. 'JHQ HHHE ANNALS OF THE BARBER-SURGEONS *~ OF LONDON, COMPILED FROM THEIR RECORDS AND OTHER SOURCES, BY SIDNEY YOUNG, ONE OF THE COURT OF ASSISTANTS OF THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF BARBERS OF LONDON, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY AUSTIN T. YOUNG. Set me embrace ttjee, goob olb chronicle, JEfyat rjast so long roalk'b fycmb tit fyanb a>itrj time. Shakespeare. +$ London : BLADES, EAST & BLADES, 23, Abchurch Lane, E.C. 1890. 7 CI inery cliyloe be was, so gob me sane Wei coube b t e lot bloob, clvppe, cmb stjaue. Chaucer, PREFACE, HAT the foundation of the Commerce, and consequently of the Greatness, of London was laid by the old Livery Guilds — few will question. Much is already known, through the Histories of such of them as have been written — and an apology from me is not needed for a further contribution to so interesting a study. But whilst I make no apology for the contribution, I crave the indulgence of my readers for any shortcomings which, from a literary point of view, may appear in this work ; I invite their attention to the matter, rather than to the style in which it is expressed. About eight years ago I applied to our Court for permission to search the Records, and my request being complied with, I devoted such spare time as I could secure from an engrossing occupation to the com- pilation of these Annals. The work has necessarily led to the burning of much midnight oil, because every extract and every line has been made by my own pen. The researches have extended to the examina- tion of all, and the transcript of a considerable portion of thirteen lengthy Charters and sets of By-laws, as also to the entire perusal of about a hundred books of Records. In addition to this, there has been much labour expended at the British Museum, the Public Record Office, the Guildhall, and Somerset House. The material thus collected became so voluminous, that I experienced considerable difficulty in separating it into Subject Chapters, and also in deciding what to retain and what to reject ; my iv c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. endeavour in this respect having been to preserve all that is really interesting and curious, discarding dry legal passages, doubtful points, and wearisome repetitions. None but those who have had experience of the crabbed eccentric writing and contractions of former times (see some of the fac-si?nilcs given) and of the abbreviated "Court hand" Latin in which Charters and other Records were penned, can have the least idea of the trouble and care required in their deciphering ; but in this respect I have not spared pains in giving literal and accurate transcripts. In no case have I modernized the old spelling, or interfered with the quaintness of the original expressions ; though all dates occurring between the ist January and 24th March prior to the year 1752 (when "old style" was extinguished) have been rectified, and the "historical year," according to our present computation, given ; thus rendering the chronology systematic, and avoiding confusion and inaccuracy. It is a matter of the greatest regret, that whilst we possess some earlier records, our Court Minutes previous to 1 55 1 are lost. It is con- jectured that they must have been at the Hall in 1793 (as a partial list of Masters was then compiled), but all trace of them has now disappeared. Again, the Minutes from 1651-1689 are now missing, although they were at the Hall about forty years ago. I may here take the opportunity to remark that the Barbers and Barber-Surgeons held a somewhat distinctive position apart from other Companies, inasmuch as they were a Professional rather than a Trade Guild, and their History, consequently, becomes invested with an especial interest. Another point to which I, as a Barber, am proud to refer is that our Company stood out, alone, as the pioneer of Technical Education, hundreds of years before it became as popular as it now is. From the middle of the fifteenth century the Company was careful to cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. v provide for Surgical Lectures, and the regular and systematic instruction of its members. The means originally employed may have been primitive, but they were dictated by high motives, and gradually extended and developed ; a Museum (a poor one, it is true) and a valuable Library were founded, an Anatomical Theatre was built, and every opportunity taken to encourage the Scientific study of Surgery — all with results fraught with the greatest benefit, not only to London, but to the Kingdom at large. In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to those who have aided me in my work, and especially to my dear and valued friend, Past Master Charles John Shoppee, whose practical assistance, advice and encouragement all through, have been to me of the greatest service. Mr. D'Arcy Power, M.A., has laid me under much obligation, and particularly for revising and perfecting my translation of the Norman- French Ordinances, 1 2th Rich. II. My son, Austin Travers Young, has rendered valuable assistance in delineating the several Illustrations throughout the work, and lastly, I must record, with gratitude, my obligation to Mr. Edward Lawless for the attention and care bestowed upon me on the numerous occasions of my visits to the Hall. The preparation of this work, a somewhat arduous task for an Amateur, has been to me purely a labour of love, and, in laying down my pen I may be permitted to add, that my best wishes for the Ancient Mystery of Barbers are summed up in the words of our time-honoured toast, " The Worshipful Company of Barbers, Root and Branch, and may it flourish for ever." SIDNEY YOUNG. Alwyne Road, Canonbury. March, iSpo. 1889-18 9 0. THE COURT OF THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF BARBERS OF LONDON. "§$Tctsf ev : WILLIAM AARON ECCLESTONE, Esq. "g&avbens : WILLIAM LUMLEY, Esq. JAMES COPE CORNISH, Esq. JOSEPH WILSON, Esq. HENRY EVANS, Esq. CHARLES JOHN SHOPPEE, Esq. JAMES HARVEY, Esq., Deputy. HENLEY GROSE SMITH, Esq. GEORGE AUSTIN, Esq. RICHARD JAMES ATKINSON, Esq. CHARLES HOWARD ATKINSON Esq. WALTER HENRY WILKIN, Esq., Alderman. JONATHAN DENNY, Esq. Jlsststcmfs : THOMAS GEORGE DRIVER, Esq. NATHAN SALAMAN, Esq. JOHN CARY LOVELL, Esq. EDWARD CHARLES CORNISH, Esq. GEORGE AUSTIN, Jun., Esq. WALTER LUMLEY, Esq. THOMAS ARTHUR GREENE, Esq. SIDNEY YOUNG, Esq. ALFRED LOW, Esq. CONTENTS Preface The Court of the Company 1889 1890 Contents ... List of Illustrations, etc Table of Leading Dates The Names of the Masters and Wardens from the year 1 308 A list of such members of the Company as have served Surgeon A list of King's Barbers . A list of members of the Company who have served the offices or Lord Mayor of the City of London Historical Account, The Barbers Unincorporate Historical Account, The Barbers Incorporate ... Extracts from Court Minutes, etc., more particularly relating of the Company Precedence Court of Assistants The Commonalty Apprentices Freemen ... Liverymen The Yeomanry The Clerk The Beadle Surgery . . . Surgical Lectures and Demonstrations Wardens' and other Accounts . . . Disputes ... the Office of Serjeant of Sheriff, Alderman to the Internal History PAGE iii vi vii ix xii 18 19 19 21 5 1 169 239 242 252 261 270 273 276 288 299 308 361 379 423 VIII ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. Heraldry ... Feasts The Irish Estate ... Charities ... Inventories Plate Pictures ... Biographical Notices of Eminent Members Lord Burgavenny 5i4 Lord Windsor 515 The Duke of Monmouth 515 The Earl of Leven 516 Sir John Aylef 516 Thomas Vicary 522 Richard Ferris S24 John Pen 525 Nicholas Alcocke 527 Robert Balthrop 528 Sir Peter Proby 532 William Clowes 535 William Clowes, jun. ... 537 Thomas Thorney 538 Peter Thorney ... 539 John Gerard 540 Sir Thomas Bludder 545 Sundry Monumental Inscriptions Appendices Martin Browne Edward Arris Sir John Frederick Sir Nathaniel Heme Sir John Lethieullier Ephraim Skinner Sir Humphrey Edwin Sir William Stewart Charles Bernard Sir John Bull Claudius Amyand Sir Thomas Challoner William Cheselden Ambrose Dickins Sir Cresar Hawkins, Bart Walter Henry Wilkin ... 1'AGE 431 443 468 481 486 492 508 514 546 547 550 554 556 55S 560 562 563 565 565 567 568 570 571 572 573 575 ERRATA, p. 28 1. 20, for "religions" read "religious.' p. 126 1. 7, for " Sugeons " read "Surgeons." p. 135 1. 3, for " 1869" read " 1864." p. 144 1. 20, for " 1869" read " 1864." p. 169 foot note I, for " 1526" read " 1525." p. 258 1. 3, for "freemen" read "freeman." p. 473 1. 7, for " Peek " read " Peck." LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. Frontispiece — Henry VIII, from a portrait by Holbein at the Hall Old Cabinet of Masters' Names at the Hall Historical Account Henry VIII and Edward IV... ... Great Seal of Edward IV Fac-simile, Grant to Robert Ferbras and others, of property in Walbi Fac-simile, Saints Cosmo and Damian, and the Surgeons' Arms Fac-simile of a Diploma granted to a Surgeon in 1497 ... Portrait of Sir Thomas More... Holbein's Picture at Barbers' Hall ... Facsimile Page of Court Minute Book Initial of Charter, Philip and Mary... Heading of By-Laws, 1606 Interior of Court Room Plan of Estate Old Entrance to Barber-Surgeons' Hall The Committee Room, Barbers' Hall A Master and Wardens, etc. ... Fac-simile Title-page to Charter Book Fac-simile Corn Note ... The Compter in Wood Street Portion of the Master's Silver Garland A Grotesque, over the Court Room Door ... A Procession of Liverymen An Initial Letter from the Audit Book 21 5' 55 rook, 1462 61 69 69 77 §3 99 IOI 116 132 135 144 168 169 197 212 213 2 39 242 252 252 A X ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. Seals of some of the Charters ... Autograph of Charles Bernard (Clerk John Paterson ... E. L One of the Beadle's Mace Heads Surgical Instruments, &c. Alderman Arris ... Sir Charles Scarborough and Alderman Arris at a Demonstration, on either side S. Cosmo and S. Damian ... An Initial Letter from the Audit Book Fac-simile Page of Court Minute Book Upper and Middle Wardens' Garlands An Initial Letter from the Audit Book An Initial Letter from the Audit Book Barber-Surgeons' Hall, 1 674-1 864 Renter Warden's Garland Disputants at the Bar of the Court Inigo Jones Arms of the City of London, the Barbers, the Surgeons, and England The Barbers' Arms Engraving in Bowl of Henry VII ['s Cup The Barber-Surgeons' Arms, 1561 The Barber-Surgeons' Arms, 1569 Serving a Feast ... The Irish Estate The Old Poors' Box, and names of Benefactors Taking an Inventory Some of the Plate Henry VIII's Grace Cup King Charles' Cup, Queen Anne's Punch Bowl, and Atkinson's Punch Ladles Martin Browne's and Sir John Frederick's Loving Cups Collins' Flagon, Monforde's Hammer, and Arris' Cups Tea Spoons The North Side of the Court Room ... ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons. XI s. y Portraits of Sir John Aylef and Thomas Arms of Sir John Aylef... John Pen Robert Balthrop Sir Peter Proby ■ William Clowes John Gerard ... Martin Browne Edward Arris ... Sir John Frederick ... ■ Sir Nathaniel Heme ... Sir John Lethieullier ... Ephraim Skinner Sir Humphry Edwin . . . . Sir William Stewart ... Charles Bernard Sir John Bull Claudius Amyand Sir Thomas Challoner William Cheselden Ambrose Dickins Sir Cassar Hawkins, Bart. ■ Walter H. Wilkin ... Seals of the Barber-Surgeons . . . Vicary , after Holbein 5M 522 516 5 2 5 528 532 535 54° 546 547 55° 554 556 558 560 562 563 565 565 567 568 5 7° 57i 572 575 TABLE OF LEADING DATES 1308. Richard le Barber, the first Master of the Barbers' Company, is sworn at Guildhall. 1388. The Masters of the Company make a return to the King's Writ, and set forth their then ancient ordinances. 145 1. Grant of Arms to the Masters of Barbery and Surgery within the Craft of Barbers. 1462. Edward IV incorporates the Barbers by Royal Charter. 1493. Informal alliance between the Barbers (Barber-Surgeons) and the Fellowship of Surgeons. 1530. The Barbers' Ordinances are settled and allowed by Sir Thomas More. 1540. The Fellowship of Surgeons are united (by Act of Parliament 32 H. VIII) to the Company of Barbers. 1569. Grant of Arms to the Barber-Surgeons. 1605. James I grants a new Charter. 1629. Charles I grants a new Charter. 1684. All of the Company's Charters are surrendered to the King. 1685. James II grants a new Charter. 1745. The Surgeons are separated (by Act of Parliament 18 G. II) from the Barbers. THE NAMES OF THE MASTERS AND WARDENS From the Year 1308. K.TS. signifies King's Barber; K.S. King's Surgeon, and S.S. Serjeant-Surgeon. An - Masters of the Barbers. Sworn at Guildhall. 130S Richard le Barber. December, 1308. I37S John Queldrick. 1376 Lawrence de Weston. John de Grantone. 1377 Thomas Boyvel. Will'"- Osneye. 26 August, 1377. 1378 John Paeon. Rich d - Morys. 15 October, 1378. 1382 Rich d Capoll. John Haydon. 19 September, 1382. 1383 Reginald Godard. Walter Giseboum. 15 September, 1383. 1384 William May. Simon Conyngesby. 6 October, 1384. 1386 John Paeon. John Levelyf. 13 April, 1386. 1388 John Shepey. Rich d - Caupoll. 16 April, 1388. 1388 John Haydon. Henry Cook. 10 September, 1388. 1389 Rich 1 ' Geddyngs. John Cheyr. 22 September, 1389. 1390 John Paeon. John Bestchirche. 31 August, 1390. '39 1 John Childe. Will" 1 - Chapman. 27 November, 1391. 2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. An" Masters. Wardens. Masters of the Barbers practising the art of Surgery. Simon Rolf. !4!5 Richard W r ellys. 1416 John Brampton. John Morysch. Richard Clerc. John Parker. Simon Rolf. 1417 Richard Wellys. John Queldryk. Will"'- Chapeley. John Child. John Parker. 1419 Roger Rooke. John Dalton. John Blakye. Rich"- Wellys. Simon Roolf. 1421 John Branton. Will" 1 ' Shiplake. Will"'- Bacon. 1423 Will"'- Hunnc. Will'"- Chapelyn. Will m - Ryggewyk. Simon Rolf. John Dalton. 1424 Rich d - Snadenham. John Queldryk. Rich' 1 ' Merlawe. Rich d - Welles. Simon Rolf. 1428 Simon Poule. John Purchas. Simon Rolf. Rich"- Welles. 1441 Pierce Pope. John Warwick. John Roote. 1442 Pierce Pope. John Warwick. John Roote. 1443 John Roote. John Urse. John Waystbe. 1444 Henry Grave. John Grafton. John Mereston. 1445 Henry Grave. John Grafton. John Mereston. 1446 John Blakey. Roger Scripe. Will" 1 - Legge. M47 John Daulton. \Vill m ' Woodhouse. Tho 5 - Willot. An - Masters. Wardens. 1448 John Struge. John Hobbis. John Grafton. John Porter. 1449 Tho s - Geffery. John Warwick. Will-- Hill. Roger Webb. 145° John Grafton. John Wale. John Wakeley. Edmund Callowe. I45 1 John Struge. Tho 5 - Willot. Tho 5 - Wallis. Hugh Harte. i45 2 John Wakeley. John I'orter. Will m - Legge. Rob'- Dasons. 1453 John Daulton. Edmund Callowe. Roger Scripe. John Caster. 1454 John Urle. Will" 1 - Hill. Tho 5 - Wallis. Will 1 "- Hayles. 1455 John Grafton. John Pinchon. Rob'- Dasons. John Wilkinson. 1456 Roger Scripe. Tho 5 - Browne. Will'"- Whitebred. Henry Brooke. 1457 Tho 5 - Willot. John Pinchon. John Caster. John Lunne. cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 3 An"- Masters. Wardens. 1453 John Porter. Will'"- Hobbis. Will'"- Pollet. Reg' d - Young. M59 John Caster. Rich d - Eastey. Tho'- Castard. John Morden. 1460 Will" 1 - Legge. Hugh Harte. John Saunders. Tho 5 Folliot. 1461 Roger Scripe. Will"' Hobbes, S.S. Tho 5 Goddard. Rich d - Kent. 1462 Rob' Dallahouse. John Pinchon. Rowland Frankish. John Springet. 1463 Will™- Hill. Rich d - Gastey. Rcgin , Wilkin, Aid. 18S3 William Ruston. Rich d - Ja s Atkinson. Walter H>- Wilkin, Aid. Jonathan Denny. 1884 Rich d - Ja s - Atkinson. Walter H* Wilkin, Aid. Jonathan Denny. Cha 5 Howard Atkin- son. 1885 Walter Hy. Wilkin, Aid. Jonathan Denny. Tho 5 - George Driver. Nathan Salaman. 1886 Jonathan Denny. Tho s - George Driver. Edw d - Cha 5, Cornish . George Austin, jun r - 1887 Edward Cha s ' Cornish. George Austin, jun r - W'"- Aaron Eccle- stone. Will 1 "- Lumley. 1888 George Austin, jun r - W m - Aaron Eccle- stone. Will" 1 - Lumley. Ja s - Cope Cornish. 1889 W m - Aaron Ecclestone. Will'" Lumley. Ja s - Cope Cornish. Joseph Wilson. D 18 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. A LIST OF SUCH MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY AS HAVE SERVED THE OFFICE OF SERJEANT SURGEON. This List, as well as the list of King's Barbers, is un- doubtedly incomplete, but contains the names of all those of whom any record exists at Barbers' Hall. A short account of the Office of Serjeant Surgeon etc., may be seen in The Medical Times for 1867, vol. 2, p. 438. William Hobbes, W. 1461. Thomas Vicary, M. 1530, &c. Richard Ferris, M. 1562. Robert Balthrop, M. 1565. William Gooderus, M. 1594. George Baker, M. 1597. Christopher Frederick, M. 1609. William Clowes, M. 1626. Humphrey Painter, M. 1661. John Knight, M. 1663. Richard Wiseman, M. 1665. Thomas Hobbs, M. 1687. Thomas Gardiner, M. 1697. Charles Bernard, M. 1703. Ambrose Dickins, M. 1729. Claudius Amyand, M. 1731. John Ranby, S.S. to George II, sworn a foreign brother of the Company 5 October, 1722. Sir Caesar Hawkins, Bart., S.S. to George III, admit- ted to the Livery 1736. Thomas Gataker, S.S. to George III, was free of the Company. M. signifies Master. W. Warden. c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. '9 A LIST OF THE KING'S BARBERS. Nicholas Simpson, M. 1537. John Penn, M. 1539. Edmund Harman, M. 1540. Thomas Caldwell, M. 1628. Thomas Davyes, M. 1639. Thomas Lisle, M. 1662. Ralph Foliard, M. 1664. M. signifies Master. A LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY WHO HAVE SERVED THE OFFICES OF SHERIFF, ALDERMAN OR LORD MAYOR OF THE CITY OF LONDON. Name. Master. Sheriff. Alderman. Mayor. Sir John Ayliffe (Grocer) Sir Peter Proby (Grocer) Sir John Frederick (Grocer) M.P. for Dartmouth, M. P. for the City. Edward Arris ... Sir Nathaniel Heme ... M.P. for Dartmouth. Sir John Lethieullier ... Sir Humphry Edwin (Skinner) Sir William Stewart (Goldsmith) Sir John Bull (Clothworker) ... Sir Thomas Challoner ... Walter Henry Wilkin 1538 1615 '654 I 1658 ] 1651 1674 1676 1688 1761 1885 1548 1614 1655) 1674 1674 1688 1711 1718 1762 Bridge Without, 1551 Dowgate Queenhithe Vintry, 1653 Coleman Street Bridge Without, 1663 Billingsgate, 1676... Tower Cripplegate, 1 7 1 1 Aldgate, 1760 Lime Street, 1888. 1622 1661 1697 1721 D 2 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT THE BARBERS UNINCORPORATE. HE origin of the Barbers' Guild partook of a religious character ; and the meeting together of men of the craft for religious observances, for attending the funerals and obits of deceased members and their wives, and for feasting once a year, gradually trans- formed a semi-social and religious guild into what ultimately became a purely secular or " trade guild.'' This religious origin is borne out by the very important Return made by the Barbers of London, to the Writ of 12th Rich. II, and is strengthened by reference to the Returns made by the Barbers of Lincoln and of Norwich (both which latter are preserved at the Record Office), and which clearly point to those guilds being of a religious character ; indeed the Barbers of Norwich do not seem to have had a single secular or trade ordinance in their constitution. 1388. In the Return of the Barbers of London to the Writ of Richard II, the Masters recite that they "have found a document "amongst the articles of their records made of the time to which 99 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. " memory runneth not," concerning the points upon which the fraternity was founded ; Primerement al honourance de Dieu et touz ses Seyntes et pur excitacon les coens des gentz a bien faire et perseverance avoir et bien faitz Firstly to the honour of God and all his Saints, and to stir up the commons of the people to do well, and to have perseverance in well doing Regulations were made enjoining charity, attendance at funerals and obits, against the enticing away of the servants of others, providing for the amicable settlement of disputes, and the like. The articles above briefly referred to, contain nothing in particular as to trade regulation or inspection, leaving a pretty certain inference that they were made for the governance of a social and religious guild or fraternity. We shall presently see that in 1308, the Company partook of the nature of a trade guild, and we may therefore reasonably presume that the articles made in the time to which memory in 1388 did not run, were drawn up previous to 1308, and therefore without much hesitation we may assign the origin of the Barbers' Company to at least the xiij th - century. In the early part of the reign of Edward II, and indeed for a long while previously, the Barbers were practitioners in the art of Surgery ; at all events they performed the minor operations of that craft, such as bleeding, tooth-drawing, cauterization, and the like. The Barbers having been accustomed to assist the monks in the surgical operations performed by them in early times, acquired a degree of proficiency which enabled them to practise as Surgeons themselves. Up till about the xij th century the practice of Surgery and Medicine was however almost wholly confined to the Clergy, who seem to have enjoyed the double privilege of curing men's bodies as well as their souls. In 1 1 63 the Council of Tours, under Pope Alexander III, cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2} considering that a practice which involved in its operations the shedding of blood, was incompatible with the holy office of the clergy, forbad them to interfere in any matter of Surgery ; the consequence of this edict was that they gave over the operations of Surgery but continued to practise the healing art of Medicine. As already said, the Clergy very frequently employed the Barbers as their assistants, and committed to them the preparation of the medicated baths and the performance of sundry minor surgical operations. No doubt the Edict of Tours was hailed with joy by the Barbers, who thus found a lucrative practice thrown in their way, and seized the opportunity of practising as Surgeons "on their own account," calling themselves Barber-Surgeons, and practising both Barbery and Surgery. c. 1307. The archives preserved at the Guildhall have many entries concerning the Barbers' Company, and in Letter-Book D. i57 B ' there is an ordinance concerning the Barbers of London, which shows that at this time they were occupied in Surgery, and advertised their profession in an objectionable manner, which was very properly forbidden by the City authorities. De Barbours. Et que nul barbier ne soit se ose ne si hardy qil mette sank en leur fenestres en apiert ou en view des gentz, mais pryvement le facent porter a Thamise sur peine des doux souldz rendre al oeps des Viscountz. Concerning Barbers. And that no barbers shall be so bold or so hardy as to put blood in their windows, openly or in view of folks, but let them have it privily carried unto the Thames, under pain of paying two shillings to the use of the Sheriffs. 1308. The first express entry which we have concerning our Company is the presentation and admission of Richard le Barber, as Supervisor or Master of the Barbers, before the Court of Aldermen in 1308 {Letter-Book C. 96). 24 cA 'minis of the Barber-Surgeons. Ric's le Barbour ex oppoito ecclie omni scoTi parue elect' est et p'sentaf p n Barbitonsores Iondon die Mart p'x p't fin See Lucie virgls Anno R. E. fit R. E. scdo coram dnis Nicho de ffarndon tiic maiore Iondon Johiie de Wenguue cet'isq3 AldermTs ad custodiend officiii Barbitonsoif &c. Et admissus est et jur° q'd quolibet mense faciet scrutiniii p totn officii! suii et si quos inverVit lupanar 9 id alio mo inhonestos et in scandalii officii &c. eos distringat & distriaoem in cam'am apportari faciet &c. Richard le Barbour dwelling opposite to the Church of Allhallows the Less, was chosen and presented by the Barbers of London, on Tuesday next after the feast of Saint Lucy the Virgin (13th December) in the second year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward, before Sir Nicholas de Farndon, then Mayor of London, John de Wengrave and other Aldermen, to have supervision over the trade of the Barbers &c. And he was admitted and made oath that every month he would make scrutiny throughout the whole of his trade, and if he should find any among them keeping brothels, or acting unseemly in any other way, and to the scandal of the trade, he was to distrain upon them, and cause the distress to be taken into the Chamber (of London) &c. The foregoing record does not appear very creditable to the reputation of the Barbers of Edward the Second's time, but it should be remembered that in those days, and for a long period before and afterwards, the Barbers superintended the Baths (Bagnios) and that these places were not infrequently the resort of improper characters ; a few of our predecessors had perhaps, under the circumstances, been somewhat lax in their morality, and let us hope that Richard le Barber administered to those whom he found offending, due correction according to his oath and their deserts. It would not seem from the terms of the admission, that the Master was at that period elected annually, and the Office was probably held by one man for a considerable number of years. There is no entry in the City books (which have been carefully examined for the purpose) of another admission to the Office until the year 1376, when two Masters were appointed, and then for some years subsequently two new Masters were sworn in annually. o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 5 1309. In this year we find the first record of an admission of a Barber to the freedom of the City, and several others occur about this period (see Freemen). 13 10. On Wednesday next after the feast of the Nativity, 4th Edward II, Gerard the Barber was sworn keeper of the Gate of Newgate (Letter-Book D. 1 13), and there are other entries of Barbers being appointed keepers or porters at the City gates ; from one of these, in 1375, it would seem that they were to keep a strict watch that no lepers should enter the city, and it was doubtless on account of their surgical knowledge enabling them to distinguish those afflicted with leprosy, that these offices were conferred upon them. 1 3 10. On Monday before the feast of St. Gregory the will of Richard le Barber, our first Master, was proved in the Court of Husting. To Katherine his wife and Johanna his daughter, he left tenements and rents in Bread Street, Cordwainer Street, Queenhithe, Candlewike Street, and Whitecrouche Street. To Thomas de Mangrave his apprentice, a shop in Bread Street ; to the fabric of London Bridge 20 s -' and the residue to pious uses. 13 1 2. The earliest admission of a Surgeon (not a Barber Surgeon) to the freedom is that of " Magister Johes de Suthwerk cirurgicus," who was sworn on Friday before the feast of St. Barnabas, 5th Edward II, and who paid nothing for his freedom, being admitted at the instance of Hugh de Waltham, Town Clerk. '5 Among the Archives at Guildhall are various entries relating to early Barbers, which, although not touching upon the history of our Company, may properly be preserved in these pages, and I shall therefore give translations of a few of them. E 26 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1315. On Monday next after the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in the 8th Edward II, by common assent of the Mayor and Aldermen in the Hustings of pleas of Land, there was granted and demised to William de Dounesheued, Barber to Sir John de Sandale, Chancellor of our Lord the King, a certain house belonging to the Bridge of London, to have and to hold to the said William for his whole life, he paying yearly on the usual days two and a half marks to the keepers for the time being of the said Bridge, which said house is situate between a house belonging to the said Bridge in which John Mew now dwells towards the West, and a house belonging to Thomas le Maderman towards the East, in the Parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch London. And the said William, the said house and its appurtenances in all needful manner shall sustain, and against wind and rain cause the same to be defended during the whole term of his life. And there was a proviso that if the rent should remain unpaid for a whole year that the Bridge Keepers should re-enter. {Letter- Book E. 2 8 B ) 13 19. On Thursday after the feast of St. Valentine, 13th Edward II, there was enrolled an obligation by which Roger the Barber (servant to John cle Dallinge, Sheriff of London) and Margaret his wife, were bound to pay ^100 to Sir John de Lauge- combe, Rector of the Church of Laumaz Heys {sic) before the feast of Easter. {Letter-Book E. 85.) 1320. On Wednesday next after the feast of Saints Fabian and Sebastian, 13th Edward II, Lawrence the Barber, one of the men sworn to keep the Poultry Market on Cornhill, laid an informa- tion against John Bakon that he the said John was a forestaller of the Market. {Letter-Book E. q6 b ) 1320. In the same year among the names of the Citizens assessed to contribute to a fine of ,£1,000 to the King, occurs that of Thomas the Barber. {Letter-Book E. io6 B ) cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 27 1320. On Monday next before the feast of St. Margaret the Virgin, 14th Edward II, the Wardship of Alice, Joane and Agnes, children of John de Wynton, Barber, deceased, was given to Joane his widow ; several shops and houses in the City belonging to the deceased are scheduled as for the benefit of the Wards, and Robert de Lamyngton, John de Bristolle, Barber, and Roger de Croidon were bound as sureties. [Letter-Book E. 114.) Instances also occur of City Wards (sons of Barbers deceased) being apprenticed by the Chamberlain to various trades. 1340. In 14th Edward III, Hamo the Barber was assessed by the City at £\o as his contribution towards a forced loan of .£5,000 to the King [Letter-Book F. 33) and six years later (1346) Hamo was again assessed at 20s. towards a "present" of 3,000 marks to the King. 1370. On 14th March, 44th Edward III, the wardship of Alice (aged 3 years), daughter of Nicholas the Barber, was given to Gilbert Prince, who was to use her legacy of 40 marks for her benefit. 1374. On the 28th July, 1374, Lawrence de Weston, Barber (Master of the Company in 1376), and Margaret his wife, mother of the said Alice, came before the Mayor, &c, and proved that the said Alice was dead, whereupon Gilbert Prince, the Executor of Nicholas the Barber's will, was discharged, and the money paid to Lawrence and Margaret de Weston. [Letter-Book G. 244 and 3i7 B ) Reverting now from individuals to the Company, we find that the Barbers existed as a Trade Guild, but unincorporated certainly from the year 1308, and that they were at first ruled by e 2 28 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. one Master, and later on (in 1376) by two Masters, appointed annually. This Company of Barbers was composed of two classes of Members — viz., those who practised Barbery proper (perhaps in- cluding phlebotomy and tooth drawing), and those who practised Surgery, and who were, for distinction sake, called Barber-Surgeons (in the City books they are spoken of as " Barbers exercising the faculty of Surgery"). For aught we know to the contrary, a perfect harmony and good understanding existed between these two sections of the Company, and it is probable that the ranks of the latter were continually recruited from the former. 1 38 1. The earliest evidence of the existence of our Hall is to be found in Harl. MS. 541, which contains a list of Companies' Halls in the City, temp. 5 Richard II, by which it appears that the Barbers' Hall was then, as now, in the Parish of Saint Olave, Silver Street, and doubtless on the same site ; the entry is, " Barbar hall y e p'yssh of Seynt Oluf in Sylverstrete." In 1490 the Hall is known to have been on the same site. 1388. In this year Richard II sent his writs all over the Kingdom to enquire into the nature and constitution of the several guilds and fraternities, religions, social or craft, and the returns to these writs, which must have been an immense number, were formerly kept among the Records at the Tower of London. Herbert, in his History of the Livery Companies, refers to his fruitless endeavours to discover these returns, and I have made diligent enquiry at the Record Office for them also, with the undoubted result that all of those which relate to the London Trading Guilds are lost. There are, however, a great number relating to London religious guilds and to trade guilds all over the country. Two of these concerning the Barbers of Norwich and of Lincoln are so highly interesting that I have preserved them in Appendix A. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 29 Among-st our Archives at Barbers' Hall, is a vellum book of Ordinances written out fair in 1658, and therein is to be found a copy of the return made by the Barbers of London to the writ of Richard 1 1, and which the Company caused to be extracted from the Tower Records in 1634. It is certified by William Colet as agreeing with the original, but unfortunately Mr. Colet (although he was Deputy-Keeper of the Records) or his copyist has made one or two mistakes, which necessitate a little hiatus in the translation, and he has put the year as the nth instead of the 12th of Richard II. That the latter year is the correct one is abundantly proved by the dates on the original writs and on the numerous returns still in existence at the Record Office, as also by the names of the Masters certifying, who are recorded at Guildhall as having been admitted 10th September, 12th Richard II. Richard II was more solicitous as to the funds and property of the Guilds, than he was about their observances, and our predecessors seem to have quickly acquainted him with their pecuniary position, " the which Company have neither tenements nor rents to their common use." The Masters recite an old document which they found in their strong box, and which will well repay perusal ; it opens with a devout dedication to the Trinity, the Virgin Mary, and the glorious company of heaven, and the first Ordinance being expressly made in honour of God and all saints, and with the intention of stirring up the people to do well and to persevere therein, we must all approve of it. It provides firstly, that decayed brethren shall have an allowance of loy^d. per week, if their poverty have not come about by their own folly. The second and third Ordinances relate to attendance at funerals and obits of deceased members. Then follow certain rules, that no man shall entice away another's servant ; the Masters to settle disputes, payment of quarterage, refusal of office, absence from Mass and the yearly feast, )o cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. the livery clothing, &c, &c. It is well to observe here the evidence of the antiquity of our livery, of the quarterage, and of the feast, all of which have come down to these days. Some later Ordinances are added, which were apparently made in 1387. This return is probably the only one extant of the whole of those made by the London trade guilds, and is therefore of the highest interest. A copy of the original (which is in Norman French), together with a translation, follows. Copia extracta ex Bundell' Fraternitatum et Gildar' Civitatis London remanen de Recordo prout patet in Rotulis dm Regis infra Turrim London. Anno xj° ' Ricardi Secundi. Johan Hevdon et Hen Cook Mestres* William Chapman et William Gomine Surveyours de la Compaignie appelle ffraternite des Barbers de la Citee de Londres dauncien temps ordeigne certifiant au Counsail fire S r - le Roy en sa Chancellarie la forme manere et condicion de touz articles obseruancez et lour circumstances contenuz en la paper de dite Compaignie en la forme quesuyt la quel compaignie nont nul tent ne rent a lour c6e oeps les queles articles la dite Compaignie nont usez en lour temps forsqz soulement pur auer lour vesture un foitz per an et paier lour quarterage pur sustiner pouerez gentz de mesme la Compaignie et un foitz per aii assembler pur manger et eslire neuells Mestres et Surveiours sanz ascun autre article de sontz escript mettre en use forsqz ceux q° tan soulement sont faitz al honour de dieu mes purtant qils ont trouez un paper one les articles de sontz escriptz fait del temps done memorie ne court ils les ont p'sentez a vre tressages discrecions. Ceste endenture fait en noni de Dieu omnipotent pier et fitz et seynt Esperitz et de nre Dame Seynt Marie et de tout la gloriouse Compaignie de Ciel de la foundacion et de Lordinance de la fraternite des Barbers de la Cite de Londres tesmoigfi coment et sur queux pointz la dite Fraternite est funduz et ordeigne. Primerement al honourance de Dieu et touz ses Seyntes et pur excitacon les coens des gefitz a bien faire et perseuerance auoir en bien faitz est ordeigne q° si ascun 1 A mistake for Anno xij°- Sworn Masters of the Barbers, 10 Sept., 1388. 12th Ric. II. (Letter-Book H. 235 s -) ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 31 frere de eel fraternite qi ad este de cell fraternite per vij anz sil cheit en mischief ou en pouerte \P auenture issint qil neit de quoy il purra viure de son propre et ces ne luy aucigne de sa propre folye qu donqz il auera chescun semaigne de lour coe boyste x d - o!5. pur sa sustenance. Item quant ascun frere du dite fraternite soit mort les freres de la dite fraternite serront la veyle al dirige et le jour al Messe et al dirige et al Messe del Moys obit et q' chescun tiel frere mort eit xxx messes de lour coe Boyste et q° chescun frier q° soit absent sanz reasonable eucheson a ascun des ditz iiij foitz qil mette a lour coe Boyste en noun de ses offrandes et dispences queux il deust auer fait sil eust este en p'sent iij '■ Item quant ascun Meistre de la dite Fraternite eit feme Mort q° les freres de la dite ffraternite soient a La Vigile et a la Messe le jour de sont enterment et a la Moys obit et quel frer q° soit absent a ascun de tres foitz qil paie pur chescun foitz qil soit absent en lieu des costages et autres dispences queux il ferreit sil feusse present a lour cbe boyst iij d - Item q° nul frere de la dite Fraternite abette autri seruant hors des seruice son Meistre priuement ne apertement. Item si ascun debate surdre p° entre ascuns des freres q° dieu defend et ces soit redresse per amour per la consideration des Meistres de la dite Fraternite faire bonement et q nul ne sue vers autre en autre manere autant qil ad assaie sil puisse p° leide des ditz Mestrez estre recorde. Item q n chescun frere de la dite ffraternite veigne chescun quarter del an et paie son quarterage a Collectors decell issint q° les dits Collectors ne. Item accorde est entre toutz les ditz freres q° quel de eux q n refuse son office quant ces vient a luy sil voet estre de ces allegge qil paie a lour coe boyst. Item si ascun frere soit absent a lour Messe et Manger quant il serra un foitz en Ian qil paiera a tant en offrandes et toutz autres choes come un. Item q° nul des ditz freres allowe autre hors de sa Meason. Item si ascun frere per auenture tarie ses paiements entre an et demy qil face gree demz les ij anz sanz rien outre le certain doii. Et sil ad luy soient p'donez issint qil paie ce gest aderer. Et a ceux pointz tenir solonc amendement si mistier soit qils soient amendez ceste Fraternite sont entre jurez et ont chescun de eux pleine sa foy et si fra chescun qi serra de la dite ffraternite. Et accorde est entre eux endenture soient enclos en lour coe boyst et lautre demurge vers les Mestres q° serront pur le temps de la dit fraternite. 32 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Item chescun frere du dit fratemite paie en arres pur son Drap auant la mayn xl d - ameyns. Item cf chescun frere garde la liuere ij anz enterrement deuant qil le donne ou vende ou aliene la liuere en ascun manere sur peyne de paier al compaignie un noble dor sur lour grace. Item est ordeyne le dymenge psch ensuant lassumpcon de nre Dame Ian le Roy Richard sede xj°- qe les Surveiours du dit Mistier soient esluy per lassent de tout la fTraternite et nemy per les Mestres. Item q° nul du dit Fraternite paie plus pur son mangre q 1 xiiij d - en apres. Item ordeyne est q° chescun Meistre q° eslisera ascun autre home pur estre en son lieu cesta sauoir pur estre Meistre celuy q° eslisera tiel home pur estre Meistre apres Ian serra obligee per mesme luy a la Compaignie pur la monoy en un obligacon. Convenit cum Recordo Willus Colet. A Copy taken from a Bundle " of the Fraternities and Guilds of the City of London" which remains of record, as the same is seen in the Rolls of the Lord the King, at the Tower of London. Anno 12. Richard II. John Heydon and Henry Cook, Masters, William Chapman and William Gomine, Surveyors of the Company called the Fraternity of Barbers of the City of London of ancient time established, certifying to the Council of Our Lord the King, in his Chancery, the form manner and condition of all the articles, customs and their circumstances contained in the Records of the same Company in the form following : — The which Company have neither tenements nor rents to their common use, And these articles the said Company have not used in their time excepting only for to have their Livery once a year, and to pay their quarterage to maintain the poor folk of the same Company, and once a year to assemble to feast, and to elect new Masters and Surveyors without any other article of their writing to put forward except those which only are made to the honour of God ; but, however, as they have found a document amongst the articles of the Records, made of the time to which memory runneth not, they have presented it to your most wise discretions. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 33 This Indenture made in the name of the Omnipotent God, the Father and Son and the Holy Ghost, and of our Lady Saint Mary and of all the glorious Company of Heaven, concerning the foundation of the Government of the Fraternity of Barbers of the City of London Witnesseth how and upon what points the said Fraternity is founded and ordained. Firstly to the honour of God and all his Saints, and to stir up the Commons of the people to do well, and to have perseverance in well doing, it is ordained that if any brother of this Fraternity who has been of this Fraternity for seven years by chance fall into trouble or into poverty, and if he have nothing of his own by which he may be able to live, and it be not through his own folly, that then he shall have each week from their common box tenpence half penny for his sustenance. Item. That when any brother of the said Fraternity dies the brethren of the said Fraternity shall go on the Vigil to the dirge, and on the day 1 to the Mass, and to the dirge and to the mass of the month's obit, and that each such brother dead have thirty masses from their common box, 2 and that each brother who is absent without reasonable excuse at any of the said four times, shall put into their common box in place of his offerings and expenses, as he ought to have done if he had been present, three pence. Item. When any Master of the said Fraternity has a wife dead, the brethren of the said Fraternity shall be at the Vigil and at the Mass on the day of her burial and at the month's obit, and that brother who is absent at any of the three times shall pay for each time that he be absent, in place of the costs and other expenses which he would have borne if he had been present, three pence to their common box. Item. That no brother of the said Fraternity entice any servant from the service of his master, privily or openly. Item. If any dispute arise between any of the brethren, which God forbid, it is to be amicably settled by the decision of the Masters of the said Fraternity [and they are] to deal plainly, 3 and that no one sue another in other manner than at the assize (?) [and then only] if he be empowered by leave of the said Masters to be recorded. Item. That each brother of the said Fraternity shall come each quarter of the year and pay his quarterage to the collectors* Item. It is agreed between all the said brethren that whoever of them refuses his office when it comes to him, if he wishes to be relieved of it, that he pay to their common box. 1 The day of the funeral. ! Thirty masses sung at the expense of the common box. 3 i.e., honestly. ' I am unable to complete this sentence. K 34 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Item. If any brother be absent from their Mass and Feast when it shall be once a year, he shall pay so much in offerings and all other things as one present. Item. That none of the said brethren put [?] another out of his house. Item. If any brother by chance delay his payments beyond a year-and-a-half, that he make acquittance within two years without any \penalty\ beyond the ordinary fine. And if he be thus forgiven that he settle the matter at once. And to hold these points pursuant to amendment alone if the Mystery will that they be amended, this Fraternity are sworn among themselves and have each of them pledged his troth, and so from each who shall \_hereafter\ be of the said Fraternity. And it is agreed amongst them that this Indenture be enclosed in their common box, and the counterpart be held by the Masters for the time being of the said Fraternity. The document which the Masters found amongst their records made in "the time to which memory runneth not" probably ends here, and the following Items (see the third one) were doubtless additional Ordinances made circa 1387. Item. That each brother of the said Fraternity pay in pledge for his livery, when he has the same, forty pence at the least. Item. That each brother keep the livery two whole years before he may give, or sell, or alienate it in any manner, under pain of paying to the Company for their pardon, a noble of gold. Item. It is ordained that on the Sunday following the Assumption of our Lady in the nth year of King Richard the Second,' that the Surveyors of the said Mystery be elected by the assent of all the Fraternity, and no longer by the Masters. Item. That none of the said Fraternity hereafter pay more than fourteen pence for his feast. Item. It is ordained that each Master who shall choose any other man to be in his place, that is to say for to be Master ; he who shall choose such man to be Master for the year shall be bound by himself for him, in an obligation to the Company for the money.' It agrees with the Record, William Colet. 1 18th Aug., 1387. i.e., a guarantee for his honesty. z/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 35 Coeval with our Company of Barbers there existed in the City of London, another Fraternity or Guild, that of the Surgeons, in no way connected with the Barbers, but, like them, existing by prescription only and unincorporated. It is not to be expected that these two Companies would, in the days of so much trade protection and jealousy, exhibit an over-friendly feeling towards one another, and the records of the period, though meagre, show that this was the case. The Surgeons' Guild at no time appear to have been a numerous body, indeed there is reason to believe that frequently their numbers were less than a dozen, and they possibly never exceeded twenty. In the researches undertaken for the purpose of this work, various references to the Surgeons' Guild have turned up, and although at this early period there was much in common between the two Fraternities, I have considered it quite apart from the subject in hand to go into any detail concerning that Guild, more especially as it has recently been so ably and fully dealt with by Mr. D'Arcy Power in his " Memorials of the Craft of Surgery." 1376. In the 50th Edward III, the Barbers made a com- plaint to the Mayor and Aldermen against unskilled practitioners in Surgery, and prayed that two Masters should be yearly appointed to inspect and rule the craft, and that none should be admitted to the freedom of the City, but upon due examination of their skill ; and this was granted by the Court, entered of record and Lawrence de Weston and John de Grantone were chosen Masters. The following is a translation of the original record concerning this matter. 1 To the honourable Lords, and wise, the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, shew the good folks, the Barbers of the same city, that whereas from one day to 1 In this and some other cases I have adopted the able translations made by Mr. Riley in his " Memorials of London and London Life." F 2 36 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. another there resort men, who are barbers, from uppelande' unto the said city, who are not instructed in their craft, and do take houses and intermeddle with barbery, surgery, and the cure of other maladies, while they know not how to do such things, nor ever were instructed in such craft ; to the great damage, and in deceit, of the people, and to the great scandal of all the good barbers of the said city : — therefore the said good folks do pray that it may please your honourable Lordships, for the love of God, and as a work of charity, to ordain and establish that from henceforth no such stranger, coming to the said City from uppelande, or from any other place, of whatsoever condition he be, shall keep house or shop for barbery within the same city, before that he shall be found able and skilled in the said art and office of barbery, and that, by assay and examination of the good folks, barbers of the same city, whom out of the said craft it may please you to ordain thereunto. And that it may please you to ordain and establish, that from henceforth there shall always be two good men of their said craft chosen by their common assent to be Wardens of the craft ; and that such two persons shall be presented unto the Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, of the said city, and sworn before them well and lawfully, to the best of their power and knowledge, to rule their said craft; and that the said Masters may inspect the instruments of the said art, to see that they are good and proper for the service of the people, by reason of the great peril that might ensue thereupon ; and that on the complaint of such two Masters, all rebellious persons in the said craft, shall be made to come before you, and whosoever shall be found in default against this Ordinance shall pay to the Chamber 40 pence. And that from henceforth no man of their craft shall be admitted to the franchise of the said city, if he be not attested as being good and able, upon good examination before you made. And that no foreigner shall keep house or shop in their craft within the said city, or the suburbs thereof. And that this Ordinance shall be enrolled in the Chamber of the Guildhall of London, for all time to last. And the same was granted unto them. Whereupon, Laurence de Westone and John de Grantone were chosen Masters of the Barbers [Letter-Book H. 28. ,] The foregoing ordinance must surely have given umbrage to the Surgeons' Guild as it placed the Barbers upon an equal footing with them in the examination of Surgeons, the inspection of their instruments, etc. ; and this more especially as seven years previously (in 1369) the Surgeons had obtained from the same Court an Ordinance investing them with the power of presenting the defaults of all unskilful Surgeons. 1 The general name for country places in those days. o/liiiials of the Barber-Surgeons. jj 1382. As an example of a quack Surgeon's method of practice, and of his rogueries and punishment, the following case of Roger Clerk will be found interesting: — Roger Clerk, of Wandelesworth,' on the 13th day of May in the 5th year (Richard II), was attached in the Chamber of the Guildhall of London, before the Mayor and Aldermen, to make answer, as well to the Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London, as to Roger atte Hacche, in a plea of deceit and falsehood : as to which, the same Roger said, that whereas no physician or surgeon should intermeddle with any medicines or cures within the liberty of the city aforesaid, but those who are experienced in the said arts, and approved therein, the said Roger Clerk, who knew nothing of either of the arts aforesaid, being neither experienced nor approved therein, nor understood anything of letters, came to the house of him, Roger atte Hacche, in the parish of St. Martin, in Ismongereslane, in London, on Thursday, the morrow of Ash Wednesday, in the 5th year, etc. ; and there saw one Johanna, the wife of the aforesaid Roger atte Hacche, who was then lying ill with certain bodily infirmities, and gave the said Roger, her husband, to understand, that he was experienced and skilled in the art of medicine, and could cure the same Johanna of her maladies, if her husband desired it. Whereupon, the said Roger atte Hacche, trusting in his words, gave him 12 pence, in part payment of a larger sum which he was to pay him, in case the said Johanna should be healed. And upon this, the same Roger Clerk then and there gave to the said Roger atte Hacche an old parchment, cut or scratched across, being the leaf of a certain book, and rolled it up in a piece of cloth of gold, asserting that it would be very good for the fever and ailments of the said Johanna ; and this parchment, so rolled up, he put about her neck, but in no way did it profit her ; and so, falsely and maliciously, he deceived the same Roger atte Hacche. And he produced the said parchment here in Court, wrapped up in the same cloth, in proof of the matters aforesaid. And the said Roger Clerk personally appeared, and the said parchment was shown to him by the Court, and he was asked what the virtue of such piece of parchment was ; whereupon, he said that upon it was written a good charm for fevers. Upon being further asked by the Court what were the words of this charm of his, he said ; — " Anima Christi, sanctifica me; Corpus Christi, salva me; in isanguis Christi, nebria me; cum bonus Christus tu, lava me." 5 And the parchment being then examined, not one of 1 Wandsworth. • " Soul of Christ, sanctify me ; body of Christ, save me ; blood of Christ, saturate me ; as Thou art good, Christ, wash me." j8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. those words was found written thereon. And he was then further told by the Court, that a straw 1 beneath his foot would be of just as much avail for fevers, as this said charm of his was ; whereupon, he fully granted that it would be so. And because that the same Roger Clerk was in no way a literate man, and seeing that on the examination aforesaid, (as well as on others afterwards made,) he was found to be an infidel, and altogether ignorant of the art of physic or of surgery ; and to the end that the people might not be deceived and aggrieved by such ignorant persons, etc. ; it was adjudged that the same Roger Clerk should be led through the middle of the City, with trumpets and pipes, he riding on a horse without a saddle, the said parchment and a whetstone, for his lies, being hung about his neck, an urinal also being hung before him, and another urinal on his back. [Letter-Book H. 145.] 1390. In connection with the Surgeons' Guild, four Master Surgeons of the City were sworn before the Mayor, etc., in this year, and they were to make scrutiny amongst persons practising the art of Surgery, and to present defaults. [Letter-Book H. 248.] It will be remembered that in 1369 a somewhat similar Ordinance was made for the Surgeons' Guild, and this one in 1390 was probably obtained as a set off to the powers vested in the Barbers by their Ordinance of 1376, and by way of assertion of equal rights with them in matters surgical. Anyhow it is very clear that there were two distinct bodies within the City ruling the craft of Surgery at this period, each, no doubt, claiming jurisdiction over its own members, and both anxious and ready to interfere with outsiders, and probably with each other. It is curious to note that in the Ordinance of 1390, above referred to, the Masters inspecting are authorised to make scrutiny not only of men, but of " women undertaking cures, or practising the art of Surgery"; and here, in the 19th century, we find history repeating itself, and women again " intermeddling in matters surgical." As might be expected the dual scrutiny exercised over per- sons practising surgery, by two distinct and antagonistic Companies, 1 In allusion, perhaps, to the custom of men who were ready to perjure themselves, as false witnesses, to go about with a straw sticking out from between the foot and the shoe — " men of straw." [Riley.] zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 39 produced considerable jealousy and unpleasantness, and there are various records extant indicative of cases of attempted interference with the Barbers' privileges, one of which is distinctly stated to have been the work of the Surgeons and Physicians, as doubtless also were the others. 1 410. By Letter-Book I. 94, it appears that the Ordinances for the Barbers made in 1376 were confirmed to them with the significant addition that they should enjoy the same, " without the scrutiny of any " person or persons of any other craft or trade, under any name what- " soever other than the craft or trade of the said Barbers, either as to " shaving, making incision, blood letting or any other matters pertaining " to the art of Barbery or of Surgery, in the craft of the said Barbers now " practised, or to be practised hereafter." This Ordinance is, I think, clearly directed against the Masters of the Surgeons' Guild, who had sought to exercise their authority over the Barbers using the faculty of Surgery. 1415. Complaint having been made to the Mayor and Aldermen, concerning the unskilful and fraudulent practice of certain Barbers in matters of Surgery, the privileges of the Barbers were again recorded, though the Company who had hitherto nominated their own Masters, were somewhat shorn of that privilege, as the Mayor, etc., directed the names of all the Barber (Surgeons) to be brought before them, and after due enquiry, they selected two of them for Masters, and gave them their charge and oath. 1416. "Certain trustworthy and discreet" Barber (Surgeons) complained to the Mayor, etc., that notwithstanding the last order, there were still unruly members in the craft, and a fresh Ordinance was enacted which imposed a penalty on offenders. 40 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The Ordinances above referred to are to be found in Letter- Book I. 149, and are as follows : Be it remembered, that on the 10th day of April, in the 3rd year, etc. (141s) it was intimated in a relation, and not without alarm, unto Thomas Fauconer, Mayor, and the Aldermen, how that some barbers of the said city, who are inexperienced in the art of surgery, do oftentimes take under their care many sick and maimed persons, fraudulently obtaining possession of very many of their goods thereby ; by reason whereof, they are oftentimes made to be worse off at their departure than they were at their coming : and that, by reason of the inexperience of the same barbers, such persons are oftentimes maimed ; to the scandal of such skilful and discreet men as practise the art of surgery, and the manifest destruction of the people of Our Lord the King. And the said Mayor and Aldermen, wishing to obviate an evil and a scandal such as this, as also, to provide a fitting remedy for the same, and considering first, how that the said barbers by themselves, without the scrutiny of any other persons of any other trade or craft, 1 or under any name whatsoever, have supervision and scrutiny over all men following the craft of barbery, and within the liberty of the said city dwelling, as to all manner of cases touching the art of barbery or the practice of surgery, within the cognizance, or to come within the cognizance, of the craft of the said barbers ; — as by a certain Ordinance, made and ordained in the time of Richard Merlawe, 3 late Mayor, and the then Aldermen, and in the Chamber of the said City of London enrolled, of record fully appears ; — did determine and ordain that in future, by the more substantial part of all the barbers following the practice of surgery, and dwelling within the liberty of the said city, there should be chosen two of the most skilful, most wise, and most discreet men, of all the barbers following such practice of surgery, and dwelling within the liberty of the said city ; seeing that oftentimes under their scrutiny and correction there would be found cases of possible death and maiming, where, if ignorant and indiscreet men should undertake the management thereof— the which might God forbid — in their judgment grievous errors might unexpectedly ensue, by reason of such unskilfulness. And that the same Masters, so often as they should be thus chosen, on election should be presented to the Mayor and Aldermen, for the time being, there by the said Mayor and Aldermen to be accepted and sworn etc. And lest perchance a difference of opinion might in future as to such election arise, therefore, the said Mayor and Aldermen, after taking counsel on the matter afore- said, on Friday, the 3rd day of May, in the same year (741J), caused to be brought ' See the Ordinance of 1410. - Mayor 1409-10. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 41 before them the name of every barber who followed the practice of surgery and dwelt within the liberty of the said city, in order that, after enquiring into the duties and experiences of their practice and skill, in manner theretofore approved and customary, they might be the better able to accept such Masters. And hereupon, because that, among other names, Simon Rolf and Richard Wellys, citizens and barbers of the said city practising the art of surgery, as well for their knowledge and probity, as for the different kinds of difficult cures that had been sagaciously performed and effected by them, were by trustworthy testimony, upon sound and umblemished information, commended before any others, precept was given by the said Mayor and Aldermen to Baldwin Tettisbury, one of the Serjeants of the said Mayor, to summon the said Simon and Richard for Monday the 6th day of May then next ensuing, to appear before the said Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of the Guildhall aforesaid, there to make the oath to them by the said Mayor and Aldermen to be administered. Upon which Monday the said Simon and Richard, by virtue of such summons, appeared before the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber aforesaid. And hereupon the said Simon and Richard were then accepted by the said Mayor and Aldermen, and sworn upon the Holy Evangelists of God, well and faithfully to watch over and oversee all manner of barbers practising the art of surgery, and within the liberty of the said city dwelling ; to maintain and observe the rules and ordinances of the craft or practice aforesaid ; no one to spare, for love, favour, gain, or hate ; diligently without concealment to present unto the Chamberlain of the said City, for the time being, such defaults as they may find ; at all times, when duly required thereto, well and faithfully to examine wounds, bruises, hurts, and other infirmities, without asking anything for their trouble ; and what they should find, at their discretion, when duly required thereto, distinctly to certify unto the Mayor and Aldermen of the said City, for the time being ; as also, well and faithfully to conduct themselves from thenceforth in future ; and all other things to do and perform, which of right are befitting or requisite for the masters or overseers of such practice to do. Afterwards, on the fourth day of July, in the 4th year, etc. (1416) before Nicholas Wottone, Mayor, the Recorder, and the Aldermen, in full Court, upon truthful information of certain trustworthy and discreet men of the craft of Barbers, practising the art of surgery aforesaid, as of other able and substantial men of the said city, it was stated how that, notwithstanding the Ordinance aforesaid, very many inexperienced men of the said craft of Barbers, indiscreetly practising the art of surgery*, did presume, and in their presumption pretend, that they were wiser than the Masters inspecting, and, as to certain infirmities — indiscreetly excusing themselves therein, on the insufficient grounds that they G 42 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. are not liable to the peril of maiming or of death — did altogether disdain to give notice of the same to the said Masters inspecting, according to the Ordinance aforesaid, or to be discreetly examined by them as to the same, or diligently to be questioned thereon. Upon which pretence, they did not hesitate daily to take sick persons, in peril of death and of maiming, under their care, without shewing such sick persons, or such infirmities and perils, unto the same Masters inspecting ; by reason of which presumption or unskilfulness, such sick persons were exposed to the greatest peril, either of maiming or of death. Wherefore, the said Mayor and Aldermen were prayed that, for the common advantage of the whole realm, and the especial honour of the said city, they would deign to provide some sure remedy for the same. And accordingly, the Mayor and Aldermen, assenting to the said petition, as being just and consistent with reason, having taken diligent counsel as to the matters aforesaid, and considering that very many of such persons in these times are more in dread of loss or payment of money than amenable to the dictates of honesty or a safe conscience, did ordain and enact, that no barber, practising the art of surgery within the liberty of the said City, should presume in future to take under his care any sick person who is in peril of death or of maiming, unless he should show the same person, within three days after so taking him under his care, to the Masters inspecting, for the time being, by the barbers practising the art of surgery within the liberty of the said City to be elected, and to the Mayor and Aldermen presented, and by them specially to be admitted ; under a penalty of 6s. 8d. to the Chamber of London in form underwritten to be paid, so often as, and when, against this Ordinance they should be found to act ; namely, 5 shillings to the use of the Chamber of the Guildhall, and 20 pence to the use of the craft of the Barbers. 1423. In this year certain Ordinances were made by the Mayor (Sir William Walderne) and Court of Aldermen which are entered in Letter-Book K. 6" This record relates to what Mr. D'Arcy Power, in his " Memorials of the Craft of Surgery," has termed a "Conjoint College" of the Physicians and Surgeons, and has little to do with our Company, beyond the fact that the scrutiny and oversight of persons practising Surgery is given to the Masters of the Surgeons' Guild. The subject of these Ordinances and many very interesting remarks thereon and on the Conjoint College may be seen at p. 52, &c, of Mr. D'Arcy Power's work; cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 43 and the record itself is set forth in full at p. 299 ; furthermore, extracts from it, so far as the same relate to the privileges and practice of the Surgeons, are to be found in the beautiful old vellum MS. formerly belonging to that Guild, and now in the possession of the Barbers' Company. Armed with this additional authority, the Surgeons' Guild again sought to interfere with and scrutinize the Barber-Surgeons of the Barbers' Company. These latter, however, must have had good friends at Court, and were not slow in asserting and obtaining confirmation of their rights and privileges, as will be seen by reference to the following record in Letter-Book K. 27"-: — - 1424. Memorandum. That on Friday the 10th day of November in the third year of the reign of Henry the Sixth from the Conquest before John Michell, Mayor, Thomas Knolles and other Aldermen, and Simon Seman and John Bithewater, Sheriffs of the City of London, It was granted and ordained that the Masters of the faculty of Surgery within the craft of Barbers of the same city, do exercise the same faculty even as fully and entirely as in the times of Thomas Fauconer late Mayor, and other Mayors, it was granted unto them, notwithstanding the false accusation [calumpnia) which the Rector and Supervisors of Physic and the Masters of Surgery pretend concerning a certain ordinance made in the time of William Walderne late Mayor {1423) and entered in the letter book K, folio 6, the which, they now endeavour to enjoin upon the said Barbers. 145 1. With the exception of a few references (which are noticed elsewhere) the City records are silent concerning the Barbers' Company until this year, when the Master and Wardens, styled here " Gardiani," with certain honest men of the Mystery of Barbers, brought a Bill before the Mayor and Aldermen, praying them to establish certain Ordinances, and to enter them of record, which was granted and done. These Ordinances provided for the enforcement of stated penalties in cases of disobedience and related to attendance upon G 2 44 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. summons, settlements of disputes, refusal of office, admission of members, evil speaking, assemblies and payments, instruction of "foreyns," employment of aliens. They are to be found in Letter-Book K. 250, and are the first written in English, all previous ones being either in Latin or Norman French in the originals. Memorandum q H - xxv'°- die ffebruarii Anno regni Regis Henrici Sexti post conquest 1 vicesimo nono veniunt hie in Cur' Dili Regis in Caifta Guyhald Civitatis london coram Nictio Wyfold Maiore & Aldermannis ejusdem Civitatf magis't & Gardian necnon ceti probi homines mister barbitonsol£ Civitatf p'dce & porrexerunt doi Maiore & Aldermannis quandam billam sive supplicacione vboJL sequent? seviem continentem Unto the ryght Worshipfull and Worshipfull lord and souv'aignes Mair and Aldremen of the Citce of London, Besechen most mekely all p^sones enfunchised in the craft and mistier of Barbours wythin the said Citee That it please unto your lordshipf? and Right wise discrecions for to consider howe that for as moche as certein ordinnces been establisshed made and entred of Record in the chumber of the yeldhall of the said Citee all p^sonnes of the said Craft have fully in opinion for to obeye observe and kepe theim and noon other in eny Wise, So been y r - many and div°se defaultes often tymes amonges your said besechers not duely corrected for default of such other ordinnces to be made and auctorised sufficiently of record in the said chumber, like it therefore unto your said lordshippe and grete Wisdoms of your blessed disposicons for the p°petuell Wele and good Rule of the said Craft for to establissh and make these ordinaunces here folowyng p^petuelly to endure and for to be observed and putte in due execucion in the same craft And to be auctorised of record in the said chumber for ev° And your said besechers shall pray god for you. FFirst that ev'y barbour enf°Lincheised householder and other occupier of the same craft holdyng eny shopp of barberye wythin the Citee of london shall be redy att all man! soifions of the Maisters and Wardeins of the same craft for the tyme being that is to sey for the Kyng the Mair or for eny Worshipp of the said Citee And yef eny man occupying the said craft in marie and fourme aforesaid absent him from eny such soiiions wythoute cause reasonable and thereof duely convict than he to pay at the chumber of the yeldhall xiij s - iiij d - that is to say vj s - viij d - to the same chumber and other vj s viij d - to the almes of the said craft. Also that evy man enf°uncheised under the fourme abovesaid oAnihils of the Barber-Surgeons. 4^ that disobeyeth and kepeth not his houre of his somons at eny tyme w'oute cause reasonable and y\>f " duely convict shall paye to the almesse of the said craft at ev'y tyme y 1, he maketh such defaute ij dl And yef eny of theim what so ev° he be of the same craft that disobeye this ordinnce he shall paye to the chumber of the yeldhall iij s - iiij d - at ev'y tyme that he maketh such default. Also that yef eny mat°e of debate or difference be betwene eny p°soones of the said craft Which god defend, that none of theim shall make eny pursuyt at the coifion lawe unto the tyme y'- he that findeth him aggreved in that p n tie hath made his compleint unto the maister and Wardeins of the same craft for the tyme being and they to ffynyssh the mate and the cause of the said compleint Wythin vj dayes after such compleint made and yef they conclude not and ffynyssh the same mafe Wythin the said vj dayes that yanne it be lefull to either p^tie to take the benefice of the coifion lawe Wythin this Citee So alwayes that the p''tye ageinst whom the compleint is made be not fugityf And what p^sone of the said craft that doth contrarie this ordinnce shall paye at ev 9 y tyme at the chaumber of the yeldhall xiij s iiij' 1 that is to sey yj s viij d ' to y e said chumber and oy r ' yj s - viij d - to y e almesse of y e said craft. Also that noon able p n sone of the said craft enAuicheised shall refuse eny man 9 office or clothing p^tinent to the said craft Whan and What tyme that he be by his bretheren be abled and elect y r to upon pein to paye at the chumber of the yeldhall xl s - that is to wete xx s to the same chumber and other xx 5 - to the said almesse Also what man of the said craft that absenteth him fro the said eleccion Wythoute cause reasonable or absent him fro the dyner to be made the same day and will not paye therto his p n t thanne he shall paye at the said chumber iij s - iiij d - that is to sey xx d - to the same chumber and other xx 1 '- to the almes of the said craft. Also that the maisters and Wardeins of the same craft that nowe be or in tyme to come shall be, shall not take admitte or resceive eny p°sone in to the bretherhede or clothing of the same craft Wythoute the coifion assent of the bretheren of the said craft or the more p n t of theim upon pein of evfch such maister or Wardein that doth contrie this ordinnce xx s - that is to say x s to the chumber and x s to the almesse of the said craft. FFurthermore it is ordeigned that from hens forward yef eny man occupying the said craft be imfouled and of evell Will and malice so be unavised to revile or reprof eny man of the same craft that is to seye for to lye him or wyth other dishonest Wordes misgov'ne him in presence of the said maisters and Wardeins or in eny oy r - places and p^of 2 by the report of the said maisters and Wardeins be duely convict what so ev° he be 1 thereof. - Query " y of " = thereof. 46 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of the same craft that is so misgovfted at eny tyme shall paye at the said chumber for ev°y such default vj s - viij '■ that is to say to the same chumber iij s - iiij* and to the Almes of the said craft iij s - iiij' 1 - Also it is ordeigned that ev'y man enfuncheised of the said craft under fourme aforesaid shall assemble with his ffelaship of the same craft by thassignement of the said maisters and Wardeins being for the yeer in a certein place limited by theim at iiij tymes of the yeer And at ev'y such quarter day in the yeer ev'y brother enf°uncheised and being of the clothing therof shall paye to the almes abovesaid iij d - And ev'y man that is so enf'uncheised of the same craft and is not of the clothing of the same shall paye to the same almes j d - Which iiij dayes be these that is to saye the tewesday next after all hallown day the tewesday next after candelmasday the tewesday next after Trinite sonday and the tewesday next after lammas day to thentent that the said maisters and Wardeins shall enquere amongf the said compaignye so assembled that yef eny default ranker or discord be hadd or moved amongf theim that thanne the said maisters and Wardeins shall sett theim at rest accord and in unite to that they canne or may, after the fourme and custume as have been before used And what parsonne of the said craft be absent eny of the said dayes wythoute cause reasonable he shall paye for ev'y such day iiij' 1 to the expenses of the said maisters. Also it is ordeigned and establisshed that no barbour nor other able p°sonne using barbourye shall enfourme eny foreyn nor him teche in no wise in eny man point that belongeth to the craft of barbourye or surg°ye wherby the same foreyn shall p n ceyve and take by his own capacite and ex n cise unto the tyme that the same foreyn be bounden app°ntice to a p°sone barbour or other p sonne able enfuncheised using the same craft Wythin the Citee of london upon peyne to paye at the chumber of the yeldhall for ev'y such defaute iiij marc, that is to say to the same chumber xxvj s viij d and to the Almes of the said craft other xxvj s - viij 4 And also that no barbour nor other able p°soone occupying the same craft shall take eny Alien nor stunger in to his sVice unto the tyme that the same alien or stunger be examined by the maist? and Wardeins of the same craft of his abilite and Connyng And thereupon the maist and Wardeins With other vj or viij of the moost able and Kunnyng p°sonnes of the craft shuld taxe him after his abilite after that hem semeth that he be worthy to take yeerly for his salarie And also that no Barbour shall take eny alien or sfunger that hath been or w'in s°vice wyth an other barbour enfuncheised before that he knowe well that the same s°vnt hath complete his covenntes wyth his former maister upon pein to paye for ev'y such defaute at ev°y tyme that he be founde defectif ayenst eny of these ordinances at the said chumber xiij s - iiij' 1 - that is to wete to the same chumber vj s viij 4 o/lnnate of the Barber-Surgeons. 47 and to the said almesse vj s viij 1 *- and also make restitucion of the damage unto the p°tie that findeth him greved. And also that no man occupying the said craft shall p°cure eny other mannes s'Vnt oute of s n vise upon the peyn aforesaid and damage unto the p^tie pleintif And also it is ordeigned that from hensforward that no harbour enfuncheised nor eny other able p°soons occupying the said craft shall not take into his s°vice eny sffinger or forein for lasse time thanne a yeer And what p^sone enfuncheised or occupying the said craft disobeys this ordinnce shall renne in the pein of xiij s iiij' 1 that to be devided in man and fourme above said. And also that no p°sons of the said craft of harbours nor other able p°sone occupying the same craft huyre no ff °unchised man of the same craft oute of his shopp ne dwellyng place upon pein of xl s - that is to wete to the said chumber xx s - And to the Almesse of the said Craft other xx s - Qua quidem billa coram cfcis maiore & Aldermannis lee? & per eosdem plenius intellect^ Qua videtur eisdem q°d omnes articuli in d°ca billa contentf sunt boni & honesti ac racioni consorft, &c, &c. (The articles were ratified confirmed and ordered to be entered of Record in the books of the Chamber of London.) Nothing is now heard of the Surgeons' Guild for some years, although they were still in existence. It is quite probable, that finding the Barbers had invariably obtained the protection and countenance of the City authorities, whenever their privileges had been assailed or called in question, they had given over their attempts at interference with them as hopeless, and allowed our worthy predecessors to continue to "exercise the faculty of surgery," in peace; and being unmolested they doubtless grew in numbers, in importance, and in the knowledge of their art, until it was admitted that their position as one of the Guilds, warranted them in applying for a Charter of Incorporation, which was granted to them by Edward IV in 1462. 141 3. Before proceeding to refer to this important epoch in the history of our Company, it will be well to introduce a very 48 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. remarkable letter, which was written by Thomas Arundell, Arch- bishop of Canterbury (formerly of York), to the Mayor, etc., of London, in which he complained that the Barbers, being, alas ! "without zeal for the law of God," kept their shops open on the Sabbath days, and he besought the Mayor and Aldermen (his "sons in Christ, and dearest friends ") to put a stop to this practice. No trade, perhaps, has from the earliest days, down to our own times, owned such persistent breakers of the Fourth Commandment as have the Barbers. Our records abound with by-laws, enacted and renewed over and over again on this subject, and details of the delinquencies of numerous Barbers in this respect, and of their punishments by fine and imprisonment crop up everywhere. The Archbishop's letter reveals to us the fact, that nearly 500 years ago, men were constituted much as they are now ; in that "that which touches the body or the purse, is held more in dread than that which kills the soul," and he shrewdly suggests that the clerical punishment of "the greater excommunication," should be augmented by a fine to be levied by the Civil authority. This letter is so deeply interesting that no apology is needed for reproducing it here. The original is to be found in Letter-Book I. 125. 