, James A. Pratt, Thomas G. Pugh, George E. Reid, David S. Rusk, Thomas J. Sebastian, William K. Seward, William H. Slidell, John. Stuart, Charles C. Sumner, Charles. Thompson, John B. Thompson, John B. Toombs, Robert. Toucey, Isaac. Trumbull, Lyman. Wade, Benjamin F. Weller, John B. W T ilson, Henry. Wright, William. Yulee, David L. 1. Appointed in place of John M. Clayton, de ceased. 2. Elected in place of John G. Miller, deceased. 3. Appointed in place of Hannibal Ham lin, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. Nathaniel P Albright, Charles J. Allen, Jamea C. Allison, John. Aiken, William. Akers, Thomas P.I Ball, Edward. Barbour, Lucien. Barclay, David. Barksdale, William. Bayley, Thomas H. Bell, P. H. Bennett, Hendly S. Bennett, Henry. Benson, Samuel P. Billinghurst, Charles. Bingham, John A. Bishop, James. Bliss, Philemon. Bocock, Thomas S. Bowie, Thomas F. Boyce, William W. Branch, Lawrence O B. Brenton, Samuel. Brodhead, Samuel C. Brooks, Preston 8. Banks, Speaker. Broom Jacob. Buffington, James. B .irlingame, Anson. Burnett, Henry C. Cadwalader, John. Campbell, James H. Campbell, John P. Campbell, Lewis D. Carlile, John S. Caruthers, Samuel. Caskee, John S. f haffee, Calvin C. Childs, Thomas, Jr.2 Clark, Bayard. Clark, Ezra, Jr. Clawson, Isaiah D. Clingman, Thomas L. Cobb, Howell. Cobb, W. R. W. Colfax, Schuyler. Comins, Linus B. Covode, John. Cox, Leander M. Cragie, Burton. Cragin, Aaron If. Crawford, Martin J. Cullen, Elisha D. Cumback, W T illiam. Damrell, William S. Davidson, Thomas (i. Davis, H. Winter. Davis, Jacob C.3 Davis, Timothy. Day, Timothy C. Dean, Sidney. Denver, James W. DeWitt, Alexander. Dick, John. Dickson, Samuel. Dodd, Edward. Do well, James F. Dunn, George G. Durfee, Nathaniel B. Edie, John R. Edmundson, Henry A. Edwards Francis F. Elliott, John M. Emrie, Jonas R. English, William H. Etheridge, Emerson. Eustis, George W. Evans, Lemuel D. Faulkner, Charles J. Flagler, Thomas T. Florence, Thomas B. Foster, Nathaniel G. Fuller, Henry M. Fuller, Thomas J. D. Galloway, Samuel. Garnett, M. R. H.4 Giddings, Joshua R. Gilbert, William A. Goode, William O. Granger, Amos P. Greenwood, Alfred B. Grow, Galusha A. Hall, Augustus. Hall, Robert B. Harlan, Aaron. Harris, J. Morrison. Harris, Sampson W. Harris, Thomas L. Harrison, John S. Haven, Solomon G. Herbert, Philemon T. Hickman, John. Hodges, George T.5 Hoffman, Henry W. Holloway, David P. Horton, Thomas B. Hortou, Valentine B. Houston, George S. Howard, William A. Hugheston, Jonas A. Jewett, Joshua H. Jones, George W. Jones, J. Glancey. Keitt, L. M. Kelly, John. Kelsey, William H. j Kennett, Luther M. Kidwell, Zedekiah. King, Rufus H. Knapp, Chauncey L. Knight, Jonathan. Knowlton, Ebenezer. Knox, James. Kunkle, John C. Lake, William A.. Leiter, Benjamin F. Letcher, John. Lindley, James R. Lumpkin, John H. Mace, Daniel. Marshall, Alexander K. Marshall, Humphrey. Marshall, S. S. Mattison, Orsanms B. Maxwell, Augustus E. McCarty, Andrew Z. McMnllen, Fayette. McQueen. John. Meacham, James. Miller, John G. Miller, Killian. Miller, Smith. Millson, John S. Millward, William Moore, Oscar F. Morgan, Edward B. Morrill, Justin F. Morrison, J. L. D.6 Mott, Richard. Murray, Ambrose S. Nichol, Mathias H. Norton, Jesse 0. Oliver, Andrew. Oliver, Mordecai. Orr, James L. Packer. Asa. Paine, Robert T. Parker, John M. Pearce, John J. Peck, George W. Pelton, Guy R. Pennington, A. C. M. Perry, John J. Pettit, John U. Phelps, John S. Pike, James. Porter, Gilchrist. Powell, Paul us. Pringle, Benjamin. Pnrviance. Samuel A. Puryear, Richard E. Quitman, John A. Reade, Edwin G. Ready. Charles. Ricand, James B. Richardson. William A. Ritchie, David. Rivers, Thomas. Robbins, George R. Roberts, Anthony E. Robinson, David F. Ruffin, Thomas. Rush, Albert. Sabin, Alvah. Sage, Russell. Sandridge, John M. Sapp, William R. Savage, John H. Scott, Harvey D. Seward, James L. Sherman. John. Shorter, Eli S. Simmons, Gffeorge A. Smith, Samuel A. Smith, William. Smith, Williain R. Sneed, William H Spinner, Francis E. Stanton, Benjamin. Stephens, Alexander fl. Stewart, James A. TABULAR RECORDS. Ivii Btranahan, J. S. T. Warner, Hiram. 1. Elected in place of John M. Clayton, deceased. Swope, Samuel F. Washburn, C. C. 2. Elected in place of Josiah J. Evans, deceased. Talbot, Albert G. Washburn, Elihu B. 3. Elected in place of James Bell, deceased. 4. Tappan, Mason W. W ashburn, Israel, Jr. Elected in place of Asa Briggs, resigned. 5. Ap Taylor, Miles. Watkins, A. G. pointed in place of Josiah J. Evans, deceased. 6. Thorn ington, James. Watson, Cooper K. Elected in place of Thomas J. Rusk, deceased. Thurston, Benjamin B. Welch, William W. 7. Appointed in place of J. P. Henderson, deceased. Todd, Lemuel. Wells. Daniel, Jr. Trafton, Mark. Wheeler, John. REPEESENTATIVKS. Trippe, Robert P. Whitney, Thomas R. James L. Orr, Speaker. Tyson, Robert R. Williams, John. Abbott, Nehemiah. Dawes, Henry L. Underwood. Warren L. Winslow, Warren. Adrain, Garrett B. Dean, Sidney. Vail, George. Wood, John M. Ahl, John A. Dewart, William L. Valk, William W. Woodruff, John. Anderson, Thomas L. Dick, John. Wade, Edward. Woodworth, James H. Andrews, Samuel G. Dimmick, William H. Wakeman, Abram. Wright, Daniel B. Arnold, Samuel. Dodd, Edward. Walbridge, David S. Wright, John V. Atkins, John D. C. Dowdell, James P. Waldron, Henry. Zollicoffer, Felix K. Avery, William T. Durfee, Nathaniel B. Walker, Percy. Banks, Nathaniel P. Edie, John R. 1. Elected in place of John G. Miller, deceased. Barksdale, William. Edmundson, Henry A. 2. Never took his seat on account of illness. 3. Barr, Thomas G.I Elliott, John M. Elected in place of W. A. Richardson, resigned. Bennett, Henry. English, William H. 4. Elected in place of Thomas H. Bayley, deceased. Billinghurst, Charles. Eustis, George. Jr. 5. Elected in place of James Meachan, deceased. Bingham, John A. Farnsworth, John F. 6. Elected in place of Lyuian Trumbnll, elected Bishop, William D. Faulkner, Charles J. Senator. Blair, Francis P., Jr. Fenton, Reuben E. Territorial Delegates. Bliss, Philemon. Florence, Thomas B. Bocock, Thomas S. Foley, James B. Anderson, J. Patton. Otero, Miguel A.I Bernhisel, John M. Rice, Henry M. Bonham, Mi 11 edge L. Foster, Stephen C. Bowie, Thomas F. Garnett, M. R. H. Chapman, Bird C. Whiteneldj John W. Boyce, William W. Gartrell, Lucius J. Lane, Joseph. Branch, Lawrence O B. Giddings, Joshua R. 1. Successfully contested the election of Jose M. Brayton, William D. Gilles, James M. Gallegas. Bryan. Guy M. Gilman, Charles J. THE THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Buffington, James. Gilmer, John A. Burlingame, Anson. Gooch, Daniel W.2 SENATORS. Burnett. Henry C. Goode, William O. John C. Breckenridge, Vice- President. Burns, Joseph. Goodwin. Henry C. Burroughs, Silas M. Granger, Amos P. Allen, Philip. Henderson, J. Pinckney.6 Campbell, Lewis D. Greenwood, Alfred B. Bates, Martin W.I Houston, Samuel. Caruthers, Samuel. Gregg, James M. Bayard, James A. Hunter, R. M. T. Case, Charles. Grossbeck, William S. Bell, John. Iverson, Alfred. Caskie, John S. Grover, Lafayette. Benjamin, Juclah P. Johnson, Andrew. Cavanaugh, James M. Grow, Galusha A. Briggs, Asa. Johnson, Robert W. Chaffee, Calvin C. Hall, Lawrence W. Bigler, William. Jones, George W. Chapman, Henry. Hall. Robert B. Bright, Jesse D. Kennedy, Anthony. Clark, Ezra. Harlan, Aaron. Broderick, David C. King, Preston. Clark, Horace F. Harris, J. Morrison. Brown, Albert G. Lane, Joseph. Clark, John B. Harris, Thomas L. Cameron, Simon. Mallory, Stephen R. Clawson. Isaiah D. Haskin, John B. Chandler. Zachariah. Mason, James M. Clay, James B. Hatch, Israel T. Chestnut, James, Jr. 2 Pearce, James A. Clemens, Sherrard. Hawkins, George S. Clark, Daniel.3 Polk, Trnsten. Clingman, Thomas L. Hidinian, John. Clay, Clement C., Jr. Pugh, George E. Cobb, W. R. W. Hill. Joshua. Clingman, Thomas L.4 Reid, David S. Cochrane, Clark B. Hoard, Charles B. Col lamer, Jacob. Rice, Henry M. Cochrane, John. Hodges, Charles D.3 Crittenden, John J. Rusk, Thomas J. Cockerill, Joseph R. Hopkins, George W. Davis, Jefferson. Sebastian, William K Colfax, Schuyler. Horton, Valentine B. Dixon, James. Seward, William H. Comins, Linus B. Houston, George S. Doolittle, James R. Shields, James. Corning, Erastus. Jackson, James. Douglass, Stephen A. Simmons, James F. Covode, John. Jenkins, Albert G. Durkee, Charles. Slidell, John. Cox, Samuel S. Jewett, Joshua H. Evans, Josiah J. Smith, Delazon. Cragie, Burton. Jones, George W. Fessenden, William P. Stuart, Charles E. Cragin, Aaron H. Jones, J. Glancey. Fitch, Graham N. Sumner, Charles. Craig, James. Jones, Owen. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. Thomson, John R. Crawford, Martin J. E>im, William H.4 Foot, Solomon. Thompson, John B. Curry, J. L. M. Keitt, L. M. Foster, Lafayette S. Toombs, Robert. Curtis, Samuel R. Kellogg, William. Green, James S. Trumbull, Lyman. Damrell, William S. Kelly, John. Gwin, William M. Wade, Benjamin F. Davidson, Thomas G. Kelsey, William H. Hale, John P. Ward, Matthias.7 Davis, H. Winter. Kilgore, David. Hamlin, Hannibal. Wilson, Henry. Davis, John G. Knapp, Chauncey L. Hammond, James H. Wright, William. Davis, Reuben. Kunkle, Jacob M. Harlan, James. Yulee, David L. Davis, Timothy. Kunkle, John C. Hayne, Arthur P. 5 Davis, Timothy. Lamar, L. Q. C. Iviii TABULAR RECORDS. Landy, James. Sandidge, John M. Bigler, William. Hunter, R. M. T. Lawrence, William. Savage, John H. Bingham, Kinsley S. Iverson, Alfred. Leach, DeWitt C. Scales, Alfred M. Bragg, Thomas. Johnson, Andrew. Leidy, Paul. Scott, Charles L. Bright, Jesse D. Johnson, Robert W. Leiter, Benjamin F. Searing, John A. Broderick, David C. Kennedy, Anthony. Letcher, John. Seward, James L. Brown, Albert G. King. Preston. Lovejoy, Owen. Shaw, Aaron. Cameron, Simon. Lane, Joseph. Maclay, William B. Shaw, Henry M. Chandler, Zachariah. Latham, Milton S.2 Marshall, Humphrey. Sherman John. Chestnut, James. Mallory, Stephen R. Marshall, James S. Sherman, Judson W. Clark, Daniel. Mason, James M. Mason, John C. Shorter, Eli S. Clay, Clement C., Jr. Morrill, Lot M.?> Matteson, Orsamus B. Sickles, Daniel E. Clingman, Thomas L. Nicholson, A. O. P. Maynard. Horace. Singleton, Otho K. C ollamer, Jacob. Pearce, James A. McKibben, Joseph C. Smith, Robert. Crittenden, John J. Polk, Trust-en. McRea, John J.5 Smith, Samuel A. Davis, Jefferson. Powell, Lazarus W. McQueen, John. Smith, William. Dixon, James. Pugh, George E. Miles, William P. Spinner, Francis E. Doolittle, .James R. Rice, Henry M. Miller, Joseph. Stall worth, James A. Douglass, Stephen A. Saulsbury, Willard. Millson, John S. Stanton, Benjamin. Durkee, Charles. Sebastian. William K. Montgomery, William. Stephens, A. H. Fessenden, William P. Seward, William H. Moore, Sydenham. Stevenson, John W. Fitch, Graham N. Simmons, James F. Morgan, Edwin B. Stewart, James A. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. Slidell, John. Morrill, Justin S. Stewart, William. Foot, Solomon. Sumner, Charles. Morris, Edward Joy. Talbot, Albert G. Foster, La Fayette. Ten Eyck, John C. Morris, Isaac N. Tappan. Mason W. Green, James S. Thomson, John R. Morse, Freeman H. Taylor, George. Grimes, James W. Toombs, Robert. Morse, Oliver A. Taylor, Miles. Gwinn, William M. Trumbull, Lyman. Mott, Richard. Thayer, Eli. Hall, John P. Wade, Benjamin F. Murray, Ambrose S. Thompson, John. Hamliu, Hannibal. Ward, Matthias. 4 Neblack, William E. Tompkius, C. B. Hammond, James H. Wigfall, Louis T.5 Nichols, Matthias H. Tripp, Robert P. ilarlan, James. Wilkinson, Morton S. Olin, Abram B. Underwood, Warren L. Haun, Henry P.I Wilson, Henry. Palmer, George W. Vallandingham, C. L.6 Hemphill, John. Yulee, David L. Parker, John M. Vance, Zebulon B.7 Pendleton, George H. Wade, Edward. Pettit, John N. Walbridge, David S. Peyton, Samuel O. Waldron, Henry. Phelps, John S. Walton, E. P. Phelps, William W. Ward, Elijah. 1. Appointed in place of D. C. Broderick, deceased. Elected in place of D. C. Broderick, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Hannibal Hamlin, resigned. 4. Appointed in place of J. P. Henderson, deceased. 5. Elected in place of J. P. Henderson, deceased. Phillips, Henry M. Warren, Edward A. R EPKESENTATIVES. Pike, James. Washburn, C. C. William Pennine/ton, Speaker. Potter, John F. Washburn, Elihu B. Pottle, Emory B. Washburn, Israel, J r. Powell, Paulus. Watkins, Albert G. Qnituian, John A. White, Allison. Ready, Charles. Whiteley, William G. Reagan, John H. Wilson, James. Adams, Charles F. Burnett, Henry C. Adams, Green. Burnham, Alfred A. Adrain, Garnett B. Burroughs, Silas M. Aldrich, Cyrus. Butterfield, Martin. Allen, William. Campbell, James H. Allen John B. Carey John Reilly, Wilson. Winslow, Warren. Ricand, James B. Wood, John M. Ritchie, David. Woodson, Samuel H. Robbins, George R. Wortendyke, Jacob K. Eoberta, Anthony E. Wright, Augustus R. Royce, Homer E. Wright, John V. Ruffin. Thomas. Zollicoffer, Felix K. Russell William F. Anderson, Thomas L. Carter, Luther C. Anderson, William. Case, Charles. Ashley, James M. Clark, Horace F. Ashmore, John D. Clark, John B. A very, William T. Clemens, Sherrard. Babbitt, Elijah. Clopton, David. Barksdale, William. Cobb, W. R. W. Barr, Thomas J. Coburn, Stephen. 3 1. Elected in place of John Kelly, resigned. Barrett, James R.I Cochrane, Clark B. Elected in place of Nathaniel P. Banks, resigned. Beal, Charles L. Cochrane, John. 3. Elected in place of Thomas II. Harris, deceased. Bingham, John A. Colfax, Schnyler. 4. Elected in place of J. Glancey Jones, resigned. Blake, Harrison G. Conkling, Roscoe. 5. Elected in place of John A. Quitman, deceased. 6. Successfully contested the election of L. D. Camp Blair, Francis P. 2 Cooper, George B. Blair, Samuel S. Convin, Thomas. bell. 7. Elected in place of Thomas L. Clingman Bocock, Thomas S. Covode, John. elected Senator. Bonham, Milledge L. Cox, S. S. Territorial Delegates. Boteler, Alexander R. Cragie, Burton. Bernhisel, John M. Otero, Miguel A. Bouligny, John E. Craig, James. Ferguson, Fenner. Parrott, Marcus, Jr. Boyce, William W. Crawford, Martin J. Kingsbnry, William W. Stevens, Isaac, Jr. Brabson, Reese B. Curry, J. 1 . M. Lane, Joseph. Branch, Lawrence OT.. Curtis, Samuel R. Bray ton, William D. Davidson. Thomas Q. THE THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Briggs, George. Davis, H. Winter. SENATORS. Bristow, Francis M. Davis, John G. John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President. Anthony. Henry B. Bayard, James A. Brown, John Y. Davis, Reuben. Buffington, James. Dawes, Henry L. Burcb, John C. De Jarnette P. C. Baker, Edward D. Benjamin, Judah F . Burlingame, Ansou. Delano. Charles. TABULAR RECORDS. ILr Dimmick, William H. Maynard, Horace. Trimble, Carey A. Washburn, Israel, Jr. Duell, R. Holland. McClernand, John A Underwood, John W. *H. Webster, Edward H. Dunn, William M. McKean, James B. Vance, Zebulon B. Wells, Alfred. Edgerton, Sidney. McKenty, Jacob K."> Vandever, William. Whiteley, William G. Edmondson, Henry A. McKnight, Robert. Vallandigham, C. L. Wilson, James. Edwards, Thomas M. McPherson, Edward. Van Wyck, Charles H. Windom, William. Eliot, Thomas D. McQueen, John. Verree, John P. Winslow, Warren. Ely, Alfred. McRae, John J. Wade, Edward. Wood, John. English, William H. Miles, William P. Waldron, Henry. Woodruff, John. Etheridge, Emerson. Millson. John S. Walton, Ezekiel P. Woodson, Samuel H. Farnsworth, John F. Millward, William. Washburn, C. C. Wright, John V. Fenton, Reuben E. Montgomery. William. Washburne, Elihu B. Ferry, Orris F. Florence, Thomas B. Moore, Laban F. . . Moore, Sydenham. 1 Successfully contested the election of J. R. Bar rett. 2. Elected in place of F. P. Blair, resigned. Foster, Stephen C. Moorhead, James K. 3. Elected in place ot I. Washburn, Jr., resigned. 4. Fouks, Philip B. Frank, Augustus. Morrill, Justin S. Morris. Edward J. Successfully contested the election of George B. Cooper. 5 Elected "in place of John Schwartz, deceased. French, Ezra B. Morris, Isaac N. 6 Elected in place of William O. C.oode, deceased. Garnett, M. R. H. Morse. Freeman H. 7. Elected in place of S. M. Burroughs, deceased. Gartrell, Lucius J. Gilmer, John A. Nelson, T. A. R. Niblack, William E. Territorial Delegates. Gooch, Daniel W. Nixon, John T. Dailey, Samuel G. Parrott, Marcus J. Graham, James H. Noell, John W. Hooper, William H. Stevens, Isaac I. Grow, Galusha A. Olin, Abram B. Otero, Miguel A. Gurley, John A. Hale, James T. Palmer, George W. Pendleton, George H. THE THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Hall, Chapin. Perry, John J. SKNATORS. Hamilton, Andrew J. Pettit, John U. Hannibal lid ml in, I ice-President. Hardeman, Thomas, Jr. Peyton, Samuel O. Anthonv, Henry B. Johnson, Waldo P. Harris, John T. Phelps, John S. Arnold," Samuel G.I Kennedy, Anthony. Harris, J. Morrison. Porter, Albert G. Baker, Edward D. King, Preston. Haskin. John B. Hatton, Robert. Potter, John F. Pottle, Emory B. Bayard, James A. Lane. Henry S. Bingham, Kinsley S. Lane, James H. Hawkins, George S. Pryor, Roger A. 6 Breckenridge. John C. Latham, Milton S. Helmick, William. Pugh, James L. Brio-ht Jesse D. McDougall, James A. Hickman, John. Quarles, James M. Browning, Orville H.2 Morrill, LotM. Hill, Joshua. Reagan, John H. Cameron, Simon. Nesinit, James W. Hindman, Thomas C. Reynolds, Edwin R. Carlile, John S. 3 Pearce, James A. Hoard, Charles B. Reynolds, John H. Chandler, Zachariah. Polk, Trusten. Holman, William S. Houston, George S. Rice, Alexander H. Riggs, Jetur R. Chase, Salmon P. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Clarke Daniel. Powell, Lazarus W. Howard, W T illium. Robinson, Christopher. Collamer, Jacob. Rice, Henry M. Howard, William A. 4 Robinson, James C. Cowan, Edgar. Richardson, Henry A. 10 Hughes, George W. Royce, Homer E. Davis, Garrett.4 Saulsbury, Willa-d. Humphrey, James. Ruffin, Thomas. Dixon, James. Sherman, John. 11 Hutchins, John. Rust, Albert. Doolittle, James R. Simmons, James F. Irvine, William. Schwartz, John. Douglas. Stephen A. Stark, Benjamin. 12 Jackson, James. Scott, Charles L. Fessenden, William P. Sunnier, Charles. Jenkins, Albert G. Scranton, George W. Field, Richard F.5 Ten Eyck, John C. Jones, John J. Sedgewick, Charles B. Foot, Solomon. Thomson, John R. Junkin, Benjamin F. Sherman, John. Foster, Layfayette S. Trumbull, Lyman. Keitt, L. M. Sickles, Daniel E. ? Grimes, James W. Turpee, David. 13 Kellogg, Francis W. Simms, William E. Hale, John P. Wade, Benjamin F. Kellogg. William. Kenyou, William S. Singleton, Otho R. Smith, William. Harding, Benjamin F.6 Wall, James W.14 Ilarlan, James. Wilkinson, Morton S. Kilgore, David. Smith, William X. II. Harris, Ira. Willey, Waitman F.15 Killinger, John W. Somes. Daniel E. Henderson, John B.7 Wilmot, David. 16 Kunkle, Jacob M. Spaulding, Elbrid^, G. Hicks, Thomas H.8 Wilson, Henry. Lamar. L. Q. C. Spinner, Francis E. Howard, Jacob M.!) Wilson, Robert. 17 Landrum, John M. Stallworth, James A. Howe, Timothy O. Wright, Joseph A. 18 Larrabee. Charles H. Stanton, Benjamin. Johnson, Andrew. Leach, De Witt C. Leach, James M. Leake, Shelton F. Lee, M. Lindley. Logan, John A. Longnecker, Henry C. Loomis, Dwig .it. Stevens, Thaddeus. Stevenson, John W. Stewart, James A. Stewart, William. Stokes, William B. Stout, Lansing. Stratton, J. L. N. Taylor, Miles. 1. Elected in place of J. F. Simmons, resigned. 2. Appointed in place of S. A. Douglas, deceased. 3. Elected in place of R. M. T. Hunter, withdrawn. 4. Elected in place of John C. Breckenridge, expel led. 5. Appointed in place of J. R. Thomson, deceased, (i. Elected in place of E. D. Baker, deceased. 7. Elected in place of Trusten Polk, expelled. 8. Ap Lovegood, Owen. Maclay, William B. Mallory, Robert. Martin, Charles D. Martin, Elbert S. Marston, Gilman. Tappan, Mason W. Thayer, Eli. Theaker, Thomas G. Thomas, James H. Tompkins, C. B. Train, Charles R. pointed in place of James A. Pearce, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Kinsley S. Biugham, deceased. 10. Elected in place of Stephen A. Douglas, deceased. 11. Elected in place of Salmon P. Chase, resigned. 12. Appointed in place of E. D. Baker, deceased. 13. Elected in place of Jesse D. Bright, expelled. TABULAR RECORDS. 14. Elected in place of J. R. Thomson, deceased. Price, Thomas L.10 Upton, Charles H. 15. Elected in place of J. ]ft. Mason, -withdrawn. Reid, John W. Vallandingham, C. C. 16. Elected in place of S. Cameron, resigned. 17. Rice, Alexander H. Vandever, William. Appointed in place of W. P. Johnson, expelled. Rice, Joseph H. Van Horn, Burt. 18. Appointed in place of Jesse D. Bright, expelled. Richardson, William A. VanValkenburgh,Robt. B. REPRESENTATIVES. Riddle, Albert G. Van Wyck, Charles H. Robinson, James C. Verree, John P. Galusha A. Grow, Speaker. Rollins, Edward H. Vibbard, Chauncey. Aldrich, Cyrus. Frank, Augustus. Allen, William. Gooch, Dauiel W. Allen, William J.I Goodwin, John N. Alley, John B. Granger, Bradley F. Ancona, Sydenham E. Grider, Henry. Appleton, William. Gurley, John A. Arnold, Isaac N. Hahn, Michael. Ashley, James M. Haight, Edward. Babbitt, Elijah. Hale, James T. Bailey, Goldsmith F. Hall, William A.6 Baily, Joseph. Hanchett, Luther. Baker. Stephen. Harding, Aaron. Baxter, Portus. Harrison, Richard A. Beaman, Ferdinand C. Hickman, John. Rollins, James S. Voorhees, Daniel W. Sargeant, Aaron A. Wadsworth, William H. Sedgwick, Charles B. Walker, Amasa.12 Segar, Joseph E. Wall, William. Shanks. J. P. C. Wallace, John W. Sheffield. William P. Walton, Charles W. Sheil, George K. Walton. Ezekiel P. Shellabarger, Samuel. Ward, Elias. Sherman, S. N. Washburne, Elihu B. Sloan, A. Scott. Webster, Edwin H. Smith, Edward H. Whaley, Killian V. Spaulding, Elbridge G. Wheeler, William A. Steele, John B. White, Albert S. Steele, William G. White, Chilton A. Biddle, Charles J.2 Holman, William F. Stevens, Thaddeus. Wickliffe, Charles A. Bingham, John A. Hooper, Samuel.7 Blair, Francis P. Horton, Valentine B. Stiles, John D.ll Wilson, James F.13 Stratton, John L. N. W indom, William. Blair, Jacob B.3 Hutchins, John. Thomas, B. F. Wood, Benjamin. Blair, Samuel S. Jackson, James S. Thomas, Francis. Woodruff, George C. Blake, Harrison G. Johnson, Philip. Train. Charles R. Worcester, Samuel P. Bridges. George W. Julien, George W. Brown, William G. Kellogg, Francis W. Trimble, Carey A. Wright, Hendrick B. Trowbridge, Roland E. Yeaman, George H.14 Browne, George H. Kellogg. William. 1. Elected in place of John A. Logan, resigned. Bnffington, James. Kelly, William D. 2. Elected in place of E. J. Morris, resigned. 3. Burnett, Henry C. Kerrigan, James E. Elected in place of J. S. Carlile, resigned. 4. Elected Burnham, Alfred A. Killinger, John W. in place of H. C. Burnett, expelled. 5. Elected Calvert, Charles B. Knapp, Anthony L.8 in place of C. W. Walton, resigned. 6. Elected in Campbell, James H. Lansing, William E. place of J. B. Clark, expelled. 7. Elected in place Carlile, John S. Law, John. of William Appleton, resigned. 8. Elected in place Casey, Samuel L.4 Lazear, Jesse. of John A. McClernand, resigned. 9. Elected in Chamberlain, J. P. Leary, C. L. L. place of L. Hanchett, deceased. 10. Elected in Clark, Ambrose M. Lehman, William E. place of J. W. Reid, expelled. 11. Elected in place Clements, Andrew J. Logan, John A. of T. B. Cooper, deceased. 12. Elected in place of Cobb, George T. Loomis, Dwight. G. F. Bailey, deceased. 13. Elected in place of Colfax, Schnyler. Lovejoy, Owen. Samuel R. Curtis, resigned. 14. Elected in place of Conkling, Fred A. Low, Frederick P. J. S. Jackson, deceased. Conkling, Roscoe. Mallory, Robert. Territorial Delegates. Conway, Martin F. Mareton, Gilman. Cooper, Thomas B. May, Henry. Corning, Erastus. Maynard, Horace. Covode, John. McClernand, John A. Bennett, Hiram P. Todd, John B. S. Bernhisel, John M. Wallace, William H. Cradlebaugh, John. Watts, John S. Cox, Samuel S. Mclndoe, Walter D.9 Daily, Samuel G. Cravens, James A. McKean, James B. Crisfield, John W. McKnight, Robert. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Crittenden, John J. McPherson, Edward. SENATORS. Curtis, Samuel R. Menzies, John W. Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President. Cutter, William P. Mitchell, William. Anthony, Henry B. Harlan, James. Davis, William M. Moorhead, James K. Bayard, James A. Harris, Ira. Dawes, Henry L. Morrill, Anson. Bowden, Lemuel J. Henderson, John B. Delano, Charles. Morrill, Justin S. Brown, B. Gratz.l Hendricks, Thomas A. Delaplaine, Isaac C. Morris, James R. Buckalew, Charles R. Hicks. Thomas H. Diven, Alexander S. Nixon, John F. Carlile, John S. Howard, Jacob M. Duel, R. Holland. Noble, Warren P. Dunlap, George W. Noell, John W. Chandler, Zachariah. Howe, Timothy O. Clark, Daniel. Johnson, Reverdy. Dunn, W. McKee. Norton, Elijah H. Edgerton, Sidney. Nugen, Robert H. Collamer, Jacob. Lane, Henry S. Conness, John. Lane, James H. Edwards, Thomas M. Odell, Moses F. Eliot, Thomas D. Olin, Abraham B. Cowan, Edgar. McDougall, James A. Davis, Garrett. Morgan, Edward D. Ely, Alfred. Patton, John. Dixon, James. Morrill, Lot M. English, James E. Pendleton, George H Doolittle, Jamas R. Nesmith, James W. Fenton, Reuben E. Perry, Nehemiah. Farwell, Nathan A.2 Nye, James W. Fessenden, Samuel C. Phelps, John S. Fessenden, T. A. D.5 Phelps, Timothy G. Fisher, George P. Pike, Frederick A. Flanders, Benjamin F. Pomeroy, Theodore M Fouke, Philip B. Porter, Albert G. Franchot, Richard. Potter, John F. Fessenden, William P. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Foot, Solomon. Powell, Lazarus W. Foster, La Fayette S. Ramsey, Alexander. Grimes, James W. Riddle, George R.3 Hale, John P. Richardson, William A. Harding. Benjamin F. Saulsbury, William. TABULAE RECORDS. Ixi Sherman, John. Wade, Benjamin F. O Neill, Charles. Steele, William G. Sprague, William. Wilkinson, Morton S. O Neill, John. Stevens, Thaddeus. Stewart, William M. Willey, Waitman T. Orth, Godlove S. Stiles, John D. Sumner, Charles. Wilson, Henry. Patterson, James W. Strouse, Myer. Ten Eyck, John C. Wilson, Kobert.4 Pendleton, George H. Stuart, John T. Trumbull, Lyman. Wright, William. Perham, Sidney. Sweat, L. D. M. Van Winkle, Peter. Perry, Nehemiah. Thayer, M. Russell. 1. Elected in place of W. P. Johnson, expelled- Pike, Frederick A. Thomas, Francis. 2. Appointed in place of W. P. Fessenden, resigned- Pomeroy, Theodore M. Townsend, Dwight. 3 3. Elected in place of James A. Bayard, resigned. Price, Hiram. Tracy, Henry W. Appointed in place of W. P. Johnson, expelled. Pruyn, John V. L. Upson, Charles. Radford, William. Van Valkenburgh, R. B. REPRESENTATIVES. Randall, Samuel J. Voorhees, Daniel W. Hchuyler Colfax, Speaker. Randall, William H. Wadsworth, William H. Allen, James C. Griswold, John A. Allen, William J. Hale, James T. Alley, John B. Hall, William A. Allison, William B. Harding, Aaron. Ames, Oakes. Harrington, Henry W. Ancona, Sydenham E. Harris, Benjamin G. Anderson, Lucien. Harris, Charles M. Arnold, Isaac N. Herrick, Anson. Ashley, James M. Higby, William. Baily, Joseph. Holrnan, William S. Baldwin, Augustus C. Hooper, Samuel. Baldwin, John D. Hotchkiss, Giles W. Baxter, Portus. Hubbard, Asahel W. Beaman, Fernando C. Hubbard. John H. Blair, F. P. Hulburd, Calvin T. Blair, Jacob B. Hutchius, Wells A. Elaine, James G. Ingersoll, Ebon C.I Bliss, George. Jencks, Thomas A. Rice, Alexander H. Ward, Elijah. Rice, John H. Washburn, William B. Robinson. James. Washburne, Elihu B. Rogers, Andrew J. Webster, Edwin H. Rollins, Edward H. Whaley, Killian V. Rollins, James S. Wheeler, Ezra. Ross, Lewis W. White, Chilton A. Schenck, Robert C. White, Joseph W. Scofield, Glenni W. Wilder, A. Carter. Scott, John W. Williams, Thomas. Shannon, Thomas B. Wilson, James F. Sloan, Ithamar C. Windom, William. Smith, Green C. Winfield, Charles H. Smithers, Nathan B^ Wood, Benjamin. Spaulding, Rut u.s P. Wood, Fernando. Starr, John F. Woodbridge, Fred. E. Stebbins, Henry G. Worthington, Henry Q. Steele, John B. Yeaman, George H. Blow, H. T. Johnson, Philip. 1. Elected in place of Owen Lovejoy, deceased. Boutwell, George S. Johnson, William. 2. Successfully contested the election of F. P. Blair, Boyd, S. H. Julien, George W. Jr. 3. Elected in place of H. G. Stebbins, resigned. Brandegee, Augustus. Kasson, John A. Territorial Delegates. Bromall, John M. Kalbfleisch, Martin. Brooks, James. Kellogg, Francis W. Brown, James S. Kellogg, Orlando. Bennett, H. P. Mott, Gordon N. Dole, George E. Perea, Francisco. Daily, Samuel G. Poston, Charles D. Brown, William G. Kelly, William D. Jayne, William. Todd, J. B. S.I Chandler, John W. Kernan, Francis. Clark, Ambrose W. King, Austin A. Kenney, John F. Wallace, William H. McLean, Samuel. Clark, Freeman. Knapp, Anthony L. Clay, Brutus J. Knox, Samuel.2 1. Successfully contested the election of William Cobb, Amasa. Law, John. Jayne. Coffroth, Alexander H. Lazear, Jesse. THE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Cole, Cornelius. Le Blond, Francis C. Cox, S. S. Littlejohn. De Witt C. SENATOBS. Cravens, James A. Loan, Benjamin. Andrew Johnson, Vice-President.]. Cresswell, John A. J. Long, Alexander. Anthony, Henry B. Howard, Jacob M. Davis, H. Winter. Longyear, John W. Brown, B. Gratz. Howe, Timothy O. Davis, Thomas T. Lovejoy, Owen. Buckalew, Charles R. Johnson, Reverdy. Dawes, Henry L. Mallory, Robert. Cattell, Alexander G.2 Kirkwood, Samuel J.6 Dawson, John L. Marcy, Daniel. Chandler, Zachariah. Lane, Henry S. Deming, Henry C. Marvin, James M. Clark, Daniel. Lane, James H. JVnison, Charles. McAllister, Archibald. Conness, John. McDougall, James A. Di>;on, Nathan F. McBride, John B. Cowan, Edgar. Morgan, Edward D. D iinelly. Ignatius. McClurg, Joseph W. Cragin, Aaron H. Morrill, Lot M. -brings, John F. McDowell, James F. Cresswell, J. A. J. Nesmith, James W. Dumont, Ebenezer. Mclndoe, Walter C. Davis, Garrett. Norton, Daniel S. Eckley, Ephraim R. McKinney, John F. Dixon, James. Nye, James W. Eden, John R. Middleton, George. Doolittle, James R. Patterson, David T. Edgerton, Joseph K. Miller, Samuel F. Edmunds, George F.3 Poland, Luke P.7 Elbridge, Charles A, Miller, William H. Fessenden, W. P. Pomeroy, Stephen C. Eliot, Thomas D. Moorhead, James K. Fogg, George G.4 Ramsey, Alexander. English, James E. Morrill, Justin S. Foot, Solomon. Riddle, George R. Farns worth, John F. Morris, Daniel. Foster, La Fayette S. Ross, Edmund G.8 Fenton, Reuben E. Morris, James R. Fowler, Joseph S. Saulsbnry, Willard. Finck, William E. Morrison, William R. Frelinghuysen, Fred. T.5 Sherman, John. Frank, Augustus. Myers, Amos. Grimes, James W. Sprague, William. Garfield, James A. Myers, Leonard. Guthrie, James. Stewart, William M. Ganson, John. Nelson, Homer A. Harlan, James. Stocton, John P. Gooch, D;.niel W. Noble, Warren P. Harris, Ira. Sumner, Charles. Gridar, Henry. Norton, Jesse O. Henderson, John B. Trumbull, Lyman. Grinnell, Josiah B. Odell, Moses F. Hendricks, Thomas A. Van Winkle, Peter G. Ixii TABULAR RECOKDS. Wade, Benjamin F. Wilson, Henry. Wilhy, Waitman T. Wright, William. Williams, George H. Yates, Richard. 1 Became President on the death of President Lincoln. 2. Elected in place of J. P. Stocton whose seat was declared vacant. 3. Elected in place of Solomon Foot, deceased. 4. Appointed in place 01 Daniel Clark, resigned. 5. Appointed in place 01 William Wright, deceased. 6. Elected in place ol James Harlan, deceased. 7. Appointed in place ot Jacob Collamer, deceased. 8. Appointed m place . James Harlan, resigned. REPRESENTATIVES. tichuyler Coif ax, Speaker. Alley, John B. Allison, William B. Ames, Oakes. Ancona, Sydenham E. Anderson, George W. Arnell, Samuel N. Ashley, Delos B. Baker, Jehu. Baldwin, John D. Banks, Nathaniel P. Barker. Abraham A. Baxter, Portus. Beaman, Fernando C. Benjamin, John F. Bergen. Tennis G. Bidwell, John. Bingham. John A. Elaine, James G. Blow, Henry T. Bout well, George S. Boyer, Benjamin M. Brandegee, Augustus. Brooks, James. Broomhall, John M. Bromvvell, H. P. H. Bucklunds, Ralph P. Bundy, Hezekiah S. Campbell, William B. Chanler, John W. Clark, Reader W. Clark, Sidney. Cobb, Amasa. Coffroth, Alexander H. Conkling, Roscoe. Cooper, Edmund. Cook, Burton C. Cullom, Shelby M. Darling, William A. Davis, Thomas F. Dawes, Henry L. Dawson, John L. Defrees, Joseph H. Delano, Columbus. Deming, Henry C. Denison, Charles. Dixon, Nathan F. Dodge, William E.I Donnelly, Ignatius. Driggs, John F. Dumont, Ebenezer. Eckley, Ephraim R. Eggleston, Benjamin. Eldridge, Charles A. Eliot-, Thomas D. Farnsworth, John F. Farquhar, John H. Ferrv, Thomas W. Finck, William E. Garlield, James A. Glaasbrenner, Adam J. Goodyear, Charles. Grider, Henry. Grinnell, Josiah B. Griswold, John A. Hale. Roberts. Harding, Aaron. Harding, Abner C. Harris, Benjamin G. Hart, Boswell. Hawkins, Isaac R. Hayes, Rutherford B. Henderson, J. H. D. Hill, Ralph. Hise, Elijah.2 Hogan, John. Holmes, Sidney. Hooper, Samuel. Hotchkiss, Giles W. Hubbard, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Demas J. Hubbard, Warner L. Hubbell, Edwin L. Hubbell, James R. Hulburd, Calvin T. Humphrey, James. Humphrey, James M. Hunter, John W.3 Ingersoll, Ebon C. Jenckes, Thomas A. Johnson, Philip. Jones, Morgan. .Tulien, George W. Kasson, John A. Kelly, William D. Kelso, John R. Kerr, Michael C. Ketcham, John H. Koontz, William H.4 Kuykendall, Andrew J. LaHin, Addison H. Latham, George R. Lawrence, George V. Lawrence, William. Le Blond, Francis C. Leftwitch, John W. Loan, Benjamin F. Longyear, John W. Lynch, John. Marshall, Samuel S. Marston, Gilnaan. Marvin, James M. Maynard, Horace. McClurg, Joseph W. McCullough, Hiram. Mclndoe, Walter D. McKee, Samuel. McRuer, Donald 0. Mercur, Ulysses. Miller, George F. Moorhead, James K. Morrill, Justin S. Morris, Daniel. Moulton, Samuel S. Myers, Leonard. Newell, William A. Niblack, William E. Nicholson, John A. Noell, Thomas E. O Neill, Charles. Orth, Godlove S. Paine, Halbert E. Patterson. James W. Perhani, Sidney. Phelps. Charles E. Pike, Fred. A. Plants, Tobias A. Pomeroy, Theodore M Price, Hiram. Radford, William. Randall, Samuel J. Randall, William H. Raymond, Henry T. Rice, Alexander H. Rice, John II. Sitter, Burwell C. Rodgers, Andrew J. Rollins, Edward H. Ross, Lewis W. liousseau, Lovell H. Sawyer, Philetus. Schenck, Robert C. Scotield, Glenni W. Shanklin, George S. Shellabarger, Samuel Sitgreaves, Charles. Sloan. Ithamar C. Smith, Green C. Spaulding. Rufus. Starr, John F. Stevens, Thaddeus. Stillwell, Thomas N. Stokes, William B. Strouse, Myer. Taber, Stephen. Taylor, Nathaniel J. Taylor, Nelson. Thayer, M. Russell. Thomas, Francis. Thomas, John L.. Jr. Thornton, Anthony. Trimble, Lawrence S. Trowbridge, R. E. Upson, Charles. Van Aernam, Henry. Van Horn, Bert. Van Horn, Robert T. Voorhees, Daniel W. W 7 ard, Andrew H.5 Ward, Hamilton. Warner, Samuel L. W r ashburn, Henry D.6 Washburn. William B. Washburne, Elihu B. Welker, Martin. Wentworth, John. Whaley, Killian V. Williams, Thomas. Wilson, James F. Wilson, Stephen F. Windom, William. Winneld. Charles H. Woodbridge, Fred. E. Wright, E. R. V. 1. Successfully contested the election of James Brooks. 2. Elected in place of Henry Grider, de ceased. 3. Elected in place of James Humphrey, deceased. 4. Successfully contested the election of A. H. Coffroth. 5. Elected in place of Green C. Smith, resigned. 6. Successfully contested the elec tion of D. W. Voorhees. Territorial Delegates. Bradford, Allen A. Burleigh, Walter A. Chaves, J. Francisco. Denny, Arthur. Goodwin, John N. Hitchcock, Phineas W. Holbrook, E. D. Hooper, William H. McLean, Samuel. THE FORTIETH CONGRESS. SENATORS. Benjamin F. Wade, President pro tern. Abbott, Joseph C. Anthony. Henry B. Bayard, James A.I Buckalew, Charles R. ( ameron, Simon. Cattell, Alexander G. Chandler, Zachariah. Cole, Cornelius. Conkling, Roscoe. ( onness, John. Corbett, Henry W. Cragin, Aaron H. Davis, Garrett. Dixon, James. Doolittle, James R. Drake, Charles D. Edmunds, George F. Ferry, Orris F. Fessenden, W. P. Fowler, Joseph S. Frelinghuysen, F. T. Grimes, Joseph W. Guthrie, James. Harlan, James. Harris, John S. Henderson, John B. Hendricks, Thomas A. Howard, Jacob M. Howe, Timothy O. Johnson, Reverdy. Kellogg. W illiam Pitt. McCreery, Thomas C.2 McDonald, Alexander. Morgan, Edwin D. Morrill, Justin S. Morrill, Lot M. Morton, Charles P. Norton, Daniel S. Nye, James W. Osborn, Thomas W. TABULAR RECORDS. Ixiii Patterson, David T. Patterson, James W. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Pool, John. Ramsey, Alexander. Rice, Benjamin F. Riddle, George R. Robertson, Thomas J. Ross, Edmnnd G. Saulshury Willard. Sawyer, Frederick A. Sherman, John. Spencer, George E. Sprague, William. Stewart, William M. 1. Appointed in place of G. R. Riddle, deceased. 2. Elected in place of James Guthrie, resigned. 3. Appointed in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned. 4. Elected in place of C. S. Hamilton, deceased. REPRESENTATIVES. Simmer, Charles. Thayer, John M. Tipton. Thomas W. Truiubuil, Lyman. Van Winkle, Peter G. Vickers, George. Wade, Benjamin F.3 Warner, Willard. Welch, Adonijah S. Whyte, W. Pinckney.4 Willey, Waitman T. Williams, George H. Wilson, Henry. Yates, Richard. Schuyler Adams, George M. Allison, William B. Ames. Oakes. Anderson, George W. Archer, Stevenson. Arnell, Samuel M. Ashley, Delos B. Ashley, James M. Axtell, Samuel B. Bailey, Alexander H.I Baker, John. Baldwin, John D. Banks, Nathaniel P. Barnes, Demas. Barnum, W. H. Beaman, Fernando C. Beatty, John. 2 Beck, James B. Benjamin, John F. Benton, Jacob. Bingham, John A. Blaine, James G. Blair, Austin. Blackburn, W. Jasper. Boles, Thomas. Boutwell, George S. Bowen, C. C. Boyden, Nathaniel. Boyer, Benjamin M. Bromwell, H. P. H. Brooks, James. Broomall, John M. Buckland, Ralph P. Buckley, Charles W. Burr, Albert G. Butler, Benjamin F. Butler, Roderick R. Cake, Henry L. Callis, John B. Carey, Samuel F.3 Chanler, John W. Churchill, John C. Clark, Reader W. Clark, Sidney. Clift, Joseph W. Cobb, Amasa. Coburn, John. Cook, Burton C. Corley, Simeon. Cornell, Thomas. Covode, John. Cullom, Shelby M. Dawes, Henry L. Colfax, Speaker. Delano, Columbus. 4 Denison, Charles. Dervees, John T. Dickey, Oliver J.5 Dixon, Nathaniel F. Dockery, Oliver H. Dodge, Greenville M. Donnelly, Ignatius. Driggs, Johii T. Eckley, Ephraim R. Edwards, W. P. Elax, Jacob H. Elbridge, Charles A. Eggleston, Benjamin. Eliot, Thomas D. Elliott, James F.6 Farnsworth, John F. Ferris, Orange. Ferry, Thomas W. Fields, William C. Fox, John. French, John R. Garfield, James A. Getz, J. Lawrence. Glossbrenner, Adam J. Golladay, Jacob S.7 Goss, James H. Gravely, Josiah J. Griswold, John A. Grove, Samuel F. Grover, Asa P. Haight, Charles. Halsey, George A. Hamilton, Charles M. Hamilton, Cornelius S. Harding, Abner C. Haughey, Thomas. Hawkins, Isaac R. Hayes, Rutherford B. Heaton, David. Higbv, William. Hill, "John. Hinds, James. Hoi man, William S. Hopkins, Benjamin F. Hotchkiss, Julius. Hooper, Samuel. Hubbard, Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, Richard D. Hulburd, Calvin T. Humphrey, James M. Hunter, Morton C. Ingersoll, Ebon C. Jen ekes, Thomas A. Johnson, James A. Jones, Alexander H. Jones, Thomas L. Tudd, Norman B. Julien, George W. Kelly, William D. Kellogg, Francis W. Kelsey, William H. Kerr, Michael C. Ketoham, John H. Kitchen, Bethuel M. Knott, J. Proctor. Koontz, William H. Laflin, Addison H. Lash, Israel G. Lawrence, G. V. Lawrence, William. Lincoln, William S. Loan, Benjamin F. Logan, John A. Loughridge, William. Lynch, John. Mallory, Rufus. Mann, James. Marshall, Samuel S. Marvin, James M. Maynard, Horace. McCarthy. Dennis. McClurg, Joseph W. McCormick, James R.8 McC ullough, Hiram. MoKee, Samuel. Mercur. Ulysses. Miller, George F. Moore, W. Moorhead, James K. Morgan, George W. Morrell, Daniel J. Morrissey, John. Mullins, James. M unger, William. Myers, Leonard. New comb, Gormen A. Newsham, Joseph P. Niblack, William E. Nicholson. John A. Noell, Thomas E. Norris, Benjamin W. Nunn, David A. O Neill, Charles. Orth, Godlove S. Paine, Halbert E. Perham, Sidney. Peters. John A. Pettis, Newton S.9 Phelps, Charles E. Pierce, Charles W. Pike, Frederick A. Pile, William A. Plants, Tobias A. Poland. Luke P. Polsley, Daniel. Pomeroy, Theodore M. Price, Hiram. Prince, Charles H. Pruyn, J. V. L. Randall, Samuel J. Raum, Green B. Robertson, William H. Robinson, William E. Roots, Logan H. Ross, Lewis W. Sawyer, Philetus. Schenck, Robert C. Schofield, GlenniW. Selye. Lewis. Shanks, J. R. C. Shellabarger, Samuel. Sitgreaves, Charles. Smith, Worthington C. Spalding, Rufus P. Starkweather, Henry H. Stevens, Aaron F. Stevens, Thomas. Stewart, Thomas E. Stokes, William B. Stone, Frederick. Stover, John H.10 Sypher, J. H. Taber, Stephen. Taffe, John. Taylor, Caleb N. Thomas, Francis. Tift, Nelson. Trowbridge, R. E. Trimble, Lawrence S. Trimble, John. Twichell, Ginery. Upon, Charles. Vau Aernam, Henry. Van Auken. Daniel M. Van Horn, Burt. Van Horn, Robert T. Van Trump, Philadelphia Van Wyck, Charles H. Vidal, Michael. Ward, Hamilton. Washburn, C. C. Washburn. Henry D. Washburn, William B. Washburne, Elihu B. Welker, Martiu. Whittemore, B. F. Williams, Thomas. Williams, William. Wilson, James F. Wilson, John T. Wilson. Stephen F. Windon, William. Wood. Fernando. Woodbridge, Fred E. Woodward, George W. 11 Young, P. M. B. 1. Elected in place of Roscoe Conkling, elected Senator. 2. Elected in place of C. S. Hamilton, deceased. 3. Elected in place of Rutherford B. Hayes, resigned. 4. Successfully contested the elec tion of George W. Morgan. 5. Elected in place of Thaddeus Stephens, deceased. 6. Elected in place of James Hinds, deceased. 7. Elected in place of Elijah Hill, deceased. 8. Elected in placeof Thomas E. Noell, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Darwin Finney, deceased. 10. Elected in place of J. W. McClurg, resigned. 11. Elected in place of Charles Denison, deceased. Ixir TABULAK KECUKDS. Territorial Delegates. Boyd, Sempronius H. Hoar, George F. Bashford Coles. Clever, Charles P. Bnrleigh, Walter A. Flanders, Al van. Cavanaugh, James M. Holbrook, E. D. Chilcott, George M. Hooper, William M. Brooks, George M.2 Brooks, James. Buck, Alfred E. Buckley, Charles W. Buffington, James. Hoag, Truman H. Hoge, Solomon L. Holmes, Charles H.6 Holman, William S. Hooper, Samuel. THE FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Burchard, Horatio C.3 Hopkins, Benjamin F. Burdet, Samuel S. Hotchkiss, Giles W. SENATORS. Burr, Albert G. Ingersoll, Ebon C. Schuyler Colfax, Vice-Pre*idi )it. Butler, Benjamin F. Jenckes, Thomas A. Abbott, Joseph C. McDonald, Alexander. Ames, Adelbert. Miller, H. V. M. Butler, Roderick R. Cake, Henry L. Johnson, James A. Jones, Alexander H. Anthony, Henry B. Morrill, Justin S. Calkins, Henry C. Jones, Thomas L. Bayard, Thomas F.I Morrill, Lot M. 5 Cesna, Jol n. Judd, Norrnan B. Blair, Francis P., Jr.2 Morton, Oliver P. Churchill, John C. Julien, George W. Boreman, Arthur I. Norton, Daniel S. Clark, Sidney. Kellogg, Stephen W. Brownlow, William G. Nye, James W. Clark, William T. Kelly, William D. Buckingham, W. A. Osborn, Thomas W. Cleveland, Orestes. Kelsey, William H. Cameron, Simon. Patterson, James W. Cobb, Amasa. Kerr, Michael C. Carpenter, Martin H. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Cobb, Clinton L. Ketchain, John H. Casserly, Eugene. Pool, John. Coburn, John. Knapp, Charles. Cattell, Alexander G. Pratt, Daniel D. Conger, Omar D. Knott, J. Proctor. Chandler, Zachariah. Ramsey, Alexander. Connor, John C. Laflin, Addison IF. Cole, Cornelius. Revels, Hiram R. Cook, Burton C. Last, Israel G. Conkling, Roscoe. Rice, Benjamin F. Corker, Stephen A. Lawrence, William. Corbett. Henry W. Robertson, Thomas J. Covode, John. Lewis, Joseph H.7 Cragin. Aaron H. Ross, Edmund G. Cowles, George W. Logan, John A. Davis, Garrett. Saulsbury, Willard. Cox, Samuel S. Long, Jefferson F. Drake, Charles D. Sawyer, Frederick A. Culloru, Shelby M. Loughridge, William. Edmunds, George F. Schurz, Carl. Cubs, John M. Lynch, John. Fenton. Reuben E. Scott, John. Darrell, Chester B. Manning, John, Jr. Ferry, Orris F. Sherman John. Davis, Noah. Marshall, Samuel S. Fessenden, William P. Spencer, George E. Dawes, Henry L. May ham, Stephen L. Flannagan, J. W. Sprague, William. Degener, Edward. Maynard, Horace. Fowler, Joseph S. Stearnes, Ozora P. 6 Dewees, John F. McCarthy, Dennis. Gilbert, Abijah. Stewart, William M. Dickey, Oliver J. McCormick, James R. Grimes, James W. Stockton, John P. Dickenson, Ed. F. McCrary, George W. Hamilton, Morgan C. Sumner, Charles. Dixon, Joseph. 4 McGrew, James C. Hamilton, William T.3 Thayer, John M. Dixon, Nathaniel F. McKee, George C. Hamlin, Hannibal. Thurman, Allen G. Dockery, Oliver H. McKenzie, Lewis. Harlan, James. Tipton, Thomas W. Douley, Joseph B. McNeely, Thompson W. Harris, John S. Trumbull, Lyman. Dox, Peter M. Mercur, Ulysses. Hill, Joshua. Vickers, George. Duke, B. T. W.5 Milnes, William, Jr. Howell, James B.4 Warner, Willard. Duval, Isaac H. Moffet, John. Howard, Jacob M. Willey, Waitman T. Dyer, David P. Moore, Eliakim H. Howe, Timothy O. Williams, George H. El a, Jacob H. Moore, Jesse H. Johnston, John W. Wilson, Henry. Eldridge. Charles A. Moore, William. Kellogg, William P. Windom, William.7 Farnsworth, John F. Morey, Frank. Lewis, John F. Yates, Richard. Ferriss, Orange. Morgan, George W. McCreery, Thorn as C. Ferry, Thomas W. Morphis, Joseph L. 1. Elected in place of G. R. Riddle, deceased. Finkelnburg, G. A. Morrell, Daniel W. 2. Elected in place of C. D. Drafre, resigned. 3. Fisher, John. Morrill, Samuel 1*. Elected in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned. Fitch, Thomas. Morrissey, John. 4. Elected in place of J. W. Grimes, resigned. 5. Ap pointed in place of W. P. Fessenden, deceased. Fox, John. Garfield, James A. Mungen, William. Myers, Leonard. 8 6. Elected in place of D. S. Norton, deceased. 7. Ap Getz, Lawrence. Negley, James S. pointed in place of D. S. Norton, deceased. Gibson, James K. Newsham, John P. 9 Gilfillan, Calvin W. Niblack, William E. REPRESENTATIVES. Golladay, J. S. O Neill, Charles. James G. Elaine, Speaker. Greene, George W. Orth, Godlove S. Adams, George M. Beaman, Fernando C. Griswold, John A. Packard, Jasper. Allison, William B. Heatty, John. Haight, Charles. Packer, John B. Ambler, Jacob A. Beck, James B. Haldeinan, Richard J. Paine, Halbert E. Ames, Oakes. Benjamin, John F. Hale, Eugene. Paine, William W. Archer, Stevenson. Bennett, David S. Hambleton. Samuel. Palmer, Frank W. Armstrong, William H. Benton, Jacob. Hamill, Patrick. Peck, Erasmut; D.10 Arnell, Samuel M. Bethune, Marion. Hamilton. Charles W. Perce, Legrand W. Asper, Joel F. Biggs, Benjamin T. Harris. George E. Peters, John A. Atwood, David. Bingham, John A. Hawkins, Isaac R. Phelps, Darwin. Axtell, Samuel B.I Bird, John T. Hawley, John B. Platt, James H. Ayer, Richard S. Blair, Austin. Hay, John B. Poland, Lnke P. Bailey, Alexander H. Boles, Thomas. Hays, Charles. Pomeroy, Charles. Banks, Nathaniel P. Booker, George W. Heflin, Roberts. Porter, Charles H. Barn urn, William H. Boutwell, George S. Heston, David. Potter, Clarkson N. Barry, Henry W. Bowen, C. C. Hill, John. Price, William H. TABULAR RECORDS. Prosser, William F. Sypher, J. Hale. Ferry, Thomas W. Pool, John. Rainey, Joseph H.ll Taflfe, John. Flanagan, James W. Pratt, Daniel D. Randall, Samuel J. Tanner, Adolphus H. Frelinghuysen, F. T. Ramsey, Alexander. Reading, John R. Taylor, Caleb N. 1:2 Gilbert, Abijah. Ransom, Mat W. Reeves, Henry A. Tillman, Lewis. Goldthwaite, George. Rice, Benjamin F. Rice, John M. Townsend, Washington. Hamilton, Morgan C. Robertson, Thomas J. Ridgway, Robert. Trimble, Lawrence. Hamilton, William T. Saulsbury, Eli. Rogers, A. A. C. Twichell, Ginery. Hamlin, Hannibal. Sawyer, Fred A. Roots, Logan H. Tyner, James A. 13 Harlan, James. Schurz, Carl. Sanford, Stephen. Upson, William H. Hill, Joshua. Scott, John. Sargeant, Aaron A. Van Auken, Daniel M. Hitchcock, Phineas W. Sherman, John. Sawyer, Philetus. Van Horn, Robert T. Howe, Timothy O. Spencer, Georue E. Schenck, Robert C. Van Trump, Philadelph. Johnson, John W. Sprague, William Scofield, Glenni W. Van Wyck, Charles H. Kelly, John K. Stevenson, John W. Schumaker, John G. Voorhees, Daniel W. [ Kellogg, William P. Stewart, William M. Shanks, John P. C. Wallace, Alexander S. Lewis, John F. Stockton, John P. Sheldon, Lionel A. Ward, Hamilton. Logan, John A. Snmner, Charles. Sheldon, Porter. Washburn, C. C. Machen, Willis B.I Tipton, Thomas \V. Sherrod, William C. Washburn, William P>. Morrill, Justin S. Trumbull, Lyman. Shober, Francis E. Washburne, Elihu B. Morrill, Lot M. Thurman, Allen G. Slocum, Henry W. Welker, Martin. Morton, Oliver P. Vickers, George. Smith, John A. Wells, Erastus. Norwood, Thomas M. West, J. Rodman. Smith, Joseph S. Wheeler, William A. Nye, James W. Wilson, Henry. Smith, William J. Whiteley, Richard H. Osborn, Thomas W. Windom, William. Smith, Worthington C. Whitmore, George W. Patterson, James W. Wright, George G. Smyth, William. Wilkinson, Morton S. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Starkweather, Henry H. Willard, Charles W. 1. Appointed in place of G. Davis, deceased. Stevens, Aaron T. Williams, William. Stevenson, Job E. Wilson, Eugene M. REPRESENTATIVES. Stiles, John D. Wilson, John T. James G. Btaine, Speaker. Stokes. William B. Winans, James J. Acker, Ephraim L. Connor, James C. Stone, Frederick. Winchester, Boyd. Adams, George M. Cook, Burton C. Stoughton. William L. Witcher, John S. Ambler, Jacob A. Cotton, Aylett R. Strader, Peter W. Whittemore, B. Frank. Ames, Oakes. Cox, Samuel S. Strickland, Randolph. Wood, Fernando. Archer, Stevenson* Crebs, John M. Strong, Julius L. Woodward, George W. Arthur, William E. Creely, John N. Swan, Thomas. Young, P. M. B. Averill, John T. Critcher, John. Sweeney, William N. Banks, N. P. Crocker. Alvah.5 1. Elected in place of B. F. Hopkins, resigned. Barber, J. Allen. Grassland, Edward. 2. Elected in place of George S. Boutwell, resigned. Barnum, William H. Darrell, Chester B. 3. Elected in place of E. B. Washburne, resigned. Barry, Henry W. Daris, John J. 4. Elected in place of D. Heaton, deceased. 5. Elect Beatty, John. Dawes, Henry L. ed in place of Robt. Ridgway, deceased. 6. Elected Beck, Erasmus W.I DeLarge, Robert C. iu place of Noah Davis, resigned. 7. Elected in Beck, James B. Dickey, Oliver J. place of J. S. Golladay, resigned. 8. Successfully Bell, Samuel N. Dodds, Orzo T.6 contested the election of John Moifet. 9. Successfully Beveridge, John L. Donan, William G. contested the seat of Michael Ryan. 10. Elected in Bigby, John S. Dox, Peter M. place of Truman Hoag, deceased. 11. Elected in Biggs, Benjamin T. DuBoise, Dudley M. place of B. F. Whittemore. 12. Successfully con Bingham, John A. Duell, R. H. tested the election of John B. Reading. 13. Elected Bird, John T. Duke, R. T. W. in place of D. D. Pratt, elected Senator. Blair, Austin. Dunnell, Mark H. Territorial Delegates. Bradford, Allen A. McCormick, Robert C. Cavanaugh, James M. Nuckolls, Stephen F. Blair, James G. Boarman, Aleck.2 Boles, Thomas. 3 Braxton, E. M. Eames, Benjamin T. Edwards, John. Eldred Charles A. Elliott, Robert B. Chaves, J. Francisco. Shafer, Jacob K. Garnelde, Selucius. Spink, S. L. Bright, John M. Brooks. George M. Ely, Smith, Jr. Esty, C. C.7 Hooper, William H. Brooks, James. Farnsworth, John T. THE FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Buckley, Charles W. BufBngton, James. Farwell, Charles B. Finkelnburg, G. A. SENATORS. Burchard, Horatio C. Forker, Samuel C. Schuyler Colfit.c, Vice-President. Burdett, Samuel S. Burnell, Frank C.4 Foster, Charles. Foster, H. D. Alcorn, James N. Chandler, Zachariah. Butler, Benjamin F. Foster, Wilder D.8 Ames, Adelbert. Clayton, Powell. Butler, R. R. Frye, William P. Anthony, Henry B. Cole, Cornelius. Caldwell, Robert P. Garfield, James A. Bayard, Thomas F. Conkling, Roscoe. Campbell, Lewis D. Garrett, Abraham E. Blair, F. P., Jr. Cooper, Henry. Carroll, John M. Getz, Lawrence. Boreman, Arthur I. Corbett, Henry W. Clark, William T. Giddings, DeWitt C.9 Brownlow, William G. Cragin, Aaron H. Clarke, Freeman. Golladay, Edward S. Buckingham, William A. Davis, Garrett. Cobb, Clinton L. Goodrich, Milo. Caldwell, Alexander. Davis, Henry C. Coburn, John M. Griffith, Samuel. Cameron, Simon. Edmunds, George F. Coughlan, John M. Haldeman, Richard J. Carpenter, Matt H. Fenton, Reuben E. Comingo, Abram. Hale, Eugene. Casserly, Eugene. Ferry Orris F. Conger, Omar D. Halsey, George A. e TABULAR RECORDS. Hambletou, Samuel. Hancock, John. Hajjdiey, William A. Hanks, James. HarOT, Alfred C. Harper, James C. Harris, George E. Hrria, John T. Havens, H. E. Hawley, John B. Hwley, Joseph H.lo Hay, John B. Hays, Charles. Hazelton, Gerry W. Hazelton, John W. Hereford, Frank. Hernden, "William S. Hibbard, E. A. Hill, John. Hnr, George F. Hoi man, William S. Hooper, Samuel. Houghton, Sherman < >. Kellogg, Stephen W. Kelly, William D. Kendall, Charles W. Kerr, Michael C. Ketcham, John H. Killinger, John W. King, Andrew. Kinsella, Thomas. Lamison, Charles L. Lamport, William H. Lansing, William E. Leach, John M. Lewis, Joseph H. Lowe, D. P. Lynch. John. Man*<, Mahlon D. Marshall, S. S. Maynard, Horace. McClelland, William. McConnick, James R. McCrary, George W. McGrew, James C. McHenrv, Henry D. Mclntire, A. T. McJtmkin, Ebenezer. McKee, George C. McKinney, John F. McNeeley, T. W. Mercer, Ulysses S. Merriam Charles L. Merrick, William M. Mitchell, Alexander. Monroe, James. Moore, Jesse. Morey, Frank. Morphis, Joseph L. Morgan, George W. Myers, Benjamin T. Myers, Leonard. Negley. James S. Niblack, Silas N.ll Niblack, William E. Orr, Jackson. P;*ckard, Jasper. P.icker, John B. P.klraer, Frank W. Parker, Hosea W Parker, Isaac. Peck, Erasmus D. Pendleton, Jame-; M. Peiee, Legrand W. Petty, Aaron F. Perry, Eli, Wells, Erastus. Williams, William. Peters, John A. Wheeler, William A. Wilson, Jeremiah M. Platt, James H.. Jr. Whiteley, Richard H. Wilson, John T. Poland, Luke P. Whitthorn, W. C. Winchester, Boyd. Porter, Charles H. Willard, Charles W. Wood, Fernando. Potter, Clarkson N. Williams, William. Young, P. M. B. Price, William P. 1. Elected in place of T. J. Speer, deceased. 2. Prindle, Elizur H. Elected in place of J. McCleary, deceased. 3. Suc Rainey, Joseph H. cessfully contested the election of John Edwards. Randall, Samuel J. 4. Elected in place of U. S. Mercur, resigned. 5. Read, William IS. Elected in place of W. B. Washburn, resigned. 6. Rice, Edward J. Elected in place of A. F. Perry, resigned. 7. Elected Rice, John M. in place ofG. M. Brooks, resigned. 8. Elected in Ritchie, John O. place of T. W. Ferry, elected Senator. 9. Success Roberts, Ellis H. fully contested the election of W. T. Clark. 10. Roberts, William R. Elected in place of J. L. Strong, deceased. 11. Robinson, James C. Successfully contested the election of J. T. Walls. Rogers, John. Rogers, Sion H. Territorial Delegates. Roosevelt, Robert B. Armstrong, Moses K. Garfielde, Selucius. Rusk, Jeremiah M. Chaffee, Jerome B. Hooper, William H. Sargeant, Aaron A. Chipman, N. P. Jones, W. T. Sawyer, Philetus. Claggett, William H. McCormick, R. C. Scofield, Glenni W. Gallegos, Jose M. Merritt, Samuel H. Seeley, John E. Sessions, Walter L. THE FORTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Shanks, John P. C. SENATORS. Sheldon, Lionel A. Shellabarger, Samuel. Henry Wilson, Vice-President. Sherwood, Henrv. Alcorn, James L. Howe, Timothy O. Shober, Francis E. Allison, William B. Ingalls, John J. Shoemaker, L. D. Ames, Adelbert. Johnson, John W. Slater, James H. Anthony, Henry B. Jones, John V. Slocum, Henry W. Bayard, Thomas T. Kelly, James K. Sloss, James H. Bogy, Lewis B. Lewis, John F. Smith, Horace B. Boreman, Anthony. Logan, John A. Smith, John A. Boutwell, George S.I McCreery, Thomas C. Smith, Worthington C. Brownlow. William G. Merrimon, A. S. Snapp, Henry. Buckingham, William A. Mitchell, John H. Snyder, Oliver P. Caldwell, Alexander. Morrill, Justin S. Speer, R. Milton. Cameron, Simon. Morrill, Lot M. Speer, Thomas J. Carpenter. Matt. H. Morton, Oliver P. Sprague, William P. Casserly, Eugene. Norwood, Thomas M. Starkweather, Henry 1 1 . Chandler, Zachariah. Oglesby, Richard J. Stevens, Bradford M. Clayton. Powell. Patterson, John J. Stevenson, Job C. Conkling, Roscoe. Pease, Henry R.6 St. John, Charles. Couover, Simon B. Pratt, Daniel D. Stover, John B. Cooper, Henry. Ramsey, Alexander. Stoughton, William L. Cragin, Aaron H. Ransom, Matt. W. Stowell, W. H. H. Crozier, Robert. 2 Robertson, Thomas J. Strong, Julius L. Davis. Henry G. Sargeant. Aaron A. Sutherland, Jabez G. Dennis, George R. Saulsbnry, Eli. Swann, Thomas. Dorsey, Stephen W. Scott, John. Sypher, J. Hale. Eaton, William W.3 Schurz, Carl. Taffee, John. Edmunds, George F. Sherman, John. Terry, William. Fenton, Reuben E. Spencer, George E. Thomas, Charles R. Ferry, Orris F. Sprague, William. Townsend, Dwight. Ferry, Thomas W. Stevenson, John W. Townsend, Washington. Flannagan, James W. Stewart, William M. Tuthill, Joseph H. Frelinghuyseh, F. T. Stockton, John P. Turner, Benjamin S. Gilbert, Abijah. Sumner, Charles. Tyner, James N. Goldthwaite, George. Thurinan, Allen G. Twichell, Ginery. Gordon, John B. Tipton, Thomas W. Upson, William H. Hager, John S.4 Wadleigh, Bainbridge. Van Trump, Philadelph. Hamilton, Morgan C. Washburn, William B.7 Vaughn, William W. Hamilton, William F. West, J. Rodman. Vorhees, Daniel W. Hamlin, Hannibal. Windom, William. Waddell, Alfred M. Harvey, James. 5 Wright, George G. Wakeman, Seth. Hitchcock, Phiueas W. Walden, Madison M. 1. Elected in place of Henry Wilson, resigned. Waldron, Henry. 2. Appointed in place of Alexander Caldwell, re Wallace, Alexander S. signed. 3. Appointed in place of W. A. Bucking Walls, Josiah T. ham, deceased. 4. Elected in place of Eugene Cas Warren, Joseph M. serly, resigned. 5. Elected in place of Alexander W ashburn, William B. Caldwell, resigned. 6. Elected in place of A.delbert TABULAR RECORDS. Ixvil Ames, resigned. 7. Elected in place of Charles Sum- ner, deceased. REPRESENTATIVES. James G. Adams, George M. Albert, William J. Albright, Charles. Archer. Stevenson. Arthur, William E. Ashe, Thomas S. Atkins, John D. C. Averill, John T. Banning, Henry B. Barber, J. Allen. Barrere, Granville. Barnum, William H. Barry, Henry W. Bass, Lyman K. Beck, James B. Begole, Josiah W. Bell, Hiram P. Berry, John. Biery, James S. I .land, Richard P. Biount, James H. Bowen, Reese T. Bradley, Nathaniel B. Bright, John M. Bi omberg, Fred. G. Brown, John Y. J .uekner, Aylett K. Buflington, James. Bui-chard, Horatio C. Bu.-leigh, John H. Bund} r , Hezekiah S. Burrows, Julius C. Butler, Benjamin F. Butler, R. R. Cain, Richard H. ( aid well, John H. Cannon. Joseph G. ( nrpenter, Lewis G. 1 Cason, Thomas J. Caulfield, Bernard G.2 Cessna, John. ChitteudeiJ, Simeon B.3 Clark. Ames, Jr. Clark, Freeman. Clark, John B., Jr. Clayton, Charles. Clements, Isaac. Clymer, Heister. Cobb, Clinton L. Cobb, Stephen A. ( oburn, John. Comingo, Abram. Conger, Omar D. Cook, Philip. Corwin, Franklin. Cotton, Aylett R. Cox, Samuel S. Creamer, Thomas J. Crittenden, Thomas T. Crocker, Alvah. Crooke, Philip S. Grassland, Edward. Crownse, Lorenzo. Crutchfield, William. Curtis, Carleton B. Dauford, Lorenzo. Darrell, Chester B. Davis, Alexander M. Davis, John J. Dawes, Henry T,. Blaitie, Speaker. De Witt, David M. Dobbins, Samuel A. Donuan, William G. Duell, R. Holland. Dtmnell, Mark H. Durham, Milton J. Eanies, Benjamin T. Eden, John R. Eldridge, Charles R. Elliott, Robert D. Farwell, Charles B. Field, Moses W. Finck, William E.4 Fort. Greenburg L. Foster, Charles. Freeman, James C. Frj-e, William P. Garfield, James A. Giddings, De Witt C. Glover, John M. Gooch, Daniel W. Gunckel, Lewis B. Guuter, Thomas M.5 Hagans, John M. Hale, Eugene. Hale, Robert S. Hamilton. Robert. Hancock. John. Harmer, Alfred C. Harris, Benjamin W. Harris. Henry R. Harris, John T. Harrison. Horace H. Hatcher, Robert A. Hathorn, H. H. Havens, Harrison E. Hawley, Johi, B. Hawley, Joseph R. Hays, Charles. Hazeltou, Gerry W. Hazel ton, John W. Hereford, Frank. Hendee, John W. Herndon. William S. Hersey, Samuel F. Hoar, E. Kockwood. Hoar, George F. Hodges. Asa. Hoi man. William S. Hooper, Samuel. Hoskins. George C. Houghton. Sherman D. Howe, Albert R. Hubbell, Jay A. Hunter, Morton C. Hurlbut, Stephen A. Hutton, Eppa. Hyde, Ira B. Hynes, William J. Jewett, Hugh J. Kasson, John A. Kelly, William D. Kellogg, Stephen W. Kendall, Charles W. Killinger, John W. Knapp, Robert M. Lamar, L. Q. C. Lamport, William H. Lamison, Charles N. Lansing. William E. Lawrence, William. Lawson, John D. Leach, James M. Lewis, Barbour. Lofland. James R. _ Loughridge. William, j Lowe, D. P. | Lowndes. Lloyd, Jr. Luttrell, John K. Lynch, John R. Magee, John A. Marshall, S. S. Martin, James S. Maynard, Horace. McCrary, George W. McDill, Alexander S. McDill, James W. McDougall, Clinton IX McJunkin, Ebenezer. McKee, George C. McLean, William 1 . McNulty, John. Mellish, David B. Merriam, Clinton L. Milliken, Charles W. Mills, Roger Q. Mitchell, Alexander. Monroe. James. Moore, William S. Morey, Frank. Morrison, William R. Myers Leonard. Neal, Lawrence T. Negley, James S. Nesmith. James W. Xiblack, William E. Niles, Jason. Nunn, David A. O Brien, William J. O Neill, Charles. Orr, Jackson. Orth, Godlove S. Packer, John B. Packard, Jasper. Page, Horace F. Parker, Hosea W. Parker, Isaac C. Parsons, Richard C. Pelham, Charles. Pendleton, James M. Perry, Eli. Phelps, William W. Phillips, William A. Pierce, Henry L. Pike. Austin F. Platt, James H.. Jr. Platt, Thomas C. Poland, Luke P. Potter, Clarkson N. Pratt, Henry O. Purman, William J. Rainey, Joseph H. Randall, Samuel J. Ransier, Alonzo J. Rapier, James T. Rawles, Morgan. Ray, William H. . Reed, William B. Rice, John B. Richmond, H. L. Robbins, William M. Roberts, Ellis H. Roberts, William R. Robinson, James C. Robinson, James W. Ross, Sobeiski. Rusk, Jeremiah M. Sawyer, Philetus. Sayler, Henry B. Sayler, Milton. Schell, Richard. (> Schumaker, John G. Scofield, Glenni W. Scudder, Henry L. Scudder, Isaac W. Sener, James B. Session, Walter L. Shanks, John P. C. Sheats, Chris. C. Sheridan, George A. Sherwood, Isaac. Sheldon, Lionel A. Shoemaker, L D. Sloan, Andrew. 7 Small, William B. Smart, James S. Smith, A. Herr. Smith, George L. Smith, H. Boardman. Smith, J. Ambler. Smith, John Q. Smith, William. Snydor. Oliver P. Southard, Milton. Speer, R. Milton. Sprague, William P. Stanard, Edwin O. Standiford, Elisha D. Starkweather, H. H. Stephens, A. H. Stephens, Charles A.8 St. John, Charles. Stone, William H. Storm. John B. Stowell. William H. H. Strait, Horace B. Strawbridge, J. D. Swann, Thomas. Svpher, J. Hale. Taylor, Alexander W. Thomas, Charles R. Thomas, Chris. Y.9 Thompson. John M.10 Thornbergh. Jacob M. Todd, Lemuel. Townsend, Washington. Tremaine, Lyman. Tyner, James N. Vance. Robert V. Waddell, Alfred M. Waldron, Henry. Wallace. Alexander S. Walls, Josiah T. Ward, Jasper D. Ward, Marcus L. Wells, Erastus. Wheeler, William A. White, Alexander. Whiteliead, Thomas. Whitehouse, John O. Whiteley, Richard H. Whitthorn, W. C. Wilber, David. Willard, Charles W. Willard, George. Willie, Asa H. Williams, Charles G. Williams, John M. S. Williams, William. Williams, William B 11 Ixviii TABULAR RECORDS. Wilson, Ephraim K. Wood, Fernando. Ainsworth. L. L. Ellis, E. J. Wilson, James. Woodford, Stewart L. Anderson. W. B. Ely, Smith, Jr. Wilson, Jeremiah M. Wood worth, L. D. Ashe, T. S. Evans, J. L. Wiltshire, William W. Young, John D. Atkins, J. D. C. Farwell, C. B. Wolfe, Simon K. Young, P. M. B. Bagby, J. C. Faulkner, C. J. 1. Elected in place of R. B. Elliott, resigned. 2. Elected in place of John B. Rice, deceased. Bagley, George A. Bagley, J. H., Jr. Felton, W. H. Field, David Dudley. 4 3. Elected in place of S. L. Woodford, resigned. Baker, J. H. Finley, Jesse J.5 4. Elected in place of II. J. Jewett, resigned. 5. Sue cessfully contested the election of W. W. Wiltshire. <>. Elected in place of D. B. Mellish, deceased. 7. Baker, W. H. Ballon, L. W. Banks, Nathaniel P. Flye, Edwin. 6 Forney, W. H. Fort, G. L. Successfully contested the election of M. Rawles. Barnnm. W. H. Foster, Charles. 8. Elected in place of Alvah Crocker, deceased. Banning, H. B. Franklin, B. J. 9. Successfully contested the election of A. M. Davis. Bass, L. K. Freeman, Chapman. 10. Elected in place of Eli Junkin, resigned. 