1413. On the 24th day of July, in the first year, etc. (Henry V) the Reverend Father in Christ, and Lord, Thomas, by Divine permission, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, and Legate of the Apostolic See, sent here, to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, certain Letters Close of his, containing words as follow : — ■ " Sons in Christ and dearest friends. — We know that you do seek for the things " which are of above, and that you will the more readily incline to our desires, the more " surely that the things as to which we write are known to tend to the observance of the " Divine law, the maintenance of public propriety, and the rule of the Christian profession. " We do therefore write unto you on this occasion, to intimate that when we were " presiding of late in our Provincial Council, holden at London, with our venerable c/Jnnais of the Barber-Surgeons. 49 " brethren, the Suffragan Bishops, and our clergy of the Province of Canterbury, it was " publicly made known unto us with universal reprobation, that the Barbers of the City " of London, over the governance of which city you preside, being without zeal for the " law of God, and not perceiving how that the Lord hath blessed the seventh day and " made it holy, and hath commanded that it shall be observed by no abusive pursuit of " any servile occupations, but rather by a disuse thereof, in their blindness do keep their " houses and shops patent and open on the seventh day, the Lord's Day, namely, and do " follow their craft on the same, just as busily, and just in the same way, as on any day in " the week, customary for such work. Wherefore we, with the consent and assent of our " said Suffragans and clergy, in restraint of such temerity as this, have determined that " there must be made solemn prohibition thereof in the City aforesaid, and that, of our " own authority, and that of our said Provincial Council ; and not there only, but also " throughout the Diocese of London, and each of the cities both of our own Diocese and " of our Province of Canterbury ; to the effect, that such barbers must not keep their " houses and shops patent or open, or follow their craft, on such Lord's Days for the " future, on pain of the greater excommunication ; in the same manner as it has been " enacted and observed of late in our time, as to the City and Diocese of York, as we do " well recollect. But, dearest children, seeing that so greatly has the malice of men " increased in these days, a thing to be deplored — that temporal punishment is held more " in dread than clerical, and that which touches the body or the purse more than that " which kills the soul, we do heartily intreat you, and, for the love of God and of His law, " do require and exhort you, that, taking counsel thereon, you will enact and ordain a " competent penalty in money, to be levied for the Chamber of your City, or such other " purpose as you shall think best, upon the Barbers within the liberty of your City " aforesaid, who shall be transgressors in this respect ; that so at least, those whom fear of " the anger of God does not avail to withold from breach of His law, may be restrained " by a scourge inflicted upon their purse, in the way of pecuniary loss ; knowing that we " in the meantime, after taking counsel hereon, will devise measures for the prevention of " this, and for the due publication of our Provincial enactment aforesaid. Fare you well " always in Christ. " Written at Ikham' on the 13th day of the month of July. " Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury." An Ordinance was forthwith made thereupon, to the effect, that no barber, his wife, son, daughter, apprentice, or servant, should work ' Near Wingham, Kent. II w oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. at such craft on Sundays within the liberty of the city, either in hair cutting or shaving, on pain of paying 6-s\ 2>d. for each offence ; $s. thereof to go to the new work at the Guildhall, and the remainder to the Wardens or Masters of the Barbers within the city. 1 1422. In August of this year Henry V died, and thirty-two of the City Companies assisted at his obsequies, going in procession and carrying torches. From an entry in Letter-Book K. i B -, it appears that the Barbers bore four torches on this occasion. 1447. This year the Company seem to have contributed 40s. towards the cost of the Roof of the Chapel at Guildhall, as appears by the following entry in Journal IV, 198 (25th October, 26 Henry VI) — Itifl gardiani mister barbitonso^ & importaverunt in Cur xl s - sterlingoif p°se & mister sua ad coopturam Guyhatd Sc. Capelle. ' Riley p. 594. ACCOUNT- THE BARBERS INCORPORATE. ITHERTO we have considered two distinct and some- what hostile fraternities, the Surgeons on the one hand, and on the other the Barbers (consisting of Barbers and Barber-Surgeons), both of them City Guilds, existing by prescription, having independent rules and Ordinances for their government and the scrutiny and correction of abuses in their respective Crafts, the former Company few in number, the latter far more numerous and popular ; the Surgeons without, and the Barbers with, a Livery. Of these two fraternities, the Barbers by the regular and every day nature of their calling, as shavers and hair cutters, together with the practice of Surgery combined by so many of them, were the most likely to become the more popular Company ; their fees would surely be on a lower scale than those of the more aristocratic Surgeons, and their numbers and constant intercourse with the citizens, in their capacity as Barbers, enabled them easily to extend their connection as Surgeons. In all their contentions with the Surgeons' Guild, as far as we know, they held their own well, and thus it was that their place in the City, as a Livery Guild of at that time an ancient standing, their H 2 52 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. position as the professors of useful and scientific arts, their numbers and presumable affluence, all rendered it desirable that they should be placed upon the same footing as the better class of Guilds, by their acquisition of a Charter of Incorporation, which they accordingly obtained from the young King Edward IV in the first year of his reign (1462). Thomas Knot (Master, 1555) has recorded in one of our books, a Translation of this Charter, which Mr. J. Flint South (who does not appear to have seen the original Latin one) has transcribed, and this has been adopted by Mr. D'Arcy Power (page 326). Thomas Knot wrote a good hand, and was a zealous champion of the Barber- Surgeons in his time, but he made egregious blunders in some of the writings recorded over his signature, and although there is not great fault to be found with him in this instance, it is suggested that the Translation given below, is perhaps a more literal one than that which Knot has handed down. The Charter is still preserved at our Hall, and is contained on a small skin of parchment ; the initial letters of the title, which were at the time left to be illuminated have never been filled in, and the document is therefore not the work of art which one is accustomed to see in Charters of this period ; it bears signs of having been frequently used, the ink in some places being worn, and the words only legible with the aid of a magnifying glass. The great seal pendant is not quite perfect, but is a beautiful specimen and highly artistic. The followincr is the text of the Charter : — o (E)dwardus dei gra (R)ex (A)nglie & (F)rancie & (D)ominus (H)ibnie. (O)mnibus ad quos p°sentes Ire p°uenint saltffi (S)ciatis qd nos considerantes qualit? Ditci nob p°bi & liBi hoies mistere Barbitonso^ Ciuitatis nre london vtentes mistera siue facilitate Sirurgicoif. tarn circa vuliia plagas lesiones & alias infirmitates ligeo^ nro:i ibidem curand & Sauand q"m in extraccoe sanguinis & denciu h°m 9 ligeo^ nro^ g'ndes & multiplices intendencias & labores p" 5 longa tempera sustir.uerunt & supportauerunt cA minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 53 indiesq3 siitinere & supportare non desistunt qualit etiam p° ignoranciam negligenciam & insipienciam nonnullos h°m 9 barbitonsos tam libos hoim Ciuitatis nre p°dre q a m alios Sirurgicos forincecos & non liBoif hoim eiusdem Ciuitatis indies ad eandem Ciuitatem confluenciii & in mistera Sirurgicos minus sufficient" 5 erudito:'. q a m plurima ac quasi infinita mala diu'sis ligeis nris in \uln1b3 plagis lesionib^ & aliis infirmitatib^ suis p° huius modi Barbitonsores & Sirurgicos sauandis & curandis ob eos defe'm ante hec tempora euenerunt quos quidem ligeos nros alii ea de causa viam vniu'se carnis sunt ingressi alii autem eadem causa tanq a m insanabiles & incurabiles sunt ab om!b5 derelecti similia q3 mala vel peiora infutur 3 in hac parte euenire formidat nisi remedin congruil sup hoc p nos cicius p°uidetu° Nos enim attendentes & intime adutentes q°d huiusmodi mala ligeis nris ob defVtu debit sup°uis scrutinii correccois & punicois huiusmodi barbitonsos & Sirurgicos minus sufficient in eisdem misteris siue facultatib3 vt p°dcin est erudit° & instruct euenire contingunt. Ad humilem supplicacoem dilcos nob p'Mcos p°bo:i &: libos hoim p°dce mistere Barbitonsos in Ciuitate nra p°dca concessim 9 eis q°d mistera ilia & omes hoies eiusdem mistere de Ciuitate p°dca sint in re & noie vnii corpus & vna Coitas p°petua. Et q°d duo principales eiusdem Coitatis vna cii assensu duodecim vel octo p°sonas ad minus Coitatis illius in mistera Sirurgie maxime expert singulis annis elig°e possint & fac°e de Coitate ilia duos magros siue Gubnatores in mistera Sirurgie maxime expt°. Ad sup°uidend° regend & gubiiand mister & Coitatem p°dict° & omes hoies eiusdem mistere negociti eosdem imppfn. Et q°d q°dem magri siue gubnatores & Coitas heant successionem p°petuam & coe sigillum negociis dee Coitatis imp'pin s°uitur°. Et q°d ipi & successores sui imp'pm sint p°sone habiles & capaces ad p°quirend° & possidend in feodo & p°petuitate tras ten redditus & alias possessiones quascunq3 usq3 ad valorem quinq3 marcas p° annu ult a reprisas et q°d ipi noiii magros siue Gubnatos & Coitatis mistere barbitonsos london p°litare & implitari possint coram quibuscuq3 indicib3 in Curiis & acciob3 quibuscuq3 Et o°d p°dci magri siue Gubnatores & Coitas & eos successores congregacoes licitas & honestas de seip°is ac statuta & ordinacoes p° salubri gubnacoe sup°uisu & correccoe misteria p°dict° s°cdiri necessitatis exigenciam quociens & quando opus fuit face valeant licite & impune siue occone vel impedimento nri heredimi vel successor nros Justic' Escacios Vicecomitum Coronatos aut alios Balliuos vel ministros nros heredemi vel successor nros quoscuqs dumodo statuta & ordinacoes ilia cont° leges & consuetudines regni nri AngP nullo modo existant. Preteria volum 9 & concedhn 9 p° nos heredb5 & successor^ nris quantii in nob est q°d magri siue Gubnatores p°dce Coitatis p° tempore existeiv 1 & eos successores imppm tieant sup°uisum scrutini'ii correcco°em & gubnaco''em oini & singulos libos boirri dee Ciuitatf Sirurgicos vtencm mistera Barbitonsos in eadem Ciuitate ac alios Sirurgicos forincecos quos CUCJ3 mistera ilia Sirurgicf aliquo modo 5^ oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. frequentancm & vtencfn infra eandem Ciuitatem & suburbia eiusdem ac punicoem eoiidem tam litSon q a m forincecon p° delictis suis in non p°fecte exequend 9 faciend 9 & vtend 9 mistera ilia necnon sup r, uisum & scrutinm omimodou instrumenton emplaston & alia:i medicinal & eon receptf p°dcos Barbitonsores & Sirurgic^ huiusmodi ligeis nris p Q eon plagis & vulnibj lesionib5 & huiusmodi infirmitatibj curand 9 & sauand 9 dand 9 imponend 9 & vtend 9 quociens & quando opus fuit p° comodo & vtilitate eondem ligeon nfoTf ita q''d punicio huiusmodi Barbitonson vtencin dca mistera Sirurgicf ac huiusmodi Sirurgicf forincecon sit in p r, missis delinquenciYi p'' fines amciamenta & imprisonamenta corpon suon & p' alias vias ronabiles & congruas exequatur 9 . Et q°d nullus Barbitonson vtens dca mistera Sirurgicf infra dcam Ciuitatem aut suburb eiusdem aut alius Sirurgicus forincecus quicuijj & exequend 9 faciend 9 & execend 9 eandem misteram Sirurgic 9 aliquo modo infutur 9 in eadem Ciuitate vel Suburb eiusdem admittat 3 nisi primiciis p° dcos magros siue gubnatores vel eon successores ad hoc habiles & sufficientes in mistera ilia eruditus approbetf & p° plenar comprobaeone sua in hac parte maiori Ciuitatis p''dict 9 p' tempore existen 9 p'' eosdem magros siue Gubnatores ad hoc p^sentet 1 Volumus eciam & concedim 9 p' nob heredibj & successorib, nris quant'u in nob est q'd dci magri siue gubnatores ac Coitas pdc mistere Barbitonson nee successores sui nee eon aliquis quoquo modo infutur 9 infra Ciuitatem nfam p°dcan & Suburb eiusdem sumoniunt" aut ponant 3 neq5 eon aliquis sumoniat" aut ponat 3 in aliquib3 assisis iuratis enquestis inquisicoib5 attinctis aut aliis recognicoibj infra dcam Ciuitatem & Suburb eiusdem impostimi coram maiore aut vicecountf seu Coronatf dee Ciuitatis nre p'' tempore existen 9 capiend 9 aut p r ' aliquem officiariii siue ministm s'uu vel officiarios siue ministros suos sumoniand licet iidem Jurati inquisicoes seu recognieoes sum fuiiit sup'' bri vel briT35 nri vel heredimi nron de recto Sed q°d dci maiiri siue Gubnatores ac coitas mistere antedce & successores sui ac eon quiftt v'sus nos heredes & successores nros ac v'sus maiorem & vicecomites Ciuitatis nre p°dce p° tempore existen 9 & quosciiq^ Officiar 9 & ministros suos sint hide quieti &: penitus exonati imppm p° p°sentes. Et vlterius nos consideraeoe p°misson de gra nra s°pati concessim 9 p° nob & successor^ nris p'Yatis magris siue Gubnatorib5 ac Coit'ati dee Mistera Barbitonson & successorib} suis hanc libtatem videlt q"'d ipi p"'petuis futuris temporibj p r 'sonas habiles & sufficient 9 eruditos & informatos in dct'i mistera Sirurgic 9 & p° macros siue Gubnatores mistera illius p'' tempore existen 9 in forma p r 'dcti approbat 1 & maiore Ciuitatis p°dee p r ' tempore existen 9 vt p 9 dcam est p^sentat in eandem misteram Barbitonson ad libtafes dee Ciuitatis hend 9 & gaudend 9 scdm consuetudinem dee Ciuitatis admitte & recip r 'e valeant & non alias p°sonas quasciiq, neq3 alio Modo aliquo mandato aut requisiede nri heredimi seu successor nron p r; briis inscriptf vel alitf qualitf cumq3 incontrm factf seu faciendf non obstante Et licet iidem magri siue Gubnatores ac Coiatas & eon successores hac libtate continue in futurf vsi fiiint cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 55 cont a aliquod mandatum siue requisicoem nri heredii seu successor nroii aut aliquot alio 1 .; quo^cutj} in forma p°di ; a fiendf ipi tamen finem contemptu dep n ditum erga nos heredes seu successores nros aut dampnu vel malum aliquod in bonis seu corporib} suis erga quoscumq^ alios ea occone nullo modo incurrant nee eoit aliquis incurrat. Et hoc absq5 fine seu feodo p° p°missis seu sigillacoe p'sentum nob faciendf soluendf vel aliqualitf reddendf aliquo statute ordinacoe vel actu incontrm ante hec tempora editf factf ordinate seu p''uis non obstantf. In cuius rei testimonm has Iras nfas fieri fecim 9 patente-. Teste me ipo apud Westm vicesimo quarto die ffebruarii Anno regni nri primo. Pekham. p°bre de priuato sigillo & de dat( J p'dct auctoritate parliamenti & p'' decern libris soluitf in hanap n io (Endorsed.) Irto in Cur 9 Domini Regis in Cama Guihalde Ciuitatf London in libro signatf 3 cum litta. 1. fof tercio decimo. Anno regni Regis Edward) quarti post conquestum Tercio. Translation. Edward by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, To all to whom these present letters shall come, health. Know ye, that we considering how our beloved, honest, and free men of the Mystery of Barbers of our City -V) cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of London, exercising the Mystery or Art of Surgery, as well respecting wounds, bruises, hurts, and other infirmities of our liegemen, and healing and curing the same, as in letting blood, and drawing the teeth of our liege men, have for a long time undergone and supported, and daily do undergo and support, great and manifold applications and labours ; and also, how through the ignorance negligence and stupidity of some of the men of the said Barbers, as well of the freemen of our said City, as of other Surgeons foreigners and not freemen of the said City, and who daily resort to the said City, and in the mystery of Surgery are not sufficiently skilled, whereby very many and almost infinite evils have before this time happened to many of our liegemen, in their wounds, hurts, bruises, and other infirmities, by such Barbers and Surgeons, on account of their defect in healing and curing ; from which cause, some of our said liegemen have gone the way of all flesh, and others, through the same cause, have been by all given over as incurable and past relief, and it is to be dreaded, that similar or greater evils may in future arise on this head, unless proper remedy is by us, speedily provided for the same. We therefore, heartily weighing and considering that such evils do happen to our liegemen for want of the examinations, corrections, and punishments by a due supervision of such Barbers and Surgeons as are insufficiently skilled and instructed in the said mysteries or arts as aforesaid ; have at the humble request of our aforesaid beloved, honest, and freemen of the said Mystery of Barbers in our said city, granted to them that the said Mystery, and all men of the said Mystery aforesaid, may be in deed and name one body and one perpetual Community, and that two Principals of the said Community may, with the consent of twelve persons, or at least eight of the said Community who are best skilled in the mystery of Surgery, every year elect and make out of the Community, two Masters or Governors of the utmost skill, to superintend rule and govern the Mystery and Community aforesaid and all men of the said Mystery, and of the businesses of the same for ever. And that the said Masters or Governors and Community may have a perpetual succession and common seal to serve for the affairs of the said Community for ever, and that they and their successors for ever may be able and capable to acquire and possess in fee and perpetuity lands, tenements, rents, and other possessions whatsoever, to the value of five marks per annum, besides reprises. And that they, by the name of the Masters or Governors and Community of Barbers of London, may be able to plead and to be impleaded before whatsoever Justices in Courts, and actions whatsoever. And that the said Masters or Governors and Community, and their successors, may lawfully and honestly assemble themselves, and make statutes and ordinances for the wholesome government, superintendence, and correction of the said Mystery, according to the exigency of the necessity, as often and whenever it may be requisite, lawfully and unpunishably, without leave or hindrance of us, our heirs or successors, Justices, cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 57 Escheators, Sheriffs, Coroners, or any other Bailiffs, or servants of us, our heirs or successors; provided that such statutes or ordinances are not in any ways contrary to the laws and customs of our Kingdom of England. We further will and grant, for us, our heirs and successors, as far as in us lies, that the Masters or Governors of the aforesaid Community for the time being, and their successors for ever, shall have the superintendence, scrutiny, correction, and government of all and singular the freemen of the said City who are Surgeons, exercising the Mystery of Barbers within the said City, and of all other foreign Surgeons whomsoever, in anywise practising and using the said Mystery of Surgeons in the said City and the suburbs thereof, and the punishment of them, as well freemen as foreigners, for their offences in not perfectly following, practising and using that mystery, and also the superintendence and scrutiny of all kinds of instruments, plaisters, and other medicines, and their recipes, by such Barbers and Surgeons given, applied, and used for our liege men, for curing and healing their wounds, bruises, hurts and such kind of infirmities, when and as often as shall be requisite for the convenience and utility of our liege men ; so that punishment of such Barbers exercising the said mystery of Surgeons, so offending in the premisses, be executed by fines, amerciaments, and imprisonments of their bodies, and by other reasonable and suitable means ; and that no Barber exercising the said mystery of Surgeons in the said City and suburbs thereof, or any other foreign Surgeon whatsoever, shall in future be admitted to follow, practise and exercise the said mystery of Surgeons, in anywise, within the said City or the suburbs thereof, unless he be first approved by the said Masters or Governors, or their successors, for this purpose able and sufficient as skilled in the said Mystery, and for his plenary approbation in this behalf, by the said Masters or Governors to the Mayor of the said City for the time being, presented. We also will and grant, for us our heirs and successors, as far as in us lies, that neither the said Masters or Governors and community of the said Mystery of Barbers, nor their successors, nor any of them shall hereafter, in anywise be summoned or appointed on any assizes, juries, inquests, inquisitions, attainders, or other recognizances, within the said City or suburbs thereof for the time to come, before the Mayor or Sheriffs or Coroners of our said City for the time being, by any summoning officer or his servant, or summoning officers or their servants, although the said juries, inquisitions, or recognizances should be summoned by a writ or writs of right, of us or our heirs, but that the said Masters or Governors and Community of the aforesaid Mystery and their successors shall, from henceforth for ever, be peaceably and entirely exonerated towards us, our heirs and successors, and towards the Mayor and Sheriffs of our said City for the time being, and every of their officeis and servants, by these presents. And further, we, in consideration of the premisses, do of our special grace, for us and our successors, I 58 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. grant to the said Masters or Governors and Community of the said Mystery of Barbers, and their successors, this liberty, to wit, that they in all future times may admit and receive persons apt and sufficiently skilled and informed in the said Mystery of Surgery, and by the Masters or Governors for the time being of the said Mystery, in manner aforesaid approved, and presented to the Mayor of the said City for the time being as aforesaid, into the said Mystery of Barbers to the fredom of the said City, to be held and enjoyed according to the custom of the said City ; and no other persons whomsoever, nor in any other manner, any mandate or requisition of us, our heirs or successors, by written letters or otherwise howsoever made or to be made to the contrary notwithstanding. And although the said Masters or Governors and Community and their successors should contumaciously use this liberty in future against any mandate or requisition of us, our heirs, or successors, or any others whomsoever to be made in form aforesaid, neither they nor any of them shall in anywise incur any fine, contempt, or loss towards us, our heirs or successors, or any damage or punishment in their goods or bodies, or towards any other persons whatsoever, on that account ; And this without fine or fee for the sealing of these presents, to be done paid or otherwise rendered unto us ; any statute, ordinance, or any act to the contrary, before this time published made ordained or provided notwithstanding In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness myself at Westminster the twenty-fourth day of February in the first year of our reign. Pekham. By writ of privy seal, and of the date aforesaid, by authority of Parliament, and for ten pounds paid into the hanaper. (Endorsed.) Inrolled in the Court of the Lord the King, in the chamber of the Guildhall of the City of London in the book marked with the letter 1. folio thirteen in the third year of the reign of King Edward the Fourth from the Conquest. The chief point which strikes us on reading the foregoing Charter is, that it contains a great deal relative to Surgery, and little, indeed nothing, concerning Barbery, and yet it is granted ostensibly to the Barbers ! Now the Surgical side being the more important one of the craft, and the raison d'etre of the Charter being in a great measure to provide for the regulation of Surgery and the correction of abuses in zA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons. ^cj that profession, this silence as to Barbery and recognition of Surgery would seem to be an evidence that the practice of the latter, more or less, was the rule rather than the exception with members of the Company of Barbers ; and, as the Masters or Governors were empowered to make "statutes and ordinances" (by-laws) for the governance of the mystery, it was doubtless considered unnecessary to descend into any details concerning shaving and the like in a Royal Charter. The preamble of this Charter is exceedingly quaint and interesting, reciting how through the " ignorance, negligence and stupidity " of various Barbers and other practitioners in Surgery, many of the King's lieges had "gone the way of all flesh." Then at the request of "our beloved, honest and free men of the said Mystery of Barbers," the King grants to them, to be one body perpetual, etc., that two of the chief men of the Company (no doubt the two then existing Masters "exercising the faculty of Surgery") may with twelve or at least eight other skilled Barber-Surgeons, elect two Masters annually : this provision in itself is singular, as it would seem to imply that the body then incorporated was to be ruled by two Masters only ; but a reference to our list of Masters and Wardens will shew that from the year 1448 the Company has been ruled by four Masters, and so on in unbroken succession to the present time 1 ; these other two Masters therefore were Masters of the Barbers proper, about whom nothing was said in the Charter, but who were chosen annually in accordance with ancient custom, the Chief or First Master being alternately a Barber, and a Barber-Surgeon. The Corporation was to have perpetual succession, and a Common seal, to hold lands of a certain value, to be able to plead and 1 The term "Wardens" is a more modern designation used for convenience sake ; the Master and the three Wardens are, strictly speaking, the four " Masters or Governors." I 2 60 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. to be impleaded, to make by-laws, to have the scrutiny and correction of (apparently all) Surgeons in the City and suburbs, as also the oversight of all their instruments and medicines, etc., and to have the power of inflicting punishment, by fine or imprisonment, on offenders. None were to practise Surgery until examined and approved by the Masters and presented to the Mayor, and authority was given for the freemen of the Company to be admitted into the freedom of the City. Another clause in the Charter was one which, whilst it con- ferred a valuable privilege upon the Company, was a source of continual strife and conflict with the Civic authorities, for by it all our freemen claimed to be exempted from serving on Juries and inqui- sitions, and this immunity, though constantly disputed, was as often asserted and maintained, with various qualifications. In The Times, November 26, 1839, is an account of the exemp- tion of certain freemen of the Company from serving on Juries at the Central Criminal Court. In this instance neither the claimants nor the Recorder knew much about the matter — for one of the applicants said, in reply to the Recorder, " I rest my claim on the Charter of Henry VIII " // And, further on in the discussion, the same bold Barber had the effrontery to declare that "the privilege was confirmed by an Act passed in the reign of George II." This was the Act which separated the Surgeons from the Barbers, and which did not confirm to the latter the exemption claimed, but our freeman gained his point, and the Recorder only grumbled. As recently as 1868, a case was submitted to Sir J. D. Coleridge (now Lord Chief Justice) as to the legality of the exemption, and he gave his opinion in favour of it. However, since then the Jury Act has, alas! swept away this cherished immunity, and thus let the Barbers down to the level of their fellow citizens. JSJkSa toec&czo ^vtt^c cttttimt ffiellw ,Hm Ai^rJtj'* fi«t»m -MS» <&>*«»»> fen *»«**^ wjnffu&eii ffy>f># am> jab* 1 fe&tfia** ^ tLej^ pL „, aftyut »*6 - jvtcS* SfcMtoM ^i^«« ««*m«*K. i hoies Artf sive occupacois de Barbours Civitatf london vener hie in Cur° dci dni Regis in Canra Guilhald ejusdem Civitatf coram Henrico Colet milite maiore & Aldris Civitat( J p°dci & porrex n unt eisdm maori & Aldris quanda billam sive supplicaoem Cujus tenor sequif' in hec verba, To the right honourable lord the maire and fulle discrete sov'aignes thald^men of the Citee of london Shewen mekely unto yo r ' good lordeship and maisfshippes the maister and the Wardeyns and the good ffolke of the Crafte or Science of Barbours Surgeons of the said Citee that Where as they of longe tyme have been in discorde and not of oon conformite, but ev'y man in effect of the said Crafte or Science hathe taken and folowed his own singuler way and apetite as menne be' under no Rule nor obedience, contrarie to all godly policie for lacke of good Rules and orden a ncf hadde and used within the same Crafte or Science, and in especiall for takyng of over many app°nticf and settyng awerk of money 2 fforeyns corny ng cute of Seint Martyns, Westmynster, Suthwerk and other placf nere unto this Citee to the distruccion of the good ffolke enfraunchised of the said Crafte or Science, but if 3 a remedie by yo r noble and grete wisdomes the rather be p'Vided in that behalf. That it wold pleas yo r ' good lordeship and maistershippes for the good Rule and sadde 4 guydyng hereafter to be hadde amongf the good ffolkf of the said Crafte within the same Crafte to graunt to yo r saide be- sechers certeyn Articles hereaft? ensuying from hensforth to be obs°ved and kept and afore you here in this hono'able Court to be establisshed and entred of Record for ever to endure. FFirst that no p°sone of the said Crafte or science ne none other enfraunchised within the saide Crafte and kepyng open shoppe of the same Crafte or Science within the same Cite from hensforth in any wyse p°sume to take uppon him to sette a werke within his house or Shoppe any s vaunt or s°vauntf or allowes 5 or other beyng fforeyns or estraungiers, but 6 ev°ry suche p^sone so enfraunchised in the saide Crafte or science or in any other and occupie the same Crafte or Science within the Citee aforesaid present any such s'Vaunt or s°vauntf allowes and other before the maistPs and Wardeyns of the same Crafte or Science of Barbours for the tyme beyng within iij daies next after his comyng to his saide maister to thentent that the saide maister and Wardeyns have knowledge of their habilitie and cunyng 7 before they be sette any lenger in occupation in the saide Crafte or Science, And what man 9 p^sone 8 aforesaid hereafter be founde 1 Being = living. 2 Many. :l But if = unless. 'Wise. : ' Hired servants. 6 Unless. ' Skill. s Manner of person. 64 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. doyng the contrarie of this orden a nce shall forfeit and pay at ev°y tyme that he is so founden defectif xl s ' the oon half thereof to be applied to thuse of the Chambre of this hono'able Citee and the other half to the Coen boxe of the said Crafte. Also that no mar? p°sone' enfraunchised in the saide Crafte or in any other kepying an open Shoppe and occupieth the same Crafte within the Citee from hensforth take or set a Werke within his house or shoppe or ellf where within the same Citee any moo- S 9 vaunts allowes at oones 3 beyng fforeyns or Straungiers but oonly ij p°sones and the same ij p°sones to be p°sented by their maister before the maister and Wardeyns of the said Crafte or Science of Barbours for the tyme beyng within iij daies next corftyng in to suche s°vice to their suche maist° And that the same fforeyns or straungiers shall take or have of their saide maister suche wages for their suche s°vice as it shalbe thought by the saide Maister and Wardeyns of the said Crafte of Barbours that they canne des'Ve and none other, And what maner of p°sone aforesaid hereafter be founde doyng contrarie to this orden'ncf shall forfeit at ev°ry tyme that he is founde defectif v' ij to be divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced.' 1 Also if it fortune hereafter any p°sone enfraunchised in the saide Crafte of barbours or in any other occupying the same Crafte of barbours within the Citee to take any mo s'VauntC allowes at oones beyng fforeyns or straungiers than onely ij as is aforeherced 5 Wherethurgh 6 he renneth in the forfaiture of the said penaltie of v lij for the saide offence, and than that the maister and Wardeyns of the saide Crafte of Barbours for the tyme beyng havyng knowleche therof put not the said penaltie of v' 1 ' in execucion accordyng to the teno'- of the saide Acte thereof made, within xiiij daies after that the said maist and Wardeyns have knowleche thereof, that than the said maist° and Wardeyns for the tyme beyng so founden defectif shall forfeit and lose at ev'y tyme xiij s - iiij d - to be divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced. Also that no man p^sones enfraunchised in the said Crafte or in any other occupying the same Crafte within the said Citee from hensforth take any moo app°ntices at oones than iij uppon payne of forfaiture of v a at ev°y suche tyme as he is founde defectif doyng contrarie of this Article, to be divided and applied to suche uses as be afore reherced Savyng allway that it shalbe lefull to ev°y suche p^sone oon yeere before the t°me of app°ntishode of any his app°nticf be expired to take a nother app^ntice in the stede of hym that is nygh comyng oute of his t°mes of app^ntishode to thentent that the same newe app^ntice may have his due erudicion and lernyng in the said Crafte or Science of Barbours before the t 9 mes and 7 of the rather app'Vitice. 1 Manner of person. '-' More. ' Once. ' Afore rehearsed. 5 Afore rehearsed. 8 Wherethrough = whereby. ; A blank in the original. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 65 Also if any p'son of the said Crafte or Science selle away his app°ntice to a nother manne within his t°mes of app'ntishode that than it shalnot be lefull to any suche p°sone so silling away his app°ntice to take any newe in his stede duryng the t 9 me to come of app°ntishode of that app r 'ntice so sold Nevertheles if it fortune any app°ntice to dye within the t°mes of his app°ntishode that than it shall be laufull to the mast of that app°ntice so dying to take a nother in his stede when so ev 9 it shall lyke hym. Provided all way that it shalbe lefull to ev°y p°sone of the said Crafte nowe havyng many app°nticC to reteyne and holde fulle as many app''nticf as he hathe the day of makyng of this Acte or orden a nce unto suche tyme as the t°me of their app^nticialite shalbe fully accomplisshed So all way that no suche p°sone take any mo app''ntices unto suche tyme as the nu'bre of the said app^nticf be reduced and brought unto the said nu°bre of iij app r, nticf uppon payn of forfaiture of v IL to be divided and applied to suche uses as been afore reherced. Also that no foreyn Barbour from this tyme foreward occupie the Craft or Science of Barbours or Surgeon Barbo r within the ffraunchise of the said Citee but if he be lymytted and assigned therto by the maister and Wardeyns of the same Craft for the tyme beyng uppon payn of forfaiture of v"- as often as any suche p°sone so be founde defectif, to be divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced. Provided allway that if it canne be thought for the wele of the kyngf people that if any foreyn Barbours or foreyn Surgeon be founden of such habilitie and connyng of Surgerie or of that Crafte that it were necessarie to have hym to occupie within the ffraunchise of this Citee, that than he be admitted therto by the Chamrjleyn of london and by the Maister and Wardeyns of the said Crafte of Barbours for the tyme beyng, With that the same fforeyn fynde suertie sufficient to be bounde to the said Chamrjleyn and Maister and Wardeyns for to do make him self free of the saide Crafte or Science of Surgeon Barbours and to obey and p°fourme the Rules and orden a ncf of the same Crafte and to be under the correcion of the same Crafte, provided allway that the kyngf^ people be served in price of their Cure and shavyng in tyme to come aswell and as safely as they have been in tymes passed. Then follows the usual Ratification (in Latin) of the above Articles. 1490. A declaration made by one Bryan Sandford, dated 8th March, 1490, was produced to the Committee of the House of K 66 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Commons in 1745, in which it was stated that the Company were at that time possessed of the freehold of their Hall in Monkwell Street. 1493. On the 1 2th July in this year, an agreement was entered into between the Barbers' Company and the Surgeons' Guild which would indicate that the two bodies were now on amicable terms, working harmoniously for the increase of the credit of the profession, and for the correction of inexperienced surgeons and empirics. This " Composition " is of so interesting a nature that it is here given in full, as extracted from the fine old Book of Ordinances at the Hall ; it did not unite the two bodies in any way beyond this, that they agreed to follow the same rules and practice with regard to the government of all Surgeons ; that each guild was to choose two Wardens, and that the four so chosen were to act in a conjoint capacity as rulers or masters in matters surgical, and thus comprehend all Surgeons, whether of the Barbers' Company, the Surgeons' Guild, or "foreyns." HIS present wrytyng endentyd of coptosicyons made the xij th day of July i° the zere of owyr lord God M'CCCClxxxxiij and the viij" 1 zere of the reyne of kyng harry the vij th William Martyn then beyng mayre of this cyte of london betwyxt the ffelishippis of surgeons enfraunches w' in the cyte of london on that on p'ty And the felishippis of harbours surgeons and surgeons harbours enfraunchessid i° the seyd cyte on the other parte witnesyth that the sayde felyshippys of ther comon assent and mere mocyons ben codescedyd and agreyd togethir the day and the zere aboue sayd, in man and fourme folowyng. That is to sey that eiiy p°son and p°sons of the faculte or scyens of surgeons admyttyd and sworne to eytti of the sayde felyshippis from hens forward shall stond and a byde w' ther felyshippis as they now do and dyd before thys present composicyon. zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 67 .LSO that from hens forth non of the sayde felyshippis shall admyt nor reseyue in to ther felishippys any alyent straung or foreyn vsyng the sayde faculte or scyens of surgery w'owten knowleg or ciisent of the wardes of bothe the seyd felishippys. All so for the welth and suerte of the kyngf lege people And the honour of the seyde felyshyppys, It is agreyd be twyxt the same two felyshippis that non alyent straunger nor foreyn shall use nor ocopy the seyde faculte or scyens of surtiy withyn this cyte or subbers of the same unto such tyme as he shewhym selfe to the mayer for the time beyng, and by the iiij wardeyns of bothe the saide felishippis, that is to sey of eytri of the sayde felishippis, tweyn, and oth° suche as by theyr wysdomys they will call vnto them, be dewly examyned & approuyd to be sufficyent of conyng and habilyte in the sayde faculte. And yf any such p°son or p^sones bi the sayde iiij wardens as is afore sayde be taken reputed and a lowed to be sufficient of konyng and habylite i° the seyd faculte or scyens of surgery that then the p°son or p^sonys so knowen and admyttyd shall be sworne to all the good rewlys and ordenans of y" seyd faculte or scyens of surgery, and to be under the coreccyon of the iiij wardens for the tyme beyng to the entent that at all tymes he may be under dwe coreccyon for the sauegard of y" kyngis lege people. And if any suche alyent straung' 1 or foreyn of p^sumcon refuse to be examyned of the seyde wardens in man & fourme as is a fore seyd, Or yf any suche straunger or foreyn so examyned be the seyde wardens be Juged onsufficient of conyng and neiitheles takyth upon hym to occupy or vse the seyde faculte of sunjy w'yn the seyde cyte or subbars of the same, Then take the name of hym or them so doyng and p°sent hym by the sayd iiij wardens to the mayer for the tyme beyng, to the entent that by his wysdom, and advice of hys honerabyll brethern may set suche direccyon as shall be thought resonabil formacion 1 therof, restrayne hym from the ocupacon of the same scyens w' in the sayde cyte. Also it is agreyd and copoundyd betwyxte the sayde felyshippys that from hensforth eiiy of the seyde felyshippis and seiially by them selfe, Chese of themselfe two discrete p^sons usyng the fete of surgery to be seiially wardens of the sayde seiiall felishippis, and that these iiij wardens for the tyme beyng when and as oftyn as nede shall requere, Shall haue the syght and good gounaunce of the seide faculte of surgery. And eiiy p°son or p°sonys of eiiy of the sayde felyshippis that happenys or shall fortune to haue any Jeop°de = or dowtefull cure, dredyng deth or may, 3 he or they hauing at eny tyme to come, shall shew and p°sent the cure or curys in as short tyme as nede shall be reqVed, And at the leste at the thyrde dressyd 4 to the saide iiij wardens for the tyme beyng, Or any other p°son or p°sonys that is to seye, to '? "For reformation." -Jeopardy. 3 Maiming. ' ? " Day " or " dressing. " K 2 68 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. one of yche of the seyde felishippis, and the same wardens and yf them seme nedefull shall call unto them ij or iij, or more if nede req°re, of the wysest and best exp°te me of the said felishippis occupyeng the saide faculte of surgery as them semeth most expedyent, for the cause or causis aforesayde. Also in this coposycion yt is ordeyned and agreyd, that none of the iiij wardens for the zere beyng neyther any other p°son of the sayde felishippis ocopyeng the crafte of surii'i, Put any man of thes sayde felishipis oute of ther cure otherwyse then the honeste of the crafte wolle, but that yche of them be redy to helpe eche other w' counsell or deed, y' worship profyte and the honeste of the crafte, and helpyng of the seke be had and done on all sydis. And if ony of thes iiij wardens for the tyme bey°g or any other p°son or p°sonys of the seyde felyshippis do the cotrary that eche suche doer content the valvyr ' of the cure, After discressyon and Jugemet of the same iiij wardens for the zere beyng, And also for his trespas to paye aftur discression and Jugemet of the iiij wardens. Also if any p°son of the sayde felishippis dislaunder or depute any of the saide felishippis onrightfully ownonestly and ef it so maye be prouyd upon hym by two or thre witnesse, that he paye for that trespas iij ,j iiij' 1 ', and ouer that to make amendis to y" seide p°sons the whiche he hath so disslaunderd aftur Jugement of onest men of the seyd felyshippis not founden in non suche defaute. This p°sent coposicyon was made the daye and zere a bowe wreton by Roberd taylour, Rob'- Halyday, Thorns Koppisley, Thorns Thornton, Ihoii Harte, John Marhifi, Roberd Beuerly, James Scote, James Ingoldysby, John Taylour, Richard Swedenhm, Nicholas Leueryng, John Wilson. In rowlid in Raffe Osterigis tyme, mayer. Of the persons assenting to this composition, the following were Barber-Surgeons, viz. : Rob'- Halyday (Master 1475, 1483, 1485, 1490, 1496), James Scott (M. 1493, 1498, 1500), James Ingoldysby (M. 1501, 1506), John Taylour (M. 1523, 1524), and Nicholas Leveryng (M. 1503, 1 508), the others were most likely belonging to the Guild of Surgeons. An Ordinance by way of addenda to the above was made, imposing penalties upon any who should break any of the foregoing rules; the first offence to be punished by a fine of 10s., the second 20s., and the third offence to be remitted to the Mayor and Aldermen for punishment after their discretion. ' ? " Value." ^5he;ar of oibic *ki&. aj. care U$*mj . ta-fiicgoiin^raujn trie fieof otaefoucjm ^3i|C5 aontte tuat gmai *iugufc laft paft &tbw^mff tjpttt fife in Hje emmtttirimaa& tijapofiaffit ^ ttrtja- anb trtjert fije (htelioteb bp fee fepfcj oljUj&^tif m a gtee Jaudims ofi utanp iii^bt isdt e* ^jetfc mm ijm^eiy ^0fg&isa*< ptmhf ttttfje fejfo aaftc ctffitrgrtp i(wb tije albe it fje tjarije afmefti* wimp tpmjte tea tBdt aflnm^b jetturtB tjeis tiemlp tjatetyft be tije ft^le bottottt anb ifyttfip.eafo fimuie abptT qui* ftifittte to otopp i vCt ttie fliadife 06 Ikja-jji 00 rmcff a boiBte ueas r&atmtti& a$ mutevs fpfifeb* vltmdmiB mtmnp otijetf bi&0&& t bpuas $ tije femeHota* ttjus apioupfl au5 afaApD rettmutf as ait &\Mmmilbe upb ftadtr apumjiD ano abdeO to ocypp *}nar #fc tn tije (ijfo faniite t flip plare t»^ea aui ao ofle asl#iabeft^be9f tot (jam tyiraiftti Iipntaub^imiiib to Ifptxv be Hies jjfcoies tomfctestBtytf of ixt tymitputtt ti\t mapti fmle of barbouts anD ofiturgma libomte |of touto^gmeaftfclmitott. tt^t jom^hiljatt; 06 t^e fcpb mtuouflfte tbe/tn^tap of 4u0uft^r ^eueofi piu^bub 0oD,aj.caccijpm'utj, oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 69 How long this agreement, so beneficial for the practice of Surgery, continued in force is unknown ; but the probabilities are that the old jealousies soon re-appeared and that each Guild worked on its own lines until 1540, as, by the uniting Act then passed, it was specially remarked as desirable that the two Companies should come together, and be incorporated in one. 1497. We shall now present to the reader's notice a highly important document, being a diploma granted by the Master and Wardens of the Barbers' Company to one of their freemen, enabling him to practise as a Surgeon. This is in all probability the earliest English diploma of a Surgeon extant and cannot fail by the quaintness of its composition, and the details given, to prove of much interest. We notice in it, that our Company as usual, did not fail to rehearse its prerogatives and practice, and we also observe that thus early the Company provided an instructor and examiner in the science, Dr. John Smith, before whom came in the Common Hall, Robert Anson, and in the presence of a "great audience of many right well expert men in Surgery and others, was openly examined in divers things con- cerning the practice," etc. THE LETT PATE OF B°BOURS cv: OF SURGEOS B°BORS. =5%7j)0 all trew crysten people to whom thes present lettris shall come. SP&C Roberd Halidai ' mastur of harbours and of surgeon harbours of london, and Willfn Okeley, John Knote ' and Thomas Dawes 3 wardens of the same gretyng, knowe ye that wher as the moste excellent Pryns in cryst and soiieyn lord Edward by the grace of god kyng of ynglod and of ffraunce, lord of Ierlond, for many p'Younde cosider- acyons his gee movyng, hathe grauntyd the well to hym T cryst, the approuyd fremen the coialte of harbours and of surgeon harbours of the cyte of londo, The serche and oiisyght correcyon and ponyshement, examinacon & approbacion of all fremen 1 Master 1475, 14S3, 1485, 1490, 1496. ' Master 15 10. :1 Master 1504. jo fi/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. usyng or hauntyng the conyng of surgery and burbory, And of all maner of men foreyns usyng or hauntyng any p\iculer p°te of surgery withyn the seyde cyte or subbers ther of, As a bowte new woundys, olde soris, and other lesyons what so eii they be, Also in drawyng of teeth ventosyng scarificacons and suche oth° manwall operacons, lyke as the lettres patentes of owre seyde lege lord the kyng ther upon made planyly may apere. We therfore the saide Roberde, YVilliri, John & Thorns at this tyme masturs and wardens of the saide felishyp, ffor the comyn p°fyte weth 1 and relefe socour of owr lordis the kyngC lege people, entedyng to p°uyde men of good capasite and abill I maners and conyng, sufficiently lerned, enfourmed, and labored by long experyens, and other in the seide craft of surgery, — haue prayed and requyred mastur John Smyth doctour I phesik, Instructour & examener of the seide feliship, and be ' the same for that intent chosen and elect to entur & examynacyon for the cawses a boue saide, w' divers p°sons whiche long tyme, w'owte auctorite, haue vsed and haunted w' experyens the conyng of surgery, wheruppon aftur dewe and dyuers monycions made in this be halue, Roberd Anson on of the seide coialte at the comyn hall of the same 1 london appered, i his p°pyr p°son, the first day of August last past, submyttyng hym selfe to the examynron and thaposicion, 3 wher and when the seide Roberd by the sayde John Smyth, in a gret audiens of many ryght well expert men T surgery & other, was opyly examyned I dyuers thingf cocernyng the practise op\tife and directif in the seyde crafte of Surgery. And the r albe it he hathe a fore this many tymys been well approuyd, 5et now he is newly habelyd, be 4 the seyde doctour and felyship, and founde abyll and discrete to ocopy & vse the practise of surgery, as well a bowte new woundis, as cansers, fystelis, vlceracions & many other disessis & dyuers ; & the same Robert thus aprouyd and abelyd we haue, as an expert man T the seyd faculte, aprouyed and abeled to ocupy & practyse in the seyd faculte, i eiiy place, when and as ofte as hym best lyketh we haue lycensid hym and graiitid to hym by thes p°sentes. I witnes wherof we haue putte the comyn scale of barbours and of surgeon b'bours of london, geuen at london i the comyn hall of the seyd Comonalte the viij day of August the zere of oure lord god M'CCCClxxxxvij. 1499. In this year the Company obtained from Henry VII a confirmation of their Charter, paying but 20s. for the same. This Inspeximus Charter recites and confirms that of Edward IV with the very noticeable exceptions, that four Masters or Governors are named instead of two, and that they are described as of " the 1 Wealth. - By. * " The apposition " = the questioning. ' By. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. yi Mystery of Barbers and Surgeons," and not " Barbers " only, as in Edward's grant. The original, in excellent preservation, with the great seal of England pendant, is at the Hall, and the text is as follows : — Henricus dei gratia Rex Anglie Francie & Dominus Hibernie Omnib3 ad quos p^sentes littere pervenerunt, salutem. Inspeximus litteras patentes recolende memorie domine E. quarti nuper Regis Anglie progenitoris nostri factas in hec verba. Edwardus dei gracia Teste me ipso apud Westmonasteriii vicesimo quarto die Februarii Anno regni nostri primo. Nos autem litteras predictas ac omnia & singula in eis contenta rata habentes et grata ea pro nobis et heredibus nostris quantum in nobis est acceptamus & approbamus ac dilectis ligeis nostris Rico Haywarde Jacobo Holand Johanni Robertson et Johanni Boteler nunc Magistris sive Gubernatoribj mistere Barbitonso^ et Sirurgico^ infra Civitatem nram predcam & eo^ Successorib5 per p^sentes ratificamus et confirmamus sicut Ire predce ronabilis testant? In cujus rei testioin has Iras nras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me i[io apud Westm quinto die Decembris Anno regni nostri quinto decimo. Clerk. pro viginti solidis solutis in hanaperio. (Endorsed.) Intratur in libro signato cum Ira. m. tempore Nich'i Ahvyne maioris Civitatis londou Anno Regni Regis Henrici septum quinto decimo. Pakknham. Translation. Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, To all to whom these present letters shall come, health. We have inspected the letters patent of the Lord Edward the fourth, of gracious memory, late King of England, our progenitor, made in these words, " Edward by the grace of God Witness my self at Westminster the 24th day of February in the first year of our reign." We also, the aforesaid letters, and all and singular therein contained ratifying and granting, for us and our heirs, as much as in us lies do accept and approve, and to our beloved lieges, Richard Haywarde, James Holand, John Robertson, and John Boteler, now Masters or Governors of the Mystery of Barbers and Surgeons within our City aforesaid, and to their successors, by these presents, do ratify and confirm, as in the 72 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. aforesaid letters is reasonably testified. In Witness whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness myself at Westminster the fifth day of December in the fifteenth year of our reign. Clerk. for twenty shillings paid into the hanaper. (Endorsed.) Entered in the book marked with the letter m. in the time of Nicholas Alwyne, Mayor of the City of London, in the fifteenth year of the reign of King Henry the Seventh. Pakenham. 151 i. In this year an Act of Parliament was passed, which infringed on the privileges of the Barbers' Company, inasmuch as it placed the approbation and licensing of Surgeons in the hands of certain clerical dignitaries, to wit, the Bishop of London and Dean of St. Paul's (while for the country the several Bishops or their Vicars general were nominated). This Act was possibly the outcome of some laxity on the part of our Company, or of an intolerable growth of quackery, with which it could not cope, the pretenders to surgical knowledge being a "great multitude" of ignorant persons, and women, using sorcery, witchcraft and noxious remedies. This Act of Parlia- ment (3 Hen. VIII, cap. XI) as given below, is from an original copy in the possession of Mr. Charles J. Shoppee (Master 1878). % AN ACTE CONCERNYNG THE APPROBATION OF PHISICIONS AND SURGIONS. To the kyng our souerayne lorde, and to all the lordes spiritual and temporall, & comons in this present parlyament assembled. Forasmoche as the science and connynge of phisike & surgerie (to the perfet knowlege whereof, be requisite both great lernyng and rype experience) is dayly within this realme exercised by a great multitude of ignorant p°sons : of whome the great part haue no maner of insight in the same, nor in any other kynde of lernynge, some also can no letters on the boke, so farforthe that common artificers, as smythes, weauers, and women, boldely and customably take upon oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 7? them greate cures and thinges of greate difrlcultie : in the whiche they partly use sorcerye, and witchcrafte, partly apply suche medicines unto the disease, as be very noyous and nothyng metely therfore to the highe displeasure of god, great infamye to the facultie, and the greuous hurte, damage, and destruction of many of the kynges liege people : most specially of them that can not discerne the unconnynge from connynge. Be it therfore (to the suertie and comforte of all maner people) by auctoritie of this present parliament enacted, that no persone within the citie of London, nor within seuen myles of the same, take upon hym to exercise and occupie as a phisition or surgion, excepte he be fyrst examyned, approued, and admytted by the byshop of London, or by the deane of Paules, for the tyme beinge, calling to hym or them foure doctours of phisike, and for surgery, other experte persons in that facultie, and for the fyrste examination suche as they shall thynke conuenient, and afterwarde alway foure of them that haue ben so approued, upon the peine of forfayture, for euery moneth that they do occupie as phisitions or surgions, not admytted nor examyned after the tenour of this acte, of v.li. to be enployed the one halfe therof to thuse of our soueraine lorde the kynge, and the other halfe therof to any person that wyll sue for it by action of dette, in whiche no wager of lawe nor protection shalbe alowed. ^1" And ouer this, that no persone out of the sayd citie and precinte of vii. myles of the same, except he haue ben (as is aforesayd) approued in y" same, take upon hym to exercise and occupie as a phisition or surgion, in any diocesse within this realme, but if he be fyrste examined and approued by the bysshoppe of the same dyocese, or he beynge out of the dioces by his vycare generall : either of them callyng to them suche experte persones in the sayde faculties, as their discretion shal thynke conuenient, and gyuyng theyr letters testimonials under theyr seale to hym that they shall so approue, upon lyke peyne to them that occupie contrary to this acte (as is above sayde) to be leuied and employed after the forme before expressed. 5[ Prouyded alway, that this acte nor any thynge therin contayned, be preiudiciall to the uniuersities of Oxforde and Cambrydge or eyther of them, or to any priuileges graunted to them. This Act seems to have invested the Bishops, etc., with the power of licensing all Surgeons, and if so, would have taken away that privilege from our Company ; the point is however doubtful, and I am inclined to think that the Act did not operate to the prejudice of the L j4 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Company, only in so far as it suffered from the existence of another licensing authority. Mr. D'Arcy Power has pointed out that the Act very soon became unpopular, and that it was almost immediately practically repealed by another one, which provided that it should be " lawful to any person being the king's subject, having knowledge or experience of the nature of herbs, etc., to minister in and to any outward sore or wound according to their cunning." (Memorials of the Craft of Surgery, p. 85.) This latter Act, which in its effect would flood the land with quacks, must however have remained the law until the Act of 32 Hen. VIII, whereby the Barber- Surgeons were reinstated in their ancient rights; and it is the fact, that down to the 1 8th Century the Ecclesiastics claimed and enforced their rights (under the Act 3 Hen. VIII) to license Surgeons, notwithstanding other Acts passed since then, which although not expressly extinguishing their power, certainly did not save it. The Barber-Surgeons' Company seem to have examined the Surgeons, and, if approved, to have given a certificate under Seal, which was presented to the Bishop who thereupon issued his licence. This practice was not however universal, and I think only applied to some Surgeons who were not free of the Company. In some cases the Bishop licensed Surgeons, without reference to the Company, and thousands have been licensed by the Company without regard to the Bishop. It is almost impossible to say now what course was followed, the practice certainly varying with the times (see Surgery). 15 13. In this year an Act of Parliament was passed exempting Surgeons from juries, inquests, etc. This must have been passed in c/imials of the Barber-Surgeons. 75 the interest of the Surgeons' Guild, as the Barber- Surgeons were surely exempt under their Charter from Edward IV. 1 5 12. The Barbers' Company having applied to the King (Henry VIII) for a confirmation of their Charter, their request was acceded to. Henry is, on more than one occasion, spoken of in the books as "our patron," and there is no doubt but that he was very friendly both to our Company and to individual members of it, as witness his gift of the grace cup, and the legacies in his will to various members of the Company, with some of whom, as Pen, Harman, Ayliff, etc., he was on as intimate terms as a king could be with a subject ; there would therefore be, we may be sure, but little difficulty in obtaining an Inspeximus. In one of our Minute Books, Thomas Knot (Master 1555) has transcribed what purports to be a copy of Henry's Inspeximus Charter with the date 12 th of May "in the xviij th yere of our Reigne" (/.£'., 1526), and he appends a certificate that he has compared and agreed it with the original ! Now we possess the original at Barbers' Hall and it is dated 12 th March 3 rd Henry VIII (i.e., 15 12), and it would indeed be a strange thing for Henry VIII in 1526 to recite and confirm Henry VII's Charter, when he had already done so in 15 12. More- over I have searched the Patent Rolls and whilst there is no record in 1526, there is the entry of the 1512 Charter, and further to fix the date, both Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth in their Inspeximus Charters recite the 1 5 1 2 Charter. It has been necessary to enter into this detail, as the date of the Charter is important when we come to consider Holbein's picture ; and as my friend Mr. D'Arcy Power has (p. 338) quoted this pretended Charter not having seen the real one, he, very naturally trusting old yo oAnnaU of the Barber-Surgeons. Thomas Knot's statement, has fallen into the pit dug some three hundred years ago. The following is the Text of the Charter, and it will not be necessary to append a translation, as it follows much on the same lines as that of Henry VII : — Henricus dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie Omnibus ad quos presentes Ire pVenerunt saltifi Inspeximus litteras patentes domini H. nuper R''gis Anglie septum patris nostri precarissimi de confirmacione factas in hec verba Henricus dei gracia Teste me ipo apud Westmonasterium quinto die Decembr Anno regni nfi quinto decimo. Nos autem litteras predictas ac omnia & singula in eisdem contenta rata hentes &: grata ea pro nobis & heredibus nris quantum in nobis est acceptamus & appro bamus ac dilectis ligeis nris Johi Peerson Witto Kyrkeby Thome Gybson & Thome Martyn nunc Magistris sive Gubernatoribus mistere Barbitonsorum et Sirurgicorum infra Civitatem nrsim predictam & eorum successoribus per presentes ratificamus & confirmamus sicut Ire predicte ronabiliter testantur. In cujus rei testimonium has Iras nriis fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipo apud Westmonasterium duodecimo die Marcii Anno regni nri tercio. VONO. pro viginti solidis solutis in Hanap'^io. The Great Seal, though still pendant, has been considerably damaged. 1525. This year the Company received a Precept from the Mayor, ordering them to provide for the " Midsummer Watch." To the Wardens of the Barber Surgeons, We woll and charge you that for the hounour of this Citie ye do ordeyne & p'pare ageinst the watches to be kept within this Citie in the nightf^ of the vigilles of Sent John Baptist & Seint Peter nowe next comynge iiij honest & comely p°sones suche as ye will answere for, w' Bowes & arrowes clenely harneysed and arrayed yn Jakettf of whytte, havynge tharmes of this Citie, to waytte and attende uppon us in the said Watches, And to come to Blackwell Hall and there to be, for the not fayllynge hereof as ye tendre the honour of this Citie and also will answere at your pells. Gyven in the Guihall of the said Citie the xiiij day of Junij the xvij year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne lorde King Henry the viij"'- c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. yy An Acl of Parliament was passed in the 20th Henry VII, which provided that the governing bodies of Guilds should not make any by-laws or ordinances, without the same should be approved by the Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, and the Chief Justices of the King's Bench and Common Pleas, or any three of them, etc., and in 1530 our Company, being desirous of settling many points for the government of the mystery, drew up a long set of interesting Ordinances, which were presented to Sir Thomas More the Chancellor, Sir John Fitzjames and Sir Robert Norwiche the Chief [ustices, and were signed by them on the 14th May, 1530. The original (with More's autograph) is at the Hall, and after reciting: the Act of 20th Henry VII, ordains the following oaths and articles :— The oath of a freeman. The oath of the Masters and Governors with directions as to searches. Ordinance as to attending on summons. ,, quarterage. presentation of apprentices. number of servants to be kept by freemen and liverymen. wages of servants. enticing away of servants. opening shop. teaching the mystery to any but apprentices. sueino- brother freemen at common law. " opprobrios condicions or dishonest wordes." refusal to come on the Livery, and admission into the Livery. Sunday trading. presenting patients in danger of death. reading Lectures concerning Surgery. yS eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Ordinance as to supplanting another of his patient. ,, ,, the Dinners. excess of words in debate. „ departing from the Common assembly, seniority. ,, ,, Barbers setting up shop. Sir Thomas More's Ordinances, as above, will be found in full in the Appendix B, the transcript being made from the original. 1 1540. This year is one of the most memorable in the annals of the Barber-Surgeons, as it witnessed the union of the unincorporated Guild of Surgeons, with their more accredited fellow-craftsmen, the incorporated Company of Barbers. It has been suggested by more than one writer that such an union is shrouded in mystery, difficult of explanation, and that in those days, with science advancing (slowly, it is true), it might have been expected that we should read of a divorce- ment, rather than a combination of two crafts, which then, as now, were dissimilar both in their operations, and in the training and intelligence necessary for their practice. But it is essential to bear in mind that though the Charter of Edward IV was ostensibly to the Barbers, it really was granted to a fraternity, which to a great extent practised as Barber-Surgeons, some of whom were Surgeons pure and simple, others combined both branches, while others still carried on the more humble craft of Shavers and Hair-Dressers ; those of the Company who practised Surgery did no doubt consider it a reproach to be dubbed " Barbers," and for distinction sake called themselves and were well known as " Barber-Surgeons," indeed they had so far established this title to 1 The copy of these Ordinances given by Mr. D'Arcy Power (p. 339) is taken from one made by our old friend Thomas Knot, and is not literally, though it is substantially, accurate. c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 79 themselves and to their Company, as to get it recognised and so named in the Inspeximus Charter of Henry VII (less than forty years after their original Charter as " Barbers" had been granted to them). This is to a great extent confirmed by the words of the Act now about to be referred to, which distinctly says that there was then a Company of " Surgeons occupy inge and exercisynge the sayde scyence and faculty of surgery commonly called the Barbours of London." The Union therefore was not a joining of Barbers with Surgeons (that had existed from the earliest times), but was the consolidation of the "Guild of Surgeons" with another body of Surgeons who were incorporated, and practised under the name of " Barbers " in conjunction with actual working Barbers ; and, as the Act provided what the Surgeons should and should not do, and the like as to actual Barbers, limiting their operations also, most if not all difficulty and apparent incongruity in the union seems to vanish. The Act (32 Hen. VIII, cap. 42) which will well repay perusal, settled the Barber-Surgeons in their corporate capacity for many a long year ; under it the old rival society disappeared, it being declared that the two Companies should be united, so that by their assembling together, the science of Surgery might be fostered and improved ; whereupon it was enacted that they should be incorporated under the style of " The Maisters or Governours of the Mystery and COMMINALTE OF BARBOURS AND SURGEONS OF LONDON." The property of the old Company of Barbers was handed over to the new Corporation (the Guild of Surgeons are not said to have had any property to bring into the new concern). The usual grant of a common seal, of power to plead and to be impleaded, to hold lands, etc., will be seen at large in the Act. The Surgeons of the Company were to be exempt from bearing armour or being put into watches and inquests. So oAiiuals of the Barber-Surgeons. The dead bodies of four malefactors were assigned to the Company yearly for dissections. And, inasmuch as various persons exercising the faculty of Surgery used to take into their houses for cure, people afflicted with the pestilence and other contagious diseases and " do use or exercise barbari, as washynge or shavyng and other feates there- unto belonging," 1 the same was declared "veraie perillous," and it was enacted that no one using the faculty of Surgery should practise Barbery, and that no Barber should practise any point in Surgery, the drawing of teeth only excepted. The Surgeons were to exhibit a sign in front of their houses, and no Barber was to exercise his calling unless free of the Company. Four Masters were to rule the Company, whereof two were to be Barbers and two Surgeons. A penalty was named for offenders against the articles, all were to pay scot and lot, and private persons might keep their own Barber or Surgeon, without interference by the Company. The Act was passed on the 24th July, 1540, and will be found in Appendix C. being taken from the original Black-letter copy in the Author's possession. We now refer to the Company's chief treasure, the Holbein picture, and are at once met with a difficulty ; does it represent the granting of a Charter to the Company? if so, the year was 15 12 ; or does it illustrate the union of the Barbers and Surgeons by Act of Parliament ? if so, the year was 1540. The picture exhibits a Charter with the Great Seal pendant, and has always been popularly known and described as the "granting of the Charter to the Barber-Surgeons." On the other hand, however, the King was but 21 years of age in 15 12 and 49 years in 1540, which latter age accords with the picture; moreover, Vicary, 1 Here we have the common practice of the joint craftsman, the " Barber-Surgeon.'" clearly indicated. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Si Ayleff, Harman, and the others represented, were members of the Court in the latter year, but not in 15 12. These considerations are sufficient to demolish the "Charter" theory, and point to the hypothesis that it is the Union of the Barbers' Company with the Guild of Surgeons, accomplished by Act of Parliament in 1540, which is commemorated, but then we must admit a licence on the part of Holbein (which deceived no one at the time), when he indulged his artist's fancy by putting into the King's hand a Charter with seal pendant, instead of an Act of Parliament, which latter would not indeed have been the King's function to hand to the Company, and would probably, if represented, have been depicted as a mere roll, and not therefore so artistic or effective as a Charter with a Seal in the King's hand. The Act received the Royal Assent 25th July, 1540; this would be towards the close of the year of John Pen's mastership. Vicary, who is receiving the Instrument, was Master from September, 1 54 1, to September, 1542 ; there is every probability that the painting was executed during his year of office, and that is why Holbein paid him the compliment of putting him in the chief position in the painting, which after all was intended, not as a strictly historical, but rather as a commemorative picture. The picture is 10 feet 2 inches long by 5 feet 11 inches high, painted on oak panel and contains nineteen figures ; it represents a room in the palace (said to have been Bridewell), which is hung with beautiful tapestry and appears to have been gilded ; the King is seated on a throne, his age apparently about fifty, the complexion florid, the hair sandy, the eyes small but animated and restless ; the expression on the countenance is impatience, and he seems thrusting the document hastily into the hand of Thomas Vicary, who receives it kneeling, on M 82 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. his left ; the face altogether might be pronounced handsome, were it not for the low forehead and contracted eyebrows ; he has on his left thumb a signet ring, and other rings on the first and fourth fingers of his right hand with which he holds a sword of state resting on his knee ; on his head is a jewelled crown ; on his left leg the garter, and round his neck the collar of the Order ; the mantle is short and of crimson velvet ; all these ornaments are most beautifully executed and are as fine as miniature painting ; every hair of his head is distinct, and the texture of his robe is finely given ; his impatience seems to have warmed him, and the rising colour flushing over his face is most admirably painted. On the King's right are three grave and closely shaved personages on their knees. The first is Dr. John Chambre, one of the Royal Physicians, he is represented in a skull cap and furred gown, the sleeves very large and in which his hands are enwrapped ; from the expression of his countenance it would seem that he was anything but pleased with the provisions of the Act, as the face has a sullen and discontented look; next to him is the celebrated Dr. William Butts, also one of Henry's Physicians, and behind him is Thomas Alsop, the Royal Apothecary, his hair is long and lank, and features coarse and hard. On the King's left are fifteen members of the Court on their knees, and in livery gowns, evidently specially sumptuous for the occasion, being of brocaded or damask silk, trimmed with fur, and each man wears a livery hood of red and black upon his shoulder. The first of these is Thomas Vicary, Serjeant- Surgeon, who wears a gold chain ; next comes Sir John Ayleff, Surgeon to the King, also with a gold chain and a ring on his finger, the next is Nicholas Simpson, King's Barber, who, like Vicary and Ayleff, wears a skull cap, all the others have their heads bare. Then comes Edmund Harman, King's Barber, and one of the Witnesses to Henry's Will, he wears a gold oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Sj chain; next him is James Monforde, King's Surgeon, then John Pen, the King's Barber, and Nicholas Alcocke; the expression on the countenances of all these men is grave and solemn ; the next, Richard Ferris, who has a somewhat merrier face, and was also King's Surgeon, completes the front row. The moustaches and beards of the whole, including the King, would appear as if they had had great care and attention bestowed upon them. Of the remaining seven figures in the back row, the names of but two have been preserved, viz., Christopher Salmond and William Tilley. This picture of Holbein's is not surpassed, if indeed it is equalled, by any other of that master, every part is most elaborately and delicately finished ; the position of none of the figures is constrained, and there is no attempt at theatrical effect, yet every person represented is in action, the colouring is chaste, and kept down, nor is there any of that hardness and stiffness often observed in Holbein's pictures. Its reputation has been truly said to be world-wide, whilst it has been eulogistically described by some one to be " as glowing as a Titian, and minutely faithful as a Gerard Dow." * The names of the persons represented have been somewhat rudely affixed to their effigies, probably a few years after the picture was painted, and whilst we cannot but deplore the dis- figurement, it is more than compensated for, as the means of identification of so many of our illustrious predecessors. The tablet, with inscription, has been said to be of later date than Holbein's work, and to have been painted over a window, through which was once seen the old church of St. Bride ; this, however, 1 fart of the above description has been adapted from an anonymous paragraph, which I found interleaved in Allen's History of London, at the Guildhall Library. M 2 84 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. is most improbable, as it is personally dedicatory to Henry. The inscription is as follows : — ENRICO OCTAVO OPT MAX: UEGI AXGLI.E FRANCI.E ET HIBERXT.E FIDEI DF.FENSORI AC AXGLICAN.E HIBERNIC.EQ ECCLESLE PROXIME A CHRISTO SVPREMO CAPITI SOCIETAS CHIRVRGORVM COMMVNIBVS VOTIS H.^C CONSECRAT. RESTIOR ANGLORVM PESTIS VIOLAVERAT OKBEM INFESTANS ANIMOS CORPORIBVSQVE SEDENS HANC DEVS INSIGNEM CLADEM MISERATVS AB ALTO TE MEDICI MYXYS JVSSIT OBIRE BOXI LVMEX EVAXGELII FVLVIS CIRCVMVOLAT ALIS PHARMACON AD FECTIS MEXTIBVS ILLVD ERIT CONSILIOQ TVO CELEBRANT MONVMENTA GALEN] ET CELERI MORBVS PELLITVR OMNIS OPE XOS IGITVR SVPPLEX MEDICORVM TVRBA TVORVM HANC TIBI SACRAMVS RELIGIOXE DOMVM MVNERIS ET MEMORES QVO XOS IIEXRICE BEASTI IMPERIO OPTAMVS MAXIMA QVE QVE TVO. TRANSLATION. To Henry the Eighth, the best and greatest King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and next to Christ, supreme head of the Church of England and Ireland, the Company of Surgeons dedicate these, with their united prayers. A grievous plague had ravaged the region of England, Afflicting man's spirits and penetrating his frame ; God, pitying from on high this remarkable scourge Commanded thee to perform the office of a good physician. The light of the gospel flies around on glowing wings, This will be the balm to enfeebled minds : Whilst the disciples of Galen meet to raise a monument to thee, And all disease is swiftly dispelled by thy power. We, therefore, a suppliant band of thy Physicians, Solemnly dedicate this house to thee, And mindful of the favour with which thou, O Henry, hast blessed us, Invoke the greatest blessings on thy rule. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 85 The following fragmentary notices of the persons represented in the picture, will be found of some interest. The first figure to the left is Thomas Alsop ; he was the King's Apothecary, and Henry VIII, by his will, left him ioo marks. Next to him is Dr. William Butts, one of the King's physicians, ever famous for his memorable interference with the King on behalf of Archbishop Cranmer in 1544, when the Roman Catholic party in the Council endeavoured to procure Cranmer's committal to the Tower. A full account of this incident will be found in Strype's Memorials of Cranmer (Oxford Ed., 18 12, pp. 1 77-181), and Shakespeare in his play of Henry VIII (act v., sc. 2) has also graphically described it. Cranmer's Secretary, aware of Butts' great influence with the King, sent for the Doctor, and acquainted him with the slight which had been put upon the Archbishop by keeping him standing in the ante-room of the Council Chamber among lacqueys and servingmen, upon which Butts immediately repaired to the King, and said : — '• I'll show your Grace the strangest sight, " The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury : " Who holds his State at door, 'mongst pursuivants, " Pages and foot boys." whereupon Henry replies, — " Ha ! 'tis he indeed ! " Is this the honour they do one another? " Tis well there's one above them. Yet, I had thought " They had parted so much honesty among 'em " (At least good manners) as not thus to suffer " A man of his place and so near our favour, " To dance attendance on their lordships' pleasures, " And at the door too, like a post with packets, ' By Holy Mary ! Butts, there's knavery. " Let them alone, and drawn the curtain close : '• We shall hear more anon." 86 c/Jniials of the Barber-Surgeons. Henry spoke his mind so freely to the Council, that they one and all shook hands with the Archbishop, and, as Strype says, " Never more durst any man spurn him during King Henry's life." Dr. Butts must have had the best practice of any man of his time ; there are several references to him among the State papers at the Record Office, of which the following are a few examples, and indicate that his patients were the aristocracy of the day. 25th May, 1524. Among the funeral expenses of Sir Thomas Lovell, K.G., is this item: — "To John Hewson, riding to Cambridge, to fetch Dr. Buttes when my master was sick, 4s. 8*/." 