11. Beebe, G. M. Frost, R. S. Elected in place of W. D. Foster, deceased. Belford, James B. 13-1 c< XT Frye, W. P. 1^-1-1 n <a** ~P c Territorial Delegates. rSeil, ft. IN. Blaine, James G. runer, r>. n. Gause, L. C. Armstrong, Moses K. Hailey, John. Blair, H. W. Garlield, Jame..; A. Cannon, Georgo Q. Maginnis, Martin. Blackburn. J. C. S. Gibson, R. L. Chaffee, Jerome B. McCormick, R. C. Bland, R. P. Glover, J. M. Chipman, N. P. McFadden, O. B. Bliss, A. M. Goode, John, Jr. Elkins, Stephen B. Steele, William R. Blount, J. H. Goodin, J. R. THE FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Boone, A. R. Bradford, Taul. Gunter, T. M. Hale, Eugene. SENATORS. Bradley, N. B. Hamilton, A. H. T. W. Ferry, President, pro tern. Bright, J. M. Hamilton, Robert. Alcorn, James L. Ingalls, John T. Brown, J. Y. Hancock, John. Allison, William B. Johnson, John W. Brown, W. R. Haralson, Jere. Anthony, Henry B. Jones, Charles W. Buckner, A. H. Hardenberg, A. A. Bailey, James E.I Jones, John P. Burchard. H. C. Harris, B. W. Barnum, William H.2 Kelly, James K. Burchard, S. D. Harris, H. R. Bayard, Thomas F. Kernan, Francis. Burleigh, J. H. Harris, J. T. Elaine, James G.3 Key, David M. Buttz, Charles W.2 Harrison, C. H. Bogy, Lewis V. Logan, John A. Cabell, G. C. Hartridge, Julian. Booth, Newton. McCreery, Thomas f. Caldwell. J. H. Hartzell, William. Boutwell, George S. McDonald. Joseph E. Caldwell, W. P. Hatcher, R. A. Bruce, Blanche K. McMillan, Samuel J. R. Campbell, Alex. Hathorn, H. H. Burnside, Ambrose E. Maxey, Samuel B. Candler, M. A. Haymond, W. S. Cameron, Angus. Merrimon, A. S. Cannon, J. G. Hays, Charles. Cameron, Simon. Mitchell, John J. Carr, Nathan T.3 Hendee. G. W. Chaftee, Jerome B. Morrill, Justin S. Cason, T. J. Henkle, E. J. Caperton, Allen T. Morrill, Lot M. Caswell, L. L. Henderson, T. J. Christiancy, Isaac P. Morton, Oliver P. Cate, G. W. Hereford, F ran :. Clayton, Powell. Norwood, Thomas M. Caulrield, B. G. Hewitt, A. S. Cockrell, Francis M. Oglesby, Richard B. Chittenden. S. B. Hewitt, G. W. Conkling, Roscoe. Paddock, Algernon S. Chapin, C. W. Hill, Benjamin II. Conover, Simon B. Patterson, John J. Clark, J. B.. Jr. Hoar, G. F. Cooper,Henry. Randolph. Theodore F. Clarke, J. B. Hoge, S. L. Cragin, Aaron H. Ransom, Matt W. Clymer, Heister. Holman, W. S. Davis, Henry G. Robertson, Thomas J. Cochrane, A. G. Hooker, Charles E. Dawes, Henry L. Sargent, Aaron A. Collins, F. D. Hopkins, J. H. Dennis, George R. Saulsbury, Eli. Conger, O. D. Hoskins, G. G. Dorsey, Stephen W. Sharon, William. Cook, Philip. House, J. F. Eaton, William W. Sherman, John. Cowan, J. P. Hubbell, J. A. Edmunds, George F. Spencer, George E. Cox, S. S. Humphreys, Andrew. 7 English, James E. Stevenson, John W. Crapo, William W. Hunter, M. C. Frelinghuysen, F. T. Teller, Henry M. Crounse, Lorenzo. Tlunton, Eppa. Goldthwaite, George. TIYurman, Allen G. Culbertson, I). B. Kurd, F. H. Gordon, John B. Wadleigh, Brainbridge. Cutler, A. W. Hurlbut, S. A. Hamilton, Morgr.n C. Wallace, William A. Dan ford. Lorenzo. Hyman, J. A. Hamlin, Hannili 1. West, J. R. Darrall, Chester B. Jenks, G. A. Harvey, James M. Whyte. William Pinkuey. Davis, Joseph J. Jones, Frank. Hereford, Frank. 4 Windom, William. Davis, John M. Jones, T. L. Hitchcock. Phineas W. Withers, Robert E. DeBolt, R. A. Joyce, C. H. Howe, Timothy O. Wright, George G. Denison, D. C. Kasson, J. A. 1. Elected in place of Andrew Johnson, deceased. Dibrell. G. G. Kehr, E. C. 2. Elected in place of Orris S. Ferry, deceased. 3. Dobbins, S. A. Kelly, William D. Elected in place of Lot M. Morrill, resigned. 4. Douglass, B. B. Ketcham, W. \V. Elected in place of Allen T. Caperton, deceased. Dunnell, M. H. Kimball, A. M. REPRESENTATIVES. Durand, G. H. King, W. S. Michael C. Kerr, Speaker, First Session. Samuel J. Randall, Speaker Second Session. Abbott, Josiah G.I Adams, C. H. Durham, M. J. Eames, B. T. Eden, J. R. Egbert, A. G. Knott, J. P. Lamar, Lucius Q. C. Landers, Franklin. Landers, G. M. TA KULAK RECORDS. Ixix Lane, Lafayette. Lapham, E. G. Lawrence, William. Leaven worth, E. W. Lemoyne, J. V.8 Levy, W. M. Lewis, B. B. Luttrell, John K. Lord, Scott. Lynch, John R. Lynde, W. P. Mackey, E. W. M. Mackey, L. A. Maroon, H. S. Maish, Levi. MacDougall. C. D. Seelye, J. H. Sheakley, James. Singleton, Otho R. Sinnickson, C. H. Siemens, W. F. Smalls, Robert, Smith, A. H. Smith, W. E. Southard, M. I. Sparks, W. A. J. Springer, W. M. Spencer, William B. Strait, Horace B. Stanton, Williani H.lo Starkweather, H. H. Stenger, W. S. Yeates, J. J. Young, H. C. 1. Successfully contested the seat ofRufusS. Frost. Successfully contested the seat of E. W. M. Mackey. 3. Elected in place of M. C. Kerr, de ceased. 4. Elected in place of Smith Ely, Jr., : resigned. 5. Successfully contested the seat of J. T. Walls. 6. Elected in place of James G. Blaine, resigned. 7. Elected in place of James D. Williams, resigned. 8. Successfully contested the seat of Charles B. Farwell. !). Elected in place of S. M. Fitey, deceased. 10. Elected in place of W. W. Ketch urn, resigned. 11. Elected in place of H. H. Starkweather, deceased. 1-2. Elected in place of W. H. Barnum, resigned. 13. Elected in place of E. Y. Parsons, deceased. McCrary, G. \\ . Stephens, A. H. Territorial Delegates. McDill, J. W. Stevenson, A. E. Bennett, Thomas W. Kidder, Jefferson P. McFarland. Wiiliar.i. Stone, W. H. ( annon, George Q. Maginnis, Martin. McMahon, J. A. Stowell, W. H. H. Elkins, Stephen B. Patterson, Thomas M. Mead, E. R. Swann, Thomas. Fenn, Stephen S.I Steele, William R. Metcalfe, H. B. Tarbox, J. K. Jacobs, Orange. Stevens, Hiram S. Miller, S. F. Milliken, C. W. Teese. F. H. Terry, William. 1. Successfully contested the seat of T. W. Bennett. Mills, R. Q. Thomas, P. F. THE FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Money, Hernando ~\ Thompson, C. P. SENATORS. Monroe, James. Morey, Frank. Thorn burgh, J. M. Throckmorton, J. W. William A. Wheeler, Vice-President. Morrison, W. R. Townsend, M. I. Allison, William B. Johnston, John W. Morgan, C. H. Townsend, Washington Anthony, Henry B. Jones, Charles W. Mutchler, William. Tucker, J. Randolph. Armstrong, D. H. Jones, John P. Nash, C. E. Tults, J. Q. Bailey, James E. Kellogg, William P. Neal, L. T. Turney, Jacob. Barnum, William H. Kernan, Francis. New, J. D. Van Voorhes, N. H. Bayard, Thomas F. Kirkwood, S. J. Norton, Nelson I. Vance, J. L. Beck, James B. Lamar, L. Q. C. . O Brien, W. J. Vance, R. B. Blaine, James (,. Matthews, Stanley. Odell, N. H. Waddell, A. M. Booth, Newton. Maxey, Samuel B. Oliver, Addison. Wait, John T.ll Bruce, Blanche K. McCreery, Thomas ( . O Neill, Charles. Waldron, Henry. Burnside. Ambrose E. McDonald, Joseph K. Packer, J. B. Walker, C. C. B. Butler, M. C. McMillan, Samuel J. R. Page, Horace J. Walker, G. C. Cameron, Angus. McPherson, J. R. Parsons, E. Y. Wallace, A. S. Cameron, J. I). Merrimqn, A. S. Payne, H. B. Wallace, J. W. Chaffee, Jerome B. Mitchell, John H. Phelps, James. Walling, A. T. Christiancy, Isaac P. Morgan, J. T. Phillips, J. F. Walls, J. T. Cockrell, Francis M. Morrill, Justin S. Phillips, W. A. Walsh, William. C oke, Richard. Morton, Oliver P. Piper, William A. Ward, Elijah. Conkling, Roscoe. Oglesby, Richard J. Pierce, Henry L. Warren, W. W. Conover, Simon B. Paddock, Algernon S. Plaisted, Harris M. Warner, Levi. 12 Davis, David. Patterson, John J. Platt, T. C. Watterson, Henry. 13 Davis, Henry G. Plumb, P. B. Poppleton, E. F. Wells, Erastns. Dawes, Henry L. Randolph, Theodore F. Potter, Allen. Wells, G. Wiley. Dennis, George R. Ransom, Matt W. Powell, Joseph. Wheeler, W. A. Dorsey, Stephen W. Rollins, E. H. Pratt, H. O. White, J. D. Eaton, William W. Sargeant, Aaron A. Purman, W. J. Whitehouse, J. O. Edmunds, George F. Saulsbury, Eli. Rainey, J. H. Whiting. R. H. Eustis, James B. Saunders, A. Rea, David. Whitthorne, W. C. Ferry, Thomas W. Sharon, William. Reagan, J. H. Wigginton, Peter D. Garland, A. H. Shields, James.l Reilly, John. Wike, Scott. Gordon, John B. Spencer, George E. Reilly, J. B. Willard, George. Grbver, L. F. Teller, Henry M. Rice, A. V. Williams, Andrew. Hamlin, Hannibal. Thurman, Allen G. Riddle, Hay wood Y.9 Williams, A. S. Harris, I. G. Wadleigh, Bainbridgo. Robbins, John. Williams, C. G. Hereford, Frank. Wallace, William A^ Robbins, W. M. Williams, James. Hill, Benjamin H. Whyte, W. Pinckney. Roberts, C. B. Williams, J. D. Hoar, George F. Windom, William. Kobiuson, M. S. Williams, J. N. Howe, Timothy O. Withers, Robert E. Ross, Miles. Williams, W. B. In galls, John J. Ross, Sebieski. Willis, B. A. 1 . Appointed in place of D. H. Armstrong, deceased. Rusk, J. M. Sampson, E. S. Wilshire, W. W. Wilson, Benjamin. REPRESENTATIVES. Savage, J. S. Wilson, James. Samuel J. Randall, Spcaki r. Sayler, Milton. Wood, Allan, Jr. Acklen, J. H.I Bacon, William J. Scales, A. M. Wood, Fernando. Aiken, D. Wyatt. Baglev, George A. Schleicher, Gustave. Woodburn, William. Aldrich, William. Bailev, J. M.2 Schumaker, J. G. Woodworth, L. D. Atkins, John D. C. Baker, John H. Ixx TABULAR KE CORDS. Baker, William H. Dunnell, Mark H. Ballou, Latimer W. Durham, Milton J. Banks, Nathaniel P. Dwight, Jeremiah W. Banning, Henry B. Fames, Benjamin T. Bayne, Thomas M. Eden, John R. Beebe, George M. Eickhoff, Anthony. Bell, Hiram P. Elam, J. B. Benedict, Charles B. Ellis, E. John. Bicknell, George A. Ellsworth, Charles C. Bisbee, Horatio, Jr. Errett, Russell. Blackburn, Joseph C. S. Evans, I. Newton. Blair, Henry W. Evans. James L. Bland, Richard P. Evins, John H. Bliss, Archibald M. Ewing, Thomas. Blount, James H. Felton, William H. Boone, Andrew R. Field, Walbrid-e. A. Bouck, Gabriel. Finley, Ebene:.iv B. Boyd, Thomas A. Finley. John J.4 Bragg, Edward S. Forney, William H. Brentano, Lorenzo. Fort, Greenbury L. Brewer, Mark S. Foster, Charles. Bridges, Samuel A. Franklin, Benjamin J. Briggs, James F. Freeman, Chapman. Bright, John M. Frye, William P. Brogden, Curtis H. Fuller, Benoni S. Browne, Thomas M. Gardner, Mills. Buckner, Aylett H. Garfield, James A. Bundy, Solomon. Garth, William W. Burchard, Horatio C. Gause, Lucien C. Burdick, Theodore W. Gibson, Randall L. Butler, Benjamin F. Giddings, D. C. Cabell, George C. Glover, John M. Cain, Richard H. Goode, John. Caldwell, John W. Gunter, Thomas M. Caldwell, William P. Hale, Eugene. Calkins, William 11. Hamilton, Andrew H. Camp, John H. Hanna, John. Campbell, Jacob M. Hardenbergh, A. A. Candler, Milton A. Harmer, Alfred C. Cannon, Joseph G. Harris, Benjamin W. Carlisle, John G. Harris, Henry R. Caswell, Lucien B. Harris, JohnT. Chalmers, J. R. Harrison, Carter H. Chittenden, Simeon B. Hart, E. Kirke. Claflin, William. Hartridge, Julian. Clark, Alvah A. Hartzell, William. Clark, John B.. Jr. Haskell, Dudley C. Clark, Rush. Hatcher, Robert A. Clarke John B. Hayes, Philip C. Clymer, Heister. Hazelton, George C. Cobb, Thomas R. Hendee, George \V. Cole, Nathan. Henderson, Thomas J. Collins, Francis D. Henkle, Eli .1. Conger, Omar D. Henry, Daniel M. Cook, Philip. Herbert, Hilary A. Covert, James W. Hewitt, Abram S. Cox, Jacob D. Hewitt, Goldsmith W. Cox, Samuel S. Hiscock, Frank. Crapo, William W. Hooker, Charles (). Cravens, Jordan E. House, John F. Crittenden, Thomas T. Hubbell, Jay A. Culberson, David B. Humphrey, H. L. Cummings, Henry J. M. Hungerford, John N. Cutler, Augustus W. Hunter, Morton C. lianford, Lorenzo. Hun ton, Eppa. Darrall, Chester B. Ittner, Anthony. Davis, Horace. James, Amaziah B. Davis, Joseph J. Jones, Frank. Davidson, Robert!!. M. Jones, James Taylor. Dean, Benjamiu.3 Jones, John S. Deering, Nathaniel C. Jorgensen, Joseph. Denison, Dudley C. Joyce, Charles 1 1. Dibrell, George G. Keifer, J. Warren. Dickey, H. L. Keightlev. Edwin W. Douglass. Bever .v B. Kelly. William D. Kenna, John E. Robinson, Milton S. Ketcham, John H. Ross, Miles. Killinger, John W. Ryan, Thomas. Kimmell, William. Sampson, Ezekiel S. Knapp, Robert M. Sapp, Willian "*. Knott, J. Proctor. Sayler, Milton. Landers, George M. Scales, Alfred M. Lapham, Elbridge G. Schleicher, Gustave. Lathrop, William. Sexton, Leonidas. Leonard, J. E. Shallenberger, William S. Ljgon, Robert F. Shelley, Charles M. Lindsey, Stephen D. Singleton, Otho R. Lcckwood, Daniel N. Sinnickson, Clement H. Loring, George B. Siemens, William F. Luttrell, John K. Smalls, Robert. Lynde, William Pitt. Smith, A. Herr. Mackey, L. A. Smith, William E. Maish. Levi. Southard, Milton I. Manning, Van H. Sparks, William A. J. Marsh, Benjamin F. Springer, W T illiam M. Martin, Benjamin F. Starin, John H. Mayham, Stephen L. Steele, Walter L. McCook, ABSOII G. Stenger, William S. McGowan, J. H. Stephens, A. H. McKenzie, James A. Stewart, J. H. McKinley, William. Jr. Stone, John W. MoMahon, John A. Stone, Joseph C. Metcalfe, Lyne S. Strait, Horace B. Mills, Roger Q. Swann, Thomas. Mitchell. John I. Thompson, John M. Money, Ilcrnando D. Thornbnrgh, Jacob M. Monroe, James. Throckrnorton, Jarne^ \V Morgan, Charles H. Tipton, Thomas F. Morrison, William R. Townsend. Amos. Morse, Leopold. Townsend, Martin I. Muldrow, H. L. Townshend, Richard W. Mnller, Nicholas. Tucker, John R. Neal, Henry S. Turner, Thomas. Norcross, Amasa. Turney, Jacob. Oliver, Addison. Vance, Robert V. O Neill, Charles. Van Voorhes, Nelson H. Overton, Edward. Jr. Veeder, William I). Pacheco, Romualdo. Waddell, Alfred M. Page, H. F. Wait, John T. Patterson. George W. Walker, Gilbert C. Patterson.- Thomas M.5 Walsh, William. Peddie, Thomas B. Ward, William. Phelpe, James. Warner, Levi. Phillips, William A. Watson, Lewis F. Pollard, Henry M. Welch, Frank. Potter. Clarkson N. White, Harry. Pound, Thad. C. White, Michael D. Powers, Llewellyn. Whitthorne, W. C. Price, Hiram. Wigginton, Peter D.6 Pridemore, Auburn L. Williams, Alpher.s S. Pugh, John Howard. Williams, Andrew. Quinn, Terence J. Williams, Charles G. Rainey, Joseph H. Williams, James. Randolph, James H. Williams, Jeremiah N. Rea, David. Williams, Richard. Reagan. John H. Willis, Albert S. Reed, Thomas B. Willis, Benjamin A. Reilly, James K. Willits, Edwin. Rice, Americus V. Wilson, Benjamin. Rice, William W. Wood, Fernando. Riddle, Haywonl Y. Wren, Thomas. Rnbbius, William M. Wright, Hendrick B. Roberts, Charles B. Yeates, Jesse J. Robertson, E. W. Young, H. Casey. Robinson, George D. Young, John S. .1. Successfully contested the seat of C. B. Darrall. 2. Elected in place of T. J. Quinn, deceased. 3. Suc cessfully contested the seat of W. A. Field. 4. Suc cessfully contested the seat of Horatio Bisbee. 5. Successfully contested the seat of J. B. Belford. TABULAR RECORDS. 6. Successfully contested the seat of Romuald Paolieco. Territorial Delegates. Cannon, George Cj. Kidder, Jefferson 1 . Corlett, William \V. Maginnis, Martin. Fenn, Stephen S. Eomero, Trinidad. Jacobs, Orange. Stevens, Hiram S. THE FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. SENATORS. William A. \\7iceler. Vice-President. Allison, William B. Anthony, Henry B. Bailey, James E. Baldwin, H. P.I Bayard, Thomas F. Beck, James B. Bell, Charles H. Elaine, James G. Blair, Henry W.2 Booth, Newton. Brown, Joseph E.3 Bruce, Blanche K. Burnside, Ambrose E. Butler, M. C. Call, Wilkinson. Cameron, Angus. Cameron, J. D. Carpenter. Matt H. Chandler, Zachariah. Cockrell, Francis M. Coke, Richard. Conkling, Roscoe. Davis, David. Davis, Henry G. Dawes, Henry L. Eaton, William W. Edmunds, George F. Farley, James T. Ferry, Thomas W. Garland, A. H. Gordon, John B. Groome, James B. Grover, L. F. Hamlin, Hannibal. Hampton, Wade. Harris, I. G. Hereford, Frank. Hill, N. P. Hill, Benjamin H. Hoar, G. F. Houston, George S. Ingalls, John J. Johnston, John W. Jonas, Benjamin Franklin Jones, Charles W. Jones, John P. Kellogg, William Pitt. Kernan, Francis. Kirkwood, S. J. Lamar, L. Q. C. Logan, John A. Maxey, Samuel B. McDonald, Joseph E. McMillan, Samuel J. R. McPhersou, John R. Morgan, J. T. Morrill, Justin S. Paddock, Algernon S. Pendleton, George II. Platt, Orville H. Plumb, P. B. Pugh, James L.4 Randolph, Theodore F. Ransom, Matt W. Rollins, E. H. Saulsbury, Eli. Saunders, A. Sharon, William. Slater, James H. Teller, Henry M. Thurman, Allen G. Vance, Zebulon B. Vest, George G. Voorhees, D. W. Walker, J. D. Wallace, William A. Why te, William Pinckney. Williams, John S. Windom, William. Withers, Robert E. 1. Elected in place of Z. Chandler, deceased. 2. Elected in place of C. H. Bell, temporarily appointed. 3. Elected in place of John B. Gordon, resigned. 4. Elected in place of George S. Houston, deceased. R KPK KSENTATI VES. Samuel J. Acklen. J. H. Aiken, D. Wyatt. Aldrich, Nelson W. Aldrich, William. Anderson, John A. Armiield, R. F. Atherton, Gibson. Atkins, J. D. C. Bachman, Reuben lv Bailey, John M. Baker, John H. Ballon, Latimer W. Barber, Hiram. Barlow. Bradley. Bayne, Thoma* M. Beale, R. L. T. Randall, Speaker. Belford, James B. Beltzhoover. Frank E. Berry, C. P. Bisbie, Horatio. 1 Bicknell, George A. Bingham, Henry H. Blackburn, Joseph C. S. Blako, John L. Bland, Richard P. Bliss, Archibald M. Blount, James H. Bouck, Gabriel. Bowman, Selwyn Z. Boyd, Thomas A. Bragg, Edward S. Brewer, Mark S. Briggs, James F. Brigham, Lewis A. Bright, John M. Browne, Thomas M. Buckner, Aylett H. Burrows, Julius C. Butterworth, Benjamin. Cabell, George C. Caldwell. John W. Calkins, William H. Camp, John H. Cannon, Joseph G. Carlisle, John G. Carpenter, Cyrus C. Caswell, Lucien B. Chalmers, J. R. Chittendon, Simeon B. Claflin, William. Clardy, Martin L. Clark, Alvah A. Clark, J. B., Jr. Clark. Rush. Clements, Newton N.2 Clymer, Heister. Cobb, Thomas R. Coffroth, Alexander H. Colerick, Walpole G. Conger, Omar D. Converse, George L. Cook, Philip. Covert, James W. Cowgill, Calvin. Cox, Samuel S. Crapo, William W. Cravens, Jordan E. Crowley, Richard. Culberson, David B. Daggett, Rollin M. Davidson, Robert H. M. Davis, George R. Davis, Horace. Davis, Joseph J. Davis, Lowndes H. De LaMatyr, Gilbert. Deering, Nathaniel C. Deuster, Peter V. Dibrell, George G. Dick, Samuel B. Dickey, Henry L. Dunn, Poindexter. Dunnell, Mark H. Dwight, Jeremiah W. Einstein, Edwin. Elam, J. B. Ellis, E. John. Srrett, Russell. Evins, John H. Ewing, Thomas. ?arr, Evarts W. Helton, William H. ?erdon, John W. ?ield. Walbridge A. inlev, Ebeuezer B. isher, Horatio G. <\>rd, Nicholas, orney, William H. orsyth, Albert P. ort, Greebury L. rost, R. Graham, ^rye, William P. larrield, James A. ieddes, George W. Jibson. Randall L. Jillette, Edward H. Jodshalk, William. Goode, John. Gunter, Thomas M. Hall, Joshua G. Hammond, John. Hammond, N. J. Harmer, Alfred C. Harris, Benjamin W Harris, John T. Haskell, Dudley C. Hatch, William H. Hawk, Robert M. A. Hawley, Joseph R. Hayes, Philip C. Hazelton, George C. Heilman, William Henderson, Thomas ,T Heukle, Eli J. Henry, Daniel M. Herbert, Hilary A. Herndon, Thomas H. Hill, William D. Hiscock, Frank. Hooker, Charles E. Horr, Roswell G. Hostetler, Abraham ,1. Houk, L. C. House, John F. Hubbell, Jay A. Hull, Noble A. Humphrey, Herman L. Hunton, Epp. Hurd, Frank H. Hutchins, Walda.3 James, Amaziah B Johnston, Joseph E. Jones, G. W. Jorgensen, Joseph. Joyce, Charles H. Keifer, J. Warren. Kelly, William D. Kenna, John E. Ketcham, John H. Killinger, John W. Kimmel, William. King, J. Floyd. Kitchin, W. H. Klotz, Robert. Knott, J. Proctor. Ladd, George W. Lapham, Elbridge G. Lay, Alfred M. Le Fevre, Benjamin. Lewis, Bur well B. Lindsey, Stephen D. Loring, George B. Lounsbery, William. Lowe, William M. Maiming, Van H. Marsh, Benjamia F. Martin, Benjamin F. Martin, Edward L. Martin, Joseph J. Mason, Joseph. McCoid, Moses A. McCook, Ansou G. McGowan, Jonas H. McKenzie, Jamea A. McKinley, William, Jr. McLane, Robert M. McMahon, John A. McMillon, Bentou.. Miles, Frederick. Miller, Warner. Mills, Roger y. Mitchell, John I. Ixxii TABULAR K E C O R D S . Money, Heraando D. Slemons, William F. THE FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Monroe, James. Smith, A. Herr. SENATOBS. Morrison, William R. Smith, Hezekiah B. Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President. Morse, Leopold. Smith, William E. Morton, Levi P. Sparks, William A. J. Muldrow, H. L. Speer, Emory. Muller, Nicholas. Springer, William M. Murch, Thompson H. Starin, John H. Myers, William R. Steele, Walter L. Neal, Henry S. Stephens, Alexander H. New, Jeptha D. Stevenson, Adlai E. David Davis, President pro tem.1 Aldrich, N. W. Jonas, Benjamin F. Allison, William B. Jones, Charles W. Anthony, Henry B. Jones, John P. Barrow, Pope. 2 Kellogg, William P. Bayard, Thomas F. Lamar, L. Q. C. Beck, James B. Lapham, Elbridge G. Newberey, John S. Stone, John W. Nicholls. John C. Talbott, J. Frederick C. Norcross, Amasa. Taylor, Ezra B.7 O Brien, James. Taylor, R. L. Blair, H. W. Logan, John A. Brown, Joseph E. McDill, Jaiues W. Butler, M. C. McMillan, Samuel J. R. Call, Wilkinson. McPherson, John R. O Connor, M, P. Thomas, John R. Camden, JohLsonN. Mahone. William. O Neill, Charles. Thompson, Philip B.. Jr. Cameron, Angus. Maxey, Sanmol B. O Reilly, Daniel. Thompson, William G.8 Orth, Godlove S. Tillman, George D. Cameron, J. D. Miller, John F. Cockrell, Francis M. Miller, Warner. Osmer, J. H. Townsend, Amos. Coke, Richard. Mitchell, John I. Overton, Edward, Jr. Townshend, Richard W. Conger, Omar D. Morgan, John T. Pacheco, Romualdo. Tucker, John R. Davis, Henry G. Morrill, Justin S. Page, Horace F. Turner, Oscar. Dawes, Henry L. Pendleton, George H. Persons, Henry. Turner, Thomas. Edmunds, George F. Platt, Orville 11. Phelps, James. Tyler, Jam es >I Fair, James G. Plumb, Preston B. Philips, John F.4 Updegralf, Jonathan T. Farley, James T. P U # I, James L. Phister, Elijah G. Updegraff, Thomas. Pierce, Ray V. Upson, Columbus. 9 Ferry, Thomas W. Ransom, Matt \V. Frye, William P. Rollins, Edward H. Poehler. Henrv. Urner, Milton G. Garland, Augustus H. Saulsbury, Eli. Pound, Thaddeus C. Valentine, Edward K. George, James Z. Saunders, Alvin. Prescott, Cyrus D. Van Aernam, Henry. Gorman, Arthur P. Sawyer, Philetus. Price, Hiram. Vance, Robert B. Groome, James B. Sewell. William J. Ray. Ossian.5 Voorhis, Charles H. Grover, La Fayette. Sherman, John. Reagan. John H. Van Voorhis, John. Hale, Eugene. Slater, James H. Reed, Thomas B. Waddill, James R. Hampton, Wade. Tabor, H. A. W.3 Rice, William W. Wait, John T. Harris, Isham G. Teller, Henry M. Richardson, David P. Ward, William. Harrison, Benjamin. Vance, Zebulon B. Richardson, Join S. Warner, A. J. I lawley. Joseph R. Van Wyck, Charles H Richmond, James t>. Washburn, W. D. Hill, Benjamin H. Vest. George G. Robertson, E. W. Weaver, James B. Hill, Nathaniel P. Voorhees, Daniel W. Robeson, George M. Wellborn, Olin. Hoar, George F. Walker. James D. Robinson, George I). Wells, Erastus. Ingalls, John J. Williams, John S. Ross, Miles. White, Harry. Jackson, Howell E. Windom, William. RothwelJ, Gideon F. Whiteaker, John. Johnston, John W. Russell, Daniel L. Whitthorn, W. C. 1. Acting President in place of C. A. Arthur, ele Russell, William A. Wilber, David. vated to the Presidency of the United States. 2. Ryan, Thomas. Williams, Charles G. Elected in pla^e of Benjamin H. Hill, deceased Ryon, John W. Williams, Thomas. 3. Elected in place of Henry M. Teller, resigned. Samford, William J. Willis, Albert S. Sapp, William F. Willits, Edwin. REPRESENTATIVES. Sawyer, Samuel L. Wilson, Benjamin. J. Warren Keifcr, Spcaka-. Scales, Alfred M. Wise, Morgan R. Aiken, D. Wyatt, Bragg, Edward S. Scoville, Jonathan.fi Wood, Fernando. Aldrich, William. Brewer, J. Hart. Shallenberger, William S. Wood, Walter A. Allen, Thomas. Briggs, James F. Shelly, Charles M. Wright, Hendrick B. Anderson, John A. Browne, Thomas M Sherwin, John C. Yocum, Seth H. Armfield. R. F. Brumm, C. N. Simonton, C. B. Young, Casey. Atkins, John D. G Buchanan, Hugh. Singleton, James W. Young, Thomas L. Atherton, Gibson. Buck, John R. Singleton, 0. R. Yeates, J. .1.10 Barbour. John S. Buckner, Aylett H. 1. Successfully contested the seat of Noble A. Barr. Samuel F. Burrows, Julius C. Hull. 2. Elected in place of B. B. Lewis, resigned. Bayne, Thomas M. Burrows, J. H. 3. Elected in place of Alexander Smith, deceased. Beach, Lewis. Butter worth, Benjamin. 4. Elected in place of A. M. Lay, deceased. f>. Belford. James B. Cabell, G. C. Elected in place of E. W. Farr, deceased. 6. Elected Belmont, Perry. Caldwell, John W. in place of Ray V. Pierce, resigned. 7. Elected iu Beltzhoover. Frank E. Calkins, William H. place of Jas. A. Garfield, resigned. 8. Elected in place of Rush Clark, deceased. 9. Elected in place of Berry, Campbell P. Camp, John H. Bingham, Henry H. Campbell, John M. Gustave Schleicher, deceased. 10. Successfully con Bisbee, Horatio, Jr.l Candler, John W. tested the seat of J. J. Martin. Black, George R. Cannon. Joseph G. Territorial Delegate?. Ainslee, George. Campbell, J G. Bennett, G. G. Downey, S. W. Blackburn. Joseph C. S. Carlisle, John G. Blanchard, N. C. Carpenter, Cyrus C. Bland, Richard P. Cassidy, George W. Bliss, Archibald M. Caswell, Lucien B. Brents, Thomas H. Maginnis, Martin. Blount, James H. Ch:ce. Jonathan. Cannon, George Q. Otero, Mariano S. Bowman, Selwyn Z. Chalmers, James Rornld. TABULAR RECORDS. Ixxiii Chapman. A. G. Herndon, Thomas H. Orth, Godlove S. Spaulding, O. L. Clardy, Martin L. Hewitt, Abram S. Pacheco, Romualdo. Speer, Emory. Clark, John B., Jr. Hewitt, Goldsmith W. Page, Horace F. Spooner, Henry J. Clements, Judson C. Hill, John. Parker, A. X. Springer, William M Cobb, Thomas R. Hiscock, Frank. Paul, John. Steele, George W. Colerick, Walpole G. Hitt, R. R.3 Payson, Lewis E. Stephens, A. H. Converse, George L. Hoblitzell. F. S. Peelle, Stanton J. Stockslager, S. M. Cook. Philip. Hoge, John Blair. Pierce, R. B. F. Stone, Ebeh F. Cornell, Thomas. Holman, William S. Pettibone, A. H. Strait, Horace B. Covington, G. W. Hooker, Charles E. Phelps, James. Talbott, J. Frederick C. Cox, Samuel S. Horr, Roswell G. Phister, Elijah C. Taylor, Ezra B. Cox, William R. Houk, L. C. Pound, Thaddeus C. Taylor, Joseph D.ll Crapo, William W. House, John F. Prescott, Cyrus D. Thomas, John R. Cravens, Jordan E. Hubbell, Jay. A. Randall, Samuel ,). Thompson, Philip B., Jr. Crowley, Richard. Hubbs, Orlando. Ranney, A. A. Thompson, William G. Culbertson, David B. Humphrey, Hermi.n L. Ray, Ossian. Tillman, George D. Cullen, William. Hutching, Waldo. Reagan, John H. Townsend. Amos. Curtin, Andrew (r. Jacobs, Ferris, Jr. Reed, Thomas B. Townshend, Richard W. Cutts, Madison E. Jadwin, C. C. Reese, Seaborn. 8 Tucker, J. Randolph. Darrall, Chester B. Jones, George W. Rice, John B. Turner, Henry G. Davidson, Robert If. M. Jones, James K. Rice, T. M. Turner, Oscar. Davis, George R. Jones. Phineas. Rice, William W. Tyler, James M. Davis, Lowndes H. Jorgensen, Joseph. Rich. John T. Upson, Columbus. Dawes, Rufus R. Joyce, Charles H. Richardson, David P. Updegraff, J. T. Deering, Nathaniel C. Kasson, J. A. Richardson, John S. Updegraff, Thomas. De Motte, Mark L. Kelly, William D. Ritchie, James M. Urner, Milton G. Denster, Peter V. Kenna, John E. Robeson, George M. Valentine, Edward K. Dezendorf, John F. Ketcham, John H. Robertson, Edward White. Van Aernam, Henry. Dibble. Samuel. King, J. Floyd. Robinson, George D. Vance, Robert B. Dibrell, G. G. Klotz, Robert. Robinson. James S. Van Horn, R. T. Dingley, N., Jr. Knott, J. Proctor. Robinson, William K. Van Voorhis, John. Dowd, Clement. Lace, Edward S. Rosecrans. W. S. Wadsworth, J. W.12 Doxey, Charles T.2 Ladd, George W. Ross, Miles. Wait, John T. Dugro, P. Henry. Lapham, E. G. Russell, William A. Walker, R. J. C. Dunn, Poindexter. Latham, L. C. Ryan, Thomas. Ward, William. Dunnell, Mark IT. Leedom, John P. Scales, Alfred M. Warner, Richard. Dwight, Jeremiah W. Le Fevre, Benjamin. Schultz, Emanuel. Washburn, William D Ellis, E. John. Lewis, J. H. Scoville, Jonathan. Watson, Lewis F. Ermentrout, Daniel. Lindsey, Stephen D. Scranton, Joseph A. Webber, George W. Errett, Russell. Lord, Henry W. Shaokelford, J. W. Wellborn, Olin. Evins, John H. Lowe, W. M.4 Shallenberger, William S. West, George. Far-well, Charles B. Lynch, John R.5 Shelley, Charles M. Wheeler, Joseph. Farwell, Sewall S. Maekey, E. W. M.fi Sherwin, John C. White, John D. Finley, Jesse J. Manning, Van H. Shultz, E. Whitthorne, W. C. Fisher, Horatio G. Marsh, Benjamin F. Simonton, Charles B. Williams, Charles G. Flower, R. P. Martin, Edward L. Singleton, James W. Williams, Thomas. Ford, Nicholas. Mason, Joseph. Singleton, Otho R. Willis, Albert S. Forney, William H. Matson, C. C. Skinner, Charles R.9 Willite, Edwin. Frost, R. Graham. McClure, A. S. Smalls, Robert. Wilson, Benjamin. Fulkerson, Abram. McCoid, Moses A. Smith, A. Herr. Wise, George D. Garrison, George T. McCook, Anson G. Smith, D. C. Wise, Morgan R. Geddes, George W. McKenzie, James A. Smith, J. Hyatt. Wood, Benjamin. George, M. C. McKiuley, William. V. Smith, James Q.10 Wood, Walter A. Gibson, Randall Lee. McLane, Robert M. Sparks, William A. J. Young. Thomas L. Godshalk, William. McLean, James H.7 1. Successfully contested tbe seat of J. J. Finley. Grout, William W. McMillin, Benton. 2. Elected in place of G. S. Orth, deceased. :>. Guenther, Richard. Miles, Frederick. Elected in place of R. M. A. Hawk, deceased. 4. Suc Gunter, Thomas M. Miller, Samuel H. cessfully contested the seat of Joseph Wheeler. Hall. Joshua G. Miller, Warner. . ). Successfully contested the seat of J. R. Chalmeis. Hammond, John. Mills, Roger Q. (i. Successfully contested the seat of Samuel Dibble. Hammond, N. J. Money, Hernando D. 7. Elected in place of Thomas Allen, deceased. Hardenbergh, A. A. Moore, William R. 8. Elected in place of A. H. Stephens, resigned. Hardy, John. Morey, Henry L. 9. Elected in place of Warner Miller, resigned. Harmer, Alfred C. Morrison, William R. 10. Successfully contested the seat of C. M. Shelley, Harris, Benjamin W Harris, Henry S. Morse, Leopold. Mosgrove, James. but died without occupying it. 11. Elected in place of J. T. Updegraff, deceased. 12. Elected in place Haskell, Dudley C. Moulton, Samuel W T . of E. G. Lapham, resigned. Hatch, William H. Muldrow, Henry Lowndes. Territorial Delegates. Hawk, Robert M. A. Murch, Thompson H. Ainslie, George. Maginnis, Martin. Hazeltine, Ira S. Mutcbler, William. Brents, Thomas H. Oury, Granville H. Hazelton, George C. Neal, Henry S. Caine. John T.I Pettigrew, R. F. Heilman, William. Nolan, M. N. Cannon, George Q. Post, M. E. Henderson, Thomas J. Norcross, Amasa. Luna, Tranquilino. Hepburn, W. P. Oates, William C. 1. Elected in place of G. Q. Cannon, declared in Herbert, Hilary A. O Neill, Charles. eligible. Ixxiv TABULAR RECORDS. THE FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Covington, George W. Hewitt, Goldsmith W. SENATORS. Cox, Samuel S. Hill, William D. George F. Edmunds, President pro tern. Cox, William R. Hiscock, Frank. Aldrich, Nelson W. Jonas, Benjamin Franklin. Allison, William B. Jones, Charles W. Crisp, Charles F. Culbertson, David B. Hitt, Robert R. Hoblitzell, Fetter S. Anthony, Henry B. Jones, John F. Culbertson, William .V. Holman, William S. Bayard, Thomas F. Kenna, John E. Cullen, William. Holmes, Adoniram J. Beck, James B. Lamar, Lucius Q. C. Curtin, Andrew G. Holton, Hart B. Blair, Henry W. Lapham, Elbridge G. Bowen, Thomas M. Logan, John A. Cutcheon, Byron M. Cutts, Marsena E. Hooper, Benjamin S. Hopkins, James H. Brown, Joseph E. McMillen, Samuel J. R. Dargan, George W. Horr, Roswell G. Butler, M. C. McPherson, John R. Davidson, Robert H. M. Houk, Leonid as C. Call, Wilkinson. Mahone, William. Davis, George R. Houseman, Julius. Camden, Johnson N. Manderson, Charles F. Davis, Lowndes H. Howey, Benjamin F. Cameron, Angus. Maxey, Samuel B. Davis, Robert T. Hunt, Carleton. Cameron, James Donald. Miller, John F. Deuster, Peter V. Kurd, Frank H. Chace, Jonathan. 1 Miller, Warner. Dibble, Samuel. Hutchins, Waldo. Cockrell, Francis Marion. Mitchell, John I. Dibrell, George G. James, Darwin R. Coke, Richard. Morgan, John T. Dingley, Nelson, Jr. Jeffords, Elza. Colquitt, Alfred H. Morrill, Justin 8. Dixon, Nathan F.3 Johnson, Frederick A. Conger, Omar D. Palmer, Thomas \V. Dockery, Alexander M. Jones, Burr W. Cullom, Shelby M. Pike, Austin F. Dorsheimer, William. Jones, James H. Dawes, Henry L. Pendletou, George il. Dowd, Clement. Jones, James K. Dolph, Joseph N. Platt, Orville H. Duncan, William A. Jones, James T.6 Fair, James Graham. Plumb, Preston B. Dunham, Ransom W. Jordan, Isaac M. Farley, James Thorn pson. Pugh, James L. Dunn, Poindexter. Kassou, John A. Frye, William P. Ransom, Matt W. Eaton, William W. Kean, John, Jr. Garland, Augustus H. Kiddleberger, H. H. Eldredge, Nathaniel Bud Keifer, J. Warren. George, James Z. Sabin, Dwiglit M. Elliott, Mortimer F. Kelly, William D. Gibson, Randall L. Saulsbury, Eli. Ellis, E. John. Kellogg, William P. Gorman, Arthur P. Sawyer, Philetus. Ellwood, Reuben. Ketcham, John 11. Groome, James B. Sewell, William J. English, William E.4 King, J. Floyd. Hale, Eugene. , Sherman, John. Ermentrout. Daniel. Kleiner, John J. Hampton, Wade. Slater, James H. Evans, I. Newton. Lacey, Edward S. Harris, Isham G. Vunce, Zebulon B. Everhart, James B. Laird, James. Harrison, Benjamin. Van Wyck, Charles if. Evins, John H. Lamb, John E. Hawley, Joseph R. Vest, George G. Ferrel, Thomas M. Lanham, Samuel \V. T. Hill, Nathaniel P. Voorhees, Daniel W. Fiedler, William H. F. Lawrence, George V. Hoar, George F. Walker, James D. Findlay, John V. L. Le Fevre, Benjamin. Ingalls, John James. Williams, John S. Finerty, John F. Lewis, Edward T.7 Jackson, Ho well Edmunds. Wilson, James F. Follett, John F. Libbey, Harry. 