2Sth April, 1525. The Duke of Norfolk, writing to Cardinal Wolsey, says that last night at 7 o'clock the Lord Marney was "drawyng the draghts of deth, and Mr. Butts determyned he shuld not lyve after 5 owrys " (hours). 14th October, 1525. A warrant was signed by Wolsey, directed to Sir Andrew Windsor, for delivery to Dr. Butts, who had been appointed physician to my lady Princess, of a livery in blue and green, in damask for himself, and in cloth for his two servants. 17th May, 1528. In a letter from the Duke of Norfolk to Wolsey, the Duke says that Mr. Butts had come to him from the King, without whose aid he thought that he should not have recovered from his sickness. 23rd June, 1528. In a letter from Brian Tuke (to Cardinal Wolsey) he speaks of an infection which had been much about of late, and how the King told him that Mistress Ann Boleyn and my lord Rochford both have had it ; what jeopardy they have been in, by the turning in of the sweat before the time ; of the endeavour of Mr. Buttes who hath been with them in his return ; and finally of their perfect recovery. 1 9th January, 1 530. A letter from De Augustinis, written from the palace at Esher, to Cromwell, desires that Dr. Butts or Dr. Walter Cromer may be sent to the Cardinal and requesting that Balthazar the physician, may be spoken to, to obtain some leeches ; no time was to be lost and the doctors were to bring with them some vomitive electuary. Dr. Butts was a personal friend of Henry's, who, in 1537, granted him the manor and advowson of Thornage, in Norfolk. He c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. Sy died 17th November, 1545, and lies buried in Fulham Church, where there is (or was) a monument to his memory. Next to Butts, and immediately to the King's right, is Dr. John Chambre ; he was physician to and a great favorite of Henry's, holding several clerical preferments as well. He was a Fellow and Warden of Merton College, Oxon, where he was admitted Doctor of Physic, 29th October, 1 53 1. In the list of persons to whom Wolsey, in 1526, assigned lodgings at the King's house, when they should repair thither, occurs the name of Dr. Chambre. There is also a catalogue of the King's new year's gifts, in 1528, by which it appears that the Doctor had a piece of plate weighing 24^3 ozs., at the same time the Cardinal's gift was 40% ozs., and that of the Archbishop 31 ozs. In Brian Tuke's letter (23rd June, 1528), before referred to, he tells Wolsey that when he called on the King with his letters, he found him in " secret communication with his physician, Mr. Chambre, in a tower, where he sometimes sups apart." Dr. Chambre was Dean of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, Canon of Windsor, Archdeacon of Bedford, Prebendary of Comb and Harnham in Salisbury Cathedral, Treasurer of Wells Cathedral, and beneficed in Somersetshire and Yorkshire. Truly the lines had fallen unto him in pleasant places ! He was one of the physicians in attendance on Queen Jane, at the birth of Edward VI, and in a letter written by him to the Privy Council, concerning the Queen's critical state, he signs himself " priest." He was also in attendance on Anne Boleyn, in her confinement with Elizabeth. His name is mentioned with that of Linacre and three others, in the Charter to the College of Physicians, in 15 18. 88 c/Jmmls of the Barber-Surgeons. Sir William Compton, K.G., in 1522, nominated Dr. Chambre one of his executors, in conjunction with the Bishop of Exeter, and Sir Henry Marney, Lord Privy Seal. Dr. Chambre built a " very curious cloyster," in St. Stephen's Chapel, which cost him 11,000 marks, and he gave the canons of that chapel some lands. He died in 1549. On the King's left is, first, Thomas Vicary (sometimes Vicars and Vyccary), Master of the Barbers in 1530, and of the Barber- Surgeons in 1 54 1, 1546, 1548 and 1557. He was a man of great eminence in his profession, having been Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and Serjeant-Surgeon to Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. He was the author of "The Profitable Treatise of Anatomy" in "The Englishman's Treasure, with the true Anatomie of Man's Body." An account of Vicary will be found in D'Arcy Power, pp. 102, etc., and several particulars relating to his connection with St. Bartholomew's Hospital, are recorded in a paper by Dr. Norman Moore (Hospital Reports, vol. xviii, pp. 333-358) ; see also Dr. Furnivall's exhaustive account (Early English Text Society). Next comes Sir John Ayleff (Aylif, Aylyff, etc.). He was Master of the Barbers in 1538, and Surgeon to the King, with whom he was doubtless on terms of friendship, as Henry bequeathed him 100 marks. Ayleff treated Henry for fistula and cured him, at Brinkworth in Wilts, for which the King bestowed upon him a great estate there in gratification. He subsequently became a Merchant of Blackwell Hall, Sheriff of London in 1548, and Alderman of Bridge Without in 1550. 17th July, 1550. In the Repertories of the Court of Aldermen is a Record that the Court of the Barber-Surgeons gave their assent oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 89 to the Translation of Sir John from theirs to the Grocers' Company, of which Company he was crowned Upper Warden 9th June, 1556. Sir John Ayleff was buried 20th October, 1556, in the Church of St. Michael Bassishaw, where there was formerly a marble tomb with this inscription thereon — In Chirurgery brought up in youth, A Knight here lyeth dead ; A Knight and eke a Surgeon such As England seld hath bred. For which so soveraigne Gift of God Wherein he did excell, King Henry VIII call'd him to Court, Who lov'd him dearly well. God gave the Gift, the King gave Goods, The Gift of God t'enhance ; Where God and such a Prince do joyne, Such Man hath happy Chance. King Edward for his service sake, Bade him rise up a Knight, A name of Praise and ever since He, Sir John Ailiffe hight, Right Worshipful, in name and charge In London lived he than, In Blackwell Hall the merchant chiefe First Sheriffe, then Alderman. The Hospitals bewaile his death The Orphan children mone, The chiefe Erector being dead And Benefactor gone. Dame Isabel who lived with him, His faithful Wife and Mate, With him (as dearest after death) Doth not her Knight forsake The Knight the 24' of October. Yeelded up his breath, And she soon after followed To live with him in death. 19 April, 1558. My lady Aylyff gave a fyne table cloth of damaske worcke to srve for the uppermost table in the hawle the w ch of her jentyllness she gave frely unto this hawle. John Ayleff (son of the Knight) was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, 3rd June, 1552. Next to Sir John Ayleff, is Nicholas Simpson, concerning whom nothing is known to me, but that he was " King's Barber," and Master of the Barbers in 1537. Probably a mistake for 14th. N qo ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. Edmund Harman, " King's Barber," follows next ; he was admitted to the freedom in 1530, and served Master in 1540. Henry VIII bequeathed him 200 marks, and he was one of the attesting witnesses to the King's will. There are several references to him among the State Papers and Household Ordinances. His dignified bearing and expression in the picture are very striking. James Monforde (or Mumford), " King's Surgeon," is next ; he was Upper Warden in 1540 and again in 1543, but never served as Master. He gave the Company their silver hammer, still used by the Masters in presiding at Courts. Then comes John Pen (Penn or Penne), " King's Barber," and Groom of the Privy Chamber ; he was admitted to the freedom in 1527 and was Master 1539. He married Lucy, daughter and heiress of Edmond Chevall, of Coddicote, Herts, by whom he had a good estate and seven children (vide Harl. Soc. Pub. xxii., 82 & 116). In Liber Niger Domus Regis (Harl. MS. 642) among the orders made for the regulation of the Household of Henry VIII was one, that none but fifteen persons whose names are specified should be allowed to enter the Privy Chamber, and one of these is John Penne. The following quaint regulation, concerning the King's Barber, is to be found in the same MS. — Item. It is alsoe ordcyncd that the Kingf Barbor shalbe daylie by the Kingf upriseinge readdye and attendant in the Kingf Privye Chamber there haveinge in reddynesse his Water Basons Knyvesf Combes scissourf and such other stuffe as to his Roome doth appertaine for trymminge and dressinge of the Kingf heade and bearde. And that the sayd Barbour take a speciall regarde to the pure and cleane keepinge of his owne p'son and apparrell useinge himselfe allwayes honestlye in his conversationne withoute resortinge to the Companye of vile personnes or of misguided woemen in ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 9/ avoydeinge such daunger as by that meanes hee might doe unto the Kingf most Royall person not fayling thus to doe uppon payne of looseinge his Roome and farther punnishement at the Kingf pleasure. In this MS. is also to be found an earlier order, of the time of Edward IV touching the King's Barber, which is curious, as indicating that Saturday night was then (as still it is with many) " tub night " with the King ; and we may also infer from the expression " if it please the King to cleanse his head, legs or feet," that it was not a fixed rule for him to do so every Saturday night. A Barbour for the Kingis most highe and drad p'son to be taken in this Court, after that he standeth in degree gentleman yoman or groome. It hath bin much accustomed to one or two well knowne officers of the Ewrie in housold Daily of such as bene for the monthe Sergeant or othir. Also we finde how this hath bene used amonge by a weele betrusted yoman of chain bre ffor lacke of cunning of these other men. It is accustomed that a knight of the Chambre or elles squire of the bodie or both be p'sent every time when the Kinge wolle shave. This Barbour shall have every satterday night if it please the Kinge to cleanse his head leggf or feete and for his shaveing two lovis ' one pitcher wine. And the usher of chambre ought to testifie if this be necessary dispensed or not. It is said that the portrait of Pen was greatly admired by Sir Robert Peel, who frequently came to the Hall to look at it, and who is reported to have offered the Company ,£2,000 for the head, if it might be cut from the picture, he undertaking to make good the damage ! He is also alleged to have said at one of his visits, that he should like to sleep on the table at the Hall, so that the first thing he would see on waking in the morning might be Pen's head. Had Sir Robert known the legend 2 of the table he would perhaps have suggested a different bed. Henry VIII left, by his Will, 100 marks to Pen. Concerning the next man, Nicholas Alcocke, nothing is known beyond that he was Surgeon to Edward VI, and was admitted to the 1 Loaves. - Said to have been part of the dissecting table ! N 2 c)2 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. freedom in 1523. He was doubtless a member of die Court, though he never served as Warden. The last on the front row is Richard Ferris (or Ferrers), Master in 1563 and Serjeant-Surgeon to Elizabeth. Like others of his brethren, he also benefited under Henry's will, to the extent of 100 marks, and was one of the King's Surgeons. In the back row are seven figures, but of these the names of only two survive, viz., William Tylley, Upper Warden 1546, and Christopher Samon (Salmon, Sammond), admitted to the freedom in 1528, and Master in 1553. By Domestic Papers, Henry VIII, vol. 5, p. 690, it appears that one Christopher Samon was living in Lombard Street in 1532 : this might be the same man. 29 August, 1668. Dear old Samuel Pepys visited us this day, and thus records his intentions and opinion concerning the picture — And at noon comes by appointment Harris to dine with me : and after dinner he and I to Chyrurgeons Hall, where they are building it new, very fine ; and there to see their theatre, which stood all the fire, and which was our business, their great picture of Holben's, thinking to have bought it by the help of Mr. Pierce,' for a little money : I did think to give ^200 for it, it being said to be worth ^1,000 ; but it is so spoiled that I have no mind to it, and is not a pleasant, though a good picture. James I seems to have entertained a high opinion of this picture, and borrowed it of us to be copied : his letter applying for it is preserved at the Hall, and is as follows. James R. Trustie and welbeloved Wee greete you well. Where we are informed of a Table of painting in yo r Hall wherein is the Picture of o r Predecesso' of famous memorie K. Henry the 8 th , together with diverse of yo r Companie, w ch being both like him, and 1 James Pierce (or Pearse) Surgeon to Charles II and to the Duke of York. Master in 1675 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 93 well done, Wee are desirous to have copyed. Wherfore o r pleasure is that you presently deliver it unto this bearer Our Welbeloved Servant S r Lionell Cranfield Knight, One of Our Maisters of Requests, whome Wee have commaunded to receave it of you and to see it w th all expedition copied and redelivered safely ; and so Wee bid you farewell. Given at Our Court at Newmarket the 13 th day of Januarie 1617.' The Court of course agreed to lend the picture, though doubtless with some misgivings ; contrary however to the practice of the time when money was "lent" to the King, it found its way back to the Hall. In 1627, Charles I, a more suspicious borrower than his father, had it to Whitehall, but here again we fortunately had it returned. The Royal College of Surgeons possess some Cartoons, from which, it has been said, this picture was painted ; this is, however, very doubtful. Some particulars as to these Cartoons may be seen in Mr. D'Arcy Power's book, p. 96. In 1734 the Company agreed with Mr. Bernard Baron for him to engrave the picture for 150 guineas, and several details relating thereto are recorded in the Minutes. It was published in 1736, and is a faithful reproduction, much sought after by collectors. Baron has however copied the picture, exactly as he saw it on to the copper- plate, so that when the impressions were struck off, everything was reversed. His original study, a red crayon, beautifully executed, is preserved in the Court Room, and the copperplate is still used, each Assistant on his election being presented with a copy of the engraving. The Company also possess a rather rough proof before letters. 'i.e., 161 f. 94 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. The print is dedicated to the Earl of Burlington, with a Latin inscription, of which the following is a translation. " To the Most Noble Lord Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington and Cork, &c, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of the Garter. For the restoration, with the greatest liberality, at his own costs, of the Anatomical Theatre built a hundred years before, with the greatest skill, by the very celebrated Architect Inigo Jones, and decayed by lapse of time. This painting of Holbein representing the granting of a Charter given with his own hand by Henry VIII, King of England, &c, to the Society of Surgeons in London and preserved in their Hall, is by the Society of Surgeons of London humbly dedicated." This inscription, written at a time when the relations between the Barbers and the Surgeons of the Company were becoming strained, was evidently drawn by a Surgeon, who coolly ignored the Barbers throughout. A very good pen and ink drawing of the picture was made by Austin Travers Young (aged 16) in 1883, and presented by him to the Company, for which he received the thanks of the Court. 1537. In "Chapter House Book" B. r. (at the Record Office) is a list of the freemen of the several Companies of London at this date, which gives the names of 2,468 freemen in 39 Companies (an average of about 63 to each). The Barbers outstripped in numbers all the others, having a roll of 185 members; next to them came the Skinners with 151, then the Haberdashers with 120, so on down to the Bowyers, who mustered but 19. The premier Company, the Mercers, numbered but 55, whilst the ancient Weavers had only 30 members. zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 95 The following being members of the Nicholas Symson. Willm Kyrckby. Thomas Vycars. 1 John Bankf . John Potter. Thomas Twyn. John Johnson. John Holland. Willm Rewe. John Aylyff. Edmond Harman. John Pen. Richard Tayler. Harry Carrier. 2 Rauf Garland. John Enderbye. Peter Devismand. 3 Robert Postell. John Bird. James Tomson. Willm. Kydd. John Yong. Thomas Sutton. Charles Wyght. John Newman. Thomas Grome. Willm Higgf. John Dene. Thomas Surbutt. Willm Billing. Willm. Lyghthed. is the list of our Court, and Nichol John Raven. Robert Hutton. Henry Pemberton. Willm Shirborne. George Genne. Thomas Johnson. Robert Spegnall/ Richard Boll. 5 Nacholas Alcoke. Willm. Tylley. John Northcote. Willm. Wetyngton. Henry Yong. Cristofer Samond. Robert Waterford. Henry Atkyn. Christofer Boiling. Robert Stocdale. Mathiewe Johnson. Davy Sambroke. John Atkynson. Thomas Waryn. Robert Grove. Robert Brownhill. Willm Spencer. Thomas Butfilane. 6 Robert fforster. Edmond Tyrell. John Philpott. John Thowlmod. 7 Edward Ingalby. 8 Richard Elyott. freemen, the first twenty-six as Symson, Master that year. Thomas Wilson. John Smythe. Willm Hiller. Richard Tholmod. 9 John Awcetter. Richard Sermond. Hugh Lyncocke. John Bordman. Rauf Stek. Henry Hogekynson. John Tomson. Hugh Dier. Edward fireman. Thomas Mone. Willm Yenson. John Banester. Willm Trewise. Christofer Hungate. John Hutton. John Browne. John Grene. John Tymber. John Shrene. Thomas Staynton. Thomas Pays. Thomas Mede. John Anger. Thomas Worseley. John Gilberd. Cristofer Haynes. Willm. Smythe. Vycary. - Cazier ? :l Daiseman. ' Sprignall. b Bowie. 6 Butphillian. ; Tholmwood. s Ingolsby. " Tholmwood. 9 6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. John Mosseley. Willm. Hill. George Wenyard. John Barker. Willm. Barker. James Wod. John Stere. Willm Hetherley. Olyver Wilson. Willm. Grene. Henry Rawshold. Bartilmewe Dobynson. Henry Patterson. Philip Pegott. Robert Uownys. Antony Barowes. James Hogeson. Robert Wevir. John Surbut. Willm Sewell. John Denys. John Page. Robert Dodwell. John Cutberd. John Gray. Willm. Dauntese. Thomas Appilton. John Cragell. Thomas Arundell. Willm. Johnson. Henr'. Adam. Willm. Downham. Rogier Skynner. John Gerard. Richard Rogiers. Thomas Dicson. Thomas Gylman. Thomas Dester. Edward Hewett. John Dormot. George Batman. Thomas Vivian. George Brightwelton. John Waren. John Greenway. John Bell. Laurens Mollyners. John Cobbold. Willm. Draper. Richard Smythe. Robert Ledf . John Gamlyn. Thomas Cutbert. Robert Chamber. Lewis Bromefeld. Richard Worseley. John Oskyn. John Robynson. Richard Coley. John West. Willm. Welfed. John Smerthwaite. John Lybbe. George More. Thomas Burnett. John Hamlyn. Richard Child. Thomas Baily. George Vaughan. Thomas Wetyngh'm. John Bonair. Richard Cokerell. Willm. Walton. Geferey ffraunceis. Thomas ffayles. John Edlyn. John Samond. Henry Bodeley. Thomas Stanbrige. Willm. Borrell. Richard Nicols. Edward Hughbank. John Charterane. Henry Wotton. Robert Hastyng^. Alex Mason. Thomas Darker. Thomas ffyshe. Edward Rollesley. John Braswell. Willm. Symsyn. The forty-two names following the Court and ending at John Awcetter were Liverymen, the remaining hundred and seventeen being Yeomanry. 1543. A few years previously the King had set the example of wearing his hair and beard short, and now the City seems to have oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 97 discountenanced long beards, as I find the following in Letter Book Q. 87. (10th July, 35 Henry viij.) An acte agavnst ( bearded men. ) Item for dyv°se & sundrye consyderacons & causes movyng this Corte it is this daye orderyd & decreid & establyshed by the same that from henseforward there shall no Cytezen or other inhitunte" of this Cytie usyng or havyng a greate berde of more notable p'lyxitie 2 or lenght then other the seid Cytezens of this Cytie do nowe use or have hertofore of late yeres usyd to were, either be iiihited p°mytted or suffred to Receyve or take eny orphanage into his handes and custodye albeit that he wolde fynde nev° soe good suertyes for the same nor yet be admytted from henseforward to this Co'te for eny Recognita" 5 or suertye for eny suche orphange And yt is also assentyd & agreid that no p^son havynge eny such berde shalbe admytted by redemption into the lybties & fredome of this Cytie as longe as he shall were eny such berde. 1544 and 1545. In Repertory XI (at Guildhall) IT. -jf- 176, i87 a ' 22Q B " 232 and 234 are various records relating to the vexed question of the Barber-Surgeons going on inquests, bearing armour and serving as constables, from all which offices they claimed exemption under their Charters and Act of Parliament. By the earlier entry, it seems that the Wardens were warned to appear before the Court of Aldermen to shew cause why they refused to pass upon inquests, etc. ; then came a petition from the Company praying to be discharged of all offices save the Inquest of Wardmote once a year ; this does not appear to have satisfied the Authorities, and the Company were directed to draw up further Articles to be submitted to the Court of Aldermen. Great pressure was no doubt put upon the Barber-Surgeons, the result being that they 1 Inhabitant. - Prolixity. cjS zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. abandoned most of the privileges of exemption which they had claimed, and submitted a Bill of Articles, which was finally approved, and entered of record on fo. 234. A copy of this lengthy document is at the Hall, and from it it appears that on the 22nd October, 1545, the Company appeared before the Court of Aldermen as " humble Besechers" to be shorn of their privileges, the ground of their petition being "That forasmoche as some grudge and displeasure is lately sith the unyon and conjunction of their said ffelowshippes in to one entyre Company growen conteyned and taken against them and their said ffelowship, by dyverse of theire neighbours being citezeins of this citie, as they be, by reason that they your said suppliauntf" are discharged by their Charters and Act of Parliament from bearing offices, etc., "that other the Cittzeins of this citie are ellygible and lyable unto, ffor the whiche grudge and displeasure your besechers are not a little sorye. ffor the playne declaracSn thereof and for the eschewyng advoyding and utter extinguysshement of the said grudge and displeasure from hensforwarde," they are content that it shall be ordained that they shall go upon all Wardmote Inquests, but not upon any inquests between party and party {i.e., sit as jurymen in civil actions) ; that all freemen of the Company not_ practising Surgery shall be contributory to all assessments, serve as Constables and keep watches in their turn as other citizens, but that all Surgeons shall be free from bearing armour, etc. Notwithstanding this compromise, entered in the City books, it seems in course of time to have been overlooked, and, as has been previously remarked, the exemption of all freemen of the Company from juries, etc., has been claimed and allowed down to quite recent days. Yf^ffr V- j^r. jfof/l ■9" fe^.-io. <&e . it: mat, o?^ I $K, FAC-SIMILl r\ i ui-i MINUTI BOOK, 1557. {Set fi. pp.) oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 99 1550. The first of our Court Minute Books which has been preserved, commences in the 4 th Edward VI, and bears this title, ricular reward according to theire pticuler meritt and desert ; and yf yo r lordshipp and yo r brethren shalbe pleased to put in any private adventure for yo r selves in pticuler, you shalbe sure to receive according to your pporcon of the adventure, equall p>ts w lh us adventurers from the beginning, both of the comodities returned or land to be divided ; and because you shall see (being aldermen of so famous a cittie) we beare you due respect, we are contented, having but one badge of grace and favor from his Ma"°, to participate w" 1 you therein, and to make aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 2} as many of you as will adventure 50''- or more, fellow councellors from the first day w ,h us who have spent double and treble as much as is required, abidden the hazard of three sevall discoveries, w ,h much care and diligence, and many days adventure, and as yo r deputies, and yo r assistants, in yo r private wards, so shall as many of them as will adventure but 25 k present money, be made [?ties of this companie and assistants of this councell; and thus as an action concerning God and the advancement of religion, the present ease, future hon r and safety of this kingdome, the strength of o r navie, the visible hope of a great and rich trade, w* many secrete blessings not yet discovered, we commend the cause to the wisdome and zeale of yo r selfe and yo r brethren and you, and it, and us, to the holie ptection of the Almightie. The City took up the scheme heartily, a large sum was subscribed and a great number of emigrants crossed the water. The Barber-Surgeons invested ^25, but never received anything for it again. 23rd March, 1609. This daye it is ordered that the p'nt M rs shall advent' xxv 1! - uppon a Bill of Exchange for the plantacon of Virginia, of the stock of this howse. 6th January, 1609. In obedience to a precept from the Lord Mayor, ,£10 was paid to the Chamberlain, towards the construction of a Garner for the use of the City. 25th May, 1 6 10. A precept came from the Lord Mayor calling upon the Company "to be readie in yo r bardge well and richlie sett forthe before vii of the clocke in the mornino- " on the 31st January, to go to Chelsea to meet the eldest son of James I, on which occasion he was to go from Richmond to Whitehall to be created Prince of Wales ; whereupon the following minute is recorded : — At this Court a precept beinge sent from my lord Maior unto this Company w ch beinge at this Court read, the effect whereof was that our Company on Thursdaie next shalbe reddie to attend my Lord Maior in their barge for the honor of this Citie in the enterteynement of the high & mightie prince at Chelsey. It was R 2 124 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ordered that none of the Company shold be warned for this service but onely those w ch ware of the Assistaunce of the Clotheinge to goe in the Barge, the reason thereof is that a barge cold not be gotten large enough to carry the whole lyvery. 1 6 1 i . In this year came a precept from the Lord Mayor, by authority of the King, complaining of " the abuse growing by excesse and straunge fashions of apparell, used by manye apprentises, and by the inordynate pryde of mayde servaunts and women servaunts in their excesse of apparell and follye in varietie of newe fashions, and to admonish them to have a due and speciall care to see a spedye reformacon had in everye one of their servaunts." What effect this had upon the apprentices and servants of the Barber- Surgeons we are not told, but doubtless they were properly admonished. i st July, 1614. A precept was received to the effect that the King had determined to borrow .£100,000 of the City, and that the Barber-Surgeons were assessed at ^600 towards this loan, which they were to lend, or which they were coolly informed they could compound for, by an absolute fine of ^30 ! As the Court well knew that they would never again see a halfpenny of the ^600 if lent, they quickly and wisely determined to pay the ^30. Profiting by past experience, the next extracts show that the Court proceeded warily in the matter of "adventuring" in the State Lottery. 29th April, 1614. Att this Court the M r propounding how they had receaved Letters from the LordC of the privy Councell and from the lord Maior thereby exhorting & intreating them to call their assistauntes together and to admonishe the geflall body to be adventurers in the great lottery w cl ' is comyng forth, Whereupon the same Ires being considered on at this Court, it is thought fitt and ordered that the M rs shall att their pleasures call together the body of the Company, and they being gathered together, to admonish & j9swade them to be adventerers in the same Lottery. zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 25 17th October, 1614. The Court having collected a sum of money for the Lottery, it was ordered that it should not be paid to the Treasurer, Sir Thos. Smith, until the Company shall be "assured" by a Bill of Adventure under seal " for their adventure unto virgynia, as also that it shalbe published in print certeynelie when the lotterey shalbe drawen." The College of Physicians had been for many years very jealous as to the Barber-Surgeons trespassing on their preserves, and as far back as 12th November, 1595, wrote a long letter to their " verie loving freends " the Master and Wardens, cautioning the members of the Company against practising physic, and stating that no few of them were culpable in the matter, but that the College had hitherto forborne to molest or punish them ; the letter continues, " but for that we now see by daily experience that upon our lenetie and sufferance this inconvenience more and more increaseth, insomuch that both in credit and otherwise, it seemeth to touch us more neere than well can be indured ; We have therefore thought it good to put you in mynd thereof, and therewithal earnestly and freendlie to request you, that among yourselves some such discreet order may be taken heerin, that the like offence hereafter maie not be committed by them or any of theirs. Wherein if we shall perceave you as ready to fulfil our honest request, as we are willing to maintain good amytie and concord with you and your Companie, we wilbe very glad thereof and geve you thanks therefore. If not, then as we are fully minded to defend our privileges and to deal with the particular offendors therein, as order of law and our ordinances in that behalf requireth ; so we trust the body of your Societie will not be offended therewith. And so we bid you most hartelie farewell." The above letter is taken from Dr. Goodall's History of the College of Physicians. Dr. Goodall gives several instances of Barber- 126 c/J finals of the Barber-Surgeons. Surgeons and Apothecaries being fined or imprisoned for practising physic ; and, indeed, there seems to have been a strife waging between the College and the Company for a long period. 1617. The Physicians in 15 James I obtained a Charter confirming their Charter of 10 Henry viij, with several additional privileges and clauses in restraint of the privileges of the Barber- Sugeons, who thereupon petitioned the King that that Charter might not be confirmed by Act of Parliament, as the Physicians were desirous that it should be. The King on 4th February, 1620, ordered that the petitioners should be left to seek any lawful remedy either in Parliament or otherwise, as they might be advised, and accordingly on 23rd April, 1624, they presented a petition to the House of Commons, who ordered that the Physicians' Patent should be brought into the Committee of Grievances, and both parties heard by Counsel, the consequence of which was that the Physicians proceeded no further with their Bill. 1632. Later on the Physicians endeavoured again to obtain a supremacy over the Barber-Surgeons, and on 13th June, 1632, procured an Order in Council which made it incumbent upon Surgeons in certain serious and specified cases of Surgery, to call in a " learned Physitian," and to enforce this order they procured the Attorney General to exhibit a Bill in the Star Chamber in which the obnoxious clause was inserted, but on a Petition of the Barber- Surgeons complaining of the injury that would thereby accrue not only to themselves, but to the public, the King, by an Order of Court dated 22nd July, 1635, directed the clause to be struck out. After the Restoration, the Physicians again endeavoured to procure an Act of Parliament confirming their Charter, whereupon the Barber-Surgeons claimed to have a clause inserted in the Act in the c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 12J nature of a proviso that nothing therein contained should be construed to the prejudice of their privileges, and again the Physicians seem to have been checkmated, for they allowed their proposed Act to fall through. Kings' Barbers and Kings' Surgeons seem to have secured substantial benefits from their official positions, as the following notices (from Domestic State Papers at the Record Office) testify. 25th August, 1625. There is a letter of this date from Sir James Fullerton to Secretary Conway, intimating that it is His Majesty's pleasure to grant to Michael Andrews (Master 1635 and King's Surgeon) a pension of ^"150 per annum for life. 17th December, 1625. And at this date is a grant to Thomas Caldwell (Master 1627 and King's Barber). A graunt to Thomas Caldwell esq' his Mat 5 servant of ye some of one thousand poundes To be received as well out of the remainder of three hundred pounds due to his Ma ti0 by Richard Harbin sometime Collecto' of his Ma'f greenwax before his accesse to the Crowne and out of the arrerages of grenewax money then due unto his Ma ,y - As also out of the other grenewax moneys now accrewing to his Ma' 10 not being in farme. And is granted to him as of his Ma ts bounty in lieu of 800 1 ' formerly graunted unto him by his Ma ,y of w ch he received no benefitt. Subscr by Mr. Attorney Gen'all upon signification of his Ma'f pleasuere by the Lord Trer. In addition to stray grants like the above, the perquisites and fees attaching to the Office of King's Barber were very lucrative, and Mr. Caldwell must have done exceedingly well out of the following stroke of business. January, 1626. Whereas his Ma tie hath bene pleased to appoint Mr. Thomas Caldwell his Ma' 5 servant and Barber to make provisions of all such necessaries as are to be used at the Ceremony of Bathing the Kn ts of the Bath at this his Ma t,es Coronacon to be holden on the 2 d day of February next at Westm' as to his place by auntient custome belongeth I do therefore will and require all such whome it may concearne 128 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. to take notice thereof hereby for permitting him to doe and performe all such services as hath bene accustomed in that behalfe & for delivering such necessaries in kynd or allowance of money to the valeu thereof as shalbe by him required for the same according to the auntient custome heretofore used therein. The number of the said Kn' s for whome such provisions are to be made being 80, by his Ma 1,c appointed to receave that degree. Arundell & Surrey. Examined by W'" Ryley | Lancaster Herald j Mr. Caldwell does not appear to have left his widow well provided for, as we read under date 10th July, 1643 : Upon the distressed Petieon of Widdow Thamar Caldwall late Wife of M' Thomas Caldwall deceased there is given to her of the gift of this House v iu 1624 and 1625. In the minutes of this period are constant notices of the "visitation," and of "the contagious tyme." The Plague raged with great severity in London in 1625, and it is said that over 40,000 died of it in the year. The Company appear to have been very liberal in their gifts of money to any who had the least claim upon them, the relief being frequently stated to have been given by " reason of the hardnes of the tymes." , nth April, 1625. This daye the p n cept for provision of corne sent unto o r Companie by the lord Maio r of london was here read in Courte, And this Courte is fullie resolved that the present M rs doe give unto the Lord Maio r and returne him this answeare that the Companie is provided of their proportion of corne and more they are not able to provide or receive into their charge. 1628. This year the Company were compelled to "lend" the King £360, which they with great difficulty raised, the greater part being borrowed at interest to enable them to do so. They also paid £30 towards a "present" (?) of ,£5,000 given by the City to the Palsgrave (Frederick, Prince Elector Palatine, son-in- law of James I). o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 129 15th August, 1629. On this day was sealed the Company's new Charter from Charles I. It is in Latin on five large skins of parchment with the Great Seal of England pendant. There is a portrait of the King with a stiletto beard in the initial letter, and an ornamental heading along the top of the first skin. This Charter ratifies that of James I, directs that public lectures on Surgery shall be given, and confirms and somewhat varies the old regulations for the governance of the practitioners of that science. 22nd October, 1629. The Company evidently began now to kick at the numerous demands made upon its purse by the authorities, for a precept coming from the Lord Mayor demanding ,£12 10s. contribution towards a pageant, it was ordered that it be not paid until the Court was satisfied that it could be legally demanded, and enquiry made as to whether or no other Companies had paid similar contributions. 1632. The fabric of old St. Paul's being in a lamentable state of decay, the celebrated Archbishop Laud wrote a letter to the Barber-Surgeons asking a contribution towards its repair. Ever ready to assist in good works, the Company cheerfully devoted a very considerable sum towards that object, notwithstanding the comparative poverty to which they had been reduced (in consequence of the grievous impositions made upon them by the authorities in the shape of forced loans and other unconstitu- tional demands). Moreover, they recorded their benefaction, in a delightfully expressed minute, which will be found at the end of the following letter. 9th April, 1632. The letter written by William Lord Bishopp of London and directed to this Court concerneing our contribucon towardf the repaire of St Paulls S / ? o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Church in London being now much ruined was here in Court reade, the teno r whereof is as followeth, vidz' To the right worp" my very worthy ffreindf the Maister Wardeins and Assistant^ of the Companie of Barbar surgions London, theis S. in xpo.' After my verie hartie comendacons, you cannot but take notice of his Ma'f most hon ble and pious intention for the Repaire of the decayes of S' Tawles Church here in London, being the Mother Church of this Citty and Diocess, and the greate Cathedrall of this Kingdome. A greate dishono' it is not onely to this Citty but to the whole State to see that Auncient and goodly Pyle of building soe decayed as it is, but it will be a farr greater if care should not be taken to prevent the fall of it into ruin, And it would be noe lesse disgrace to Religion happily established in this Kingdome, if it should have soe litle power over the mindes of men as not to prevaile with them to keepe those eminent places of Gods service in due and decent repaire which their fforefathers buylt in tymes by their owne confession not soe full of the knowledge of gods truth as this present age is. I am not ignorant how many worthy workes have bene done of late in and about this Citty towardf the building and repayring of Churches which makes me hope that every mans purse will open to this greate and necessary worke (according to Gods blessinge upon him) soe much tending to the service of God and the hono r of this nation. The generall body of the Cittye have done verie worthily in their bounty allready as alsoe the lord Maio r Aldermen and Sheriffes severally for their owne j?sons. Theis are therefore accordinge to their examples hartily to pray and desire you the Maister Wardeins and other Assistants of the worthy Company of Barbar Surgions to contribute out of y e publicke Stock, to the worke aforesaid what you out of y r Charitye and devotion shall thinke fitt, and to pay the Summe resolved on by you into the Chamber of London at or before our Lady Day next, praying you that I may receave by any servant of yo r Companye a note what the Summe is which you resolve to give. And for this Charity of yo rs whatsoever it shall prove to be, I shall not onely give you harty thankes, but be as ready to serve you and every of you, as you are to serve God and his Church. Soe not doubting of yo r love and forwardnes to this greate worke, I leave you to the grace of God, and shall soe rest Yo r very loving ffreind Guil : London : London house, January 30. 1632. 1 Health in Christ. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. i)i And thereupon this Court deepely considering the contentf of that letter together with the j?nte mines and dilapidacons of the said Church, and as faithfull and charitable members obliged largely to contribute to soe pious and religious a worke Doe nowe order that out of the stock and revenew of this house there shalbe paid into the Chamber of london towardf the said repaire x" jJntely and x h yearely for nine yeares followeing to make it upp compleate a C" as of the free guift of this house. And if att any tyme hereafter the worke doe cease that then our payementC to cease likewise. 1633. This year the Company built a granary at the Hall, for the store of Corn. 1 2th July, 1633. A new set of By-Laws was framed and allowed by the proper authorities. These are extant on twelve great skins of parchment, more wordy and of greater length than those of 4th James I ! They are, however, very similar to those, with technical alterations and amendments here and there, and provision is made for Lectures on Surgery, demonstrations of anatomy, and for the better Examination of Surgeons. Clause 19 provides that any freemen of the mystery who shall use any arts, trades or sciences other than Surgery " shall be accepted, reputed, adjudged and taken for Barbars." Empirics and impostors were to be rigorously dealt with, and the Court was to have supervision over all Navy Surgeons, their chests, medicines and instruments. No Barbers or Surgeons were to be impressed for the Navy without license of the Court, and numerous regulations were made for the government of the Company. The document is signed by Richard Earl of Portland, Lord Treasurer ; Sir Thomas Richardson and Sir Robert Heath, the Lords Chief Justices ; the seals of the first two are still pendant, but that of Sir Robert Heath is missing. s 2 1 32 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1636. Spurred into further action for the advancement of the science of Surgery, which their extended powers under the new By-Laws had conferred upon them, the Company determined upon building a Theatre for the delivery of Lectures, and for anatomical purposes, etc. This they set about in 1636, employing the great Inigo Jones as their Architect, who about this period also designed and carried out the present beautiful Court Room or Parlour, one of the best proportioned and prettiest rooms in London. nth February, 1636. Upon the mown of o r M r to this Court concerneing the want of a publique Theater for Anatomycall exercises and Sceletons and a lesser roome for private discections, This Court doth order that if the M rs or Governo rs upon their peticon to the Lord Maio' and Aldren they have the bullwarke & long stripp of ground lieing betwixt the gould smiths tenement & clothw : tenemtf & london wall at the one end & the Companies hall & p^lor & london wall at the other end, by purchase in fee farme or a long lease from the Cittie, that then a Theater to the largenes of the upper ground betwixt the goldsmithes tenemt & the clothworkers tenem' on the one side & london wall on the other side shalbe be ovally built for the Worp' and comiditie of this Companie at the Charge of this house. The piece of ground on which it was proposed to erect the Theatre was then on lease to the Company from the City. The Lease was dated 29th March, 7 Charles I (1631), and made between the Mayor, &c, of London, of the one part and the Masters, &c, of the Barber-Surgeons, of the other part. In consideration of ,£20 paid by the Company the City leased to them "All that Tower or Bulwark and the houses Roomes and buildings therein or there- upon made or erected, And all that ground or garden plott with thappurtennces scituat lyinge and beinge in the parish of St Olave in Silver Street in the Citie of London next unto the Wall of the same Citie there of the one side, and the landes of the saide Maisters or Governors and others on the other side late in the tenure or ' Worship. INTERIOR OF COURT ROOM. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. J 3 occupacon of the right honoro lj,e Henry late Lord Wyndsor deceased or of his assignes and now in the tenure or occupacon of the said Maisters," etc., from the feast of the Annunciation, 163 1, for forty-one years at a rent of £3. The lease contained the usual covenants of a repairing lease, as also one " that neither they the saide Masters or Governors their successors nor assigns shall or will att any time or times during the said Terme suffer any Inmate or Inmates to dwell in any part of the premises afore demised." 5th May, 1636. There is an Indenture of Lease of this date made between the Mayor, &c, of London, and the Masters, &c, of the Barber-Surgeons, which after reciting the last mentioned lease proceeds: "And whereas the said Maisters or Governors of the Misterie and Comonaltie of Barbars and Surgians of London for the better enhableing of them in the Arte of Surgerie Doe intend to erect and build a decent Roome or Theatre on part of the premisses for the keeping therein A learned and constant Lecture in the Theorie and practiq5 partf of Surgerie As also to pforme their publique operacons of Anatomies and other exercises thereunto belonging, Which will be verie chargeable to them Wherein the said Maior and Cominaltie and Citizens are desirous and willinge to aide and further the saide Maisters or Governors in the setting forward of soe necessarie and comendable a worke tendinge to the generall good of the whole kingdome," wherefore the Mayor, &c, leased the said premises to the Company for a further term of 200 years upon the expiry of the lease then running, at the same rent of £3 per annum, the Lessees covenanting to build the Theatre within seven years. 1 6th May, 1636. Upon o r M rs report to this Court that the Lord Maio r & Aldren have freely graunted to this house a new lease of CC yeares comenceing from the expiraeon of o r lease now in being It is ordered with the generall consent of the whole Court here present that the Theater shalbe proceeded in and built according to the plotts drawne by his Ma'f Surveigher. i 34 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 3rd August, 1636. It is ordered by this Court that the Companies Armes with Helmett Crest supporters and mantlings shalbe sett up in Portland Stone under the Cantilaver does of the Theater being over the Windowe next the Granarye. Alsoe the mottoe viz'- Speciosum hoc Theatrum Anatomicum erectn fuit Michaei.e Andrews Chirurgo Regio ac comunioni Barbitonso^ et Chirurgo^ p° tempore pr/efecto, guardianis vero joanne warue nlcolas heath et wllhelmo huckle anno ab exhibito in carne messi^e supra millesimum sexcentesimum trigesimo sexto shalbe engraven in the voyde stone worke over the greate doore into the Theater. A plan of the Theatre is preserved in a collection of the works of Inigo Jones, at Worcester College, Oxford, and a short description of it is found in Hatton's New View of London, 1708. The curiosities in the Barber-Surgeons' museum of those days will excite a smile when compared with the collection now at Lincoln's Inn Fields. Hatton says that the Theatre was built in " an elliptical form, and commodiously fitted up with four degrees of seats of cedar wood, and adorned with the figures of the seven liberal sciences, and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Also containing the skeleton of an ostrich, put up by Dr. Hobbs, 1682, with a busto of King Charles I. Two humane skins on the wood frames, of a man and a woman, in imitation of Adam and Eve, put up in 1645 ! a mummy skull, given by Mr. Loveday, 1655. The sceleton of Atherton with copper joints (he was executed) given by Mr. Knowles in 1693. The figure of a man flead, where all the muscles appear in due place and proportion, done after the life. The sceletons of Cambery Bess and Country Tom (as they then call them), 1638 ; and three other sceletons of humane bodies." Hogarth has, in ghastly style depicted the dissection of a criminal in this Theatre, in which the skeletons above referred to are seen in niches in the wall. ESTATE IN MONKWELL STREET MONKWELL STREET 30 40 a • • eo 100 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 135 The plan of the Company's Estate, has been kindly supplied for this work by Mr. Charles John Shoppee, as surveyed by him in 1869, previous to the demolition of the old Livery Hall, Kitchen, etc. The Theatre had been pulled down in 1784, and houses erected on its site ; the Theatre is, however, shewn upon this plan, as being more interesting than the houses which supplanted it. In 1636 the Company commenced the erection of the Livery Hall and present Court Room, the work being carried out from the designs and under the superintendence of the celebrated Inigo Jones, the Livery Hall was, however, burnt in 1666, and that shown upon the plan is the one which was erected after the Great Fire. 5th September, 1636. The Plague was again abroad in London, and the Court, for fear of infection by meeting together, resolved as follows : In regard of the now greate visitacon of the plague This Court doth deferre the Courts for the daye of Rules the Vew daye i\i other publique Courts till it shall please God to cease the Sicknes. 23rd September, 1636. The Lord Mayor having requested the Company to nominate " twoe Surgians to take care of those that were infected with the plague in this Cittie & liberties," the Court thought that two was a wholly insufficient number and nominated six Surgeons to be presented to the Court of Aldermen. 2nd October, 1636. £5 was ordered to be paid in to the Chamber of London towards the relief of the poor, stricken with the Plague. 30th March, 1637. The Company were assessed to pay .£10 " ship money," whereupon an order was made that they should forbear to pay it, and a Committee appointed to wait on the Court / 3 6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of Aldermen to petition against the assessment. The application was, however, unsuccessful, as by an Order of Court, 29th March, 1638, the money was directed to be paid. 8th November, 1638. The Court of Aldermen having assessed the Company to furnish 80 quarters of corn in lieu of 60 as hereto- fore provided, it was resolved to petition against it. This would be a very important matter to the Company as the assessments for all public purposes were made upon the City Companies pro rata with their corn quarterages, and if the 80 quarters were allowed to stand, it would raise all the future assessments ^ P er cent. The result however, of the protest does not appear in the minutes. 28th October, 1640. On receipt of a precept from the Lord Mayor, it was ordered that three barrels of Gunpowder should be bought and stored. 1640. The Company unwillingly agreed to lend the King ^400, and were put to great inconvenience in raising the money, which was required by Charles for his campaign in Scotland. After several skirmishes with the Scots, the English Army was at length disbanded, and the King went himself to Scotland to negotiate the difference which had arisen by his attempted inter- ference in Church matters in that Kingdom ; he returned to London in November, 1641, and the following minute refers to the preparations made by our Company to meet him. 22nd November, 1641. Upon reading the Lord Maiors precepts for the Companyes enterteyning the King upon his returne from Scotland It is ordered that the Ma r and Wardens, Mr. Serjeant Clowes, Mr. Richard Wateson, Mr. Woodall, Mr. Powell, Mr. Burgin, Mr. Heath, Mr. Henry Wateson, Mr. Bignall, Mr. Dye, Mr. Arris, Henry Boone, and Thomas Turner, shalbe attendant on Twesday next well mounted on Horseback in plush or Velvett with Chaines of Cold, and that John Perkins oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 37 shall beare the Pendon with our Coate of Amies on Horseback and that these 18 ffree men shalbe Decently cladd in the Companyes Colours of White and Greene, each of them with a greene flatt Cap with a white Ribbon about it, a greene Cassock and Drawers of the same Stuffe Whiffler like laced with a white Lace a white ribaning and a greene Ribbin athwart theire Brests, and each of them a Truncheon in theire hands in the forenoone, and in the af'tnoone each of them 2 Torches, and these 18 to attend perticulerly one of them to each of the Horsemen, viz'- (Then follows a list of the freemen chosen.) The " Riding out " on this occasion must have been a magnificent sight, if all of the Companies spent proportionately to the outlay of ours, which was no less than ^39 ijs. icy/, upon decorations, etc., for those taking part in the procession. Strype informs us that — The Lord Mayor on horesback wearing a gown of crimson velvet & a collar of SS, and attended by his suite, rode in the front of the procession to meet the King. Then followed the Aldermen in scarlet gowns and the City council and chief officers in black gowns. Upon reaching Moorfields, there waited in a readiness to attend his Lordship and the service, about five hundred horsemen selected out of the Liveries of the several Companies, being Masters, Wardens, and prime men of each Company in velvet or plush coats and suits, with chains of gold, being well horsed and gallantly furnished, every Company having a horseman in the front carrying a pendant with that Company's arms to which he did belong (for distinction sake), and a footman to attend each horseman of the Livery with truncheons and torches as before, both horsemen with the pendants and footmen being suited cap-a-pee with the Company's colours on which they waited. There were also fourteen Trumpeters, with trumpets, banners and scarfs, who were placed two between every hundred of the horse, and four at the head of the troop. The procession moved on to Kingsland, where the Lord Mayor and Aldermen and the Companies awaited the Kings approach, while the Sheriffs attended by seventy-two men in Scarlet Cloaks trimmed with silver lace (the colours of the City) with javelins and feathers and four trumpeters, rode as far as Stamford Hill, and there met their Majesties and escorted them to Kingsland. His Majesty was accompanied by the Queen, the Prince, the Duke of York, the Princess Mary and the Prince Elector Palatine, and after receiving an address, T ijS cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. the Royal party joined the civic procession to London, entering it at Moorgate, and proceeded through London Wall, Bishopsgate Street, Cornhill and Cheapside, to the banquet at Guildhall, amidst the City Companies in their formalities and stands on each side of the streets, the City conduits running with a diversity of wines. 1643. The relations between the King and the City having become estranged in the fearful distractions of these times, Charles endeavoured to conciliate the citizens with a message, which was publicly read at Guildhall on the 13th January, and later on he sent a circular letter to the Masters of the several Companies requiring them to call their freemen and apprentices together, to read to them a copy of a letter which he had sent to the City on the 17th January. The Court of the Barber-Surgeons met on Tuesday, 24th inst., and cautiously record that they would have summoned their freemen for the next day, but that it was a fast day and that in the interim an order had come from the Committee of Safety that the letter, etc., should not be read. 24th January, 1643. The Kings Letter sent to the M rs & Wardens of this Company was read in Court and the printed Letter in it and the Cittyes Peticon and his Ma 1 '" gracious answer unto it. And but that the morrow was fast day being the last Wednesday in this Moneth the ffreemen and apprentices of this Company could not be summoned to appeare then, it should have bin read. Soe that in the Interim an Order of Comand from the Lords and Comons was directed to this Company to countermaund the said Letters in these words, Die Martis 24' Januarii, 164J. At the Comittee of Lords and Comons for the safety of the Kingdome. Whereas there are divers Letters pretended to be sent by his Ma lie to the M rs and Wardens of the severall Halls in the city of London with Two litle Bookes therein closed the one intituled The humble Petieon of the Maior, Aldermen and Comons of the City of London to his Ma'* - And the other intituled his Ma ,ies Letter and declaracon to the Sheriffes and City of London Dated the 17" 1 of January, which evidently tendeth to sedition and setting of the whole State in a Combustion. These are therefore strictly to charge & comand the M rs and Wardens of every Hall in zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 39 the City to whome the said Letters and Bookes inclosed shalbe directed to forbeare to publish or open any of them till both the Houses of Parliament shall give further order therein. And the M' s and Wardens of every Hall are required to bring the said Letters with the Messengers thereof to this Comittee which they will take to be an Argument of theire good Affection to the Parliament Pembroke Montgomery Bolingbroke Ed : Manchester W. Say & Seale Ed : Howard Jo : Evelin Jo : Pym Antho : Nicoll. 17th January, 1644. It is ordered that in respect of the greate troubles and distractions of these times there shalbe noe publique Anatomy this yeare dissected. 1644. The Company seem to have become greatly im- poverished by the venture in Ireland, the rebuilding of their premises, and the forced loans to the King and the Parliament. In a certificate given by the Master and Wardens (5th September, 1644) to be produced in a suit in which they were defendants, they state that their debts are ,£3,000, and that they can get no return of any of the money lent for public purposes, or even the interest of it. If the Stuarts acted in an unconstitutional manner in their oppressive demands upon the Companies, the Roundheads were as bad, with just this difference, that, with all their pretensions to purity, piety and high-mindedness, they did not hesitate to practise actual dishonesty in their modus operandi of squeezing the Companies, as the following painful incident from our books testifies : — The Company had borrowed from Mr. Richard Wateson, one of the Assistants, £"1,200 upon sealed bonds, for the express purpose of meeting the demands which had been made upon them by the King and Parliament from time to time. Mr. Wateson having been declared a " Papist and Delinquent," his property was seized, and the Bonds of the Barber-Surgeons, found in his strong chest, were taken to the Committee for Gloucester and Hereford, sitting at T 2 140 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Grocers' Hall. These worthies, in conjunction with the Committee for Sequestrations, came clown upon the Company and demanded payment of the ,£1,200 for which they had given their bonds to their brother, Mr. Wateson. The Court deeming this a monstrous piece of injustice, hesitated to comply, whereupon the Committees threatened to seize the Company's entire estate ; and then the Court resolved to petition Parliament, but the House not sitting for some time the petition could not be prosecuted, and the Committee being urgent, the Company most reluctantly agreed to pay down ^400 and to have the bonds cancelled. Although these shameful terms were definitely agreed upon, the Committees a few days later broke faith, demanding .£400 cash and the Company's bond for another ^"ioo, to which the Company, like the lamb with the wolf at its throat, nolens volens, consented. The iniquity of this business was made apparent to the Committees, who were well aware that the Company had incurred the debt to Mr. Wateson in order to meet the previous rapacity of themselves, and yet they hesitated not to compel the Company to submit to a further fine of ^500 for having complied with their demands in the past, besides manifesting the dishonesty proposed by them in offering to cancel the debt due by the Company to Mr. Wateson. 29th April, 1645. By the power and authority to this Court given by severall Orders of a late Court of Assistants, this Court for and towards the raiseing of the 400" agreed to be paid in part of the composicon for Mr. Watson's debt unto the the Comittee for the releife of Gloucester, &c, did pawne all the Companyes plate both guilt and white, weighing 1,120 oz. \ or thereabouts, unto Mary Crosse of London Widdow for the Sum of 280'' by a Writeing of Bargaine and Sale this day sealed with this Companyes Coirion Seale bearing date the 16"' day of this Instant Aprill with a provisoe of Redemption. And borrowed of Mr. George Dunn ioo" more at Interest at vj" 1 o' p° annum p centum for w ch he tooke the secureity of our Coinon Seale. A few years later on (14th September, 1648), Mr. Edward Arris presented to the Court a letter from Mr. Wateson, wherein was ^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons. 14 1 intimated that he expected the Company to repay him the money borrowed, the bonds for which had been seized by Cromwell's party, and for which the Company had already compounded, whereupon we read " This Court doth declare theire acknowledgement of a great respect and esteeme they have and beare towards him and shalbe ready to doe him all the right they can without prejudicing the Company"; and again on 30th April, 1650, "Mr. Richard Wateson an ancient M r of this Company Doth this day desire to know the mind of this Court concerning the 1,200'' by him lent to this Company and sequestred in this Company's hands and compounded ffor 500'' in full of principall and Interest, The matter being of great Consequence, this Court doth take time to consider of it and to give him an answer therein." What answer Mr. Wateson got, I do not know ; he was held in great esteem by the Company, and doubtless some honourable compromise was arranged. In their negotiations with the Committees, the Company seem to have been able to impress the Chairman favourably on certain occasions, though there is grave reason to apprehend that this official of the party of purity was open to a bribe, as the following minutes would seem to indicate. 27th October, 1645. The Company having been threatened with sequestration of their entire estate unless an assessment made upon them was paid on Friday following, a Committee of the Court was ordered to wait on Mr. Scawin, the Chairman of the Committee for the Army, to beg his favourable consideration of the Company's poor estate ; the result is seen in the next entry. 14th September, 1648. This Court takeing notice of the greate Love and flavour of Mr. Scawin Chaireman to the Comittee ffor the Army expressed oftentimes upon 142 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. severall occasions towards our Company Doth thinke fitt in gratitude and accordingly doth order That the present Governours doe present to him a guift of the value of vj" 13 s 4 d The quality and price of the guift is left to theire discretions. 1646. To relieve them of their great debts, the Company about this period raised considerable sums by granting annuities ; the following are examples in point : — 24th March, 1646. This day M r Nicholas Heath payd the sum of 200'' to the use of this Company and is the purchase money for an Annuity of 26" p^ aiin. for 10 yeares to himselfe and Grace his Wife Whereupon the Deed of Grant of the said Annuity was sealed with the Cofnon Seale and delivered to theire use. Alsoe this day M rU Elizabeth ffreeman payd the sum of 200" the Purchase money for the like Annuity of 26" p° aiin. for 10 yeares and the Deed for that purpose was sealed and delivered to her. On the 30th January, 1649, the King's troubles were ended by his murder, and very shortly afterwards we find this significant minute. 19th March, 1649. This Court doth order That the Oath conteyned in the Rules and Ordinances of this Company be administred unto every ffreeman upon his admission as before, The ffirst Words which doe concerne allegiance to the King and his Successors only to be left out. The banners of the Company bearing the late King's arms were destroyed, and any heraldic insignia at the Hall which contained the Royal Arms were ordered to be defaced. We may readily believe that this was most ' unwillingly done by the Court, who however, had no option in the matter. 1648-9. Fairfax had filled the City with troops, " billetting orders" being made upon the several Companies for the reception of the soldiers at their Halls. Herbert (Vol. I, p. 181) states that the Merchant Taylors were fortunate enough to procure an order of exemption which cost them .£20 10s., and further that he believed their case to be unique, but it seems that the Carpenters by means zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 143 of "Gratuities 'to sevall men of qualitie,' " amounting to ,£13 2s. 6d., managed to get free of this imposition, whilst the Barber-Surgeons procured their immunity at a much cheaper rate, for we read in the Wardens' accounts of the period, Paid fforr the charges expended in procureing a Proteccbn from the Lord General from quartering Souldiers in the hall 13 s 3 d - These notices are clear indications that Cromwell and the "men of qualitie" about him, were accustomed to take bribes. 3rd February, 1654. The City entertained Cromwell at Grocers' Hall, and our Company had to go out in procession to receive him, our "standing" being in St. Paul's Churchyard. 1660. The Barber-Surgeons contributed £96 towards a present of .£10,000 given by the City to Charles II • at the Restoration. No money exacted under precept was more willingly paid than this, and indeed the Companies generally seemed to have cheerfully contributed, delighted to have escaped the gloom of the Commonwealth, and with a prospect of brighter times in store. On the 5th July, the King was nobly entertained at Guildhall, our Company taking part in the rejoicings (see Wardens' Accounts of this date). 1666. Our Minute Books for this period having been lost or stolen, we unfortunately have no records of the Great Fire beyond those preserved in the "Wardens' Accounts" (which see), and although these are somewhat meagre, they are highly interesting, especially those which relate to the fortunate preservation of the great Holbein picture. It has been stated (but without any other authority than that of gossiping Samuel Pepys, who had a special interest in disparaging the picture) that it was damaged in the fire, though no notice of such a mishap is known to me, and the Accounts 144 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. (which are complete) are significantly silent as to anything having been spent on its restoration or cleansing, which, had it been injured, would have been necessary ; it seems to have been taken away from the Hall by Major Brookes to a place of safety, and subsequently brought home again by six porters. The Theatre, which was a detached building, as also the present Court Room, both the works of Inigo Jones, were saved, though the Hall was burned, entailing a great expense upon the Company in rebuilding (see Wardens' Accounts). The houses n, 34 and 35, Monkwell Street (see plan, p. 135) were rebuilt 1671, when the gate- way to the Hall Court Yard was formed and the grotesque coat- of-arms put up over the Lintol. When the alterations were made under the superintendence of Charles J. Shoppee in 1869, the old lintol, corbels, tympanum, and door-head were very carefully taken down and refixed over the present entrance to the Hall in the Court Yard. This door-head is always an object of interest to visitors to Barbers' Hall ; long may it continue to be so ! 25th August, 1 68 1. A short set of By-Laws was this day enacted. It is on a single skin of parchment, and imposes penalties cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 145 upon such persons, as, being elected, should refuse to serve as Masters or Stewards of Anatomy. It is signed by Heneage, Earl of Nottingham, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Francis Pemberton and Sir Francis North, the two Lords Chief Justices, all of whose seals are pendant to the document. 1684. This was indeed a troublous year for the Corporation and for the guilds of London. Charles having interfered with the privileges of the City by thrusting in his nominees for Sheriffs, had met with considerable opposition from the citizens, and being assured that this resistance would be continued and maintained by the City, he determined to strike a blow at the root of its franchise, by getting into his hands the Charter of the City, as also the Charters of the several Companies. It was not difficult to procure a venal tribunal which would be prepared to pronounce an iniquitous judgment upon any fictitious statement submitted to it by the King. Sir Rob 1 ' Sawyer, the Attorney-General, thereupon undertook, on behalf of the Crown, to prove that the City Charters were forfeited, and contrived the celebrated quo warranto, upon which judgment was (as a matter of course) obtained against the City, on the 12th June, 1684. The Companies seem to have unanimously anticipated this decision, and by so doing and by " surrendering " their Charters and liberties before the delivery of the judgment, hoped to ensure the favour of the King. The original of the " surrender " of the Barber-Surgeons is very neatly engrossed on extra thick parchment, but the seal was of course removed when it was returned to the Company. The text is as follows : — To all to whom these p'sents shall come. The Masters or Governo rs of y e Mystery and CoTaltie of Barb ks & Surgeons of London send Greeting. Know yee y' wee considering how much it imports the Governm' of our company U 146 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. to have men of known Loyalty & approved integrity to bear offices of Magistracy & places of Trust. The s*' Ma rs or Govern 1 ' 5 have granted surrendred and yielded up, and by these p'sents do grant surrend r and yield up unto his most gracious Majesty Charles ye second by the Grace of God King of England, &c, his Heires and Successo' 5 - All and singular y e Powers Franchises liberties priviledges and authorities whatsoever and howsoever granted to or to bee used or exercised by y e said Masters or Governo rs by vertue of any right Title or Interest vested in them by any Charters Letters Patents Custome or Prescripcon in force of or concerning the electing nominating constituting being or appointing of any person or persons into or for y° severall and respective offices of Mast' Wardens Assistants and Clerk of y e said Company. And y e said Masters or Governo' 5 do hereby humbly beseech his Ma lie to accept of this their surrend' and do with all submission to his Majesties good pleasure implore his grace and favo r to regrant to y e said Masters or Governo' 5 the nameing and Chusing of y e said Officers and the said libertie and franchises or so many of them and in such mann 1 as his Majesty in his great wisdome shall judge most conducing for y e governm 1 of y e said Company, And with and under such reservaccons restrictions and qualifications as his Majestie shall bee pleased to appoint. In Witnes whereof the said Mast rs or Governo' 8 have hereunto affixed their Cornon seal the sixteenth day of Aprill in y e Thirty sixth year of y° reign of o' sov"aign Lord Charles y c second, &c, and in y e year of o r Lord Christ 1684. Similar forms of surrender were adopted by other Companies. I am unable to say whether or no the King interfered with the franchises of the Barber-Surgeons, but think not, as no record of such meddling is to be found in our books, though, doubtless, the Court took care, remembering the rod in pickle, to govern in accordance with the wishes of the King. Some time in this year (1684) certain unquiet spirits, Surgeons of our Company, got up a petition to the King, setting forth that the union of Surgeons with Barbers hindered rather than promoted the end for which the two bodies had been united, and praying the King to incorporate the Surgeons a distinct and separate body. Nothing came of this application beyond a reference (ordered by the King, 15th May, 1684) to the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and the Lord Chief ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 14-j Justice of the King's Bench, who were directed to examine and report upon the petition, but whether they ever did so or not, I don't know. 27th February, 1685. James II, in the first year of his reign, granted us a Charter, which is contained on seven skins of parchment, all of which have handsomely designed head-pieces and borders, the first one having a fine portrait of the King as well ; only a frag- ment of the great seal remains, and the charter itself is considerably damaged, apparently by rats. It is in Latin, of great length, and, like others granted to other companies at the period, is an "unreal mockery." The Charter recites the " Surrender," and proceeds to grant another charter in which, inter alia, the appointment of any Master, Warden, Assistant, or Clerk should be subject to the approval of the King, that all members of the Company should take the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance, be in the Communion of the Church of England and receive the Sacrament, and that no person who frequented a conventicle should be eligible for the Livery. 4th April, 1687. The King having published a declaration, allowing liberty of conscience to all his subjects, suspending and dispensing with the penal laws and tests, and even with the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance on admission into offices civil and military, numerous addresses of thanks for this liberty were presented to the King, among others the following one from our Company, which is preserved in the " London Gazette" of 20th October, 1687. The Humble Address of the Masters Governors Assistants and Members of the Mystery and Commonalty of Barbers and Surgeons of London. May it please your Majesty We having daily before our eyes the munificent Bounties of your Royal Brother of Blessed Memory, and other Your Ancestors, and also that of your Majesties Gracious Favour, in restoring to us our new Charter, we must be esteemed ever ungrateful and undutiful Subjects, if we did not with all humility acknowledge the same. U 2 14S cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. But we are in more especial manner bound to cast ourselves at Your Majesties Feet, and return our most humble and hearty Thanks for Your late Declaration ; wherein You are Graciously pleased to give us Your Royal Word, whereby we are protected in the Profession and free Exercise of our Religion, and also in the Enjoyment of our Liberties and Properties in Peace and Safety ; for which Your Gracious Condescension and Goodness (as God hath made it our Duty), Your Majesty hath made it our Interest duly to pray to the Divine Majesty for his Blessing upon your Royal Person, Family and Government. And that after the enjoyment of a long and prosperous reign here, over a Dutiful and Obedient People, You may receive an everlasting Crown in the World to come. And that it may be so, it shall be as it becomes us, the constant and utmost endeavour, as well as the hearty Prayer of, Dread Sir ! Your Majesties most humble, most Loyal, and most obliged Subjects. 1688. Matters were now rapidly approaching a crisis with James, who in vain, when too late, sought to conciliate the citizens whom he had wronged. One of his acts of propitiation was the redelivery to the Companies of the "surrenders" which they had made of their franchises and charters in 1684. We have no note of the date of the return of our surrender ; but it was towards the end of November and within about a fortnight of the King's flight when this tardy act of justice was done, and the Barber-Surgeons thus partly restored to their ancient rights and privileges. The Bill of Rights was shortly afterwards passed, the quo warranto declared illegal, and all charters granted by Charles II and James II since the judgment on the quo warranto, declared absolutely null and void, thus practically reinstating the Guilds in statu quo ante. 28 July, 1690. Ordered that in pursuance of an order of the Comon Counsell & Lord Mayor &c. that the Company advance towards the provideing one Rigiment of Horse & one of Dragoone the sufiie of one hundred pounds. cA mi als of the Barber-Surgeons. 14 c) 1699. Jealousies arose in the Company in consequence of the more frequent election of Surgeons than Barbers, as Governors. The By-Laws required that every year there should be two Barbers and two Surgeons chosen (a Barber being defined to be any member who did not practise Surgery). The Surgeons disregarding the law and the old custom, seem to have been able to procure the election of an undue number of members of their own craft to the offices of Master and Wardens, whereupon certain of the Company filed an information in the King's Bench against the Masters or Governors ; the Barbers were successful, and having obtained a Mandamus, a fresh election took place. This altercation between the Barbers and Surgeons was never forgotten, and, indeed, helped to pave the way to further estrangement and the absolute separation in 1745. The following Minutes relate to these proceedings : 14th December, 1699. Ordered Mr. S'geant Wright Mr. S'geant Darnell Mr. Coition S r geant & Mr. Dee bee advised with upon the Informacon ag' the Govern"- 25th January, 1700. Ordered that the Cause ag 1 the Govern' 5 at the prosecueon of the Barbers bee referred to S'geant Darnell & his opinion to bee taken & to p°ceed thereupon, Mr. Oades Mr. Pleahill & Mr. Barnard to meet tomorrow at the raine bow to attend him by five in the afternoone. 2nd May, 1700. Ordered Mr. Dee bee consulted concerning the Rule of Court of King's Bench for a copy of the by laws &c. & to follow his advice &c. He advised to give Copyes if required & not to oppose it. nth May, 1700. Ordered that Mr. S r geant Darnell have three guineys Mr. Cornon S r geant & Mr. Dee have two a peece given them for the Tryall of the Informacon on Tuesday next & that all the Court of Assistants bee desired to bee there. 28th June, 1700. Ordered that nothing bee done in the Cause ag' the Company untill the Mandamus be served & then the Comittee to meete. 4th July, 1700. A punitory Mandamus being served the last Court, Ordered that on Tuesday next by two of the Clock in the afternoon there bee an eleccon of two Wardens Expert in Barbery for the remainder of this yeare. i jo c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 9th July, 1700. An election took place, with the result that Mr. John Pinke and Mr. Richard Marks, both being Barbers, were elected Wardens. Mr. Pinke was already a Warden, but the Mandamus required two Barbers to be elected, and he was simply re-elected. Mr. Marks took the place of Mr. Bartholomew King, Surgeon. The Master, Mr. Lichfield, and the second Warden, Mr. James Wall, were both Surgeons. 13th January, 1709. It was agreed that a new set of By-Laws which had been settled by the Common Serjeant and Sir Edward Northey should be presented to the Lord Chancellor, etc., for confirmation, it being considered that the existing By-Laws were defective in many parts, and that "good & wholesome Lawes were the life strength & support of this Company." 6th April, 1709. A set of By-Laws of this date was confirmed. They are comprised on thirteen great skins of parchment, and, like previous ones, are far too voluminous, and indeed not of sufficient interest, to warrant transcribing, being practically the former set with sundry technical and minor alterations. There is a fine portrait of Queen Anne on the first skin, and the Document is signed by William Lord Cowper, Lord Chancellor, Sir John Holt and Sir John Trevor, Lords Chief Justices, whose seals are pendant. These By-Laws were brought into Court on 5th May, 1709. 13th January, 1709. The Court were informed that the Barbers of the Company were in treaty with the Peruke Makers " of the other end of the town," -about incorporating them into this Company, and that they were endeavouring to procure an Act of Parliament to that effect, whereupon the proposition was approved and leave given to the Barbers to petition Parliament in the name of the Court. a/1 minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 1^1 5th December, 1709. A petition was presented by sundry- liverymen (Barbers) representing that Peruke making was an encroach- ment upon the art of Barbery, and praying the Court to obtain an Act of Parliament incorporating the Peruke Makers with the Barber- Surgeons ; the petition was favourably received by the Court and a Committee appointed, who met the next day and recommended the proposed union, the Peruke Makers paying such fees as other members of the Company paid. 24th December, 1 709. A petition for an Act was ordered to be drawn by the Clerk and submitted to several eminent counsel for their perusal. 9th January, 1710. Five hundred copies of the proposed Bill, and a similar number of the reasons for the suggested incorporation, were ordered to be printed ; but in the result nothing came of this proposed union with the Peruke Makers. 25th August, 1 7 14. The following precept relating to the Accession of George I was received : To the Master and Wardens of , j> v THE ^ W0R the Company of Barber Surgeons. I Whereas it hath been resolved in Conion Councill y' if our most Gratious Lord King George upon his comeing into this Kingdome be pleased to pass through this his City of London, y' he shall be received by us & our fellow citizens with all the Demonstrationes of Joy & affection as are suitable to our duty and Loyalty. These are therefore to require you to have your Rayle Cloaths Standings Banners Streamers Ensignes & other Ornaments of triumph belonging to your Company in a readiness to sett up imeadiatly upon Notice y' shall be given you of the time & place by any further precept & y' yo r Cloaths Banners Streamers Ensignes & other ornaments be fresh & Good & y' you forthwith send to all the Liverymen of yo' Company that they be well & decently apparrelled in their best Cloaths is: Gowns to attend in their Standings 1^2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. y' so your Company may be ready (when required) to receive his Maj" c to his satisfacon & the Honour of this City and thereof you are not to faile. Dated this 25 ,h day of August, 17 14. Gibson. 23rd December, 171 7. The Company having had great difficulty in getting in some of their rents, and various of the houses being empty, determined to sell their property in Mowse Alley, East Smithfield, and in Butcher Row in St. Botolph's, Aldgate, agreeing to convey the fee simple to Mr. Robert Finlay for ,£1,250. And it is further ordered by this Court that till such time as the said sume of 1250 1 ' can be laid out in a convenient purchase of houses or lands with the approbation of the Court of Assistants, The same shall be forthwith placed out at Interest by the Governors upon such Government or other Publick securitys as they shall think fitt, But that the said sume of 1250'' or any part thereof shall never be expended on the Company's common occacons or be any way lessened or broke into on any account whatsoever. 17th April, 1 7 18. The following record was ordered to be made of the " reasons " for disposing of this property : The Estate in East Smithfield in eleven years time produced to the Company above all disbursements relating thereto 1 but ^28 15.1-. in the whole, Whereas the annual interest of ,£1250 at 4 j? cent, is ^50. Eleven years interest at ^50 fy ann. for ^1250 amounts to without computeing Interest upon Interest ^550. The Company have run behind hand for severall years by means of the great sumes laid out upon this Estate. Whoever goes backward every year must in time be undone. The Estate is still in such a condition as to require a great suiiie of money to be expended upon it in Repairing and Rebuilding in order to make it tenantable. The Company had not money to lay out upon it. 1 But these disbursements had been very hea\y in the nature of repairs. c/liwals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 53 If they had, the Estate is so scituated that there is no room to hope, even in case the whole had been rebuilt (as it wants to be) that it would have answered the laying out so much money. And if the Company had let it upon building Leases The j?sent method of building is so as to last exactly the term for which the Lease is taken, woud have put the Company in the same condicon as they are now, when the term expired, besides loss of Rent, & disputes with such Tenants in the mean time. It was therefore thought better to dispose of the Estate. Following are the details of negotiations with one or two parties other than Mr. Finlay, and some curious particulars of the Company's title to part of the Estate, which seems to have been an equitable rather than a legal one, whereby the Court apprehended some difficulty in disposing of it to another party from whom a somewhat better price might have been obtained, and therein, under the circumstances, showed themselves good men of business by concluding with Mr. Finlay : we cannot however now, but regret that this most valuable property should have passed from us for so comparatively insignificant a sum. The purchase-money was laid out in thirteen East India Bonds of ^ioo each. 7th April, 1730. M r Serj' Uickins the Master of the Company informing the Court, That he having the honour to be acquainted with the Right Honourable The Earl of Burlington and with his Lordships most extraordinary genius and superior judgment in Architecture, had taken the liberty to address himself to the said noble Earl, and to make it his humble request to his Lordship that he would be pleased to favour the Company with his opinion, in what manner it would be safest and best to repair the anatomical Theatre built by the celebrated Inigo Jones about one hundred years ago. That his Lordship had thereupon condescended to take a view of the Theatre and most obligingly directed the proper method of repairing a structure of so peculiar a frame, and afterwards out of his accustomed generosity, and in regard to the memory of that great Architect offered to defray the expence thereof. X / 5 4 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. It is thereupon resolved Nemine Contrabicente by this Court, That the Master and Wardens of the Company together with the late Master William Cotesworth Esq' be, and they are hereby desired forthwith to wait on the Right Honrile The Earl of Burlington, and in the most gratefull manner to assure his Lordship in the name of the whole Company That they do receive this noble instance of his Lordships bounty and generosity as a most distinguishing & illustrious mark of honour shown by his Lordship to the Company & Profession. And that this Court will take care so to record & transmitt the remembrance of this magnificent action of his Lordship to their successors That the gratitude of the Company to his Lordship's person and memory may be for ever preserved among them. 13th August, 1730. A marble Bust of the Earl of Burlington was ordered to be set up in the Theatre. 27th April, 1739. "The Court taking into their consideracon that several of their By-Laws, which had been confirmed by the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justices for the time being, were in want of alteration, by reason of the variation of the times and circumstances of the Company and their Members since such By-Laws were made, and several new By-Laws being also wanting for the better government of the Company in times to come," It was ordered that a Committee of six should consult and draw up fresh By-Laws, to be submitted to a future Court of Assistants, but in the result no action was taken. 1744. The long slumbering animosity between the Surgeons and the Barbers had now reached a climax, and indeed it is a matter of surprise that an union which had become grotesque should have existed for as many years as it had. The Surgeons, many of whom had attained to great eminence, naturally chafed under a system which required their diplomas to be signed by Governors, two of whom were always Barbers, or members of some trade or c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 155 profession other than that of a Surgeon, and with the rapid progress of science and of surgical skill and knowledge, they felt their alliance with the Barbers a restraint upon their advancement, as also that the exercise of their profession under Charters and By-Laws, antiquated in form, and more adapted to the times in which they were framed, a hindrance rather than an incitement to further proficiency. There is little in the records as to this disagreement, it being tacitly agreed that neither side should place their arguments or grievances in the books, which were their joint property. 20th December, 1744. This day the gentlemen on the Surgeons side having made known at this Court their desire of being separated from the gentlemen on the Barbers and that each may be made a distinct and independent Body free from each other, and producing a Case intended to be offered to the Honourable House of Commons praying such separation, which being read at this Court It was agreed that the following gentlemen on the Barbers side viz 1 — M ■ Warden Negus M r Parker M r - Maurice M r - Truelove and M r Haddon. & on the Surgeons side viz'- — M'- Serj' Dickins Will'" Petty Esq r James Dansie Esq rc M r - Freke and M r - Sainthill be a Committe appointed to meet on Monday next at the Kings Arms Tavern in Saint Paul's Church Yard at one of the Clock at noon to receive the proposals from the Gentlemen on the Surgeon's side for such Separation, and that when they had so done that the Gentlemen on the Barber's side members of this Court should lay the same before the Livery on their side, by a Meeting to be had for that purpose, and that a Court of Assistants should be held on the Tenth day of January next, at which time the Gentlemen on the Barber's Side Members of this Court, should then report their opinion and assent or Dissent to such proposals made. At the same time it was agreed that any Member of this Court should at any time have the free liberty of examining and inspecting into the several Books and writings belonging to this Company In case the same should be in the presence of the Master or one of the Wardens but not otherwise, but no such Books or writings be at any time removed from the Hall, on any account whatever unless by a special order of this Court first had and obtained for that purpose. X 2 / 56 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ioth January, 1745. Pursuant to an Order of the last Court of Assistants the gentlemen on the Barbers side Members of this Court, did this day make their report on the proposals made by the gentlemen on the Surgeons side for a separation, by Dissenting in general to such proposals made. By the Journals of the House of Commons, 18 George II, it appears that the Surgeons on 31st January, 1745, presented a petition to Parliament, in which among other things they recited the Act, 32 Henry VIII, and also that Charles I in the 5th year of his reign, by Letters Patent under the great seal confirmed the Barber Surgeon's Company in their possessions and privileges and gave the Company power to make by-laws and to constitute ten persons to be Examiners of Surgeons during their lives, and it was thereby further granted that no person whether freeman foreigner native of England or alien should practise Surgery in London or Westminster or within seven miles of the City of London unless previously examined allowed and admitted by the Company in manner therein mentioned ; and that the Surgeons so examined might practise in any part of England ; and that the Masters and Governors of the said Company might appoint and have a public lecture for the science of Surgery, for the better instruction and information in the principles and rudiments of the art and science of Surgery, and that no person exercising the art of Surgery within the limits therein mentioned should go out or send any apprentice or servant from the Port of London to serve in quality of a Surgeon for any ship without the approbation and allowance of the said Company, in such manner and under such penalties as are therein mentioned. That since the said Act for incorporating the two said Companies, those of the said Company practising Surgery have from their sole and constant study of, and application to the said science, rendered the profession and practice thereof of great and public benefit and utility to this Kingdom, and that the Barbers belonging to the said Corporation are now, and have been many years, employed in a business foreign to and independent of the practice of Surgery ; and that the Surgeons belonging to the same Corporation, being now become a numerous and considerable body, and finding their union with the Barbers inconvenient in many respects and in no degree conducive to the progress or improvement of the art of Surgery, are therefore desirous that the Surgeons being freemen of the said Company, may be made a Corporation separate and distinct from and independent of the Barbers of, and belonging to the said Company ; and therefore praying the House to give leave that a bill may be brought in dissolving and vacating the union and incorporation of the Barbers and Surgeons made by ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 57 the said former act ; and for making the Surgeons of the said Company a separate and distinct Corporation ; and for making a partition and division of the real and personal estate and effects of and belonging to the said united Company, unto and for the separate benefit of the said two Companies so proposed to be separated, as to this House shall seem meet and reasonable. Whereupon it was ordered — That the said petition be referred to the consideration of a Committee and that they do examine the matter thereof, and report the same with their opinion thereupon to the House. A Committee was at once appointed with power to send for persons, papers, and records. On the 6th February the Barbers presented a Petition against the proposed separation, and asked to be heard by counsel ; whereupon it was ordered — ■ That the said petition be referred to the consideration of the Committee to whom the petition of the Surgeons of London, whose names are thereunto subscribed, on behalf of themselves and other the Surgeons in the City and suburbs of London is referred : And that these petitioners the said Barbers, if they think fit be heard by their Counsel before the said Committee according to the prayer of the said petitioners. This petition of the Barbers to the House of Commons was identical with a very scarce pamphlet " The Case of the Barbers," a copy of which has been kindly given to me by Mr. D'Arcy Power, M.A. It is full of interest, and will be found in Appendix E. 27th February, 1745. The Committee brought up their report, which was read by the Clerk, and recited the various documents produced and the evidence tendered ; among other matters it is stated that Mr. John Hay ward, a Past Master, was examined and deposed, that the Master (who every other year was a Barber) and the Wardens present, sign the diplomas. That there are ten Examiners who have / 5 8 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. each half a guinea for their attendance, and the Master and Wardens have the like. That he did not know that the presence of Barbers at these examinations was any inconvenience, but he apprehended it would be more eligible if the Master were always a Surgeon. That the Barbers are generally present at the four public lectures of Anatomy, two of which are at the expense of the Company, the other two being at the expense of the Surgeons. That the Demonstrators of Anatomy and Osteology are chosen by the whole Court of Assistants (fifteen of whom are Barbers, and fifteen Surgeons). That he apprehends the present union is the reason why so many persons do not bind their sons apjDrentice at the Hall. He never knew of the Barbers interfering in or giving interruption to examinations, and he never heard any fact mentioned as a reason for the separation desired by the Surgeons, except that a great many foreign brothers (who are gentlemen that practise both in and out of town) refuse to come into the Company on account of the present expense. Being examined as to the money generally given to the Poor's Box by Sea Surgeons at the time of their receiving a Qualification, he said that it was always expected, but that if they are not in a capacity it is not insisted upon, and that he never heard of any person being denied a Qualification for refusing to pay it. That the Qualification is delivered to the party sealed up, to be carried to the Navy Office, and that the Master commonly signifies to him what fees are expected ; that the said Box is examined every month, and about nine-tenths of the money distributed by the Master and Wardens, among the poor of the Barbers. Being asked what proportion the Barbers pay to the Poor's Box, he said that the greatest part of the income applied to that use arises from the examination of Sea Surgeons, but that the Apprentices of cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 159 Barbers (who are as twenty to one) always pay when bound at the Hall, and at their admission to the freedom, as well as the Surgeons. Mr. Hay ward put before the Committee a statement of the fines received by the Company, which was as follows — For Freedom by purchase ,, Livery fine, and all Offices to the Parlor door - ,, Examination for great Diploma ,, The fine for not serving the four several offices of Master and the three Wardens, which the Sur- geons often pay, but the Barbers never do, sometimes 30 guineas but oftener - - - - 40 o o 40 ,, The fine for Master and Stewards of Anatomy when called upon in turn (and if they serve, the expense is rather greater) - - - - 40 o o Surgeon; £ s. d. B £ arber s. s. 10 10 6 6 35 25 6 6 ^131 16 o £71 6 The Clerk's and Beadle's fees are not included in the above. Mr. Joseph Wheeler, the Clerk of the Company, was examined by the Committee, and generally confirmed Mr. Hay ward's evidence. The next witness, Mr. Neil Stewart, was evidently called in the interest of the Surgeons, to show the inconvenience which had arisen (in his case at all events) by reason of the warrants being issued by the "Barbers and Surgeons." He deposed that he was surgeon i6o oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. to H.M.S. The Looe, and, being taken prisoner by the French, was put in the common prison at Brest, where he petitioned to be removed to an open hospital at Dinan, and enclosed his warrant as a surgeon with his petition to the French authorities ; some days after, he enquired of the " Linguist " as to the success of his petition, and was informed that " the Superintendent did not know by his warrant whether he (the witness) was a Barber or a Surgeon : that upon his desiring the linguist to read the warrant, by which it would appear he was a surgeon, the linguist replied that it might be so, but that if the witness had been taken on board one of the King of Great Britain's ships it would have been out of doubt." This witness further stated that he believed the unfavourable notice which was taken of his petition was because his warrant came from the Masters of the Barbers and Surgeons. With reference to the gift of Edward Arris the Court minutes of 29th February, 1675-6 were produced which stated that " Mr. Edward Arris a very worthy member of this Company having formerly settled by Deed .£30 a year for a dissection of a body yearly and Reading on the Muscles, desired that deed might be delivered up to him," and he in return would pay the Company ^510 to enable them to apply the interest to the same purposes, which was agreed to. Mr. Arris dying on the 28th May, 1676, the Company soon became involved in a Chancery suit with his son, Dr. Thomas Arris, and the Court minutes of 20th January, 1677-8 were produced and read to the Committee. These set forth the answer which the Company filed to the Bill of Complaint before the Master of the Rolls, and stated the circumstances referred to in the minutes of 29th February, 1675-6, and that Mr. Arris gave as his reason for this "That his only son and heir, the now Doctor, had and did then receive the profits of the said lands to his own use upon condition and under zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 161 promise to pay the said ,£30 per annum for the said Dissection ; but he found that he did never pay one penny of it, or ever would do, when he their benefactor was dead, without trouble or suit ; with some severe and sharp expressions, which we will by no means mention, although they were the very words of the father spoken of the son." The answer goes on to express the hope that the Company will not be compelled to enter into any further covenant with Dr. Arris than they had done with his father their "pious benefactor," for the carrying out of the trust, or be ordered to refund the ^510 to Dr. Arris. It also prayed that he might be ordered to pay the costs of "this troublesome and unnecessary suit, which doth so much shew what they must expect from him hereafter, if they should part with the .£510." As the Company retained the .£510 till the separation in 1745, there is no doubt but that Dr. Arris, as he deserved to do, lost his suit. Various extracts from the Company's books were read, on behalf of the Barbers, to show that the united Company had always assisted the Surgeons, and promoted the cause and interest of Surgery out of the common fund of the Barbers and Surgeons. Part of the Will of Robert Ferbras, Citizen and Surgeon, dated 2nd December, 1470, 1 was read, whereby it appeared that several estates formerly belonging to the said Company, were given to the Barbers before their union with the Surgeons in Henry VIII's time. And a declaration of Bryan Sandford, dated 8th March, 1490, was read, whereby it appeared that the site of the Hall was purchased by the Barbers before the said Union. 1 But see p. 61 as to this Will. I cannot explain the discrepancy. 162 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The Committee of the House of Commons reported that they had recommended the parties to settle the dispute as to the division of the property between them, and that thereupon the Surgeons had proposed that they should have given up to them Dr. Gale's Annuity of ,£16 per annum and Alderman Arris' gift of ^"510; also that for about three years until the Surgeons could provide themselves with suitable premises, they should have the use of the Hall, Theatre, &c, at a nominal rent of one guinea per annum. The Barbers agreed to give up Gale's and Arris' gifts, but proposed that the Surgeons should take a lease for such days in the year as they commonly used the premises, at ^80 per annum, and pay the Barbers .£100 towards the expenses to which they had been put by this suit in the Parliament. In the result the Committee reported: — (a) That the Surgeons had made good the allegations of their petition. (6) That the proposed separation was desirable, (c) That the propositions of the Surgeons touching the division of the property were reasonable. Subsequently the Bill passed both Houses and received the Royal Assent, the quaint union being dissolved 25th June, 1745. By this Act (18 Geo. II) the Surgeons were erected into a separate Corporation, and the Barbers were re-incorporated under the style of " The Master, Governors and Commonalty of the Mystery of Barbers of London." So much of this Act as relates to the Barbers will be found in the Appendix F. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 16 j The first Court of Assistants of " 1 §E§e ^SctrGers' @ompam? ' was held on the 25th June, 1745, at 10 a.m., and there were present :— Mr. Jonathan Medley Mr. Humphry Negus - Mr. William Parker. Mr. John Barnwell. Mr. John Truelove. Mr. William H addon. Mr. John Negus. Mr. Edward Boxley. Assistants. \ Master. Second Governor. Mr. Samuel Rutter. Mr. Robert Scrooby. Mr. Richard Switiiin. Mr. Edward Colebeck. Mr. Togarmah Jones. Mr. John Gurney. The Act of Separation being read, and the Oaths as formerly required to be taken by Freemen, Master, Warden, Assistant, Clerk, and Beadle being also read and considered, the Court settled and formulated the various Oaths, and the same are entered in the Minutes. The Election of nine fit and able persons to be Assistants was then proceeded with, and Mr. William Jackson, Mr. John Bearblock, Mr. Will 1 "- Roberts, Mr. Thomas Cotton, Mr. John Whiting, Mr. Richard Lookes, James Theobald, Esqre., Peter Theobald, Esqre., and Mr. John Pepys, were unanimously elected. Mr. Edward Boxley and Mr. Samuel Rutter were chosen third and fourth Governors or Wardens. Thanks were voted to Mr. Jonathan Medley and Mr. Humphry Negus "for their great care in defending and preserving the Rights Priviledges and property of this Company on their Separation from the Surgeons." y 2 164 zA mi als of the Barber-Surgeons. Thanks were also voted to Mr. John Paterson " for his great care and diligence in executing the orders and directions of the Master and Governor about the defence and preservation of the rights priviledges and property of the Company " and to further mark their sense of the same, the Court unanimously elected Mr. Paterson as Clerk. The two Beadles, Henry Gretton and William Littlebury were re-elected. It was ordered that all Charters, Books, Plate and goods belonging to the Company, then in the custody of Mr. Joseph Wheeler (the late Clerk) should be delivered to Mr. Paterson, who was to make and sign an Inventory of the same, and also to examine Mr. Wheeler's accounts, and report thereon to the Court. The Common Seal was directed to be altered by omitting the words Et Chirurgorum and by adding Anno MDCCXLV. A Committee was appointed to peruse the By-Laws of the late United Company, and to report as to which of them required amend- ment or were fit to be repealed or added to. 8th August, 1 75 1. Mr. John Brooks attended and produced a Deed to which he requested the subscription of the Court ; this deed recited that by an Act of Parliament passed in the 10th year of Queen Anne, it was enacted that a duty of 2d. per lb. should be laid upon all starch imported, and of id. per lb. upon all starch made in Great Britain, that no perfumer, barber, or seller of hair-powder should mix any powder of alabaster, plaster of Paris, whiting, lime, etc. (sweet scents excepted), with any starch to be made use of for making hair-powder, under pain of forfeiting the hair-powder and ^50, c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 165 and that any person who should expose the same for sale should forfeit it and ,£20. Also that by further Acts additional duties were laid upon starch. And by an Act passed in the 4th year of George II the penalties were somewhat mitigated. " And whereas the said laws with respect to hair-powder have by experience been found not to answer the end proposed by the Legislature, the sum arising by the said duties upon starch and hair-powder having gradually lessened, whilst the fair traders have been great sufferers by the practice of those who by the greatness of the duty have attempted to make vend or use the said prohibited articles. And whereas the trade or business of making vending or dressing of Perukes or other Ornaments of hair for the head and also of cutting and dressing the hair of the head being considered as distinct from the business of Barbers is under no regulation whatever," etc., the parties whom Mr. Brooks repre- sented (and whose names were signed to the deed) had, therefore, agreed to join in an application to Parliament for reducing the duties on hair-powder, as also for incorporating all persons carrying on the trade of Barbers and Peruke-makers within the Bills of Mortality, into one joint Corporation or Body politick, and for restraining persons from exercising those trades who had not served seven years' apprenticeship. It was stated that subscriptions towards defraying the costs of the proposed Bill had been paid to Messrs. Gosling & Bennett, Bankers in Fleet Street, that John Paterson, Esq., Clerk of the Company, was Solicitor for the Bill, and Mr. John Brooks was Secretary of the Petitioners. The Court, having considered the application, decided to contribute Twenty Guineas, but the matter seems to have been in abeyance for eighteen months, as the petition to the House 1 66 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of Commons was not sealed by the Company until the 7th January, 1753. 13th January, 1753. The petition was this day presented and is recorded in the Journals of the House ; it states, among other things, that the Company " are in danger of being unable to support themselves and that the petitioners who exercise the art of Peruke making in the liberties and neighbourhood of the said City are not a body corporate, nor under any order or regulation ; for want whereof great frauds are practised in the said manufacture to the discourage- ment of the fair trader, and manifest injury of the consumer, And therefore praying the House that leave may be given for the bringing in a Bill for incorporating the Peruke makers as well within as without the liberties of the City of London, and within such distance thereof as the House shall think fit, with the said petitioners" — the Barbers' Company. This petition was referred to a Committee, but no report of that Committee is entered in the Journals. 4th December, 1 764. The Peruke makers turned up again in 1764, for we find in the Minutes that certain of them attended with the draft of a petition to the King, to which they asked the assent of the Court. This petition which strangely commenced " We the Company of Barbers and Peruke makers" stated that the suppliants laid before his Majesty the distresses into which the Peruke makers had fallen by reason of the change of fashion, and thus appeals to the King, " Where can we look for relief but there only where it is to be found, for as the Fashion your Majesty approves will very justly be a pattern to your subjects, We most humbly hope not to be too bold in wishing Perukes may soon be as much in fashion as the wearing of hair is at present, which will increase the Revenue, give happiness to the indigent and distressed Peruke makers, and increase the many c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. i6y great unmerited Favours, We as a Company have received from Royal Hands ! " 16th January, 1765. The Court took this ridiculous petition into consideration, and of course refused to adopt it, informing the suppliants that they were concerned to observe the decay in their trade, as it was connected by usage with that of Barbery, but as the Charters of the Company did not extend to Peruke making, the Court could not with propriety address his Majesty on the subject. THE COMMITTEE ROOM, BARBERS' HALL. EXTRACTS FROM COURT MINUTES, ETC., MORE PARTICULARLY RELATING TO THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF THE COMPANY. 29th August, 1550. "gRiemovarxbum the xxix"' day of Auguste in the house belonging to the sayd Company it was condescended and fully agreed by the aforesayed M r and Wardeins M r Geen Thomas Johnson Thomas Stocdall and Mathew Johnson w' thassent of thassistance being there present that is to say M r Kyrke n (Kyrkeby)' M r Vycary 2 M r Bancks 3 M r Byrde 4 M r Yonge s M r Henderbe 6 Robert Postell 7 Willm TylT (Tylley) 8 Peter Dayseman 9 Robert Waterforde 10 Richard Bowll" Henry Pemberton' 2 Robert Sprignell' 3 Robert Brownell' 4 John Smythe' 5 Willm Otherborne' 6 and Austeyn Clarck." An order That Thomas Knot shalbe dischardged and not called to no manner of concernin&re office unto such tyme that it shall please the m rs to agree for Another Thomas Knot, order. And also that he shall not paie no maner of scott lot nor subsedye nor any other chardge concerning the saied Crafte but shalbe dischardged of and from the same Ecept onelie his quarterage and except that which he shall gyve & paye of his owne fre will and gentelnes. An order for JUsoo yt was ordered and agreed the sayd daye by the hole assistaunce that the eleccon of , . , ,, ...... r . . , . . the Maister. the maister shall put in iuj or into his bill for his electyon and so the same byll to goo through the house and every man to prycke as his mynde doth serve him w"'out any telling and when every man hathe pricked about the house then Master 1526, 1533. " M. 1530, etc. 3 M. 1532. Warden 1544. 9 W. 1546. '' W. 1547. '» W. " M. 1563. '' W. 1547. ' 1 M. 1542, 1545. 5 M. 15-14. * M. 1547. 1549. " M. 1553- 1! W. 1539. " M. 1554. W. 154S. '• W. 1554. 17° cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. the byll to be brought to the M r And he that hath the moste pricks to have the roome of M r the yeare ensuynge. The names of the ellecyon for the M r was M r Geen Richard Ferres Robert Postell and Willfn Tylle. An order for Alsoo for the elleccyon of the upper wardein he shall put iiij or names into onhe^pper ^is ^' anc * s0 t0 » 00 through the house like as the M r Byll -hath dooen. wardein. The names for the elleccyon for upper wardein was Thomas Johnson, Richard (The remainder of this line is torn away in original). An order for Alsoo for the Elleccyon of the Seconde Wardein he shall put in iiij or names theEieccon m n ; s j^jj an( j so t0 g 00 t i lr0U gh t h e house like as is before mencyoned. Wardein. The names for the Elleccyon was Thomas Stocdall, John Atkinson, John Smyth and Thomas Knot. For the Alsoo for the Elleccyon of the youngest wardein he shall put iiij or into his Eleccyon of g jj an( j so tQ through the house like as before. The names for the youngest ' ° ° Wardein. the Elleccyon are Mathew Johnson, John Tholmoode, Richard Elliot and John Shryffe.- ioth Sept., 1 55 1. It was ordered that — An order that ^he second Wardein shall receyve all maner of Receite as fynes quartras* the Seconde _ J ' ^ Wardein shall for prentises, for fremen and all other casualtyes \vhatsoev r yt be. And he fynes quar- to P a >' e a ' s0 a ^ maner OI wa g e , And the Bedyll to have a booke of all trage and suche receitte and dischardge as the seconde wardein hathe for his casualtyes. dischardge. Also yt ys agreed that the younger wardein shall receyve nothing but onely the Rents of the Londes, and to see reparacons dooen where as nede shall requyer and that he shall take Appulton 1 w ft him when he goeth to receyve the rentes of the Londes so that bothe there books may agree. 4th Nov., 1 55 1. It was agreed — That there shalbe allowed in goyng and searching of their Londes vj s viij^ Ordered — That John West shall bring in his fyne which ys vj s viij d for speking opprobryous wordes against John Androwson in the presence of the M rs - 1 The Beadle. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 7 / 17th Nov., 1 55 1 . It was ordered — That the Kings maiestyes Barbor or Barbors to his highness parson And also his mat s Surgeon or Surgeons shall sytt next to the Last M r upon the bcnche where as the M" nowe usually doo sytt and alsoo shall goo next to the M rs in all goyngs and syttings. It was ordered that no Barber should take a "foreigner" as journeyman and set him to work, before presenting him to the Master and Wardens, under a penalty of 3^. \d. per week. This order was made because many foreigners {i.e., non-freemen) who were inexpert had lately come into the City, and the Court directed that each foreigner should give proof of his skill, and then that he should remain for one year only and in one service, and no Barber was to pay a foreigner higher wages than the Masters should from time to time " sess " or determine under a penalty of 135. \d. for " every weke so offending." The Beadle was directed to keep a register book of all foreigners for the year, and when the year was expired, the Barber who kept a foreigner and was minded to keep him longer was to come to the Hall within fourteen days to have him re-registered under a penalty of 35. \d. per week. And no Barber was to " entyce or envegyll any mans servant from him upon peyne of forfeyting for a fyne xiij s - iiij' 1 " The Court fixed the wages of these men as follows — The best jorneyman that is a forrein shall have for a weke xij d - the second x d - and the thurde as the sayd M rs - shall thinke meate & convenyente. 17th November, 1 55 1 . It was ordered that the youngest Warden should be chosen out of the Livery and that he should be — in especcyall one that hathe byn stewarde so that he be a man that hath usyed himself in that behalf honestleye and discretly. z 2 1 7 2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. It was also ordered that all freemen should come every quarter day to the Hall to pay quarterage, hear the rules read, and to hear the book set forth by the Corporation of London concerning Orphans, and no man was to sit out of his appointed place, under a penalty. 17th July, 1553. It was ordered that Mr. John Enderby (Master 1547) — shall have the benevolense of the crafte fewer marks a yere. 20th September, 1553. The Masters agreed with Richard Drewe — For a barge when the Mayer goeth to Westm for Twentie sixe shillings and eighte pence. 1 2th August, 1554. Being Election day it was agreed that at the choosing of the Masters — There shalbe a solempe masse 1 or other dyvyne servyce sayd and songe that the M rs - be choessen and the hole lyverye to be therat in their best clothing and to meete at the hall at or before the hower of ix of the clocke and he that fayleth his hower to paye xij d for his fyne w'out any redempcyon or gayne sayeing. The sayed masse 2 to be at the chardgs of the Companye. 1st Oct., 1555. The following Articles were agreed upon by the Court — I. There shall no man ffreeman fforyner or straunger of the Clothinge or w'out the clothing shave wasshe a Bearde or tryme any man w th any Instrumet as to make cleane teathe upon the Sondayes within the Cytie of London or withoute in his owne house or in any mans house or chamber or in any place els he shall forfayete at every tyme beinge duely proved for a fyne to the hall the some of xl s - And further that no fforyner being no ffreman shall carry out any Bason or clothe or Instrumet to make cleane teathe to shave poll or wasshe a bearde or to tryme any man but w'in the Lybertye where he dwellethe But w'in the Cytie of London he shall not tryme any man at no dayes w'in anye of their howses or in any place els w'in the Cytie upon payne to lose at every tyme beinge duely proved for a fyne to the hall xl 5, 1 The word " masse " has been subsequently erased. 2 " Masse " has been subsequently erased, and "s'rvice " substituted. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ijj II. That Apulton the Beadle of the Clothing was to be the Clerk, and that the Beadle of the Yeomanry was to help the Clerk at coronaeon tyme or at other greate tryumphes when any other greate man cometh in or when the kinge or quene comen through the Cytie. III. That whenever the Shreif be chosein or the Mayor or the burgesses of the parlyamet or upon the kings or queenes comlg into the Cytie or any other greate man comyth in or upon any other greate truymphe whereapon comaundement ys geven by the Mayor of London to the sayed Company of the Clothinge of Barbors and Surgeons to geve their attendaunce Then the hole Company of the Clothinge to meete at our owne hall of Barbors and Surgeons in our owne lyverye all to gether fyrste, and afterwards to gooe out of the hall two and two together as of olde tyme yt hathe been used, and when the Mayor goeth to poules' then the M r and governors to gooe throughe out Wood streate to poules w ,h the rest of the Company of the Clothinge. And that M r and governors that dothe not this shall forfaycte for a ffyne to the hall vj" xiif iiij d And they of the Clothing that dothe not come to the hall firste but will meete us at the place where we shalbe appointed to stande and to remayn and dothe not kepe his hower shall loose for a ffyne in the hall at every tyme so offending iij s iiij d Provyded alwayes yf the Mayor gooe not to poules at the Mayors ffeaste Alhollande daye xpemas daye twelves daye and Candlemas daye In what streets we doo gooe throughe yt be not throughe Wood streate yt shall not be prejudycyall to the master and governors of the Company for the tyme being. IV. It was ordered that Apprentices, before being presented, should pay 2s. 6d. fine, also Srt'. to the Clerk for drawing the Indentures. 8th October, 1555. Further ordinances were framed, viz': — I. That at all sittings of the Court when any business was discussed the Members should speak to the subject in order of seniority, and any one interrupting or speaking out of turn was to pay nd. fine. The Beadle also was to stand without the door, in the Hall, and there to give his attendance whenever the Master should knock for him. 1 St. Pauls. i j 4 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. II. That there should be an Armourer with a yearly fee of \os., and — for the same he shalbe bounde to make cleane our harneys w"' daggers gunnes armyng swords and bills and with all other things that doethe appertayne to an Armorer for to doo in mending of buckells lethers or any other thinge which dothe appertayne to that whiche we nowe have. III. When the Master and Governors should go to view their lands and tenements to see the state of repair, the Bricklayer was to go with them to advise and to have a fee of " ij s and his dynnar." IV. This relates to the Clerk (see Clerk). V. That a Minute book be kept to record all the orders made at any Court, and that such orders be read at the next Court and signed. VI. That no freeman shall serve a foreigner under a penalty of 135 4^. for every time so offending, and any foreigner taking a freeman to serve with him should be fined 26s. Sd. 19th November, 1555. John Demynge, "Cowper 1 & ffre denysen," was granted a lease of a house belonging to the Company at St. Katherine's, Tower Hill, at £2 per annum for thirty years, with a fine of £\ on sealing the lease and a " barrell of doble beare." 26th November, 1555. Thomas Glynton, Goldsmith, was to have a lease of the house in Tower Street, where he then dwelt, for 30 years from Christmas, 1555, no rent stated, but a fine of £\o to be paid on sealing the lease. 1 Cooper. oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 775 5th March, 1556. Several further Ordinances and awards were made by the Court, among which were the following : — I. That the Masters and Governors should not let the Hall to anyone to — daunce or use anye other kynde of games els whereby the sealinge or other things being broken in the hall or kitchen shall redowne to the losse of the Company Yf therefore the sayed M r and governors for the tyme being doo let out the hall to any bodye to thentent aforesayde w'out the consent of the hole howse to be called for the same they should forfeit and pay etc. IV. The ffourthe Artycle is that if any of the Lyverye or of the yomanrye come to sesse any man being a jornye man to serve him as the order is that he taketh i d for a yere or ij d for ij yere That his M r shall not put him awaye at his pleasure as many now a dayes do, but he shall complayne to the M r and Governors for the tyme of the demeaner usuage and evell behaveor of the sayed Journyman for noen kepinge of his M" howse all the weke daye by reason wherof he dothe lose his custom's or that he goeth out at his pleasure and come in at his will againe w'out asking of any leave of his M r or mysteris w cl1 pertayneth not to a servaunte for to doo for theyse consyderacons and other the m r maye complayne. The Jornyman lykewise may complayne of his M r yf that he doo not paye him his wages and to have his meate and dryncke as Jornymen shoulde have according to the agremet of bothe the partyes as the M r and the Jornyman shalbe at a pointe when he cometh to sesse any Jornymen because that if the Jornyman doo not his dewtye that he may be punysshed and put in prison to thentent that Jornymen may be kept in good order otherwise then they be nowe. And that the M* and gov'nors for the tyme being shall declare to the Jornyman what is his dewty to his M' when he dothe come to be seste to thentent that he shall knowe his dewtye to his M r and if he doo not the same then he knoweth the pryce. And agayne to declare to the Jornyman what his M r shall doo to him, as to paye his wages mete and dryncke and other things that a Jornyman oughte to have. Yf any of the Clothinge or of the yomanrye put awaye his Jornyman before his yere or yeres come out and not declaring the matter to the M r and governors [he] shall forfaycte at every tyme so doinge for a ffyne to the hall vj s viiij d - And that all ffremen being Journymen may be preferred and taken, being a workman before any fforyner duynge his dewty to his M r as is aforesayed because we are bounde to preferre the ffremen w ch beare scot and lot to the Cytye and company w ch the Jornymen doo not being forryners but come out of the contrye to Iearne there scyence here and so after warde goo away agayne w ch is not to the welth of the Companye. ij6 cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. VII. No Liveryman was to presume to come into the parlour, whilst the Court was sitting, without being sent for. VIII. Freemen were not to put away apprentices to make room for others by whom they might get money. IX. Two Stewards for the Anatomy were to be chosen every year. X. The Clerk having claimed to provide the napery and vessells, and to appoint the Cook for the Anatomy dinners, alleging an old custom to that effect, it was ordered that he should not again do so as he had aforetime for a " lytle lucer of moneye," but that the Stewards of the Anatomy should make their own provision and "dresse there meate clenly and honestlye because of worshipfull men comyng thereunto," and if the Clerk again offended he was to " paye to the hall for a fyne his half yeres wages w ch is x s - " XII. The Twelve Article is that if Olyver Wilson dothe hereafter speake evill of the M r and governors and thassistaunce of the clothinge or of any of the yomanrye as heretofore he hathe dooen w ch by profe hathe been tryed and therfore hathe been punnished in pryson, yf ever hereafter he dothe the like he to be expelled. Note. — In all cases penalties or punishments were specified for breach of the foregoing ordinances. 5th March, 1556. William Goodwin, Merchant Taylor, leased to the Company for 99 years " all the houses next the hall w th the house of the prevy w'in the hall for yj 1 ' vj s viij d " per annum, the Company to keep the premises in repair. 27th June, 1556. Arnold Tymes, " beare brewer," had a lease of a " gardein lying in easte Smithefelde " for 40 years, paying \2(i. for an earnest penny, and to pay at the sealing of the lease £\, and at the Audit day other £4. oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. lyj 9th July, 1556. John More, Cordwainer, and Richard Wiston, had leases of houses in St. John's, Walbrook, for 30 years from Midsummer, and about this period there are several other notices of leases for 30 years having been granted of property in East Smithfield, Holborn Bridge, and Mugwell Street. 22nd July, 1556. An order was made : — That there shalbe a painter belonge to the hall, and he to have a pencon yerely of vj s viij' 1 by the yere to be payed at fower tymes of the yere and for the same he shall make cleane all the paintinge w'in the hall bothe above and benethe as the Tables in the hall and other things and in the gardein every qiHer of a yere if it so neede : and to amend faults where there ys anye at his owne proper costs and chardgs as is afore declared. 26th August, 1557. It was ordered that Mrs. Dawson, the Widow of one Bryckett — a Toothe drawer shall paye no quartryge to the hawle nor hange oute any signe or clothe \v' h teethe as she hearetofore hath don. 1 2th October, 1557. John West was discharged out of this howse bycawse he wold not abyde y e order of y e M' & gov'nors and one Asheton had lycence to arest hym. Various entries occur about this period of freemen being brought before the Court and punished for using " obrobrious worcles." 9th November, 1557. It was ordered that Robert Postell (Warden 1544) should have a "yerely anewitie oute of thys howse " of 40 s- A freeman before "setting up shop" was required to procure the testimony of one or more citizens that he was worth 10 marks, and to obtain a licence from the Court ; there are numerous examples in point, e.g. : — 16th November, 1557. Heare was before the M r and Gov'nors Rychard Lynley and he had Lycece to sett up hys shoppe and one Johan Coale of the Cytie of London 2 A iyS cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Cytizen and Clothwoorcker Deposed that the sayd Rychard ys worthe and valued of hys proper owne vj 1 ' xiij s iiij d ' 23rd November, 1557. Licence was granted to William Thomlyn — To drawe teethe and to make cleane teethe and no more and he ys so admytted a brother into thys howse but not yet sworne and he hathe payde x s and rest other ten shyllings he wyll brynge in as sowne as he can. nth January, 1558. The same daye Tyndall y e Armorer is dysmyst & shall have no more his fee oute of this howse bycawse he gave none attendance whan o r soldyers wer sett oute to calyce' & John gamlyn is admytted armorer & he to have y e same fee y' tyndall had y' is to saye by the yere x s 19th April, 1558. My lady Aylyff gave a fyne table cloth of damaske worcke to srve for the uppermost table in the hawle the w ch of her jentyllness she gave frely unto this hawle. 22nd November, 1558. An order was made against John John that he should pay 6s. to William Bourne for " ij Barbores potts" which he had lost. 1566. The second volume of Court Minutes contains a long list of " Lawes Actes and Ordenances " enacted by the Court in 1566, but as many of these are not of sufficient interest to warrant transcribing, the headings of such will only be given here. 1. An order to avoied grudg or displeasure for the eleccon. This was that no one was to " fynd fault " with the election of Master or Governors if the persons so elected should at any time be chosen out of their turn. 2. An order that solempne service be saied one the day of Eleccon. Also yt is ordayned that the M r and gov^noures of the saied mystery for the tyme beinge yerelye uppon the daye of eleccon of the newe M r and governoures shall cause Devine service solempnely to be kepte at the churche therefore to be appoynted. 1 Calais. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ijqj And that the whole company of the Clothinge or Lyverye of the said ffellowshippe shall p sonallye be present at the same yf there be no Lawful 1 and reasonable cause of Absence to be allowed of by the M r and governo rs of the sayed mysterye uppon payne that whosoev absenteth hym self shall for ev r 'y suche default paye xij d - The said service to be at the charges of the common Boxe. 3. An order ffor the allowance of the Dynner one the daye of Eleccon. This directed that ,£13 6.v. 8d. should be allowed yearly towards the Election Dinner out of the common box. 4. An order that y° Clothing shall bring home the M r & gov'nors in their LyVyes. Also yt is also ordayned y' uppon the day of the Eleccon of the newe M r and governoures of the saied mysterye After that they shall be chosen and that suche of them as be present have taken their othe that then they and every off them shalbe had home unto their howses with the Lyvery or Clothinge and their hoodds uppon their shoulders accordinge unto an ould custome heretofore used. 5. An order howe ev°y man shall behave hym self in the Court tyme. This relates to the order in which the members of the Court shall speak upon any debated point ; the Master to speak first, the Upper Governor next, and so on down to the junior Assistant, and, in the event of the Court being equally divided, the Master to have the casting vote. 6. An order that ev°ye one of thassistaunce shall come to all courts of Assist 5 - 7. An ordre against the Lettinge out of the Hall. The Hall was not to be used or let out for "weddings sportes or games therein or playes or dauncinge or for any other like entente," but by permission of the Court. 8. An ordre that y c M r and upper governor shall quarterlye take accompte of the youngre gov'no'- 9. An order that y e younger govV shall quarfly make an accompte to the M r & upp r govVior. 2 A 2 180 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. io. An order concernynge the younger govYior his receipts & payments and to see all repacons' done. ii. An order concerninge the Secound gov°nors receiptes and payments. 12. An ordre concernynge y e examynacon of such as shall be admytted Surgeons. No one was to be examined for admission to practise Surgery but in the Common Hall, and in the presence of at least three Examiners and one or more of the Masters or Governors. 13. An order that everie man of the said company shall abide the ordre and award made by the M r and governors. 14. An order that no pacient be brought unto the hall one y e Court dayes. 15. An order for chosenge M rs and Stewards of thannothomye. There shall be chosen yerelye for ever two Masters and twoe Stewardes for the Anathomyes and that those twoe whiche were Stewardes the one yere shalbe Masters of The Anathomies the nexte yere ensewinge To thende that thereby yt maybe betf? knowne howe to wourke and make the same. 16. An order concerninge the Anathomyes. This provided that all anatomies, whether public or private should be made at the Hall and "that all private Anathomyes shall reverently from hensforth be buryed as publick Anathomyes ar for the worshippe of the said mysterye, any skelliton to be made onelye excepted." 17. An order that none supplant or take anothers cure from him one paine of v 1 '- 18. An order that none take any app''ntice for Surgerie but that he can write & reade. 19. An order how many s'Vnts ev'y man may kepe. No liveryman was to keep more than four apprentices or servants working in his art, and no freeman more than three. ' Reparations (of the Company's houses). cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 181 20. An order that none use eny mann r of Barbory on Sundayes. Yt is ordayned that none of the said mysterye usinge any man n of Barberye shall uppon any sondaye shave wasshe poule or trymme any manne or w th any Instrum' to make cleane teeth either w' h in his howsse or in any other place elles where privelye or appartlye uppon payne of forfeture of xl s - 21. An order that none doe make any shewe of Barborye one Sonndais or other holy days. This provides that Barbers shall not " hange upp set or put out any bason or basons pott or potts uppon his poule Racke shoppe windowes or otherwise " on Sundays or holy days, and is the earliest mention of the " Barbers' pole" in our Books. 22. An order that assistaunts maye be made nev beinge any Governor. 23. An order that none being out of thassistants com into the plor except he be called. 24. An order that no courte of Assistaunce be houlden one the tuesdayes. Tuesdays were set apart for Lectures and for the ordinary or Monthly Courts ; no reason is given why Courts of Assistants should not be held on the Tuesdays. 25. An order for the p'sentacon of apprentices before they be boundc. Every apprentice was to be presented to the Court that they might " uppon the sight of him allowe hymme to be cleane in pson and Lymme and meete for the excersycinge of the same mysterye." 26. An order that none put away his app'Vitice before the cause be knowne before y e M r & gov p nors. 27. An order that none lett any bloud stand to the annoyaunce of the people. " Barbours excercyseinge fleabothomye or bloud lettinge " were not to show blood in vessels in their windows. 1 82 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 28. An order that all p°sentac6ns in Surgery shalbe p°sented to the M r w th his governoures for the tyme beinge. This order provided that any Surgeon having a patient in peril of " mayme " or death, was to "present" or make known the case to the Governors within three days, and the Court would then appoint certain expert Surgeons to see the patient and assist in the cure. There are scores of entries in the books of Surgeons being fined for not " presenting" patients. 29. An order that none take any p'sentacons but y 1 ' M' & gov'noures for the tyme beinge. 30. An order that the M r and governoures and their deputies shall goe to the poore as well as to the rich. Any Master or Governor being sent for to see a sick or hurt person and refusing to go without payment, was to forfeit 20 s - 31. An order for puttinge the rules in execucon. 32. An order for multipliinge speche in the corte tyme. This was an early form of closure directed against such members of the Court as were given to an over-indulgence in oratory. 33. A rule for order in goinge. Every member of the Company was to take his place according to precedence, at burials, anniversaries, Courts, etc.: — And if anie of them of any scrypulosytie frowardnes folly e or pusyllanimity refuse to take his owne romme or place accordinge to the order in good obedyent manner he was to be fined i2 rt 34. An order for the view. This relates to the yearly inspection of the Company's property. 4th March, 1566. In Thys Courte Willfh Gyllam was discharged and released oute of warde and hath [id his arerages and he hathe confessied y' Richard Bromehed doth shave the vycar of Stepney in his howse every sondaye.. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 183 4th July, 1566. It was ordained that if any of the Court hereafter might "happen to lyght or fall into povertie or dekaye" that he should have a pension out of the Common box. One who had served as Master was to have per ann. ,£4 ; an Upper Governor £$ ; Second Governor £2 ; Younger Governor £1 ; and an Assistant 13J. \d. It was also ordained that Thomas Hall should have an exhibition of 405. per annum— towardes hys studye in the unyvercytie for Surgery anexynge physycke thereunto, and thereby hereafter to p°phet his other brethren beynge of this sayde mystery and comynaltie usynge and ocupyenge the sayde syence & arte w"'in the cytie of London by Readynge lectures unto them in y e Comon Hall and other wyse by his councell conynge and knowlege in the same science & arte of Surgery. It was also ordained that whenever the Lord Mayor should invite the Masters and Governors to dine with him, that — then and there after the same dynner ys don The M r or gov°nors shall make his oracyon or request in the behalf of the sayde Company as to hys wysdome yt shall seme best in most descrytest maner and shall then geve and delyver unto the sayde Lorde maior of lawful mony in golde I s and in orther corrant mony iij s iiij d that is foure marks by waye as a good wyll of the same Company. Also It ys Ordayned That god callyng oute or frome this Trancytory vale or worlde any of this saide Company decessed and beynge w"'in the clothing or lyvery of the same, his best hood shalbe layed upon the hearse and unto the churche and y r upon yt shall so remayne untyll the takynge of of the said herce clothe w ch is used at the goynge forth of the M r gov^nors & company of the clothinge oute of the churche & the corps goynge to be buryed. And then and y r the clarke of the saide Company shall take the same hood and [it] shalbe his p°per owne of dewtie. (In default the widow or executor was to pay 6s. Sd.) The Beadle was directed to look after, and to help in removing back to the Hall, the standings, banners, carpets, etc., after they had been used on any public occasion, and a small yearly fee was to be allowed him for this service. 1 Off. i 84 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 3rd November, 1566. Edward Parke, referred to in the next minute, was constantly getting into trouble, and sometimes into the Compter : — Here was Thomas Lambkyn & John Merryt wytnesses against Edward Parke for y' he saide he wolde not coirie to the Courte beynge warned & y' yf the M r coifiytted hym to warde he wolde brynge the M r before the lorde cheefe Justice And yt is ordered y' the saide Parke shall [be] & is upon his humble submyssion remytted. 1 6th Jan., 1567. The old vellum book of ordinances, etc., containing portions of the four Gospels in Latin, and still in our possession is probably the book referred to in the minute of this date, which states that Willm Grene had " taken an othe upon the blacke booke that serveth in this howse for the same purpose." 13th Nov., 1567. Yt ys ordayned that Wyllyam Bull Chrystofor Swalldell William Crowe Wyllyam Grene Henry Rankyn and Leonard Coxe is elected to be of the clothyng and Lyvery and that theyre hoods shalbe by the M r for the tyme beyng put upon theyre shoulders w ,h in the p^lor one Chrystmas day next ensuyng before the company go to pawles to weyghte on the lorde mayor, unto the olde usuage in that behalf provyded accordyngly. 27th Jan., 1568. In this court Rich Hughes is graunted to have the hall to kepe a maryage in upon Sonday So" a sevenighte. Again this year a licence for a similar purpose was granted to Francis Partridge, and there are other instances. 1 8th May, 1568. In this Courte here was Phillip Jorden for trymynge on the Sondayes & for now he is forgeven beynge the fyrst tyme. 13th Oct., 1568. Here was W m fferrat for Trymyng upon the Sonday but he wyll do yt no more here after. About this period there were numerous cases of Sunday trading before the Court, and in many instances the offenders were fined or imprisoned. 1 Come. zA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons. 185 9th Nov., 1568. In thys Courte here was Rich Roberts and he is comanded that he shall agree w th this mystery as a brother or ells he to shutte up his shoppe and ocupye no more but as a servant upon the penalities of the statute. 10th March, 1569. It was ordered : — That Richard Wysto for his mysdemeanor and unquyet behaveor and beyng a troublesom p°son, so that the courte of assystents canne neyther thincke well or good on hym, therupon and therfore he the saide Richard Wysto is relynquyshed depryved and dysmyst of his office and yong r gov'norshyp and also fourth of assystents of the saide mystery. Wysto appears from time to time to have given the Court trouble, his offence on this particular occasion being that he had ordered his apprentice to let a man blood in the Compter contrary to the order of the Aldermen. Wysto was contumacious for a long period, but seems on 17th July, 1572, to have made humble submission and apology, whereupon an order was made " That none do stirre upp any talke consrninge the deprivacon or submyssion of Ric. Wistowe " ; he was subsequently re-admitted on to the Court and served Master 1586, but the animus against him revived, and on 7th November, 1587, certain parties were before the Court for reviling him on the old score, and were duly threatened and admonished as to their future behaviour. 22nd November, 1569. Here was Phillip Jordan for trymming upon the sabboth daye and he once agayne is warned upon the penalltie of the acte that he do y' hence forwardes no more (see 18th May, 1568). 10th October, 1570. Margaret y l was M r Vaughan' his mayde is graunted to kepe one Sonday her wedyng in the hall & no more. 1568 to 1570. There are several entries in the books of members of the Court being removed for misbehaviour. 1 George Vaughan, Master 1569. 2 B i86 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 27th January, 1 57 1. It was ordered that — a newe Bayle be made to thentent them of the clothing of this mysterie maie decentlie stand to attend all soch tymes as it shall please the Queenes ma" e to come through the citie of London. The Bayle was a movable stand or platform ; there are various notices as to the one previously in use, having been out of repair. It was taken out on all great days of processions or triumphs and on Christmas day when the " lorde maior went to Poules," and numerous references are also made to the Company's banners which accompanied it. 19th January, 1573. Here was Willfn Carrington for havinge iiij servaunts one Christmas even and ordre was taken that he should laye downe his ffyne. 15th March, 1573. Here was a question moved concerninge takynge in certeyne into the Assystaunce But the howsse would not consent to the takinge in of any more for that there were alredye xxviij p'sones. Here was a question moved concernynge the takinge in of certayne p°sons into the clothinge but the house did not think good to take in anye for that the nomber is alredy fyftye. 26th May, 1573. Here was John Johnsonne and brought in his fyne for kepinge a foryner uncest xx d ' There are frequent entries of freemen being fined for not "cessing" foreigners and journeymen, and for teaching foreigners their "science." It would seem from the following precise minute that commit- ments to prison were made by the Court direct, and not always upon Warrants obtained from the Lord Mayor or a Justice. 15th March, 1575. Here was one M°kes [Markes] servnte w"' M' Tholmwood sometyme, sent to the Compter by Willfn Eden Clark to this misterye for not p'Yorming an Awarde made betwene the saide M r Tholmwood and the saide M°kes and divers others stubborne and lewde behavio" The comitte"" made by the saide M'and Wardens. oA 'id nils of the Barber-Surgeons. 187 22nd March, 1575. Here was John Clark sessed w"' Edward Park for two yeres to begin at the ffeast of Thannunc of o r Ladye next viz'- the first yeare xxij s and a payre of hose, the seconde yere xxvj s viij d a payre of hose and a Capp. 15th May, 1575. Here was a p°sept sent by my Lo'de maior straitly charging and commandinge the companye in her Majesties name that they take immediate order that theyr s vaunts and appntices nor any of them in any wyse or sorte do mysuse annye svyng man page or lackey or anye other p°son that shal goo throwe the streets of this Cittee, nor shall attempt anything to the breach of her Ma ,ies peace either in wordes acts countenaunce or otherwise at their uttmost p°yll, whereupon all the whole Companye were sent for and had that Comaundement. 1577. Thomas Hall (see 4th July, 1566) was appointed an Examiner in Surgery and to dissect the anatomies for ten years. There are several instances of exhibitions to sons of freemen (generally 405. a year), to enable them to study at Oxford and Cambridge, and these entries extend over a great many years. 22nd Oct., 1577. Here was M r Skarlet the Quenes Bargeman and he p°mised the Companie that they shoulde have a barge called the Greyhounde belonging to the maydes of honor for lij s iiij d yf my Lorde maior do go unto westn?. This sum would not of course include the Bargemaster's or his men's fees for their services, or the providing banners, accessories or attendants, all of which were paid for by the Company in addition. 23rd July, 1582. At this Co°te John Yates Thomas Lamkin and Edward Parke were dismist from their places and owte of thassistance for revelinge of secrets contrarie to a rule in that case p\ided. 6th March, 1583. Yt was agreed that whereas a dcmaunde was made by the L. Maio' and Co'te of Alderme unto o r Companie for a contribution of certein monie for certeine Landes we hold as the saide Corte gave in Certificate of John Johnsons guifte for thuse of an obit. The answere was made by the consent of the said Masters that this house will joyne w ,h other Companies in the charge accordinge to their porcons. 2 B 2 1 88 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 21st Nov., 1583. Mr. Banester, a liveryman, being indebted to the Company ,£5, gave a "watche or clock" and it was ordered that his debt should be cancelled in consideration of this gift. The following minute refers to the obit for John Johnson (vide 6th March, 1583) the property having been declared to be held for superstitious uses, the Company purchased their right to retain its possession for ^13 65. Sd. 5th July, 1585. At this Co'te yt was agreed That whereas a Tente in Tower streate belonginge to this house ys founde [to] be concealled Landes. That the pattenist should have for agreament to have o r Tente surelie the some of xx tic markes. The next is a curious instance of an ancient tenure. 29th Sept., 1586. A lease for 21 years of a house in East Smithfield was granted to Humphry Rowland at £6 per annum, and the said Humphry was to — deliv r and geve unto the saide masters and to suche as shall come w" 1 them to viewe the said Tente yerely the nombre of xviij shoing homes franck and ffree. 14th Aug., 1587. It was also condiscended and agreed That the newe masters or governo' 5 of this o r Company shall evy yeare on the daie of o r Elleccon of them be brought home to their howses with the Levery or some pte of them as heretofore hathe ben accustomed evy one wearinge his hood in decent order. 6th July, 1592. Certein newe silver booles are to be bought for those p°cell gilt booles w ch were the guifte of M r Vaughan. oth February, 1596. It was agreed for "the taking in of the water w ch cometh from the Themes by pipes into this howse." Hereto- fore the water had been supplied from a well, and later on by a leaden " pomp." 1596. In this year a curious episode occurred, which showed that the Court were not unwilling to shield their freemen when o/lnimls of the Barber-Surgeons. i8q offending, if the party taking action against the offender did not belong to the Company. Four freemen (one being an Assistant) had been "put into" the Court of Exchequer by "one Holmes an Informer for using both Barbery and Chirurgery against the Statute," and the Court, without troubling to enquire if the offence had been committed or not, ordered that £10 should be lent the parties to assist them in defending the suit. At the next Court the matter was much debated as to whether the Barber-Surgeons should go on with their defence or make terms with the informer, and the parties them- selves were consulted, whereupon it was finally decided "among themselves to agree w th the said Informer w ch they related to the whole Corte, whereupon the Corte rose and the said pties made their owne agreement privately w th the saied Informer to their best likinge." ioth December, 1596. Mr. Storer came to the Court and agreed with the Company, by indenture, in consideration of £5 per annum for seven years, to relieve the Company from all charges in respect of the provision of grain for serving the market during that period. 9th June, 1597. This daie one septer or mace and twoe pictures latelye and verye loveingelye given to this Companye by William Martyn' of the Clothinge in token of his love to this house was presented to this Courte and verye gratefullye accepted. This daie one cupp made of an Ostridge Egge or shell and sett in silver and guilte given by the laste will and testamente of M r Thomas Bankes divers tymes M r of this Companye was likewise presented to this Courte and verye gratefullye accepted. 15th Jany., 1598. This daie William Clare one of the Lorde Maiors serjeantes at mace is chosen officer of this house and where his fee to fore was but vj s viij d per Ann it is nowe by this Courte uppon good consideracon augmented to x s p Anil and John Smith in his absence is appointed deputye. 1 Master 1606. ujo oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The duty of this officer was to attend the Courts of Assistants and to arrest and convey to the Compter such persons as were committed. 30th Jan., 1598. Nicholas Kellaway, in consideration of his years, was excused serving the offices of Steward and Master of the Anatomy and " freelye gave one standinge cup double guilte w ch was kindely accepted." 14th Aug., 1598. There is under this date an interesting account of the Election of Master and Wardens ; twelve Electors from among the Livery were appointed : — Which electors after they had their chardge given them by the Maisters or Governors of this Companye and their several] billes for the eleccon delivered unto them after longe and deliberate consideracbn had, did electe for the Maister John Leycocke and for the upper Governor John Burgis and for the seconde Governor John Pecke and for the yongeste Governor Roberte Johnson Which saide John Leycocke beinge not then presente the garlande accordinge to the manner and custome of this house was by the Maister for the yeare paste placed uppon the heade of Mr. Docter Browne as deputye for the saide John Leycocke, after which another garlande was likewise placed uppon the heede of the saide John Burgis by the upper governor And a like garlande tendered to the saide John Pecke which he utterlye refused and for the same was fined at ffortye shillinges which fine he paid accordinglye likewise a nother garlande was placed by the yongeste Governor uppon the heade of the said Roberte Johnson and by him gratefullye accepted And the saide Maister Burgis and M r - Johnson were sworne standinge for the due execucon of their offices. 1598. In the Minute Book commencing 1598 there are scores of cases of Barbers being fined for working on Sundays; the informant was generally the Beadle, and it is amusing to note how frequently a delinquent, after purging himself by a fine, voluntarily took to the office of Informer against his brother Barbers. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. i q i Many Barbers and Surgeons were fined for presuming to "sett up shoppe" without licence, here is an instance: — 28th November, 1598. This daye George Collimer appeared before the M rs of this Companye and had daye till the next court to bringe in his fine for openinge his shop w"'out licence. nth December, 1598. This daye Thomas Powell appeared before the M' s for workinge on the saboth daye and puteth him self uppon his tryall, wherefore he is comaunded to attend here the next Court And in the meane tyme for his unrev°ent behaviour towards the M' is comitted to the Compf- 15th January, 1599. Where divers grudges and manye greate inconveniencies have happened amongest suche as have benne familiar frendes and brothers of this Societye by the unadvised rashnes of some of the Assistance of this Companie whoe have disclosed and revealed suche secretes as have bene advisedlye and discretlye for the benefit of the said Companye spoken in the courte tyme Contrarye to the solempne othes of suche assistant to the greate dishoner of god and scandall to the said Companye, ffor reformacon whereof it is ordered by consente of a full Courte of Assistance That if at any tyme hereafter any of the Assistance of this ffelowship shall utter or reveale to any other p°son beinge not Assistante any secretes uttered and spoken at any courte which oughte not to be uttered or revealed And also if any Elector of the M r or Governors for the tyme beinge shall at any tyme hereafter utter or reveale any speches concerninge the election to any person which oughte not to knowe the same suche person soe offendinge and due proffe thereof made, beinge of the Assistance shalbe dismissed oute of his place and livery, and beinge onlye of the livery shalbe dismissed oute of the liverye. Where this house hath a barrel of Gunpowder It is ordered that the same be soulde to the beste benifitt of this house. 30th January, 1599. This daie Edward Downes was comitted to the Compter for calleinge villayne before the maisters of the Companye. 6th February, 1599. It is ordered that John Mullines shalbe comitted to the Compter for his disobedience in not payeinge his debte to this house. iQ2 cA * finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 17th April, 1599. This daie Michaell Bullocke complayneth of William Webbe forren brother for workeinge with Henrye Needeham beinge not ceassed with him and for grindeinge of rasares' And Needeham is to be warned to the nexte Courte. 8th May, 1599. Marmaduke Jefferson hath till the nexte Courte to bring in his fine for hangeinge oute his basones on maye daie. 5th July, 1599. Richard Sprignall, to be excused serving the office of Master, presented a — drinckeinge cupp made of a nutte and garnished with silver and guilte which was thankfullye accepted. 17th July, 1599. This daie William Lacye is Comitted to the Compter for his contemptious behaviour towardes the Maisters of the Companye and for workinge in the trade of barberie beinge noe freeman. 24th July, 1599. This daie Richard Samborne complayned of one Phillip Winter for settinge upp a shoppe in paules church yarde beinge not free. It is ordered that the saide Winter shalbe comitted to prison untill he be free, or bounde before my lorde Maior to departe the Citye. This daie Gabriell Hunte appeared before the Maisters and was comitted to prison for workeinge on the sabouth daies. 30th July, 1599. This daie Thomas Hobbes hath lycence of the Maisters to sue Thomas Watson at the Comon lawe for not accomptinge with him for iij 1 '- due in the tyme of his apprentishipp. 13th August, 1599. It was further ordered that because this tyme is troblesom and to avoyde the evill speches of men, that there shoulde go home with the Maister but eighte of the liverye and with the rest of the Governors sixe a peece and that withoute their hoodes. 29th May, 1600. It was ordered that two streamers and two banners should be purchased to garnish the Company's barge. 3rd July, 1600. This daye Anthony Millington Esquier Executor to the laste Will and Testament of Elizabeth Scoloker deceased payd unto the M rs viz., M r Wood 1 Razors. ?/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons. i gj M' Dardes & M r Martin a legacy of tenne poundes by the sayd Elizabeth bequeathed to this Company whereuppon it is ordered that there be a Cup made w" 1 the same money And that her name be ingraven uppon it as a thinge geven by her. nth Aug., 1600. Whereas Thomas Cole a verye disobedient and pervers brother of this Companye did verye disobedientlie and perversely behave himselfe towardes the Maisters or Governors in the presents of the Assistants and liverye there assembled And alsoe for that hee refused to paie the musicions iiij d according to order It is ordered by the consent of a full Courte of Assistants and of the reste of the assemblie that he be dismissed oute of the liverye of this Companye And not to be warned to any assemblies or meetinges in other sorte then one" of the yeomanrie till it shall please a Courte of Assistants at the like tyme to restore him to his former place, yet he is to paye his quarterage dulye. Thomas Cole reformed his ways, and was subsequently re-admitted to the Livery. 4th Nov., 1600. This daye it is ordered that Wheelis dwellinge in Longe Lane take downe his basons and make no shewe towardes the streete uppon payne to be comitted to the Compter. 22nd Apl., 1 60 1. This daye where this howse alloweth but v 5 to the parson of St. Olaves for his sermon on the Election daye It is ordered by this Court that the same be augmented to x s - 5th May, 1 60 1. This daie Henry Eaton uppon warninge appeared before the maisters or Governors for keepinge a forren Jorneyman whereuppon it was ordered that the said Eaton shoulde put a waie the said fforren before the next courte daye. 30th June, 1 60 1. Noah Bayley, a Surgeon, who for two or three years past had continually been complained of for various offences, and disagreements with patients and apprentices, came at last to grief, for having — not onely abused M r Warden Thorney w th reprochefull & slanderous speeches but also M r Mapes and M 1 ' ffenton twoe of the assistants of this Company making mowes 2 and mockinge them as they sate in the Courte in contempt of the said Court it was ordered that hee therefore shalbe comitted to the Compter uppon the Lo : Maiors commaundement for example of oth rs - 1 Than as one. * Mouths. 2 C ip4 c/Jiiimls of the Barber-Surgeons. 22nd September, 1601. This daye Richard Higgins was committed to the Compter by the M rs uppon the Lo : Maiors commaundm 1 for refuseinge to paye his fine for his absence from the hall at the daye of gen'all Rules. This day Thomas Allen ' was fined for his absence from the said rules. 6th October, 1601. This daye it was ordered that Will"' Braye for certayne speeches & for his misbehaviour towards M r Warden Atmer should be p°sently comitted to the Compter, of w ch imprisonm' at his humble suite and uppon his submission to the said M r Atm r hee was dischardged of his said imprisonm'- 10th October, 1601. This daye Will™ Deepeinge Owin Jones and Edward Waterhowse were appoynted for three of the wiflers for the yere ensuinge. A committee was ordered to meet at " M cers Chappell by sixe of the Clock in the morninge to viewe the repacSns of the howses belonginge to this Company." How many members of the Court would now attend at 6 a.m. in chill October? 