1. Elected in place of H. B. Anthony,deceased. Foran, Martin A. Long, John D. Forney, William H. Lore, Charles B. REPRESENTATIVES. Fyan, Robert W. Lovering, Henry H. John G. Carlisle, Speaker. Garrison, George T.5 Lowry, Robert. Adams, George E. Brewer, Francis B. Geddes, George W. Lvman, Theodore. Adams, John J. Brewer, J. Hart. George, Melvin C. Mackey, E. W. M. Aiken, D. Wyatt. Broadhead, James O. Gibson, Eustace. Matson, Courtland C. Alexander, Armstead M. Brown, William Wallace. Glascock, John R. Maybury, William C. Anderson, John A. Browne, Thomas M. Goff, Nathan. Jr. Mayo, Robert M. Arnot, John. Brumm, Charles N. Graves, Alexander. McAdoo, William . Atkinson, Louis E. Buchanan, Hugh. Green, AVharton J. McCoid, Moses A. Barbour, John S. Buckner, Aylett H. Greenleaf, Halbert S. McComas, Louis Jv Barksdale, Ethelbert. Budd, James H. Guenther, Richard. McCormick, John \V. Barr, Samuel F. Burleigh, Henry G. Halsell, John E. McKinlcy, William. Jr. Bagley, John H., Jr. Burnes, James N. Hammond, Nathaniel J. McMillin, Benton. Ballentiue, John G. Cabell, George C. Hanback, Lewis. Millard, Stephen C. Bayne, Thomas M. Caldwell, Andrew .1. Hancock, John. Miller, James F. Beach, Lewis. Calkins, William If. Hardeman, Thomas. Miller, Samuel H. Belford, James B. Campbell, Felix. Hardy, John. Mil liken, Seth L. Belmont, Perry. Campbell, Jacob M. Harmer, Alfred C. Mills, Roger Q. Bennett, Risden T. Candler, Allen D. Hart, Alphonso. Mitchell, Charles I,. Bingliam, Henry H. Cannon, Joseph G. Haskell, Dudley C. Money, Hernando 1 >. Bisbee, Horatio, Jr. Carleton, Ezra C. Hatch, Herschel H. Morgan, Charles H. Blackburn, Joseph C. S. Cassidy, George W. Hatch, William H. Morey, Henry L. Blanchard Newton C. Chace, Jonathan. Haynes, Martin A. Morrill, Edmund N. Bland, Richard P. Clardy, Martin L. Hcmphill, John J. Morrison, William R. B .ount, James H. Clay James F. Henderson, David B. Morse, Leopold. Boutelle, Charles A. Clements, Judson C. Henderson, Thomas J. Moulton, Samuel W. Bowen, Henry. Cobb, Thomas R. Boyle, Charles E. Collins, Patrick A. Brainerd, Samuel M. Connolly, Daniel W. Bratton, John. 1 Converse, George L. Henley, Barclay. Hepburn. William P. Herbert, Hilary P. Herndon, Thomas H. Muldrow, Henry L. Muller, Nicholas. Murphy, Jeremiah H. Murray, Robert M. Breckenridge, Clifton R. Cook, John. C. 2 Herron, Andrew S. Mutchler, William. Brtitung, Edward. Cosgrove, John. Hewitt, Abram S. Neece, William. TABULAR RECORDS. liXV Nelson, Knute. Spriggs, J. T. 12. Elected in place of John A. Kasson, resigned. Nicholls, John C. Springer, William M. 13. Elected in place of William A. Duncan, deceased. Nutting, Newton W. Steele, George W. 14. Successfully contested the seat of William Mc- Gates, William C. Stephenson, Isaac. Kinley, Jr. Ochiltree, Thomas P. Stevens, Robert S. Territorial Delfgatca. O Ferrall, Charles T.8 Stewart, Charles. O llara, James E. Stewart, John W. Brents. Thomas H. Oury, Granville H. O Neill, Charles. Stockslager, Strother M. O Neill, John J. Stone, Eben F. Caine. John T. Post, Morton E. Luna. Tranquilino. Raymond, John B. Paige, David R. Storm, John B. Maginnis, Martin. Singiser, Theodore F. Parker, Abraham X. Strait, Horace B. Patten, John D. Struble, Isaac S. THE FORTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Payne, Sereno E. Sumner, Charles A. SEN A TOES. Payson, Lewis E. Sumner, Daniel H. Peel, Samuel W. Swope, John A. 13 John Sherman, President pro tern. Peelle, Stanton J. Talbott, J. Frederick C. Aldrich, Nelson W. Jackson, Howell E. Perkins, Bishop W. Taylor, Ezra B. Peters, Samuel R. Taylor, John M. Allison, William B. Jones, Charles W. Bayard, Thomas F. Jones, James K. Pettibone. Augustus H. Taylor, Joseph D. Phelps, William Walter. Thomas, John R. Beck, James B. Jones, John P. Berry, James H.I Kenna, John E. Pierce, Rice A. Thompson, Philip B., Jr. Poland, Luke P. Throckmorton, James W. Blackburn, Joseph C. S. Lamar, L. Q. C. Blair, Henry W. Logan, John A. Poole, Walter R. Tillman, George D. Bowen, Thomas M. McMillan, Samuel J. R. Post, George A. Townshend, Richard W. Brown, Joseph E. McPherson, John R. Potter, Orlando. B. Tucker, John Ran lolph. Price, William T. T^Uy, Pleasant B. Butler, M. C. Mahone, William. Call, Wilkinson. Manderson, Charles F. Pryor, Luke. Turner, Henry G. Pusey, William H. M. Turner, Oscar. Camden, Johnson N. Maxey, Samuel B. Cameron, J. D. Miller, John F. Randall, Samuel J. Valentine, Edward K. Rankin, Joseph. Van Alstyne, Thomas J. Ranney. Ambrose A. Vance, Robert B. Chace, Jonathan. Miller, Warner. Cockrell, Francis M. Mitchell, John 11. Coke, Richard. Mitchell, John I. Ray, George W. Van Eaton, Henry S. Ray, Ossian. Wadsworth, James W. Colquitt, Alfred H. Morgan. John T. Conger, Omar D. Morrill, Justin S. Reagan, John H. Wait, John T. Cullom, Shelby M. Palmer! Thomas W. Reed, Thomas B. Wakeneld, James B. Dawes, Henry L. Payne, Henry B. Reese, Seaborn. Wallace, Jonathan H.14 Dolph, Joseph N. Pike, Austin F. Rice, \Villiarn W. Ward, Thomas B. Edmunds, George F. Platt, Orville H. Riggs, James M. Warner, A. J. Robertson, Thomas A. Warner, Richard. Eustis, James B. Plumb, Preston B. Evarts, William M. Pugh, James L. Robiuson, George D. Washburn, William D. Fair, James G. Ransom. Matt W. Robinson, James S. Weaver, Archibald J. Robinson, William E. Wellborn, Olin. Farley, James T. Riddleberger, Harrison It. Frye, William P. Sabin, Dwight M Rockwell, Francis P.!) Weller, L. H. Garland, A. H. Saulsbury, Eli. Rogers, John H. Wemple, Edward. Rogers, William F. White, John D. George, James Z. Sawyer, Philetus. Gibson, Randall L. Sewell, William J. Rosecrans, William S. White, Milo. Rowell, Jonathan H. Whiting, William. Russell, William A. Wilkins, Beriah. Ryan, Thomas. Williams, Thomas. Scales, Alfred M. Willis, Albert S. Seney, George E. Wilson, James. Seymour. Edward W. Wilson. William L. Gorman, Arthur P. Spooner, John C. Gray, George.2 Stanford, Leland.4 Hale, Eugene. Teller, Henry M. Hampton, Wade. Vance. Zebulon B. Harris, Isham G. Van Wyck, Charles H. Harrison, Benjamin. Vest. George G. Hawley. Joseph R. Voorhees, Daniel W. Shaw, Aaron. Winans, Edwin B. Shelly, Charles M. Winans, John. Singleton, Otho R. Wise, George D. Hearst, George. 3 Walthall, E. C.5 Hoar, George F. \Vilson, Ephraim K. Ingalls, John J. Wilson, James F. Skinner, Charles R. Wise, John S. 1. Elected in place of A. H. Garland, resigned. Skinner, Thomas G. . J Wolford, Frank L. 2. Elected in place of T. F. Bayard, resigned. 3. Ap- Slocum, Henry W. Wood, Thomas J. 1 pointed in place of J. T.Farley, deceased. 4. Elected Smalls, Robert.ll Woodward, Gilbert N. in place of J. T. Farley, deceased. 5. Elected in Smith, A. Herr. Worthington, Nicholas E. place of L. Q. C. Lamar, resigned. Smith, Hiram Y.12 Yaple, George L. Snyder, Charles P. York, Tyre. REPRESENTATIVES. Spooner, Henry J. Young, Casey. John G. Carlisle, Speaker. 1. Elected in place of John H. Evins, deceased. Adams, George E. Barksdale, Ethelbert. 2. Elected in place of M. E. Cutts, deceased. 3. j Adams, John J. Barnes, George T. Elected in place of Jonathan Chace, cho.sen United i Aiken, D. Wyatt. Barry,. F. G. States Senator. 4. Successfully contested th seat o/ Allen, Charles H. Bayne, Thomas M. Stanton J. Peele. 5. Successfully contested the seat Allen. John M. Beach, Lewis. of R. M. Mayo. 6. Elected in place of Thomas H. Anderson, Charles M. Belmont, Perry. Herndon. deceased. 7. Elected in place of A. S. Anderson, John A. Bennett, Risclen T. Herron, deceased. 8. Successfully contested the Arnot, John, Jr. Bingham, Henry K. seat of John Paul. 9. Elected in place of George Atkinson, Louis E. Blanchard, Newton C. D. Robinson, chosen Governor of Massachusetts. 10. Baker, Charles S. Bland, Richard P. Elected in place of W. R. Poole, deceased. 11. Ballentine, John G. Bliss, Archibald M. Elected in place of E. W. M. Mackey, deceased. Barbour, John S. Blount, James H. 1 X X V 1 TABULAR RECORDS. Bound, Franklin. Ford, George. Lore, Charles B. Sadler, Thomas W. Boutelle, Charles A. Boyle, Charles E. Forney, William IT. Frederick, Ben. T. Louttit, J. A. Levering, Henry B. Sawyer, John G. Sayers, Joseph D. Brady, James D. Bragg, Edward S. Fuller, William E. Funston, E. H. Lowry, Robert. Lyman, Joseph. Scott, William L. Scranton, Joseph A. Breckenridge, Clifton K. Breckenridge, Wm. < . I . Brown, Charles E. Gallinger, Jacob H. Gay, Edward J. Geddes, George W. McAdoo, William. McComas, Louis E. McCreary. James B. Seney, George E. Sessions, Walter R. Seymour, Edward W. Brown, William W. Gibson, Charles H. McEenna, Joseph. Shaw. Frank T. Browne, Thomas M. Gibson, Eustace. McEinley, William. Jr. Singleton, Otho R. Brurum, C. N. Gilfillan, John B. McMillin, Benton. Skicner, Thomas G. Buchanan, James. Glass, P. T. McRae, Thomas C. Smalls, Robert. Buck, John R. Glover, John M. Mahoney, Peter P. Snyder, Charles P. Butmell, Frank C. Goff, Nathan, Jr. Markha m, H. H. Sowden, William H. Burleigh, Henry G. Green, Robert S. Martin, John M. Spooner, Henry J. Burnes, James N. Green, Wharton J. Matson, Courtland C. Spriggs, J. Thomas. Burrows, Julius C. Grosvenor. Charles H. Maybury, William C. Springer, William M. Butterworth, Benjamin. Grout, William W. Merriman, Truman A. Stahlnecker, William Q. Bynum, William 1). Guenther, Richard. Millard, Stephen C. Steele, George W. Cabell, George C. Hahn, Michael. Miller, James F. Stephenson. Isaac. Caldwell, Andrew J . Hale, John B. Milliken, Seth L. Stewart, Charles. Campbell, Felix. Hall, Benton J. Mills, Roger Q. Stewart, John W. Campbell, Jacob M. Halsell, John E. Mitchell, Charles L. St. Martin, Louis. Campbell, James E. Hammond, N. J. Moffatt, Seth C. Stone, Eben F. Campbell, Timothy .!. Hanback, Lewis. Morgan, J. B. Stone, William J. Candler, Allen D. Harmer, Alfred C. Merrill, Edmund N. Stone, William J. Cannon, Joseph G. Harris, Henry R. Morrison, William R. Storm, John B. Carleton, Ezra C. Hatch, William H. Morrow, William W. Strait, Horace B. Caswell, Lucien B. Hayden, Edward D. Muller, Nicholas. Struble, Isaac S. Catchings, Thomas C. Haynes, Martin A. Murphy, Jeremiah 1 1 . Swinburne, John. Clardy, Martin L. Heard, John T. Neal, John R. Swope, John A. Clements, Judson C. Hemphill, John J. Xeece, W T illiam H. Symes, George G. Cobb, Thomas R. Henderson, David B. Negley, James S. Tarsney, Timothv E. Cole, William H. Henderson, John S. Nelson, Knute. Taulbee, W. P. Collins, Patrick A. Henderson, Thomas .1. Norwood, Thomas M. Taylor, Ezra B. Corapton, Barnes. Henley, Barclay. Oates, William C. Taylor, Isaac H. Corastock, Charles ( . Hepburn, William P. O Donnel, James. Taylor, John M. Conger, Edwin H. Herbert, Hilary A. O Ferrall, Charles T. Taylor, Zachary. Cooper, William C. Herman, Binger. O Hara, James E. Thomas, John R. Cowles, William H. 11. Hewitt, Abram S. O Neill, Charles. Thomas, Ormsby B. Cox, William R. Hiestand, John A. O Neill, John J. Thompson, Albert C. ( rain, William H. Hill, William D. ( )sborne, Edwin S. Throrkmorton. James W. Crisp, Charles F. Hires, George. Outhwaite, Joseph H. Tillman, George D. Croxton, Thomas. Hiscock, Frank. Owen, William I). Townshend, Richard W. Culberson, David P>. Hitt, Robert R. Parker, Abraham X. Trigg, Connelly F. Curtin, Andrew G. Holman, William S. Payne, Sereno E. Tucker, John Randolph. Outcheon, Byron M. Holmes, Adoniram ,1. Payson, Lewis E. Turner, Henry G. Daniel, John W. Hopkins, A. J. Peel, Samuel W. Van Eaton, Henry S. Dargan, George W. Houk. Leonidas C. Perkins, Bishop W. Van Shaick, Isaac W. Davenport, Ira. Howard, Jonas G. Perry, William H. Viele, Egbert L. Davidson, Alexander C. Hutton, John E. Peters, Samuel R. Wade, William H. Davidson, Robert H. M. Irion, Alfred B. Pettibone, Augustus H. Wadsworth. W. H. Davis, Robert T. Jackson, Oscar L. Phelps, William W. Wait, John T. Dawson. William. James, Darwin R. Pidcock, James N. Wakefield, James B. Dibble, Samuel. Johnson, Frederick A. Pindar, John S. Ward, James H. Oingley, Nelson, Jr. Johnston, James T. Pirce, William A. Ward, Thomas B. Dockery, Alexander M. Johnston, Thomas I). Plumb, Ralph. Warner, A. J. Dorsey, George W. E. Jones, James H. Price, William T. Warner, William. Dougherty, Charles. Jones, James T. Pulitzer, Joseph. Weaver, Archibald J. Dowdney, Abram. Kelly, William D. Randall, Samuel J. Weaver, James B. Dunham, Ransom W. Ketcham, John H. Rankin, Joseph. Weber, John B. Dunn, Poindexter. King, J. Floyd. Kanney, Ambrose A. Wellborn, Olin. Eden, John R. Kleiner, John J. Reagan. John H. West. George. Eldredge, Nathaniel H. Laffoon, Polk. Reed, Thomas B. Wheeler, Joseph. Ellsberry, William W. La Follette, Robert M. Reese, Seaborn. White, Alexander ( . Ely, Frederick D. Laird, James. Reid, James W. White, Milo. Ennentrout, Daniel. Evans, I. Newton. Landes, Silas Z. Lanham, Samuel W. T. Rice, William W. Richardson, J. D. Whiting, William Wilkins, Beriah. Everhart, James B. Lawler, Frank. Riggs, James M. Willis, Albert S. Farquhar, John M. Le Fevre, Benjamin. Robertson, Thomas A. Wilson, W. L. Felton, Charles N. Lehlbach. Herman. Rockwell, Francis W. Winans, Edwin B. Findlay, John V. L. Libbey, Harry. Rogers, John H. Wise, George D. Fisher, Spencer 0. Lindsley, James G. Romeis, Jacob. Wolford, Frank L. Fleeger, George W. Little, John. Rowell, Jonathan H. Woodburn, William. Foran, Martin A. Long, John D. Ryan, Thomas. Worth ington, Nicholas Ii. TABULAR RECORDS. Ixxvii Territorial Delegates. Bean, Curtis C. Hailey, John. Caine, John T. Joseph, Antonio. Carey, Joseph M. Toole, Joseph K. Giffbrd, Oscar S. Voorhees, Charles S. SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. Name and State. Elected. Samuel Ally ne Otis, Mass April 8, 1789. Charles Cutts, N. H Oct. 11,1814. Walter Lowrie, Pa Dec. 12,1825. Asbury Dickens, N. C Dec. 12,1836. John W. Forney, Pa July 15, 1SC1, George C. Gorham, Cala June 4, 1868. John C. Burch, Tenn March 24. 1879. F. E. Shober, (acting) N. C Oct. 25, 1881. Anson G. McCook, N. Y Dec. 18, 1883. CLEKKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA TIVES. Name and Slate. Elected. John Beckley. Va April 1, 1789. Jonathan W. Concly, Pa May 15, 1797. John Holt Oswald, Pa Dec. 9, 1800. John Beckley, Va Dec. 7, 1801. Patrick Magruder, Md Oct. 26, 1807. Thomas Dougherty, Ky Jan. 30,1815. Matthew S. Clarke, Pa Dec. 3,1822. WalterS. Franklin, Pa Dec. 2, 1833. Hugh A. Garland, Va Dec. 3,1838. Matthew S. Clarke, Pa May 31,1841. Caleb J. McNulty, Ohio Dec. 6, 1843. Benjamin B. French, N. H Jan. 18, 1845. Thomas J. Campbell. Tenn Dec. 7, 1847. Richard M. Young. Ill April 17, 1850. John W. Forney, Pa Dec. 1,1851. William Cullom, Tenn Feb. 4, 1856. James C. Allen, 111 Dec. 6,1857. John W. Forney. Pa Feb. 3,1860. Emerson Etheridge, Tenn July 4, 1861. Edward McPherson, Pa Dec. 8, 1863. George M. Adams. Ky Dec. 6, 1875. Edward McPherson, Pa Dec. 5, 1881. John B. Clark, Jr.. Mo Dec. 4, 1883. THE EXECUTIVE. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Number and Name. Qualified. 1. George Washington April 30,1789. George Washington March 4, 1793. 2. John Adams March 4,1797. 3. Thomas Jefferson March 4,1801. Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1805. 4. James Madison March 4, 1809. James Madison March 4, 1813. 5. James Monroe March 4, 1817. James Monroe March 5, 18:21. 6. John Quincy Adams March 4, 1825. 7. Andrew Jackson March 4,1829. Andrew Jackson March 4, 1833. 8. Martin Van Buren March 4,1837. 9. William H. Harrison. 1 March 4, 1841. 10. John Tyler April 6, 1841. 11. James K. Polk March 4,1845. 12. Zachary Taylor.l March 5, 1849. 13. Millard Fillmore July 9,1850. 14. Franklin Pierce March 4, 1853. 15. James Buchanan March 4, 1857. 16. Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861. Abraham Lincoln. 1 March 4, 1865. 17. Andrew Johnson April 15, 1865. 18. Ulysses S. Grant March 4, 1869. Ulysses S. Grant March 4, 1873. 19. Rutherford B. Hayes March 5, 1877 20. James A. Garfield .l March 4, 1881. 21. Chester A. Arthur Sept. 20, 1881. 22. Grover Cleveland March 4,1885. 1. Died in office. SECRETARIES OF STATE. Number and Name. Appointed. 1. Thomas Jefferson Sept. 26,1789. Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1793. 2. Edmnnd Randolph Jan. 2,1794. 3. Timothy Pickering Dec. 10, 1795. Timothy Pickering March 4, 1797. 4. John Marshall May 13, 1800. 5. James Madison March 5, 1801. James Madison March 4, 1805. 6. Robert Smith March 6,1809. 7. James Monroe April 2, 1811. James Monroe March 4, 1813. 8. John Quincy Adams March 5, 1817. John Quincy Adams March 5, 1821. 9. Henry Clay March 7,1825. 10. Martin Van Buren March 6,1829. 11. Edward Livingston May 24, 1831. 12. Louis McLane May 29, 1833. 13. John Forsyth June 27,1834. JohnForsyth March 4, 1837. 14. Daniel Webster March 5,1841. Daniel Webster April 6, 1841. 15. HughS. Legare May 9,1843. 16. Abel P. Upshur July 24, 1843. 17. John C. Calhoun March 6,1844. 18. James Buchanan March 6, 1845. 19. John M. Clayton March 7,1849. Daniel Webster July 22, 1850. 20. Edward Everett Nov. 6,1852. 21. William L. Marcy March 7,1853. 22. Lewis Cass March 6, 1857. 23. Jeremiah S. Black Dec. 17, 1860. 24. William H. Seward March 5,1861. William H. Seward March 4, 1865. William H. Seward April 15, 1865. 25. Elihu B. Washburne March 5, 1869. 26. Hamilton Fish March 11, 1869. Hamilton Fish March 4, 1873. 1.7. William M. Evarts March 12, 1877. 28. James G. Elaine March 5, 1881. 29. F. T. Frelinghuysen Dec. 12, 1881. 30. T. F. Bayard March 6, 1885. SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY. Number and Name. Appointed. 1. Alexander Hamilton Sept. 11,1789. " March 4, 1793. 2. Oliver Walcott Feb. 2, 1795. " March 4, 1797. 3. Samuel Dexter Jan. 1,1801. 4. Albert Gallatin May 14, 1801. " March 4, 1809. " March 4, 1813. 5. George W. Campbell Feb. 9,1814. 6. Alexander J. Dallas Oct. 6, 1814. 7. William H. Crawford Oct. 22, 1816. March 5, 1817. March 5, 1821. 8. Richard Rush March 7, 1825. 9. Samuel D. Ingham March 6, 1829. 10. Louis McLane Aug. 2, 1831. 11. William J. Duane May 29,1833. 12. Roger B. Tauey Sept. 23, 1833. 13. LevjWoodbury June 27,1834. " March 4, 1837. 14. Thomas Ewing March 5, 1841. " April 6, 1841. Ixxviii TABULAR RECORDS. 15. Walter Forward Sept. 13,1841. 16. John C. Spencer March 3, 1843. 17. George M. Bibb Tune 15,1844 18. Robert J. Walker March 6,1845 19. William M. Meredith March 8,1849. 20. Thomas Corwin July 23,1850. 21. James Guthrie March 7,1853 22. HowellCobb March 6,1853. 23. Philip F. Thomas Dec. 12, I860. 24. John A. Dix Jan. 11,1861. 25. Salmon B. Chase March 7, 1861. 26. William P. Fessenden July 1,1864 27. Hugh McCulloch March 7,1865 " " April 15, 1865 2a GeorgeS. Boutwell March 11, 1869 29. William A. Richardson March 17, 1873. 30. Benjamin H. Bristow June 4, 1874. 31. Lot M. Merrill July 7,1876. 32. John Sherman March 8, 1877. 33. William Windom March 5, 1881. 34. Charles J. Folger Oct. 27,1881. 35. Walter R. Gresham Oct. 24, 1884. 36. Hugh McCulloch Oct. 28.1884. 37. Daniel Manning March 6, 1885. SECRETARIES OF WAR. Number and Name. Appointed. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Henry Knox Sept. 12, 1789. " March 4, 1793. Timothy Pickering Jan. 2, 1795. James McHenry Jan. 27, 1796. " March 4, 1797. Samuel Dexter May 13, 1800. Roger Griswold Feb. 3, 1801. Henry Dearborn March 5. 1801. " March 4, 1805. William Eustis March 7, 1809. John Armstrong Jan. 13, 1813. March 4, 1813. James Monroe.: Sept. 27, 1814. William H. Crawford Aug. 1, 1815. George Graham ad interim. John C. Calhoun Oct. 8, 1817. " March 5, 1821. James Barbour March 7, 1825. Peter B. Porter May 26, 1828. John II. Eaten March 9, 1829. Lewis Cass Aug. 1, 1831. March 4, 1833. Joel R. Poinsett March 7, 1837. John Bell March 5, 1841. April 6, 1841. John C. Spencer Oct. 12, 1841. James M. Porter March 8, 1843. William Wilkins Feb. 15, 1844. William L. Marcy March 6, 1845. George W. Crawford March 8. 1849. Charles M. Conrad Aug. 15^ 1850. Jeft erson Davis March 5, 1853. John B. Floyd March 6, 1857. Joseph Holt Jan. 18, 1861. Simon Cameron March 5, 1861. Edwin M. Stanton Jan. 15, 18G2. " March 4, 1865! April 15, 1865. Ulysses S. Grant, ad int Aug. 12, 1867. Lorenzo Thomas, " Feb. 21, 1868. John M. Schofield May 28, 1868. John A. Rawlins March 11, 1869. William T. Sherman Sept. 9, 1869. William W. Belknap Oct. 25, 1869. March- 4, 1873. Alphonso Taft March 8, 1876. James D. Cameron May 22, 1876. 38. George W. McCrary March 12, 1877. 39. Alexander Ramsey Dec. 10, 1879. 40. Robert T. Lincoln March 5,1881. 41. William C. Endicott March 6,1885. SECRETARIES OF THE XAVY. Number and Name. Appointed. Benjamin Stoddert May 21, 1798. " March 4, 1801. Robert Smith Inly 15, 1801. J. Crowninshield March 3, 1 V 05. Paul Hamilton March 7, 1809. William Jones Jan. 12, 1813. " March 4, 1813. B. W. Crowninshield Dec. 19, 1811. March 4, 1817. Smith Thompson Nov. 9. 1818. March 5, 1821. Samuel L. Southard Sept. 16, 1823. March 4, 182,1. John Branch March 9, 1829. Levi Woodbury May 23, 1831. March 4, 1833. Mahlon Dickerson June 30, 1834. March 4, 1837. James K. Pauldin^ June 25, 1838. George E. Badger March 5, 1841. " April 6, 1841. Abel P. Upshur Sept. 13, 1841. David Hen.shaw July 24, 184:;. Thomas W. Gilnier Feb. 15, 1844. John Y. Mason March 14, 1844. George Bancroft .....March 10, 1845. John Y. Mason Sept. 9, 1846. William B. Preston March 8, 1849. William A. Graham July 22, 1850. John P. Kennedy Inly 22, 1852. James C. Dobbin March 7, 1853. Isaac Toucey March 6, 1857. Gideon Welles March 5, 1861. " March 4, 1865. April 15, 1865. Adolph E. Borie March 5, 1869. George M. Kobeson June 25, 1869. " March 4, 1873. Richard W Thompson ..Marchl2, 1877. Nathan Goff, Jr Jan. 6, 1881. William H. Hunt March 5, 1S81. William E. Chandler April 1, 1H82. William C. Whitney March 6, 1885. SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR. Number and Name. Appointed. 1. Thomas Ewing March 8, 1849. 2. Alex. H. H. Stuart Sept. 12, 1850. 3. Robert McClelland March 7,1853. 4. Jacob Thompson March 6, 1857. 5. Caleb B. Smith March 5,1861. 6. John P. Usher Jan. 8, 1863. March 4, 1865. April 15, 1865. 7. James Harlan May 15,1865. 8. Orville H. Browning July 27,1866. 9. Jacob D. Cox March 5, 1869. 10. Columbus Delano Nov. 1, 1870. " March 4, 1813. 11. Zachariah Chandler Oct. 19,1875. 12. Carl Schurz March 12, 1877. 13. Samuel J. Kirkwood March 5,1881. 14. Henry M. Teller April 6,1882. 15. L. Q. C. Lamar March 6, 1885. TABULAK liECORDb Ixxix POSTMASTEBS-GENEBAL. Number and Name. Appointed. 1. Samuel Osgood Sept. 26,1789. 2. Timothy Pickering Aug. 12,1791. March 4^ 179s! 3. Joseph Habersham Feb. 25, 1795. March 4, 179?! March 4, 1801. 4. Gideon Granger Nov. 28, 1801. March 4, 1805. March 4, 1809. 6. Return J. Meigs. Jr Marchl7, 1814. March 4, T817. March 5, 1821. 6. John McLean hine 26,1823. March 4, 1825. 7. William T. Barry March 9, 1829. " March 4, 1833. 8. Amos Kendall May 1,1835. " March 4, 1837. 9. John M. Niles May 25, 1840. 10. Francis Granger March 6,1841. . April 6,1841. 11. Charles A. Wicklifle Sept. 13,1841. 12. Cave Johnson March 6,1845. 13. Jacob Collamer March 8,1849. 14. Nathan K. Hall July 23,1850. 15. Samuel D. Hubbard Aug. 31,1852. 1<>. James Campbell March 5, 1853. 17. Aaron V. Brown March 6, 1857. 18. Joseph Holt Marchl4, 1859. 19. Horatio King Feb. 12, 1861. 20. Montgomery Blair March 5. 1861. 21. William Dennison Sept. 24. 1864. " March 4, 1865. " April 15, 1865. 22. Alexander W. Randall Tuly 25,1866. 23. John A. J. Creswell March 5, 1869. " March 4. 1873. 24. James W. Marshall July 7,1874. 25. Marshall Jewell Aug. 24, 1874. 26. James N. Tyner July 12,1876. 27. David McK. Key Marchl2, 1877. 28. Horace Maynard June 2, 1880. 29. Thomas L. James March 5,1881. 30. Timothy O. Howe Dec. 20,1881. 31. Walter Q. Gresham April 3, 1883. 32. Frank Hatton Oct. 14,1884. 33. William F. Vilas March 6,1885. ATTOBNEYS-GENEBAL. Number and Name. Appointed. 1. Edmund Randolph Sept. 26,1789. " March 4. 1793. 2. William Bradford Jan. 27, 1794. 3. Charles Lee Dec. 10,1795. " " March 4, 1797. 4. Theophilus Parsons Feb. 20,1801. 5. Levi Lincoln March 5,1801. 6. Robert Smith March 3.1805. 7. John Kreckenrid^e Aug. 7, 1805 8. Cajsar A. Rodn y Jan. 28, 180 " " * March 4, 1809 9. William Pinkney Dec. 11,1811, " March 4, 1813 10. Richard Rush Feb. 10,1814 " March 4, 1817 11. William Wirt Nov. 13,1817 " " March 5, 1821 " " March 4, 1825 12. John M. Bcrrien March 9,1829 13. Roger B. Tauey July 20, 1831 " " March 4, 1833 14. Benjamin F. Butler Nov. 15,1833. " " March 4, 1837. 29. 30. 31. 32. :;:]. 34. 35. 36. 37. | 38. 39. 40. Felix Grnndy ............................ 7 u i y 5) Henry D. Gilpin ....................... Jan. 11, John J. Crittenden .................... March 5, .................... April 6, Hugh S. Legare ........................ Sept. 13, John Nelson ............................. j u i y ^ John Y. Mason ......................... March 6, Nathan Clifford ........................ Oct. 17, Isaac Toucey ........................... j une 21, Reverdy Johnson ...................... March 8, John J. Crittenden ................... July 22 Caleb Cushing .......................... March 7, Jeremiah S. Black ..................... March 6, Edwin M. Stanton .................... Dec. 20 Edward Bates ........................... March 5^ Titian J. Coffey, adint .............. June 22, James Speed ............................ Dec. 2, ............................ March 4, ............................ April 15, Henry Staubery ........................ J u i y 23, William M. Evarts .................... July 15, E. Rockwood Hoar .................... March 5, Amos T. Akerman .................... June 23, George H. Williams .................. Dec. 14, " .................. March 4, Edward Pierrepont .................... April 26, AlphonsoTaft .......................... May 22, Charles Devens ......................... March 12, Wayne McVeagh ....................... March 5, Benjamin H. Brewster ............... Dec. 19, A. H. Garland .......................... March 6, 1840. 1841 1841. 1841. i 8 43. 1845. 1846 1848. 1849, 1850 L853. 1857. 1860. 186l! 1863. 1864. 1865. 181)5. 1806. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1873. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1881. 1881. 1885. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE. [OFFICIALLY PBEPAKED FOB THIS VOLUME.] While the Constitution specifies no man as an ex ecutive officer excepting the President, his Cabinet Ministers have always shared the title with him. The real executive officers of the General Govern ment, however, are the chiefs of the bureaus of the several departments. They are the men, moreover, with whom the people come more directly in contact while attending to business in Washington. Tin- following is an authentic list of such officers who have held appointments since the foundation of the government. And here the compiler desires to state that where the date^ ;ire omitted it is because the records of the officers are incomplete; and also that it has been impossible for him to separate the date.s of appointment from those of confirmation by the Senate, several months having occasionally elapM-,1 between the dates. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. [Three Assistant Secretaries.] ASSISTANT SECBETABIES. Name. Appointed. A. Dudley Mann ............................ March 23, 1853. William Hunter ............................. May 8, 1855. John A. Thomas ............................. Nov. 1, 1855. John Appleton .............................. April 4, 1857. Frederick W. Seward ................. .....March 6, 1861. William Hunter .............................. Tuly 27, 1866. J. C. Bancroft Davis .................... March25, 1869. John L. Cadwalader ......................... July 1, 1874. John A. Campbell .......................... Feb. 24, 1875 Frederick W. Seward ...................... Marchl6, 1877. Charles Paysou .............................. June 11. 1878 John Hay ..................................... Nov. 1, 1879. J. C. Bancroft Davis ....................... Dec. 19, 13H John Davis .................................... July 8, 1882. Alvey A. Adee ............................... July 18, 1882. James D. Porter ............................. May 20, lBsf>. Ixxx TABULAE RECORDS. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. [Two Assistant Secretaries.] ASSISTANT SECEETABIES. Name. Appointed. Tench Coxe. Sept. 11, 1789. (Office abolished June 30. 1792.) Charles B. Penrose March 12, 1849. Allen A. Hall Oct. 10, 1849. William L. Hodge Nov. 16, 1850. Peter G. Washington March 4, 1853. Philip Clayton Marchl3, 1858. George Harrington March 13, 1861. M. W. Field MarchlS, 1864. William E. Chandler June 5, 1865. JohnF. Hartley June 11, 1865. Edmund Cooper Nov. 20. 1867. William A. Richardso > March, 1869. Frederick A. Sawyer Marchl9, 1873. Charles F. Conant July 1, 1874. Curtis F. Burnham May 4, 1875. Henry F. French Aug. 7, 1876. Richard C. McCormicl; April 3, 1877. John B. Hawley Dec. 9, 1877. J. K. Upton April 1, 1880. John C. New Feb. 2, 1882. Charles S. Fairchild MarchlS, 1885. William E. Smith Nov. 10, 1885. FIRST COMPTROLLERS. Name. Appointed. Nicholas Eveleig * Sept. 11,1789. Oliver Wolcott, Jr June 17, 1791. Jonathan Jackson Feb. 25, 1795. John Davis June 26, 1795. John Steele July 1, 1796. Gabriel Duval Dec. 15, 1802. Richard Rush Nov. 22, 1811. Ezekial Bacon Feb. 11, 1814. Joseph Anderson Feb. 28, 1815. George Wolf. June 18, 1836. James N. Barker Feb. 23, 1838. WalterForward April 6, 1841. James W. McCulloch April 1, 1842. Elisha Whittlesey May 31, 1849. William Medill May 1 1857. Elisha Whittlesey April 10, 186L Robert W. Taylor Jan. 14, 1863. Albert G. Porter March 5, 1878. W T illiam Lawrence July 15, 1880. Milton J. Durham March 20, 1885. SECOND COMPTROLLERS. Name. Appointed. Richard Cutts March22, 1817. Isaac Hill March 21, 1829. James B. Thornton July 14 1830. Albion K. Parris Aug. 2o 1836 Hiland Hall Nov. 29, 1850. E. J. Phelps Oct. 1, 1851. John M. Brodhead Feb. 14, 1853. James M. Cutts Oct. 9, 1857. John M. Brodhead June, 186:?. Cyrus C. Carpenter Jan. 7, 1876^ William W. Upton Oct. 1, 1877. Isaac H. Maynard June 1, 1885. TEEASUBEES. Name. Appointed. Samuel Meredith Sept. 11, 1789. Thomas T. Tucker Jan. 1, 1801. Michael Nourse, ad int May 3 1828. William Clark July l| 182s! John Campbell July 1. 1829. William Selden July 22 1839 William B. Randolph, ad int Nov. 24, 1850. John Sloan Dec. 1, 1850. Samuel Casey April 7, 1853. William B. Randolph, ad int Dec. 23. 1859. William C. Price April 4. 18KO. Francis E. Spinner ..Marchl6, 1861. John C. New June 30, 1875. A. U. Wyman July I, 1876. James Gilfillan July 1, 1877. A. U. Wvman Marchl5, 1883. Conrad N. Jordan April 22, 1885. COMMISSIONERS OF CUSTOMS. Name. Appointed. Charles H. Rockwell March 16, 1849. Hugh J. Anderson March 23, 1853. Samuel Ingham Feb. 3, 1858. Nathan Sargent May 14, 1861. William F. Haines June 29, 1871. Henry C. Johnson April 8, 1874. JohnS. McCalmont April 3, 1885. FIRST AUDITORS. Name,. Appointed. Oliver Wolcott, Jr Sept. 11, 1789. William Smith, Jr July 16, 1791. Richard Harrison Nov. 29, 1791. Jesse Miller Dec. 27, 1836. Tully R. Wise June 17, 184 ?. William Collins July 24, 1844. JohnC. Clarke Aug. 2, 1849. Thomas L. Smith Oct. 31, 1849. David W. Mahon Dec. 11, 1871. Robert M. Reynolds April 16, 1878. James Q. Chenowcth May 1, 1885. SECOND AUDITORS. Name. Appointed. William Lee March 6, 1817. William B. Lewis March 19, 1830. John McCalla March 29, 1845. Philip Clayton April 9. 1849. Thomas J. D. Fuller Feb. 3, 1858. EzraB. French Aug. 7, 1861. Orange Ferris May 10, 1880. William A. Day June 19, 1885. THIRD AUDITORS. Name. Appointed. Peter Hagner March 6, 1817. JohnS. Gallaher Oct. 22, 1849. Francis Burt April 6, 1853. Robert J. Atkinson Aug. 28, 1854. Elijah Sells July 18, 18 !4. John Wilson Oct. 28, 18G4. Allan Rutherford April 21, 1871. Horace Austin Jan. 7, 1876. Edwin W. Keightley May 1, 1879. John S. Williams May 1, 1885. FOURTH AUDITORS. Name. Appointed. William Winder July 16, 1798. Thomas Turner Jan., 1800. Constant Freeman Feb., 1816. William P. Van Ness May 26, 1824. Tobias Watkins Jan. 3, 1825. Amos Kendall May 10, 1830. JohnC. Pickett Jan. 5, 1836. Aaron O. Dayton ...June 9, 1838. A. J. O Bannon March 1, 1859. Taliaferro Hunter Aug. 15, 1860. Hobart Berrian May 4, 1861. Stephen J. W. Tabor June 1, 1863. Charles Beardsley Aug. 7, 1879. Charles M. Shelly May 11. 