27th October, 1601. This daye it is ordered that the M™ of this Company & also M r Bird M r Wood M r John Izard Thomas Thorney William Martin & John Gerrard 2 be warned to meete on ffrydaye next by sixe of the clock in the morninge to goe on serch accordinge to custome. 23rd February, 1602. This daye it is ordered that Richard Jackson a brother of this Company shall be committed to the Compt' for not appearinge before the M re uppon warninge to answer the complaint of Edward Bird his apprentice. 22nd March, 1602. This daye it is ordered that John Rea Strang' shall be committed to the Compter for settinge out his billes 3 uppon the gates & oth r places in the Cytie contrary to his tolleracon. 30th March, 1602. This daye it is ordered that M' Warden ffrederick M r Thorney M r Will" 1 Martin M' John Peck M r Gerrard r & M r ffenton shall meate on ffrydaye next by eyghte of the clock in the morninge at Lyon Key to goe from thence to my Lord Admirall 4 to complayne against Robert Derham for his contempt in refusinge her Mat s imprest. 1 First .Master of Dulwich College. - The celebrated herbalist. 3 Probably quack doctor's advertisements. ' The Earl of Nottingham, at Greenwich. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 93 13th April, 1602. This daye Robert Durham (Derham) appeared before the M rs of this Company of his owne voluntary And it was by this Courte ordered that for his sev°all contempts of this Company aswel in their serch as in their prest hee should bee committed to the Compt r uppon the Lord Maiors Commaundem 1 whereuppon hee was sent to the Compter But at the speciall instance and request of one M r Meredith and M r Morgan twoe of the said Derhams ffrendes hee was sent for back agayne and uppon his humble submission & intreaty hee was dischardged of his imprisonment And thereuppon did promise to be obedient to this Company at all tymes hereaft'- 24th November, 1602. This daye it is ordered by the M rs or Governors of this Company that Robert Redhead one of the Lord Maiors officers shalbe officer to this Company as aft r the decease of Will" 1 Clare And to have such fee for the same as the said Willm Clare held the same And also hee is to be confirmed in the same place by the next court of Assistance. 20th March, 1604. This daye it is ordered that on thursdaye next the M rs of this Company shall attend the Lord Maior to knowe his pleasure concerninge their places of standinges. The Masters on this occasion procured an order of the Court of Aldermen ranking the Company as sixteenth in order of precedence, and this is set forth in the Minute Book as follows : — 17th April, 1604. Jl gjopic of an order of Courte set downe the daye and yere hereaft'' expressed concerninge the place of this Company in all assemblies of the Companyes of this Cytie. gilarfts decimo septimo die Aprilis 1604 Annoq^ regni Dili nri Jacobi Regis Anglie &c scdo. Bennet \ Soane Garrard Lee Hollydaye Wattes Rowe Craven Anderson Swynerton Maior ) Hayes ac Romney un vie &c. ^3l?ere it appeareth to this Court aswell by the humble supplicacon of the Maisters or Gov°nors of the Mistery & Coialtye of Barbors and Chirurgeons of this Cytie as by an ord r taken by the same Courte the fowerth daye of ffebruary in the tyme of the Maioraltie of S r Stephen Peacock knighte and in the fower and twenteth yere of the 2 C 2 iq6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. reigne of the Late Kinge of famous memory Kinge Henry the eight That the M rs or Governors of the said mistery & Coialty of Barbors & Chirurgeons & their p'decessors in the order of their goinges standinges rydinges sittinges & oth r assemblies of the liv°yes of the sev'all Companyes of this ho : Cytie have bene alwayes tyme oute of mynde reputed taken & placed as the seaventeneth Company amongest oth re the sev°all Companyes of this Cytie next & imediatly from & aft r the Company of Mercers Grocers Drap°s ffishemongers Goldsmythes Skinners Marchaunttaylors Haberdashers Salters Iremongers Vinteners Stockfishmongers Clothworkers Brewers Lethersellers and Pewterers And forasmuch as it doth likewise appeare to this Co'te that sythens the makeinge and establisheinge of the said order the said M rs or Governo ri of the said Mistery and Coialtie of Barbors and Surgeons have enjoyed the Benifit of the said order and borne all chardges taxes and contributions whatsoev' imposed on them from tyme to tyme w' h credytt to the good likinge of the Magistrats and Governors of this Cyttie as well as other Companies of like sorte and State have done And yett notw ,h standing of late at the Royall passages of the Kinge and Queenes most exelent Ma" es and the prince of wales attended by the Nobilitie and gentry of the land through this Cyttie on the fifteenth daie of March last when through ignorance theie were misplaced by the Comittie appoynted by this Cyttie for the mannaginge of those affaires. It is therefore this daie upon due consideration had of the p^isses, and for that the said Company of Stockfyshmongers have bene since the tyme of the said order wholelie dissolved and abrogated and noe Company or Corporacon remayninge w ,h in this Cyttie of that name, ordered and decreed that the said M' s or Governors of the said Misterie and Coialtie of Barbors and Surgeons shalbe from hence- forth reputed taken and placed as the syxeteenth Companie w' h in this Cyttie in all theire goeings rydinges sytteinges standeinges and assemblies whatsoever, any misplaceinge of them on the said fifteenth daie of March last to the contrary notw"'standinge. Sebright. 22nd May, 1604. This daie it is ordered that from henceforth the Clark of this Companie shall against ev 9 y Courte daie bestowe iiij d in hearbes and flowers. 1 2th June, 1604. This daye Will 1 " Wrighte a very disobedyent Broth' of this Company was accordinge to the Rules of this howse fined at vj s viij d for callinge the officers of this howse knaves and for other his lewde & disobedient behaviour and is to bringe it into this Court on tewsedaye next. 8th November, 1604. Mr. Thomas Goodall and Mr. Kellaway were each fined 10s. "for not riedinge w th the M rs when the kinge came through the city " (probably in March last). .. - '• "' ■■" '••"/>■ Iff.) cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. /gj 5th February, 1605. This daye Marcus Davie appeared before the M rs and was rebuked for shewinge the Copie of or Chre' to a Scrivener. 28th February, 1605. This daye it is ordered that the numb' of 16 p n sons of the Assistance of this Company shalbe accompted a full Court of Assistance. It was also ordered that a " fay re parchem' booke " be bought for engrossing therein the Charters of the Company ; this book is still in our possession. 28th February, 1605. This daye M r Warden ffrederick made request to have a Deputie to supplie his place and office of upper warden and to sit in his place till his retorne from Spayne whith' the saide M r ffrederick is bounde And alsoe to kepe his keyes whereuppon it was ordered that he should make choyce of any sufficient man of the Assistant^ to keepe his keyes in his absens if hee pleased. But it was denyed that any should sit in his place as deputy. Christopher Frederick was Serjeant-Surgeon to the King, and father of Sir John Frederick, Lord Mayor in 1661. He was of alien birth and did not work harmoniously with the Court of Assistants. In Repertory xxvii. fo. 117 (at Guildhall), is an order of the Court of Aldermen that Sir Thomas Garrard and four other Aldermen were to call the Master and Wardens and Mr. Frederick before them and to end their controversies (which, however, they did not succeed in doing). 2 1 st March, 1605. Mr. Frederick brought a letter to the Court from the Earl of Nottingham, saying it was the King's pleasure that Mr. Frederick should appoint a deputy to act as Warden in his place, whilst he was away with the King in Spain, but the Court adhered to its decision of 28th February. This daye M r Warden ffrederick p^sented to this Court a letter wrytten to the M rs or Governors & Assistants of this Company the contents thereof hereafter ensueth, viz'- : Aft r my very hearty commendactins I have thoughte good to signifie unto you his Ma ties pleasure That I should have to attend me in this my ambassage into Spayne 1 Charter. ip8 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. Mr. Xpofer ffrederick one of the nowe Governors of yo r Company w ch by reason of the place hee berelh amongest you can hardely be spared nevertheles because the necessytie of the service urgeth the same It is thought fit by his Ma' ie that hee shall noiat and appoynt such a sufficient man to execute his place in his absens as fonrPly hath borne that office, wherefore I doubt not but you will admitt and allowe of such a one as for that purpose hee shall noiat to sit in his absens as his deputy who shalbe answerable for all matt s as if M r ffrederick were there himself So to continue eyth r untill the tyme of the yere that you make choyce of some other p°sone fit for the same or M r ffrederickf retorne oute of Spayne w ch shall first happen, of whose ready care to satisfie the Kinges expectaetin and my desyre I dowbte not And evenso I bid you righte hartely farewell, ffrom Arnedell howse the ix ,h of March 1604. 1 Yo r very lovinge frend Notingham 2 I do praye you that Will 1 " Martin be excepted 3 in his place till M r ffrederick^ retorne Notingham 26th March, 1605. This daye M r James Hodson one of the tenaunts of this Company accordinge to an order of a Court of Assisstance payd to the M re his fyne ot L u for his lease And had lycence graunted unto him to demyse the tenement w ch hee holdeth of this Company or any pfe thereof And did p°mise to geve unto this howse one hogshead of clarret wyne when it should for the use of this howse be called for & demaunded. 9th April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Humfrey Gorston bringe in his fyne at the next Courte for teachinge of a forren his Art. 1 6th April, 1605. This daye Stephen Abraham was commaunded [to] geve over his keepinge a barbors shop in Phillip Lane untill hee shalbe made free of this Company uppon payne of imprisonment. 23rd April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Stephen Abraham be committed to the Compter for contempt of the M" 5 order heretofore set downe. 1 l6oi. - Lord High Admiral. 3 Accepted. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. iqq Abraham must have instantly obeyed the order, and shut up his shop in Phillip Lane, and directly afterwards have opened another in Finch Lane, for we read : — 30th April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Stephen Abraham shall take downe his basons and geve over his shop in ffynch Lane and shall continue w th his mris mris Smyth orels to be committed to prison. 24th May, 1605. fforasmuch as Mathew Peele a broth' of this Company hath delt underhand w th the tenante in possession of the howse where in one Edward Sares lately dwelt at Dowgate, makinge the tenant to beleeve that hee the sayd Mathew Peele had a lease graunted unto him from this howse of the same and p°ffered to sell the same to the said tenaunt where there is no such thinge to him graunted. It is therefore ordered that an order made the xviij" 1 of March whereby it was determyned that the sayd Mathew Peele should have the first puffer of the next tenem' that should fall voyde of this Company better cheape by x" then any oth' p'son shalbe voyde & of none effect to all intents & constructions. nth June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Willfn Wrighte shalbe committed to the Compter for abuseinge the late M ra of this Company. 25th June, 1605. This daye John Crispe dwellinge in St. Martins Barbor is dischardged from kepeinge a shop. 1 2th September, 1605. This day it was agreed that the p^nte M rs shall p ceed to build againe the wall latelie taken downe betwixt o' yard and the Bulwark w th Brick only And the same to be correspondent to the reste of the bricke wall of the said yard In which wall they are to cause to be made and placed such and so many convenient wyndowes w th lettice and casement^ as they shall thincke fitt. And it is further agreed by the consent of the Court that they shall proceed w"' the worcke now in hand for the erectinge of a steyre and steyrecase to be made to passe through the p°lor into the said Bullwarke or garden plott And the same to be finished and done in such mann° and forme as the said M 15 shall thincke fitt And also shall repaire and amend the defectf of the wainscott in the said p n lor where need shall require. And that such chardges shalbe borne by this house as shalbe in that behalf disburssed. 26th September, 1605. This day M' Nicholas Collins is chosen to be of Councell w th this Company and is to have a fee of xl s p° aim. and is to continue in the same place so longe as it shall please the Assistant^ of the same Company. 20 o o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ist October, 1605. This day William Gravenor was fined for hanginge out of his basons on Bartholomew day And also Humphry Gorston. This day there was redd to this Court a Ire directed from Doctor Browne to the said court importinge that Christopher ffredricke was as forward in his advice as in his Assistaunce in the cuttinge of S r Anthony Cooke as M r ffenton was. About the year 1605 the Court were at law with Mr. Frederick as appears by the Wardens' accounts, though there is no reference to the subject of the dispute in the Minutes, beyond the above reference to a surgical operation performed on Sir A. Cooke, and the controversy about the Deputy Warden when Mr. Frederick went to Spain. Mr. Frederick was alien born, and the following order, without doubt, had a reference to this circumstance : — 10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered that from henceforth no Alien or stranger borne out of his Matf dominions shall hereafter be capable or eligible to beare or take upon him any place or places or office of a M r or Governour of this Company And that an ordinaunce shalbe p^ntlie drawne to such purpose if by o r Councell wee shalbe advised so to doe. The above order was rescinded 21st July, 1608. 8th October, 1605. This day Thomas Emerie William ffarris John Heydon John Burrowes Roger Brecknocke John Hullins Wyddow Turner widdow Eaton John Phillipps and Robert Samme were fined for workinge upon last Saboth. 10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered by this Courte that the reparacons of the Citties wall next to the Bullwark shalbe accomplished and done according as the p°nte M rs or Governo" of this Company shall thincke fitt And all charges therein disburssed shalbe borne by this house. 7th November, 1605. It is also ordered that the p°nte M rs or Governors of this Company shall if they cann bargaine w th the Ladie Windsor for the glasse in the wyndowes of the Bulwark And for such other thingC as are by her Ladishipp to be sold and to give such Composition for the same as they in their discretions shall thincke fitt. o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 201 This day it is ordered that the youngest Governo' Rento' doe cause all needful and necessarie rep°acons to be done upon such tenemtf as ought to be repaired by this Company And also shall cause the privit hedge in the garden next the Bullwark to be taken up and the ground to be leveled and another hedge to be planted and sett all alonge from the further end of o r new bricke wall to the furthest corner of that garden. 19th November, 1605. This day it is ordered that the M rs of this Company togeather w th M r Bird M r Wood M' John Martin and M' Mapes are to goe in search on satterday and upon munday next And they are to meete in Powles.' 28th Nov., 1605. This day it is ordeyned that o r M r shall compound with some Baker to p n vide for this Company 50 quarte rs of good wheate at such yearelie rate and for such tyme as they can agree And he to be Baker to the house so longe as he behave himself well. One Will 1 "' Clifton was on 17th December following appointed Baker, and agreed to find 50 quarters of wheat for £5 per annum. 28th January, 1606. This day John ffoxe a forren Barbor appeared before the M rs and was by them forbidden to keepe shopp in London any more for Barbinge or Surgery, And he p^missed that he would not. 1 6th June, 1606. In the controv°sie betwixt Thomas Orton & ffrauncf Holland It is ordered that the said Orton proceed not in suite of law against the said Holland otherwise then by takeinge the peace of him till the next Court Att w ch tyme the said Holland is comaunded by this Court to bringe in his fine of xP for strikinge of him the said Orton. And the said Orton is to geve his attendaunce at that Courte. 14th July, 1606. This day uppon the suite of the p^son and p°ishione rs of St. Olaves in Silver Street It was ordered by this Court that at such tyme as the now church of the said pish shal begin to be reedified beinge now in great decay and fallen into ruyn That then the M rs or governou rs of this Company for the tyme beinge shall of the stocke of the said Company pay to the then church wardens of the said pish the somme of x 1 ' towardf the reedifieg of the said Church w"'out makinge further suite for the same. 1 St. Paul s. 2 D 202 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Several liverymen were complained of for not having attended in their liveries of late, and among other notes is the following : — 14th July, 1606. This day Henry Bradley one fferris and Henry Bracey are dismissed out of the Clothinge and Assistaunce of this Company for they have not given their attendaunce in their liveryes uppon summons. 8th September, 1606. This daie Mr. Peck did lend voluntary to this howse L gratis for a yeare next ensueinge. This daie M r ffenton did lend C" gratis to this Company for a yeare next ensueinge Also he did lend to this Company L B more for a yere at x 1 ' p° cent. 23rd September, 1606. This day it is ordered that Percivall Jackson shalbe comitted to the Compter for his severall Contemptf to this howse. 30th September, 1606. This daie Percivall Jackson was dischardged out of prison upon his mothers intreatie. And is to bring in his debt to Burrowes at the next Court. 7th October, 1606. This daie John Hedlow paid to the M rs vj s viij d w ch by them was tofore paid to officers w ch attended to committ the said Hedlow for his severall contempt^ to this howse. 13th October, 1606. Percivall Jackson was again committed to the Compter for his " severall contemptf." 4th November, 1606. This daie John Kerrell Richard Cade & Richard Houlden were fyned for being absent from the funerall of M r ffyneinge. 10th March, 1607. This daie Thomas Grig was fyned at xii l1 for not wearinge his Cap on Candlemas daie last. 19th September, 1607. The Clerk's child having died of the plague, and being carried through the gate of the Hall, an order came from the Lord Mayor commanding the Court not to sit for 28 days, and it was thereupon ordered that the Courts should sit at Mr. Fenton's house in Bartholomew's Court during that period. o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 203 This daye it is ordered that Carehills wyef be warned to the hall against the next Court for keepinge of twoe shoppes of Barbinge w th out Bisshoppesgate. 8th October, 1607. This daye it is ordered by this Courte uppon due consideration had That from henceforth the M rs or Governors of this Company every yere yerely shall geve to the Recorder of this Cytie a yerely fee of money oute of the stock of this Company at their pleasures so that it exceede not the somme of iiij 1 '" It was ordered that no liveryman should henceforth — attend in his lyvery and w"'out a ruffe band uppon payne of xij d for ev y offence. 3rd November, 1607. This daye uppon the humble suite of one wydowe Burrows shee is admitted to keepe her Barbors shop where shee now dothe for 2 yeres next ensuinge not w ,h standinge that w"'in the said tyme shee mary an husbond of any oth r trade. 1st December, 1607. This daye Thomas Allen' and James Mullins were fined for wearinge of falleinge bands \v"' their liv°y gownes. 2 1st January, 1608. This daye it is ordered that .... Braye [be appointed] Informer to p°secute suites by informacon against such p°sons as the p°nt Masters shall noiat for one yere next ensuinge at the chardgf of this howse And hee is to have tenne poundes for his paynes therein. 27th January, 160S. Five of the Company were fined for not being at the funeral of Mistress Izard in their liveries. 5th April, 1608. This daye lycence is geeven to Will" 1 Buckley to arrest John Dodd breakeinge his wyndowes. 21st July, 1608. This daye it was thought fit that the p°nt Assistant^ showld sit in Court w th out their Gownes for that the weath r is hot. It is ordered that the laste quarters peneon due to John a Lee lately deceased shalbe paid to the poore woman w ch kept him in his sicknes. At almost every Court, charities in sums varying from 2 s to 40 s were given to poor members for their relief, or to the widows of 1 The first Master of Dulwich College. 2 D 2 204 qA finals of the Barber-Surgeons. former members, and in many cases yearly annuities were granted out of the stock of the house, independent of the Trust charities distributed by the Court. 14th February, 1609. This daye John Stubbes one of my lord maiors officers is appoynted a Serjeant to this Company. 27th June, 1609. This daye it is ordered that George Dugdale shall before Michaelmas next paye to Thomas Shephard v s w ch hee oweth him Orels to be Committed to the Compter. 6th July, 1609. This daye Roger Rayney Marchaunt tayler is elected & chosen Butler to this howse so longe as hee shall well & honestly behave himself therein And is to have all such fees and allowances as to his said place or office are incedent or belongeinge Provided hee enter into bond to the M" of this Company w th sufficient surety w th Condicon to make good to this howse all such plate linen & oth r thingf as shalbe committed to his chardge by the M re of this Company the Steward^ of the Maiors feast The Maisters or Steward^ of the Anathomy or Wardens of the Yomanry. This daye uppon the due examinacon of sev°all abuses & misbehaviours comitted by Thomas Goodale on of the Assistant^ of this Company towardf Mr. Edward Rodes maister of this Company wrongefully chardgeinge him w lh injustice before the wholl Courte And for oth r his misdemeanures hee is by the wholl Consent of this Court dismissed oute of the Assistance of this Company. 26th July, 1609. Whereas heretofore it hath byn observed for a rule and customary order that the M re of the Company to whom the Electo' 5 on the Election day before dyiin should deliver the names of such p°sons who were at such tyme elected M re of the Company for the yeare insuinge, should not give any notice to any new M r so elected before the garland should be put upon his head, it was now thought fit that that rule should be put on one side, and that those chosen should be at once informed of their Election that they may make p°vision for the entertaynement of the livery, etc. 10th August, 1609. This day Richard Browne was admitted Armorer to the Company and to have p. ann. xiij s iiij d and he to have a speciall care to keepe the Armour in repacons and to be therefore paid by the Rentor warden for the tyme beinge. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 205 This day Mr. John Leacocke' contemptuoslie deputed out of the Courte w"'out licence of the M re or of any of them And albeit he was required by the Clarke by the comand of the M re to come into the Courte beinge deputed out of the hall, he answered that he would not come againe Therefore it is ordred by this Courte that he shall pay his fine of iij s iiij 1 ' for dep r 'tinge the Court without the M rs licence And if he refused to pay the said iij s iiij' 1 then the soiiie of xl s is by this Courte ordred to be assessed and ymposed upon him w ch if he shall likewise refuse to pay then he is by this Court dismissed out of the Assistaunce ipso facto. Mr. Leacocke submitted and paid his fine 26th September, 1609. 21st August, 1609. In answer to a precept from the Lord Mayor, a certificate was sent to his Lordship that there were remaining of the 50 quarters of wheat wherewith the Company was charged, 20 quarters, and that the remainder had been sold in the Markets according to former precepts. 19th October, 1609. It was ordered that : — no M r or gov°no' of this Company shall from henceforth have power or authority in them or any of them to sell morgage or ympawne the fower pieces of Tapistry hanging^ or any of them w ch were bought for die use and creditt of this house. 9th January, 1610. Att this Courte Henry Jones paid vj d to the pore's box for hanginge out his basons one Twelveth day last. 6th March, 1610. Att this Courte it is ordered that Thomas Burgis shall at the next Tusedayes Courte pay unto the widdow Burrowes his late M" iiij 5 for that he hath broken her Combes and Sise re - 21st March, 1610. Att this Court it is ordered that the wyddow Saunde rs shall no longer reteyne in her service one Allexander ffarrington uppon payne that if shee doe her basons shalbe taken downe & she comitted to the Compter. 8th May, 1610. At this Court it is ordered that Pyramus Porter shall be pn°tely discharged out of Prison being layd in by Richard Gessell for that Porter was layd in w th out the M re Consent^ . 1 Master in 1604. 20b cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Porter was Gessell's apprentice, and their disagreements had been before the Court on a previous occasion. 20th August, 1610. Mf. William Gale (who had been Master, 1595) was elected Master; he was an eminent Surgeon but, dying on 19th November, 16 10, was succeeded in his office by Mr. John Peck (who had been Master in 1605). Mr. Gale was buried at Monken Hadley, in the chancel of which church may still be seen in the floor on the North side of the Altar, a brass with an inscription to his memory, and two brasses with the effigies of his sons and daughters. There were formerly brasses of the effigies of William Gale and his two wives, but they have unfortunately been removed. The arms of Gale (as appearing on his son's brass in Monken Hadley Church) Az. on a fesse betw. three saltires ar. as many lyons' heads era. of the field langued gules. 1 20th September, 1610. Att this Court a motion being proposed by the present M rs to thentent to bringe the howse out of debt, w ch cannot be soddenly effected except the Assistauntf of this board shall of their owne free willf by their p^ticuler free guiftf or other wise by the voluntary free loane of money to this howse for a certayne tyme, be assistinge And thereupon M r Warden ffenton declared that o r M r was contented towardf soe good an accon to gyve freely xx H and M r Warden ffenton vj" xiij s iiij d M r Warden Veare iij" vj s viij d M r Warden Hassald xl s And demaundinge of the residue of the bord what they would gyve, M r Wood he would gyve x" if the howse will renewe his lease, M r S^jaunt Goodorus would thinck of itt, M r Leycock M r Thorney M r Gerard M r Rodes & M r ffrederick would doe the lick M r Thomas Martyn would gyve xx s M r Isard vj 5 viij d M r Mapes would gyve xl s M r Johnson M r ffoster M r Ingolsby & M r Coghill they would doe as others in their Ranck would doe. M r Cook would gyve xxxiij 5 iiij d - 1 6th October, 16 10. Att this Court It is agreed that one Henry Pullyard a Drummer shalbe admitted to be the Drummer to this howse And he is to have 1 The tinctures are from Burke's Armory. zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 207 for ev°y dayes service that he shall serve as a Drummer to this Company on the lord Mayors daie the some of xiij s iiij' 1 - 20th November, 1610. Att this Court ytt is ordered that William Jones shall bringe in the next Tuesdaye Cort xx 5 for a ffyne for keeping two shoppes. 22nd November, 1610. Roger Joanes, a Waterman, was appointed Bargeman with a yearly fee of 20s., and was in con- sideration thereof to find a Barge with " all thingf therein and therewith fittinge " whenever the Company should require the same for £$ on each occasion. nth June, 161 1. Itt is likewise ordered that the Clothworker w ch practizeth Barberye about Thames Street if he be found workinge, that then he shalbe comitted to the Compter. 1 8th July, 161 1. At this Court upon the humble suite of Edward Handsome it was thought fitt & decreed that he should first agree w" 1 the Informer, w dl being done come & make his suite to this house at some Court of Assistant^ and then he shoulde knowne & fynd howe kyndlye they would deale w th him. 8th October, 161 1. Att this Court John Scott was ffyned at vj s viij d for refuseinge to holde the place of a whiffler. 4th May, 1613. At this Court Henry Clawes came before the M rs and by them is p°hibited and forbidden to keepe a Barbo" shopp or deale any more in surgery for that he is noe denizen. 22nd August, 16 14. It was ordered that in future, any liveryman being called to the Court should pay a fine of five marks. It does not appear that before this time a fine had been taken on like occasions. By an entry about this date, it seems that when a "foreigner" was admitted to the livery he paid £5 for yeomanry and £5 for livery fines in one payment. 208 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 30th March, 1615. At this Court it is further ordered that the new Ryver water shalbe taken into this howse so as it maie be had for 30 s fyne & 30 s p' anil in rent. 6th July, 1 61 5. The hall, which was in "great decay," was ordered to be viewed by a Committee of the Court, as to its restoration. 1 ith November, 1615. At this Court our M' acquayntinge them how unfortunatlie it hath happened that the Hall on Tewsdaie night last beinge 7 November was broken open & what losse the howse susteyned thereby. Whereupon it was then presentlie considered and then ordered that a present course be taken for the spedie repaieringe of the howse & tresory howse and that the same shalbe forthwith stronglie borded & made up at the charges of the howse. And for this purpose this Court did nolate the p''nte M' together with M r Peck M r ffenton M r Martyn & M r ffoster for to be Comittees for the well orderinge & appojntinge of the workmen to doe & finish this worke as in their discretions shalbe thought mete. And what the Comittees or anie three or two of them shall thinke fittinge to be done this howse will rate for & allow of as also of the charge to be borne by this howse. Note That the xj th daie of November Thomas Lyne confessed how he was the plotter for the Robbinge of o' Hall and how o r plate was Carried to Westm 5 & our monie was devided amongst the theves who were these Thomas Jones Nicholas Sames & Walter ffoster wch did break open the Hall, whereupon the Clarke haveinge order from o' M r went to Westm & upon search there made found our plate locked up in a trunke in the howse of one .... a shoemaker xj 1 ' xviij s of the monie M r Warden Coop found the same daie in the howse of one ffulses in Fleete Street. About the xvj ,h of Nov. then followinge Thomas Jones was taken who beinge brought to Newgate in December followinge Jones & Lyne were both executed for this fact. In January followinge Sames was taken & executed. In April 161 6 ffoster was taken & executed. Now letts pray God to blesse this howse ever from any more of these damigees. Amen. 13th December, 1615. At this Court was gyven unto the officers in regard of their paynes taken in apprehendinge the theves & obteyninge our plate 5" that is to the Clarke 40 s & 30 1 a peice to the beadell & Porter. 30th June, 1617. At this Court is gyven unto the weif of John Davis a fre brother who lieth in prison x s - cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. log 27th January, 1618. Upon the humble peticon unto this Companie preferred by Thomas Shaw a pore brother of this Companie & now lyeinge in Ludgate thereby sueing for some releife to discharge him out of prison. It is therefore ordered by this Court that if the some of 30 s will discharge him out of prison it shalbe disbursed out of the stock of this howse. 20th September, 1622. At this Court is gyven to Susan the Clarkf mayde toward( J her marriage 40 s in gratuity. At this Court it is ordered that Jones the Waterman shall have for the hier of our barge against the lord Maio 15 day fower poundf So as it is a large barge will hold the hole lyvery And to worke w"' 7 or 8 oweis.' 31st January, 1625. It is straightly ordered by this Courte that the p^nte M rs or Governo' s and their successors shall take speciall care to comence and prosecute any suite by lawe against any ignorant imposters or other p°sons exerciseing the arte of Chirurgery aboute this Cittie not free of this Companye & alsoe such as shall keepe shoppes for barbery within this Cittye being free of other Companies & not of ours. 19th January, 1626. This daye John Mills and George Roades are chosen to be of our Assistants for Barbars and Henry Blackley and Peter Thorney for Surgions. Item this Courte takeing into their consideracons the fewnes of our Livery many of them being lately dead by reason of the late greate visitacon doe elect and choose John Finder Edward Charley Edward ffleete Robert Clarke Samuell Dye and Lewis Gossidge to be of the Clothing of our Companye. 15th February, 1626. At this Courte it is ordered that William Kellett do bring in his fine of vj s viij d at the next Courte for his unseemely carriage and vile language to Walter Preist being contrary to the ordinance and good goverment of this house, which fine the said William Kellett here in Courte refused and said he would not paye it. At the same Court Priest was ordered to pay Kellett ^3 which he owed him. 8th June, 1626. Kellett, not having paid his fine, was ordered to be dismissed out of the livery. 1 Oars. 2 E no oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 26th October, 1626. But becoming repentant, he made humble suit to the Court to be reinstated, " protesting here in Courte that as he hopeth to be saved he did not speak those wordf and if he did he is very sorroy for it," upon which submission and payment of his fine, he was readmitted to the livery. 23rd February, 1626. This daye upon the peticon of Thomas Borne and a certificate under the hand of Docto r Allott that the said Borne was a Scholler of the house in St. Johns Colledge in Cambridge it is ordered by the Court that for one yeare ensueing he shall have iij" to be paid him by M r Ward Molins. 1st February, 1627. Item It is ordered by this Courte that there shalbe given unto M r Docto' Gwyn and his sonne for his preferm 1 in takeing degree of Batchelo' of Arte in the universitie of Oxenford xij h as the free gift of this Court. 9th November, 1628. This daye Richard Roades a Barbar & Surgion hath leave to open his shopp according to the ordinances of this house. Roades was probably a man who had practised both as a Barber and a Surgeon outside the Company's jurisdiction (the common usage of those days), but now being admitted a brother he had licence to practise "according to the ordinances," that is, either as a Barber or a Surgeon, but not as both. 5th February, 1629. Upon the humble peticon made unto this Courte by John ffranck a professor of Surgery the sonne of John ffrancke late of the clothing of the livery of this Companie for that the said ffranck is nowe taken prisoner in Turkey and his ransome is assessed to 600 Crownes. In comiseracon of whose distressed estate in a deede of charitye of soe greate consequence this courte doth order that upon the said John ffranckf being safe delivered into England here alive he shall have viij™ paid unto such p°tie as the ransome doth belong unto. 24th July, 1629. This daye in the complaint made unto this Court by Henry Edwardf against John Cox for arresting of him without the consent of the Maisters they both being here present in Court It is ordered that Edwardf shall pave Cox the xx s which he received of him uppon the wager that was wagered betweene them, and that M r Cox shall withdraw his accon and proceede noe further in lawe and It is further ordered that M r Cox shall paye his fine of a marke on the next Tuesdaie for not askeing leave of the Maisters to arrest him. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 1 1 1629. The fine for not serving Steward of the Mayor's feast was £15 6s. Sd., and this had been the usual fine for many years. 1 6th September, 1630. A reference is made to a brick building which a tenant of the Company was erecting at Holborn Bridge, under the direction of Inigo Jones. 28th January, 1631. This Court doth give to Marshall Petoe' for his elegies on M r Banckf his furTall v* 15th March, 1631. It is ordered by this Courte that the 12 Electors shalbe chosen and drawne by a ballotting box in this manner, twoe out of the auncient M rs one barbar one Surgion, 6 out of those of the whole Assistantf 3 Barbars 3 surgions, 4 out of the livery 2 barbars 2 surgions as shalbe present on the Election daie. 10th April, 1632. Nicholas Moseley made complaint against goody Smith of her unruly and disorderly Hefe amongst the Tenement^ in the alley at Holborne Bridge and thereupon this Court doth give him leave to expulse her from dwelling [there] any longer. 2nd July, 1632. This daye upon the humble and pittifull peticdn made unto this Court by Richard Hayeward in the behalfe of Ric: Heyward his son whoe is now captivated and inthrawled under the slaverye of the Turke and his Ransome being to the some of one C'- w dl the said Heyward is not able to raise, This Court therefore compassionateing the said Richard Hey wards distressed estate, whoe being a Christian is in bondage to those Turkish & heathen Infidelles dothe order that there shalbe x 1 ' 1 paid out of the stock of this house for and towards the ransoineing and redeemeing the Captive at such tyme as the said Richard Heyward the son shalbe delivered alive here in England and not otherwise. 6th February, 1633. Anthony Mondeys wTdd p'nted to this Court a Booke called The Surveigh of London beinge in folio and newlie printed. This would be Munday's edition of Stow presented by his widow, and for which she, in return, had a present from the Court. 1 A City Poet. 2 E 2 212 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 29th November, 1633. It is ordered that for the stock of Corne to be provided yearely by this house every one of the AssistantC of the Liverye shall lend xl s presently and every one of the liverye shall lend XX s o' M r giveing a noate under his hand that the house shall repaie it within a moneth after each mans death to his executo rs if it be demaunded And soe hereafter every p°son that cometh into the Assistant^ to lend xl s - or that cometh into the liverye to lend xx~- 4th March, 1634. 52 quarters of corn only being in the granary, it was ordered that 8 quarters more should be purchased to make up the complement of 60, which the Company were required by the City to keep in stock. 14th January, 1634. The question of "Ship money" being considered by the Court, it was thought that the Surgeons of the Company were free from the same by Charter, and a Committee of the Court was appointed to take counsel's opinion thereon. 20th April, 1635. £\o was ordered to be given towards the restoration of the Church of St. Alban, Wood Street. 2nd June, 1635. Hugh Ward, for his absence from lectures, was summoned before the Court, when he used "approbrious language," and defied the Masters, Whereupon this Court did in the Lord Maiors name comitt the said Hugh to the Compter in Woodstreete & charged the said Ward to staye but he struggled to gett forth of y c parlor soe the M re comaunded the dores to be shutt till an officer had taken him in charge, but after the officer had him in charge and they were gone forth into the streete (as the officer reported to this Court) Ward stepped from him and drew his knife & swoare hee would sheath it in his guttes if he came after him and soe he made an escape from the officer. 13th August, 1635. Ward made his submission and paid a fine of \os. 1st December, 1635. John Robinson a forreyne barb was questioned here in Court for setting up a barbars shopp in Ulnckfriers before he had made knowne to this xber Surgions London, Memorandum. That whereas by Precept yearly from the light Honoura- ble , the Lord Mayor, an J Court of Aldermen. Our compsnieis ftreightly commanded to provide and have readie L XXX Quarters of Come for this Cities {ervice, a Court of Afliftants, was held the 18 th . Day of December 1613. %q confider how to raife the Money, in regard our Companie is much indebted, bjp building our Granary, c^r.And upon mature deliberation had, it was concluded! &ordered,that each Perfon then bemg,or that thereafter mould be, aLivery-nsarfo (hould thereunto lend XX s. To be hereafter by theMafters, or Governours> for, the time being, repaid out of their Corne-ftock, to fach Livery-mans Executors, or Adminiftrators , withinone moneth next^ftcr fuch Livery-mans death, feeing demanded, we therefore the prefent Matters, or Governours,do hereby acknow- ledge our felves to have received of Mr. \^ <^<&j*d>- — — the faid allotted forae of Twenty (hillings for the -life aforefaids And do hereby promifc, that we or, our S ucceflors then being, (hall repay the faicl^ XXs^ ac'coj ding as is before expreffed wienefs our hands tjiis 3 % dayol Q/^xi^ Arm Dm. — 16 &£ /, ...^6. f B o^~l^ / CORN NOTE. (See p. 212.) On me £ Tulli/b{lJan- , :jlyff3/>j/J^SmuA G^Mays Buildings. S. 1 Marhns Lan^ c/lunals of the Barber-Surgeons. 213 Court that he had served 7 yeares appnPticeship with a barbar by trade, and had a licence to sett upp shopp, said he was bound app°ntice to Rich. Davyes of Hereford barbar x"' of Januar xxj"' of King James for 8 yeares but could not bring testimony he had served that time This Court doth charge him to take in his barbars pole & basons & to forbeare keepeing that shopp any longer. 8th March, 1637. Whereas there was an intencon to make an open Gallery The Court is now resolved & doe order that it shalbe made a convenient faire Parlour over the walke leading into the Theater at the costf of y s house. 30th March, 1637. It is ordered that the Gallery or Parlour leading to the Theater from the Bulhvarke shalbe built and the Hall Cupboard that cants into the stone yarde shalbe taken downe and the leade thereof shalbe imployed to leade the Tarris that passeth from that plo' into the Theater. 19th May, 1637. ^,10 was ordered to be paid towards the ransom of Thomas Wright, a Surgeon, who had been captured by the Turks. 10th June, 1637. It is ordered that the 3 stone Columbf allready wrought shalbe sett up and the walk next the hall side to be leaded over and railes & turned ballasters to be sett up Alsoe that there shalbe Iron barrs for all the windowes Alsoe a Portland stone for the mantle tree Alsoe a tablett of stone shalbe sett up in the front and the M r & Wardeins names to be insculpted thereon and a sunn diall to be in a convenient place. 24th July, 1637. It is ordered that the Concave seeking of the Theater shalbe painted with the Constellacons of the Heavens and the 7 planetts over the 12 signes in every peere and sceletons to be wrought and sett up on every one of the 1 2 signes or Corbells. Alsoe that this mottoe shalbe sett in the tablett of stone in the front of the greate p°lor. This Parlour was built in y° yeare of o r Lord 1637 M r Richard Powell being M r M r John Heydon M r W° Huckle M r Law: Cotton Wardeins. 13th August, 1637. The painting the ceiling of the Theatre was ordered to be deferred until next year, and the scaffolding to be taken down forthwith. 214 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 20th September, 1637. It is ordered that the seeking of the greate p^lo' shalbe boarded shott & planed over with hole deales. 20th September, 1637. It is ordered that there shalbe given xl s to St Edmunds berey for reliefe of the poore people visited with the plague. 20th November, 1637. It is ordered that the yeomanryes hearse cloth shalbe altered and the imbrothered scutchions & figures to be decently sett by an Imbrotherer to be alwayes used at the publique discections in the Theater. 28th December, 1637. This daye complaint was made ag l Thomas Trevilion now Rento' Wardein both for his obstinacy and ill words and exacting money from yonge freemen and throughing up his keyes of the Threasurye & sayeing he would come no more to keepe CourtC at the Hall and desireing to be put out of his place, for w ch his misdemeano rs and other evill behavio' being made apparent to this Court and his acknowledgem' of them upon due consideracon of all w dl It is ordered by this Court y' the said Thomas Trevilion doe stand and shalbe from henceforth absolutely removed and dismissed from his office & place of ffowerth M r or Governo r - Mr. William Lingham was subsequently chosen in Trevilion's place. The Court sometimes acted in the capacity of private trustees of the estates of deceased members, and among the archives there remains a deed of acknowledgment signed by the Master and Wardens in 1637, wherein it is recited that Richard Mapes, a former Master of the Mystery, deceased, had left legacies to his four children, then being infants, and had appointed his wife Faith, executrix and trustee, with the proviso that in the event of her marrying again the Court of this Company were to be the trustees for the said children, and that the widow, having remarried, had paid over the children's portions to the Masters or Governors. Attached is the seal of the Barber Surgeons, unfortunately not perfect, though a good specimen. 8th February, 1638. It is ordered that the Seaven liberall Sciences shalbe provided for the Theater by the M r and Wardens at the house charge soe it exceede not x"- X s - the carveing of them. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 215 29th March, 1638. The whole of the Assistants and Livery were called together to know what they would give to the building fund, when the following sums were promised. M r Serj Clowes - - x «. Edward Charley . v* Robert Bulluck - - iij"- M r Rich Wateson - X H. Edward ffleete - v ii. Thomas Bowden - - iij"- M r Michaell Andrews x"- Henry Eaton v !i. John Dorrell - - iiij"- M r Hen Blackley - x .i. Henry Boone - - v' 1. James Clarke - - - iiij" M r Warden Burgen - v .i. Samuell Sambrooke - iij"- Hugh Warde - ij"- M r Warden Cotton - v ,i. Hugh Napkin - if William Watson - - iij"- M r Warden Lingham v .li. Morrice Griffith - v 'i. Nicholas Brothers - iij"- M r John Heydon- - V H. W" Bennett - - - iij"- John Meredith - - iij"- M r Nicholas Heath - y .i. Robert Terrill - - if Thomas Biggs - iiij"- M r William Huckle - iij"- Edward Arris - . v «. Phillip Gill - - . v"- M r Martine Browne - x , Humfrey Painter - - iij"- Charles Stamford - iij"- M r W" Kinge - - - V s - Thomas Allen - - ij"- X s - James Walsall - iij"- M r John Pinder - - v"- Lawrence Loe - - . v"- • 3rd July, 1638. This daye was made knowne to this Court y 1 Jo" Pemberton formerly chosen an Assistant hath given his answeare that he will not hold that place nor come to the Hall unlesse he were drawne with wild horses thither, whereupon this Court doth fine him at x"- & that he shalbe prosecuted for the same at Lawe. 1 6th August, 1638. A stormy election of Master and Wardens was holden this day, and a very precise minute of the proceedings is entered, from which it appears that the Court and Livery being assembled, the Master declared — The occasion of this solempne meeteing & the necessarye succession of the Governors & governem' of this Corporacon. And thereupon a ballatting box being sett on the table and the names of the auncient M rs & Assistants and livery being severally put into the twoe Sells of y' box, o r M r according to order did first drawe forth the names of theis twelve p'sons following for Electors viz' for the Six Surgians M r Rich Wateson M r Martine Browne M' Jo" Pinder Tho. Tomlinson Edward Arris cSj Henry Eaton. And for the other six M r Richard Powell M r William Huckle M r Jo" Davyes M r Samuell Die Hen. Hodgkinson & Evan Owen. And thereupon the said Electors haveing w'Mrawne themselves from the publique Assemblye & taken 2/6 c/fnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. their oathes upon the holye evangelists for the election of fower Masters or Governo' 5 for the yeare ensueing, The M rs and the rest of the Assembly made their repaire to the Church and after Sermon upon their returne to the Hall the Masters being called to those 1 2 Electors they were informed that the Election could not proceede and be made, by reason that certain of the Electors being of divers trades were unable to agree upon two persons expert in Barbery, and these Electors refusing to choose two Masters Barbers, a Court was at once held and the six Barber Electors were discharged, six more Electors being chosen and called ; two of these, however, being contaminated by those already dismissed, refused to serve, and eventually a fresh set of Electors was chosen, who retired, and elected Mr. William Clowes, Serjeant-Surgeon to the King, as Master, and three others Wardens, " and after dinner ended and the Seremonye pfonmed by the Masters or Governo rs of chooseing the new M rs or Governo rs with silver Garlands in the publique Hall," the new Master and Wardens were sworn in. 8th November, 1638. A great feud having arisen between the Court and Richard Morrice, an Assistant, a suit was prosecuted against Morrice in the Earl Marshal's Court, when the sentence pronounced against him was that he should attend the Court at the Hall, and there bareheaded rehearse in an audible voice an abject apology, the exact words of which are set out. This Morrice did, and the Master and Wardens having testified the same, he was again called into Court, when it would seem that his apology had been made under fear of the Earl Marshal and not of his free will, for the Court calling upon him to make answer "for his contentious carriage & foule & bitter languages & invective speeches by him given from Court to Court ag' divers Assistant^ to the generall disturbance of their Courtf he refused to cleare himselfe or to give answeare," whereupon the Court dismissed him from his place as an Assistant. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 21 J 13th September, 1640. This Court is willing that there shalbe a distribucon of M r Mapes Legacy on Cosmas and Damianus day being the 27 th of this Instant September to 12 poore people 12 Angells according to the directions of M"' Joy they haveing red crosses on theire brests. Memorand. on the 27" 1 September being Cosmus and Damianus day 6" 13 s 4 d was distributed according to M r Richard Mapes Will, viz' These 12 poore persons free of our Company came into our Hall with red Crosses each of them on theire right Brests and the Governours gave to each of them 10 s which amounted to 6 U and the 13 s 4 d was to themselves for a repast for their paynes. The poores names were Widdow Wright. Widdow James. Widdow Colley. Old Holmewood. Widdow Bullock. Blind Reynolds. Widdow Chapman. Widdow Tyler. Widdow Pebworth. Old Kelham. John Mulis. Widdow Wadlowe. 20th November, 1640. A dispute between Edward Molins and one Coppinger was heard by the Court, when the decision was against Molins, and he was fined for using bad language. 12th January, 1641. Edward Molins came into the Court and stood in the face of the Court with his Hatt on his head and his Armes on his side and told the Court he would doe noe obedience to the co tc and swore Gods wounds he would submitt to noe man liveing. 15th January, 1641. Molins was fined 40 s for this contempt. 1 8th January, 1641. Richard Tompkins & Symon Crouch Surgeons by profession yet useing Barbery, This Court doth give them Order by our Lady day next to leave barbeing it being against y e Statute to practise both. 29th July, 1641. Mr. George Dunn hath given 5 1 ' to buy Bookes for the Library which is by this Court ordered to be performed accordingly. 2 F 2/8 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. There having been many quarrels in the Court, and various members expelled, a general shaking of hands appears to have taken place, for we read : — 30th July, 1644. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe order That a Sermon be made on the next Election day of thankes giveing to Almighty God for peace and amity which is now begun to be restored among the members of the Company And that M r Sharpe be desired to performe the same. 9th March, 1645. ln ' s day M r Callice Barber being complayned of for teaching to trimm to other then his Apprentices contrary to the Ordinance of this House did absolutely deny the same upon the Oathe that he tooke upon his admission into the ffreedome. 17th March, 1645. Mr. William Kings this day freely gave for the Ornament of this House a great Tortershell Whereon at his owne charge he hath given order for the Companyes Amies to be painted. This shell is preserved at the Hall. 7th January, 1646. M r Michaell Markeland appeareing to this Court at the request of our M r he was here complayned of to have embalmed severall humane Bodyes within this City against the Ordinance of this Company in that behalf being an Apothecary and not a Surgeon approved according to Law Nor a ffreeman of this Company which M r Markeland acknowledged But alleadged It was through his ignorance Not knowing that the right thereof was in approved Surgeons and ffreemen of this Company only and none other And being now well satisfyed thereof haveing heard the said Ordinance read unto him promised not to doe the like againe. 2nd June, 1646. This daye Mr. Lawrence Loe Chirurgeon a Member of this Company through his good affection thereunto Did for the worship thereof freely offer to give for the beautifying of the Hall soe many stones of black and white Marble as shalbe sufficient for the Pavement thereof. These marbles were laid to form the floor at the upper end of the Hall, and when the Hall was pulled down they were preserved and now form the pavement in the Entrance to the Hall from Monkwell Street. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 1 g There is a Memorandum that Mr. John Bancks by his will left— To the Company of Barber Chirurgions London so long as they shall performe the uses hereafter limitted (or els not) To be paid them betwixt the first and seaventh day of May next after the decease of the said John Banckes and so yearely for ever the sume of Twenty shillings w ch Twenty shillings shalbe by the said Company distributed in forme following viz' To Twelve poore householders or widowes of the same Company To each of them ffower poundf weight of good beefe Two penny loaves of good sweet bread Two pence a peece in mony and each of them one Woodden platter. 14th December, 1646. This Court doth at the humble suite of the Ordinary of the Goale of Newgate freely give unto him 10 s for his releife in his present want. 7 tii July, 1647. This Court doth give to John ffranck Chirurgeon who hath bin for a long time in Captivity in Turkey iiij" towards the setting him forth to sea and doth order that he be admitted into the ffreedome gratis when he shall desire it. See the Minute 5th February, 1629. John Franck (the son of a Liveryman) was doubtless a "foreign brother," and entitled to his freedom by patrimony upon payment of the fine, which the Court now ordered to be dispensed with if he wished to take up his freedom. Being a Sea Surgeon only, it was not necessary that he should be free of the Company. He had probably been in slavery 18 years ! Several entries similar to the following are to be found in the books. 9th August, 1647. Upon the humble suite of Thomas Tomlinson an ancient Member of this Company and of the Livery now fallen into greate Poverty and Want for some charitable releife from this Company. This Court being moved in Compassion to his deplorable Condicon and calling to mind his former good service to this Company Doth freely give him io 1 '- out of the Stock of this House. 14th September, 1648. Samuell Needier an examined Chirurgeon complayned to this Court that he was required to beare Armes notwithstanding his exempcon therefrom and therefore craved this Courts Assistance in his defence therein which was granted. 22 o c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 27th October, 1648. M r Warden Madocks and certaine others of the Assistants here present desireing to peruse our Charter for theire informacon the better to enable them for the Govemement of this Company had a sight thereof and were well satisfied in every particuler. 13th August, 1655. Mr. John Gale of Bushey (son of William Gale, M. 1595) a Surgeon of this Company, by his Will of this date left to the Barber-Surgeons ,£16 per annum, payable out of certain houses on Snow hill, in the parish of Saint Sepulchre, for the founding of an Anatomy lecture in the name of Gale's Anatomy. This trust was transferred to the Surgeons' Company in 1745. Our Minute Books from the year 1651 to i6Sg are unhappily lost; they are known to have been at the Hall as recently as 1832. Should any reader ever light upon them, he is particularly entreated to communicate with the Clerk of the Company or with the author. 1689. The practice was now adopted of entering all admissions to the freedom, etc., in the Court Minute Books (as well as in the Register) the forms being as follows : — • 3rd September, 1689. For an apprentice : Johes Rawson appr Caroli Peters admls est ex Rel Magri & Jur. for a freeman by patrimony : Ptriis Hartley Staconer fil 9 Thome Hartley Civis & Barbitonsor & Chirurg London admis est p° patrimon ex Rel Isaacii Boddington Weaver & Witti Bletsoe Grocer, Witti Bateman Barbitonsor 1 & Chirurgof' London & Jur. for a freeman by redemption : Henr Chamberlane admis est p° redemcon v°tute ordem Cur Major & Aldrn Dat xviij" die Augusti 1689 & Jur. 17th January, 1690. This day an order was sealed to presse 40 Surgeons mates for the Kings service in Ireland. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 221 At this period all freemen on their admission " took the oathes mentioned in a late Act of Parliament & subscribed the Declaration therein named ": these were the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy as required by the "Bill of Rights" (passed December, 16S9). 2nd July, 1690. Ordered that the Clarke keep an accompt of all p°sons faleing at a Court of Assistants and that every one faileing for every such time soe doeing shall forfeit v s & shall not be admitted to binde or make ffree untill he or they have made payment of the same of which they are to have notice except S r John Letheullier S r Humfry Edwin & M r Thomas Canham. 29th April, 1693. Ordered that the 2 Chirurgeons Governo' 5 & whome they shall thincke fitting to call to them Attend the Archbishopp of Canterbury conserning his Barber practiceing Chirurgery. 20th July, 1693. Ord cl that a lease bee taken of the Archbishopp for one & twenty yeare from the 19 th day of July 1693 for the Barge house 1 & that as the Governo rs have agreed a ffine of the same they pay to his Grace the sume of one hundred pounds besides ffees. 3rd October, 1693. Ordered that the Bargeman have a new coate & britches &c. 19th July, 1694. Ordered that M r George Minikin bee warned before the Lord Major to shew cause why he doe not attend the Court of Assistants as he hath been chosen one of them. 1 8th June, 1696. A new sun dial was ordered to be put up. About this period there seems to have been a general dis- inclination to serve as an Assistant, many of the Livery being fined .£10 for refusing to serve the office, while some who had sat as Assistants were dismissed the Court for non-attendance. 25th October, 1697. Ordered that the Barge house bee mended & M r Warden Pinke take care to see it done. 1 At Lambeth. 000 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 8th August, 1698. Ordered that the Govern" dispose of the Barge & let the Barge house from yeare to yeare. 1 2th October, 1698. Ordered That there may be papers made for a subscripton for a Barge. 21st October, 1700. Ordered that the ill manadgement of the late Master M' Tho: Lichfeild as to his office of Master and his other offices of Warden bee p''sented to the next Court of Assistants in order to bee expel°d the s°d Court it being the opinion of this Comittee that he deserves soe to bee as alsoe for being any longer an examin' he haveing acted contrary to the establish"" of the Corporacon in the s' 1 offices. 8th November, 1700. A Committee of the Court having waited upon the Commissioners of the Navy and reported that Mr. Lichfeild had committed irregularities in certifying men as qualified Surgeons for sea service, such men not being duly qualified, the Court adjudged him to be dismissed from his office of an Examiner in Surgery, and out of the Court of Assistants. 10th March, 1707. The new Clerk, Mr. Chas. Bernard, seems to have been industrious in searching out practising Barbers not free of the Company, as also others who had committed abuses ; several were fined and compelled to take up their freedom and this day the following entries occur : — Clyett being sumoned for Shaveing on Sunday last appeared before the Comittee and the ffact being plainly proved against him the Comittee fined him ten shillings for his said offence. Newland being sumoned for the like offence appeared also before the Comittee but there being no possitive proofe against him he was dismissed. John Gould a Dutchman being sumoned for keeping a Shopp and exercising the trade of a Barber not being ffree of this Company And the matter being plainly proved against him the Comittee ordered him to be prosecuted on the statutes of the 32nd of Hen 8 th and the 5" 1 of Queen Elizabeth. o/Jnnak of the Barber-Surgeons. Ordered that a Second Suinons be sent to all such Defaulters as have not appeared with intimation that theire frines will be levied on them by distresse. Ordered that Thomas Latham be sumoned to take upp his ffreedome & that all other persons exerciseing Barbery not being ffree of this Company be sumoned. 17th March, 1707. Nineteen delinquents who had been summoned appeared, and their cases were heard ; a few examples will suffice — One Darby was "seen to comb a persons haire on Sunday morning last but alleadging that it was his ffather," he was let off with 5J. fine. Lewis Roger made answer that it " was onely his Apprentice combing a persons haire without his knowledge and that it was his first offence," he likewise escaped with a $s. fine. James Good was more fortunate, for proving that his offence "was onely the Combing of a Lodgers Wigg," he escaped. Willm. Haslegrove appears to have filled up the measure of his iniquity, for being detected in " actually shaveing a person on Sunday morning," he was fined 10s. Samuel Beaumont, charged with keeping two Barbers' shops, had a month given him to part with one of them, and John Shoard who, not being free of the Company, kept a Barber's shop in Cloth Fair, was ordered to quit the same within two months. 31st March, 1707. Elizabeth Presbury being sumoned appeared & alleadged that she was very poore & that her husband was an Idle man and promised to reforme her method whereupon the Comittee excused her. The number of Barbers fined for working on Sundays, or for keeping shop not being free, was enormous, and it becomes wearying to travel through the records of their offences and fines. 224 c/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 17th June, 1708. Ordered that the Company's Barge house and the Dwelling house thereunto belonging be forthwith repaired. 13th January, 1709. Sir Edward Northey was appointed standing counsel to the Company with a yearly retainer of two guineas. 15th April, 1709. Upon complaint made against one Henry Drudge for exerciseing Barbery & Surgery w ,h in the City not being ffree he attended and alleadged that he haveing been a Soldier in the late Warr thought himself intituled to keep his Shoppe without takeing up his ffreedome, by Virtue of the Act of Parliament made upon the disbanding the Army which gives liberty to disbanded soldiers to exercise any trade within the Corporations or places where they were borne, altho they had not served seven years to it But the Court believing that act did not extend to Drudge by reason he was not borne in London, ordered that in case he did not shut up his Shop in a month's time he should be prosecuted. 21st July, 1709. In consequence of the great expense to which the Company had been put in the repairs to the Hall, the Court determined to call thirty-one freemen into the Livery, and the fine being £\o each on admission or £20 on refusal, a considerable sum was realized. It having been suggested to the Court that the yeomanry objected to pay 20s. for "corn money" when called to the Livery, the Clerk was directed to enquire into the origin of that tax, and finding that it had been originally levied on each member taking his livery, to satisfy the precepts made in 1633, and afterwards for providing a stock of corn for the City ; and for that at the present time the Company had no Granary or stock of corn to provide, and "being out of debt," it was ordered that in future this fine should be discontinued. 1 8th August, 1709. At the Election, ten of the Livery who had attended without their gowns, were severally fined and paid is. c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 2^ each, and there are other references to Assistants being fined for not appearing in their gowns. 4th October, 1709. A complaint being made against Richard Stockwell for being copartner with a fforreigner & the fact being made appeare pritty plain against him the Court fined him five pounds being the penalty imposed by the By Law, But upon his promise to discharge his said partner the Court were pleased to remitt his ffine. 18th April, 1 7 10. M r John Booth a Surgeon at Warrington in Lancashire applying to this Court to be admitted a fforeign brother & he being examined in Surgery & approved It was ordered that upon his payment of ten Guineas he should be admitted a fforeign brother of this Company, But the said M r Booth refusing to take that part of the fforeign brothers oath whereby he was sworne to be true to the Queen he was not for that reason admitted. 1st June, 1 7 10. It is ordered that the Members present at this Court shall be excused from wearing their gowns in regard to the heat of the weather. 20th October, 1710. It is ordered for the accomodation of the Members of this Court of the Barbers side for the seeing & being heard at Courts of Assistants That for the future at all Courts of Assistants the Governo rs on the Surgeons side shall set even with the Ma' next on his right hand & the Governo" on the Barbers side next on his left. But that at all other Courts all the Governo" shall according to their seniority sett along the side of the Parlour Table on the left hand of the Master in such maner as has been accustomed. nth January, 171 1. The Clerk's and Beadle's houses were ordered to be insured against fire, for ^600 in the "Amicable Society." 20th February, 171 1. Mr. Willm. Smith, an Assistant, com- plained that Mr. Joseph Cosins, also an Assistant, and his junior in the freedom, had always taken precedence of him at the Courts, whereupon the matter was considered and the following order made : — Forasmuch as it appeared that M r Cosins was first chosen into the Court of Assistants & that it is in the power of this Court to chuse whom they shall think fitt to be an Assistant out of the whole Livery without respect to Seniority & for that M r Cosins 2 G 22 6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. continued for many years in his present station as Assistant The Court were of opinion & did so declare themselves to be That the s d M r Cosins shou'd continue to take place of the said M r Smith as he formerly had done. 9th July, 171 1. The Common Seal of the Company being worn out a new one was ordered to be cut in steel, together with an " Ingine," wherewith to make the impressions. 6th May, 1712. Ordered that the Porter who shaves att the Custome house be- sumoned. 27th May, 1 71 2. Walter Browne being "one of the people called Quakers," was admitted into the freedom and took a "solemn affirmation." 7th April, 1 7 13. Valentine Day Tallow Chandler was admitted into the freedom of this Company by Redempcon and at the same time was admitted to fiine for all offices to the Parlour door for both which he paid a ffine Clock worth 30 1 '- 5th October, 17 14. It is ordered that the Musitioners shall have five pounds for attending on the day of the Kings Entrance. (George I.) 5th June, 1 7 16. Nathanael Charles owned that he has several times let blood for One shilling & sixpence upon which the Company ordered him to be prosecuted as also his Mast' Joseph Roe ; twas observed that Roe could not write his name having sett his mark only to the Inttre. 1 15th August, 1717. M r William Highmore Jun r haveing marryed the Vintners widow who kept the Bell Taverne in Nicholas lane applying to this Court and acquainting them that he had quitted the Barbers Trade and had undertook the trade of a Vintner, and was for that reason under a necessity of becomeing a freeman of the Vintners Company or of takeing a License from the Crown to retail wine and praying of this Court to translate him from this Company to the Company of Vintners, This Court after hearing the By-Law in that behalf read and due consideracon had thereof doth order that the said M r William Highmore shall be translated from this Company into the Company of Vintners upon payment of ^20 to the use of this Company and upon Condicon that he shall not from henceforward exercise the trade of a Barber or Perriwig maker. 1 Indenture. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 22 7 1st October, 171 7. Robert Rainsford, the Company's Barge Master, was ordered to have a new livery provided for him. 24th June, 1718. The Theatre was ordered to be repaired and beautified. 21st April, 1720. Mr. Berney, Mr. Burroughs and Mr. •Fitzhugh, Liverymen Barbers, applied to the Court, giving their reasons and praying that the Court would petition the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council to suspend the act of Common Council restraining them from employing foreigners as journeymen, whereupon the matter was considered and the Court thought it would be contrary to their oaths to join in any such petition, because it was a standing By-Law of the Company, as well as of the City, that no Barber should employ any foreigner as a journeyman ; it was also considered that such a liberty would prove a great discouragement to apprentices and that the present incon- venience complained of would soon be cured if Masters would sufficiently instruct their apprentices so as to make them useful during their servitude and competent as journeymen afterwards. The Court further decided to oppose, by every means in its power, the movement set on foot by Mr. Berney and his friends. 24th June, 1722. The lease of the Barge-house at Lambeth expiring in April, 1723, and the Archbishop having offered to renew the same for 21 years at ,£10 per annum and ^"ioo fine, it was resolved not to renew it, in consequence of its being an unprofitable property, and the Company not then having a barge. The Barber-Surgeons let off part of their Barge-house to the Drapers and Ironmongers, and the Clerk was instructed to give those Companies notice that it was not the intention of this Company to renew the lease from the Archbishop. 2 o 2 2 28 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2nd December, 1729. In consequence (as was alleged) of the difficulty in sometimes procuring a full Court, it was ordered that in future each Assistant who attended within one hour of the time mentioned in his summons and remained till the rising of the Court, should receive a fee of 2s. 6d. 1 st February, 1731. It is ordered that all the Liverymen shall attend on Election day and Lord Mayors day in their Gowns and at publick anatomys in their Capps upon Forfieture of Three shillings and Fourpence for every offence. 8th July, 1 73 1. A precept coming from the Lord Mayor recommending the Company to contribute "towards the relief of the poor sufferers by the late fires at Blanford Tiverton & Ramsey being read The Court upon consideracon had thereof and from a just sense of the calamity and distress of their fellow subjects the late inhabitants of the said towns," ordered .£20 to be paid into the Chamber of London. 1732. The following fines were in force at this date, viz. : — ■ £6 6s. orf. for a Barber admitted to the freedom by redemption. £ to for a free Barber admitted to the Livery. £2,0 for a Barber's or Surgeon's apprentice, made free by servitude, admitted to the Livery, and for all offices to the parlour door. £7 js. od. for examination, admission and diploma of a foreign brother. £3 35. od. for the same, if the applicant had been bound to a foreign brother at the Hall. 5th March, 1733. It is hereby referred to the Master & Wardens M r Serj' Dickins M r Serj' Amyand M r Petty M r Shott M r Parker & M r Maurice to receive proposalls for Building a Cupola in the Hall parlor and report the same to the next Court of Assistants. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 22 c) 19th July, 1733. Several of the livery attending upon a complaint against a Jew in Duke's place for exercising the trade of a Barber without being free of the Company or having served seven years apprenticeship It is ordered that the Clerk of the Company shall sue the said Jew in such manner as he shall think fitt or be advised at the Company's expence. 4th May, 1736. At this Court Abraham Diaz Delgadoa Jew was admitted into the freedom of the Company by Redemption for Ten pounds Ten shillings which he paid down and was sworn upon the Old Testament being a Jew. 3rd August, 1738. The Company contributed five guineas towards the Organ recently set up in the Church of Saint Alban, Wood Street. 3rd April, 1739. M r John Owen a Freeman of the Company & who lives at Islington was chosen Musicianer to the Company in the room of M r Brown deced. nth November, 1740. It is ordered (in regard this Company have no Barge) That the Waterman shall forthwith deliver up his Livery coat and Badge belonging to the Company to the Beadles and that he no longer be annually intitled from this Company to a new Coat nor make use of nor wear the old one but that when he shall be employed in the Companies service. And also that for the future on every Lord Mayor's day that this Company shall walk in procession in order to attend the L d Mayor a Stand or proper building shall be provided at the Companies expence for the better accomodation of the Livery belonging to this Company and in such manner and fform as several other Companies of this City are usually provided with on that day. 1745. The Surgeons are now separated from the Barbers. 8th August, 1745. The Clerk reporting that many of the Company, as well as Surgeons lately free of the Barber-Surgeons' Company, were greatly in arrear in their quarterage, he was ordered to acquaint them that unless the said arrears were paid up forthwith, they would be sued. 17th September, 1745. The Company of Surgeons sent to the Company of Barbers two documents under their Common Seal, the one 2 jo cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. authorising Mr. Joseph Cruttenden to peruse and copy any Charters or documents in the possession of the Barbers, and the other empowering him to take possession of any books, papers or writings relating to Surgeons or Surgery only, on behalf of the Company of Surgeons ; whereupon the Court acceded to the request, and gave instructions as to the same. 4th December, 1745. Mr. Cruttenden applied on behalf of the the Surgeons' Company for ^510 (the Arrisian endowment) which had been directed to be paid by the Act of Parliament, whereupon the Master told him that by reason of the late fall in the Public Stocks, the Company could not without great loss, raise the money, but were ready to give the Surgeons a proper bond for the same, with Interest. 19th February, 1746. Forty-one freemen were reported as being fit and able persons to take the Livery, and were ordered to be summoned for the same with the intimation that if any refused he or they would be sued for the penalty of ,£20 each upon such refusal. Of these, seven appeared at the next Court, took the livery and paid the fine of £\o; six others begged to be excused. The remaining twenty-eight did not appear till later Courts, when some were excused, and others ordered to be sued ; subsequently a large proportion of those nominated, accepted and paid their fines. 17th July, 1746. The Surgeons' Company having pressed for payment of the ^510 and Interest, and our Company having in Cash but ^300, Mr. Luke Maurice (Master 1732, a Wine Merchant in Lime Street) lent the Company ^200 at 4^ per cent., and the Clerk advanced the balance, whereupon the principal, with ^15 17s. od. interest, was paid to the Surgeons. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 231 18th May, 1747. The Master acquainting the Court that he had employed M* Whiston the Bookseller to putt the Company's Library in order and to make a Catalogue and valuation thereof And that M r Whiston had appraised the same at Twenty Guineas And the Clerk acquainting the Court that a learned Physican had offered twenty-five Guineas for the Library together with the Skeleton and other curiosities formerly kept in the Library It was ordered that the Clerk should acquaint the Master of the Worshipfull Company of Surgeons with the said offer made to this Company And that this Court being desirous to manifest their esteem for and preserve the friendship of the Surgeons did give them the refusal of the said Library Skeleton and Curiosities at the said price of Twenty ffive Guineas And that in case of their acceptance thereof the rich and ancient Pall belonging to this Company should be at their service as a free gift. 1 6th July, 1747. The Clerk reported that he had made the above offer to the Surgeons who replied that they considered them- selves entitled to the Library under the Act of 1745, but that to avoid controversy with the Barbers they would be willing to refer the matter to Counsel, whereupon it was resolved that the matter should be submitted to the opinion of Counsel. 5th July, 1749. Ordered that the Library of Books formerly belonging to the late united Company be forthwith sold for the most money that can be gotten for the same. 2nd June, 1749. Ordered that the Companys Arms be cast in lead and affixed upon the several houses belonging to this Company. Various specimens of these castings are extant about the Hall, and in possession of Mr. Charles John Shoppee (Master 1878) and of the author. 2nd May, 1750. Ordered that M r Paterson do wait upon the Earl of Burlington to know his Lordship's intention about repairing the Company's Theatre. 6th June, 1750. Ordered that the Clerk do write to the Right Honorable the Earl of Burlington to aquaint him of the ruinous condition of the Theatre and Company's inability to repair the same and to know whether his Lordship will be 2 3 2 c/Jiuials of the Barber-Surgeons. pleased to order the said Repairs agreable to his own generous proposal in the Mastership of M r Rutter. Nothing came of this application. i st August, 1750. Ordered that the Clerk do cause a Catalogue to be made of the Books in the Library, and that he deliver a copy thereof to M' Samuel Rutter. 9th August, 1750. Mr. Gheys, Sculptor, was ordered to have the Skeleton, in exchange for the Bust of Inigo Jones, still preserved at the Hall. 3rd September, 1751. Resolved also that the old Pall be given to the Beadle. This, alas! was the "rich and ancient pall." The Clerk was again directed to endeavour to sell the Library and it was disposed of to Mr. Whiston the Bookseller for £\$ ! ! 29th October, 1 75 1 . Resolved that the Doctors Gown and Hood be given to the Beadle. 13th August, 1752. Ordered that it be referred to the Master and Wardens to treat with M r Thomas Reynolds about erecting a Cupola over the great Parlor agreable to the Draft now produced to this Court and about repairing the Roof And also repairing whitewashing and painting the said Parlor so as the Contract for that purpose do not exceed the sum of One hundred and seventeen pounds. 19th August, 1752. The Agreement between the Company and Mr. Reynolds was entered into at ^116 155., and the Specifi- cation of his work is recorded in the Minute Book, from which I extract the following : — The Cupola compleat and properly secured glazed and ornamented with Stucco and the Roof covered with Milled lead seven pounds to the ffoot with good brass pulley in the middle fit for a Branch or Lustre. A new white veined marble Chimney piece and Slabb with a carved wooden ovalo round it and Slabb of the same Marble The Chimney piece of the same dimensions as the present and the Slabb six foot nine inches by two foot four inches with a new fire stone hearth. oAnnate of the Barber-Surgeons. 233 The ceiling and ornaments thereof to he secured mended cleaned and whitewashed. 9th August, 1753. The Great Hall, Kitchen and Lobby were ordered to be repaired by Mr. Reynolds in accordance with his Estimate of £ 1 01 ijs. 6d. 8th August, 1754. Ordered that the thanks of this Court be given to James Theobald Esq r one of the Ancient Masters of the Company for the magnificent Lustre by him lately presented and at his Expense fixed up in their great parlor assuring him This Court doth most gratefully accept the same as a monument of his regard for the honor and prosperity of the Company. This handsome lustre still adorns the Court Room. 12th September, 1754. The Court having considered the state of the Theatre, which was out of repair, and for which the Company had no use, ordered advertisements to be inserted twice in three daily papers, asking for tenders for the materials of the same, and for pulling down and clearing it away. The "N.B." to the adver- tisement states that "The Doors, Benches and Railes of the said Theatre are of Cedar." 1 st October, 1754. Three tenders for the materials of the Theatre were received, ^21 10s. od.., £$2 and ^35 respectively, and the decision thereon postponed. 4th February, 1 755. William Shakespear (Barber) the apprentice of Richard Hulett, was admitted to the freedom. 5th June, 1764. The Clerk informed the Court of the death of Mrs. Elizabeth I'Ans, widow of Mr. Michael I'Ans, and that the Master and Wardens had, on the 23rd May, received of the Executors of Mr. IAns .£2,200— 3^ per cent. Bank Annuities, and £"75 in accordance with Mr. I'Ans' will. 2)4 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1764 and 1765. Mr. James Clowes who had been summoned to take up the Livery, refused to do so, whereupon he was sued for the fine of ,£20 and judgment obtained against him with costs. 14th August, 1766. A Committee having been appointed to examine and report upon the Theatre, and having done so, were now authorised to apply to the Court of Common Council for permission to pull down the same, and to treat with that Court for the purchase of the ground, for which the Company paid the City £$ per annum under an old lease. 3rd November, 1767. The City Comptroller having requested the Company to make an offer for the site of the Theatre, it was resolved that 30 years' purchase (£90) be offered for the same. 7th February, 1769. A plan of the ground leased by the City to the Company and on which the Theatre stood, having been prepared by Mr. George Dance, Clerk of the Works to the City, it was laid before the Court, and the City sold the fee simple to the Company for £90. Would that one could buy City freeholds at the same rate now ! 2nd September, 1783. Mr. Sylvanus Hall, of Paternoster Row, Carpenter, proposed to take a lease of the ground on which the Theatre stood, to take down the whole building, and to erect two dwelling houses on the site similar to those he had already built in Monkwell Street. The lease to commence at Christmas, 1784, and to be for 61 years at £10 ground rent. He also proposed to pay the Company ^"20 for the old materials of the Theatre and to clear the same away. To all these propositions the Court agreed, and Mr. Hall paid a guinea as earnest money. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 235 1st February, 1785. Mr. Hall having pulled down the Theatre, the Clerk was instructed to write to him for the ^20 for the old materials which he had removed. 4lh October, 1 791. There being a sufficient number of Members present to form a Court of Assistants, tho° no such Court was called, the Master took the sense of the Members present, as an adjournment from the last Court of Assistants, whether the Company should go out in the usual procession the ensuing Lord Mayor's day, when on the question being put, the same was resolved in the negative. 4th November, 1794. M r Thomas Holehouse who was on the i* 1 July last elected on the Livery of this Company, but had refused to take upon him the same, without shewing any cause to the Contrary, and against whom an Action had been commenced for the recovery of Twenty Pounds the penalty incurred by such his refusal, this day attended and paid the said sum of Twenty pounds together with the costs of the said Action. 9th November, 1795. The following Circular was distributed amongst the Livery at the dinner this day : — The Court of Assistants of the Worshipful Company of Barbers having received information that many persons residing within the City of London carry on the Trade of a Barber and Hair dresser without being free of this Company to the great prejudice of the Members and the rights of the Company Do hereby give notice that they have come to .1 resolution to prosecute all persons carrying on the trade of a Barber or Hair dresser within the said City not being free of this Company and they request the assistance of their Members for that purpose for the benefit of the Company and Trade at large : any information to their Clerk at the Hall will be duly attended to. by order of Court, Edw" Grose Smith, Clerk. 9th November, 1796. The By-Laws of the Company having been found, on the opinion of Mr. Serjeant Adair, insufficient to 2 112 2)6 e/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. enforce the payment of fines for the refusal to serve various offices, a new set was drawn up by the Clerk, and submitted to and approved by the Court, who ordered the Clerk to get the same confirmed and allowed by the Lord Chancellor and two Chief Justices, but this was never done. 5th September, 1797. The Mahogany table now in the Court Room was made about this time. There is a tradition that the bulb-shaped end of it was a portion of the old dissecting table used by the Surgeons. If so, its latter days are more cheerful than its first. 1796 to 1799. Several Barbers were prosecuted for exercising their Trade within the limits of the Company's Charters and brought to terms, generally they became freemen, and then were compelled to come on to the livery ; in other cases the barbers removed out the jurisdiction, and paid the costs. 18th May, 1802. The Commissioners for the Public Lottery having advertised for a place in which to hold the lotteries, the Court decided to send in proposals offering the use of the Hall (under certain restrictions) for the next three lotteries for Six hundred guineas, but the offer was not accepted. 1st August, 1809. A case was submitted to the Attorney General (Sir R. Gibbs) who gave an opinion that the freemen of the Company were exempt from serving on Juries, but not from serving as Constables. 4th February, 18 12. A memorial signed by four freemen of the Company was presented to the Court, the purport of which was oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 237 that the memorialists having been summoned to act as Ward Constables had refused to serve, and that thereupon actions had been brought against them, which, being tried before Lord Ellenborough, the verdicts were against them and they were ordered to pay the costs (£333 9 s - od.). The memorialists alleging that they defended the actions for the benefit of the Company and really to uphold its privileges, prayed that they might be reimbursed the costs, which, however, the Court declined to accede to, but ordered that ^12, which had been paid to the Company for copies of the Charters, should be refunded. 1 8 14. The Churchwardens of St. Olave, Silver Street, having assessed the Hall at £172, they were requested to attend the next Court which they did, and the following delightful method of settling these matters is recommended to the Authorities nowadays. 1 st November, 1814. The parish officers of Saint Olave Silver Street attended & stated to the Court that the Vestry of that Parish had taken the subject of the Poor rate into consideration, and considering the great increase of the rate they left it to the Company to say what they were agreeable to be rated at ; the Court proposed to say p£ioo per annum; the gentlemen (having withdrawn) were then called in and informed of such proposal, with which they cordially acquiesced. 2nd April, 18 16. Alexander Rowland the younger [of Macassar oil fame] of Kirby Street Hatton Garden, Barber was admitted to the Livery. 3rd May, 1825. The Livery stand, being in a decayed and useless condition, was ordered to be sold. 2nd May, 1826. But as a purchaser could not be found, the Master offered to give .£5 for it, which was accepted, and this, together with an additional £5, was ordered to be given to the Committee for the Relief of Distressed Manufacturers. 2 tf oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 5th February, 1861. Mr. John Atkinson gave ^100 consols for the purpose of distributing the dividends thereof in the purchase of Bibles and Prayer Books for the poor members of the Company. 7th February, 1862. Mr. John Atkinson's Will reciting a munificent bequest to the Company is set out in the minutes of this date. 3rd February, 1863. A Statement of the property left by Mr. John Atkinson is recorded in a letter from the Solicitors to his Trustees directed to the Court, and entered in the minutes of this date. PORTION OF THE MASTER'S SILVER GARLAND 'DATE 1629' PRECEDENCE. HE BARBERS' COMPANY is ranked the seven- teenth in order of the City Companies, and is the fifth after the " Twelve great Companies," the thirteenth being the Dyers, fourteenth Brewers, fifteenth Leathersellers, sixteenth Pewterers, seven- teenth Barbers, eighteenth Cutlers, etc. The question of precedency in former times gave rise to many contentions between the City Guilds, and the Barber-Surgeons seem to have had some experience in these quarrels : the City pageants, processions, and public attendances at church, were numerous in the days of the Tudors and Stuarts, and at most of these the Livery Companies attended, each guild jealously striving to keep its place, and no doubt to advance its position whenever opportunity arose. There are extant, lists of the Companies in the City books, in which our Company takes various positions ; and Stow, having incorporated one of these lists in his Survey, has given it an 240 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. authority as a table of precedence which it was never intended to possess ; he furnishes a list of the Companies attending the Lord Mayor's feast, 23rd Henry VIII (1531), and places the Barbers as the thirty-second, whereas at that time they were undoubtedly the twenty-eighth. 1 5 16. The first authentic reference to our Company's stand- ing is found in Letter-Book N. leaf 5 (January, 1516), where it is ordained that the Barbers, although they claimed of their ancient right to be the seventeenth Company, yet were adjudged to take the twenty-eighth place, following the Cordwainers, and preceding the Paynter-Stainers. 1532. This order was probably in force until February, 1532, when the Barbers got back their old position {Repertory 8, leaf 272) and an officer was directed to wait on the Pewterers to " shewe theym that the seyd Company of Barbours Surgeons be Restored ageyn to their olde Rowme." Three months later (May, 1532), the Barbers were "taken down one," and directed to occupy the eighteenth place. 1533. In February, 1533 (Letter-Book O. fo. 213,), is a record which is somewhat puzzling, as, altogether ignoring the orders of February and May, 1532, it is stated that the Barber- Surgeons had petitioned to be restored to their old place of seventeenth Company, from which it is said they were dispossessed about sixteen years back (evidently alluding to the order of January, 1 5 16), "so that they be nowe the xxix or XXX th Companye yn thordre of such goynges," etc. Perhaps the orders of February and May, 1532, had been disregarded by the other guilds, and our Company forcibly ousted from their rightful position, so that this is in effect an application o/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 241 for a confirmatory order, which was granted, and thus they were again fixed as the seventeenth Company. 1534. The Barbers must have given some offence to the Civic authorities in 1534, for in October of that year {Repertory 9, leaf 79) the last-named order was repealed, and they were put back again to the twenty-eighth place, and further the Company were ordered that they " shall no more goo yn p cessyons, standyngf, Rydyngf, goyngf, and other assembles from hensfurth, tyll it be otherwyse ordered by thys co rte." 1535. This vacillation on the part of the Court of Aldermen in settling our position, was not yet at an end, for in March, 1535, we were again placed seventeenth, to come before the Cutlers and after the Pewterers, and this order was confirmed no less than four times in 1535, and twice in 1536. 1604. At a Royal Procession on the 15th March, 1604, our Company got misplaced by some of the Marshals, and this led to another application to the Court of Aldermen, whereupon a per- emptory order was made that the Barber-Surgeons should stand sixteenth in precedence. This order is set out in full elsewhere (see page 195); the sixteenth place was then accorded to us in con- sequence of the Stockfishmongers, who formerly held the twelfth place, having been dissolved, whereby the Barber-Surgeons went up one : the Clothworkers who, at that time were the thirteenth Company, then became the twelfth. Some short time afterwards, the Dyers, who had been the eighteenth Company, got the thirteenth place, and we reverted to our old position of seventeenth Company in which we still continue. 1606. An attempt to misplace us was made in July, 1606, but this was successfully resisted. (See p. 116.) 2 1 p^SI COURT OF ASSISTANTS. HE constitution of the governing body of the Company has grown up in the course of time from one Prime Master or Ruler to a Master with three Wardens and twenty Assistants, forming a Court of twenty- four members. We gather from the earliest records, that the business of the Company was then transacted by the meeting together in Common Hall, of the whole fraternity (which probably included both freemen and liverymen), under the presidency of a single Master, who, as in the case of Richard le Barber in 1308, was invested with the super- vision of the craft, and power to make search and scrutiny, and to punish offenders. In 1376 two Masters were appointed to rule the craft, while in 1388 we find that two Masters and two "Surveyors" formed the governing body. In 141 6 is recorded the admission of five Masters, three of whom are described as " Barbitonsores " {i.e., Barbers proper) and two as " Masters of the Barbers exercising the faculty of Surgery." oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 24} In 1428 there were four Masters, two of each class, and this number was the governing body at the time of Edward IV's Charter of Incorporation, in 1462. As has been elsewhere remarked, this Charter provides for the appointment of two Masters only, and they to be skilled in Surgery, to be chosen by twelve Electors taken from the Commonalty ; but as our records preserve the names of four Masters elected in that year, and so on ever since in unbroken succession, there cannot be any doubt but that (the Charter dealing almost entirely with the regulation of matters surgical) the two Masters of the " Barbers side" were left to be elected in accordance with old custom, or under the By-laws which the Company were, by their Charter, empowered to make. At what period a Court ot Assistants was created in our Company is unknown, but I am inclined to think the date is about 1480 to 1500. The four " Masters or Governors" (answering to our " Master and three Wardens") were chosen out of the Commonalty by twelve electors yearly, and do not, as seems by the lists preserved, appear to have gone up annually by seniority as now they do, i.e., from third Warden to second, and so on. Those who had served as second, third, or fourth Governors, if not chosen to higher office the next year, as a general rule took their places again as simple liverymen ; whilst those who had served as Prime or Chief Governor were, at the expiry of their term of office, designated "Ancient Masters," and these, with some past Wardens, having become qualified by experience in the affairs of the Company would naturally be consulted by the ruling Governors who sought their " assistance " and advice, and thus grow up into a Court of Assistants 1 (nearly always in early time spelt 'This theory is confirmed by the Ordinances made in 1566, whereby it was enacted that a liveryman might be chosen an Assistant without having ever served the office of Governor. 2 I 2 244 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. " Assistance ") and be recognised to a great extent as a power in the direction of the Company's business. The earliest mention of Assistants is in the By-laws settled by Sir Thomas More in 1530, though throughout these By-laws the actual ruling power was evidently in the four Masters or Governors. The Assistants are here twice referred to, in one case where it is enacted that the Masters shall not admit a " fforen " to the freedom without the assent of the " xxiiij" assistentes," and in another place they are to have, with the Masters, the election of the Livery. The Act 32 Henry VIII is silent as to Assistants, vesting all power in the Masters or Governors. In 1557 at one of the Courts twenty-one Assistants and four Masters attended, and at a Court held 19th July, 1595, the names of twenty-five Assistants are recorded. The number seems to have varied with the times, the full Court, however, never exceeding four Masters and thirty-two Assistants. The Assistants have always been elected by the Court, and the custom became in time to choose the senior liveryman whenever a vacancy occurred, though there does not appear to have been at any time a by-law to that effect, and indeed this practice has been departed from on very many occasions. The Election of Masters prior to the year 1633 was on the Monday next before the feast of St. Bartholomew the Apostle (Aug. 24); from 1633 to 1745 it was held on the third Thursday in August, and since 1745 it has been held on the second Thursday in August. The ancient practice was for the whole body of the livery to be summoned to the Hall in their livery gowns, hoods and caps on the Monday at 8 o'clock in the morning "at the furthest" to whom the oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 245 Masters, sitting in Court, declared the cause of their assembling ; this done, the Masters retired, and the livery, sitting there, chose twelve of their number to be " Electors," of whom six were to be " expert Surgeons," and four at least must never have served the office of Master or Governor. The Clerk then called the twelve Electors out (the rest of the livery remaining in the Hall). The Masters then delivered to the Electors the " Bills of Election," each Master nominating two Barbers and two Surgeons, so that sixteen in all were nominated, and, after administering to them the oath prescribed, the Electors retired to a private room apart to make their choice. Should the Electors deem that one or more of themselves ought to have been put in nomination, they were to send for the Masters who were bound to withdraw such person or persons, and choose others in their place. The Bills were to be made out in accordance with seniority, but the Electors were not bound to choose by seniority. Having made their choice, the Electors sent for the Masters and delivered to them a Bill with the names of the four persons selected, and these names were (under a heavy penalty) to be kept secret until after the "dener." The whole Company then proceeded in state to the Church of St. Olave, Silver Street (after the Great Fire to St. Alban, Wood Street), maids strewing the way with flowers. At Church there was a "goodly masse" celebrated, and in later times a " devyne s rvice," which, being ended, the parson and some of the church officials had customary fees and returned with the Company to the Hall to celebrate the Election dinner. The feast over, the outgoing Masters, according to "auncient order," walked about the table, each bearing a garland and placing it on the head of the member who had been chosen to fill his place in the year ensuing. If anyone elected happened to be absent, his garland was placed on the head of one of the Ancient Masters as proxy, and the newly-elected Masters were sworn on the 246 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Holy Evangelists to the due execution of their offices, absentees being sworn at the next Court. The Election dinners were held at any early hour in the after- noon (1 or 2 p.m.) and were generally followed by a play or a dance, sometimes both ; the wives of the livery and Assistants were present at the dinner, and the latter had their apprentices in attendance waiting at table. In 1633 the mode of choosing the Electors was varied as follows : a " fair ballating box " with two cells therein, one labelled " Surgeons" and the other " Barbers" was placed upon the table, Into each cell the Master put the names of two Ancient Masters, and drew one out of each - 2 The second and third Governors put into each cell the names of six Assistants, and the Master drew three out of each ------ 6 The fourth Governor put into each cell the names of four liverymen and the Master drew two out of each ---------4 12 The twelve so drawn constituted the Electors, and the proceedings were then much the same as has been before described. The new Masters or Governors commenced their duties immediately upon being sworn. From the earliest period the custom has been to hold the monthly and ordinary Courts on Tuesdays, but the meetings do not o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 24 j seem to have taken place on any definite or fixed days, numerous Courts being held at irregular intervals and frequently on Mondays. " Courts of Assistants," as distinguished from Monthly and special Courts, were, in early times, for some reason or other, particularly prohibited from being held on Tuesdays, there being several orders and by-laws to this effect, but why, I do not know. In the year 1557 twenty Courts were held. In 1572 forty-one Courts, the average attendance at which was twelve. In 1599 forty- six Courts assembled. At the intermediate Courts a great deal of important as well as minor business was transacted, including the admissions and presentations of freemen and apprentices, the examina- tion of Surgeons and Sea Surgeons, and a great variety of business connected with the medical service of the army and navy. Previous to the separation in 1745, the office of Master was supposed to be, and generally was, held by a Barber and a Surgeon alternately, the Wardens being chosen in like manner, any member not practising as a Surgeon being accounted a Barber, whatever his trade or occupation might be. Great importance has at all times been attached to the question of precedence in sitting at table and in speaking in Court, and many have been the rules enacted, and the disputes and jealousies which have arisen between members of the Court on this question. Some of the powers executed by the Masters of old and by the Court of Assistants in later times have been those which now are peculiar to Courts of Law, e.g., the settlement of disputes upon every conceivable question, the imposition of fines, and their recovery by distress levied by the Beadle, the summary committal of offenders to gaol, and the issuing of orders for their release, the prohibition of 248 cAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. actions and suits at common law (if commenced by a freeman without leave of the Court), the inhibition of members from practising their profession, and the infliction of corporal punishment upon unruly freemen and apprentices. The Court as now existing, consists of four Masters or Governors and twenty Assistants, appointed under the provisions of the Act 18 George II, cap. xv. By this Act the election of the Masters or Governors is in the Court and takes place on the second Thursday in August, but alas ! without the ancient ceremonies of attending Church, crowning with garlands, and — may I add? — the Election dinner for the Livery. As will be seen elsewhere, there have been frequent dis- turbances at the Courts, and there are numerous entries of Assistants, Wardens, and Past Masters having been expelled the Court and sometimes dismissed from the Livery as well, for their misconduct or quarrelsome behaviour. Instances of impertinence and abuse by freemen and liverymen before the Court, are also by no means rare, and in these cases condign punishment by imprisonment or fine was invariably meted out. 9th March, 1624. This daye Mr. Warden Thornebury made knowne to this Court y' one Tanner, a brother of this Companie, hath abused him in words. Whereupon it is ordered by this Court that John Bayard the officer belonging to this Companie shall laye the Lord Maio" comaund on the said Tanner and comitte him to one of the Compters of this Cittye And that imediately upon the said comittm' shall acquaint the M rs therewith That thereupon the M re maye acquaint the lo : Maio' with the reson of his comittem' 19th January, 1626. This daye the letter directed to the Maister Wards and Assistants of the Companie of Barbor Surgions of London from M' William Clowes Sarjeant Chirurgion to his Ma"° was here in Courte reade in hec verba viz' Right worthie c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 249 Maister and Governors and assistants of the companie of Barbers and Surgions in my true love I wish all health and florishinge goverment of yo r Company to the glory of God the honor of the Kinge and the good of Gods people Amen. Now whereas I have bin not only by many Brothers advertised but also of yo r Officer legally by letter and otherwise given to understand that you had chosen me Renter warden of the company from the w* Election I desired by M r Cooper and M r Thomas Allen I might be freed yett could not, I then knewe well that in duty I owed you an aunswer which might well be seeme my reverent respect to yo' Authoritye ; and my tender regard of the kinge my M' s honor which in yo r Chusinge and my acceptinge maye be considered, which as much as in me is I desired to doe, And nowe, not once questoninge the troblesomnes of the place, nor other hinderances w ' 1 god Almighty did then send I thus aunswer (because I wilbe free of Ambition or pride) that if you can make that appeere upon yo r Records that any of my predecessors did beare the office of Wardein after he was sworne Serjeant Surgion to any of the K°s or Queenes of England I shall humbly serve it, if not, I Crave yo r p°don for I might not soe poorely value the Kinge my M r as thinke him less mighty, less absolute a Prince then any Kinge whatsoever hath raigned before him, and so as his Servaunt I expect from the Company as good respect as any Sergeant Surgion heretofore hath had, for my M' s honor I will not give to any other, And further because I am many tymes summoned to yo r Courts and other meetings, w ch service I am very willinge to performe, when I shall knowe my place in the Company, which I must leave to yo r grave consideracon, only if you please to take notice how the Colledge of Phisitions and the Company of Apothecaryes of London have rancked the KingC Phisitions and Apothecaryes, you may thereby guess what place I expect, but howsoever if by the occasion of back freinds wee may not so well agree as I desire, so as I may personally absent my selfe from the Company yett thus much I ingenuously and religiously profess that I will alwayes in harty love be present and ready press either by the Kinge my M r or any other wayes to doe the Companye any loveing Service I may, And so ceasing further troubling you but desireing to heare of yo r smoothe acceptance, I rest. Whereas he was chosen renter warden of this Companie for this yere ensueing w d ' place by reason of this contagious tyme and other respects he is not able to execute, It is thereupon ordered by this courte that he shalbe discharged from the said place of youngest warden and second warden of this Company, And it is further ordered that he shall take place next unto the youngest of our assistants that have served the place of upper warden and when he shall have served the place of upper warden of this Companye then he to take his precedencye and ranck according to that service. 2 K 250 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 21st August, 1626. Serjeant Clowes was elected Master, but it seems his election was called in question, as it was the turn for a Barber this year, and it was moved that the electors should be fined for breach of the ordinance in choosing a Surgeon, but the Court decided not to do so. There was evidently a dislike to Mr. Clowes on the part of some of the Company, as the Wardens of the Yeo- manry were on the 20th September, fined 405. for refusing, or neglecting to carry the Standing Cups before him and the Wardens of the Livery on the Election day. 1638. Serjeant Clowes was again elected Master. 9th April, 1 64 1. M r Warden Martin Browne made his complaint against M r Serjeant Clowes and he did freely declare that he did forgive the Serjeant his personall Wrong, and did referr the Wrong due to the Court unto the Court, And this Court did order that M r Serjeant Clowes shall acknowledge that in his anger and passion he did speake some words to the wrong of this Court, and this being done this Order to be annihilated. 22nd September, 1642. Alsoe for the more peaceable treaty and discussing matters in times of Courts of Assistants It is ordered That decency be held in these Courts proceedings and that every one of the Assistants as he is in his turne and time of Delivery to yeild his voyce shall not use any impertinent speeches or divert the matter in question into some other busines but give his answer freely to the present matter proponed and that during the time of his delivery of his speech or opinion none other of the Assistants shall give crosse or thwarting speeches or calumniate that Assistant And if any Assistant shalbe soe Uncivill That then the present M r or Governour shall cause him to be silent and shall put such Assistants Interrupi-on of speech to question concerneing his ffine for evill behaviour and such Interruptor being found faulty shall pay the ffine of vj s viij' 1 according to the Ordinance in that behalfe made. 3rd October, 1642. Alsoe M r Cotton layed downe his (fines imposed on him at the last Court of Assistants viz' xxvj s viij 1 The M r of the Company moveing by the consent of the last Court M r Cotton to withdrawe himselfe according to Orders and Custome, he gave this Court this peremptory answer, I will not goe out c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 251 of the Court nor the M r hath noe power to bidd mee goe out and that the Court had noe power to fine him, then he threatned M r Warden Arris as he sat in the Court saying Winter will come, Alsoe he abused M r Dye in his delivery of speech to this Court that his speeches were rotten speeches and thwarted him to the general! disturbance of the Court, and to M r Martin Browne threatning him I will make you know it better in another place Alsoe he sought to disable the M H hand which was signed to Ticketts for his and other appearances at the Hall for defaults saying they might choose whether to appeare or not Alsoe he told the Court with high language I will not be dismissed. fforasmuch as this Court is informed and it doth fully appeare to this present Court of Assistants That M r Lawrence Cotton hath from time to time bin a disturber of the Unity peace and amity of this Society and hath by many reproachfull Words and ill behaviour abused the present M K of the Company and divers of the Assistants and Members of this Company Whereupon this Court doth dismisse the said M r Cotton out of and from his place of an Assistant and being an Examiner. Mr. Cotton subsequently made his peace, was reinstated and served the office of Master, 1645 •' 8th July, 1644. Whereas by Order of the Honourable house of Comons assembled in Parliament of the 28"' June last the President of the Colledge of Physicians was appointed to call this Company before them and to tender the Covenaunt by them This Court conceiveing their Priviledges to be thereby infringed this Co" the M r doe advise with Councell Doth order that a Petition be framed to be preferred by all the Assistants that are now present or the major part, to the House of- Comons to have the tendring of the Coveniit themselves to theire owne Members and the Charge to be allowed out of the Comon stock. 2 K 2 JJJJJJ, THE COMMONALTY. HE admission to membership in the Company has ever been by servi- tude, patrimony, or redemption, and the fines and fees payable have varied so much at different periods in our history, and have frequently been so capricious, that no attempt has been made to tabulate them, though references will be made here and there to the prevailing fees of the period. The fees for apprentices have always been of a nominal description, and generally so of freemen, though, in olden time, the Court, as became the Masters of the mystery of " bleeding," not unfrequently bled a new member by a substantial fine on admission, but also put him to the expense of a dinner into the bargain. An ample fine, suited to the period, has always been taken from the Liverymen who were, in the days of the Tudors and Stuarts The initial letter T is reducer! from one in the Audit Book 1614-15. c/Jmmls of the Barber-Surgeons. 253 a comparatively small section of the Company, and rarely exceeded fifty in number ; they were always chosen from the more substantial of the Yeomanry, and if on election they refused " to take the clothing," as was frequently the case, a heavy penalty was imposed, which, if not paid, the unhappy yeoman was forthwith committed to the Compter, where, upon reflection, he generally came to the conclusion to submit. It is right, however, to state that at all times the Court have, in cases where the proposed Liveryman was actually a poor man, remitted the fine, and allowed him to continue a yeoman ; on the other hand, contumacious refusal was invariably met in the firmest manner and conquered. The practice of calling up yeomen to the Livery was at times resorted to as a means of putting the Company into funds, and as these calls generally took place at periods of national trouble, when the coffers of the Company had been emptied by the King or the Parliament, the intended Liverymen were themselves not unfrequently in sore straits, and great contentions arose. About one hundred and fifty years ago the practice of enforcing these fines was in regular operation, but since then it has been attended with varying success ; not that the Company has not by law the power of enforcement, but a prejudice had grown up against the system, and the Court has been unwilling to sanction a resort to extremities. Early in the present century three or four actions were brought against freemen to recover penalties of ,£20 for refusing to accept the Livery ; in one case which was ripe for trial the Company withdrew the record and paid the costs, and the others seem to have been abandoned. All freemen on being sworn were liable to pay "quarterage," which has been from the earliest period, and still is, 2s. per annum. 1 The quarterage is now usually compounded for on admission by payment of a sum down. 2^4 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. On a man coming up for admission he was " presented," that is, seen by the Court who enquired into his position, knowledge, fitness and general qualifications, and if approved he paid his fees and was sworn. Some of the earlier forms of oath will be seen on reference to the Ordinances, and that used up to a very recent period was as follows : — You shall swear That you shall be True and Loyal to our Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria and faithful and true in all lawful things unto the Corporation and Company of the Mystery of Barbers of London, whereof you are now made free, and accordingly be obedient to the Master and Governors thereof: and as much as in you lieth maintain amity and unity therein ; and obey observe and perform all the lawful rules statutes and ordinances thereof; and be proportionally contributory to the best of your power, to all lawful or reasonable charges contributions and payments belonging or necessarily appertaining to you to bear and pay as other Brethren of the same Company do. And also you shall obey all manner of summons or warnings done, or to be made by the Clerk Beadle or other officer of the said Company thereunto assigned in the name of the Master and Governors, having no lawful or reasonable excuse to the contrary. All these articles you shall duly, truly, fully and faithfully observe, perform and keep to the best of your power. So help you God. A few years since, this oath was changed into a declaration, the words "You shall declare" being substituted for "You shall swear." It was generally the practice, when a member wished to be translated to another Company or entirely discharged, that he should pay a fine for his dismission. In 1724, Mr. John Bamber, a Surgeon, informing the Court that he intended to practise as a Physician and to become a Member of the College of Physicians prayed for his discharge, which was granted to him on payment of thirty guineas, and there are other entries to the like effect. The regulations for the governance of the members are very fully contained in the Ordinances referred to elsewhere, and oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 255 it would therefore be tedious to further allude to them here. On a perusal of the extracts from the minutes, etc., many curious particulars will be seen concerning both freemen and liverymen who were liable to be expelled for not being "able" {i.e., solvent) and also for not attending in their livery gowns and hoods upon summons. There are many and often reminders to the livery to appear in their gowns with their hoods upon their shoulders, and there are also cases in which individuals were forbidden to wear their gowns and hoods by way of punishment. The dress of the livery has been well described in Herbert's Livery Companies, and Planche's Costume, and we can see it in our great Holbein picture, though the dresses worn on that occasion were of a much richer description than those in daily use. It will be seen that the Livery were constantly going out in procession in days of old. There were the services at St. Paul's on Christmas and Candlemas days, the Lord Mayor's procession, the setting of the watch on Midsummer Eve, the celebration of 5th November, the anniversary of Cowrie's Conspiracy, the Election Service at St. Olave's, Silver Street, days of thanksgiving and humiliation, Royal progresses and Civic pageants. To all of these the Livery were bidden to go by precept, and on neglect of the summons were fined. In many cases certain of them were appointed to ride on horseback with velvet coats and chains of gold about their necks, and when not so apparelled they appeared in their gowns of black and scarlet, with their hoods upon their shoulders. What would we not give for a photograph of one of these gorgeous scenes wherein we should see the "liverie of our solempne and grete fraternite " riding "ayenst," say, Queen Elizabeth in 1599? Our earlier records of freemen are unfortunately lost, the first register commencing in the year 1 55 1, but at Guildhall I have 256 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. discovered several admissions of freemen Barbers to the freedom of the City, and here place a few of them upon record. The first is in 1 309 : — Thomas Orgor barbitonsor admissus fuit in libtate civitatis &: jur° &c die sabl p°xima post festfi sci Edmundi Regis & martir anno R. E. fiP R. E. tcio coram Nich'o de ffarendon Joh'e de Wyndesore & Henr' de Dunolm Aldris Et dat commitati xx s quos p^dci Aldri recep°unt. (Translation.) Thomas Orgor, Barber, was admitted into the freedom of the City and sworn, etc., on Saturday next after the feast of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr in the third year of King Edward, the son of King Edward, before Nicholas de Farendon, John de Windsor and Henry de Durham, Aldermen, And gave to the Commonalty 20s., which the aforesaid Aldermen received. Other entries are much in the same form, a few of which, abridged, follow : — 1309. John de Dodinghurst, Barber, admitted and sworn, etc., Friday next after the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle ; paid half a mark. 1 3 10. Ralph the Barber admitted, etc., 1 6th March ; paid one mark. 1 3 10. Gilbert Blaunchard, Barber, admitted, etc., 1st April; paid 10s. 1 3 10. Peter de Pecham, Barber, admitted, etc., 12th May, " at the instance of Roger le Brabanzon, a justice of our Lord the King " ; paid 5s. 1 3 to. Galfridus de Trengye, Barber, admitted, etc., Saturday before the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist ; paid 10s. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 25J 131 1. John Syvvard, Barber, admitted, etc., Monday before the feast of St. Edmund the King, at the instance of the Lord Walter, Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor, " et ideo nichil dat p libtate habenda," "and therefore gave nothing to have the freedom ! " 131 2. Ralph de Bosbery, Barber, admitted, etc., on Monday in the feast of St. Valentine ; paid half a mark. 1312. John de Fynceham, Barber, admitted, etc., 6th April; paid i ay. 13 12. Henry de la Chaumbre, Barber, admitted, etc., on Monday in the vigil of the Assumption ; paid half a mark. 13 1 2. Thomas de Mangrave who was the apprentice of Richard le Barber of Bread Street, was admitted on Wednesday before the feast of St. James the Apostle, on the testimony of Katherine, widow of the said Richard and of Robert de Gloucester, the executors of his will ; paid 2s. 6d. The "Richard le Barber" mentioned in the last entry was Master of the Company in 1308. The freemen were formerly enrolled in the "yeomanry" and formed a minor fraternity within the Company {see the chapter on the Yeomanry). All freemen practising as journeymen or assistants, if Barbers, Surgeons, or Barber-Surgeons were " sessed at the Hall," that is, their wages were settled for them by the Court, and entered in a book, together with the period for which they agreed to serve, the period being never less than one year nor more than three. These men were often called " covenant servants," but they paid quarterage, 2 L 2 5 8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. and were entitled to all the privileges of freedom, excepting that they could not take apprentices. If a freemen desired to start in business, the By-laws of 1530 required that he should prove to the Court as an act precedent to his so doing, that he was possessed of goods to the value of ten marks. A certain class of members called " Foreign Brothers" are very frequently alluded to in the Books, and it has been a matter of some difficulty to ascertain what their status exactly was, but by collation of numerous entries I have come to the conclusion that, with very few exceptions, they were all of them practising Surgeons, and that they had not been apprenticed to freemen of the Company. If practising within the jurisdiction of the Company, they were compelled to join, or else to forbear to practise, and it seems that on admission they were required to satisfy the Court by the production of their Indentures of apprenticeship to Country or other Surgeons that they had duly served seven years, and to give ample proof of their skill and knowledge before the Examiners ; exceptions to the production of indentures were, however, made in favour of those who came with recommendations from persons of quality, or of such as had acquired eminence and position in the profession. All sea surgeons were " Foreign Brothers" and paid a fine (generally seven guineas) on admission, they also paid quarterage as freemen, and when they resided within the jurisdiction were subject to all the rules and ordinances of the Company as other freemen, being frequently fined and imprisoned for malpractice, etc., though they were not entitled to the benefit of the charities, to come to the dinners, or to confer the right of admission by patrimony upon their sons, nor do they seem to have been necessarily free of the City. Many Surgeons practising in the Country became Foreign Brothers for the sake of the diplomas granted at Barber-Surgeons' Hall. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 259 There are a few instances of "Barbers" being compelled to become Foreign Brothers, for which I am unable to give an explanation, unless they be errors of description by the Clerk for " Barber-Surgeons." Every freeman on admission formerly paid $s. zp/., and every apprentice on " presentation " 2s. 6d. For many years the names of these persons are entered in the Audit Books, and thus it has been possible to ascertain the number admitted extending over a considerable period. It appears that from the year 1603 to 1674, 3,479 persons were admitted to the freedom, an average of about 48 per annum ; and 9,554 apprentices were presented, an average of about 133 per annum. The greatest number of freemen admitted was in the year 1647 when 82 came on, and the least in 1666 when but 23 were admitted. With apprentices the greatest number presented was in the year 1629 when there were 219, and the least again in the year of the Great Fire when there were but 54. Between 1674 and 1745, about 75 freemen and 162 apprentices would be the yearly average. After the separation in 1745, and indeed down to the beginning of this century, a respectable average was maintained, being about 40 freemen and 60 apprentices per annum. In the hundred years between 1746 and 1845, 2,964 persons were admitted to the freedom and 4,298 apprentices were presented, being an average of about 30 of the former and 43 of the latter for each year. The least number of freemen coming on was in 1845, when only 5 were admitted, and of apprentices in 1844, when but 4 were presented. 2 l 2 260 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The apprentices always seem to have been a fruitful source of trouble both to their Masters and to the Company, and numerous are the entries of their floggings and imprisonments. The term of servitude was generally seven years, but in a few instances it was eight and even nine, the age at which boys were taken was usually fourteen, and before the Indentures were sealed the boy was " presented " to the Court that it might be seen that he was clean and not deformed or diseased. If approved, the Indentures were executed and recorded, and in all cases the apprentice actually lived with his Master, who covenanted to find him meat, drink, apparel, lodging and all other necessaries according to the custom of the City. If the boy's master died or for other reasons was unable to continue his business, it became necessary for him to be " turned over " to another master, free of the Company, and that such turn over should be approved and recorded, otherwise the apprentice was disqualified for his freedom. When his term expired the Master brought him to the Hall and " testified " to his faithful service, whereupon he became entitled to the freedom on payment of a nominal fine. Sometimes Masters refused to make their apprentices free, in which cases the Court enquired into the circumstances, and acted in accordance with the merits of the case. From the earliest times the custom has prevailed to admit women to the freedom, mostly by apprenticeship, but also by patrimony, and these freewomen bound their apprentices, both boys and girls, at the Hall ; of course the ladies were not admitted to the livery, but otherwise they had the same privileges as freemen so far as the same were compatible with their sex. At the present time (1890) there is one freewoman of the Barbers' Company. c/Jimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 261 APPRENTICES. jjpJSgllJj RDERED 17th July, 1551. That Water Lynche whiche was premise w"' John Tholmwoode Barborsurgeon shalbe and ys contented to serve Thomas Woolf as a prentice from the daye above written untyll the viij" 1 yere of King Edward the sixte and so the sayd Water Lynche his yeres to be fully ended and ronne out at the feaste of all Saints as may appere by his Indenture. 19th September, 1552. Ordered that when any prentise dothe goo awaye from his M r the same M r shall bring in his Indenture and here to remayne tyll the prentice come agayne and to be regestred. It was also ordered that the Beadle should make out all Indentures of apprenticeship, and any one else presuming to do so should pay a fine of $s. ^d. 27th April, 1556. It was ordered that no apprentice should wear a beard of beyond fifteen days' growth, and that on breach of this order the master of the apprentice was to pay a fine of half a mark. 15th October, 1566. Here in this Court John James the appnts of John Shryve for pylferyng, & so here he had his correction.' 27th May, 1 567. Robert Cholmeley complained of his apprentice for y' he doth not his worke as he ought & for his other ill demeanors And so in the p°sents of this Court the saide app°nts humbled hym upon his knees and p^myssed his amendment. 1567. The quarrels between masters and apprentices about this period were numerous, and occupied a great deal of the time of the Court, who in dealing with them generally pursued a policy of reconciliation and made the parties friends again. In certain cases, 1 That is, he was flogged. 262 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. masters were fined for ill-treating apprentices, whilst some of the latter had their Indentures cancelled or "torn in Court" and were either whipped or ordered to behave better, or to find new masters. 22nd August, 1569. Here was Rich Upton Playntyf agaynst his apjints \V" Fyshe for that he ranne awaye frome his said M r the xxj"' of the former moneth and tooke w"' hym s°ten instruments for surgery & other things more, \v d ' p^tyculers were here p°sently sene & by the said W" Fyshe confessed and that he had no cawse to go frome his said M r but that he wolde have gon to the sea and accordynge to his desert had correction and punnyshment unto auncyent custom w"' roddes. 22nd November, 1569. Memorand'' upon the xxij 1 '- day of November 1569 in the afternowne Gyles Swalldell thappentC of Chrystofor Swalldell for goyng forth of his maisters house at unlawfull tymes and houres & in evell company wastinge and consumyng his M re grocery wares also therebyc he the appntf then had the correction of this hall accordyng to his desertf as the justice & equytie by the M r & gov°nors thoughte at the request of his said M r to be most mete and convenient. And so the said gyles Swalldell appntf hathe promysed here that he wylbe a good faythfull & trusty servant unto his said M r and never hereafter offende any more. 1 st June, 1570. Here was John thappntf of Thomas Wayte (for) abusying of Rog r Laborne & his wyfe and his M r also and he had favorable correction for his offenc^. John possibly thought it rather unfavourable. By the next entry it would appear that Master Ralph Soda found the society of the ladies more congenial to his tastes than the practice of shaving and bloodletting. 15th February, 1572. Here was Henry Lusshe and witnessed how that his appntice Rafe Soda ranne awaye ffrom hym and contract hym self to three wemen and was asked at Westm' in the church and also had delt unhonestly w" 1 his mayde srVnt. 19th May, 1573. Here was John Newsam and he was appoynted to brynge in his fyne for not p n sentynge his apprentice. Here was John Appowell and he was appoynted the lyke. c/limals of the Barber-Surgeons. 263 9th June, 1573. Here was Olyv Pecocke the covenaunte S'Vaunt of Allen Colly beinge comytted to Warde uppon Wednesday last on M r Warden Robynsons comaundment for goynge ffrom his master ffrom the Sounday untill Wednesdaye next and he was nowe relesed so that his master paynge his wages he shall serve hym. 2 1 st July, 1573. Pecocke complained to the Court against his master " ffor not well usinge hym in beatinge hym." The next is a quaint piece of dry humour — 6th October, 1573. Here was an order taken between Danyell Botham and his app°ntice that he should well and trewly s°ve his M r and not to make any more complainte or trouble the M rs any more, and yf he do nott s°ve his M r accordyngly he shall have the Almes of the howsse. The " Alms of the house" were on some other like occasions promised to troublesome apprentices. 18th October, 1573. Here was John Staples and brought in his apprentyze for evyll behavio r by hym comytted in his masters house w"' his masters mayde and he made his submyssion on his knees and asked his master forgevenes in the courte, and he was forgeven uppon condycon that he should amend well & faythfullye w"'out farther complaint or elles to have the ponnyshment of the howsse. nth December, 1599. In the matter in controversie betwixt Juliance Yonge & John Bradley his apprentice it is ordered that the sayd Yonge shall take his sayd apprentice into his service agayne And that the sayd Yonge shall use him as hee oughte to doe And that the sayd apprentice shall well and honestly behave himself towards his sayd M r - 22nd January, 1600. This daye Daniell Hinkesman brought in his fine of xl s for sufferinge his apprentice to dwell w"' a gentleman. This apprentice had probably been let out to hire as a valet by Hinkesman, who received his wages instead of teaching him his trade. 264 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 20th February, 1600. Noah Bayley having been complained of for striking his apprentice Andrew Mathew, he was fined 405., and at the next Court Mathew had license to sue Bayley at the Common law for " breaking his head." 17th June, 1600. This daye it was ordered that George Langton apprentice to M' ffrederick shalbe comitted to the compter for his unreverent behaviour towardes his M r ' 7th August, 1600. John Sares is to be called in question for geveinge wages to his apprentice. 2nd December, 1600. This daye uppon complaynt made to this Courte it was ordered that Henry Needham should put awaye his apprentice Willm Webbe for that it was then apparantly p n ved that hee is marryed w"'in his terine And it was thereuppon furth r ordered that the p^sentacon should be discharged by a vacat thereuppon to be entered. 5th May, 1601. This daie the wiefe of Thomas Asbridge decessed did complaine of Marke Nurse her apprentice for absentinge himselfe from her service and other his misdemeanors towardes her All w ch uppon his humble suite and promise of amendment was forgeeven him. 1 6th June, 1601. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Shurwin apprentice to John Urvey shalbe for ever utterly dischardged of his terme of apprentisship for that it appeareth to the Maisters uppon hearinge of their controversie that he hath the said apprentice colorablie. 30th June, 1 601. This daye Robert Wallis is dischardged from his apprenti- ship for that it appeared to this Court that his maister did not mayntayne him w th sufficient meate drynck and apparrell. 22nd September, 1601. This daye uppon complaynt made by Jelly apprentice to Hughe ffell that the said ffell had put him oute of his service before hee had acquainted the M 15 therew th It was ordered that the said ffell should receive his said apprentice in to his service againe & that hee should p^sently inroll him. And that the said ffell should appeare before the M R at the next Courte. oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 65 3rd November, 1601. This daye uppon hearinge of the Controversie betwixt John Howe & his apprentice It is ordered that hee shall take home his said apprentice and use him well hereafter And whereas the said Apprentice hath complayned for that the said Howe dothe not exercyse the said apprentice in his trade of Barbery & Surgery It is furth' ordered that if the said Howe shall not take a shoppe and use his trade before Christemas next that the said apprentice shalbe turned over to anoth r of the same arte. 1 6th March, 1602. This daye it is p°mised & undertaken before the M rs of this Company by Robert Leadbeater that hee the said Robert shall & will at the expiracon of the apprentisheep of Henry Edwards his apprentice geve unto the said Henry twoe suites of decent apparrell & a cloke. 20th April, 1602. I Michaell Braye doe p''mise and undertake That at the ende & expiracon of the tearme of apprenticeship of George Parkins ray Apprentice I will geve unto him a new suite of apparrell viz one dublett one p° of hose one hatt one p of stockins and one Cloke of decent apparrell In witnes whereof I have hereunto put my hand. 22nd February, 1603. This daye it is ordered that Thomas Mownsley shall for his disobedience to his M r be comitted to the Compter. 1 6th April, 1605. This daye Peter Saunderson certiefied the Court that hee had offered to inroll his apprentice before the Chamberlin and it was denyed him because the apprentice could not at the end of his terme accomplishe the Age of xxiij yeres. 4th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that John Udall shall at the next Courte bringe in his fine of xl s for puttinge a waye his Apprentice Tho. Hobbes w th out o r M ri consent (see 18th June). 4th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Roger Kiffin shalbe dischardged of his apprentiship w th Richard Bonner for that hee wanteth meate drinck & apparrell And hee is to finde him selfe a nother M' of this Company. (See 25th June.) 1 8th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that John Udall shalbe committed to the Compter for his contempt. 1 1 The contempt being that Udall having " put away" his Apprentice, (i.e., had him locked up in Bridewell, without the leave of the Court,) and being fined 40s-. for that offence, had refused to pay his fine. 2 M 266 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 25th June, 1605. Richard Bonner is to bringe in his apprentices Roger Kiffins Indenture at the next Courte or ells hee is to be comitted to the Compter. 25th June, 1605. This daye Thomas Clemence was fined at x s for that hee was not bound apprentice by the Clark of this Company. 24th September, 1605. This day it is ordered that David Vaughan apprentice to Richard Davis shalbe p°ntlie dischardged from his said M r for the residue of his terme to come for that his said M r hath given him unlawfull correction as it was affirmed and hath not trayned him up in the trade that he used being Barbinge and Surgery. And is to bring in the Apprentices indenture att the next Courte or ells to be comitted to the Compter for his contempt. And the app°ntice is in the meane tyme to continue w th his freindC And is not to s°ve any p°son that useth the trade of silck weavinge any more w th in the liberties of London. 7th January, 1606. This day it is ordered that John Browne and his apprentice be here at the next Courte. And he is to be comaunded from our M rs to discharge his app°ntice out of Bridewell w cl> he holdeth there And then to be before o r said M rs at their next Court both he and his apprentice. 14th January, 1606. John Browne is to bringe in his fine for puttinge away his app'Vitice \v"'out the M rs order. 5th July, 1608. This daye in the Controversie betwixt Nicholas Braye and Humfrey Pittf It is ordered for that the M rs doe fynde that the Apprentice is not kept as hee ought to be but is lowsie and also his M r for want of change of apparrell And that therefore wee doe not fynde him a fit M r It is ordered that if the said Nicholas Braye doe not hereafter use his apprentice in Better Order that then the apprentice shalbe turned over to anoth' freeman of this Company. 23rd May, 1609. This daye Richard Tyler broughte in his fine accordinge to a former order for puttinge awaye (i.e., imprisoning) his apprentice w*out the M" order And it was mittigated to xx s - 19th November, 1611. At this Court it is ordered that John Todd shall on the next tuesdaies Court bring in his fyne of 40 s for that he did not bynde an app°ntice w ch is now w th him according to the Custome of this hovvse. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 26 7 19th November, 1611. At this Court Robert Hawley the app°ntice of Thomas Clarke was for his stubbornes & other imsemely pranckf by him used towardf his M r as also for his lewd & bad service brought before the M' s whereupon he promising of amendem' his faultf was for this tyme remitted. 22nd February, 16 13. In the complaint made by William Richardson against his M r John Sabyn being heard & proved at this Court by his owne confession that Sabyn did use unlawfull correction to his app'Vitice. It is ordered that the M r shall not use hereafter any such unlawfull correction for if he doe & his app ntice make complaint thereof to the M rs of this Company, then the app°ntice shall be taken awaye from him And further it is ordered that the app n ntice shall doe his M r just & true service, And that the said Sabyn shall the next Court daie bring in his fyne for not inrowling of his said app°ntice w ,b in the tyme lymitted by the ordynancf of this howse. 22nd February, 161 3. This daye Joseph Boreman made promise to p n forme such order as the M" did heretofore set downe between him and his app n ntice namely that he will give to the same app°ntice two suitf of apparell fitt for such an app°ntice accordinge to the true meaning of the same w"'out any fraud. 27th September, 1614. At this Court Raph Dixon the app°ntice of our M r M r Hassall for manie lewd misdemeano" & for getting a woman w th child, being an appnntice shold have had the correction of the howse, but upon consideration had he is to be sent to bridewell. 23rd January, 1615. In the complaint made by Margery Stokes in the behalf of her grand child John Taft who is th° apprentice of one John Hedlowe for that the said Hedlow haveing receaved w th the said appnntice the some of Tenn poundf doth now turne him away & refuseth to restore the monie w ch he had w'" him. It is therefore by this Court ordered that the said Hedlow shall either receave the same app°ntice into his service agayne or otherwise repaie the said some of Tenn poundes wherefore he promised unto this Court to take the same app°ntice agayne into his service. 14th March, 1615. In the matter of complaint made by the weif of one Xpofer Greene who is now gone to the East indies of & about her servaunt or appnntice for that he kepeth her shop & doth gyve her no allowaunce toward^ the kepeing of her out of the getting^ in the same shop w ch being duely herd at this Court It is ordered that the said app°ntice shall from henceforth weekelie make unto his M ns a trew &: just accompt of 2 M 2 268 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. such monie as he shall gett in the same shop & that from henceforth he shall be at the appoyntment of his mistris & of the M re of this companie and his M rls shall have & enjoy all such benifitt as shalbe gotten by the said shopp. 14th November, 1615. In the complaynt made by the servant of William Corbett against his M r w ch beinge examyned at this Court It is aparyant that the boy hath very stubburnlie & naughtielie behaved himself unto his M r Whereupon it is this daie ordered that the boy shall goe home agayne w th his M r & behave himselfe more honestlie then formerlie he hath done w ch the boy promiseth to doe. 1 8th February, 161 6. In the complaint made by M ris Wootten against her app^ntice Thomas Hill for his neclect of service & for pleaing at dice & whoring It is therefore ordered that the boy be corrected. 1 8th February, 1616. In the complaint made by David Richardson against his M r ffletcher for lack of vittualls It is ordered that ffletcher shall take the boy home & kepe him as an app°ntice ought to be kept. There are several records of masters being fined for keeping more than three apprentices, the usual penalty being ,£5, though this was sometimes mitigated on petition. 13th June, 1626. This daye John Pinder made complaint against Janson his app°ntice, this Courte caused the vizard and coate to be brought into the Parlor, and the apprentice submitted himselfe to his Maister soe that his punishment was forborne. For some particulars as to the vizard coate and bulbegger, see p. 393. The mere sight of them had a softening effect upon Master Janson, as also upon George Tether, who seems to have caught a glimpse of them next year. 7th August, 1627. This daye the weife of Salomon Carr made complaint against her apprentice George Tether formerly bound to Jeffery Baskervile deceased and he had the bulbegger showed him, whoe upon his humble submission to his M ris was spared in hoape of his better service to her hereafter. 20th November, 1632. Martine Stamp made complaint a«it John Scott by peticon to this Court thereby intimateing that his son Scotts app°ntice is nowe kept and o/l minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 269 imployed onely for digging delveing & planting and pruneing potatoes & tobacco in the Barmoothoes Hand. (Query Bermudas.) 28th January, 1635. It is ordered that Jonas Gargrave shalbe prosecuted to be disfraunchised at the charge of this house in regard he tooke a married maun apprentice knoweingly. Mr. Heydon's apprentice, next referred to, was doubtless a gay and swaggering young gentleman, and the Court in meteing out its amusing sentence must have been conscious of touching him on a sore place. 9th August, 1647. Mr. Heydon complayneing to this Court of his apprentice here present in Court ffor his evill and stubborne Behavior towards him and frequent absences out of his service in Day time and in late houres at night The said apprentice being in Court to answer to the same did rudely and most irreverently behave himselfe towards his said M r and the whole Court in sawcy language and behaviour useing severall Oathes protesting that he will not serve his M r whatever shall come of it This Court did therefore cause the Haire of the said apprentice (being undecently long) to be cut shorter. 8th August, 1729. It is ordered that the Clarke do sue M r - Lee M r - Pemble and M r - Bonzer for binding their Apprentices by Scriveners and not at the Hall. 4th August, 1 741. It is ordered that James Parnell Stevenson who was this day bound an apprentice to Tho s - fford be brought here 12 months hence by his Ma r that the Court may be satisfyed of his being better improved in his Learning. 5th November, 1 791. Elizabeth Conyers was apprenticed to Elizabeth Castle and presented and bound in Court. This is but one of numerous entries of girl apprentices. The Registers of apprentices were for a long period kept in Latin, e.g. : 28th July, 1658. Mathew Moy fift M.M. nuper de coin Staford vintener defunct: po: se app. Tho. Pace Watchmaker pro 7 annis a die dat. The following is an example of a boy being bound to a free- woman of the Company. 2JO ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 23rd June, 1658. Daniel Alderson fitt Jacobi A. nuper Civ. et B. S. Londini defunct po: se app. matri suo Katherine Alderson pro 8 annis a die dat. And here is an instance of a girl, the daughter of a "gentleman," being bound to a Barber-Surgeon and to his wife. 1 8th December, 1660. Katharina Bowghy fit. Georgii B. de Addley in coin Stafford gent, defunct po: se ajip W'"° Bennett B.C. et Martha; uxori ejus pro 7 annis a die dat. FREEMEN. HE earliest recorded fine on admission to the freedom was £3, one Martin Partridge being sworn in on 26th July, 1 55 1, when he paid £1 and gave security for the remainder. 10th September, 1551. John Bryckett, " toothe drawer," was admitted " a brother into this house " and paid £1. 10th November, 1 55 1 . On this day four freemen were admitted paying respectively 6s. 8d., 10s., 2s., iod., and another man paid nil, which indicates that the fines on admission were variable and at the pleasure of the Court. 19th September, 1552. It was ordered that free journeymen should not pay quarterage until such time as they set up for themselves and kept house. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 271 4th July, 1566. It was ordered that in future any one seeking admission to the freedom if " Inglyshe borne" should pay £\ and any " alyan or straynger " £$. 7th October, 1567. In this Courte Rich Morrys upon his fre makinge p'myssed to gcve the M ri a hucke. 21st October, 1567. In this Courte Thomas Symons and Willm fferrat are swome and admytted brethren of this Company and are lycenced to sett open shoppe as parteners to gether w"'oute Smythefelde bars. 2nd June, 1573. Here was Edward Duffeeld of London a practioner in phisick & Surgery and required to be a brother of this Company and yt was agreed that he should pay xl s in hand and other xl s at S'- James daye. 9th June, 1573. Here was Gabriel Petrol for not being admytted a Brother [he] occupynge Surgerye w th out admyttaunce and he promysed he would and yt was agreed that he should at a moneth ende bringe in xl s in p°te of payment of v 1 ' w"'out any farther delaye. 3rd June, 1600. Henry Wheelis is appoynted to p°cure his M r to make him free the next Court or to geve ov° his shop in long lane yf not then to be comitted to the compter. 22nd July, 1600. This daye Henry Wilson of Ratcliffe and Mathewe Eaton of S' Bartholomew in West Smythfeyld were suters to the M re of this Company to become broth rs of the same whereuppon they are by this Court injoyned to geve their answere the next Court what gratificacon they will bestowe of the Company. 6th November, 1604. This daie Vincent Lowe became humble suiter to this Companie to be admytted into the same by redempcon to w ch request this Courte hath consented p^vided hee paie to this Companie in gratificacon v 1 ' of lawfull money of England and doe bestowe a dinn' uppon the Assistant^ on Thursday next. 'On. 2j2 o/liiiials of the Barber-Surgeons. 5 th February, 1605. This daie it is ordered that Edward Carclill Inholder shalbe translated from his Company to this payinge to the M rs to the use of this Company iiij 1 ' and beareinge the ordenary chardge. 9th April, 1605. It is this daye ordered that Raphe Parsons a freeman of this Company and Thomas Sampson Edward Squier and Robert Hoddy late servants & apprentices to xpofer Thompson shall fynde them M re in this Company to be turned over unto before whitson tyde next And that they shall continue no longer w th their mistres because shee is nowe marryed to a Grocer who is not free of this Company. 29th January, 16 10. fforasmuch as Tobye Johnson would not give consent to this Court that James Kent 1 should be made a freeman The Court have thought fytt the said James should be at this Court sworn e a freeman of this Company for that ytt cannot appeere to this Court that the said Johnson can prove any materiall thinge against the said Jame to debarr him of his freedome. 14th January, 1611. This daie William Tavemor the late app°tice of Widdowe Sanderson did before the M' s of this Company promise that he would not at any tyme hereafter set up a barbers shopp in any place w th in two p°isshes = at the least where the said Widdowe Sanderson dwelleth or keepeth shopp uppon w ch promise soe by him made the said Widdowe Sanderson is contented to make him a freeman of this cittie not w ,h standing he hath untill October next to serve. 2nd July, 161 2. This daie at this Court yt is ordered that Edward Squior the Dyer shall not be translated from this Company unto the Company of the Dyers for that if this howse shall give consent unto him maney others of this Company as well Dyers & grocers as other tradf would sue to have the like kindenes. 9th January, 161 5. At this Court, one John Mathews, "an oculist," made suit for his admission by redemption — w ch this Court did consent unto conditionallie to gyve this howse a great beare bowle sutable to the rest of the great beare bowles w ch he consented unto. 1 His late apprentice. * Parishes. c/J minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 273 LIVERYMEN. RDERED 19th September, 1552, that Peter Saxton and Thomas Dixon shalbe dysmiste of the Clothinge for their yll demeanor and behavyor And also Mathew Johnson because he ys not habull. 1 5th November, 1555. Ordered that Henry Pemarton shall not weare his Lyvery hoode nor paye no maner of quartrage unto this house but shalbe cleane exempted out of the same. 26th March, 1558. Robert Foster, Robert Grove, and Thomas Barnet were expelled the Livery "because they are not able." 4th July, 1566. It was ordered that the Livery from thence- forth should not exceed fifty persons. 3rd December, 1566. Thomas Lambkyn and John Morryt appeared before the Court and testified against Edward Parke for that the said Edward — saide he wolde not come to the Courte beynge warned & y 1 yf the M r comytted hym to warde he wolde brynge the M r before the Lorde cheefe Justice And it is ordered y l the saide Parke shall & is upon his humble submission remytted.- 26th September, 1581. It was agreed that ev°y one in the Lyverie should go decently in gownes all a like at all metinges and assemblies. 30th June, 1601. This daye Abraham Allen John Hassold Richard Eade & Henry Oseyld lately taken into the livery of this Company p n sented themselves in their liv'y gownes and the M r accordinge to order placed their hoods uppon their showld re ' 6th May, 1602. Roger Jenkins, free of the Weavers' Company and an "admitted broth r in the practize of Surgery," applied to be admitted to the freedom, and upon payment of ^10 was made free and taken into the Clothing. Able, i.e., solvent. Be forgiven. 2 N 2J4 c/lnihils of the Barber-Surgeons. 7th June, 1602. This daye it was ordered that forasmuch as Richard Samborne one of the livery of this Company had used divers opprobrius & undecent woordes of M r Newsam That the said Richard should forbeare the wearinge of his livery & hud untill hee had ord r therefore from the M rs of this Company. 1 6th August, 1602. This daye Richard Howlden and Thomas Grig were admitted into the clothinge of this mistery and were commaunded to p°vide them necessary apparrell for the same. 8th November, 1604. This daye Dominick Lumley became humble suiter to this Courte to be dischardged of the office of Steward and M r of the Anothomie and of the Liv°y and all officers w"'inne the same and in consideration thereof hee is to paie tenn poundf to be converted into three peecf of plate as a guifte for his dischardge. 5th February, 1605. This daye Richard Cade & Richard Holden were fyned for not beinge at Powles' in theire Lyveryes & theire hoodes on Candlemas daye last. 22nd January, 1606. This daie Roger Buckley & Richard Wood Junio' for that they dwell in the Cuntrey and have not for long tyme gyven their attendaunce in their lyveryes accordeing to order are absolutely dismissed owt of the lyvery of this Company. 2 1 st August, 1609. This day Andrew Wheatley was fined to xij' 1 for attendinge in a fallinge band w"' his livery gowne w ch he accordinglie payd. 26th October, 1612. This daie it is ordered that from hensforth the lyv'ie of this Company maie at their meeting^ out of this howse weare their hates' w" 1 their lyv°ies Any order heretofore made to the contrary notwithstanding. 29th December, 161 5. Four liverymen admitted this day paid £2 each as a fine, and fifteen others paid £5 each. Humphrey Downinge, who had been chosen a Liveryman, and would not accept the Clothing, was fined and paid ^10. 27th January, 161 7. It was ordered that from henceforth the Liverymen were not to appear at the Hall in their gowns and 1 St. raul ! s. - Hats. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 275 hoods on Christmas, Twelfth and Candlemas days " as formerlie they were accustomed to doe," but at their seats at St. Paul's instead. 13th September, 1621. The livery was generally composed of an equal number of Barbers and of Surgeons ; on this day it was ordered — That at the next choise of a new Lyvcry there shalbe chosen a Barber more than a Surgeon for that M r Kellett hath not accepted of the place as yett, if he shall not accept thereof. 1636. A great many Liverymen were chosen this year, apparently for the purpose of assisting by their fines, the fund for the building of the Anatomical Theatre ; from various entries at this period it would seem that when a freeman desired to be excused taking the Livery, he was obliged to take an oath before the Masters of his inability to pay the fine. 19th May, 1637. This Court upon divers treatise with Abraham Purrott a brother of this Companie being chosen into the livery by a former Court &: he being summoned to appeare this daye by agreem' yet came not and hath alsoe formerly 1 answered that he will not hold the place of a liveryman nor paye the fine but would onely give a peece of plate of v u to this house as his gift in full satisfaction of all his fines & places, \v dl this Court doth think to be farr short And therefore this Court doth impose and fine the said Abraham Purrott at xx 1 ' according to the ordinances confirmed by the Lords & by the Statute. Several others were from time to time similarly fined, both in the 17th and y 8th centuries. 2nd August, 1737. At this Court Robert Young who was the apprentice of James Phillips Surgeon was admitted into the freedom of the Company by service and was sworn, and the said M r Young at the same time took the Livery, and his master M r Phillips out of his own bounty and a just sense of the diligent and faithfull services of the said Robert Young during his Apprenticeship did not only pay the charges of the said M r Young's freedom but did likewise bestow upon him his fine for the Livery being ten pounds. 1 Formally. 2j6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 29th October, 1751. It is ordered that upon all future days for swearing in the Lord Mayor of this City at Westminster when this Company shall have their Stand as usual No Liveryman shallbe admitted into the same without leave of the Master unless he shall walk in the Publick Procession cloathed in his proper Livery gown and hood according to his summons. 