1885. TABULAR RECORDS. Ixxxi FIFTH AUDITORS. Name. Appointed. Stephen Pleasanton March 6, 1817. Josiah Minot March 3, 1855. Murray McConnell Aug. 1, 1855. Bartholomew Fuller March 1, 1859. John C. Underwood July 31, 1861. Charles M. Walker Aug. 31, 1863. H. D. Barren April 20, 1869. J. H. Ela Dec. 19, 1871. De Alva S. Alexander June 2, 1881. Anthony EickholF July 28, 1885. SIXTH AUDITORS. Name. Appointed. Charles K. Gardner July 2, 1836. Elisha Whittlesey Marchl9, 1841. Matthew S. Clark Dec. 19, 1843. Peter G. Washington March 26, 1845. John W. Farrelly Nov. 5, 1849. William F. Phillips April 7, 1853. Thomas M. Tate Oct. 1, 1857. Green Adams April 17, 1861. Elijah Sells Oct. 26, 1864. Isaac N. Arnold , April 29, 1865. Hugh J. Anderson Sept. 26, 1866. John J. Martin April 19, 1869. C. C. Sheets March 11, 1875. J. M. McGrew July 1, 1875. Jacob H. Ela June 2, 1881. Daniel McConville March 26, 1885. REGISTERS. Name. Appointed. Joseph Nourse Sept. 11, 1789. Thomas L. Smith June 1, 1829. Ransom H. Gillett April 1,1845. Daniel Graham June 4, 1847. Allen A. Hall April 9, 1849. Townsend Halues Feb. 13, 1850. Nathan Sargent Nov. 1, 1851. Finley Bigger -. April 20, 1853. L. E. Chittenden April 17, 1861. Stoddard B. Colby .....Aug. 12,1864. Noah L. Jeffries Sept. 3, 1867. John Allison April 3, 1869. GlenniW. Scofield March 28, 1878. Blanche K. Bruce May 19, 1881. W. S. Rosecrans June 4, 1885. COMPTROLLERS OF THE CURRENCY. Name. Appointed. Hugh McCulloch May 9, 1863. Freeman Clarke March 9, 1865. Hiland R. Hulburd Feb. 6, 1867. John Jay Kiiox April 25, 1882. Henry W. Cannon May 2, 1884. SOLICITORS. Name. Appointed. Virgil Maxey May 20, 1830. Henry D. Gilpin Sept. 25, 1837. Matthew Birchard Jan. 19,1840. Charles B. Penrose Sept. 19, 1841. Seth Barton March 25, 1845. Ransom H. Gillett May 27, 1847. John C. Clark July 23, 1850. George F. Comstock Nov. 15, 1852. F. B. Streeter Jan. 23, 1854. Junios Hillyer .Dec. 1, 1857. Edward Jordan March 28, 1861. Bluford Wilson June 22, 1874. George F. Talbot . % July 24, 1876. Kenneth Rayner June 30, 1877. Alexander McCue April 2, 1885. COMMISSIONERS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. Name. Appointed. George S. Boutwell July 17, 1862. Joseph J. Lewis March 4, 1863. William Orton July 1, 1865. Edward A. Rollins Nov. 1, 1865. Columbus Delano March 5, 1869. John W. Douglass Aug. 8, 1871. D. D. Pratt , May 4, 1875. Green B. Raum Aug. 2, 1876. Walter Evans May 21, 1883. Joseph S. Miller March 18, 1885. DIRECTORS OF THE MINT. Name. Appointed. David Rittenhouse July, 1792. Henry W. De Saussure July, 1795. Elias Boudinot Oct., 1795. Robert Patterson July, 1805. Samuel Moore July, 1824. Robert M. Patterson July, 1835. George N. Eckert July, 1851. Thomas M. Pettit April, 1853. James R. Snowden June, 1853. Henry R. Linderman April 1, 1867. James Pollock April, 1869. Horatio C. Burchard Feb., 1879. James P. Kimball June 27, 1885. DEPARTMENT OF WAR. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Name. Appointed. Thomas A. Scott March, 1861. P. H. Watson Jan. 22, 1862. John Tucker Jan.. 27, 1862. C. P. Wolcott Sept. 1, 1862. Charles A. Dana March 1, 1864. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Name. Appointed. Gustavus V. Fox July 31, 1861. William Faxon June 1, 1866. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. ASSISTANT SECRETAEIES. Name. Appointed. John P. Usher March 20, 1862. William F. Otto Jan. 28, 1863. Benjamin R. Coweu April 17, 1871. Charles T. Gorharn March 10, 1876. Alonzo Bell April 9, 1877. M. L. Joslyn July 28, 1882. Henry L. Muldrow (First Assistant)... July 1, 1885. George A. Jenks July 1, 1885. COMMISSIONERS OF PATENTS. Name. Appointed. Henry L. Ellsworth July 4, 1836. Edmund Burke May 5, 1845. Thomas Ewbank May 9, 1849. Silas H. Hodges Nov. 1, 1852. Charles Mason March 24, 1853. Joseph Holt Sept. 9, 1857. William D. Bishop May 7, 1859. Philip F. Thomas Feb. 15, 1860. David P. Holloway March 28, 1861. Thomas C. Theaker Aug. 15, 1865. Elisha Foote July 28, 1868. SamuelS. Fisher May 1, 1869. Mortimer D. Leggett Jan. 16, 1871. John M. Thacher Nov. 1, 1874. - Ixxxii TABULAR RECORDS. R. Holland Duell Oct. 1, 1875 Ellis Spear Jan. 30, 1877 HalbertE. Paine Nov. 1, 1878 Edgar M. Marble May 7, It-" Benjamin Butterworth Oct. 26, 1883 M. V. Montgomery March 20, 1885 COMMISSION* KKS OF PENSION S. Name. Appointed. James L. Edwards March 3, 1833 JamesE. Heath Nov. 27, 1850 Loren P. Waldo March 17, 1853 Josiah Minot Aug. 1, 1855 George C. Whit ins; Jan. 19, 1857, Joseph H. Barrett April 15, 1861. Christopher C. Cox July 28, 1868. Henry Van Aernam May 1, 1869. James H. Baker April 20, 1871. Henry M. Atkinson March 26, 1875. Charles R. Gill Feb. 10, 1876. John A. Bentley March 28, 1876. William W. Dudley June 27, 1881. John C. Black . March 10, 1885. COMMISSIONERS OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE. Name. Appointed. Edward Tiffin May 7, 1812. Josiah Meigs Oct. 11, 1814. John McLean Sept. 11, 1822. George Graham June 26, 1823. Elijah Hayward Sept. 30, 1830. Ethan A. Brown July 24, 1835. James Whitcomb Oct. 21, 1836. Elisha M. Hunting-ton July 2, 1841. Thomas H. Blake.. May 19, 1842. James Shields April 16, 1845. Richard M. Young Jan. 6, 1847. Justin Butterfield July 1, 1849. John Wilson Sept. 16, 1852. Thomas A. Hendrirks Aug. 8, 1855. Samuel A. Smith Oct. 13, 1859. Joseph S. Wilson Feb. 23, 1860. James M. Edmunds March 19, 1861. Josephs. Wilson Sept. 1, 1866. Willis Drummond Feb. 4, 1871. SamuelS. Burdett July ij 1874. James A. Williamson June 24, 1876. Noah C. McFarland Tune 17, 1881. William A. J. Sparks March 26, 1885. COMMISSIONERS OF EDUCATION. Name. Appointed. Henry Barnard March 14, 1867 John Eaton Marchl6, 1870. COMMISSIONERS OF RAILROADS. Name. Appointed. Theophilus French Tulv j 5973 W. H. Armstrong Feb. 9J 1882! Joseph E. Johnston April 2 1885 COMMISSIONERS OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Name. Appointed. Elbert Herring j u ] y 10) 1832 Carey A Harris Iuly 4 183(J i. Hartley Crawford Oct. 22 1838 William Medill Oct. 28, 1815 Orlando Brown May 31 1849 ^ L w Vr Jul ^ 1 185 - George W. Manypenny March 24. 1853 James W. Denver April 17, 1857 paries E. Mix )une H less! James W. Denver ^ ov . g 1858 Alfred B. Greenwood May 4* 1859 William P. Dole March 13, 1861. Dennis N. Cooley July 10, 1865. Lewis V. Bogy v Nov. 1, 1866. Nathaniel G. Taylor March 29, 1867. ElyS. Parker April 21, 1869. Francis A. Walker Nov. 21, 1871. Edward P. Smith March 20, 1873. John Q. Smith Dec. 11, 1875. Ezra A. Hayt Sept. 27, 1877. Rowland E. Trowbridge March 15, 1880. Hiram Price May 4, 1881. John D. C. Atkins March 20, 1885. SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE CENSUS. Name.. Appointed. Joseph C. G. Kennedy.... 1850. James D. B. DeBow March, 1853. Joseph C. G. Kennedy Tune 1, I860. Francis A. Walker.... Feb. 7, 1870. " April 1, 1879! Charles W. Seaton Nov. 1, 1881. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. [Three Assistant Attorneys-General.] ASSISTANT ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. Fame. Appointed. Alfred B. McCalmont March, 1859. Titian J. Coney March, 186l! J. HubleyAshton May, 1864. John M. Binckley 18G7. J. HubleyAshton Inly, 1868. T. Lyle Dickey July, 1868! Walbridge A. Field 1869. Thomas H. Talbot 1869 Clement H. Hill ]S7<Y Walter H. Smith is7l! William McMichael 1871. John Goforth j 873 John Cessna 1875. Thomas Simons 1875 Edwin B. Smith 1875. Augustus S. Gaylonl 1875. E. M. Marble 1877! A. A. Freeman 1877 Joseph K. McCammon 1880. William A. Maury 1882. Robert A. Howard 1885. SOLICITORS-GENERAL. Name. Benjamin H. Bristo\v Samuel F. Phillips John Goode.... Appointed. 1870. 1872. 1885. DEPARTMENT OF THE POST OFFICE. FIRST ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. Name. Seth Pease \.... Abraham Bradley, Jr.... Phineas Bradley Charles K. Gardner 3elah R. Hobbie S. D. Jacobs...^ Selah R. Hobbie ioratio King , fohnA. Kasson Alexander W. Randall.. St. John B. L. Skinner. eorge Earle Tames W. Marshall Fames H. Marr, ad int... James W. Marshall... Appointed. 1816. 1817. 1818. 1829. 1836. 1851. 1853. 1854. .1861. 1862. 1866. 1869. 1869. 1874. 1874. TABULAR RECORDS. James N. Tyner , Frank Hatton A dial E. Stevenson. 187; }. 1881. 1885. SECOND ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS GENERAL. Name. Selah R. Hobble Robert Johnson PhiloC. Fuller John C. Bryan J. W. Tyson X. M. Miller William Medill William J. Brown.... Fitz Henry Warren.. William H. Dundas.. George W. McLellan. Giles A. Smith John L. Routt James N. Tyner Thomas J. Brady Richard A. Elmer A. Leo Knott Appointed. 1829. 1836. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1845. 1851. 1852. 1861. 1869. 1871. 1875. 1876. 1881. 1885. THIRD ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS-GEVEKAL Name. Appoiii Daniel Coleman .............................. John S. Skinner ............................ N. M. Miller .................................. John Marron ................................. Alexander N. Zevelv ....................... W. H. H. Terrell ........................... Edward W. Barber .......................... A. D. Hazen .................................. 183fi. 1841. 1845. 1859. 1*69. 1873. 1877. PAY TABLE OF THE LEADING CIVIL OFFICERS. President of the United States, per annum, $50,000. Vice-President of the United States, per annum, $8,000. Cabinet Ministers, per annum, $8,000. Chief Justice Supreme Court, per annum, $10,500. Justices of the Supreme Court, per annum. $10,000. Senators and Representatives in Congress, with mileage, per annum. 5,000. Speaker House of Representatives, with mileage, per annum, $8,000. Secretary of the Senate, per annum, $5,000. Clerk House of Representatives, per annum, $5.000. Assistant Secretaries of Departments, per annum, $3.500 to $4.500. Head of Bureaus, per annum, $3,000 to $6,000. Superintendent Coast Survey, per annum, $6,000. Judges District of Columbia, per annum, $3,000. Secretary Smithsonian Institution, per annum, $4.000. Ministers Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, per annum, $17,500. Ministers Plenipotentiary to Spain, Austria, China, Italy, Mexico. Brazil, and Japan, per annum, $12,000. Ministers Resident and Plenipotentiary to Chili, Peru, Uruguay, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras. Nicaragua, and Salvador, per annum, $10,000. Ministers Resident to Portugal, Belgium, Nether lands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, Hawaiian Islands, Hayti. Columbia, Vene zuela, Ecuador, Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Bolivia and Greece, per annum, $7,500. Interpreter and Secretary of Legation to China, per annum, $5,000. 1 >ragoman and Secretary of Legation to Turkey, per annum, $3,000 Consul-General to Cairo, per annum, $4,000. Consuls-General to London, Paris, Havana, and Rio Janeiro, per annum, $6,000. Consuls-General to Calcutta and Shanghai, per an num, $5,000. Consul-General to Melbourne, per annum, $4,500. . Consuls-General to Kanagawa, Montreal, and Ber lin, per annum, $4,000. Consuls-General to Vienna, Frankfort, Rome, and Constantinople, per annum, $3,000. Consuls-General to Turkey and Egypt, per annum, $3,500. Consuls-General to St. Petersbui^ and Mexico, per annum, $2,000. Consul-General to Liverpool, per annum, $(i,000. Secretaries of Legation, from $1,500 to $2,625. Consuls from $1,000 to $7,000. With regard to the Postmasters, Collectors of the Revenue, Territorial Governors and Judges, and other officers employed throughout the country, they are too numerous to be designated in this place. THE JUDICIARY. Tlie Supreme Court of the United Stales. (Eight Associate Justices.) CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE UNITED STATES. Numc. Ti rm uf scrri -c. John Jay 1789-1795 John Rutledge 1795 Oliver Ellsworth 1795-1799 John Marshall 1801-1835 Roger Brooke Taney 1 836-1 8 >4 Salmon Portland Chase ..18<;4-1873 Morrison R. Waite 1874- ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Name. T< rm of service. John Rutledge 1789-1791 William Gushing 1789-1810 James Wilson 1789-1798 John Blair 1789-1796 Robert H. Harrison 1789-1790 James Iredell 1790-1799 Thomas Johnson 1" 9 1-1793 William Patterson 1793-1808 Samuel Chase 1796-1811 Bushrod Washington 1798-1821) Alfred Moore 1799-1804 W T illiam Johnson 1804-1834 Brockholst Livingston 1806-1 823 Thomas Todd 1807-1826 Gabriel Dnval 1811-1836 Joseph Story 1811-1845 Smith Thompson 1823-1843 Robert Trimble 1826-1828 John McLean 1829-1861 Henry Baldwin 1830-1846 James M. Wayne 1835-1867 Philip P. Barbour 1836-1841 JohnCatron 1837-1865 John McKinley 1837-1852 Peter V. Daniel 1841-1860 Samuel Nelson 1845-1872 Levi Woodbury 1845-1851 Robert C. Grier 1846-1870 Benjamin R. Curtis 1851-1857 John A. Campbell 1853-1861 Nathan Clifford 1858-1881 Noah H. Swayne 1862-1881 Samuel F. Miller 1862- David Davis 18C2-1877 Ixxxiv TABULAR RECORDS. Stephen J Fidel 1863- Duval, Thomas H. Lucas, John B. C. Edwin VI Stanton 1869 Dyer, Charles E. Marchant, Henry. 1870-1880 Dyer, John J. Marvin, William. Joseph P Bradley 1870- Edwards, Fieirepout. Mason, John Y. Ward Hunt 1873-188:? Erskine, John. McCaleb, Thomas H. John M Harlan 1877- Field, Richard S. McCandless, Wilson. William R "Wnnrfa 1880- Fisher. John. McCormick, A. P. 1881- Foster, Cassius G. McCoy, Henry K. 1882- Fox, Edward. McDonald, David. 1882- Frazer, Philip. McGrath. A. G. Gaillard, Theodore. McNairy, John. JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURTS. Gayle, John. McQueen, Mclntosh. Bassett, Richard. Kilty, William. Gholson, Samuel J. Miller, Andrew J. Baxter, John. Lee, Charles. Gibbons, Thomas. Monroe, Thomas B. Bee, Thomas. Lowell, John. Giles, William E. Morrill, Amos. Benson, Egbert. Lowell, John. Gilchrist, Robert B. Morris, Robert. Bond, Hugh L. McAllister, Matt. H. Glenn, Elias. Morris, Thomas J. Bourne, Benjamin. Brewer, David J. McClung, William. McCrary, George W. Gresham, Walter Q. Griffin, Cyrus. Nelson, Reusseluer R. Nelson, Thomas L. Clay, Joseph, Jr. McKennon, William. Haight, Fletcher M. Nicoll, John C. Colt, Le B. B. Magill, Charles. Hall, Dominick A. Nixon, John T. Cranch, William. Marshall, James. Hall, Nathan K. Ogier, Isaac S. K. Dillon, John F. Morsell, James S. Hall, Willard. Paca, William. Drummond, Thomas. Parclee, Don A. Hallett, Moses. Paine, Elijah. Duckett, Allen B. Potter, Henry. Hallyburton, James D. Parker, Isaac C. Dunlop, William. Sawyer, Lorenzo. Hammond, Eli S. Parker, Thomas. Emmons, Halmer H. Shipley, George F. Harper, Samuel H. Parris. Albion K. Fitzhugh, Nicholas. Sitgreaves, John. Harvey, Matthew. Paul, John. Gaillard, Theodore. Smith, Jeremiah. Hay, George. Peck, J. H. Gresham, Walter Q. Taylor, George K. Heath, Upton S. Pendleton, Edmund. Griffith, William. Thruston, Buckner. Hill, Robert A. Peunington, W. S. Hall, Dominick A. Tilghman, William. Hill, William H. I ennybacker, Isaac S. Harris, Edward. Wallace, William J. Hillyer, Edgar W. Peters, Richard. Hitchcock, Samuel. Wolcott, Oliver. Hitchcock, Samuel. Pickering, John. Ingersoll, Jared. Woodruff, Lewis B. Hobart, John S. Pinckney, Thomas. Johnson, Thomas. Woods, William B. Hoffman, Ogden. Pitman, John. Key, Philip Barton. Holman, Jesse L. Poindexter, George. Holmes, John. Pope, Nathaniel. JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS. Hopkins, James C. Potter, Henry. Acheson, Marcus W. Bullock, James R. Hopkinson, Francis. Prentiss, Samuel. Adams, George. Bunn, Romanzo E. Hopkinson, Joseph. Randall, Archibald. Allen, Richard C. Busteed, Richard. Houston, James. Randall, T. Baldwin, Alex. W. Butler, Richard. Howell, Daniel. Randolph, Peter. Ballard, Bland. Byrd, Charles W. Hughes, Robert W. Read, Jacob. Barbour, Philip. Cadwalader, John. Huntington, Elisha M. Ringo, Daniel. Barnes, David L. Caldwell, Alexander. Inn is, Harry. Rives, Alexander. Barr, John W. Caldwell, Henry C. Irwin, Thomas. Rossell, William. Bee, Thomas. Cameron, John A. Jackson, John J., Jr. Sabin, Chauncey M. Bedford, Gunning. Benedict, Charles L. Campbell, J. W. Carmack, Samuel W. Johnson Benjamin. Johnson, Thomas. Sabin, George M. Sage, George R. Betts, Samuel R. Carpenter, George M. Jones, J. M. Serrell, David. Biggs, Asa. Chipman, Nathaniel. Jones, Obadiali. Settle, Thomas. Billings, Edward C. Clark, Daniel. Jones, William G. Seymour, Augustus S. Bland, Theodoric. Clay, Joseph, Jr. Jordan, Dillon. Jr. Sherburne, John S. Blatchford, Samuel. Colt, Le Barron B. Judson, Andrew T. Sherman, Charles T. Blodgett, Henry W. Conkling, Alfred. Kane, John K. Shields, William B. Boarman, Aleck. Coxe, Alfred O. Key, David M. Shipman, Nathaniel. Bond, Hugh L. Crawford, Thomas H. Knowles, John P. Shiras, Oliver P. Bourne, Benjamin. Creighton, William, Jr. Krekel, Arnold. Simpson, Josiah. Boyce, Henry. Boynton, Thomas J. Cuyler, Jeremiah. Daniel, Peter V. Lacey, Thomas J. Lane, George W. Sitgreaves, John. Skinner, Roger. Boyle, John. Bradford, Edward G. Davie, William R. Davies, William. Laurance, John. Law, Richard. Smalley, David A. Smith, Caleb B. Brearley, David. Breckenridge H. M. Bristol, William. Brockenbrough, J. W. Davis, John. Deady, Matthew P. Delahay, Mark W. Dick, John. Lawrence, Philip K. Lawrence, William W. Lea, John M. Leake, Walter. Smith, Joseph L. Speer, Emory. Sprague, Peleg. Sprigg, William. Brockenbrough. W. H. Bronson, Isaac H. Brooks, George W. Dick, Robert P. Dickerson, Philemon. Douglass, Samuel I. Leavitt, Humphrey H. Lee, Thomas. Lewis, William, Stephens, William. Stewart, Alexander. Stokes, John. Brown, Addison. Brown, Henry B. Dray ton, John. Drayton, William. Livingston, Broekholst. Locke, James W. Storey, William. Sullivan, John. Brown, Morgan W. Bruce, John. Bryan, George S. Duane, James. Dundy, Elmer S. Durell, Edward H. Longyear, John W. Love, James M. Lowell, John. Swing, Philip B. Tait, Charles. Tallmadge, Mathias B. TABULAR RECORDS. Ixxxv Thomas, Jesse B. Thompson, John. Tompkins, Daniel D. Touliuiu, Mam . Towles, Thomas. Treat, Sauniel H. Trigg, Connolly F. Trimble, Robert. Troup, Robert.. Tucker, St. George. Turner, Ezekiel B. Tyler, John. Underwood, John C. Van Ness, William P. Wales, Leonard E. Walker, John II. Ware, Ashur. Watrous, John C. Webb, Nathan. Welker, Martin. Wells, Robert W. Wheeler, Hoyt H. Wilkins, William. Wilkins. Ross. Williams, Archibald. Wilson, Hiram V. Winchester, James. Withey, Solomon L. Woods, William A. Yell, Archibald. JUDGES OF THE TEKKITORIAL COURTS. Allyn, Joseph P. Anderson, Joseph. Armor, Charles Lee. Axtell, Samuel B. Backus, Henry T. Baker, Grafton. Balch, Alfred. Barnes, Alanson H. Barnes, William H. Bartlett, Asa. Bates. Frederick. Bates, J. Woodson. Belford, James B. Bell, Joseph. Benedict, K. Bennett, G. G. Bent, Silas. Black, Samuel W. Blackwood, William G. Blair, Jacob B. Blake, Henry N. Bliss, Philemon. Boone, William F. Boreman, Jacob S. Boyle, John W. Bradford, Allen A. Brandeburg, L. G. Bradley. James. Brinker, William H. Bristol, Warren. Brochus, P. E. Broderick, Case. Brookings, W. W. Brown, James. Bruin, Peter B. Bryant, William P. Buck, Norman. Bumngton, .Joseph. Bullit, George. Burnett, Peter H. Burrell, J. M. Carter, Harley II. Cartter, David K. Gary, Joseph M. Cato, Sterling G. Chatfield, A. G. Chenowith, F. A. Chipman, Henry. Church, Louis K. Church, William E. Clark, William. Clayton, Alexander M. Coburn, John. Cole, Orsamus. Conger, E. J. Cooper, David. Cox, WalterS. Cradlebaugh, John. Cranch, William. Crawford, William. Crosbie, Henry R. Cross, Edward. Cummings, John. Darwin, C. B. Davenport, J. J. Davis, Thomas T. DeLisle, Moreau. Dixon, Luther C. Doty, James D. Drake, Thomas J. Drummond, William W Duaue, Edmund F. Duffield, George. Duncan, Charles. Dunn, Charles. Easton, Rufus. Eckles, Delano R. Edgerton, Alonzo P. Edgerton, Sidney. Edmunds, G. Ellis, Powhattan. Elmore, R. Emerson, Philip II. Erwin, David. Eskeridge, Thomas P. Eyster, C. S. Ferguson, Fenner. Fisher, George P. Fisher, Joseph W. Fisk, James. Fitts, Oliver. Fitzhugh, Edw. C. Flandraw, Charles E. Flenniker, R. P. Francis. William 11. Frazier, William C. French, C. E. G. French, C. G. W. Fuller, Jerome. Galbraith, William J. Gale, William H. (Hlman, Joseph. Gleason. William E. Gorshire, William R. Goodrich. A. Goodwin, John N. Green, Roger S. Griffin, John. Giiswold, Stanley. Hagner, C. E. Hall, Augustus. Hall, Benjamin F. Hallett, Moses. Hardin, E. R. Harding, Stephen S. llawley, Cyrus M. Hays, James B. Henderson. William F. Hewitt, C. C. Heydenfelt, S. Hollister, M. E. Holley, Charles F. Hoogland, M. Hoover, Wilson W. Hosmer, H. L. Howe, John H. Howell, William T. Hoyt, John P. Hubbell, Sidney A. Hudson, Sanford H. Humphreys, David C. Hunter, John A. Huntington, Samuel. Irwin, David. Jacobs, Orange. James, C. P. Jewett, C. C. Johnson, D. B. Johnson, Hezekiah S. Jones, Horatio. Jones, Obadiah. Kellogg, William Pitt. Kelly, Milton. Kennedy, James K. Ker, David. Kidder, J. P. Kingman, John W. Kinney, I. F. Kirby, Ephraim. Knapp, Joseph G. Knowles, Hiram. Lacey, John W. Lander, Edward. Laugford, William G. Leake, Walter. Lecompte. Samuel D. Lewis, Joseph R. Lewis, Joshua. Lewis, Seth. Locke, Powhattan B. Lockwood, William F. Lucas, John B. C. Lyons, H. A. .Martin, Francis X. .Mason, Charles. .Matthews, George, Jr. McArthur, Arthur. McBride, John R. McCandless, Charles. McConnell, William B. McCurdy, S. P. McFadden, O. B. McGuire, William. McKean, James B. McNairy, John. Meeker, B. B. Meigs, Return J. Meigs, Return J. , Jr. Miller, A. J. Miller, Joseph. Milligan, Samuel. Monroe, V. Moody, Gideon C. Morell, George. Morgan, John T. Morsell, James S. Mott, Gordon N. Mower, Horace. f Munson, Lyman E. Murphy, John L. Murray, H. C. Nelson, R. R. Nelson, Thomas. Noggle, David. North, John W. Olin, Abraham B. Oliphant, E. P. Olney, Cyrus. Paine, Bryan. Pal in, John G. Palmer, Cornelius S. Parke, Benjamin. Parks, Samuel C. Parsons, Samuel H. Peck, William Ware. Peery, William. Petit, John. Pettis, S. Newton. Pinney, Daniel H. Poindexter, George. Pollard, Charles R. Porter, De Forest. Porter, William W. Potter, E. D. Powers, 0. W. Pratt, O. C. Prevost, John B. Prickett, Henry E. Prince, L. Bradford. Putnam, Rut us. Read, Lazarus H. Keavis, Ishani. Reid, Robert R. Robertson, T. B. Rodney, Thomas. Scott, Andrew. Scott, James. Selden, Joseph. Sener, James B. Service, Francis G. Shaeffer, Michael. Shannon, Peter C. Shaver, Leonidas. Sheldon, A. W. Sherburne, Moses. Sherman, Henry. Shields, John C. Shrader, Otto. Sibley, Solomon. Sinclair, Charles E. Smith, Allcock C. Snow, Zerubbabel. Sprigg, William. Stilea, George P. Stillwell, William H. Strickland, A. F. Strong, William. Stuart, Alexander. Symines, John C. Taylor, Walter. Thomas, E. A. Thompson, John. Thompson, William G. Thurston, Buckner. Tilton, Daniel. Titus, John. Toulmin, Harry. Towles, Thomas. Trimble, William. Tripp, Bartlett. Turner, George. Turner, William F. Tweed, Charles A. Twiss, Stephen P. Vanderburg, Henry. Van Long, Elisha. Ixxxvi TABULAR R E C O It D S , Williams, Joseph L. Williston, Lorenzo P. Wilson, T. S. Wingard, Samuel C. Witherall, James. "\Voodbridge, William. Woodward, A. B. Wyche, James E. Wylie, Andrew. Zaiie, Charles S. Wade, Derius S. Waite, Charles B. Waldo, H. L. Wakeley, Eleazer. Watts, John S. Webb, James. Welch, William H. Wells, Ebene/.er T. Whiston, William C. Williams, George H. Williams, Joseph. DIPLOMATIC AGENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, Prior to 1789. [FROM THE OFFICIAL REPORTS OF THE DEPART MENT OF STATE.] SILAS DEANE, of Connecticut: Sent to France, March, 1776, by the Committee of Secret Correspondence of Congress, and au thorized to act as a political and commercial agent of the United States. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania; SILAS DEANE, of Connecticut; and THOMAS JEFFER SON, of Virginia: Elected Commissioners, September 26, 1776, to take charge of American affairs in Europe, and to procure a treaty of alliance with France. Mr. JEFFERSON declined, and ARTHUR LEE, of Virginia, Was, October 22, 1776, elected in his place. Mr. LEE was then in London and Mr. DEANE in Paris. Dr. FRANKLIN sailed from Philadel phia, October 26, 1770, and reached Paris about December 20, 177(i. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania: Elected January 1, 1774, by Congress, Commis sioner to Spain, and commissioned as such on the following day. ARTHUR LEE. of Virginia: Elected, May 1, 1777, by Congress, Commissioner to Spain, and commissioned as such June 5, 1777; but he did not go there in that capacity. Mr. JAY S appointment as Minister superseded him. RALPH IZARD, of South Carolina: Elected by Congress, May 7, 1777, Commissioner to Tuscany, and commissioned as such July 1, 1777. He did not visit Tuscany, and was re called June 8, 1779. WILLIAM LEE, of Virginia: Elected, May 9, 1777, Commissioner to communi cate and treat with the Emperor of Germany, and also with the King of Prussia, and he was commissioned as such July 1, 1777. He was unable to visit either court, and was recalled by resolution of Congress, June 9, 1779. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts; Elected a Commissioner, November 28, 1777, in the place of Silas Deaue, who was recalled No vember 21, 1777. September 14, 1778, the commission wa$ dis solved, and BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania. Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to Fr; nco. He was commissioned October 26, 1778 J3HN JAY, of New York: Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, Sep tember 27, 1779, to negotiate a treaty of alli ance and of amity and commerce. He arrived in Madrid in the spring of 1780. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts: Elected. September 27, 1779, Minister Plenipo tentiary ior negotiating a treaty of peace and a treaty of commerce with Great Britain. WILLIAM CARMIC1IAEL, of Maryland: Elected, September 28, 1779, Secretary of Lega tion to Spain. When Mr. JAY left Spain (in June, 1782,) Mr. CARMICHAEL was left as Charge d 1 Affaires ad interim. He was formally recognized as Charge, February, 1783, and re mained at Madrid under that appointment until re-appointed as such September 29, 1"89. He was re-commissioned the following April. FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts: Elected, September 28, 1779, Secretary of Lega tion, to accompany Mr. JOHN ADAMS, ap pointed as above. HENRY LAURENS, of South Carolina: Elected, October 21, 1779, to negotiate a loan in Holland; elected, November 1, 1779, and same day empowered to negotiate a treaty with Holland. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts: Empowered, June 20, 1780, to negotiate a treaty with Holland, in the place of LAURENS, who had been made prisoner by the enemy. FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts: Was elected, December 19, 1780, Minister-Resi dent in Russia. He was never received as such. JOHN LAURENS, of South Carolina: Commissioned, December 23, 1780, Special Min ister to France to solicit new aid. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts; JOHN JAY, of New York; HENRY LAURENS, of South Caro lina; BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania; THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia: Empowered, June 15, 1781, to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania: Commissioned, September 28, 1782, to negotiate a treaty with Sweden. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts; BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania; and THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia: Empowered, May 12, 1784, to conclude treaties of Commerce with Russia, Germany, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, England. Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sardinia, the Pope, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, the Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, Tunis. On the 3d day of June, 1784, the same Plenipotentiaries were empowered to conclude a supplementary treaty with Sweden. DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut: Elected, May 12, 1784, the Secretary to the Com mission for Negotiating ,the Treaties of Com merce. THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia: Commissioned, March 10, 1785, Minister Pleni potentiary to France. He remained in France until the close of September, 1789. On the 12th of October, 1787, he was re-elected for a term of three years, subject to the revocation of Congress. JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts: Appointed, March 14, 1785, Minister Plenipoten tiary to Great Britain. Mr. ADAMS took leave of the king, February 20, 1788. JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts: Appointed, March 14, 1785, Secretary of Lega tion to Great Britain. THOMAS ROWLEY: October 5, 1785, Mr. ADAMS and Mr. JEFFER SON, under powers from Congress, empowered him to conclude a Treaty with Morocco, and JOHN LAMB At the same time empowered to COB elude one with Algiers. TABULAK RECORDS. Lxxxvii Since 1789. ALGIERS. Name and Staff,. Date of commission. David Humphreys, Connecticut ....... March 21, 1793. William Shaler, (Consul-General at Algiers); Commodores William Bainbridge and Decatur ............ April 9, 1815 William Shaler (C onsul-General at Algiers) and Commodore Isaac Chauncey.... ........................... Aug. 4, 181G. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND ARGENTINE CONFED ERATION. Csesar A. Rodney, of Delaware; John Graham, of Virginia; and Theo- dorick Bland, of Virginia ............ Tnly 18, 1817. Cjcsar A. Rodney, Delaware .............. Ian. 27, 1823. John M. Forbes. Florida .................. March 9, 1825. Francis Baylies, Massachusetts .......... Ian. 3, 1832. Harvey M. Watterson, Tennessee ...... Sept. 26, 1843. William Brent, Jr., Virginia ............ June 14, 1844. William A. Harris, Virginia ............ Feb. 19, 1846. John S. Pendleton, Virginia ............ Feb. 27, 1851. Joseph Graham, Ohio ...................... March 11, 1854. James A. Peden, Florida ................. June 29, 1854. Benjamin C. Yancey, Georgia ............ lune 14, 1858. John F. Cushman, Mississippi .......... July 18. 1859. Robert M. Palmer, Pennsylvania ...... March28, 1861. RobertC. Kirk, Ohio ....................... March 4, 1862. Alexander, Asboth, Missouri ............ March 12, 1866. H. G. Worthington, Nevada ............. June 5. 1868. RobertC. Kirk, Ohio ...................... April 16 , 1869. Dexter E. Clapp, New York ............. Nov. 4, 1871. Julius White, Illinois ...................... Tuly 23, 1872. Thomas O. Osborn, Illinois .............. Feb. 10, 1874. Bayliss W. Hanna, Indiana .............. June 17, 1885. AUSTRIA AND .AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Name and State. Date of commission. Nathaniel Niles, Vermont ................ Tune 7, 1837. Henry A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvauia..Feb. 8, 1838. J. Randolph Clay, Pennsylvania ....... Sept. 13, 1839. Daniel Jenifer, Maryland ................. Aug. 27, 1841. William H. Stiles, Georgia ............... April 19, 1845. James Watson Webb, New York ...... Nov. 1, 1849. Charles J. McCurdy, Connecticut ...... Sept. 27, 1850. Thomas M. Foote, New York ........... Sept. 16, 1852. Henry R. Jackson, Georgia ............... May 24, 1853. J. Glancy Jones, Pennsylvania ......... Dec. 15, 1858. Anson Burlingame, Massachusetts ..... March 22, 1861. J. Lothrop Motley, Massachusetts ..... Aug. 10, 1861. John Hay, Illinois .......................... Aug. 20, 1867. Henry M. Watts, Pennsylvania ........ July 25, 1868. John Jay, New York ....................... April 13, 1869. Godlove S. Orth, Indiana ............... March 9, 1875. Ed ward F.Beale, District of Columbia.. June 1, 1876. John A. Kasson, Iowa ..................... June 11, 1877. Alphonso Taft, Ohio ........................ April 26, 1882. John M. Francis, New York ............ 1884. Name and State. Date of commission. Hugh S. Legare. South Carolina ........ April 14, 1832. Virgil Maxey, Maryland .................. June 16, 1837. Henry W. Hilliard, Alabama ............ May 12, 1842. Thomas G. Clemson, Pennsylvania. ...June 17, 1844. Richard H. Bayard, Delaware .......... Dec. 10, 1850. J. J. Seibels, Alabama ..................... May 24, 1853. Elisha T. Fair, Alabama .................. June 14, 1858. Henry S. San ford, Connecticut .......... March 20, 1861. J. Russell Jones, Illinois .................. June 1, 1869. Ayers P. Merrill, Mississippi ............ Jan. 7, 1876. William C. Goodloe, Kentucky ......... March 4, 1878. James O. Putnam, New York Tune 4, 1880. Nicholas Fish, New York April 28, 1882. Lambert Tree, Illinois July 3, 1885. BOLIVIA. Name and State. Date of commission. John Appleton. Maine March 30, 1848. Alexander K. McClung, Mississippi... May 29, 1849. Horace 11. Miller. Mississippi Feb. 10. 1852. John W. Dana, Maine Aug. 26^ 1853. John C. Smith, Connecticut June 14, David K. Cartter, Ohio March27, 1861. Allen A. Hall, Tennessee April 21, 18G3. John W. Caldwell, Ohio June 18, 1868. Leopold Markbreit, Ohio April 16, 1,869. John T. Croxton, Kentucky Dec. 20, 1872. Robert M. Reynolds, Alabama June 17. 1*~,4. S. Newton Pettis, Pennsylvania Sept. 4, 1878. Charles Adams, Colorado April 6. 1-HO. George Maney, Tennessee April 17, l**v!. Richard Gibbs, New York June 18, L883. William A. Seay, Louisiana May 9, 1885. BRAZIL. Name and State. Date of commission. Condy Raguet. Pennsylvania March 9, 1825. William Tudor, Massachusetts Tune 26, 1827. Ethan A. Brown, Ohio May 26, 1830. William Hunter, Rhode Island luue 28, 1834. George H. Proffit, Indiana June 7, 1*4. ;. Henry A. Wise, Virginia Feb. 8, 1844. David Tod, Ohio. March 3, 1-47. RobertC. Schenck, Ohio Marchl2, 1851. William Trousdale, Tennessee May 24, 1*5:;. Richard K. Meade. Virginia July 27. 1857. James Watson Webb, New York May 31, 1861. Henry T. Blow, Missouri May 1, 1*69. James R. Partridge, Maryland May 23, 1871. Henry W. Hilliard, Georgia July 31, 1877. Thomas A. Osborn, Kansas May 19, 1881 Thomas J. Jarvis, North Carolina April 2, 1885" CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES. Name and State. Date of commit>*i i. John Williams, Tennessee Dec. 29, 1 8:25. William B. Rochester, New York March 3, 1*27 James Shannon, Ohio Feb. 9, 1832. Charles G. De Witt, New York Tan. 29, 1*33. William S. Murphy, Ohio luly 28, 1*41. George Williamson, Louisiana May 17, 1873. Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois April 2, 1879. Henry C. Hall. New York July 13, 1882. CHILI. Name and State. Date of commission. Heman Allen, Vermont Tan. 27, 1823. Samuel Lamed, Rhode Island Feb. 29, ] 828. John Hamm, Ohio May 26, 1830. Richard Pollard, Virginia June 28, 1834. John S. Pendleton, Virginia Aug. 16, 1841. William Crump, Virginia April 10, 1844. Seth Barton, Louisiana May 27, 1847. Balie Peyton, Tennessee Aug. 9, 1849. David A. Starkweather, Ohio June 29, 1*54. John Bigler, California April 2, 1857. Thomas H. Nelson, Indiana June 1, 1861. Judson Kilpatrick, New Jersey Nov. 11, 1865. Joseph P. Root, Kansas Sept. 15, 1870. Cornelius A. Logan, Kansas Marchl7, 1873. Thomas A. Osborn, Kansas May 31, 1877. Judson Kilpatrick, New Jersey 1881. Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois MarehlS, 1882. William R. Roberts, New York Vpril 2, 1885. Ixxxviii TABULAR RECORDS. CHINA. Name and State. Date of commission. Caleb Gushing, Massachusetts May 8, 1843. Alexander H. Everett, Massachusetts.. March 13, 1845. John W. Davis, Indiana Jan. 3, 1* Humphrey Marshall, Kentucky Aug. 4, 1852. Robert M. McLane, Maryland Oct. 18, 1853. William B. Reed, Pennsylvania April 18, 1857. John E. Ward, Georgia Dec. 15, 1858. Anson Burlingame, Massachusetts June 14, If J. Ross Browne, California March 11, 1863. Frederick F. Low, California Sept. 28, 1869. Benjamin P. Avery, California April 10, 1874. George F. Seward, California Jan. 7, 1876. James B. Angell, Michigan April 9, li. J. Russell Young, New York March 15, 1* Charles Denby, Indiana May 29, 1885. COLOMBIA. Name and State. Date of commission. Richard C. Anderson, Kentucky Jan. 27, 1823. Beaufort T. Watts, South Carolina.... March 3, 1827. William H. Harrison, Ohio May 24, 1828. Thomas P. Moore, Kentucky March 13, 1829. Robert B. McAfee, Kentucky Feb. 9, 1833. James Semple, Illinois Oct. 14, 1837. William M. Blackford, Virginia Feb. 10, 1842. Benjamin A. Bidlack, Pennsylvania... May 14, 1845. Thomas M. Foote, New York May 29, 1849. Yelverton P. King, Georgia Match 12, 1851. James S. Green, Missouri May 24, 1853. James B. Bowlin. Missouri Dec. 13, 1854. George W. Jones, Iowa ...March 8, 1859. Allan A. Burton, Kentucky May 29, 1861. Peter J. Sullivan, Ohio March 19, 1867. Stephen A. Hurlbut, Illinois April 22, 1869. William L. Scruggs, Georgia April 8, 1873. Ernest Dickman, Wisconsin June 15, 1878. William L. Scruggs, Georgia April 17, 1882. Charles D. Jacob, Kentucky Oct. 9, 1885. COREA. Name and State. Dale of Commission. Lucius H. Foote, New York Feb. 27, 1883. COSTA RICA. Name and Slate. Date of Commission. Solon Borland, Arkansas April 18, 1853. Mirabeau B. Lamar, Texas Jan. 20, 1858. Alexander Dimitry, Louisiana Aug. 15, 1859. Charles N. Riotte, Texas Tune 8, 1861. Albert G. Lawrence, Rhode Island. ...Oct. 2, 1866. Jacob B. Blair, West Virginia July 25, 1868. George Williamson, Louisiana May 17, 1873. Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois April 2, 1879. Plenry C. Hall, New York July 13,1882. DENMARK. Name and State. Date of Commission. George W. Erving, Massachusetts Tan. 5, 1811. Henry Wheaton, New York March 23, 1827. Jonathan F. Woodside, Ohio March 3, 1835. Isaac R. Jackson, Pennsylvania May 20,1841. William W. Irwin, Pennsylvania March 3, 1843. Robert P. Flenniken, Pennsylvania.. .Jan. 11, 1847. Walter Forward, Pennsylvania Nov. 8, 1849. Miller Grieve, Georgia Aug. 30,1852. Henry Bedinger, Virginia May 24, 1853. James M. Buchanan, Maryland May 11,1858. Bradford R. Wood, New York March 22, 1861. George H. Yeaman, Kentucky Aug. 25,1865. M. J. Cramer, Kentucky Sept. 9, 1870. J. P. Wickersham, Pennsylvania July 13, 1882. Wickham Hoffman , New York Feb. 27, 1 883. Rasmus B. Anderson, Wisconsin April 2, 1835. ECUADOR. Name and State. Date of Commission. J. C. Pickett, Kentucky June 15, 1838. Delazon Smith, Ohio Dec. 28, 1844. Van Brugh Livingston, New York April 10, 1848. John T. Van Allen, New York June 5, 1849. Courtland Cushing, Indiana Sept. 28, 1850. Philo White, Wisconsin Tuly 18,1853. Charles R. Buckalew, Pennsylvania. ..June 14, 1858. Frederick Hassaurek, Ohio March 27, 1861. William T. Coggeshall, Ohio May 4, 1866. E. Rumsey Wing, Kentucky Nov. 16, 1869. Thomas Biddle, Pennsylvania Feb. 2, 1875. FRANCE. Name and State. Date of Commission. William Short, Virginia April 20, 1790. (louverneur Morris Jan. 12, 1792. James Monroe, Virginia May 28, 1794. Chas. C. Piuckney, South Carolina. ...Sept. 9, 1796. Chas. C. Pinckney, South Carolina! .. "j John Marshall, Virginia [-June 5, 1797. Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts J Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut. \ William Vans Murray, Maryland... j- Feb. 26, 1799. William R. Davie, North Carolina.. J Robert R. Livingston, New York Oct. 2, 1801. James Monroe, Virginia \ T 10 1QAQ Robert R. Livingston, New York... / J! 1<4 1{ John Armstrong, New York Tune 30, 1804. .Joel Barlow, Connecticut Feb. 27, 1811. William H. Crawford, Georgia April 9, 1813. Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania Feb. 28, 1815. .lames Brown, Louisiana Dec. 9, 1823. William C. Rives, Virginia April 18, 1829. Leavitt Harris, Pennsylvania March 6, 1833. Edward Livingston, Louisiana May 29, 1833. Lewis Cass, Ohio Oct. 4,1836. William R. King. Alabama April 9, 1844. Richard Rush, Pennsylvania March 3, 1847. William C. Rives, Virginia July 20, 1849. John Y. Mason, Virginia Oct. 10, 1853. Charles J. Faulkner, Virginia Tan. 16, 1860. William L. Dayton, New Jersey MarchlS, 1861. John Bigelow, New York March 15, 1865. John A. Dix, New York Sept, 24, 1866. Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois March 17, 1869. Edward F. Noyes, Ohio Tuly 1,1877. Levi P. Morton, New York March 21, 1881. Robert M. McLane, Maryland March 23, 1835. GERMANY. Name and State. Date of Commission. John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts. ..June 1, 1797- (Vacant from 1801 to 1835.) Henry Wheaton, New York March 3, 183.1. Andrew J. Donelson, Tennessee MarchlS, 1846. Edward A. Hannegan. Indiana March 22, 1849. Daniel D. Barnard, New York Sept. 3,1850. Peter D. Vroom, New Jersey May 24, 1853. Joseph A. Wright, Indiana June 1, 1857. Norman B. Judd, Illinois March 8, 1861. Joseph A. Wright, Indiana June 30, 1865. George Bancroft, New York May 14,1867. J. C. Bancroft Davis, June 11, 1874. Bayard Taylor, Pennsylvania March 4,1878. Andrew D. White, New York April 2,1879. Aaron A. Sargent, California March 2, 1882. John A. Kasson, Iowa 1884. George H. Pendleton, Ohio March 23, 1885. GREAT BRITAIN. Name and State. Date of Commission. Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina Tan. 12, 1792. John Jay, New York April 19, 1794. TABULAR RECORDS. Kufus King, New York May 20, 179(5. James Monroe, Virginia April 18, 1803. Jonathan Russell, Rhode Island July 27, 1811. Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania ") John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts > April 17, 1813. James A. Bayard, Delaware J John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts ] James A. Bayard, Delaware- Henry Clay, Kentucky ^Jan. 18, 1814. Jonathan Russell, Rhode Island Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania J John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts... Feb. 28, Richard Rush, Pennsylvania October, Rufus King, New York -May 5, Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania May 18, James Barbour, Virginia May 23, Louis McLane, Delaware April 18, Martin Van Buren, New York April 1, Andrew Stevenson, Virginia March 16, Edward Everett, Massachusetts Sept. 13, Louis McLane, Maryland June 16, George Bancroft, New York Sept. 9, Abbott Lawrence, Massachusetts Aug. 20, Joseph R. Ingersoll, Pennsylvania Aug. 21,. James Buchanan, Pennsylvania April 11, George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania Feb. 4, Charles F. Adams, Massachusetts March 20, Reverdy Johnson, Maryland Tune 12, J. Lothrop Motley, Massachusetts April 13, Robert C. Schenck, Ohio Dec. 22, Edwards Pierrepont, New York May 22, John Welsh, Pennsylvania Oct. 9, James R. Lowell. Massachusetts Jan. 26, Edward J. Phelps, Vermont March 23, 1815. 1817. 1825. 1826. 1828. 1S29. 1831. 1836. 1841. 1845. 1846. 1849. 1852. 1853. 1856. 1861. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1876. 1877. 18-0. 185. GREECE. Name and State. Date of Commission. Charles K. Tuckerrnan, New York.... March 11, 1868. John M. Francis, New York May 15,1871. J. Meredith Read, Jr., New York Nov. 7, 1873. Eugene Schuyler, New York Tuly 7, 1882. Walter Fern, Louisiana April 18, 1885. GUATEMALA. Nam< and Sfatc. Dale of Commission. Elijah Hise, Kentucky March 31, 1848. E. George Squier, New York April 2, 1849. Solon Borland, Arkansas April 18, 1853. John L. Marling, Tennessee Aug. 2, 1854. William E. Venable, Tennessee Marchl4, 1857. Beverly L. Clarke, Kentucky Tan. 7, 1858. Elisha O. Crosby, New York March 22, 1861. Fitz Henry Warren, Iowa Aug. 12, 1865. Silas A. Hudson, Iowa April 22, 1869. George Williamson, Louisiana May 17, 1873. Cornelius A. Logan. Illinois April 2, 1879. Henry C. Hall, New York July 13, 1882. HAWAII. Name and Slate. Date of Commission. George Brown, Massachusetts March 3, 1843. Anthony Ten Eyck, Michigan April 19, 1845. Cbarles Eames, New York Jan. 12, 1849. Luther Severance, Maine June 7, 1850. David L. Gregg, Illinois July 6, 1853. James W. Borden, Indiana Jan. 11, 1858. Thomas J. Dryer, Oregon March 26, 1861. James McBride, Oregon March 9, 1863. Edward M. McCook, Colorado March 21, 1866. Henry A. Pierce, Massachusetts May 10, 1869. James M. Comly, Ohio July 1, 1877. Rollin M. Daggett. Nevada July 1, 1882. George W. Merrill, Nevada April 2,1885. HAYTI. Name and State. Date of Commission. Benjamin F. Whidden, N. H July 12, 1862. H. E. Peck, Ohio March 14, 1865. Gideon H. Hollister, Connecticut Feb. 5, 1868. Ebenezer D. Bassett, Pennsylvania... April 16, 1869. John M. Langston, D. C Sept. 28, 1877. J. E. W. Thompson, New York May 7, 1885. HONDURAS. Name and State. Date of Commission. Solon Borland, Arkansas April 18, 1853. Beverly L. Clarke, Kentucky Jan. 14, 1858. James R. Partridge, Maryland Feb. 10, 1862. Thomas H. Clay, Kentucky April 16, 1863. Richard H. Rousseau, Kentucky May 14, 1866. Henry Baxter, Michigan April 21, 1869. George Williamson, Louisiana May 17, 1873. Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois April 2, 1879. Henry C. Hall, New York July 13, 1882. ITALY. Name and State. Date of Commission. George P. Marsh, Vermont March 20, 1861. William W. Astor, New York Aug. 4, 1882. John B. Stallo, Ohio June 17, 1885. JAPAN. Name and State. Date of Commission. Matthew C. Perry, Commodore U.S.N.Nov. 13, 1852. Townsend Harris, New York Sept. 8, 1855. Robert H. Pruyn, New York Oct. 12, 1861. R. B. Van Valkenburgh, New York... Jan. 18, 1866. Charles E. DeLong, Nevada April 21, 1869. John H. Bingham, Ohio May 31, 1873. Richard B. Hubbard, Texas April 2, 1885. LIBERIA. Name and State. Date of Commission. Abraham Henson, Wisconsin Tune 8, 1863. John Seys, Ohio Oct. 8, 1866. J. Milton Turner, Missouri March 1, 1S71. John H. Smyth, North Carolina April 12, !--<:>. Moses A. Hopkins, North Carolina. ...Sept. 11, 1885. MEXICO. Name and State. Date, of Commission. Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina March 8, 1825. Anthony Butler, Mississippi Oct. 12, 1829. Powhatan Ellis, Louisiana.. Tan. 5, 1836. Waddy Thompson, South Carolina. ...Feb. 10, 1842. Wilson Shannon, Ohio April 9, 1844. John Slidell, Louisiana Nov. 10, 1845. Ambrose H. Sevier, Arkansas I Ar , 1 . .. Nathan Clifford, Maine [March 14, 1843. Nathan Clifford, Maine Tnly 28, 1818. Robert P. Letcher, Kentucky Aug. 9, 1849. Alfred Conkling, New York Aug. 6, 1852. James Gadsden, South Carolina May 24, 1853. John Forsyth, Alabama Tuly 21, 1856. Robert M. McLane, Maryland March 7, 18.39. JohnB. Weller, California Nov. 17, I860. Thomas Corwin, Ohio March 22, 1861. Lewis D. Campbell, Ohio May 4, 1866. Marcus Otterbourg, Wisconsin July 1, 1867. WilliamS. Rosecrans, Ohio July 27, 1868. Thomas H. Nelson. Indiana April 16, 1869. John W. Foster, Indiana March 17, 1873. P. H. Morgan, Louisiana Jan. 26, 1880. Henry R. Jackson, Georgia March 23, 188"). XETHERLANDS. Name and State. Date of Commimnon. William Short, Virginia Jan. 16, 1792. John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts... May 30, 1794 T A B U L A K RECORDS. William Vans Murray, Maryland ...... March 2, William Eustis, Massachusetts ......... Dec. 19, Alexander H. Everett, Mass ............. June 27, Christopher Hughes, Jr., Maryland... March 9, William P. Preble, Maine ............... June 1 , Harmanus Bleecker, New York ......... May 15, Christopher Hughes, Maryland ......... May 12, Auguste Davezac, Louisiana ............ April 19, George Folsom, New York ............... May 4, August Belmont, New York ............. May 24, Henry C. Murphy, New York ........... June 1, James S. Pike, Maine ..................... March28, Hugh Ewing, Kansas ...................... Sept. 24, Charles T. Gorham, Michigan ........... July 12, F. B. Stockbridge, Michigan ............ July 12, James Birney, Michigan .................. Jan. 10, William L. Dayton, New Jersey ........ April 26, Isaac Bell, Jr., Ehode Island ............ April 2, 1797 1314 1818 1825 1829 1839 1842 1845, 1850, 1853, 1857. 1861. 1866. 1870. 1875. 1876. 1882. 1885. Name and State. Date of Commission. John B. Kerr, Maryland .................. Marchl2, 1851. Solon Borland, Arkansas .................. April 18, 1853. John H. Wheeler, North Carolina ..... Aug. 2. 1854. Mirabeau B. Lamar, Texas ............... Jan. 20, 1858. Alexander Dimitry, Louisiana .......... Aug. 15, 1859. Andrew B. Dickinson, New York ...... March 28, 1861. Thomas H. Clay, Kentucky .............. Oct. 21, 1862. Andrew B. Dickinson, New York ...... April 18, 1863. C. N. Riotte, Texas ........................ April 21, 186!). George Williamson, Louisiana .......... May 17, 1873. Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois ............. April 2, 1879. Henry C. Hall, New York ............... July 13, 1882. PARAGUAY. Name and State. Date of Commission. Charles A. Washburn, California ...... June 8, 1861. Martin T. McMahon, New York ........ June 27, 1868. John L. Stevens, Maine .................. April 23, 1870. John C. Caldwell, Maine ................. Jan. 8, 1874. William Williams, Indiana .............. April 12,1882. John E. Bacon, South Carolina ......... April 28, 1835. PERSIA. Name and State. Date of Commission S. G. W. Benjamin, New York ......... Feb. 27, 1883. F. H. Winston, Hlinois .................... Oct. 28, 1885. PERU. Name and Slate. Date of Commission. James Cooley, Pennsylvania .............. May 2, 1826. Samuel Lamed, Rhode Island ........... Dec. 29, 1828. James B. Thornton, New Hampshire-June 15, 1836. J. C. Pickett, Kentucky .................. June 9, 1838. John A. Bryan, Ohio ...................... Aug. 15, 1844. Albert G. Jewett, Maine .................. MarchlS, 1845. John R. Clay, Pennsylvania ............ March 3, 1847. Christopher Robinson, Rhode Island. .June 8, 1861. Alvin P. Hovey, Indiana ................. Aug. 12, 1865. Thomas Settle, North Carolina ......... Feb. 18, 1871. Francis Thomas, Maryland .............. March25, 1872. Richard Gibbs, New York ............... April 9, 1875. Isaac P. Christiancy, Michigan ......... Jan. 29, 1879. Stephen A. Hurlbut, Illinois ............ May 19, 1881. James R. Partridge, Maryland ......... April 12, 1882. Seth L. Phelps, District of Columbia-June 18, 1883. Charles W. Buck, Kentucky ............ April 2, 1885. POBTUGAL. Name and Slate. Date of Commission. David Humphreys, Connecticut ........ Feb. 21, 1791. William Smith, South Carolina ......... July 10, 1797. Thomas Sumpter, Jr., South Carolina.. March 7, 1809. John Graham, Virginia ................... Jan. 6, 1819. Henry Dearborn, Sr., N. H May 7, Thomas L. L. Brent, Virginia March 9, Edward Kavanagh, Maine March 3, Washington Barrow, Tennessee Aug. 16, Abraham Rencher, North Carolina. ...Sept. 22, George W. Hopkins, Virginia March 3, James B. Clay, Kentucky Aug. 1 , Charles B. Haddock, New Hampshire.. Dec. 10, John L. O Sullivan, New York Feb. 16, George W. Morgan, Ohio May 11, James E. Harvey, Pennsylvania March 28, Samuel Shellabarger, Ohio April 21, Charles H. Lewis, Virginia March 15, Benjamin Morau, Pennsylvania Dec. 15, John M. Francis, New York July 7, Lewis Richmond, Rhode Island Edw. P. C. Lewis, New Jersey April 2, 182 182 183 184 184 184 184 185 185. 185, 186 187. 188 188. 188. KOUMANIA. Name and State. Date of Commission Eugene Schujvjer, New York July 7, 188: Walter Fearn, Louisiana April 18, 188. RUSSIA. Name and State. Date of Commissioi John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts. ..June 27, Leavitt Harris, Pennsylvania April 7, William Pinkney, Maryland .March 7, George W. Campbell, Tennessee April 16, Henry Middleton, South Carolina April 6, John Randolph, Virginia May 26, James Buchanan, Pennsylvania Ian. 4, William Wilkins, Pennsylvania June 30, John R. Clay, Pennsylvania June 29, George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania March 7, Churchill C. Cambreling, Now Yin,;. .May 20, Charles S. Todd, Kentucky Aug. 27, Ralph J. Ingersoll, Connecticut Aug. 8, Arthur P. Bagby, Alabama Tune 15, Neil S. Brown, Tennessee May 2, Thomas H. Seymour, Connecticut May 24, Francis W. Pickeus, South Carolina... Jan. 11, John Appleton, Maine June 8, Cassius M. Clay, Kentucky March 28, Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania Jan. 17, Cassius M. Clay, Kentucky March 11, Andrew G. Curtin, Pennsylvania April l(j, James L. Orr, South Carolina Dec. 12, Marshall Jewell, Connecticut May 29, George H. Boker, Pennsylvania Ian. 13, E. W. Stoughton, New York Oct. 30, John W. Foster, Indiana Jan. 26, William H. Hunt, Louisiana April 12, Alphonso Taft, Ohio Geo. V. N. Lothrop, Michigan >May 7, 180: 181- 1811 181: 1821 183i 183: 183< 183< 183 1841 1^4 184( 184. 1851 185, 1*5< 186t 186 186 186 18(i 187 187 18? 187 188 18* 18,-M 188.1 SALVADOR. Name and State. Date of Commission Solon Borland, Arkansas April 18, 185^ James R. Partridge, Maryland April 16, 1*6:! A. S. Williams, Michigan Aug. 16, 18J6 Alfred T. A. Torbert, Delaware April 21, 1869 Thomas Biddle, Pennsylvania July 10, 1871 jeorge Williamson, Louisiana May 17, 1873 Cornelius A. Logan, Illinois April 2, 187!) Henry C. Hall, New York July 13, 188:2 SERVIA. Name and Stale. Date of Commission Eugene Schuyler, New York July 7, 1882 SIAM. Name and Slate. Date of Commission John A. Halderman, Missouri July 13, 1882 TABULAR RECORDS. SPAIN. Name and State. Date of Commission. William Carmichael, Maryland April 20, 1790. William Short, Virginia May 28, 1794. Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina. ...Nov. 24 , 1794. David Humphreys, Connecticut May 20, 1790. Charles Pinckney, South Carolina June 6, 1801. (Vacant from 1808 to 1814.) George W. Erving, Massachusetts Aug. 10, 1814. John Forsyth, Georgia Feb. 16, 1819. Hugh Nelson, Virginia Jan. 15, 1823. Alexander H. Everett, Massachusetts.. March 9, 1825. Cornelius P. Van Ness, Vermont June 1, 1829: William T. Barry, Kentucky April 10, 1835. John H. Eaton, Tennessee March 16, 1836. Aaron Vail, New York May 20, 1840. Washington Irving, New York Feb. 10, 1842. Komulus M. Saunders, N. C Feb. 25, 1846. Daniel M. Barringer, North Carolina-June 18, 1849. Pierre Soule, Louisiana April 7, 1853. Augustus C. Dodge, Iowa Feb. 9, 1855. William Preston, Kentucky Dec. 15, 1858. Carl Sch urz, Wisconsin March 28, 1861. Gustavus Koerner, Illinois June 14, 1862. John P. Hale, New Hampshire March 10, 1865. Daniel E. Sickles, New York May 15, 1869. Caleb Gushing, Virginia Ian. 6, 1874. James E. Lowell, Massachusetts Jan. 11, 1877. Lucius Fairchild, Wisconsin Jan. 26, 1880. Hannibal Hamlin, Maine Tune 30. 1881. John W. Foster, Indiana Feb. 27, 1883. J. L. M. Curry, Virginia Oct. 7, 1885. SWEDEN AND NOEWAY. Name and State. Dale of Commission. Jonathan Russell, Rhode Island Tan. 18, 1814. John J. Appleton, Massachusetts May 2, 1826. Christopher Hughes, Maryland March 3, 1830. George W. Lay, New York May 12, 1842. Henry W. Ellsworth, Indiana April 19, 1845. Francis Schroeder, Rhode Island Nov. 7, 1849. Benjamin F. Angel, New York Tuly 17, 1857. Jacob S. Haldeman, Pennsylvania March 16, 1861. James H. Campbell, Pennsylvania May 18, 1864. John McGinnis, Jr., Illinois Nov. 6,1866. Joseph J. Bartlett, New York March 19, 1867. C. C. Andrews, Minnesota Tune 3, 1869. John L. Stevens, Maine Aug. 28, 1877. Wm. W. Thomas, Jr., Maine Tune 6, 1883. Rufus Magee, Indiana April 2, 1885. SWITZERLAND. Name and State. Date of Commission. Theodore S. Fay, Massachusetts March 16, 1853. George G. Fogg, New Hampshire March 28, 1861. George Harrington, Georgia .July 7, 1865. Horace Rublee, Wisconsin April 20, 1869. Nicholas Fish, New York June 20, 1877. M. J. Kramer, Kentucky July 13, 1882. Boyd Winchester, Kentucky May 7, 1885. TEXAS. Name and State. Date of Commission. Alcee La Branche, Louisiana March 7, 1837. George H. Flood, Ohio Marchl6, 1840. Joseph Eve, Kentucky April 15, 1841. William S. Murphy, Ohio April 10, 1843. Tighlman A. Harvard, Indiana June 11, 1844. Andrew J. Donelson, Tennessee Sept 16, 1844. (Annexed as a State in 1845.) TUEKEY. Name and State. Date of Commission. David Porter, Maryland April 15, 1831. Dabney S. Carr, Maryland Oct. 6, 1813. George P. Marsh, Vermont May 29, 1849. Carroll Spence, Maryland Aug. 23, 1853. James Williams, Tennessee Tan. 14, 1858. Edward Joy Morris, Pennsylvania... June 8, 1861. Wayne MacVeagh, Pennsylvania June 4, 1870. George H. Baker, Pennsylvania Nov. 3, 1871. Horace Maynard, Tennessee March 9, 1875. James Longstreet, Georgia June 14, 1880. Lewis Wallace, Indiana Tuly 13, 1882 Samuel S. Cox, New York March 25, 1885. THE TWO SICILIES. Name and State. Date of Commission. John Nelson, Maryland Oct. 24, 1831- Enos T. Throop, New York Feb. 6, 1838- William Bowlware, Virginia Sept. 13, 1841- William H. Polk, Tennessee March 13, 1845- John Rowan, Kentucky Tan. 3, 184-:. Thomas W. Chinn, Louisiana Ian. 5, 181!). Edward Joy Morris, Pennsylvania... Jan. 10, 1850. Robert Dale Owen, Indiana May 24, 1853. Joseph R. Chandler, Pennsylvania. ..June 15, 1858. (Discontinued in 1860.) UEUGUAY. Name and State. Date of Commission. Alexander Asboth, Missouri April 5, 1867. H. G. Worthington, Nevada Tuly 25, 1868. Robert C. Kirk, Ohio May 5, 18U9. John L. Stevens, Maine March 25, 1870. John C. Caldwell, Maine Tan. 8, 1874. William Williams, Indiana April 12, 1882. John E. Bacon, South Carolina April 28, 1885. VENEZUELA. Name and State. Date of Commission. J. G. A. Williamson, Pennsylvania... March 3, 1835. Allen A. Hall, Tennessee March 15, 1841. Vespasian Ellis, Missouri Sept. 30, 1844. Benjamin G. Shields, Alabama Marchl4, 1845. Isaac N. Steele, Maryland Dec. 6,1849. Charles Eames, District of Columbia.. Feb. 9, 1854. Edwin A. Turpin, New York June 15, 1858. Henry T. Blow, Missouri June 8, 1861. E. D. Culver, New York July 12, 18C2. James Wilson, Indiana May 31, 18G6. Thomas N. Stilwell, Indiana Aug. 30, 1867. James R. Partridge, Maryland April 21, 1869. William A. Pile, Missouri May 23, 1871. Thomas Russell, Massachusetts Vpril 20, 1874. Jehu Baker, Illinois March 4, 1878. Charles L. Scott, Alabama April 28, 1885. COLONIAL GOVERNORS OF AMERICA. NEW HAMPSHIEE. Richard Cutts 1680 Richard Waldron 1681 Edward Craniield 1683 Walter Barefoot 1685 Joseph Dudl ey 1686 Edmond Andros 1G87 Simon Bradstreet 1689 John Usher 16 ( J2 William Partridge 1697 Samuel Allen 1699 Earl of Bellemout 170:2 Joseph Dudley 1716 Samuel Shute 1728 William Burnet 1730 Jonathan Belcher 1 741 Benjamin Went worth 1767 John Wentworth 1775 When the British power terminated. Mesheck Weare 1776 TABULAR RECORDS. John Langdon John Sullivan MASSACHUSETTS. John Carver, of Plymouth, Massachusetts ......... 1620 William Bradford .......................................... 1621 Edward Winslow .......................................... 1633 Thomas Prince ............................................. 1634 William Bradford .......................................... 1635 Edward Winslow .......................................... 1636 William Bradford .......................................... 1637 Thomas Prince ............................................. 163S William Bradford .......................................... 1 ( >39 Edward Winslow .......................................... 1644 William Bradford .......................................... 1645 Thomas Prince ............................................. -1657 Josias Winslow ............................................. 1673 Thomas Hinckley .......................................... 1680 John Winthrop, of Mass., under first charter ...... 1630 Thomas Dudley ............................................. 1634 John Haynes ................................................ 1635 Henry Vane .................................................. 1636 John Winthrop ............................................. 1637 Thomas Dudley ............................................ 1640 Richard Bellingham ....................................... 1641 John Winthrop ............................................. 1642 John Winthrop ............................................. 1646 JohnEndicott ............................................... 1649 Thomas Dudley ............................................. 1650 John Endicott ............................................... 1651 Richard Bellingham ....................................... 1654 John Endicott ............................................... 1655 Richard Bellingham ...... ? ................................ 1665 John Leverett ............................................... 1673 Simon Bradstreet .......................................... 1(579 Joseph Dudley, after dissolution ...................... 1686 Sir Edmond Andros ....................................... 1687 Simon Bradstreet .......................................... 1(591 Sir William Phips, under second charter ........... 1692 Earl of Bellemont .......................................... 1(599 Joseph Dudley .............................................. 1702 Samuel Shute ............................................... 1716 William Burnett ........................................... 1728 Jonathan Belcher .......................................... 1 730 William Shirley ............................................ 1740 Thomas Pownal ............................................. 1757 Francis Bernard ............................................ 1 760 Thomas Hutchison ......................................... 1 770 Thomas Gage ................................................ 1774 John Hancock ............................................... 17K) James Bowdoin ............................................. 1785 RHODE ISLAND. (Presidents.) John Coggeshall ............................................ 1647 Jeremiah Clarke ............................................ 1648 John Smith .................................................. 1649 Nicholas Easton ............................................ 1650 Roger Williams ............................................. 1655 Benedict Arnold ............................................ 1657 William Brenton ........................................... 1660 Benedict Arnold ........................................... 1662 Benedict Arnold ............................................ 1663 William Brenton ........................................... 1666 Benedict Arnold ............................................ 1669 Nicholas Easton ............................................ 1672 William Coddington ...................................... 1674 Walter Clarke .............................................. 1676 Benedict Arnold ........................................... 1677 John Cranston ............................................... 1679 Peleg Sanford .............................................. 1680 William Coddington ....................................... 1683 Henry Bull ................................................... 1685 Walter Clarke .............................................. 1686 Sir Edmond Andros ....................................... 1686 Henry Bull ................................................... 1689 John Easton 1690 Caleb Carr 1695 Walter Clarke 1696 Samuel Cranston 1698 Joseph Jenckes 1727 William Wanton 1732 John Wanton 1734 Richard Ward 1741 William Greene 1743 Gideon Wanton 1745 William Greene 1746 Gideon Wanton 1747 William Greene 1748 Stephen Hopk ins 1755 William Greene 1 757 Stephen Hopkins 1758 Samuel Ward 17(52 Stephen Hopkins 1763 Samuel Ward 1 765 Stephen Hopkins 1767 Josias Lynden 1768 Joseph Wanton 1769 Nicholas Cooke 1 775 Nicholas Cooke 1 776 William Greene 1 778 John Col lins 1786 CONNECTICUT. John Winthrop 1(565 William Leet 1 676 Robert Treat 1683 John Winthrop 1698 Gurden Salstonstall 1703 Joseph Talcott 1 725 Jonathan Law 1 742 Roger Wolcott 1 751 Thomas Fitch 1 7o4 William Pitkin 1766 Jonathan Tru mbull 17(59 Matthew Griswold 17^4 NEW YOKK. (Dutch Governors.) Adrian Joris 1623 Cornelius Jacobzen May 1 (524 William Verhulst ! 1(525 Peter Minuet 1626 Wouter Van Twiller 1 (529 William Kieft 1(538 Peter Stuvesandt 1 647 Anthony Colve 1673 (British Governors.) Richard Nicholls 1664 Francis Lovelace 1 667 Sir Edmond Andros 1674 Thomas Dongan 16S3 Francis Nicholson 1 687 Jacob Lesler 1690 Henry Sloughter 1 (59 L Joseph Dudley 1692 Richard Ingoldsby 1 692 Ben j amin Fletcher 1 ( 592 Earl of Bellemont . 1(597 J ohn Nau fau 1701 Lord Cornbury 1702 Lord Lovelace 1708 Richard Ingoldsby 1709 Gerardus Beekman 1710 Andrew Hunter 1710 Peter Schuyler 1719 William Burnet 1720 John Montgomerie 1728 Lewis Morris 1731 Rip Van Dam 1731 William Cosby 1732 John Hamilton... ....1738 TABULAR RECORDS. George Clark 1736 George Clinton 1743 Danvers Osborne 1753 James De Lancey 1753 Sir Charles Hardy 1755 James De Lancey 1757 Cadwallader Colden 1760 Robert Monkton 1762 Cadwallader Colden 1763 Henry Moore 1765 Cadwallader Colden 1769 Earl of Dunmore 1770 William Tryon 1771 Cadwallader Colden 1775 James Robertson 1780 George Clinton, Governor, Independent* 1777 NEW JERSEY. Lord C ornbury 1730 Lewis Morris 1738 Jonathan Belcher 1747 John Hamilton 1746 Jonathan Belcher 1747 John Reading 1757 Francis Barnard 5 758 Thomas Booue 1760 Thomas Hardy 1761 William Franklin 1763 John Dickinson 1782 John Cook 1783 Nicholas Van Dyke 1783 Thomas Collins 1786 MARYLAND. Lionel Copley 1692 Francis Nicholson 1694 Nathaniel Blakiston 1699 John Seymour 1704 John Hart 1714 | Charles Calvert 1720 Benedict Leonard Calvert 1727 Charles Xord Baltimore 1731 Samuel Ogle 1732 Thomas Bladen 1742 Charles Lord Baltimore 1746 Samuel Ogle 1747 Frederick Lord Baltimore 1752 Horatio Sharpe 1753 Robert Eden ...1769 William Livingston, Republican 1776 PENNSYLVANIA. William Penn 1682 Thomas Lloyd 1684 John Blackwell 1688 Benjamin Fletcher 1693 William Penn 1699 Andrew Hamilton 17 John Evans 1704 Charles Gookins 1709 Sir William Keith 1717 Patrick Gordon 1726 James Logan 1736 George Thomas 1738 Anthony Palmer 1747 James Hamilton 1748 Robert Hunter Morris 1754 William Denny 1756 James Hamilton 1759 John Penn 1763 James Hamilton 1771 Richard Penn 1771 John Penn 1773 Thomas Wharton, Republican 1777 Joseph Reed 1778 William Moore 1781 John Dickinson 1782 Benjamin Franklin 1785 DELAWAEE. William Penn 1700 Sir William Keith 1721 Patrick Gordon 1726 George Thomas 1738 James Hamilton 1745 Robert Hunter Morris 1754 James .Hamilton 1760 John Penn 1765 Richard Penn 1768 John Penn 1773 John M Kinley, Republican 1777 Caesar Rodney 1778 A part of the preceding had jurisdiction over New Jersey. Thomas Johnson, Republican 1777 Thomas Sim Lee 1779 William Paca 1782 William Smallwood 1785 VIRGINIA. Sir Thomas Smith 1606 Edward M. Wingfield 1607 John Radclif* 1607 John Smith 1608 George Percy 1610 Lord De La War . 