3rd October, 1752. It was further ordered — That two men and a constable shall be hired to guard the Stand and see that the said Order be complied with. 9th November, 1765. Several liverymen notwithstanding former orders to the contrary, having appeared on the Company's Stand on Lord Mayors' days without their gowns and hoods, it was ordered that any liveryman transgressing in the like in future, should be fined half-a-guinea. THE YEOMANRY. HE Yeomanry of the Barber-Surgeons appear to have had a most chequered existence, having been " established " and " put downe " several times, until finally they appear to have died out both in constitution and in name. The Yeomanry answered exactly to the class of Members who are now styled " Freemen," and for a long period were the most numerous body in the Company. In early times the numbers of the Livery or Clothing were strictly limited, and under the Tudors and Stuarts rarely exceeded fifty, but as the persons who were com- pelled to take up their freedom, and those who came in voluntarily c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 277 or by patrimony and servitude have always been a numerous section, it appears to have been considered politic to give a constitution to these inferior members of the Mystery, and consequently a Yeomanry, or Company within the Company was set up, and to this the new freeman was admitted after he had been presented and sworn before the Masters or Governors of the Clothing. The Court of the Company framed the Ordinances for the Yeomanry, and whilst delegating to them many of their own privileges, as, for instance, the power to levy fines, and to summarily commit offenders to prison, they always seem to have retained a very tight and jealous hand over them, and were constantly interfering with the Wardens of the Yeomanry. The Yeomanry had their own four Wardens and Court of Assistants, their Beadle and mace, common box, standing cups and other silver plate, their annual dinner, and sometimes, when in a flourishing condition, no less than four dinners in the year, their " corrector " for apprentices, and they also possessed the choice privilege of collecting the quarterage from their members. Under such auspicious circumstances, it could hardly be otherwise than that, in process of time, they should become both presumptuous and audacious and thus provoke inevitable collision with the Ruling body of the Company. The Wardens of the Yeomanry at one period had designated themselves, or certainly encouraged others to describe them, as " The Wardens of the Barber-Surgeons," an assumption not to be tolerated, and, like their Masters on the Clothing, had been accustomed to go to their homes (after their gatherings and feasts) in state, accompanied by a " trayne or traynes " ; these acts of presumption called forth the restraining order of the 15th September, 1588 {vide 2yS cAnmils of the Barber-Surgeons. post). Later on we find that they went "in searche to see what ser'vnts some firemen of the Companie had, w ch they ought not to do," they gave way to too much feasting and arbitrarily exercised their powers of fine and imprisonment, all which offences brought them reprimands, and somewhere about the year 1604 their temporary extinguishment. They were, however, soon after re-erected, but in the year 1635 permanently "disestablished and disendowed." Although the Constitution of the "Yeomanry" was then abolished, the appellation was retained for over 200 years after, though merely as a traditional distinctive name synonymous with that of " freemen." Thus, the whifflers for Lord Mayor's day were always chosen out of the "Yeomanry," and members of the "Yeomanry" are continually spoken of as being chosen into the Livery. In the Audit Book, 1 847-1 848, this ancient term is used for the last time in respect of the receipts for quarterage, after this the designation becomes " freemen." 19th September, 1552. It is condescendyd and agreed that there shalbe no more yomanry of the said Company of Barbors Surgeons. 1st October, 1555. It was agreed "that the yomanrye of the sayed Company of Barbors and Surgeons shalbe establisshed and set up agayne and be in as full strenght force and power as ever yt was before the plucking downe of the same," and articles or ordinances for the Yeomanry were enacted. As, however, these articles are excessively verbose, the following descriptions and extracts will suffice : — Article 1. Out of the Yeomanry were to be chosen four Wardens annually, and named respectively, the uppermost, second, third and youngest Wardens. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2J9 Article 2. One of the Yeomanry to be appointed Beadle of the Yeomanry to execute summonses, etc. Article 3. The Wardens of the Yeomanry to bring in once a year to the Masters and Governors of the Clothing, an account of monies remaining in their hands to be delivered to the new Wardens, and to be "kept and bestowed as they w'in themselves shall thinke yt meete and convenyent to the helpe and comforte of them w'in the yomanry of Barbors and Surgeons." The Wardens were also to present the new Wardens to the Masters or Governors for approval within eight days after being chosen. The Masters or Governors were to " have nothinge to dooe withe the monye of the yomanry." Article 4. If the Masters or Governors should borrow any monies of the Yeomanry they were to repay on a day to be agreed upon " the sayed some so borrowed w 1 thanks geving." Article 5. The Wardens on the day of Election of Masters or Governors of the Clothing shall — come to the dynner at the hall in their best apparrell at the daye appointed whiche is the mondaye senighte before Barthelmew daye, and when the M r and governors of the Clothinge doo gooe and choose the new M r and governors the cheif wardein of the yomanrye shall beare the cup before the M r The seconde wardein shall beare the cupp before the uppermoste governor of the clothinge. The thirde wardein of the yomary shall beare the cupp before the seconde governor of the clothinge and the yongest wardein of the yomanry shall beare the cupp before the yongest governor of the clothinge in knowledging of the setting up of the yomanrye agayne. In the event of sickness or lawful absence, others were to be appointed to this duty. And furthermore that noen of the wardeins of the yomanrye of barbors and surgeons doo presume to goo aboute to make searche to see in anye of the Companyes houses to knowe what prentizes they have or journeymen as the M r and governors doo 2So zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of the clothinge whoo have aucthoritie so to dooe. Yf the wardeins of the yomanry be taken or justelye proved that they doo soo, to forfaycte at every tyme so doying to the hall vj 1 ' xiij s iiij' 1 Article 6. The Wardens of the Yeomanry were to collect the quarterage of freemen (3^. per quarter) and of " fforyners " (6d. per quarter), and duly pay same over to the Masters and Governors, and books of account were to be kept by the Wardens. Note. — In practice this article was varied, as the Yeomanry kept the quarterage and " compounded " with the Masters for a fixed annual sum. Article 7. The Masters were to pay the Wardens of the Yeomanry £\ which had been "advanced by them in 1543 for provysyon of wheete for the Cytie," and which sum had been recently refunded by the City. Article 8. The Yeomanry were to have the use of the chamber "where the Lecture ys reade every Tewysday " whenever they please to consult therein. Article 9. These Articles were to be written on parchment, sealed and delivered to the Wardens of the Yeomanry. Article 10. The Masters were to give notice to the Wardens of the Yeomanry of any rules which they from time to time should make touching the craft. Article 11. The rules and ordinances of the Company were to be read to the Yeomanry three times in every year, viz. : at Candlemas, in May and at Lammas. Article 12. The Yeomanry were to obey all the rules and ordinances now made or to be made. c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 281 16th October, 1555. The first four Wardens of the Yeomanry were presented to the Masters, their names being Edward Hewet, John Surbut, George Corraunte (Corron) and Thomas Buston (Burston). 1 2th October, 1557. It was ordered : — That the Wardens of the yeomanry allwaise for the tyme beinge and by theire Assistant^ shall Elect and chuse every yeare to (two) w"'in themsylffs to be CoostfJ' of the Lyberary and of the Instrmentf \v ch by the M rs and Governors it was thought good and most Convenyent that those too whyche are maisters of the Anathomys to be Elected and Chosen the sayde Cowstf (of the) Lyberary and Instrumetis, and the Wardens of the yeomanry for the tyme beinge shall delyv" and geve the kayse of the lyberarye and of the instrument howse unto those whyche they have Chosen to be Coustose thereof. And (further allso That the sayde Wardens of the yeomanry for the tyme beinge shall allwayse se and looke y l the saide instrumentf be kepte Cleane and that they shall do upon theyre owne Chirgis. - ' 15th September, 1558. It was ordered : — That uppon the Election daye and chusynge of the fowre wardeyns of the yeomary of the Mystery or Companye aforesayde And also theyre Wardeyns then beynge elected and chosen and also theyre Dyner or Recreocion then at o r hall beynge w* all y' Lawfull busynes then don and ended That and then also at theire goynge and dep''tinge frome ou r hall the sayde fowre wardeyns of the yeomanrye so named by that name and by none other shall in any maner of wyse p'sume or take uppon them nor any of them to be wayted on or broughte home unto y r owne houses Neyther shall go unto any other place or placf elf where havynge w" 1 or after them any trayne or traynes eyther of y c sayde Assystaunce or any beynge oute of theyre sayde assystaunce and Companye But every p^sone and persones of the sayde feloshyppe of the yeomanrye then shall quyetly departe and go every man his owne waye aboute his necessarye busynesse. A fine of five marks was ordered to be taken from the " comon boxe " of the yeomanry, if the above regulation should be transgressed. Provided Allwaye That the sayde Wardeyns with the Rest of theyre assystaunce feloshyppe and Companye of the Yeomanry maye and shall at all Tyme 1 Custos or keepers. • Charges. 2 O 28 2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. and tymes decently and orderly go unto the maryagis offering^ and Buryalls of theyre sayde Brethren and Susters of the sayde Company of the yeomanry as they here to fore have dun. 4th July, 1 566. It was ordered that the Wardens and Assistants of the Yeomanry should be allowed to sit at the " Uppermore" table in the Hall on quarter days to receive their quarterages, and to read the rules and ordinances to the Yeomanry. 1 8th February, 1567. In Thys Courte here was Edward Parke beynge' comytted to warde at the comaundment of the wardens of the yeomanry for his disobedyenc''s, and for his oprobrius & obstynat words in the p'sents of this Courte to the M r & govViors he is comytted to warde agayne. 1 8th January, 1569. At this Court seven freemen were sworn in to be Assistants to the Yeomanry. 15th November, 1569. In this Courte the wardens of the yeomanry broughte in the p°sentf of this courte John Wyllet Thorns Warren and John Jaggard & they reported y' Nycolas Whytemore sholde reporte at the thre tonnes at yeldehall gate y' M r Pole of the chauncery shold saye y l we ought to have no wardens of the yeomanry. And Nycols Whytemore said y' he was at supper at M r Pole & one M r Lovels & they paused the statutf & said to Whyttemore he hath ben warden of his copany & he said no he had been warden of the yeomanry & M' Pole sholde saye we cold not have a yeomanry. 18th April, 1570. Here was John Jagger sayth that he was nev° a councell or knoleg of any p°moter beyng set to trouble the Company for the state of o' yeomanry And also John Wyllet denyeth the byll & wyll not confesse any thinge w th oute the p°sentC of his accuser but for knowledge of the p°motter he nev° meante yt he said befor god. And Thomas Warren saed he hathe kepte all to hymsylf & nev mynded nor thoughte to trouble in any respecte and denyeth the byll also. And yt is ordered that they shall agree brotherly together and here after they nor any of them shall move or speake or make any rehcrsall of any matter as consernyng the state of the yeomary upon payne of iprysonment. And Thorns Warren John Wyllet & John Jagger shall take y r romes & placf and brotherly they have eyther of them taken one a nother handes & so these matters nev to be reported any more here after. 1 i.e. Having been. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 283 This brotherly amity did not long continue, for : — 23rd May, 1570. Here was John Warren & John Wyllet is comytted to warde for dysobedyence, and Thomas Newens said that one Husto an informer his neyghbo' saide that the company sholde be arested ' upon a statute & y' yt is one of o r company did sett the enformer to do yt but he founde not the statute to holde w"' them & y'fore he wolde not deale, but to name the p ,:i te 3 he wolde not. Warren and Wyllet must have been sent straight off to prison, as a further minute states that on the same day "after diner," Warren was brought up out of the Compter for examination. On the 29th May, Wyllet made submission and was released from prison. 19th September, 1570. Warren and Wyllet seem to have been cantankerous brethren, for they were complained of by the Wardens of the Yeomanry for refusing to take upon themselves the office of Wardens to which they had been elected. 7th October, 1572. Wyllet is again complained of for going to law with another member of the Company without license from the Masters, to which he pleaded that under a statute 19 Henry VII, cap. viii, he could lawfully do so. The result of this contention is not expressly stated, though there is not the least doubt but that Wyllet revisited the Compter, and ultimately withdrew his suit. 5th March, 1573. It was ordered — That where there hath ben an order that the whole bodye of the yeomanrye of this mysterie were compelled under a certeine fyne and penaltye to meet theire wardens at a certeine place by them appointed beinge by the beadle warned, to go to offre at the weddings of their brethren at all times when any of them weare married w ch was to their great trouble, and divers inconvenyences grewe thereoff as absence from s°rvice and sermons one sonday mornyngs and other unmeate and inconvenient meetinges in steed therof. Wherefore, the said order was declared henceforth to be void. 1 i.e. Sued. - Party. 2 2 2 84 o/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 6th October, 1573. Here was a controv'sy betweene the wardens of the yeomanrye that were the last yere and the Audyto" of yeomanryes accomptes for that the Audytoures would not allowe that w ch was required by the said late wardens for bread and dryncke at theyre elleccon Daye, the some was xxvij* and order was taken that they should be allowed xvj s and they to beare the reste on theire owne chargeis and so to be ffrendf and Lovers w"' quietnes. 6th June, 1577. Here also the wardens of the yeomanry were comaunded for good and urgent Cawse to bring in there graunt from the maisters of there yomanry against the next Co r te Daie for that they did take more Quarteridge then by the Lawe they might do and also contrary to there saide graunte and in breche of the same they went after a sort in searche to see what serVnts some ffremen of the Companie had w th they ought not to do, and so yt was for that tyme let passe w" 1 warning to do so no more and also for that they did not yerelie shewe there accompt w cl ' now they did and hence- forth will according to there dutie. 9th October, 1579. At this Co'te also the Wardens of the Yeomanry brought in their accompte before the saide masters and yt was agreed upon good consideracons for that manye of the said yeomanrye did ympoverishe them selves by makinge of qrter Dyners and suche unnecessary metinges that from henceforthe their shalbe no more quarter Dyners be kept in o r Hall by the saide yeomanrye or any of them but shall do as heretofore hathe ben accustomed to be don. 1587. The Yeomanry seem to have again incurred the dis- pleasure of the Masters, who thereupon summoned them to appear and shew cause why their grant should not be annulled, whereupon they came on the 27th July and — gave their ffree and full consentf that yf they have broken any p'te of their graunte to them heretofore made they will surrender upp their yeomanry. 10th August, 1587. The privilege of collecting quarterage was taken away from the Yeomanry. Also whereas there hathe ben a Rule graunted to the yeomanrie that they maie send p''sons to ward for disobedyence and to take ffynes yt ys fullie agreed the same Rule shalbe void But yf anie varyance happen to be, the same shall be declared to the cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 285 masters or governo" for Reformacon And further that the said yeomanrie shall take none into their Assystance \v"'oute the consent of o r saide masters or governo" and their successor - 7th September, 1587. M r Henry Rankin M r of o r Companie made a motyon whether he sholde swere the yeomanry or not and yf they should be sworne what othe he should geve them. And yt was agreed by the saide Corte That the Masters or Governo" may take the p°sentment of them but not swere them. And further yf the yeomanry do request to be sworne they must be answered w* the wordf of their pattent w c " ys onlie to p°sent them. And further touching the colleccon of their quartridge yt must stand as yt dothe untill further consultacon be had therein and yf they have any request to make or ought to saie they must bring the same in writinge into this Corte. 29th May, 1600. This daie the wardens of the yomanrye made requeste to the Maisters that they woulde be pleased to redeliver unto them their booke of orders which remayneth in their Custodie, whereuppon it is not thoughte fitt by the Courte that the yeomanrie have the Custodie of the said booke, but that the Clarke of this Companye keepe the same And that he shewe the same booke to the yeomanrye when they have occasion to use it. About two years previously the Court had endeavoured to put down the Yeomanry and had curtailed many of their privileges ; the exact nature of the disagreement is not stated, but it doubtless arose from the Yeomanry " takeinge to much uppon themsyllfs." 17th January, 1604. At this Courte it is ordered That the Ould Wardens of the Yomanrye doe bringe in such money as is behind by theire Audite beinge eight pounds twelve shillings and eight pence Orells to be committed to the Compter. 28th February, 1605. It was ordered that a Yeomanry of this Company should be established, though there is no entry of its extinguishment. Rules and ordinances were to be made by the Court, and twenty-four persons were to be nominated by the " present wardens of the said Yeomanry" to serve as a Court of Assistants for the Yeomanry, with a power of veto reserved to the Masters. 286 a/J n /nils of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 6th April, 1605. A Committee sat to consider the patent to be granted to the Yeomanry. 2nd May, 1605. This daye the M r and M r Warden Mapes and M r Thorney deliv°ed to the Wardens of the yomanry viz. Robert Jenninges and Richard Alderson and also to Robert Wood and Edward Goodale the yomanryes boxe and money their Corrector their twoe standinge Cuppes & Covers and their cases and all such oth r thinges as they had of the yomanryes, but onely their patent \v ch is to be renued & twoe of their keyes were deliv'ed to the sayd Robert Wood and Edward Goodale by them to be kept. 24th May, 1605. This daye the ordynancf of the yomanry were ratiefied & confirmed by this Court. Also the quarterages of the yomanry was this daye demised unto the wardens of the yomanry from the xvj' h of September next ensuinge for the terme of at the yerely rent of 8" to be paid by quarterly payments w cl ' demyse was passed by wrytinge indented as by the same more at lardge may appeare. At the end of the Minute Book, 1 598-1607, is a copy of a part of this indenture. 26th November, 1607. It was ordered : — That the wardens of the yomanry shall take for the use of their funerall clothe at e''vy funerall wherein it is used ij h vj' 1 And the bedell for his attendaunce xij' 1 provided notw"'standinge that if such deceased p°son shall owe unto the yomanry arrerages of quarterage that the wardens of the sayd yomanry shall not lend their said funerall cloth before such arrerages be first paid. 10th August, 1609. It was ordered that the Yeomandry shall hold their great generall dinner albeit they made request to the Contrary. The next extracts record the last events in the chequered existence of the Yeomanry. 17th November, 1635. According to a former order of Court the Wardeins of the yeomanrye did this daye deliver up unto the Maisters their Accompt and the xvij 1 ' V s viij d in money upon the foote of that Accompt Also they delivered up to this Court their c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2S7 plate bookf and goodf with the Inventarye and that being delivered & donn Richard Lamb and Thomas Duppa twoe of the yeomanrye Wardeins thiewe downe their keyes on the table in a scornefull manner and badd y e M rs take all. 3rd December, 1635. This daye upon mature deliberation had as alsoe upon just groundf and causes showed to this Court of the greate burthen of this Companie in the continuall charge of the keepeing of a yeomanrye And it being propounded to this Court whether the Wardeins and Assistants of the yeomanrye should continew the holding of the yeomanrye yea or noe It was by most voyces fully concluded and ordered that they shall continew noe longer their governem 1 And they the Wardeins & Assistant^ of the yeomanrye & their governem 1 are by this Court dissolved. THE CLERK. HE office of Clerk of the Company is doubtless as ancient as the Company itself, although there is no mention of one prior to the year 1530 1 ; but as there were always registers to be kept, fees to receive, apprentices to bind, and the multifarious business of a Livery Guild to conduct and record, we conclude that the office has existed from the earliest period. The Clerk in Queen Mary's time seems to have combined the occupation of gardener with that of his office, and for this he had but a small fee in addition to his stipend. Later on the Clerks appear to have devised fees for every conceivable kind of business which could possibly be transacted at Barber-Surgeons' Hall, and in the 17th and 1 8th centuries the income derived from this source alone must have been very considerable. The Company has been served by good, bad and indifferent Clerks ; we prefer to dwell only on the former and record the names In the ordinances of Sir Thos. More. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 289 among others, of Francis Rovvdon, Charles Bernard and John Paterson as being worthy to be held in goodly remembrance. The books of the Company abound in testimony to their ability as well as to the fidelity and zeal which they displayed in the execution of their office. 1st October, 1555. The first Clerk of whom there is any record is Thomas Apulton (or Apleton), who, being Beadle, was promoted to that office. As will be seen elsewhere, the Company had a fair garden in Monkwell Street, and the following interesting minute connects it with the Clerk : — 8th October, 1555. The Clercke of our Companye shall have for waxe pennes and ynke and for trymynge of the gardeyn yerelye vj s viij d - Yf the gardeyn be not well trymined and made clene weded and swept at all tymes when the M r and Governors of the clothing or any of Thassistaunce of the same shall see yt and thereupon fynde faulte then the saide Clercke shall paye a ffyne to the hall because the said gardein ys not made cleane swept and wedyd as the M r and Governors of the Clothinge and thassistaunce of the same shall think meete and convenyent. 5th March, 1556. It was ordered that if — The Clercke of the Company doo evile mysuse any of the Clothinge or of the yomanry w" 1 unsemely words & dewe proofe therof had and proved he shalbe dismyssed clere from the having of the Office of clercke. 27th August, 1557. John Johnson was elected and sworn Clerk " for so longe time as he shal behave hymsyllfe well and honestlye in the saide office." The salary was fixed at £\ per annum, with 6s. %>d. extra for paper, ink and keeping the garden, and " for wasshinge of the lynen of the howse iij s iiij d " It would appear that one Wilson had some time previously been Clerk, for arrangements were made by which Wilson's widow was not 2 p H)o aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. to be put out of her house, and it was also settled that if Johnson died before his wife, his widow should in like manner have the house after his decease. The rent of this house, which was attached to the Hall was \os. per annum, and paid by the Clerk to the Renter Warden. Johnson probably continued Clerk till about 1570, as the books are kept in the same handwriting until then. Thomas Garter succeeded Johnson, but on 14th January, 1572, he was dismissed from his office for a "certain lewde facte by him committed," and William Field was elected and sworn in in his place. Field wrote an exceedingly neat and precise hand. 20th March, 1572. It was ordered that in future the Clerk of the Company should always be chosen from among the freemen. 15th March, 1575. William Eden elected Clerk vice Field. 14th November, 1577. Eden was ordered to receive £6 per annum " benevolence" over and above his salary of £.\, in consideration of the " smalenes of his lyvinge." 10th December, 1596. Eden was indebted to the Company £10, "yet in regard of the hardnes of the tyme and his greate charge he shalbe forborne this yere." At the same Court, gifts were made to the Beadle and Porter on account of the hardness of the times. 1 6th June, 1597. Eden's troubles had not forsaken him for we read under this date — There was geven unto Willin Eden Clark of the Companie in regard of his greate charge and the scarsy.tie of the tyme the some of v" and for the x" w ch he oweth he ys to pay the same as god shall inable him. 2nd November, 1597. Francis Rowdon elected Clerk vice Eden. Rowdon appears to have been a most methodical man and c/i minis of the Rnrber-Surgeons. 2^1 kept the books with scrupulous neatness and care ; his writing is a very fine specimen of the Court hand of the period, and the best in the Company's books for many years. J 599- The Clerk's Salary was raised to £6 per annum. 1600. To £8 per annum, and in 1603 To .£10 per annum. 26th November, 1607. This daye ffrancf Rowdon Clark to this Company p'sented his peticon to this Court by w d ' hee prayed ratificaeon of certen fees belonginge to his place and office in this Company as hereof doe insue. Ffirst hee prayed to have xl s - for the drawinge registringe of the M* accompt so that it be regestered \v"'in twoe moneths aft' the awdit. Also hee prayed to have x 5 ' for ev'y alienaeon of every lease of any of the Companyes landes or tenemtf for wrytinge thereof. Also to have for the drawinge & ingroseinge of every lease xx"' Also to have xij d - for ev'y othe ministered by any of the M rs to any of the yomanry of this Company. Also to have xij' 1, for ev°y one that is made free by service and sixe shilling^ & sixe pence of every man that is made free by redempcon or translacon. Also vj s viij 4 for enteringe of every Anathomy accompt. Also to have iiij 4 for every Acquittance that hee shall make for the wardens of the yomanry for the forme of theyre quarterage And xij''- of them for the Coppie of every order w ch concerneth the governem' of the yomanry. Also that hee may have of ev°y freeman for his letter of admittance or tolleracon under the seale of the house vj s - viiij''- And of ev'y forren for the lyke x s - And of ev°y alien xiij s - iiij d ' Also for pennes Inck & pap° and for the wardens bookes p° an. x s - Also for every bill of complaynt iiij 1 '' Also for enteringe of ev°ry order betwixt p''tie & p°tie for the endinge of any Controversie xij' 1 Also for makeinge cleane the hall against ev°y feaste iiij 5 ' And such a dishc of meate as the M' s of ev'y such feast shall think fit. 2 P 2 2g2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Also for ev n y searche for the name of ev 9 y freman or app'ntice iiij'' Also for ev°y p'son that is taken into the liv^y iij s iiij' 1 Also for ev r 'y p'son that is taken into the Assistant^ iiij s - iiij' 1 - All w ch ordinancf and allowances were ratiefied & confirmed by this Court. 6th July, 1609. Uppon the humble suite & peticon of ffrancf Rowdon Clarke to this Company It is this daye ordered by this Courte that w" , in one moneth next ensuinge hee shall nolat to the p°nt M rs a sufficient Clarke to whom hee is desyreous to surrender his place and office of Clark to this Company And his suite shalbe graunted unto him if such p son so to be p'Yited unto this Court shalbe lyked and allowed. 26th July, 1609. Rowdon presented Richard Ratsdale, Scrivener, for the office of Clerk, about whose sufficiency and ability enquiries were ordered to be made, but they were not satisfactory, for, on the 10th August, William Syddon was elected Clerk vice Rowdon. The same day it was ordered that Rowdon was to continue in the Livery and to have the use of the Hall and his house until Michaelmas, also that Syddon was to be translated from the Cutlers' Company. Syddon's records of the Company's business were very meagre and a great contrast to those of the former Clerk. 7th October, 1625. Syddon surrendered his clerkship to Richard Turner (a son of Cressens Turner, Clerk in the Lord Mayor's Court), who was admitted and sworn. Turner died in 1643, an< ^ by his will left some property to the Company to be annually distributed in charity amongst freemen of the Barber-Surgeons, and this became the source of a protracted litigation between his widow and the Company. On the 17th November, 1643, sn e filed a bill against the Company, which they defended, and succeeded in retaining the greater portion of the bequest. The accounts appear to have been very intricate and involved, remaining unsettled for many years. The z/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 293 Court, however, distributed the whole of the bequest in accordance with the will, as long as the estate (which was leasehold) held out. 16th June, 1628. It is ordered by this Court and our M r gave order to the Clarke that he should henceforward have a stoole and sitt at the end of the table \v"' his bookes and register as the clarkes of other Companies doe. 2nd October, 1643. Robert Rawlins elected Clerk vice Turner. 30th June, 1648. The Court granted Rawlins ,£30 in considera- tion of his great pains about the Company's business, and ordered that his salary should be raised from ^10 to ,£30 per annum. 23rd February, 1658. Richard Reynell elected Clerk vice Rawlins (resigned). 2 1 st July, 1685. Joseph Masters elected Clerk. 17th September, 1685. Charles Hargrave elected "Deputy Clerk." The business of the Company had of late years increased enormously in consequence of the examinations of and Certificates to Navy Surgeons, examinations held for superannuation of wounded or infirm soldiers and sailors, and other matters connected with the Navy office, all of which entailed vast labour on the Clerk. 28th November, 1688. Charles Hargrave elected Clerk vice Masters. 20th November, 1707. Charles Bernard elected Clerk vice Hargrave. Hargrave had kept the books in a slovenly manner, and appears to have been both a dishonest servant as well as an improvident man. 2i)4 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. iith December, 1707. It was reported to the Court that Hargrave's Estate was indebted to the Company ^320 8s. 6d., moneys which he had received and not accounted for. 8th July, 1708. Mrs. Sarah Hargrave (his Widow) presented a petition for relief, stating that she was in poor circumstances, with six children unprovided for, whereupon the Court, notwithstanding her late husband's delinquencies, very generously ordered her a gratuity of ;£i2 10s. od. Charles Bernard was a relative of, and Executor to Charles Bernard, Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Anne and Master in 1703. It is delightful to observe the methodical and careful manner in which Bernard began, and all through his life kept the books and accounts ; he wrote a large and elegant hand, though somewhat encumbered with flourishes, and his signature is a characteristic one. 7th September, 1708. Hargrave's son was in the Compter, and the Clerk was directed to see and talk with him about the Company's papers in his custody, and if he would give them up the Clerk was to make him a present of three guineas. The Court frequently relieved Mrs. Hargrave, and in December, 1709, gave her ^15. o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 295 Among the official list of Clerk's fees at this period were the following : — For the use of the Hall for ffuneralls, Country ffeasts or weddings i o o ffor the ffunerall of every Liveryman, the best hood or - 070 17th July, 1 7 18. The Court as a particular reward to Charles Bernard their Clerk for abstracting and peruseing the Companys title to the Estate in East Smithfield and for his care in passing the fine thereof whereby the Company saved a sume of money and for his extraordinary trouble in attending the Lords of the Admiralty and prosecuteing several persons for takeing the dead bodys from the place of Execucon Did and do hereby give him the sume of fourscore pounds who accepted the same as a most bountifull Instance of the kindness of this Court to him with a full resolueon on his part to acquitt himself by all imaginable and constant returns of duty and gratitude. Mr. Charles Bernard, who had been a most zealous Clerk and high in the esteem of the Court, died somewhere between the 5th and 20th February, 1740. 25th March, 1740. Joseph Wheeler, son of John Wheeler, Barber-Surgeon, elected Clerk, vice Bernard. Wheeler wrote a fine bold and flowing hand ; and the books were well kept, but he was evidently not so able a man as Mr. Bernard. 4th July, 1740. Joseph Wheeler provided two sureties who entered into a bond for ,£3,000, to ensure his fidelity in the execution of his office. 17th January, 1743. The Commissioners of the Navy having complained that sufficient regard had not been paid to former letters of theirs respecting Surgeons' Mates, and it appearing that the Clerk had withheld the said letters from the Court, it was ordered that he should be suspended forthwith, with which the Commissioners were acquainted and also that the Court had resolved not to take off such suspension but by the consent and desire of the Commissioners. 2cj6 oA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons. 31st January, 1743. The Commissioners of the Navy having signified their desire that the Clerk should be restored to his office, he was called into Court, severely reprimanded, reinstated in his position, and cautioned as to his future conduct. Mr. Wheeler continued Clerk until the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1 745, when neither body retained his services, and it appearing that moneys were due from him to the Company, application was made to his sureties. 25th June, 1745. John Paterson was chosen Clerk to the Barbers' Company at the first Court held after the separation, and entered into a Bond with two sureties in a sum of ,£2,000. 19th February, 1746. Mr. Paterson having brought in an account of his Costs in the matter of the separation of the Surgeons amounting to ,£167 13s. 2d., and also an account of voluntary con- tributions by members of the Company towards defraying the same amounting to £ 168 icw. 6c/., he begged the Court to accept of his past services as a return for the honour done him in his election, and the Court were pleased to accept of the compliment, but having a high sense of the services rendered by Mr. Paterson, they directed the sum of £§o to be laid out in plate and presented to him " to remain in his family as a memorial of his merit and of their gratitude." 5th March, 1765. Mr. Paterson requested permission to resign his office, which the Court accepted with great reluctance, and passed a complimentary resolution in his favour. Richard Beale, who had been Mr. Paterson's clerk and was highly recommended by him, was elected Clerk. 8th August, 1765. Mr. Paterson was unanimously elected an Assistant. o/Iunals of the Barber-Surgeons. igj Mr. Beale bequeathed .£500 to the Company in reversion on the death of Mrs. Ann Woodhouse. 22nd April, 1766. James Marye elected Clerk vice Beale (deceased). 22nd April, 1766. John Paterson Esquire being withdrawn a Motion was made and the question being put That a piece of plate of the value of Fifty Pounds or there- abouts be presented to the said M r Paterson as a mark of the high esteem and value this Court entertains of his merit and abilities and to shew their gratitude to him for his long and faithful services during the course of twenty years and in return for his readiness on every occasion to assist this Court with his advice and council, the same was carried in the Affirmative, Nemine Contradicente. By the Accounts for this year it appears that a Silver Tureen, Dish and Ladle were purchased for ^"65 165. od., and this was no doubt the gift to Mr. Paterson. 20th August, 1767. The Court being informed that Mr. Paterson intended to stand for the City at the next General Election, it was ordered that he should have the use of the Company's Hall for his meetings. An excellent mezzotint portrait of Mr. Paterson, with some eulogistic lines below, is preserved at Barbers' Hall. In 1754 Mr. Paterson presented to the Company the valuable portrait of the Duchess of Richmond, painted by Sir Peter Lely, and which still adorns the Court Room. Mr. Paterson was a member of the Common Council, and sometime Chairman of the Bridge House Estates Committee, he was also M.P. for Ludgershall, Wilts. He was ever faithful to this Company, serving it with distinguished ability, and seems to have been greatly respected and esteemed. 2 q 2Q8 zAnnals of the- Barber-Surgeons. ist June, 1790. William Wood elected Clerk vice Marye. Mr. Wood presented the Company with a handsome Silver Tea Urn. 13th August, 1795. Edward Grose Smith (Mr. Wood's partner) elected Clerk vice Wood, resigned. 5th March, 1822. Henley Smith (son of E. G. Smith) elected Clerk vice Smith, resigned. 5th February, 1861. Mr. Henley Smith resigned and was elected an Assistant (Master in 1864). 7th May, 1 86 1. Henley Grose Smith (son of Henley Smith) elected Clerk vice Smith, resigned. Mr. Henley Grose Smith was elected an Assistant 1877. THE BEADLE. HERE is no certainty as to the first institution of this office, though it is probably not so old as that of the Clerk, who in ancient times, summoned the Livery, collected the quarterage and performed various duties which we afterwards find assigned to the Beadle, and we may conclude that in those days he was little more than a Caretaker or "Porter"; indeed, this is the more likely as the latter designation is frequently applied to the Under Beadle in the Records. As the business and numbers of the Company increased, several minor functions of the Clerk were delegated to the Porter or Beadle, who had distinctive duties assigned to him varying with the age in which he lived ; among these may be enumerated, sweeping the garden, collecting quarterage, cleaning the Hall, whipping naughty apprentices, summoning freemen, etc., bringing home dead bodies from Tyburn, keeping lists of journeymen, pressing Surgeons and Barbers for sea service, assisting the Masters on search days, hunting up and laying informations against non freemen practising 2 Q 2 J [ cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Barbery and Surgery, marshalling and heading processions, both at the Hall and in the City pageants, guarding the Parlour door, and other offices too numerous to particularise, though there were but few of them which did not yield a fee, and indeed our Beadle could hardly have lived without fees, for his official salary in Edward VI's time was but £\ per annum, which, notwithstanding the greater value of money then, could scarcely be considered a fat living. With one exception, the office has been (and properly so) held by freemen, and in the appointment of the Court. In 1626, however, the Lord Keeper sent a letter "recommending" (i.e., commanding) the Company to elect one Gorton, a servant of his, to the place, and Gorton was accordingly chosen. The interference of the King and his great officers in the patronage and appointments vested in the City guilds was carried to great lengths with some of the Companies, and there are amusing accounts extant of the astuteness with which this meddling was sometimes met (vide Herbert's Livery Companies). Our Company, with the solitary exception above referred to, appears to have been happily free from this species of intervention. Early in the 17th century there were two Beadles of the Clothing, the Under Beadle being often styled the Porter, but about the middle of the iSth century, and since then, one Beadle has sufficed. The Beadle has always had his " house " at the Hall, and used formerly to pay a small quit rent for it. On the dismission of a Beadle for misconduct, a difficulty was some- times experienced in regaining possession of this house, and oA 'finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 301 various shifts were resorted to ; even the Beadles' Widows now and then refused to turn out, and the "benevolences" meted out to them were possibly sometimes in the nature of bribes to induce them to go. Besides the Beadles of the Clothing, there was a Beadle of the Yeomanry, whose duties were analogous to those of his more exalted brethren, and into whose office he frequently stepped when there was a vacancy. The Beadles for many years had a most disagreeable duty to perform, namely, the procuring and bringing home from Tyburn the dead bodies of malefactors. By the Act 32 Hen. VIII, the Company were empowered to have yearly the bodies of four executed felons for "anatomies," and the practice was for the Beadles to attend at the gallows and select such bodies as they pleased. Their opponents were generally the hangman, who himself trafficked in these uncanny goods, the relatives of the criminal, and the populace who were incited by the relatives to resist the Beadles. Many were the unseemly fights which took place over these bodies, and oftentimes when the Beadles had secured a "subject" and were driving off with it in a coach, they were attacked and beaten, and the body rescued from them. The hangman appears to have been entitled to the dead man's clothes, for on more than one occasion the Company gave him compensation for them, they having been torn to pieces in the brutal struggle for possession. Moreover the Company had often to satisfy the Coachmen for personal injuries and for damages to their coaches, as well as to give special gratuities to their Beadles by way of solatium for the beatings which they underwent. Frequent prosecutions and convictions followed the interference with the Company's Officers at these times, and even the Sheriff's Officers were on one occasion dismissed by the City for having sided against the Beadles. )Q2 eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The hangman came to the Hall regularly for his Christmas Box and gave a receipt for the same, sometimes affixing the title "Executioner" after his signature. Many curious particulars relating to the above will be found else- where. ( Vide Wardens' Accounts, Surgery, etc.) The Beadle is elected annually by the Court, and resides at the Hall. The two Silver maces per- taining to his office are as handsome and massive as any in the City and are always carried before the Master on Court days. 14th May, 1530. The earliest reference to the Beadle in our Records is to be found in the Ordinances signed by Sir Thomas More, where it is directed that the Members shall take their seniority "according to the trew entrance therof in the BedyllC Rolle." 6th November, 1550. Richard Wilson was Beadle at this time. 6th July, 1552. Thomas Appulton, Beadle, vice Wilson deceased. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 303 19th September, 1552. It was agreed that Appulton "shall have his messe of meate on the feaste dayes." 4th May, 1574. Here was the Wardens of the yeomanry and brought Anthony Hall in to the Courte to be admytted Beadle of the yeomanrye and he was swome and admytted and fathe(r) Roger(s) put to his pencon and to geve attendaunce but as he is able. 22nd July, 1577. Richard Rogers, the old Beadle of the Yeomanry, was ordered a gift of 20s. and a yearly pension of 20s. 23rd July, 1582. Robert Norton, Yeomanry Beadle, was authorised to take 2d. of every freeman on his admission, and his yearly salary of Sjt. was raised to 265. 8d. 14th August, 1587. Robert Norton was Livery Beadle. 10th December, 1596. James Hewes (Hughes) was Livery Beadle. 1 6th June, 1597. John Smith, Livery Beadle. 15th August, 1603. Edward Evans, Livery Beadle. 15th August, 1603. Kellam Clifton appointed Porter or Under Beadle. 2 1st July, 1608. Edward Blayny, Beadle, was dismissed for behaving himself "very dishonestly." 14th August, 161 7. Kellam Clifton elected Beadle and Edward Bresson, Porter. 2nd December, 161 7. Clifton was suspended for misbehaviour, but subsequently reinstated. 9th July, 1618. William Chapman elected Porter. 304 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 19th February, 1621. Clifton, again misbehaving himself, was dismissed. 14th June, 1621. Humphry Mum ford elected Beadle. 3rd July, 162 1. Chapman, the Porter, dismissed for using "lewd speeches," but on his humble submission and craving pardon on his knees, he was reinstated, 10th July, 162 1. 20th August, 1 62 1. The Company could not get Clifton out of his house, so they gave him 20^. and a pension of 405. per annum during good behaviour and the pleasure of the Court. Possibly the "pleasure of the Court" did not extend beyond one year. 15th February, 1626. Edward Gorton (recommended by the Lord Keeper) elected Beadle in place of Mumford. 10th July, 1628. This daye this Court takeing notice of an order made the 3 of Julye, 162 1, by w ch order Chapman our Porter for his dissolute and deboist carriage was ipo facto then by that order dismissed of his said place and likewise of an order made in the beginning of oure M rs tyme for the dismissing of the said Chapman for his misbehavior and upon the generall complaint made unto this Court against the said Chapman for the most parte being drunck misbehaveing himselfe towardf the M rs and carrieing himselfe soe basely & quarrelsome to the brethren of this Companie and neglecting his duety to this house. It is thereupon ordered that he shall stand dismissed from his said place unlesse at the next Court of Assistant^ it doe appeare that he hath left his former carriage of being often drunck & deboistnes. 3rd February, 1634. Gorton requested to be discharged of his office of Beadle in respect of his age and feebleness, and Nathaniel Foster was elected in his place. 25th January, 1637. Chapman, "Under Beadle," resigned, and was assigned a pension of £4. per annum during pleasure. c/lniials of the Barber-Surgeons. 305 25th January, 1637. Edmond Johnson "who writeth very- well" was elected Under Beadle. 6th March, 1639. Foster, for his " sawcey carriage unto this Companie " and general neglect of duty, was dismissed. 1659. Francis Johnson was Beadle with a salary of ,£10, and Peter Smith, Porter, with a salary of £%. 1662. Peter Smith was Beadle, and Thomas Veere, Porter. 23rd June, 1692. Ordered that William Cave be admitted to assist Peter Smith and Jonas Wills the Beadles. 19th July, 1694. Peter Smith was dead; he had been a very zealous servant of the Company. On the first floor landing at the Hall is a pretty piece of heraldic glass in the window with his name and the date 167 1. Jonas Wills elected Beadle. 1 6th August, 1694. William Cave elected Beadle vice Wills deceased. 8th July, 1708. William Cave and Thomas Repton were Beadles. 6th July, 1 7 10. Repton's widow had £3 given her to bury her late husband. 20th February, 171 1. Mr. Gratian Bale (son of Nathan Bale, Citizen and Grocer) who was apprenticed 22nd June, 1669 to Robert Andrewes (Surgeon), and afterwards became an Examiner in Surgery, and Master in 1 709, petitioned the Court to be relieved of the office of an Assistant on the ground that he had fallen into decayed circumstances and could not possibly support that dignity, and on 2 R )ob oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. his resignation being accepted, the Court proceeded to the election of a Beadle in the room of Thomas Repton deceased, whereupon Mr. Bale was elected — And in regard that the s d M r Bale had been Ma r of This Company This Court doth hereby give him leave (asking the consent of the Governo rs for the time being) to depute some other person to walke before the Company in his stead with the Beadles staffe & gowne upon the Lord Mayors & Eleccon days. 1 8th May, 17 14. Mr. Bale having become too infirm to execute his office, the Court, in consideration of his past services, appointed William Hardy, Barber, his assistant, at a salary of ,£10 per annum. 31st July, 1 7 1 6. William Cave died of a "high fever." 1 6th August, 1 716. William Watkins and William Hardy elected Beadles, on condition of paying Mr. Bale ^10 per annum, which the Court supplemented with another ^10. 10th July, 1 71 7. Richard Collins elected Beadle vice Hardy, deceased. 18th August, 1720. It was ordered that in future no man could be qualified to be put in nomination for the office of Beadle if above 40 years of age — in order that the business may from thenceforward be discharged and dispatched with prop'' vigour and dexterity and to the honour and profitt of the Company. 13th April, 1721. Watkins being so indisposed as not to be able to perform his duties, Charles Window (who looked after the dead bodies at Tyburn) was ordered to officiate for him. Watkins shortly after lost his speech and got into Ludgate prison, where he had a weekly allowance from the Company — he seems to have remained in prison till his death, 3rd August, 1724. oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 307 7th October, 1722. Henry Gretton elected Beadle vice Watkins. 6th November, 1724. Matthew Morris elected Beadle vice Collins, resigned. 30th October, 1732. William Littlebury elected Beadle vice Morris, deceased. 5th June, 1764. John Wells elected Beadle vice Littlebury, resigned on pension. 3rd April, 1787. William Smith elected Beadle vice Wells, deceased. 4th March, 1788. Joseph Wells (son of John W'ells) elected Beadle vice Smith, deceased. 6th February, 1798. Jacob Bonwick elected Beadle vice Wells, deceased. 1 st March, 18 14. William Barnes elected Beadle vice Bonwick. 1 ith August, 1 83 1. Samuel Borrett elected Beadle vice Barnes (who retired on a pension of ,£50 per annum). 1 ith August, 1864. John Heaps (Master in 1855) elected Beadle vice Borrett (who retired on a pension of £50 per annum). 1st July, 1879. Edward Lawless elected Beadle vice Heaps (who retired on a pension of ,£52 per annum). 2 k 2 SURGERY. 1 551. 24Teirtorcm&iun the xxviij"' daye of Aprill in the v"' yere of the reigne of King Edwarde the sixte yt was condescended and agreed by M r Bancke and Edward Hewit before M r Geen with his Wardeins That John Chambr shall performe his bargayne w"' Willfh Drew for the healing of his mayde for the mony receyved of him aforehand which is xiij s iiij' 1 ' And further yt is agreed that james Wood shall repay to the said Drewe the mony receyved of him which is xiij s iiij d * Also the sayd John Chambr shall agre w"' the sayd James Wood for his labor and content him for his payne according to conscience. 19th September, 1552. Alsoo it ys ordered and agreed that the servnts of Straungers that occupye Surgery shall paye x' 1 the quarter w ch is iij s iiij d by yere. 5th March, 1555. Among the Articles ordained on this day are the following : — That there shalbe chosein viij examyners wherof iiij to be alwayes present to examyn all such as experte in Surgery, the M' and governors being present Wherupon the sayed examyners may sett their hands w" 1 the consent of the M r and gov°nors hearing the mater. And that the sayed examyners shall not examyn nor geve Lres of lycence but that the M r and govViors shalbe prevy therof. And that there maye be a booke made wherine every mans name that have Lycence to occupye Surgery being approved, to be enrolled and what ys the grace that ys to him or them appointed. And if they take upon them to doo otherwise than there grace ys geven them, the blame to redowne to him or them that so doo and not to the examyners nor to the m* and gov'nors, and that there maye be alwayes at every courte day twoo at the leaste of the sayed examyners during a moneth : and so afterward monethelye two of them to be there whose chaunce the monethe shall fall too yf there besynes be not the greater because the vAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. joy m' and gov'nors shoulde not be to seke if anye bodye shoulde be examyned there. And for defaulte of noen being there having no reasonnable excuse, to lose to the hall ij s if he doo not send worde or cofne himself being in the Cytie of London, or desyen a nother examyner to be there for him when his course ys at every Courte daye because we shoulde not be w'out them who can answer the matter towching Surgery. That they whiche be appointed for the Anathomye for the yere next following and must sarve the Docter and be about the bodye he shall se and provyde that there be every yere, a matte about the harthe in the hall that M r Docter made not to take colde upon his feate, nor other gentelmen that do come and marke the Anathomye to learne knowledge And further that there be ij fyne white rodds appointed for the Docter to touche the body where it shall please him and a waxe candell to loke into the bodye and that there be alwayes for the Docter two aprons to be from the sholder downewarde and two peyr of Sleaves for his hole arme w' tapes for chaunge for the sayed doctor and not to occupye one Aporne and one payer of Sieves every daye w ch ys unseamly. And the M rs of the Anathomye y' be about the bodye to have lyke aprons and sieves every daye bothe white and cleane. Yf y' the M r of the Anathomye y' be about the Docter doo not see theise things ordered and that their knyves probes and other instruments be fayer and cleane accordinglye w th Aprons and sieves, if they doo lacke any of the said things afore rehersed he shall forfayte for a fyne to the hall xl s - 22nd July, 1556. It was ordained among other articles— An Article that ev'ye Barbor That from the feaste of Saint Michaell tharchaungell next comynge no occun'ine barbor Surgeon that dothe occupye the mystery of Surgery in the Clothinge Surgery shah or ou t f the Clothing shall take or have any prentys but that he can take no man' ^ of prentice but skyll of the Laten tonge and understand the same and can wryte and suche as hathe rea( j e su ffycientlye and yf they or any of them doo take any that can some know- j j j j j j ledge in the not doo the same they that offende shall paye to the hall for a ffyne xl s ' Latten tonge. An Article that all premizes Tnat pre ntisses that shalbe made ffree after michelmas next comynge that here after r shalbe made that doo occupy the mystery of Surgery and all other men that doo entend n Io l ° desyer to occupy the same and to be a brother w"' us, to be examyned occupye an d to passe according to the order of this house as a prefermet of a Surgery shalbe , examyned and grace to him geven as the order hereafter followeth as he shalbe ffirFteprefcr- demaunded and apposoe. met of grace. }io ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. An Article That after michelmas next comyng all p'ntyces when they are made ffree howe the sayedprentizes must (be) demaunded by the M' and gov'nors and the iiij examyners what shalbe ne ni t e ndeth to doo after he is made free, whether he will occupye the examyned. mystery of Surgery or no w'in the Cytie of London. Yf he saye ye Then to be examyned what he can doo towards yt, howe he knoweth what ys Surgery and also what an Anatomye ys and howe manye perts it ys, of what the iiij ' Elements and the xij signes be w ch ys the fyrste pert of examynacon for a prentyce & for other that wilbe brother with us as the examyners shall see cause, for having of their preferment of their first grace to them to be geven. An Article That when he hathe aunswered to the firste article preyving that he hathe that upon his examy on of some Learninge or practyse Then to have his firste preferment of grace to sSd^Drentis occupye Surgery by the space of so many yeres or tyme as the M r and shall have his gov°nors and the examyners shall thinke meete, and as his Industrye shall preferme't of , , , , , , . ..... ,, , . grace and if seme to receyve the grace of god and by his dilhgent travell to studye in he or they can tne same anc [ f or an homage thereof if he be learned or can wryte to bringe reade to bring ° ' in qr'terly an in an Epistell ev°y half yere and to reade it himselfe openly at the day of Lecture before the hole house that they may see his furtheraunce how he hathe profyted in his dilligen't Labor and studye, and the unlearned that can not wryte nor reade to be examyned half yerelye what they can doo in the practyse because they be unlettered by the m r and gov r; nors and the Examyners how they have taken payens in their studye to practyse because they be unlettered for the Savegarde of the kg and queenes mat 5 people. An Article desvrinefcT Tha.* any man occupyinge the mystery of Surgery being made free and havejiis pre- desiereth to have his firste preferment of grace shall paye to the Clercke fermet of grace shall paye to of the Companye for the wrytinge Inrolling fynding waxe to seale it and the Clarcke f t , nav j ng of the g eale v jjjd. tory e wryting ° J therof viij 1 '- An Article That no man of the Companye after the feaste of Saint Michell Tharchaungell that no man _, occup'ing n ext comyng shall call for the Busshopes seale which ys the confyrmacon Surgery shall Q f a g ur g eon untill suche tyme as he hathe passed his fyrste preferment of Busshopes grace & the Seconde admyssion to lie admitted to be a Surgeon and a be admitted a Maister of Anathomye, and to paye for the having of the Seconde i M ' i? f m^T admyssyon a spone of an ounce of Silver and his name to be wrytten upon gov'nors & the it to the hall, and the Clercke of the Company for the wryting and findinge mjExamyners. waxe an( j enro n m g f vt m t h e boke viij r6er of the Admissyon of Maisters of Surgery and of the Anatamye to be confyrmed for ever before they have the Seale of the Busshop w dl maketh up the hole confyrmacon of a master of Surgery & of Anathomye. The order of "giUe Thomas Knot M r Thomas Gayle John Smythe and Thorn's ffishe of a M r of Governors Thomas Vycary George Hollande George Geen and Richard Surgerye. fferes M' s and examyners of the Company of Barbours and Surgeons of London w" 1 the rest of the whole assistaunce of the same Companye To all men to whorne this wryting shall come greting. ^§Se certifye youe by this Lre that whereas o r welbeloved in Christe T. A. ys not onely a man of honest fame and good behaveor but is also expert connynge and well exercysed in the arte of Surgery as his well defycell' cures and prosperous successe w ch can not be dooen w'out maturate judgement and Learninge dothe make thereof moste certayne trueth and be assure witnes. ffurther more we are assured by the experyence we have of the man that he is not onely substancyally well exercysed in the curing of infyrmities belonging to Surgery of the pts of mans bodye comonly called the Anathomye : Wherfore we aswell in the behalf equyte reason and conscyence as also for the prefennet of Learning knowledge and experyence doo thinke yt meete convenyent and reasonnable to constitute the same T. A. bothe A Maister of Surgery and also of the Anathomye and willeth him so to be taken for ever hereafter and to have auctorytie to exercyse & occupye as well the one as the other wheresoever he shall come w'in this Realme or ellswhere of the premisses §n Witnes wherof we have caused this Lre to be sealed w" the great comon seale of our Hall the xxiij th daye of July A dni 1556. 27th August, 1557. The same daye It Wase ffurder ordered and agreed that all men of the saide Companye and fellowshypp usinge the mystere and crafte of Surgerye maye take unto hys or y r Apprentice anye person or persons althoweth 2 he or they be not lerned in the Latin Tonge, anye Acte here to fore made to the contrarye not with standinge. The same day it was ordered that the two Masters of Anatomy should have the keys and custody of the " Lyberary and of the t ' Difficult. '-' Although. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 313 Instrments" therein, and that the Wardens of the Yeomanry were to keep the Instruments clean. Attendance by the members on the Surgical side was compulsory at the Anatomy lectures, and 27th August, 1557, is an order of Court that Robert Mudsley (Master in 1572 and 1580) "hath lycence to be absent from all lecture dayes w'''oute paymete any fyne for by cawse he hath gyven over the exercysynge of the arte of Surgery and doth occupy only a sylk shoppe and shave." A little later on, William Cawsey had licence to be absent from the lectures on payment of a yearly fine of 3^. ^d., and there are scores of similar exemptions in the books. 1st March, 1558. Jasper the Cutter for the Stoane had Lycence by the M' and gov'nors that he shall worcke and set forth his sygne and he payde for hys fyne x b and yf that he do not go ov° in to his owne cuntrye before whytsontide nexte after folowyng he hath promysed that he wylbe a brother of this howse but as yet he ys not admytted a brother. 25th October, 1558. There was before the Court one Leonardo Rodergo — Surgeon & deucheiiia whome p°sumptinglye & arogantly stood and bragged w 1 " a letter to be in the name of Kyng Phillippe lycencing hym to occupye surgery w'in all y e Kyngs & quenes domynions & when yt was seene y r to was nether seale nor the kyngs hande, but a sorte of Spanyards hands & names whome he sayde afterwards yt one of them was y e kyngs secretary & thother of his Councell. Dr. J. J. Howard had in his collection the following document, which, as he says, affords good evidence of the low condition of Surgical practice in the metropolis at the accession of Elizabeth. glijatn'tB by the grace of God Queen of England Fraunce and Irelonde Defender of the faith etc. To all Mayours Sheriffs Baylliffs Constables and all other our Offycers Mynisters and Subjects thees our Lettres hearinge or seinge and to every of them greetinge. ^9c lett you wete that for certeyn consideracions us movinge we have by theise presents auctorised and lycensed our Trustie and Wellbeloved Servaunte ^Borrms prxrctrn Sergeant of our Surgions and the Wardens of the Fellowshipp 2 s 314 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of the said Surgions within our Cytie of London that now be or hereafter shalbe, that they by themselfs or their assigne bearer hereof shal and may from hensforth take and reteyne at our wages as well within the Cytie of London as elsewhere within any other Cytie Towne Boroughe or other place within this our Realme as well franchised and privileged as not franchised nor privileged suche and as many Surgions as they shall thinke mete and able from time to time to doe unto us servyce in the scyence of Surgerie at any season hereafter as well by sea as lande and further that the Sergeant and Wardeyns aforesaide shal or maye take of suche as be not able to serve suche instruments and other stuff of Surgerie as they shal thinke mete to sarve agreinge and payinge therfor to all suche of whom any suche instruments or stuff shal be taken. "gilfjexfove ]l$e woll and comaunde you and evy of you that unto our saide Sergiant and the Wardeyns aforesaid and their assigne bearer hereof in the due execucion of this our aucthoritie and lycense ye be aydinge helpinge and assistinge as oft as the case shal require without any your dcnyall lett or contradycion as ye and evy of you tender our pleasure and woll avoide the contrary at your peril §n Witness whereof We have caused theis our Lettres of Commissyon to be sealed with our Create Seale. Wytness ourself at Westmynstre the day of December the seconde yere of our Reigne. 1st October, 1566, is an entry of the translation from the Woodmongers' Company of William Slade, who was stated to be "a Surgeon & learned yt w' h Ric. Venar & John Hall at Maydstone." This John Hall was a famous Surgeon in his day and wrote " An Historiall Expostulation Against the beastlye Abusers, bothe of Chyrurgerie and Physyke," which has been reprinted with several valuable notes by the Percy Society (Vol. XI) accompanied with John Hall's portrait. 14th January, 1567. M r Doctor Julyo made request y' he myghte have the work of the anathomy these iiij or or fyve yeres so y' the coledge of the phicysions sholde not put hym from us & also y' he myghte have p n vat anathomyes at his demaunde in this howse. 16th January, 1567. It was agreed that Dr. Julius Borgarneins ("Dr. Julyo") should "make and worke ow r anathomyes and skellytons " for the space of five years. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 315 1 8th March, 1567. Thomas Wells, Merchant Taylor, com- plained against Nicholas Wyborde for " not curynge his mans hed y' he tooke in hande." The following order for the erection of raised seats for the members attending the Anatomy lectures, and for a screen to temporarily hide the body, indicates the growing interest taken by the Company in the furtherance of technical education ; and from the reference to the skeleton, for which a case was directed to be made, it is highly probable that this was the only specimen which the Company in those days possessed ! 1st February, 1568. Also yt ys ordayned and agreed by this Courte That there shalbe buyldyngf don and made aboute the hall for Seates for the Companye that cometh unto every publyque anathomy, ffor by cavvse that every p^sone comyng to se the same maye have good p 9 spect over the same and that one sholde not cover the syght thereof one frome another as here to fore the Company have much coplayned on the same. And also foder more yt is agreed that the olde standyng w dl did s°ve for the company of the clothing at coronacions or any noble pere his coiiiyng throughe the cytie oute of any fforeyns Contrey or lande, for bycawse yt is broken and spoyled and olde shall all be put to the makyng of the saide seates or for sparyng of the charge for new Tymber. And also That whan yt shall happen any greate pere of any fforren Lande upon tryumphe to come as aforsaid and the Company beynge then comanded to theyre standyng for to receyve any noble man for the hono r of the prince kynge or quene of this Realme of England and the cytie of London, That then as now and now as then also the M r and gov'no' 5 for the tyme beyng shall buylde & make a new Substanciall and Comly fayer standyng To serve in lyke and ample maner. And also ther shalbe pyllers and Rodf of Iron made to beare and drawe Courteynes upon & aboute the frame where w"'in the Anathomy doth lye and is wrought upon, for bycawse that no p°sone or p°sones shall beholde the desections or incysyngf of the body, but that all maye be made cleane and covered w th fayer clothes untyll the Docter shall com and take his place to reade and declare upon the partes desected. And also yet forder more also, That there shalbe a case of weynscot made w th paynters worke y r upon as semely as maye be don ffor the skellyton to stande in and that for the Worshyp of the Company — and all these to be made wrought and don at the charges of the mistery and Covnon boxe of the hall. 2 S 2 316 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 6th March, 1568. Here was Edward Park for y* he hath wretten upon his Surgeons signe the skoller of S' Thomas of Wallingforde and the said Edward Parke is comaunded by the aucthorytie of this worsshyphfull Courte That he the said Edward Parke shall w"' all expedicion put oute of his said Signe the said wrytinge & to sett his signe as other Surgeons do w'out any superscryption yt upon and not ells otherwyse as he wyll answere to the contrarye. 13th July, 1568. In this Courte John ffrende is comytted to warde for a pacient dyeing under his hands and not presented. 19th April, 1569. Here was the wyfe of Richard Selbye of London Ironmonger playntyf agaynst William Wyse for that he cured not her housbonds leg as he promysed he wolde have don, and yt is ordered that Wylliam Wyse shall repaye agayne of the money w ch he receyved in parte of the bargayne made be twene them and then was in the p^sents of this Courte payde unto Agnes the wyf of the above said Richard Selby vj s viij d and so William Wyse is clerely dyscharged of pacyent & all. 1570. This year it was deemed advisable to increase the number of the Examiners in Surgery from five to seven, and these were Mr. Serjeant Balthrop, Mr. Alexander Mason, Mr. Thomas Baylie, Mr. Robert Mudesley, Mr. John Field, Mr. John Yates, and Mr. William Bovie. 5th April, 1570. It was agreed that in consequence of the great charges with which the Company was always burdened in time of wars, in setting forth sufficient surgeons and their men with unguents, balms, etc., as also common soldiers, that a petition should be sent to the Queen for redress in the matter of providing soldiers. nth April, 1570. Here was one playntyf agaynst W" Heton for a bubo & W" Beton wyll heale hym yf he wylbe ruled by him. 28th April, 1570. In this Courte W" Gyllam is charged to cure Elizabeth Hyns of carmebrontyasis & once a day Gyllam shall p°seve her untyll she be hole and then she shall paye the said Gillam in the p°sents of this Courte in redy money vj s viij' 1 - dAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 31 7 nth November, 1572. Here was one Steven Robinson to complaine againste Edward Parke for arestinge hym for the curinge of hym for v yeres seence. ( Which means that Parke had sued Robinson for a surgeoris bill five years old, without leave of the Court.) 1 2th February, 1573. Here was John ffrend and was comaunded to lay downe his fyne for not p°ntinge M' Watson of the Towre w dl dyed of Gangrena in his fote and he p d xv s - This non-presentation of patients in danger of death, was a common offence, and Mr. Frend had been previously convicted of it (13th July, 156S), on which occasion he was committed to prison. 31st March, 1573. Here was Edwarde Saunders warned because he wold not paye the Anathomytf ther dutye and also that he had let one bloude at Blackwall and that he dyed, his arme fallynge to Gangrena and made no p'sentacon therof also that he w"'eld certeyne things of Whittingtons widdowe and he was willed to be here the next Courte daye. 21st April, 1573. Here was one to complaine one' John Burges for not delinge well w"' hym in his cure concernynge a sore arme and he is to be warned the next court. 28th April, 1573. Here was John Burgis and witnessed that the said pacient would not be ordered as was necessary and therefore he forsoke to deale w"' hym. 21st May, 1573. Here was John Deane and appoynted to brynge in his fyne x' 1 for havinge an Anathomye in his howse contrary to an order in that behalf between this and mydsomer next. 2 1 st July, 1573. " Here was one Robert Grottell a straunger and cutter for the Stone, admitted a brother and paid iiij' 1 " and bound to pay the remainder of his fine for admission at the rate of 10s. per quarter. 30th July, 1573. Here was one John Gardener a healer of the rupture and Stone and was exatnyned and had his Lre of Admyttaunce and paid. 1 On, i.e., of. ?i8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 15th September, 1573. Here was one Alexander Capes a carpenter and required that he might have some helpe concernyng his griefs consyderinge that he had ben in thands of John ffrend Williri Wise & Richard Storye and had geven them mony for to be cured and was not, wherefor order was taken that they should deale further w lh him for his health. nth May, 1574. Here was James Marcadye and required to have Lycens of absens one' Lecture dayes and it was graunted hym savinge that he muste pay for his lycens \x A the quarter. Surgeons were continually being called before the Court for "evil dealing" with their patients, and for not performing cures for which they had received the money beforehand. The Court generally endeavoured to effect a friendly relationship between the parties, though in cases which were considered as clearly proved against the Surgeon, he was either fined or imprisoned, or else ordered to make suitable compensation to the patient. 7th September, 1574. Here was John Griffen complayned uppon William Pownsabe for gevinge him a powder w d ' lossed all the teeth in his head, w ch John Griffen had the dissease \v ch we call Demorbo gallico. 2nd February, 1575. Wm. Pownsabe was ordered to confess his fault for his " unskilfull dealinges" with John Griffen and to pay him $s. as compensation. 13th March, 1576. Here was a complainte determyned upon w ch was made against Tho: Hodes and for that he was provde ignorant he is bounde in xl 1 ' never to medle in any matter of S°gery. 3rd April, 1576. Here was a complainte against Willfn More by one Henry Dobbyns for that he did not cure his sonne but made the same worse. 10th May, 1576. William More was ordered, on account of his ignorance, to meddle no more in Surgery. ■ On. cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. yg 2nd October, 1576. Here was likewyse a complaint by one Tho: Adams against John P^adice' for that the saide John had receyved certen monie in hand and a gowne in pawne for a remainder to cure the daughter of the saide Tho: whiche daughter died and the pore man made request for the gowne agayne and so the M r and governo' 5 abovesaide awarded that the saide Jo: P°adice sholde redeliv 1 the gowne the next tuesdaie and that the saide Tho: Adams sholde geve unto the saide Jo: P'adyce towardf his bote hier spent in going to the made at Putney v s - 8th October, 1577. Here was a complainte made by one M' s - Riche against Robt. Bewsy for that he had her husbonde to cure who died and the said Bewsye said and reported that she was an evell liver and that he died of a botch called Bubo veneria and taken of her, w ch he denied, but beinge proved she put the matter wholie to this wo°shipfull howse who did award that he sholde in the p°sence of her nighbors who were here present in the p°lor upon his knees aske her forgevenes, w dl he did and so the matter was finally ended. 7th February, 1578. Here was a complainte against Willm Knightly for Cuttinge of the yearde of his pacient but yt was p\ed by one M r Grene that the member was mortefied and so there was little to be saide against him. 24th February, 1578. Here was a Complaint against Willm Clowes- by Richard Carrington for that the saide Willm Clowes as he saide had abused him in wordes in the hall and here they did shake handes and were made frends, for that the said Clowes had been sent to ward before by the saide Richard Carrington being one of the wardens of the yeomanry. 1 8th March, 1578. At this Co°te Hewe Placket was rebuked for takeing upon him to heale a pacient who ys deade and comaundement geven that he shall medle no more in surgerie. 20th March, 1578. It was ordered : — That yf any man of this misterie shall at any tyme hereafter make any booke or bookes of Surgerie the same shall not be published utiles the same booke or bookes be first presented unto the masters governors and examenors of this Companie for the tyme beinge upon payne of x' 1 - ' Paradice. -An eminent Surgeon and Warden in 1594. )2 o e/lnmils of the Barber-Surgeons. The following order was doubtless directed against a prevalent mania for relics of notorious criminals. 17th July, 1578. That no p r 'son or p°sons of this Companie do presume at anie tyme or tymes hereafter of Anathomies to take and carrie awaie or cause to be taken or carried awaie any p°te of the skynn of anie bodie whiche shall at anie tyme hereafter happen to be wrought upon w"'in the hall of the misterie and the same tann or cause to be tanned like lether upon the payne of v 1 '- 7th December, 1581. It ys agreed that there shalbe a Bill put into the p°liament house for easinge the Companie of the charge of sendinge souldiers to the wars and also for suppressinge of lewd dealers in surgerye. 1 8th July, 1583. The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen having recommended that persons using Barbery should not practise Surgery, the Master and Governors went to Guildhall, and there promised the Court of Aldermen that they would compel all their free Barbers to enter into bonds not to " medle or deale w th any sick of the plauge or infected cum morbo gallico," and accordingly the Barbers entered into bonds to that effect. In Stow's Annales, ed. 1592, p. 1261, is the following remarkable account of a " subject " coming to life again at our hall. 1587. The 20 of Februarie, a strange thing happened a man hanged for felonie at Saint Thomas Wateringes, being begged by the Chirurgions of London, to have made of him an Anatomie, after hee was dead to all mens thinking, cut downe, stripped of his apparel], laide naked in a chest, throwne into a carre, and so brought from the place of execution through the Borough of Southwarke over the bridge, and through the Citie of London to the Chirurgions Hall nere unto Cripelgate : The chest being there opened, and the weather extreeme cold hee was found to be alive, and lived till the three and twentie of Februarie, and then died. It was doubtless the above circumstance, to which reference is made in the next minute ; it would seem that the body had been begged by some surgeons and taken to the hall to be dissected there, c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 321 it being unlawful to dissect elsewhere, and that on the resuscitation of the unhappy man, the Company had been put to some expenses where- upon they made an order to provide for any similar case in the future. This body would be what is often referred to in the Books as a "private anatomy," in opposition to the four "public" bodies of felons to which the Company were annually entitled. 13th July, 1587. T'tm yt ys agreed That yf any hodie w ch shall at anie tyme hereafter happen to be brought to o r Hall for the intent to be wrought uppon by Thanatomistes of o r Companie shall revyve or come to lyfe agayne as of late hathe ben seene The charges aboute the same bodie so revivinge shalbe borne levied and susteyned by such p°son or p r 'sons who shall so happen to bringe home the Bodie. And further shall abide suche order or ffyne as this Howse shall Awarde. 7th December, 1598. This daye commaundm' cam from the lordes of her ma ts most ho : privie councell for to presse a sufficient Surgeon for her ma" s°vice in Ireland under the conduct of Captayne YVinsor. 1 2th December, 1598. John Cumberland was pressed for the above service and delivered into his Captain's charge, and four or five other Surgeons were also pressed and handed over nolens volens. One of these, Dominick Lomeline (or Lumley, Master in 1629), is recorded on the 16th January following as having "confessed voluntarelye before the Masters that to be dischardged of his presse for Ireland it stud him in Twenty Nobles of which the Captayne had in monye three poundes." 6th February, 1599. This daie one Richard Hallydaie marriner made his complainte of Raphe Rowley for settinge forthe an insufficient man not approved to serve as a surgeon at sea in the Sheepe called the Costely of London by whose unskyl- fullnes hee was dismembred of his arme and is in greate dainger of liefe. Ralph Rowley had been pressed for a Sea Surgeon, and this complaint would be against him for the incompetency of some substitute, whom he had no doubt paid to take his place. ~>22 c/Jmni/s of the Barber-Surgeons. 27th March, 1599. It is ordered that an Informaeon be exhibited againste the Sexton of White Chappell for Surgerye. 6th August, 1599. This daie the Maister of the Company made his peticon to the lorde Bishopp of London that noe person shoulde be admitted to practize Surgerie but suche person as shoulde have the seale of this house to testefie his examination before the Maisters &c. which was graunted And order sett downe for the same. 23rd October, 1599. Pascall Lane hath Thursdaie comme a moneth to be examined and in the meane tyme not to hange out banners and not to cutt unles he acquainte the m" therewithal!. 27th November, 1599. This daie Richard Cadwalder hath undertaken that Roberte Thompson nowe shewed' in the Exchequer for useinge surgerie withoute a signe' shall uppon his retorne be examined concerninge his skille in Surgerye and shall paie suche chardges as shalbe due to this howse. 10th June, 1600. This daye Oliv Peacock brought in his fine for not p°sentinge his Cure 3 being nowe dead and it was mittigated to five shillinges And it is farther ordered that he practize surgery no more. 3rd July, 1600. This daye Andrew Mathew Edward Peck Robert Steward and Owine Jones free brothers of this mistery were at their sev°all instances examined & approved concerninge their skill in the arte of Surgery and had their severall letters of grace und r the seale of the sayd mistery by Richard Wood Willm Martin Thomas Thorney & John Peck examiners appoynted in the p°sence of the M rs of this Company. 8th July, 1600. This daye warrant came to the M re for the p°singe 4 of a Surgeon for Captayne Thomas Minn bearinge date the sixth daye of this instant moneth. 