1610 Sir Thomas Dale 1611 Sir Thomas Gates 1611 Sir Thomas Dale 1614 Sir George Yeardly 1616 Sir Samuel Argale 1617 Sir George Yeardly 1618 Sir Thomas Wyatt 1621 Sir George Yeardly 1626 Sir George Yeardly 1626 Francis West 1627 Doctor John Pott 1628 Sir John Harvey 1629 John West 1635 Sir John Harvey 1636 Sir Francis Wyatt 1639 Sir William Berckley 1641 Frederick Kempe 1644 Sir William Berckley 1645 Richard Burnett 1652 Edward Diggs 1655 Samuel Matthews 1656 Sir William Berckley 1659 Francis Morryson , 1661 Sir William Berckley 1662 Herbert Jeffries 1677 Sir Henry Checkley 1678 Lord Culpepper, Governor 1680 Nicholas Spencer 1683 Lord Howard, Governor 1684 Matthew Bacon 1688 Francis Nicholson 1690 Sir Edmond Andros 1692 Francis Nicholson 1698 Edward Nott 1705 Edmond Jennings 1706 Alexander Spottswood 1710 HughDrysdale 1722 Robert Carter 1726 William Gooch 1727 Thomas Lee 1749 Lewis Burwell 1749 Robert Dinwiddie 1752 TABULAR K E C O R D S . Francis Fauquier 1 a->8 John Blair 17G7 Lord Botetourt 1" William Nelson ^2.^ Lord Dunmore 1772 Patrick Henry, Republ icati 1776 Thomas Jefferson 1119 Thomas Nelson 1781 Benjamin Harrison 1~82 Patrick Henry I 784 Edmond Randolph 1780 NORTH CAROLINA. 1 1 1 1 1 Arth ur Dobbs 1 William Tryon 1 Josiah Martin 1 Charles Eden William Reed Sir Richard EveraryL Gabriel Johnson Matthew Rowan. 715 722 727 73~i 753 754 66 Richard Caswell, Republican 1777 Abner Nash 1780 Thomas Burke HS1 Alexander Martin 1782 Richard Caswell 1 785 Samuel Johnson ., 17 88 SOUTH CAROLINA. William Sayle 1670 Joseph West 107 1 Joseph Yeaman 1671 Joseph West 1 674 Joseph Morton 1682 Joseph West 1684 Richard Kirk 16-4 Robert Quarry 16-4 Joseph Morton 1 085 James Colleton 1 686 Seth Sot-hell 1690 Philip Ludwell 1692 Thomas Smith 1693 Joseph Blake 1694 John Archdale 1695 Joseph Blake 1696 James Moore 1 700 Nathaniel Johnson 17 03 Edward Tyne 1709 Robert Gibbs 1710 < Charles Craven 1712 Robert Daniel 1716 Robert Johnson 1719 James Moore 1719 Arthur Middleton 1719 Francis Nicholson 1 721 Arthur Middleton 1 725 Robert Johnson *. 1730 Thomas Broughton 1735 William Bull. 1737 James Glenn 1743 William H. Littleton 1756 William Bull 1760 Thomas Boone 1762 William Bull 1763 Charles Montague 1766 William Bull 1769 William Campbell 1775 John Rutledge, Republican 1775 Rawlins Lownds 1778 John Rutledge 1779 John Mathewa ...1782 Benjamin Guerard 1783 William Moultrie 1785 Thomas Pinckney 1 787 GEORGIA. James Edward Oglethorpe 1732 William Stephens 1743 Hen ry Parker 1 7;>1 John Reynolds 1 754 Henry Ellis 1757 James Wright 1760 James Habersham 1 771 W T illiam Erwin 1 775 Archibald Bulloch 1 776 Button Gwinnett 1777 John A. Treuitlin 1777 John Houston 1778 John Wereat 1778 George W T alton 1779 Richard Howley 1~80 Stephen Heard 1781 Nathan Brownson 1781 John Martin 1782 Ly man Hall 1 783 John Houston ,1784 Sam uel Elbert 1 785 Edward Telfai r 1 7^6 George Mathews 1787 George Handly 1 788 THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. [Obtained Directly from the Several Secretaries of State.] MAINE. Name. T< rm of scri icc. William King 1820-1822 Albion K. Parris 1822-1827 Enoch Lincoln 1827-1829 Jonathan G. Huntoon 1829-1831 Samuel E. Smith 1831-1834 Robert P. Duulup 1834-1838 Edward Kent 1838-1839 JolmFairfield 1839-1840 Edward Kent 1840-1841 John Fairfield 1841-1843 Edward Kavanaugh (acti :ig) 1 843-1844 Hugh J. Anderson 1844-1847 John W. Dana 1847-1850 John Hubbard 1850-1853 William G. Crosby 1853-1855 Anson P. Merrill.. 1855-1856 Samuel Wells 1856-1857 Hannibal Hamlin 1857-1857 Joseph H. Williams 1857-1858 LotM. Morrill 1858-1859 LotM. Morrill (re-elected) 1859-1860 Israel Washburne, Jr 1860-1882 Abner Coburn 1862-1863 Samuel Cony 1863-1867 Joshua L. Chamberlain 1867-1871 Sidney Perham 1871-1874 Nelson, Dmgley, Jr 1874-1876 Selden Connor 1876-1879 Alonzo Garcelon 1879-1880 Daniel F. Davis 1830-1881 Harris M. Plaisted 1881-1883 Frederick Robie 1883. Salary, $2,000. Term, two years, since 1880. Seat of Government, Augusta. TABULAR RECORDS. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Name. Ti rm of service. Josiali Bartlett 1792-1794 John Taylor Oilman 1794-1805 John Langdon 1805-1809 Jeremiah Smith 1809-1810 John Langdon 1810-1812 William Plumer ] 812-1813 John Taylor Oilman 1814-1816 William Plumer 1816-1819 Samuel Bell 1819-1823 Levi Woodhury 1823-1824 David L. Morrill 1824-1827. Benjamin Pierce 1827-1829 John Bell 1829-1830 Matthew Harvey 1830-1831 Joseph M. Harper 1831-1831 Samuel Dinsmoor 1831-1834 William Badger 1834-1836 Isaac Hill 1836-1839 John Page 1839-1842 Henry Hubbard 1842-1844 John H. Steele 1844-1846 Anthony Colby 1846-1847 Jared W. Williams 1847-1849 Samuel Dinsmoor 1849-1852 Noah Martin 1852-1854 Nathaniel B. Baker 1854-1856 Ralph Metcalf 1*56-1856 Ralph Metcalf 1850-1857 William Haile 1857^-1858 William Haile (re-elected) 1858-1859 Ichabod Goodwin 1859-1861 Nathaniel S. Berry 1861-1863 Joseph A. Gilmore 1863-1865 Frederick Smythe 1865-1867 Walter Harriman 1867-1869 Onslow Stearns 1869-1871 James A. Weston 1871-1873 Ezekiel A. Straw 1873-1874 James A. Weston 1874-1875 Person C. Cheney . 1875-1877 Benjamin F. Prescott , 1877-1879 Natt Head 1879-1881 Charles H. Bell 1881-1883 Samuel W. Hale 1883-1885 Moody Currier 1835- Salary, $1,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Concord. VERMONT. Name. Term of service. Thomas Chittenden 1778-1789 Moses Robinson 1789-1790 Thomas Chittenden 1790-1797 Paul Brigham (Lt.-Gov. acting). Isaac Tichenor 1797-1807 Israel Smith 1807-1808 Isaac Tichenor 1808-1809 Jonas Galusha 1809-1813 Martin Chittenden 1813-1815 Jonas Galusha 1815-1820 Richard Skinner 1820-1823 C. P. Van Ness 1823-1826 Ezra Butler 1826-1828 Samuel C. Crafts 1828-1831 William A. Palmer 1831-1835 S. J. Jenison (Lt.-Gov. acting). Silas A. Jenison 1835-1841 Charles Paine 1841-1843 John Mattocks 1843-1844 William Slade 1844-1846 Horace Eaton 1846-1849 Carlos Coolidge 1849-1850 Charles K. Williams 1850-1852 Erastus Fairbanks 1852-1853 John S. Robinson 1853-1854 Stephen Royce 1854-1856 Ryland Fletcher 1856-1858 Hiland Hall 1853-1859 Hiland Hall (re-elected) 1*59-1860 Erastus Fairbanks 1-60-1861 Frederick Holbrook 1861-1863 J. Gregory Smith 1363-1865 Paul Dillingham 1865-1867 John B. Page 1867-1869 Peter T. Washburn 1369-1870 G. W. Hendee (Lt.-Gov. acting) 1870-1870 JohnW. Stewart ...1870-1872 Julius Converse 1872-1874 Isabel Peck 1874-1878 Redfield Poractor 1378-1880 Roswell Farnham 1880-1882 John L. Barstow 1882-1884 Samuel E. Pingree 1884 Salary, $1,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Montpelier. MASSACHUSETTS. Name. Term of service. John Hancock 1789-1794 Samuel Adams 1794-1797 Increase Suruner 1797-1799 Moses Gill (acting) 1799-1800 Caleb Strong 1300-1807 James Sullivan 1807-1808 Levi Lincoln (acting) 1808-1809 Christopher Gore 1809-1810 Elbridge Gerry 1310-1812 Caleb Strong ! ...1312-1816 John Brooks 1816-1823 William Eustis 1823-1825 Marcus Morton (acting) 1825-1825 Levi Lincoln 1825-1834 John Davis 1834-1836 S. T.Armstrong (acting) 1836-1836 Edward Everett 1836-1840 Marcus Morton 1840-1841 John Davis 1841-1843 Marcus Morton 1843-1844 George N. Briggs 1844-1851 George S. Boutwell 1851-1853 John H. Clifford 1853-1854 Emory Washburn 1854-1855 Henry J. Gardner 1855-1858 Nathaniel P. Banks 1858-1861 John A. Andrew 1861-1866 Alexander H. Bullock 1866-1870 William Claflin 1870-1872 William B. Washburn 1872-1875 William Gaston 1875-1876 Alexander H. Rice 1876-1879 Thomas Talbot 1879-1880 John D. Long 1880-1883 Benjamin F. Butler 1833-1884 George D. Robinson lc>84- Salary, $4,000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Boston. BHODE ISLAND. Name. Term of service. Arthur Fenner 1790-1805 Henry Smith (acting) 1305-1806 Isaac Wilbur (acting) 1*06-1807 Jamea Fenner 1807-1811 William Jones 1811-1817 Nehemiah R. Knight 1817-1821 William C. Gibbs 1821-1824 William Fenner 1824-1831 TABULAR .RECORDS. Lemuel H. Arnold 1831-183c John B. Francis 1833-1838 William Sprague 1833-1839 Samuel W. King (acting) 1839-1840 Samuel W. King 1840-1843 James Fenner 1843-184" Charles Jackson 1845-1846 Byron Diman 1846-1847 Elisha Harris 1847-1849 Henry B. Anthony 1849-1851 Philip Allen 1851-1852 William 1 each Lawrence (acting) If- 52-1 852 Philip Allen 1852-185^ Francis M. Dimond 1853-1854 William W. Hoppin 1854-1857 Elisha Dyer 1857-1859 Thomas G. Turner 1859-1860 William Sprague 1860-1861 John R. Bartlett (acting) 1861-1862 William C. Cozzens (acting) 1862-1863 James Y. Smith 1863-1866 Ambrose E. Bumsicle 1866-1869 Seth Padelford 18U9-1S72 Henry Howard 1872-1875 Henry Lippett 1875-1877 Charles C. Van Zandt 1877-1880 Alfred H. Littlefield 1880-1883 A. O. Bowen 1883-1884 George P. Wetmore 1884- Salary, $1,000. Term, one year. Seats of Government, Newport and Providence, alternately. CONNECTICUT. Name. Term of service. Samuel Huntington 1785-1796 Oliver Wolcott 1796-1798 Jonathan Trumbull 1798-1809 John Treadwell 1809-1811 Roger Griswold 1811-1813 John Cotton Smith 1813-1818 Oliver Wolcott 1818-1827 Gideon Tomlinson 1827-1831 John S. Peters 1831-1833 Henry W. Edwards 1833-1834 Samuel A. Foote 1834-1835 Henry W. Edwards 1835-1838 William W. Ellsworth 1838-1842 Chauncey F.Cleveland 1842-1844 Roger S. Baldwin 1844-1840 Isaac Toucey 1846-1847 Clark Bissell 1847-1849 Joseph Trumbull 1849-1850 Thomas H. Seymour 1850-1853 C. H. Pond (acting) 1*53-1854 Henry Dutton 1854-1855 William T. Minor 1855-1857 Alexander H. Holley 1S57-1858 William A. Buckingham 1858-1866 Joseph R. Hawley 1866-1807 James E. English 1867-1869 Marshall Jewell 1869-1870 James E. English 1870-1871 Marshall Jewell 1871-1872 Charles R. Ingersoll 1872-1877 Richard D. Hubbard 1877-1879 Charles B. Andrews 1879-1881 Hobart B. Bigelow 1881-1883 Thomas M. Waller 1883-1885 Henry B. Harrison 1885- Salary, $2,000. Term, two years. Seats of Government, Hartford and New Haven, alternately. NEW YOEK. Name. Term of service. George Clinton 1789-1795 John Jay 1795-1801 George Clinton 1801-1804 Morgan Lewis 1804-1807 Daniel D. Tompkins 1807-1816 John Taylor (acting) 1816-1817 De Witt Clinton 1817-1822 Joseph C. Yates 1822-1824 De Witt Clinton 1824-1827 Nathaniel Pitcher (acting) 1827-1829 Martin Van Buren 1829-1830 Enos T. Throop 1831-1833 William L. Marcy 1833-1839 William H. Seward 1839-1843 William C. Bouck 1843-1845 Silas Wright 1845-1847 John Young.... 1847-1849 Hamilton Fish 1849-1851 Washington Hunt 1851-1853 Horatio Seymour 1853-1855 Myron H. Clark 1855-1857 John A. King 1857-1859 Edwin D. Morgan 1859-1863 Horatio Seymour 1863-1865 Reuben E. Fenton 1865-1869 John T. Hoffman 1869-1S73 John A. Dix 1873-1875 Samuel J. Tilden 1875-lfc77 Lucius Robinson 1877-1880 Alonzo B. Cornell 1880-1883 Grover Cleveland 1883-1884 David B. Hill 1884- Salary, $10,000 and house. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Albany. NEW JERSEY. Name. Term of service. William Livingston 1789-1794 William Patterson 1794-1794 Richard Howell 1794-1801 Joseph F.loomfield 1801-1812 Aaron Ogden 1812-1813 William S. Pennington 1813-1815 Mahlon Dickerson. 1815-1817 Isaac H. Williamson 1817-1829 Peter D. Vromm 1829-132 Samuel L. Southard 1832-1H33 Elias P. Seely 1833-1833 Peter D. Vroom 1833-1836 Philemon Dickerson 1836-1 837 William Pennington 1837-1843 Daniel Haines 1843-1844 Charles C. Stratton 1844-1848 Daniel Haines 1848-1851 George F. Fort 1851-1854 Rodman M. Price 1854-1857 William A. Newell 1857-1860 harles S. Olden 1860-1803 Joel Parker 1863-1 866 Marcus L. Ward 1866-1869 Theodore F. Randolph 1869-1872 Joel Parker 1872-1875 Joseph D. Bedle 1875-1878 George B. McClellan 1878-1881 George C. Ludlow 1881-1884 ieon Abbett 1884- Salary, $5,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Trenton. TABULAR RECORDS. PENNSYLVANIA. Name. Term of service. Thomas Mifflin ................................ ....1790-1799 Thomas McKean .................................... 1799-1808 Simon Snyder ....................................... 1808-1817 William Findlay ................................... 1817-1820 Joseph Heister ....................................... 1820-1823 John Andrew Shulze .............................. 1823-1829 George Wolf. ....................................... 1829-1835 Joseph Ritner ....................................... 1835-1839 David R. Porter .................................... 1839-1845 Francis R. Shunk ................................... 1845-1848 William F. Johnston .............................. 1848-1852 William Bigler ...................................... 1852-1855 James Pollock ....................................... 1855-1858 William F. Packer ................................. 1858-1861 Andrew G. Curtin ................................. 1861-1867 John W. Geary ...................................... 1867-1873 John F. Hartranft ................................. 1873-1879 Henry M. Hoyt ..................................... 1879-1883 Robert E. Pattison .................................. 1883- Salary, $10,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Harrisburg. DELAWARE. Name. Term of service. Joshua Clayton ...................................... 1789-1796 Gunning Bedford ................................... 1796-1797 Daniel Rogers ....................................... 1797-1788 Richard Bassett ..................................... 1798-1801 James Sykes (acting) .............................. 1801-1802 David Hall ........................................... 1802-1805 Nathaniel Mitchell ................................. 18(15-1808 George Truett ....................................... 18U8-1811 Joseph Haslett ...................................... 1811-1814 Daniel Rodney ...................................... 1814-1817 John Clarke .......................................... 1817-1820 Jacob Stout (acting) .............................. 1820-1821 John Collins .......................................... 1821-1822 Caleb Rodney (acting) ............................ 1822-1823 Joseph Haslett .............. : ........................ 1823-1824 Samuel Paynter ................................... 18:24-1827 George Poindexter ................................. 1827-1830 David Hazzard ...................................... 1830-1833 Caleb P. Bennett .................................. 1833-1837 Cornelius P. Comegys .......................... 1837-1840 William B. Cooper .................................. 1840-1844 Thomas Stockton ................................... 1844-1846 Joseph Maul (acting) .............................. 1846-1846 William Temple ..................................... 1846-1846 William Thorp ...................................... 1846-1851 William H. Ross .................................... 1851-1855 Peter F. Causey ..................................... 1855-1859 William Burton .................................... 1859-1863 William Cannon .................................... 1863-1865 Gove Sanlsbury ...................................... 1865-1871 James Ponder ....................................... 1871-1875 John P. Cochran .................................... 1875-1879 John W. Hall ..................................... 1879-1883 Charles C. Stockley ................................ 1883- Salary, $2,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Dover. MARYLAND. Term of service. Thomas Sim Lee .................................... 1792- John H. Stone ....................................... 1J94 John Henry Benjamin O^le John F. Mercer ..................................... Robert Bowie Robert Wright Edward Lloyd g Robert Bowie 1811-1812 Levin Winder 1812-1815 C. Ridgely 1815-1818 C. W. Gpldsborough 1818-1819 Samuel Sprigg 1819-1822 Samuel Stevens 1822-1826 Joseph Kent 1826-1829 Daniel Martin 1829-1830 T. K. Carroll 1830-1831 Daniel Martin 1831-1831 George Howard (acting) 1831-1832 George Howard 1832-1833 James Thomas..... 1833-1836 Thomas W. Veasay 1836-1838 William Grayson 1838-1841 Francis Thomas 1841-1844 Thomas G. Pratt 1844-1848 Philip F. Thomas 1848-1851 Enoch L. Lowe 1851-1854 Thomas W. Ligon 1854-1858 Thomas H. Hicks 1858-1862 Augustus W. Bradford 1862-1866 Thomas Swann 1866-1867 Odin Bowie 1867-1872 William Pinckney White 1872-1875 James B. Groome 1875-1876 John Lee Carroll.. 1876-1880 William T. Hamilton 1^80-1884 Robert M. McLane 1884-1885 Henry Lloyd 1885- Salary, $4,500, with a furnished house. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Annapolis. VIRGINIA. Name. Term of service. Beverly Randolph 1788-1791 Henry Lee 1791-1794 Robert Brooke 1794-1796 James Wood 1796-1791) James Monroe 1799-1802 John Page 1802-1805 William H. Cabell 1805-1808 John Tyler 1808-11 James Monroe 18 George W. Smith 1811-1812 James Barbour 1812-1814 Wilson C. Nicholas 1814-18 James P. Preston 1816-1819 Thomas M. Randolph James Pleasants 1822-1825 John Tyler 1825-1827 William B. Giles 1827-1830 John Floyd 1830-1834 Littleton W. Tazewell 1834-18. Windham Robertson (acting) 1836-1837 David Campbell 1837-1840 Thomas W. Gilmer 1840-1841 John Rutherford 1841 ~*ot 2 John M. Gregory 1842-1 James McDowell 1843-1846 William Smith 1846-1849 John B. Floyd 1849-1852 Joseph Johnson 1852-18, Henry A. Wise 1856-1860 JohnLetcher 1860-1864 Francis H. Pierpont 1864- Heniy H. Wells 1868-li Gilbert C. Walker 1871-18/4 James L. Kemper J^!"}??? F. W. M. Holliday 1878- William E. Cameron 1882-1886 FitzhughLee 1886- Salary, $5, COO. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Richmond. TABULAR RECORDS. NORTH CAROLINA. Name. Term of service. Alexander Martin 1789-1792 Richard D. Spaight 17,92-1795 Samuei Ashe 1795-1798 William R. Davie 1798-1799 Benjamin Williams 1799-1802 James Turner 1802-1805 Nathaniel Alexander 1805-1807 Benjamin Williams 1807-1808 David Stone 1808-1810 Benjamin Smith 1810-1811 William Hawkins 1811-1814 William Miller 1814-1817 John Branch 1817-1820 Jesse Franklin 1820-1821 Gabriel Holmes 1821-1824 Hutchins G. Burton 1824-1827 James Iredell 1827-1828 John Owen 1828-1830 Montfort Stokes 1830-1832 David L. Swain 1832-1835 Richard D. Spaight 1835-1837 Edward B. Dudley 1837-1841 John M. Morehead 1*41-1845 William A. Graham 1845-1849 Charles Manley 1849-1851 David S. Reid 1K51-1855 Thomas Bragg 1855-1859 John W. Ellis 1859-1861 Z. B. Vance 1861-1865 William W. Holden (Provisional) 1*05-1865 Jonathan Worth 1H65-1P69 William W. Holden 1869-1873 Tod R. Caldwell 1873-1874 Curtis H. Brogden 1*74-1877 Zebulon B. Vance 1877-1879 Thomas J. Jarvis 1879-1885 Alfred M. Scales 185- Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Raleigh. SOUTH CAROLINA. Name. Term of service. Charles Pinckney 1 789-1 792 Arnoldus Vanderhoi s t 1 792-1794 William Moultrie 1 794-1796 Charles Pinckney 1796-1798 Edward Rutledge 1798-1800 John Drayton (acting) 1800-1800 John Drayton (acting) 1800-1802 James B. Richardson 1802-1804 Paul Hamilton 1804-1806 Charles Pinckney 1806-1808 John Drayton 1808-1810 Henry Middleton 1810-1812 Joseph Alston 1812-1814 David R. Williams 1814-1816 Andrew J. Pickens 1 816-1818 John Geddes 1818-1820 Thomas Bennet 1820-1822 John L. Wilson 1822-1824 Richard I. Manning 1824-1826 John Taylor 1826-1828 Stephen D. Miller 1828-1830 James Hamilton 1830-1*32 Robert Y. Hayne 1832-1834 George McDuffie 1*:J4-1836 Pierce M. Butler .1836-1838 Patrick Noble 1838-1840 B. K. Hennegan (acting) 1840-1840 J. P. Richardson 1840-1842 James H. Hammond 1842-1844 William Aiken 1844-1*46 David Johnson 1846-1843 W. B. Seabrook 1848-1850 John H. Means 1850-1852 John L. Manning 1852-1851 James H. Adams 1854-1856 R. F. W. Alston 1856-1858 William H. Gist 1858-1860 Francis W. Pickens 1860-1862 M. L. Bonham 1862-1864 A. G. Magrath 1864-1865 Benjamin F. Perry (Provisional) 1865-1866 James L. Orr 1866-1869 Robert K. Scott 1869-1873 F. J. Moses, Jr 1873-1875 Daniel H. Chamberlain 1875-1876 Wade Hampton 1876-1879 W. D. Simpson 1879-1880 Thomas B. Jeter (acting) 1880-1880 Johnson Hagood 1880-1882 Hugh 8. Thompson 1882- Salary, $3,500. Term, two years. \ Seat of Government. Columbia. GEORGIA. Name. Term of service. George Walton 1789-1790 Edward Telfair 1790-1793 George Matthews 1793-1796 Jared Irwin 1796-1798 James Jackson 1798-1801 David Emanuel (acting) 1801-1801 Josiah Tatnall 1801-1802 John Milledge 1802-1806 Jared Irwin 1806-1809 David B. Mitchell 1809-1813 Peter Early 1813-1815 David B. Mitchell 1815-1817 William Raburn 1817-1819 Matthew Talbot (acting) 1819-1819 John Clark 1819-1823 George M. Troup 1823-1827 John Foray th 1827-1829 George R. Gilmer 1829-1831 Wilson Lumpkin 1831-18:55 William Schley 1835-18.37 George R. Gilmer 1837-18:59 Charles J. McDonald 1839-1843 George W. Crawford 1843-1847 George W. B. Towns 1847-1851 Howell Cobb 1851-1853 Herschel V. Johnson 1853-1857 Joseph E. Brown 1857-1865 James Johnson (Provisional) 1865-1865 Charles J. Jenkins 1865-1869 Rufus B. Bullock 1869-1872 James Milton Smith 1872-1877 Alfred H. Colquitt 1877-1882 Alexander H. Stephens 1882-1883 Henry D. Mo.Daniel 1883- Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Milledgeville. FLOEUDA. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. William P. Duval 1822-1834 John H. Eaton ..., 1834-1836 Richard K. Call 1836-1839 Robert R. Reid 1839-1841 Richard K. Call 1841-1844 John Branch 1844-1845 (State.) William D. Moseley 1845-1849 TABULAR RECORDS. XClX Term Thomas Brown 1849-1853 James E. Broome 1853-1857 Madison S. Perry 1857-1861 John Milton 1861-1864 William Marvin (Provisional) 1865-1866 David S. Walker 1866-1869 Harrison Reed 1869-1873 O. B. Hart 1873-1874 M. L. Stearns 1874-1877 George F. Drew 1877-1881 William D. Blexham 1881-1885 Edward A. Perry 1885- Salary, $3,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Tallahassee. ALABAMA. Name. William W. Bibb Thomas Bibb Israel Pickena John Murphy Gabriel Moore John Gayle Clement C. Clay Arthur P. Bagby Benjamin Fitzpatrick Joshua L. Martin Reuben Chapman Henry W. Collier John A. Winston Andrew B. Moore John G. Shorter Thomas H. Watts Lewis E. Parsons (Provisional).. R. M. Patton Win. H. Smith Robert B. Lindsay David P. Lewis George S. Houston R. W. Cobb E. A. O Neal Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Montgomery. MISSISSIPPI. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Winthrop Sargent 1798-1802 W. C. C. Claiborne 1802-1805 Robert Williams 1805-1809 David Holmes 1809-1817 (State.) David Holmes 1817-1819 George Poindexter 1819-1821 Walter Leake 1821-1825 David Holmes 1825-1827 Gerard C. Brandon 1827-1831 Abraham M. Scott 1831-1833 Hiram G. Runnels 1833-1835 Charles Lynch 1835-1837 Alexander G. McNutt 1837-1841 Tilgham M. Tucker 1841-1843 Albert G. Brown 1*43-1848 Joseph W. Mathews 1848-1850 John A. Quitman 1850-1851 John J. Guion (acting) 1851-1851 James Whitfield 1851-1852 Henry S. Foote 1852-1854 John J. MacRae 1*54-1858 William McWillie 1858-1860 John J. Pettus 1860-1862 Jacob Thompson 1862 Wm. L. Sharkey (Provisional) 18(55-1866 Benjamin G. Humphries 1866-1868 of service. 1819-1820 1820-1821 1821-1825 1825-1829 1829-1831 1831-1835 1835-1837 1837-1841 1841-1845 1845-1847 1*47-1849 1849-1853 1*53-1857 1857-1861 1861-1863 1*63-1865 1*65-1865 1-65-1869 1*69-1871 1*71-1872 1*72-1874 1*74-1878 1H78-1882 18*2- JamesL. Alcorn 1868-1870 R. C. Powers 1870-1874 Adelbert Ames 1874-1876 John M. Stone 1876-1882 Robert Lowery 1882- Salary, $4,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Jackson. LOUISIANA. (Territory of Orleans.) Name. Term of service. William C. C. Claiborne 1804-1812 (State.) William C. C. Claiborne 1812-1816 James Villare 1816-1820 Thomas B. Robertson 1820-1822 H. S. Thibodeaux (acting) 1822-1824 Henry Johnson 1824-1828 Peter Derbigney 1828-1829 A. Bauvais (acting) 1829-1830 Jacques Dupre (acting) 1830-1830 Andre B. Roman 1830-1834 Edward D. White 1834-1838 Andre B. Roman 1838-1841 Alexander Mouton 1841-1845 Isaac Johnson 1845-1850 Joseph Walker 1850-1854 Paul O. Hebert 1854-1858 R. C. Wickliffe 1853-1860 Thomas O. Moore ..1860-1864 Michael Hahn 1864-1864 James M. Wells 1864-1867 B. F. Flanders (by militarv authority) 1867-1868 Henry C. Warmouth " 1868-1872 William Pitt Kellogg 1872-1876 Francis T. Nichols 1876-1880 Louis A. Wiltz 1880-1881 Samuel D. McEnery 1881- Salary, $8,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, New Orleans. TEXAS. Name. J. Pinckney Henderson George T. Wood P. H. Bell Edward M. Pease H. G. Runnels Sam Houston F. R. Lubbeck A. J. Hamilton (Provisional)... J. W. Throckmorton E. M. Pease Edmund J. Davis Richard Coke Richard B. Hubbard O. M. Roberts John Ireland Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Austin. ARKANSAS. (Territory.) tfame. Term of service. James Miller 1819-1825 George Izard 1825-1829 John Pope 1829-1835 William S. Fulton 1835-1838 (State.) James S. Conway 1836-1840 Archibald Yell 1840-1844 Samuel Adams (acting) i*44-1844 ThomasS. Drew 1-44-1848 Term of service. 1846-1847 1*47-1849 1849-1853 1853-1857 1857-1859 1859-1861 1861-1865 1865-1866 1866-1867 1867-1870 1870-1874 1874-1876 1876-1879 1879-1883 ....1883- TABULAE RECORDS. of service. 1796-1801 1 John S. Roane ....................................... Elias N. Conway ................................... Henry M. Eector ................................. Isaac Murphy ....................................... Powell Clayton ........ . ............................. O. A. Hadley (ex off.) ............................. Harris Flannegan ............................ ...... Elisha Baxter ....................................... A. H. Garland ....................................... William E. Miller ................................. Thomas J. Churchill .................... f ......... James H. Berry .................................... Simon P. Hughes ................................... Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Little Eock. TENNESSEE. Name Term JohnSevier .......................................... Archibald Eoane .................................... JohnSevier .......................................... William Blount .................................... Joseph McMinn .................................... William Carroll .................................... Sam Houston ......................................... William Carroll .................................... Newton Cannon .................................... James K. Polk ...................................... James C. Jones ..................................... Aaron V. Brown .................................... Neil S. Brown ....................................... William Trousdale ................................ William B. Campbell.. ........................... Andrew Johnson, .................................. Isham G. Harris .................................... Andrew Johnson (military) ..................... W. G. Brownlow .................................... De Witt C. Senter ................................. JohnC. Brown ....................................... James D. Porter, Jr ............................... Albert S. Marks ................................... Alvin Hawkins ...................................... William B. Bate .................................... Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Nashville. KENTUCKY. Name. Term of service. Isaac Shelby .......................................... 1792-1796 James Garrard ....................................... 1796-1804 Christopher Greenup .............................. 1804-1808 Charles Scott ......................................... 1808-1812 Isaac Shelby .......................................... 1812-1816 George Madison ..................................... 1816-1816 G. Slaughter (acting) .............................. 1816-1820 JohnAdair ........................................... 1820-1824 Joseph Desha ........................................ 1824-1828 Thomas Metcalfe .................................... 1828-1832 John Breathitt ...................................... 1832-1834 J. T. Morehead (acting) .......................... 1834-1836 James Clark .......................................... 1836-1837 C. A. Wickliffe (acting) .......................... 1839-1840 EobertP. Leteher .................................. 1840-1844 William Owsley ................................... 1844-1848 John J. Crittenden ................................. 1848-1850 John L. Helm (acting) ........................... 1850-1851 Lazarus W. Powell ................................. 1851-1855 Charles S. Morehead ............................... 1855-1859 Beriah Magoffin ..................................... 1859-1861 J. F. Eobinson ........... . .......................... 1861-1863 Thomas E. Bramlette ............................. 1863-1867 John L. Helm ....................................... 1867-1867 John W. Stevenson (acting) ..................... 1867-1868 John W. Stevenson ................................. 1868-1871 P. H. Leslie .......................................... 1871-1875 1809- 1815-1821 1821-1827 1827-1829 1829-1835 1835-1839 1839-1841 1841-1845 1845-1847 1847-1849 1849-1851 1851-1853 1853-1857 1857-1861 1862-1864 1865-1869 1869-1871 1871-1875 1875-1879 1879-1881 1881-1883 1883- James B. McCreary 1875-1879 Luke P. Blackburn 1879-1883 J. Proctor Knott 1883- Salary, $5,000, and house furnished. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Frankfort. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Arthur St. Clair 17881803 (State.) Edward Tiffin 1803-1807 Thomas Kirker (acting) 1807-1807 Samuel Huntington 1808-1810 Eeturn J. Meigs 1810-1814 Othniel Looker (acting) 1814-1814 Thomas Worthington 1814-1818 Ethan Allen Brown 1818-1822 Allen Trimble (acting) 1822-1822 Jeremiah Morrow 1822-1826 Allen Trimble 1826-1830 Duncan McArthur 1830-1832 Robert Lucas 1832-1836 Joseph Vance 1836-1838 Wilson Shannon 1838-1840 Thomas Corwin 1840-1842 Wilson Shannon 1842-1844 Thomas W. Bartley (acting) 1844-1844 Mordecai Bartley 1844-1846 William Bebb 1846-1848 Seabury Ford 1848-1850 Reuben Wood 1850-1853 William Medill 1853-1856 Salmon P. Chase 1856-1860 William Dennison 1860-1862 David Tod 1862-1864 John Brough 1864-1865 Charles Anderson (acting) 1865-1866 Jacob D. Cox 1866-1868 Eutherford B. Hayes 1868-1872 Edward F. Noyes, 1872-1874 William Allen 1874-1876 Eutherford B. Hayes 1876-1876 Thomas L. Young 1876-1878 Eichard M. Bishop 1878-1880 Charles Foster 1880-1884 George Hoadley 1884-1886 Joseph B. Foraker 1886- Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Columbus. MICHIGAN. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. William Hull 1805-1814 Lewis Cass 1814-1831 George B. Porter 1831-1834 Stevens T. Mason (acting) 1834-1835 J. S. Homer (acting) 1835-1836 (State.) Stevens T. Mason 1836-1840 William Woodbridge 1840-1841 J. W. Gordon (acting) 1841-1842 John S. Barry 1842-1846 AlpheusFelch 1846-1847 W. L. Greenley (acting) 1847-184H Epaphroditus Ransom 1848-1850 John S. Barry 1850-1852 Robert McClelland : 1852-1853 A. Parsons (acting) 1853-1855 Kinsley S. Bingham 1855-1857 Kinsley S. Bingham 1857-1859 Moses Wisner 1859-1861 Austin Blair 1861-1865 Henry H. Crapo 1865-1869 TABULAR RECORDS. ef Henry P. Baldwin 1869-187 John J. Bagley 1873-1877 Charles M. Croswell 1877-1*81 David H. Jerome 1881-1881 Josiah W. Begole 1883-1885 Russell A. Alger 1885- Salary, $1,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Lansing. INDIANA. (Territory.) Name. Term of service William H. Harrison 1800-1811 John Gibson (acting) 1811-18K: Thomas Posey 1813-1816 (State.) Jonathan Jennings 1816-182-2 William Hendricks 1822-1825 James Brown Ray 182V-1831 Noah Noble 1831-1837 David Wallace 1837-1840 Samuel Bigger 1840-1843 James Whitcomb 1843-1848 Paris C. Dunning 1848-1849 Joseph A. Wright 1849-1857 Ashbel P. Willard 1857 Died Abraham A. Hammond.... 18(50-1861 Henry S. Lane 1861-1861 Oliver P. Morton 18J1-18G7 Conrad Baker 1867-1873 Thomas A. Hendricks 1873-1877 James D. Williams 1*77-1880 Isaac P. Gray (acting) 18*0-1881 Albert G. Porter 1881-1885 Isaac P. Gray 1885- Salary, $5,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Indianapolis. ILLINOIS. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Ninian Edwards 1809-1818 (State ) Shadrach Bond 1818-1822 Edward Coles..... 1822-1826 Ninian Edwards 1826-1830 John Reynolds 1830-1834 Joseph Ducan 1834-1838 Thomas Carlin 1838-1842 Thomas Ford 1842-1846 Augustus C. French 1846-1853 Joel A. Matteson 1853-1857 William H. Bissell 1857-1860 John Wood (acting) 1860-1861 Richard Yates 18;il-1865 Richard J. Oglesby 1865-1869 John M. Palmer 1869-1873 John L. Beveridge 1873-1877 Shelby M. Cullom 1877-1883 John M. Hamilton 1883-1885 Richard J. Oglesby 1885- Salary, $6,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Springfield. MISSOURI. (Territory.) frame. Term of service. Benjamin Howard 1812 William Clark (State.) Alexander McNair 1820-1824 Frederick Bates ..1824-1826 John Miller 1826-1832 Daniel Dunklin 1832-1836 L. W. Boggs 1836-1840 Thomas Reynolds 1840-1844 John C. Edwards 1844-1848 Austin A. King 1848-1853 Sterling Price 1853-1857 Trusten Polk 1857-1857 Hancock Jackson (acting) 1857-1857 R. M. Stewart 1857-1861 Claiborne F. Jackson 1861-1861 H. R. Gamble 1861-1864 Thomas C. Fletcher 1^64-1868 Joseph W. McClurg.. I*fi8-1871 B. Gratz Brown. 1*71-1873 Silas Woodson 1*73-1875 Charles H. Hardin 1 75-1877 John S. Phelps 1877-1881 Thomas T. Crittenden 1-81-1885 J. S. Marmaduke 1385- Salary, $5,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Jefferson City. IOWA. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Robert Lucas 1838-1841 John Chambers 1841-1846 James Clark 1846-1846 State.) Ansel Brigss 1846-1850 Stephen Hem pstead 1850-1854 James W. Grimes 1*54-1858 Ralph P. Lowe 1858-1860 S. J. Kirkwood 1*60-1864 William M. Stone 1864-1868 Samuel Merrill 1*68-1872 C. C. Carpenter 1872-1876 S. J. Kirkwood 1876-1877 Joshua G. Newbold 1877-1878 John H. Gear 1878-1882 Buren R. Sherman 1. -82-1886 William Larrabee 1*86- Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Des Moines City. WISCONSIN. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Henry Dodge 1836-1841 James D. Doty 1*41-1844 Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1*44-1845 Henry Dodge 1845-1848 (State ) Nelson Dewey 1848-1851 Leonard J. Far well , 1851-1853 William A. Barstow 1853-1855 Coles Bashford 1855-1857 Alexander W. Randall 1*57-1861 Edward Solomon 1*61-1863 James T. Lewis 1863-1866 ucius Fairchild 1866-1872 D. C. Washburne 1872-1874 William B. Taylor 1874-1876 Harrison Luddington 1876-1878 William E. Smith 1878-1882 Jeremiah M. Rusk 1882- Salary, $5,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Madison. CALIFORNIA. Name. Term of service. J eter H. Burnett 1849-1851 John McDougall (acting) 1851-1852 ohn Bigler , 1852-1856 TABULAR RECORDS. J. Neely Johnson 1856-1858 John B. Weller 1858-1860 M. S. Latham 1860-1862 John G. Downey 1860-1862 Leland Stanford 1862-1863 Frederick F. Low 1863-1868 Henry H. Haight 1868-1871 Newton Booth 1871-1875 William Irwin 1875-1879 George C. Perkins 1879-1883 George Stoneman 1883- Salary, $6,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Sacramento. MINNESOTA. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. Alexander Ramsey 1849-1853 Willis A. Gorman 1853-1857 Samuel Medary 1857-1858 (State.) Henry H. Sibley 1858-1858 Alexander Ramsey 1858-1862 Stephen Miller 1862-1866 William R. Marshall 1866-1870 Horace Austin 1870-1874 C. R. Davis 1874-1876 John S. Pillsbury 1876-1862 Lucius F. Hubbard 1882- Salary, $3,800. Term, two years. Seat of Government, St. Paul OREGON. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. James Shields 1848 Joseph Lane : 1848 John P. Gaines 1850 Joseph Lane 1853 John W. Davis 1853 George L. Curry 1854 (State.) John Whittaker 1859-1862 A. C. Gibbs 1862-1866 George L. Woods 1866-1870 L. F. Grover 1870-1877 S. F. Chadwick 1877-1878 W. W. Thayer 1878-1882 F. F. Moody 1832- Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Salem. KANSAS. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. A. H. Reeder jg54 John L. Dawson (declined) ...1855 Wilson Shannon ...1855 John W. Geary... R. J. Walker.. "2" "."". . .1857 J. W.Denver 1858 F. P. Stanton 1858 (State.) Lnarles Robinson 1861 Thomas Carney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1861-1864 S. J. Crawford 1864-1869 James M. Harvey; 1869-1873 Thomas A. Osborne 1873-1877 George T. Anthony 1877-1879 John P. St. John .........1879-1883 George W. Glick 1883-1885 John A. Martin ..................................... 1885- Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Topeka. WEST VIRGINIA. Name. Term of service* Arthur I. Boreman ................................. 1861-1869 William E. Stevenson ............................. 1869-1871 John J. Jacob ....................................... 1871-1877 Henry M. Matthews .............................. 1877-1881 Jacob B. Jackson ................................... 1881-1885 E. Willis Wilson .................................... 1885- Salary, $2,700. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Wheeling. NEVADA. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. James W. Nye ....................................... 1861-1864 (State ) H. G. Blaisdell ...................................... 1864-1871 James A. Weston ................................... 1871-1872 L. R. Bradley ....................................... 1872-1878 John H. Kinkead ................................... 1878-1883 Jewett W. Adams ........... . ........... 1883- Salary, $5,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Carson City. NEBRASKA. (Territory.) Term of service. William O. Butler (declined) ............................ 1854 Francis Burt ................................................. 1854 Mark W. Izard .............................................. 1854 William A. Richardson ................................... 1857 Samuel W. Black .......................................... 1861 Alvin Saunders (State ) David Butler ........................................ 1867-1871 William H. James ................................. 1871-1873 R. W. Furnas ................. ...................... .1873-1875 Silas Garber .......................................... 1875-1879 Albinus Nance ...................................... 1879-1883 James W. Dawes .......................... 1883- Salary, $:2,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Omaha City. COLORADO. (Territory.) Name. Term of service. John Evans .................................................. 1861 Alexander Cummings .................................... 1865 A. C. Hunt ............. . ............................... .... ..1867 E. M. McCook ............................................... 1869 John L. Routt .............................................. 1875 J. M. Tyner .................................................. 1875 (State.) John L. Routt ....................................... 1876- 1879 F. W. Pitkin ......................................... 1879-1883 James B. Grant .................................... 1883-1885 Benjamin H. Eaton ................................ 188&- Salary, $3,t)00. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Denver. TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. Name. Term of service,. James S. Calhoun ......................................... 1851 William CarrLane ......................................... 185% Solon Borland ............................................ 1853 David Merriwether ....................................... *B63 TABULAK K ECOKDS. John Greiner ...1855 Abraham Rencher 1857 Henry Connelly ....."!.!!!l861 Robert B. Mitchell 1865 W. M. T. Arny (acting) 186 William A. Pile 186 Charles "C. Crowe ...186 Willard Warner 1871 Marsh Giddings 187 Samuel B. Axtell 187 Lewis Wallace 1878 L. A. Sheldon j E. G. Eoss I Salary, $-2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Santa Fe. TERRITORY OF UTAH. Name. Term of service. Brigham Young 1850 Edward J. Steptoe 1854 Alfred Cummings 1857 S. S. Harding 1861 James D. Doty 1864 Charles Durkee 1865 I. Wilson Shaffer 1870 Vernon H. Vaughn 1870 George L. Woods 1871 S. B. Axtell 1874 George W. Emory 1875 Eli H. Murray.. 1880 Salary, $2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Salt Lake City. Name. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Term of service. Isaac I. Stevens 1853 J. Patton Anderson 1857 Fayette McMullen 1857 Bichard D. Gholson 1861 William H. Wallace 1861 William Pickering 1861 Marshall F. Moore 1867 Alvin Flanders 1869 Edward S. Salomon 1870 James F. Legate 1872 ElishaP. Ferry 1872 William A. Newell 1880 Watson C. Squire 1884 Salary, $2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Olympia. TERRITORY OF DAKOTA. Name. Term of service. William Jayne 1861 Newton Edmunds 1863 Andrew J. Faulk 1866 John A. Burbank 1869 John L. Pennington 1874 William A. Howard 1878 Nehemiah G. Ordway 1H80 Gilbert A. Pierce 1884 Salary, $2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Yankton. Name. TERRITORY OF ARIZONA. Term of set-vice. John A. Gurley (declined) 1862 John N. Goodwin 1863 M. M. Crocker (military) 1864 Richard C. McCormick J.866 A. P. K. Safford 1869 John C. Fremont 1878 Frederick A. Trifle 1882 C. M. Zulick 1885 Salary, $2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Prescott. TERRITORY OF IDAHO. Name. Term of service. William H. Wallace 1863 Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsd-ile 1864 David W. Ballard 1866 Samuel Bard 1870 Gilman Marston 1870 Alexander Connor 1871 Thomas M. Bowen 1871 Thomas W. Bennett 1871 Mason Brayman 1876 John B. Neil 1880 John N. Irwin 1883 E. A. Stevenson 1885 Salary, $3,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Boise City. TERRITORY OF MONTANA. Name. Term of service. Sidney Edgerton 1864 Francis Meagher (acting) 1865 Green Clay Smith 1866 James M. Ashley 1869 Benjamin F. Potts 1870 John S. Crosby 1883 S. T. Houser 1885 Salary, $3,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Virginia City. TERRITORY OF WYOMING. Name. Term of service. ames A. Campbell 1869 ohn M. Thayer ..1875 ohn W. Hoyt 1878 William Hale 1882 Brands E. Warren 1886 Salary, $2,600. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Cheyenne. TABULAR RECORDS. SETTLEMENT OF STATES AND TERRITORIES. THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIEMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS : NEW HAMPSHIRE. , First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, by the English Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until Septem ber 18, 1679, when a separate charter and govern ment was granted. A Constitution was formed Jan uary 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was farther altered and amended February 13, 1792. This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788. Area 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,- 976; 1860, 326,073; 1870, 318,300; 1880, 346,991. MASSACHUSETTS. First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed, December 22, 1620. Chartered, March 4, 1629; also chartered, January 30, 1630; an explanatory charter granted, August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered, October 7, 1731. Formed a Constitution, March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended, November 3, 1820, and on several occasions since that time. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Feb ruary 6, 1798. Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 1850, 994.:>14; 1860, 1,231,066; 1870, 1,457,351; 1880, 1,783,085. RHODE ISLAND. First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Wil liams and the English. Was chartered by Parliament in 1644; by King Charles II. in 1663, which charter was abrogated in 1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842, when a written Constitution was adopted. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790. Area, 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545; 1860, 174,620; 1870, 217,353; 1880, 276,531. CONNECTICUT. First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by English Pur itans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Jan uary 9, 1788. Area, 4,750 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792; 1860, 460,147; 1870, 537,454; 1880, 622,700. NEW YORK. First settled on Manhattan Island, in 1614, by the Dutch. Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented, February 9, 1674; formed a Constitution, April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed in 1846. Ratified the Constitution of the United States. July 26, 1788. Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850 3,097,394; 1860, 3,880,735; 1870, 4,382,759; 1880, 5,082,871. NEW JERSEY. First settled at Bergen, in 1620, by the Swedes, Dutch, and Danes. Held under the same grants as New York; separ ated into East and West Jersey, March 3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until a formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1776. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De cember 18, 1787. Area, 8,320 square, miles. Population in 1850, 48,,555; 1860, 672,035; 1870, 906,096; 1880, 1,131,- 116. PENNSYLVANIA. First settled on the Delaware River, in 1682, by William Penn and the English. Chartered, February 28, 1681 ; formed a Constitu tion, September 28, 1776; amended, September 2, 1790, and in 1838, and in 1857; also in 1873. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De cember 12, 1787. Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786; 1860, 2,906,215; 1870, 3,521,951; 1880, 4,282,891. DELAWARE. First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1627, by Swedes and Finns. Embraced in the charter and continued under the government of Pennsylvania until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776; anew Constitution formed, June 12, 1792, and amended in 1831. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De cember 7, 1787. Area, 2,120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,- 532; 1860, 112,216; 1870, 125,015; 1880, 146,608. MARYLAND. First settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Cath- lics and English. Chartered, June 20, 1632; formed a Constitution, August 14, 1775, which was amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812 and 1851. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. Area, 11,124 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034; 1860, 687,049; 1870, 780,894; 1880, 934,943. New Constitution, abolishing slavery, adopted iu September, 1864. VIRGINIA. First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the En glish. Chartered, April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612; formed a Constitution, July 5, 1776; amend ed, January 15, 1830. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 26, 1788. Area, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421.661; 1860, 1,219.630; 1870, 1,225,163; 1880, 1,512,565. Seceded April, 1861. Re-admitted January, 1870. NORTH CAROLINA. First settled in Albemarle, in 1650, by the En glish. Chartered, March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; TABU LA R RECORDS. formed a Constitution, December 18, 1776, which was amended in 1845. Ratified the Constitution of the United States No vember 21, 1789. Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850. 869,839; 1860, 992,622; 1870, 1,071,361; 1880, 1,399,- 750. Seceded May, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. SOUTH CAROLINA. First settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the Hugue nots; in 1689 by the English. Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Carolina, from which it was separated in 1729; formed a Constitution, March 26, 1776, which was amended, March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 23, 1788. Area, 34,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507; I860, 703,708; 1870, 705,6. W; 1880,995,577. Seceded November, 1860. Re-admitted June, 1868. GEORGIA. First settled at Savannah, in 1733, by Oglethorpe and English. Chartered June 9, 1732; formed a Constitution, February 5, 1777, a second in 1785, a third May 30, 1798, and amended in 1839. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Jan uary 2, 1788. Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185; 1860, 1,057,286; 1870, 1,184,109; 1880, 1.- 542,180. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION AEE AS FOLLOWS: VERMONT. First settled at Fort Dummer, in 1764, by Eng lish from Connecticut, and under grants from New Hampshire. Formed from Territory of New York. Admitted March 4, 1791. A constitution adopted July 9, 1793. Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1850, 314,130; 1860, 315,098; 1870, 330,551; 1880, 332,286. KENTUCKY. First settled near Lexington, in 1765. Formed from Territory of Virginia. Admitted June 1, 1792. A Constitution laid before Congress, November 7, 1792. A new Constitution adopted, August 17, 1799. Area, 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405; 1860, 1,155,684; 1870, 1,321,011; 1880, 1,- 648,690. TENNESSEE. First settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756. Formed from Territory of North Carolina in 1790. Adopted a Constitution, February 6, 1796, and amended in 1835. Admitted June 1, 1796. Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,002,717; |1860, 1,109,801; 1870, 1,258,520; 1880, 1,542,359. Seceded June, 1861. Re-admitted July, 1866. OHIO. First settled at Marietta, in 1788. Formed from Northwest Territory. Organized as Territory by Ordinance of 1787. Adopted a Constitution, November 1, 1802; adopted a new one in 1851. Admitted November 29, 1802. Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,980,329; 1860, 2,339,511; 1870,2,665,260; 1880, 3,- 198,062. LOUISIANA. First settled at IberviUe, in 1699. Formed from French Territory. Organized as Territory, March 3, 1805. Adopted a Constitution, January 22, 1812, and amended it in 1845 and 1852. A new Constitution formed in 1864. Admitted April 30, 1812. Area, 41,346 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762; 1860, 708,002; 1870, 726,915; 1880,939,946. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. INDIANA. First settled at Vincennes, in 1730. Formed from Northwest Territory. Organized as Territory, July 4, 1800. Adopted a Constitution, June 29, 1816, and amended in 1851. Admitted December 11, 1816. Area. 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416; 1860, 1,350,428; 1870, 1,680,637; 1880, 1,- 978,301. MISSISSIPPI. First settled at Natchez, in 1716. Formed from Territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Organized as Territory, April 7, 1798. Adopted a Constitution, March 1, 1817, and amended in 1832. Admitted December 10, 1817. Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,526; 1860, 791,305; 1870, 827,922; 1880, 1,131,597. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted in 1870. ILLINOIS. First settled at Kaskaskia, in 1720, by French. Formed from Northwest Territory. Organized as Territory March 1, 1809. Adopted a Constitution, August 26,1818. Admitted December 3, 1818. Area, 55,410 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470; 1860, 1,711,951; 1870, 2,539,891; 1880, 3, 077,871. ALABAMA. First settled near Mobile, in 1702, by French. Formed from Territory of South Carolina ;r.id Georgia, and for two years bore the name of Mis sissippi Territory. Organized as Territory March 3, 1817. Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819. Admitted December 14, 1819. Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623; 1860, 9C4, 201; 1870. 996,992; 1880, 1,262,505. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. MAINE. First settled at Bristol, in 1624, by the English. Formed from Territory of Massachusetts. Adopted a Constitution, October 29, 1819. Admitted March 15, 1820. Area, 35,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169; 1860, 628,279; 1870, 629,915; 1880, 648,936. MISSOURI. First settled at St. Louis, in 1764, by French. Formed from French Territory. Organized as Territory June 4, 1812. TABULAR RECORDS. Adopted a Constitution, July 10, 1820. Admitted August 10, 1821. Area, 65,350 square miles. Population in 18oO, 682,044; 1860, 1,182,012; 1870, 1,721,295; 1880, 2,- 168,380. Ordinance abolishing slavery adopted in January, 1865. ARKANSAS. First settled at Arkansas Post, in 1685, by the French. Formed from French Territory, the Louisiana pur chase. Organized as Territory, March 2, 1819. Presented a Constitution, March 1, 1836. Admitted June 15, 1836. Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897; 1860, 435,450; 1870, 484,471; 1880, 802,525. Seceded March, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. MICHIGAN. First settled on the Detroit River, in 1650, by the French. Formed from Territory originally belonging to Virginia. Organized as Territory, June 30, 1305. Presented a memorial for admission, January 25, 1833, with a Constitution, which was revised in 1850. Admitted January 26, 1837. Area, 56,451 square miles. Population in 1850, 97,654; 1860, 749,113; 1870, 1,184,059; 1880, 1,636,- 937. FLORIDA. Discovered in 1497, and first explored by Ponce de Leon in 1512; Settled by the Spaniards. Formed from Spanish territory. Organized as Ter ritory, March 30, 1822. Presented a Constitution, February 20, 1839. Admitted March 3, 1845. Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87.445; 1860, 140,424; 1870, 187,748; 1880, 269,493. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. TEXAS. First settled in 1792, by Spaniards. Was an Independent Republic after passing from Mexico. Admitted December 29, 1845. Area, 274,356 square miles. Population in 18.">0, 212,592; 1860, 604,116; 1870; 818,579; 1880, 1,591,- 749. Seceded February, 1861. Re-admitted April, 1870. WISCONSIN. First settled at Green Bay, in 1670. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter ritory, July 3, 1836. Adopted a Constitution, January 21, 1847. Admitted May 29, 1848. Area, 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391; 1860, 775,881; 1870, 1,054,670; 1880, 1,315,- 497. IOWA. First settled at Galena and Dubuque. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter ritory, July 3, 1838. Presented a Constitution, December 9, 1844. Admitted March 3, 1845, and re-admitted with en larged boundaries, December 28, 1846. Area, 55,045 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,214; 1860, 674,913; 1870, 1,194,020; 1880, 1,624,- 115. CALIFORNIA. First settled on the Pacific slope by Spaniards. Formed from Mexican territory. Adopted a Constitution, November 13, 1849. Admitted September 9, 1850. Area, 188,981 square miles. Population in 1850, 92,597; 1860, 379,994; 1867, 493,992; 1870, 560,247; 1880, 864,694. MINNESOTA. First settled on the St. Peter s River, in 1805. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter ritory, March 3, 1849. Admitted May 11, 1858. Area, 85,531 square miles. Population in 1850, 6,079; 1860, 172,023; 1870, 439,706; 1880, 780,773. OREGON. First settled by Spaniards. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter ritory, August 14, 1848. Adopted a Constitution in November, 1857. Admitted February 14, 1859. Area, 95,274 square miles. Population in 1810, 12,093; 1860, 52,465; 1867, 78,697; 1870, 190,993; 1880, 174,768. KANSAS. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter ritory, May 30, 1854. Admitted January 29, 1861. Area, 81,318 square miles. Population in 18GO, 107,206; 1870, 364,399; 1880, 996,096. WEST VIRGINIA. Formed from the State of Virginia, December 31, 1862. Admitted June 19, 1863. Area, 23,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 376,688; 1870, 442,014; 1880, 618,457. NEVADA. Formed from Indian territory, March 2, 1861. Admitted October 31, 1864. Area, 112,090 square miles. Population in 1863, 40,000; 1867, 41,142; 1870, 42,491; 1880, 62,266. NEBRASKA. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as a Territory, May 30, 1854. Admitted March 1, 1867. Area, 75,995 square miles, Population in 1860, 28,841; 1870, 122,993; 1880, 452,402. COLORADO. Organized as a Territory February 28, 1861. Admitted August 1, 1876. Area, 104,500 square miles. Population in 1867, estimated not including Indiana, 37,391; 1870, 39,864; 1880, 194,327. TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. UTAH. Organized September 9, 1850. Area, 88,056 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 80 - 546; 1870, 86,78(J; 1880, 143,963. TABULAR RECORDS. cvii NEW MEXICO. Organized December 13, 1850. Area, 124,450 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 93,- 516; 1870, 91,874; 1880, 119,565. WASHINGTON. Organized March 2, 1853. Area, 69,994 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,201; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 17,391; 1870, 23,955; 1880, 75,116. DAKOTA. Organized March 2, 1861. Area, 240,595 square miles. Population in 1867, not including Indians, 5,321: 1870, 14,181; 1880, 135,177. ARIZONA. Organized February 24, 1863. Area, 113,916 square miles. Population in 1867, not including Indians, 5,000; 1870, 9,658; 1880, 40,- 440. IDAHO. Organized March 3, 1863. Area, 90,932 square miles. Population in 1867, in cluding Indians, 20,000; 1870, 14,999, not including Indians; 1880, 32,610. MONTANA. Organized May 26, 1864. Area, 143,776 square miles. Population in 1867, including Indians, 30,000; 1870, not including Indi ans, 20,595; 1880, 39,159. WYOMING. Organized July 25, 1868. Area, 106,000 square miles. Estimated population, 1870, 9,118; 1880, 20,789. ALASKA. Obtained by treaty from Russia, 1867. Area, 377,390 square miles. Population in 1870, 70,000, estimated. INDIAN. Area, 68,991 square miles. Population unknown. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Established under the First Article of the Consti tution of the United States: " Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten 1 miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States," etc. In pur-j suunce of which provision the State of Maryland, j December 23, 1788, passed "An act to cede to Con-| gress a district of ten miles square in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States." And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed "An act for the cession of ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Government." These cessions were accepted by Congress, as re quired by the Constitution, and the permanent seat of Government established by the "Act for estab lishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Gov ernment of the United States," approved July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 1791. The district of ten miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and boundaries particularly established by a proclamation of George Washington, President of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the "Act concerning the District of Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed com plete jurisdiction over the said district, as contem plated by the framers of the Constitution. Area, originally 100 square miles, now about 60. Population in 1850, 51,687; 1860, 75,080; 1866, 118,- 867; 1870, 131,700; 1880, 177,624. In 1846 that portion of the District lying south of the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia by act of Congress. Slavery was abolished in this District by an act of Congress, approved April 16, 1862. INCREASE OF AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. The United States commenced its career as an ac knowledged Government with a landed area of 827,- 844 square miles; cession by France in 1803, 1,171,- 931 square miles, and cost, $23,500,000; cession by Spain in 1819, 59,268 square miles, and cost, $6,500,- 000; annexation of Texas in 1845, 376,163 square miles; cession of Mexico in 1848, 591,318 square miles, and cost, $15,000,000; cession by Russia in 1867, 577,390 square miles, and cost, $7,200,000. Total area, including lakes and rivers, 4,000,000 square miles. ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES. Maine was so called as early as 1623, from Maine, in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen of En gland, was at that time proprietress. Popular name The Pine Tree State. New Hampshire was the name given to the territory conveyed by the Plymouth Company to Captain John Mason, by patent, November 7, 1629, with reference to the patentee, who was Governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England. Popular name The Granite State. Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in their Declaration of Independence, January 16, 1777, from the French verd mont, the Green Mountains. Popu lar name The Green Mountain State. Massachusetts was so called from Massachusetts Bay, and that from the Massachusetts tribe of In dians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is thought to have derived its name from the Blue Hills of Milton. "I had learnt," says Roger Williams, " that the Massachusetts were so called from the Blue Hills." Popular name The Bay State. Rhode Island was so called, in 1664, in reference to the Island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean. Popu lar name Little Rhody. Connecticut was so called from the Indian name of its principal river. Connecticut is a Mocheakannew word, signifying long river. Popular names The Nutmeg or Free Stone State. New York was so called, in 1664, in reference to the Duke of York and Albany, to whom this terri tory was granted by the King of England. Popular names The Empire or Excelsior State. New Jersey was so called, in 1664, from the Island of Jersey, on the coast of France, the residence of Sir George Carteret, to whom the territory was granted. Pennsylvania was so called, in 1681, after William Penn. Popular name The Keystone State. Delaware was so called, in 1703, from Delaware Bay, on which it lies, and which received its name Cviii TABULAR KECORDS. from Lord de la War, who died in this bay. Popular names The Blue Hen, or Diamond State. Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles L, in his patent to Lord Baltimore, June 30, 1632. Virginia was so called, in 1584, after Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England. Popular names The Old Dominion, or Mother of Presidents. Carolina was so called by the French, in 1564, in honor of King Charles IX. of France. Popular name of South Carolina The Palmetto State; of North Carolina The Old North, or Tar Heel State. Georgia was so called, in 1732, in honor of King George II. Popular name The Cracker State. A abama was so called, in 1814, from its principal river, meaning here we rest. Mississippi was so called, in 1800, from its western boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the whole river, that is, the river formed by the union of many. Popular name The Bayou State. Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis XIV. of France. Popular name The Creole State. Tennessee was so called, in 1796, from its principal river. The word Ten-as-se is said to signify a curved spoon. Popular name The Big Bend State. Kentucky was so called, in 1792, from its principal river. Popular name The State of the Dark and Bloody Ground. Illinois was so called, in 1809, from its principal river. This word is said to signify the river of men. Popular names The Sucker, or Prairie State. Indiana was so called, in 1809. from the American Indians. Popular name The Ho j si IT State. Ohio was so called, in 1802, from its southern boundary. Popular name The Buckeye State. Meaning of Indian word Ohio-i, beautiful. Missouri was so called, in 1821, from its principal river. Indian name, meaning muddy water. Michigan was so called, in 1805, from the lake on its border. Indian name, meaning a weir for fish. Popular name The Wolverine State. Arkansas was so called, in 1812, from its principal river. Indian name. Popular name The Bear State. Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Leon, in 1572, because it was discovered on Easter Sunday; in Spanish, Pascura Florida. Wisconsin was so called from its principal river. Indian name, meaning wild rushing river. Popular name The Badger State. Iowa was so called from its principal river. Indian name, meaning the sleepy ones. Popular name Hawkey e State. Oregon was so called from its principal river. In dian name, meaning river of the west. Minnesota is also an Indian word, meaning the whitish water. Popular name The Gopher State. California, a Spanish word, and named from an arm of the Pacific Ocean. Popular name the Gold en State. Texas, a Spanish word applied to the Republic. Popular name The Lone Star State. Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the smoky water. Popular name The Jayhawker State. West Virginia. So called after Virginia. Nevada is a Spanish word, meaning white with snow. Popular name Sage Hen State. Nebraska an Indian word, ? 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