15th July, 1600. This daye Raphe Barrett & Robert Thompson forren Surgeons 5 made theyr request to the M rs that they might be examyned on thursdaye next Whereuppon it was ordered that the Examyners should be warned to be at the hall at the sayd tyme. 29th July, 1600. This daye it is ordered that John Mowle shalbe warned to be before the M rs the next Court for usinge Surgery beinge but a barber. 1 Suerl. '-' Outside his house. 'i.e., His patient. ' Pressing. ' i.e., Surgeons not free of the Company. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 323 8th September, 1600. i§ciax>o die Septembris Anno diii 1600 Annoque Elizabeth Quadragesimo secundo. ^Jifici'cas at a Courte holden the Maisters or Governors and Assistants of this Companye the Nynteenth daie of Maye laste paste It was amongest other thinges ordered condiscended and agreed by consente of a full courte of the said Assistance That the request and mocon of ffrancis Rowdon Clarke to this Companye shoulde be referred to the Consideracon of the Auditors of the Maisters Accompts And what they shall doe in the premisses should be lawfull and effectuall to all intentes and purposes 'gSee Thomas Byrd John Leycocke Lewis Atmer Robert Johnson Richard Mapes Thomas Goodale Thomas Martyn and Joseph ffenton beinge chosen Auditors for the Maisters accomptes for the yeare paste havinge taken due consideracon of the premisses and findinge that the accomplisheinge of the said requeste maye muche proffitt the bodye of this Companye in the banisheinge of lewde and unskylfull practiconers in the arte of Surgerie poc therefore by the Aucthority to us geeven order in manner and forme hereafter ensuinge viz' ffirste wee order that there be presentlie paide unto the saide Clarke the somme of xx' 1 - of lawfull money of England out of the stocke of this howse the same to be repaide to this howse by v" p'' Ann. Alsoe wee doe further order that uppon payment of the said xx 1 ' to the said Clarke aforesaid the said Clarke shall termelie prosecute a competent number of the said practiconers in Surgerie and shall not delaie any suite he shall undertake but shall prosecute the same with effecte unles there be any misprison in the same And if there be any misprison then to acquainte the Maisters for the tyme beinge with the same misprison. Alsoe wee doe order that the said Clarke shall porsecute such p°sons as the Maisters of this Companye shall from tyme to tyme geeve order for. Alsoe wee doe further order that the said Clarke shall not compounde or agree with any he shall have to doe by waie of informacon before he hath acquainted the Maisters therewithall and hath obtayned their consents thereunto And whatsoever he shall receave uppon any Composition over and besides such Costes and chardges as he shall expend in and aboute suche suite he shall well and trulye contente and paie unto the said Maisters or Governors for the tyme beinge. Provided alwaies that he ffirste acquainte the Maisters or Governors of this Company for the tyme beinge therewith And deliver unto them a reasonable and true bill of his Costes and Chardges disbursed as aforesaid And that he scale and deliver as his deed one wrytinge obligatorie wherein he shall become bounden to the Maisters or Governors of this Companye with Condicon theruppon indorced contayninge the Articles above specified In Witnes whereof wee the said Auditors hereunto put o r severall handes. Yoven the daie and yeare ffirste above written. 2 T 2 J 124 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 2 nd October, 1600. Robert Swayne was this daye examined by M r Thorney M r Willfii Martin M r Wood & M r Atmer and not founde sufficient but is nevertheles tolerated to come to o r Lectures & Annathomies And is to paye for the same xx s yerely by 5 s quarterly till hee be founde more sufficient. 5th May, 1601. This daie a complainte was made againste Martyn Pelham by a patient he had in cure of his arme for not fynisheinge the said cure w ch cure was accom- plished by Thomas Watson whereuppon it is ordered that the said Pelham be warned to appeare uppon the next courte daye. 6th August, 1601. This daye Will'" Pilkinton uppon his examinacon was tolerated to practize Surgery for five yeres next ensuinge Provided that hee paie quarterly to this howse ij s vj d and that hee the said Pilkinton doe joyne w ,h him in ev^y cure he shall have in dang' of death or mayne some expert surgeon of this Company. 10th November, 1601. This daye John Russell of Canterbury Surgeon was examined and was admitted & approved. 24th November, 1601. ^XtBerccts James Van Otten and Nycholas Bowlden are this daye become humble suiters to this Company to be tollerated & p°mitted to practize as Surgeons w ,h in this Cytie of London for and durynge the space of Three moneths next ensuinge onely for the couchinge of the catarack cuttinge for the rupture stone and wenne It is uppon consideraccon of their sev'all suites ordered by consent of this Courte That hee the said James Vanotten shalbe p r 'mitted to practize for the couchinge of the catarack cuttinge for the rupture stone and wenne for the space of three monethes next ensuinge w"'out contradiccon or denyall of the M rs or Governors of this Company And that hee the said Nycholas Bowlden shalbe assistant unto the said James Vanotten in such cures as hee shalbe as aforesaid possessed of duringe the tyme & space aforesaid. Provided allwayes an^l it is nevertheles p°mised & undertaken by the said James & Nycholas that hee the said Nycholas shall paye unto the M rs or Governors of this Company to the use of the poore of the same every moneth monethly duringe the said space of three moneths the somme of ij s vj' 1 And that the said James Vanotten shall paye to the said M' s or Governors to the use of the poore of the said Company for every moneth monethly of the said three monethes in w ch the said James shall practize or continue in London or the libertyes suburbes or one myle compase of the said Cyty after the fower & twentyth daye of decemb' next ensuinge xx^ of lawful money of England. And provided that neyth' they nor eyth r of them shall p°sume to hange oute any banners or signe of Surgery in any place oth r then where they shall lye and make theyre abode cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 325 \v"'in the tyme aforesaid or practize in any oth r poynte of Surgery then before is speCd w"'out furth' lycence of the M rs or Governors of this Company for the tyme beinge first had & obteyned. ffor p'formance whereof they the said James & Nycholas by bond are become bounden to M 1 Warden ffrederick in the somme of x 1 ' of lawful money of England. In Witnes whereof they have hereunto put their sev°all names. Yoven the daye & yere above wrytten Jacobus van Otten Nicholas Boden. 2nd March, 1602. Havard is to paye to Nicholas Kellawaye v s - the nexte Courte daye for a launset w"' silver scales w ch he borrowed of the said Nicholas Kellawaye. 20th April, 1602. This daye one Kdward Stutfeyld a practiconer in bone settinge appeared before the M rs of this Company uppon warninge to him geven by the beadell of this Company And at his humble suite he was lycenced to practize in bone settinge onely Provided hee paye to the M rs of this Company to the use of the poore of the same X s for every quarter of yere that hee shall practize as aforesaid. 20th April, 1602. This daye one John fibster a poore and unskylfull man of this Company made his appearance before the M rs of this Company and was examined concerninge his skyll in the arte of Surgery and was found altogeth' unskilfull in all the partes therefore Whereuppon it is ordered that M* Wilbraham Coroner to this Cytie be warned to be here w" 1 the Coroners Inquest on Thursdaye next by tenne of the clock in the forenoone to be satisfied by their owne hereinge of the unskilfullness of the said ffoster. 22nd June, 1602. This daye Garrett Key a Strang' appeared before the M rs of this Company and in respect hee hath undertaken the cure of his patient one ffeake a Gowldesmythe beinge in danger of death w"'out makinge p°sentacon thereof to the M re of this Company Did voluntaryly geve to the said M re to the use of the poore of the same Company iij' 1 And thereuppon they have acquited him all former offences done to this Company. nth October, 1602. This daye Gabriell Hunt Practiconer in Surgery was Committed to the Compter for practizeinge of Surgery beinge not approved nor admitted accordinge to the Statute. 3rd April, 1604. Under this date is an award made by the Court in an action remitted to the Masters by the Lord Mayor, wherein 326 erf minis of the Barber-Surgeons. Walter Barton Barber-Surgeon, was plaintiff, and Thomas Sheeres Imbroiderer, Defendant. It appeared that Barton had cured Sheeres and his servant, Eustace Skelton, and had been at great charges in prosecuting Sheeres for his fees. The Court ordered the Defendant to pay Barton £4. within 14 days. 5th June, 1604. This daye M r ffenton p'sented to this Courte 500 bookes of Horatius Morus tables translated into Englishe and deliv'ed them to the M rs of this Company in the name & behalf of M r Deputie Caldwell' who freely gave them to this Company to be distributed amongest the p°fessors of Chirurgery freemen of this Company. 28th February, 1605. This daye it is ordered that there shalbe a letter p'ntly drawne by the advice of the M" of this Company and sent to the Colledge of Phisicons by the Clark of this Company wherein there shalbe desyred if they please a Conferrence betwixt some of theire College and some of the auncientf of this Company in some indifferent place of meetinge to conferre concerninge theire greevancf. 1 8th March, 1605. This daye uppon the request of M' Serjeant Prymerose & M r Neste Smyth the kynges Surgeons by their Letter It was ordered that Cezar Scultinge Duchman theyre servant should be examyned and approved concerninge his skill in Surgery on thursdaye next And beinge found skilfull that hee mighte have letters of admittance from this Company gratis. 21st March, 1605. " Zeger Schultynchs," the Dutchman above mentioned, was examined and had his diploma gratis, but was ordered to pay 2s. quarterage and 2s. for absence from lectures. 30th April, 1605. This daye M r ffenton complayned of Robert Morrey for supplantinge him of div s cures And for slanderinge him in his pTession And also for his evell practize And was for his said abuses fyned at v 1 ' w th hee is to bringe in at the next Court orels to be committed to the Compter. 7th May, 1605. Morrey being contumacious, was by the Court committed to prison. 1 For a very interesting account of Morus' Tables and of Mr. Deputy Caldwell see Mr. D'Arcy Power's Memorials, p. 1S4. c/Jima/s of the Barber-Surgeons. 327 28th May, 1605. This daye WilliYi Corbet appeared before the M rs of this Company and was dismissed from the exercyze of Surgery for his evill practize. This daye Willm Corbet was bounde to the M rs in x 1 ' not to practize Surgery or \v"'in one myles compasse w"'out the IVP lycence. 25th June, 1605. This daye Abraham Renex is fined at x s for his absens from lectures And is to pay x F p° an. for his lycence of absens hereaff' 3rd September, 1605. This day Pascall Lane a practicioner in the art of Surgery was by our M rs order comittcd to the Compter for cuttinge of one Thorns Thorntons child for the stone who dyed pn'tlie under his handf by his neckligence & ignoraunce where he is to continue till he hath payed the fine of xl b for not makeinge p°ntacon' to the M rs of the cure accordinge to the orders of the Company. 1 2th September, 1605. In the controv'sie betwixt Thomas Thornton and Pascall Lane als~ Lyne It is ordered by consent of both pities That the said Pascall Lane shall p^ntlie pay to the said Thornton xx s which he p^ntlie did And he hath deliv'ed a ring to o r M rs w"' condicon to pay to the said Thornton xx s more this night And all controv°sies betwixt them are to cease and determine from henceforth. 26th November, 1605. This day Henry Goodwyn a Sorcerer was by the M rs forbidden to practize any more in the arte of Surgery. 1st July, 1606. This day Stephen Abraham a Barbor was fined for not makeing p°sentacon of his cure in daunger of death and it was forgeven him. 14th July, 1606. The funds of the Company were, at this period, very low, Mr. Pecke offering to lend ,£50 and Mr. Fenton ^100, v/ithout interest, and the following entry would indicate that the expenses attendant upon the Anatomy demonstrations were a burden. This day for the avoydinge of charges it is ordered by this Courte that no publique Anothomy shalbe holden in the Comon hall of this mistery for the space of theis three yeares now next ensuinge. Yett notw"'standinge it is ordered by this Courte y' the M rs & Stewardf of the Anothomy for the yeare next ensuinge shall continue M re & Stewardf the said space And shall once in ev'ie yeare at such tymes as the M rs of this Company shall thinck fitt dissect a private Anothomy in the Comon hall of the said mistery for their better experience and cunninge. ' Presentation. - Alias. J j 28 cAnnate of the Barber-Surgeons. 14th July, 1606. TlCso it is further ordered & decreed by this Courte fforasmuch as dive" p°sons ffremen of this Company who have very litle or no skill at all in the Arte of Surgery doe neverthelesse make a publique p°fession of the said Arte And thereby comitt many erro re to the great dispa°gm' of the worthie and experienced professo" thereof and to the hurte of div' s of his Ma'f lovinge subjectf That from henceforth no man be admitted to have his name entered downe for a Surgeon into the lecture bill except by the consent of the m rs or governours of the said mistery & Coililtie for the tyme beinge And that it shalbe lawful for the p°nte IVPor governours to dismisse out of the lecture bill the names of such p°sones as they shall thincke fitt to be put out, which p^sons so dismissed and put out shall live out of the protexion of this Company for & in respect of their practize in the Arte of Surgery untill they shall by them be thought fitt to practice in that Arte & admitted into such bill uppon their humble suite. But if any disobedient obstinate or stubborne p°son shall notw"\standinge his such dismission practice in the said arte Then it is further ordred by this Courte that suite in law shalbe p''secuted against such obstinate p°sons at the charge of this Company for such their unlawful! practice in Surgery. 7th October, 1606. This daie Wilh'ri ffoster was fyned at xx s for his evell practize upon his patient being a servaunt of my Lord grace of Cant, and is to bring in the same fyne at the next Court. This daie it is ordered that Richard Holden be warned to the next Court for not reeding his lecture. 24th October, 1606. This daie Clement White appeared before this Court upon Complaynt for settinge his servaunte to sea before he was examyned & his chest vewed by the M rs And for that he knew not the orders of this Company he is forgyven his offence for this tyme. 2nd December, 1606. This daie John Anslow was comitted to the Compter for defraudinge of Willm ffoster of his patient And is to pay ffoster for his paynes in that cure. 9th July, 1607. This daye Roger Jenkins' heretofore examined & app°ved in the Arte of Surgery was p^sented before the Deane of Pawles. And his letters of Admittance from the said Deane. Also Abraham Allen* was lykewyse admitted by the said Deane. 1 Warden in 1608. - Warden in 161 1. a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 120 20th July, 1607. Mr. Thomas Thorney (Master 1602), Mr. Richard Mapes (M. 1612), Mr. Richard Wood (M. 1591), Mr. Serjeant Gudderus (M. 1594), Mr. Wiliili Gayle (M. 1595), Mr. George Baker (M. 1597 and Serjeant Surgeon), Mr. John Peck (M. 1605), Mr. Christopher Frederick (M. 1609 and Serjeant Surgeon), Mr. John Gerrard (the celebrated Herbalist, M. 1607), an d Mr. Joseph Fenton (M. 1624), were appointed Examiners of Surgeons, and amongst other articles it was ordained : — That none of the said examiners shall p°sent any p°son useinge surgery to the Bishop of London or to the Deane of Pawles to the intent to get or p°cure such Surgeon Lycence or admission to practize Surgery unlesse such Surgeon at such tyme shall have his letter of admittance from this Company under the Common seale of the same testifieinge his admission to practize surgery. 7th July, 1 60S. This daye Mathias Jenkinson was examyned concerninge his skyll in the arte of Surgery And was lycenced to cut for the hernia or Rupture to couch the Catrac to cut for the wry neck & the hare lip Provided that hee call the p^sent M" of this Company to every such Cure or such of the Assistant^ as are examined & approved as the said M re in such case shall appoynt And is to enter into bond in xl H for p°formance hereof And paid to the p°sent M rs xl s And is to paye xl s more at midsomer next. 20th June, 1609. This daye Mathias Jenkinson is dischardged from his practize in Surgery for that hee hath not observed the articles of his Tolleracon and for his evell & unskilfull practize. 27th February, 1610. Whereas one William Wright was a suiter to this Courte that he might be examined & admitted to practice Surgery. Now forasmuch as it appeareth he is one of a contentious & troublesome speritt & of a bad & scandalous disposition who hath not onlie heretofore dive rs tymes byn fined for usinge slanderous & evill speeches against dive rs that have byn M rs & governours of this Company but also sundrie tymes heretofore & now daylie useth slaunderous wordf & speeches w" 1 many wicked cursingf & revilingf against M r Mapes in the hearinge of dive' s of the neighbour of the said Wright where he dwelleth, which beinge by this Court dulie examined is found that the same slaunde" & revilingf doe proceed out of his wicked mynd w"'out any just cause given Wherefore it is by this Courte ordered and fullie decreed That the said 2 U ? jo c/Jnmils of the Barber-Surgeons. Wright shall not at any tyme hereafter be examined or approved for his skill of Surgerie untill he shall & doe before 4 or 5 of the neighbou" of the said Wrighte to whom he hath thus abused M r Mapes and in his & their presence openlie confesse & acknowledge that he the said Wrighte hath wronged and abused the said M r Mapes And shall then and there before them submitt himself & be sorrie for all such wrongf & wicked Cursingf as he hath reported or spoken with promise hereafter never by wordf or deedf to wronge him or any other of this Courte or any other of the Assistant? of this Company. 27th February, 1610. At this Courte was John Cotton of Radcliffe a professor of Surgery comited to the Compter for not makinge presentation of his Cure w ch dyed under his hand & also for his evill practice w ch he used to his Cure as it did appeare beinge examined thereuppon And further he is forbidden to practice Surgery any more untill that he be examined. 2nd October, 1610. At this Court it is ordered that Richard Baynes and Xpofer Browne shalbe comitted to the Compter for that they did not come and make answer to this Court of the Complayntf w d ' are made against them by their sev'all patient? they being therefore warned at sev'all Court dayes. 9th October, 1610. At this Court was one wyddowe Bryers comitted to the Compter for practising Surgery contrary to the Statut? of this Realme. About this period are several instances of Surgeons being fined for going to sea without licence, and for not having their sea chests examined, e.g. : 6th November, 1610. Att this Court Gyles fflemmynge did promyse that on Tewsdaye come ffortnight he woulde bring in his ffyne of x 1 ' for going to Sea w"'out lycence of this howse, whereupon the Court was contented to proceed noe further against him in respect of such abuses as he hath offred. 22nd January, 161 1. James Blackborne applied to be admitted a brother to practise Surgery and promising to pay £10 for his admission and to make the examiners a dinner, a day was appointed for his examination. 31st January, 161 1. This daie James Blackborne was examined touchinge his skill in the generatyve pt? of women ; and bringinge of women to bedd in their oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ?J' dangerous and difficult Labors : And he the said Blackborne was found fitt and allowed to practize (in that Chirurgicall p°te of Surgery touching the generatyve ptf of women & bringinge them to bedd in their dangerous & difficult Labours) by letters under the seale of the howse beinge the date above wrytten And was att this Court sworne and admitted a fforayne brother ; and in consideracon thereof he paid to the p°nte M rs att this Court x 11 ' The Barber-Surgeons had claimed the exclusive right of embalming dead bodies, but how they fared in their contention with the Wax Chandlers (referred to in the next extract) does not appear. 26th October, 1612. This daie it is ordered that at the chardgf of the howse the p'nte Masters w"' the Clark shall seeke in the Rowles for the charter of the wax chaundlers and to tak a coppie of that p°te of the charter touchinge the libertie gyven unto them for the imbaulmynge of dead bodyes And as they shall finde the same soe to take the advice of my lord cheife Justice about the same at the chardgf of the howse. 3rd November, 1612. This daie the Company receavinge a letter from the lordf of his Ma'f most hon°able privye Councell wherein they intreated the Company to give leave unto one Bartholomew Vanderlatch a stranger to take in hand one Melser Gisberd whoe had an ympedym' in his eye, whereupon this Court was pleased that the said Vanderlatch should take in hand to cure the said Gisberd w"'out disturbance of this howse. 17th November, 161 2. Att this Court Richard flynche dwelling at Pyckle herring is forbidden to practise bonesetting or any other matter touching surgery at any time hereafter 7th December, 161 3. This daie John Antonio an Italian being an Imposter practizing in surgery is forbidden by this Court to deale any more in Surgery. 3rd March, 16 14. This daie M r Robert Allott docto r in Phissick & one of the fellowes of S' Johnes Colledge in Cambridge was admitted a brother of this Company and hade the letters of this howse under the seale thereof graunted unto him. 15th March, 1614. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Gillam shall at the next court of assistauntf bring in his fyne of v" for discecting of an Anothomy out of this hall. 1 2th April, 1614. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Collyns shall bring in his fyne of 10" for going to sea not having his Chest vewed. 2 U 2 33 2 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons, 27th May, 1616. At this Court is gyven unto M r Docter Crooke the some of 5" for that lie did dedicate a booke unto this Companie & gave one of them unto this howse. 15th August, 1616. John Walgrave came before the Court upon Summons, and being questioned — if he practized Surgery he peremptorily replied he did & gott his lyveinge by the same and was an auntienter Surgeon then themselves Then he was demaunded by what authoritie he did practice Surgery to w ch he aunswered he had sufficient authoritie for he was allowed by the Archbusshop of Canterburie and the Busshop of London Then M r ffenton demaundinge of him in what busshops tymes he was so admitted, after manie insolent & menasinge speches & unsemely behaviors he aunswered he was admitted by Busshop Whiteguift. Then was demaunded of him by what Busshop of London he was admitted to w '' he very insolent replied that he scorned to tell them or to be examined by anie of them all, vauntinge further that he was a better gentleman than anie of them all To w"' M' ffenton aunswered that if he did so he did it unlawfully & he aunswered that he cared not, for he had practized these 30 yeares & wold still practice the same. And M r ffenton told him that though he had practized so long yet that made it not lawful] except he had byn examined iv approved according unto the lawes of the land To w c " Walgrave beinge in great passion w"' menaceinge & threatninge behavio' replied unto M' ffenton & the rest, you lye & I tell you agayne you lye And so w l " proud menacinge & insolent behavio' w ; " many insolent unsemely & irreverent speches to all that salt at that tyme in the Court he most unmanerly & w"'out regard of anie that sat their dep°ted. In all probability it was ascertained that Walgrave had the Bishop's licence or else some powerful friends, as no further notice seems to have been taken of his contempt, though the records abundantly show that the Court was never slow to visit condign punishment on far lesser offenders than this man. 15th July, 1624. Whereas informacon is given to this Court that of late Docto r Grints servingman John Eethell lett a maide blood, her arme mortified and the maid thereupon died, it is ordered by this Court that there shalbe counsell taken thereon, and a suite comenced ag°t him at the Costs of this house. 7th December, 1624. This daye John Baptista Succa a mountibancke and an Italian borne had order to forbeare his practise here in London. o/limals of the Barber-Surgeons. 333 6th November, 1627. This daye was presented to tin's Courte by Humfrey Bromley a letter from the Lord Maio r of this Cittie of London the teno r whereof is as followeth '■JSo the M r and Wardeins of the Companie of Barbar Surgions ^SBeveas S' Henry Herbert Knight M r of the Revells hath authorised the bearer hereof Humfrey Bromley to shew a Child presented to be naturallie borne haveing Twoe heades ffower Amies and three leggf w cl ' I suppose not to be borne of any woeman or to be the perfect substance of a child in respect whereof I forbeare to p°mitt the said Humfrey Bromely to make shewe thereof within the liberies of this Cittye untill such tyme as I maye be truely satisfied from you whether the same child be of the substance as is pretended Therefore I desire you that upon advised view of the said Child you truly certifie mee in writing under yo r handf whether the same be really a child as is presented to thend I maye not unadvisedly suffer his Ma'f subject^ to be deceyved thereby. This second of November Anno Dni. 1627. Hugh Hamkrsley Maw''- Whereupon the vew of the supposed body as aforesaid it is ordered that this answere be returned to the Lord Maio r as followeth viz : ■jHiijltt Hono 1,10 According unto yo r Lops reference unto us directed dated the second of November 1627 WK'e have taken a deliberate vewe of the supposed monstrous birth presented unto us to be vewed as from your hono' by one Humfrey Bromley And although wee cannot possitively affirme it proceeded not from a woeman Yet under favor, wee conceive and soe deliver our opinions that the said suppo>ed monstrous shape hath beene, either by Arte soe composed and put together from unnaturall and untimely birthes of Children or from other Animalls, as Apes, Munckeys or the like w d ' have a greate resemblance of Manns bodye, in many of their partes and soe by the cunninge subtiletye of the composer made into a monster, thereby to delude the worlde and haveing a Bodye of Antiquitie cannot safely receive a flatt and manifest contradiction : And wee are induced the rather to suspect it for that the producer thereof hath noe testimonye from any learned or judicious men ; neither from any Magistrates of the^partes where it is pretended to have bene borne, w ch such offendors use aboundantly to be furnished withall. And in conclusion compareing his printed demonstration of his monster, with the Author he siteth, and others that have written of such and the like monsters, Wee finde a greate deale of Addition and a manifest disagreem' w dl is a playne badge of fixion and falsehoods All w ch our opinions wee humbly submitt to yo r hono"- grave wisdome to be further considered of. ^4 c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. jj 20th November, 1627. Item this daye M Warden Woodnll M r Peter Thorney M' George Perrine and M r Thomas Gilham are appointed by our M." command^ to goe to Portsmouth for the cureing of the wounded souldiers that come from the Isle of Rea in ffrance which are nowe remayneing wounded and sicke at Portsmouth upon the letter of the Lord Conwaye signifieing his Ma'f pleasuer therefore. 8th July, 1628. This daye M r Peter Thorney is by this Court desired to goe Surgion generall for the Armye that goes by Land. 23rd January, 1629. Mr. Peter Thorney having died in the King's Service on the coast of FVance, John Heydon was chosen an Assistant in his place. Peter Thorney is mentioned on the monument to his Uncle, Thomas Thorney (Master, 1602, 1606), in St. Andrew's, Holborn. (See Biographical Notices.) 19th April, 1630. This daye the Examiners mett here in Court upon the recomendaeon of the lordf of the privey Councell signified by S' John Cooke secretary of state for the approveing of one Dupont a french man to practise for the cure of the pox. Whereupon the said Dupont being examined was found altogether insufficient. 20th April, 1630. This daye Edward ffleete paid in xx s for his fine for not reading lecture according to his turne. 20th October, 1631. This Court takeing notice of the lack of a Private dissection Roome for anatomicall imployementf and that hitherto those bodies have beene a greate annoyance to the tables dresser boardes and utensills in o r upper Kitchin by reason of the blood filth and entrailes of those Anathomyes and for the better accomodateing of those anatomicall affaires and preserveing the Kitchin to its owne prop use, Doe nowe order that there shalbe a faire convenient roome built over the greate staire case next the back yard to be imployed onely for discection of private Anathomyes to the value of xl 1 '- 28th December, 1632. On the death of Dr. Gwyn, in December, 1627, it had been arranged that in future the Surgeons of the Company should read the Anatomical lectures in turn, weekly; but great difficulty having been experienced in carrying out this c/Imm/s of the Barber-Surgeons. 335 regulation, the Court now reverted to the former practice of employing a Professor, and appointed Dr. Alexander Reade at a salary of ^20 per annum. 23rd March, 1635. Alsoe this Court takeing notice that in theis latter yeares there hath bene a generall remissnes in the greater p°t of the Surgians of this Companie in their not appearance and personall attendance in their Seates on the Scaffoldings at the Six lecture tymes at the publique Anatomye, and the disorderlynes of those Surgians y' doe appeare for wanting their outward ornament commixing themselves confusedly amongst the Comon people then p°nte, whereby the hono r and worthynes of this Companie on the Surgians p^te hath bene much eclipsed, ffor redresse of w ch enormious exorbitance and for the better grace and Wor°p of this Companie. It is now decreed that for ever hereafter at the tymes of publiqe Lecture readings on the Sceletons or Anatomies in this Comon Hall this ensueing order for the greater decencye & more Wor'p of this Companie shall from tyme to tyme hereafter yearely be observed and put in due execution, viz 1 ■ That every Surgian either of the Assistants or of the Liverye shall appeare in his gowne in the forenone and afternoone of one daye at the least of the 3 dayes lectures at every publiqe discection And that every Surgian of the Wardeins and of the Assistants of the yeomanrye shall likewise appeare in his gowne in the forenone and afternoone of one daye at the least of the three dayes lectures at every publiqe Anatomye, and everye one of those Surgians dureing the tyme of such lecture shall sitt decently in such place in the Scaffoldings as is appropriated to every of them in their degrees and Rancks as aunciently hath bene accustomed upon payne that every Surgian that shall not accordingly appeare shall forfeite and paye to the use of the Companie the some of Twoe shillings and Six pence, or appeareing shall not weare his gowne all the tyme of such readeing for one daye at the least the ^oine of Twelve pence, And that every p^son of the Coialtie or fforreine brothers professeing Surgerye shall likewise appeare in the forenone and afternone of one daye at the least of the 3 dayes lectures at the publiqe Anatomye and not appeareing shall forfeite Twelve pence without redempcon of all or any p n te of any of the fines aforesaid. 24th September, 1635. Alsoe for that Nicholas Downeing not being an approved Surgian according to Lawe did twoe opaeons' in Surgery contrary to the Lawes of this Kingdome & the Customes & ordinances of this Companie and being forbid by the M rs & Governo rs to forbeare those opaeons did notwithstanding that prohibition make 1 Operations. p ■} ■) 6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. opacons and both patients died, Was fined at iiij 11, viz' ■ xl 5 a peece for each of those twoe opaciins because he made not two presentations according to the ordinance of this Companie in that behalfe, And he to be prosecuted at Lawe for the Childs miscarriage. Alsoe this daye the said Nicholas Downeing was fined by this Court at vj s viij* for his uncivill behavio' to M r John.Woodall an auncient M r of this Companie. 6th October, 1635. Alsoe Nicholas Downeing being here in Court was required to paye his three fines according to his promise the last Thursdaye, denied to paye them, is by this Court comitted to the Compter in Wood Streete in my lord Maio r of Londons name. The following entry is not complimentary to Dr. William Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, the marginal note in the minute book being " Doctor Harveys ill practise." 17th November, 1635. This daye W m Kellett being called here in Court for not makeing presentaeon of one M r Kinnersleys maide that died in his charge, he saied here in Court that M r Doctor Harvye being called to the patient did upon his vew of the patient saie, that by the meanes of a boulster the tumor on the temporall muskle would be discussed and his opinion was, that there was noe fracture but the vomiteing came by- reason of the foulenesse of the Stomacke, and to that purpose plscribed physick by Briscoe the Apothecarye, soe the patient died by ill practise, the fracture being neglected & the Companie not called to the vew. The next entry illustrates the peremptory method of dealing with a quack : — 22nd October, 1635. One Christopher Hatton whoe saied he waighteth on gr \ym B e if ore h; s Ma'f Lieutenant of The Tower came to this Court to knowe the reason of the Companies takeing downe of Law Raylens banner or mountabanck table of bladders & stones being a stranger borne & then were hung upon Tower hill execution place, this Courts answere was that by the Lawes & Charters of this Companie they tooke & demolished them. Also the said Lawrence Ruylen a mountabanck was called here in Court and ordered to paye his fine of v" for hanging his signes tables bladders and stones upon the publique postf in streetes & on the Traitors scaffold on Tower hill in an exorbitant manner being contrary to the Lawes and Charters of this Companie confirmed according c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ? ?7 to Lawe And this Court doth order that those signes and bladders shalbe demolished and he is forbidden from further practiseing any p°t of Surgerye hereafter within London or 7 miles Compasse of this Cittye. 1637. For several years prior to and about this period numerous entries occur of Surgeons being fined £5 for going to sea without license or without having their sea chests examined, also for sending their apprentices to sea as surgeons' mates without examination. 29th March, 1638. It is ordered that Edward Arris' and Hen: Boone 5 shall have libertie to sett up in o r Theater a Sceleton by them wrought on when they were Masters Anatomysts on the body of Canbury besse 3 to be placed on the Corbell stone of the Signe Libra alsoe they have leave to paint that peere of bricks up to the Cornish & to depict the planett Venus governeing those twoe signes underneath Libra & Taurus with twoe shadowed neeces 4 for two Sceletons & to sett up their names or mottoe under Libra they payeing the charge for the same & such p°son or p^sons as shall sett up a sceleton on the other signe Taurus shall paye the moietye of the charge they are now at in painting. 3rd July, 1638. Upon the complaint ag' ffran: Soare for discecting a bodye in his owne house contrary to the ordinance It is ordered he shalbe sumoned ag l the next Court. 22nd October, 1638. Tho. Bowden being called to this Court for not makeing p°ntac6n of his patient Godfrey Lee whoe died under his handf is fined at xl s - Alsoe the said Thomas Bowden being not an approved Surgian for that he tooke upon him the cure & charge of y e said Godfrey being daungerouslie wounded & did not joyne an able & approved surgian with him in that cure is fined at v' 1 - Alsoe it is ordered that for his the said Thomas Bowdens evill practise in Surgerye he shalbe Comitted to the Compter in Wood Streete. Alderman, Master 1651. '' Master 1655. 1 Canonbury Bessie, a malefactor. ' Niches. 2 X ? ? *•!-/•* ytt-Omf bcx^gjrnryn-6 P^ >-we£ ?w~*'fo "' - u't !<*■*% £?*+ijr **-l *^t— vVif-M'c/j* «s^ / ^ 1 b^c^i- ••■^fciij S»i»- C^-v^l MC-S1MIL1 P»l i "l MINI il ■ .6T» |MI1 L»V, I5S; | oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 363 in his work, as "Appendix M." I have since compared this document with the original minutes, and finding it .somewhat incorrect and im- perfect, have prepared the following more accurate account. Previous to 1566 Dr. William Cunningham was Reader at the Hall. He was author of the " Cosmographical Glasse containing the pleasant principles of Cosmographie Geographie Hydrographie or Navigation," London, 1599. fo. Dr. Cunningham resided at Norwich 1556-9, whence he removed to London. He wrote a letter pre- facing John Hall's book against the " beastlye abusers" of Surgery, which is dated at Coleman Street, 18th April, 1565, and he also wrote a recommendatory letter in Thomas Gale's " Certeine workes of Chirurgerie," London, 1586. 4'°- 14th January, 1567. Here was m r doctor Julyo & he made request y l he myghte have the worke of the anathomy these iiij or or fyve yeres so y' the coledge of the phicysions sholde not put hym frome us & also y' he myghte have p°vat anathomyes at his demaund in this howse. 16th January, 1567. <&o}u tf>at doctor Julius borgarneyns shall make ow r anathomyes. JUso fox bcx move §f i)s ovbaqtieb. That M r Julius borgamiens doctor in physyck w lh in the Cytie of London unto his request accordyngly Is graunted That for and by the space of fyve yeres shall make and worke o\v r anathomyes and skellytons Condycionally That at any Tyme and tymes w th in in the for saide terme of fyve yeres y' yf yt happen the above named m' doctor Julius borgarneins to be sycke or oute of Towne or by any other manner his Lawfull absence That then yt shalbe Lawfull to and for the m r and gov°no rs and y r successors To take any other doctor and make ow r anathomyes and skellytons and not ellf other wyse as by a paire of Indentures and Covenant^ bearynge date frome the xiij th daye of August in an" dn ! 1566 and in the viij" 1 yere of ow r Sov'aigne lady Quene Elyzabeth as by the same Indentures more at large yt doth testefye the one beyng sealed w'" the Seale of the mystery and the m' and govW s for the tyme then beinge have subscrybed y r names & markes and unto the oth r Indenture the saide doctor Julius burgarniens hath subscrybed his name & have put y r unto his seale. 3 A 2 364 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. $soxv> tljaf the anathomystf shall Leave of theyre Excessyve and extraordenary charges in y r expencf Jlfso vt is {&vbai?neb. That John morland shall abyde and stande M r of the Anathomye accordynge unto an ordenaiice in that behalf pvyded and Ordayned, and he also shall beare his portion of the Charges of the same accordingly as hertofore yt bathe bene usually acostomed and yt is fully condesended and agreed that the saide John morelande shall in and for good consideracio of his silvered yeres, set and Requyer any one of this saide Copany To make Sexcions \v ,h the doctor as hymsylf and in his behalf upon the saide Corps or bodye and yf he wyll Jln6 ctfso forder more yt is ordayned by thaucthorytie aforesaide That hereafter the saide m r and stewardf of the anathomyes shall not brynge in theyre accomptes any moiiy by them or any of them spente or layed forthe at the Tavernes or ellf where at theire sondry metingff but the mere and only exspencf defrayed and paide oute for the Cates and other necessarys at the hall p°pared for the same tyme and not ellf othenvyse And also the saide anathomistf shall frome hence forwardf put of and laye aparte theire Sooppars' and all others y r wastefull and excessyve charges and exspencef by the w ch theire accomptf amounteth unto the greter Somes. And also John Staple upon his humble request made is lycenced not to be stewarde in this yere, and m' bovy is chosen and admytted to be stewarde of the saide anathomy and shall also p''cede to m r of the nexte 2 unto order accordyngly. 17th January, 1575. It was agreed by this whole howse that m r docto' Smythe sholde wo'k upon Thannatomye for the space of thies iiij yeres next coming and yf he be sick or oute of the Towne to take there choyse where they will. 20th December, 1577. M r Thomas Hall to desect the Anatomies. Thomas Hall (see pp. 183, 187) was a Member of the Court of Assistants, and a brother of the John Hall referred to on p. 314. 1st July, 1596. M r Docto r Paddy ys chosen to be the desecto r of o r Anathomies yf yt shall pleas him to accept of the same And also xx^ ys geven yerelie to the Anathomistf more then they were accustomed to have in regard that suche Doctor 5 of Phisick as shall associate the said M r Docto' shalbe invited to dyner at the good liking of the masters or governo' 5 from tyme to tyme. 1 Suppers. '- i.e. , proceed to be Master of the Anatomy next year. oAnnals of the- Barber-Surgeons. ^63 23rd November, 1609. Att this Court upon the motion made by S r William Paddy Knighte and at his earnest request and suite made to this Courte and uppon the surrenderinge up of his place which he held for the redinge of the Anathomyes lectures for discection thereof It is by a generall consent of the whole Courte agreed That M r Doctor Gwyn doctor in Phisicke shall from henceforth possesse his place in the Hall for readinge of the discection of the Anathomy Att such tymes and when as any such shall happen or be. 28th March, 1610. This day wee had the bodie of one to descect for an Anotomy & M r Docter Gwyn did reede upon the same. 17th September, 1612. This daye itt is ordered (upon a motion by the M r propounded touchinge that one of the Colledge shold read in this howse the weeklie lectures of Surgery on Tewsdaies) That the M" shall conferr with M" President of the Phisitions Colledge to see whether they will give Consent that M r Docto' Davis or some other sufficient phisition whome the company shall please shall read the weeklie lectures in o r howse And yf the president & Colledge shall not consent thereto then this howse is to deale & compound with some other of our owne company to read their lecture in this howse whereof ye M rs are to make certificatt unto the said M' President And to take such order that the howse maye not in anywise be charged towards y° same Lecture. 6th October, 161 2. This daie upon the motion made of M r Doctor Gwyne to be lecturer Itt is by this Court ordered that the said M r Docto r Gwyne shalbe reader of the weekelie lectures of surgery w ch the said M r Doctor accepted of In Consideracon whereof the M rs have allowed unto the said M' Doctor Gwyne an yerelie paym' of x 1 ' to contynew soe long as he shall be reder of the lecture. 19th September, 1616. M r Doctor Gwyne is by this Court ordered & entreated that he wold proceed in his reading of o' lectures out of Gwydoes Surgery. 13th December, 1627. Alsoe this daye o r M' propounding to this Courte that where as M r Docto r Gwin our lecturer is lately dead by reason whereof wee are destitute of a lecturer it is very expedient either to choose a Doctor to Reade our lectures on tuesdayes or every Surgion in his turne according to his antiquitye to reade his lecture as formerly the Surgions of this house hath bene used, whereupon deliberacSn being had it is by this Court fully concluded and agreed that our weekely lectures shalbe reade according to the auncient custome of the Companie by the Surgions of our Companie approved according to lawe and that it shall begin with the auncientest Maister M" Richard Mapes and soe after every Surgion in his antiquitye and degree in the Companie. }66 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Alsoe it is further ordered that dureing the tyme of reading of such lecture none of the audience shall interrupt or question the reader till the hower be runn out, and the lecture ended, at which tyme it shalbe lawfull for the M rs and Wardeins and the examiners then present (if any error have bene comitted by such lecturer) to question such reader and to make manifest wherein he hath erred. 23rd October, 1628. Alsoe this daye M r Doctor Andrewes is freely and loveingly chosen to be our reader at the next publique Anathomye to be holden in this Hall. 9th April, 1632. Alsoe this Court takeing into their considerations the greate care and paines of M r Doctor Andrewes in his agitaccins and yearely readinge of our lectures in tyme of the discections of the publique Anathomyes for this fowcr yeares past doe nowe order that there shalbe given him xiij 1 ' yj* viij d as of the free guift of this house for his paines therefore. i6lh June, 1632. And as concerning the order for reading of lectures in Surgerye by an approved surgion of this Companie, this Court did againe deliberate upon the same and every one of the Assistants declared his opinion therein and the pluralitie of voyces was to have lectures read by the approved Surgians of this house according to our ordinances and not by a Doctor of phisick. 20th December, 1632. Alsoe o r Soveraigne Lord Kinge Charles his Letter directed to this Court was here openly reade and thereupon this Court in all obedient duetye and loyaltie to o r soveraigne Lord the Kings pleasure signified in that letter doe make moon of M r Docto' Andrewes to be the weekely lecturer in surgerye for o r Companie upon such Court dayes as wee are accustomed to keepe. 28th December, 1632. This daye was reade in Court the letter directed to o r M r from M r Richard Andrews Docto' in Phisick whereby he doth desire to be excused from reading o r weekely lectures in Surgerye, & thereupon this Court did goe to a new election, takeing notice of M r Alex: Reade Docto' in Phisick approved by the Colledge of Phisitians London whoe was bredd a Chirurgian in ffraunce and hath bene a long time free of o r Companie did make choice of the said Docto r Reade to be o r Lecturer in Surgerye at such dayes and tymes as by order of Court is formerly ordered by this Court. And this Court doth further order that ev°y Surgian in the Lecture bill shall yearely paye towards the reading of such Lecture a certeyne some p^ticulerly, and that all those moneys gathered being cast up to a totall some shall out of the stock of this house be yearely made up xx" compleately for the said Docto rs Readeing. tiAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 367 Among a collection of old books on Surgery, in my possession, is a small quarto by Dr. Read (dedicated to Thomas, Lord Windsor, who was free of the Barber-Surgeons) and entitled : — The Chirurgicall Lectures of Tumors and Ulcers delivered on Tuesdayes appointed for these exercises, and keeping of their Courts in the Chirurgeans Hall these three yeeres last past, viz. 1632, 1633 and 1634. By Alexander Read Doctor of Physick, and one of the Fellowes of the Physitians College of London. London 1635. 28th December, 1637. Upon the riseing of the Court of Assistants it was concluded & agreed by the Examiners and Assistants Surgians that M r Docto r Meverell an auncient Phisitian of the Colledge shalbe Reader of o' Anatomicall lectures at the next publique discection to be held in the new erected Theater. 8th November, 1638. It is this daye ordered by the M' s or Governo" Surgians and the Examiners and Assistant Surgians here present y s afternoone that there shalbe p n nted as the guift of this Companie to M r Doct. Meverell a peece of plate w ,h the Companies Scutchion ingraven thereon for his paynes in readeing at o r last publiqe Anatomye in the new Theater before the Lords of his Ma liM most hono No privye Councell & others Spectato rs in the time of those 3 dayes readeings. And in regard the said Docto' Meverell doth desire to be spared from reading any more the said M rs or Governo'" Surgians & the Examiners & Assistant Surgians do make choice of M r Doct. Prujeon to be their reader in M r Doct. Meverells roome. 19th August, 1 64 1. It is ordered that henceforward the Tuesday Lectures shalbe delivered by the Surgeons of this Company themselves and not by a Doctor and that the Examiners shall meete and consider of the manner. 23rd September, 1641. The Tenn Examiners are desired to meete & consider concerneing Lectures on Thursday next and in regard of the present sicknes this Court doth order that noe Tuesday Courts or Lectures be held till after the fortnight within the next terme. 30th September, 1641. This day M r Lawrence Cotton, Warden, M r Serjeant Clowes M r Richard Wateson M r Woodall M r John Heydon M r Heath M r George Dunn, Examiners of Surgeons takeing into theire Consideracons the manner of the reading of Lectures in Surgery have thought it fitt and ordered That the Surgery Lectures should be read by approved Surgeans only and the Lecture to begin by the first Surgeon that > 68 z/lnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. is approved next to the Examiners and soe every one by his turne to read the Tuesdayes Lecture and every one to have a preceeding moneths time of warneing or notice to prepare himselfe for such Lecture as he shall read. Alsoe It is thought fitt the publique Anatomy 6 Lectures shall this yeare he read by Doctor Prudjeon. 5th May, 1642. It is ordered that Doctor Chamblent shall have a silver tankard of vj" price with Armes of the company ingraven in it as the Guift of this Court for his paynes the last publique Anatomy. 17th January, 1644. It is ordered That in respect of the greate troubles and distractions of these times there shalbe noe publique Anatomy this yeare discected. 27th October, 1645. This day M r Edward Arris acquainting this Court that a person a friend of his (who desired his name to be as yet concealed)' through his greater desire of the increase of the knowledge of Chirurgery did by him freely offer to give unto this Corporacon for ever the sum of 250 11 to the end and upon Condicon that a humane Body be once in every yeare hereafter publiquely dissected and six Lectures thereupon read in this Hall if it may be had with Conveniency and the Charges to be borne by this Company And if noe humane Body may be had nor conveniently dissected in one yeare then the Company to destribute One halfe of the Sum of the usuall Charges of a publique Anatomy to our owne poore and the other halfe to the poore of S' Sepulchers, the said worthy Overture is thankefully accepted by this Court And it is Ordered a Draught be drawne by our Clerke against the next Court of Assistants for the performance thereof And to that purpose a Rent charge of xx 1 ' p° annum be granted out of our Lands at Holborne Bridge. 24th November, 1645. ^' 1 ' s Court taking into Consideration in what manner the publique Bodyes hereafter shalbe dissected and by whome that Anatomy which is now newly about to be established shalbe performed Doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the present M rs of Anatomy or such others as shalbe appointed by the two M rs Surgeons for the time being and the more part of the Examiners shall performe the same and that the manner of dissections of every publique Anatomy shalbe such as they the said Two M rs or Governo' 5 for the time being and Examiners on the more part of them shall direct. ' It was the worthy Alderman Arris himself. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 369 30th January, 1646. The draft deed of settlement fur the Arrisian Lectures was brought into Court and (6th February, 1646) approved ; but it appearing at the next Court that there was some technical difficulty as to the names of the feoffees it was remitted to the donor's counsel. 20th February, 1646. This Court doth agree That the Deed of an Annuity formerly granted to the use of the new publique Anatomy be made for 24'' upon the Consideracon of 300 1 ' And it is promised by M r Arris on the behalfe of the Donor That if the 300'' shalbe restored within 12 yeares he or his Heires shall grant unto this Company for the same use the like sum of 24 1 ' p. Annum out of some of his Lands or Tenements And doe nominate and appoint for ffeeoffees M r Dunn M r Collins M' Kings M r Pinder M r ffleete M r Arris M r Boone and M r Bennett. 24th March, 1646. This daye M r Edward Arris payd the sum of 300 1 ' to the use of this Company and is the purchase money for the Annuity of 24'' p° annii for the use of the new publique Anatomy Whereupon the Deed of Grant of the said Annuity and for establishing the said new Anatomy was sealed with the Coirion Scale and 1 >clivered to the Donor and the scvcrall ffeoffees intrusted in that matter. In consequence of our later Minutes being lost, it is not possible to say precisely how this trust came to be varied and increased, though from the House of Commons Journals (see p. 160) it can be con- jectured almost to a certainty to have been as follows : — Within twelve years from the date of the original grant (say in 1658) the Company returned the ,£300 to Alderman Arris, and he thereupon settled upon them a rent charge, not of ,£24 as he had promised to do, but of ^30 per annum payable out of some of his houses. He seems however, subsequently, to have had good reason to believe that his only son and heir, Dr. Thomas Arris, M.P., would give the Company trouble in the matter of the settlement, and so, on the 29th February, 1676, he requested that his deed of grant might be given up to him cancelled, and that he should in return give the Company ^510 absolutely and free from any trtist, save only an honorable understanding that the )-/o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Anatomy Lectures should be continued. This was done, and after his death (which happened 28th May, 1676) the Company were involved in a Chancery suit with Dr. Thomas Arris who endeavoured, though unsuccessfully, to recover possession of the ,£510. 17th July, 1646. Whereas 300'' hath bin worthily given to this House for the Discharge of all expences to be layd out in and about a publique Anathomy to be hence- forth had yearely for ever Betweene the ffeaste of Michaelmas and Christmas in every yeare "And for that Doctor Prudjon who formerly read the Anatomicall Lectures hath desired to be excused from reading the Lectures on the next Anathomyes to be dissected betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next This Court doth think fitt That Doctor Wright be desired to performe the same And that the M rb of the Anatomy for the time being When the said Anatomy shalbe dissected do alwayes in theire severall & respective times of M rs of Anatomy dissect the said Anatomy And this Court doth thinke fitt That the dissection of the said Anatomy be of the Muscles of the Body But that the manner thereof be left to the Judgement of the Reader and the Dissectors. 2 1 st September, 1646. Our M r acquainting the Court that Doctor Prudjon and divers other learned Physitions have recomended Doctor [John] Goddard as a Man well qualifyed and very able to reade the Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Prudjon be requested to performe the Lectures On the next publique Anatomy himselfe But if he shall Deny it That then Doctor Goddard Or such other as Doctor Prudjon shall thinke more fitt be desired to read the Lectures. 23rd October, 1646. This Court doth Order That all the approved Chirurgeons according to Law shall appeare at all publique Anatomyes for the time to come in a fflatt Capp upon the penalty of 3 s 4 d and all the rest of the Livery in a Hatt. 24th December, 1646. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the M rs or Governours and Assistants nor any of them Nor any of the M rs or Stewards of Anathomy doe invite or enterteyne any Guest at any of the Three Dinners to be had within this Hall at the next publique Anatomy Or at any other publique Anathomy betweene Michaelmas and Christmas in any yeare hereafter But doth consent & Order That Doctor Prudjon be invited to the said Dinners Anything aforesaid to the contrary Notwithstanding. c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. jji 7th January, 1647. Whereas this Court is well satisfyed That Doctor Prudjon is desireous to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Goddard be desired to performe the same. 15th February, 1647. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the Tuesday Lectures be againe revived and read by Chirurgeons ffreemen of this Company in their turnes according to theire authority' in the Livery. The eldest Assistant Chirurgeon to read the first Lecture and that to be On the first Tuesday in May next and the other to be from thence monethly and noe oftner viz 1 The ftirst Tuesday in ev y moneth Provided Nevertheles That when as any such Tuesday shall not be within the time lymitted in and by an Order of a Court of Assistants of ix" 1 August 1632 in that behalfe Or shall happen to be on any the dayes thereby excepted That then every such Tuesday be noe Lecture day. The order of the 9th August, 1632, above referred to, was as follows — Alsoe this daye this Court for removeing of uncerteinties & setling of one certeyne course and forme for Courts to be kept on y r Tuesdayes in every yeare doe now upon deliberacon had, order that from henceforth for ever hereafter there shalbe Lectures reade & Courts held in the Comon Hall of this Companie at such dayes and times in every yeare annually as hereafter followeth viz' on every Tuesdaye w dI shalbe betwixt Michaelmas daye and the Tenth daye of December, On every Tuesdaye betwixt the ffeast of Epiphanie and Palme Sondaye, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Easter holydayes and Rogactin weeke, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Whitesonday holydayes and the last daye of Julye. Provided alwayes that if it shall happen any of the aforesaid Tuesdayes to fall out to be either on a holydaye or one a holydayes Eve That then every such Tuesdaye to be noe Court or Lecture daye Provided alsoe that the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Lord Maio rs daye and the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Publiqe discection of Anatomye and alsoe Shrove tuesdaye to be noe Court dayes. 29th March, 1647. This Court doth explaine the Order of the last Court of Assistants (15th February 1647) concerneing the Tuesday Lectures That it is the meaneing of this Court and this Court doth accordingly Order That the said Lectures be read aswell by the ancient M ri Chirurgeons and Examiners in theire course as by any others. 1 A clerical mistake for " antiquity," i.e., precedence. 3 j 2 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 23rd September, 1647. This Court takeing notice that Doctor Prudjon desireth to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures to be had betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next But wilbe ready hereafter to serve the Company in that kind Doth therefore freely chuse Doctor Nurse for the reading these Lectures and Doth order That our Clerke doth attend him and desire his answer therein And this Court doth further Order That the present Masters of Anathomy may dissect the first publique Anathomy and in the meane time may have a private Body. nth January, 1648. This Court at the Suite and request of M r Daniell Worrall M r William Molins M r Thomas Woodall and M r Thorpe Chirurgeons of the Cloathing of this Company Doth grant That they or any of them joyneing the M" & Stewards of Anathomy privately desect in the Coirion Hall of this Company and not elsewhere a humane Body executed as a Malefactour that they or any of them may procure ffor the bettering theire Judgement and Skill in Anatomy, Provided That they at theire owne proper Costs doe defray and disburse All the Necessary & accustomed Charges ffees & Duties belonging to a private Anathomy. 14th January, 1648. This Court doth Order That there be a publique Anathomy this yeare and doth chuse and desire Doctor Nurse to read these Lectures and inasmuch as Doctor Prudeon doth desire to be excused ffrom reading hereafter this Court doth Choose Doctor Nurse to be the constant Anatomicall Reader to this Company. 8th October, 1649. This Court taking into consideracon severall worthy Physicians of whome one might be elected Reader of the Anatomicall Lectures at the publique dissections of this Company Doe thinke fitt That Doctor Scarborough be elected thereunto Who being desired to come to this Court appeared during the sitting thereof and declared himselfe very willing to performe the same and rendered thanks to this Court for their good opinions of him. We have at the Hall a fine portrait of Dr. Sir Charles Scarborough with Alderman Arris engaged upon an Anatomy. Dr. Scarborough was elected Anatomical Reader on the 12th October, 1649. '& 23rd October, 1649. The periodical lectures by the Surgeons of the Company, which had again fallen through of late, were ordered to be revived, and there is a long minute on the subject at this date. z/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 373 27th February, 1663. Samuel Pepys records, under this date: — About 1 1 o'clock Commissioner Pet and I walked to Chyrurgeon's Hall, we being all invited thither, and promised to dine there, where we were led into the Theatre ; and by and by comes the reader, D r Tearne,' with the Master and Company, in a very handsome manner : and all being settled, he begun his lecture ; and his discourse being ended, we had a fine dinner and good learned company, many Doctors of Phisique, and we used with Extraordinary great respect. 30th June, 1698. Ord rd that there bee an Anatomy Lecture called Gales Anatomy. D r [Clopton] Havers & D r Hands being put in nominacon for reading of the same D r Havers was choosen for three yeares & to read on the second Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday in July next by three of the clock in the afternoone & to have thirty shillings for his paines & the remainder to bee disposed of by the Comitte. 14th December, 1699. Ord ul the two D' s - Readers to this Society for the future shall bee elected for noe longer terme then fower yeares onely at one time Ord" 1 by the Court that D r [E.] Tyson have liberty to lay downe [his office]. D r Hans & D r Havers were put in nominacon for Reader of the Ventera Lecture in the roome of D r Tyson, D r Hans was chosen for fower yeares. 22nd April, 1708. Dr. Colebrooke and Dr. Thomas Wadsworth put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (Gale's founda- tion), when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years. 1 6th August, 1 71 1. Then the Court proceeded to the Eleccon of Readers for the Muscular Ventor & Osteology lectures & I) r [Richard] Mead D r ffreind & D r ^Yadsworth the present Readers were unanimously chosen Readers of the said severall Lectures for the four ensuing years. 17th July, 1712. D r John ffreind was unanimously Chosen Reader of the Muscular Lecture. And D r Comer [? H. Colmer] was Chosen Reader of the Venter Lecture for the next 4 yeares ensueing. 1 Christopher Terne, of Leyden, M.D., originally of Cambridge, and Fellow of the College of Physicians. Ob. 1673. 374 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ist October, 1712. Dr. Henry Plumtree and Dr. Douglas put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (Arris's foundation) in the room of Dr. Meade, when Dr. Plumtree was elected for four years. Dr. J. Douglas and Dr. Wadsworth put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years. 15th December, 1715. Dr. Douglas and Dr. Marmaduke Giles put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Douglas was elected for four years. Dr. William Wagstaffe and Dr. Hezekias Jones put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four years. 13th March, 1 7 1 7. Dr. W. Barrowby and Dr. Stewart put in nomination for Reader of the Ostelogy Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four years. 6th November, 17 17. Dr. Douglas resigned the Readership of the Muscular Lecture, on account of a difference with the Masters of Anatomy, and Dr. Plumtree was chosen in his place. 1 8th August, 1720. Dr. Wagstaffe and Dr. Barrowby put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four years. Dr. Barrowby and Dr. Thomas Jewrin put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four years. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years. c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. ?7^ 30th October, 1721. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Charles Bale put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture {vice Dr. Barrowby resigned), when Dr. Jewrin was elected. Dr. C. Bale and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Bale was elected. 29th March, 1722. Dr. Bale being in France, and unable to return for five months, Dr. Rutty and Dr. Sisterton were put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Rutty was elected. 20th August, 1724. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Rutty put in nomina- tion for Reader of the Muscular Lecture in place of Dr. Wagstaffe, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years. Dr. Rutty and Dr. Robert Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected for four years. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. John Deodate put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Deodate was elected for four years. 6th June, 1727. Dr. E Wilmott and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Deodate deceased), when Dr. Willmott was elected. 15th August, 1728. Dr. Rutty and Dr. Wilmott put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected. Dr. Wilmott and Dr. Lawrence Martell put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Wilmott was elected. Dr. Martell and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Wilmott), when Dr. Martell was elected. )j6 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 7th April, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Martell resigned), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected. 13th August, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Francis Nicholls put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture {vice Rutty deceased), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of of the Viscera Lecture (vice Wilmott resigned), when Dr. Nicholls was elected. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Goldsmith), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected. Mr. Joshua Symmonds was chosen Demonstrator or Teacher of Anatomy for three years. 5th March, 1 73 1 . Mr. Symmonds resigned through ill-health, and Mr. Edward Nourse and Mr. John Belchier being put in nomination, Mr. Nourse was elected. 17th August, 1732. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Guy Ruffiniac put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Goldsmith deceased), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected. Dr. Ruffiniac was elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Nesbitt). 5th March, 1734. Mr. Nourse resigned the place of Demon- strator of Anatomy. 15th August, 1734. Mr. Abraham Chovett and Mr. Peter Maccullock were chosen Demonstrators of Anatomy. 17th September, 1734. A lengthy set of regulations for the conduct of the Demonstrations of Anatomy is entered on the minutes of this date. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. )j-j 17th July, 1735. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Owen put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Ruffiniac resigned) when Dr. Nicholls was elected. 19th August, 1736. Mr. Abraham Chovett resigned his place as Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Mr. Peter Maccullock and Mr. Ccesar Hawkins were elected Demonstrators. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Nicholls was elected. Dr. Nicholls was also elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture. 7th December, 1738. Dr. R. Banks was elected Reader of the Viscera Lecture. 1 6th August, 1739. Mr. Peter Maccullock elected Demonstra- tor of Anatomy, which office he held until his death. 10th July, 1744. Mr. W. Bromfield elected Demonstrator of Anatomy (vice Maccullock, deceased). The following Will of Charles Whyte (Warden in 1535 and 1542) is interesting, as it furnishes a partial list of the books and belongings of a Barber-Surgeon in Henry VI I Is time. The Will is dated 3rd July, 1544, and by it testator desires to be buried in St. Paul's Church Yard. He gives 20 d ' to St. Martin s Ludgate, where he dwelt, for tithes forgotten — Also I bequeathe to the Masters Wardens and felowsshipp of the barho' surgons for theyr payne to com to my buryeng vj s - viij d - To Thomas Wanlon poticary my beste Gowne furryd wyth black bugge. Also I bequeathe to Nicholas Archepolle the Surgion twoo books of surgery thone ys borded and coverd wyth yelowe lether and 1 Probably, Nicholas Archenbold (Warden 1564, &c). 3 c 37* ^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons. ys named John of Ardren being wryten hande wyth Divers pictures And thother book being coveryd wyth black lether having on thone syde the armes of England wyth a rose paynted and one thother syde the armes of England and spayne being wryten hand. Also I bequeathe to John Colman that was my prentyce my great black boke borded and coveryd wyth black lether wher in is the boke of the harball and the shepardes kalender wyth divers other bookf Also I bequeathe to M' John AYoodwarde my best gowne furryd with foynes and to Mres Margaret Woodwarde his wif a gold ring with a turkes 1 that was Wyllyam Taylours or els fourty shilling^ in money. Also I bequeathe to Robert Clerk my kynsman six barbours basins of latyn Item a kettyl wyth a cock in yt to wasshe heddes wyth, 2 a great pott of latyn. It. a nother great pott of pan mettell wyth a cock in the botom, three barbours chayres, a lowe chest wyth holes in the cofer .... Also I bequeathe to Robert Clerk and Wyllyam his brother all my bokes of surgery and physyck equally to be devided betwene them yf so be they wyll study the science of surgery. Also ... all my instruments being made of Iron, style, 3 coper, and brasse which belongethe to the science of surgery. Query " turquoise.' A primitive appliance for shampooing. Steel. UPPER WARDEN'S GARLAND. MIDDLE WARDEN'S GARLAND. WARDENS' AND OTHER ACCOUNTS. HE Great Book of Wardens' Accounts has unfortunately been kept in a clamp place, and the earlier portion of it is severely damaged. The cover still indicates the elaboration of the bookbinder's art, being stamped in patterns with the portcullis ileur de lys and Tudor rose ; opposite what is left of the first page is a magnificently painted achievement of the Company's arms on vellum, but this unhappily, is damaged. The first page has rotted almost entirely away, leaving only the upper left hand corner, on which there is an initial letter T illuminated in the highest style of art, though this is also seriously damaged. The accounts commence with those for the year 1603, the first few pages are worn away, pages 7 to 36 are but slightly damaged, whilst the remainder of this huge book is quite perfect and abounds with quaint and artistic initial letters. c 2 3&o oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The following is the reduced initial letter for the year 1610-1 1. A&drfeti 1 603. The Wardens account for quarterage received by them amounting to ^"4 175. 6d., this quarterage was 2s. for each freeman, though some did not pay, and others had only paid 6d. or is. £5 was received for the admission of six foreign brethren. Twenty-five freemen were admitted, who paid $ s - \d. each on presentation. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 381 Eighty-nine apprentices were bound, each paying 2s. 6d. The receipts for the rents from the Company's tenants follow, viz. : — £ s. d. Holborn Bridge (14 tenements) 29 4 o Conyhope Lane (Grocers' Hall Court) - 800 Walbrook (2 tenants) - 1500 Tower Street - - 500 Mugwell Street (4 tenants) - 11 13 4 East Smithfield (13 tenants) - 28 14 o Swanne Alley (5 tenants) 17 6 8 Old Bailey - - 100 ^115 18 o The following is a verbatim copy of the remainder of this year's accounts, and will serve as a fair specimen for the other years. 1603. — The said Accomptants doe aske allowance for moneys by them defrayed w ,h in the tyme of this p°sent accompt by the handes of M' Edward Rodes Second Governor afores' 1 for ordenary as [well as] extraordinary Expences as hereafter ensueth viz'- — (Sr&mctrie expenses. gnprtwis payd for the Awdit dinner - - vj M Itm paid to the Butler for his fee then - - - iij s iiij fl Itm paid to the Cock for dressinge of nyne messe of meate then - ix s Itm paid to the Laundres then - v b Itm paid to the Porter for his attendance - xij 1 ' Itm paid for the view dinner - xl s Itm paid to the Carpinter & Bricklayer then' - - iij s Itm paid to the Stewardf of the Maior's feast - ... v j" Itm paid to the Cock for dressinge of 14 messes of meate then • xviij 5 viij d Itm paid to the Butler then - - - v s 1 The Company's Carpenter and Bricklayer always accompanied the Masters on view days, to advise as to the state of repair of the property. 382 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Itm paid to the Laundresse then Itm paid for the hyre of o' Bardge - Itm paid to the Clark & Sexton of the Churche of Garlick Hythe when the Company toke barge I tin paid for rushes & small cord Itm paid to the Croner' for his fee - Itm geven to the Bardgemen in reward Itm paid for the Companyes seats in Powles 1 1 1 111 paid to the Lo: Maiors officer for his fee Itm paid to ffrancf Rowdon 3 for his fee p° Ann Itm paid to the Porter for his fee p° Ann - Itm paid him more in augmentation of his fee Itm paid to John a Lee for his yerely pencon Itm paid to the p°son 4 of S' Olaves p° Ann- Itm paid to the Clarke of that Churche - ... Itm paid to the Scaveng' per ann Itm paid to o r Clarke for lanthorne Lyghte 5 Itm paid to the Stewards of the Anathomy Itm paid to the Clarke for white brushes & broomes Itm paid for a Loade of greate Coales Itm for a thowsand of Bttlettf It in paid for small coles - Itm paid for an hundreth of ffagottf Itm spent uppon o r tenant^ in potacon 6 - Itm distributed in Almes accordinge to the last will & testament of M r fferebras Itm more distributed in augmentation of the same almes - Itm allowed to the M rs for the distributinge thereof - Itm allowed to the M re for gatheringe of the rentf Itm paid to the Clark for pennes Inke & pap° - Itm layd oute for herbes & flowers on the Election daye Itin paid to the Bedell for his yerely fee Itm geven to the Porter for his Attendance on the Election daye iif nij" Xlj u vj s viij d ij 5 vj d V s X s xxvj s viij d xP lxij s vj viij d xvj d iiij s ij s ij s XXV s XV s xij d Vlj" 111J" VJ 5 V11J xiij iiij vj s viij' 1 \iiij s iiij" 1 vj s viij' 1 iij s xl s xij d Parson. 1 Coroner. " St. Paul's. 3 The Company's Clerk. The Clerk provided the Lantern over the Entrance in Monkwell Street, in accordance with the ancient City custom of lighting the streets. "Potation, i.e., drinking. a/1 una Is of the Barber-Surgeons. 383 Itm paid to M r Hilles' for his yerely fee - - xl Itm paid to the Collectors for subsidye - - lij s Itiii paid to M r Stov/er for p n vision of come 2 - v" Itm paid to the poore of St. Olaves - xvij s iiij' 1 Itiii paid to the preach' for his sermon on the daye of Election - - x s Itiii distributed in money bred & byfe 3 accordinge to M' Bankes last Will & testament - - ..... m\ Itm for washinge of some linnen w ch was used on the daye of Election xviij' 1 Itm paid to the Clark for registringe of this Accompt - - - xx s Some totafC of the ) T .„ .... Ordenary expenct; is I f&xtvaovbxnavxe ExpencC gnpriwis paid for the use of sixe garnishe and twoe dozen of pewter at the Awdit Dinner Itiii paid for makinge cleane of the Hall then Itiii geven by Consent to Erasmus Haunce a poore Strang' Itiii paid to the Paynter for the Coockf apron 4 Itiii paid to the Clark for Drawinge & engroseinge of the Indentures of Covenaunt betwixt the Carpnt' & o' M rc concerninge o' Buyldinge in Easte Smith feild - Itiii paid to M' Justice Wooddes Clark for the Recognizance ec for o' lycence to buyld .... Itiii paid M' Wood for his Advice then - - - - Itiii spent at the hartes home uppon some of the committees when o' M' & they toke advise concerninge M r ffyneingf conveyance Itiii paid to M' Hilles for his advise then - ... Itiii geven to the Lord Maior's officer for his Attendance at the Awdit- 1 1 111 geven to Symon Parkinson in benevolence by consent - Itiii geven in benevolence to Mark Criffeyld Itiii paid for the wiflers staves 5 - Itm paid for cakes at the Maiors feaste Itm paid for Clarret wyne then - 1 The Company's standing Counsel. "The Company compounded with Mr. Slower at ,£5 per annum to provide the corn required by the City. 3 Beef. ' The Cook's apron was probably embellished with the Company's arms or crest. 3 The wands or staffs carried by the whifflers who headed the processions on pageant days, etc. vif viij J if V s xiij s iiij 1 ' »f ij" X s hf viij' 1 X s iif iiij' 1 'f vj" vj" xvj d iif 1111 s d 384 a/hinals of the Barber-Surgeons. Itfii paid for a Gallond of Muskadell- - iiij 5 Itfii paid for half a dozen of Rolles vj Itm paid for 2" of suger & for Cloves then ij s Itfii geven to the musicons in reward then - - ij s Itm geven to M r Petersons folkcs then - ij s Itm geven to the Bardgemen in reward - ij s Itm geven to good wief Lee in benevolence - iij s Itm geven to twelve torcheberers when the Maior went to meete the Queene's Ma* - - xiij s Itm paid for 3 dozen of torches then and a greate Lynke - - xxxvij 5 iiij d Itm paid to a poore man that helped to carry the staffe torches - - xij d Itm geven to the beadell for his paynes - - xij' 1 Itin spent on a supper uppon those that went to meete her Ma" e beinge of o r Assistant^ - - ... xlviij 5 vj d Itm geven to the maydes that dressed o r supper then &: to a poore man ij s Itm paid M r Hill 9 for his oppinion and paine taken aboute o r ordinance x.\ s I tin spent on some of the Assistance then that went w"' the M" - ij s Itm geven to Harbert 1 in benevolence - ... x ij d Itm geven to Jo Smyth in benevolence then xij d Itm geven them in benevolence at anoth' tyme - - ij s Itm geven to Tho. Tholmwood in benevolence by ord 1 ' ... x s Itin spent uppon the Committees when they mett about the ordinance vj s ix' 1 Itm spent the same nyghte at the bores head at supper when wee deliv'ed o r peticon to the queene .... x s iiij' 1 Itm spent the 13"' of Decemb' at the bell at Westm' at dinn' when the M' s went to deliv' the peticon to the queene - - xvj s vj' 1 Itm geven in benevolence to wydowe Barbor - xviij d Itm to wydowe Norton - xij d Itm to widowe Grew - - xij' 1 Itm to wydowe Powell - - - xij' 1 Itm to good wief Harris - - - xij' 1 Itm to John a Lee - .... x ij d Itm to Markes Cristofeyld - - xij d Itfii to John Smythe - - xij d Itin to Robert Harberte - - xviij' 1 Itin to Markf Cristefeyld - vj' 1 1 The Beadle. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. & Itiii to him at anoth' tyme- Itiii to wydow Barbor Itm geven to oth r poore at the hall - Itm geven more to wydow Barbo' Itm geven more to wydow Norton - - - - Itm geven more to John Smyth and Harbert by consent before Easter Itm geven more to wydowe Norton at anoth' tyme - Itm geven more to Markf Christofeyld Itm geven to wydowe Smythe - .... Itm geven more in benevolence to John a Lee - Itm geven to Robert Harbert in benevolence I tin geven to goodwyfe Norton in benevolence - Itm geven to wydowe Barber in benevolence Itm geven to John a Lees wief in benevolence - Itm geven more to Markes Crisfeyld in benevolence - Itm more geven to him at anoth' tyme - - Itm more to him at anoth' tyme Itm more geven to John a Lee in benevolence Itiii geven to John Smyth in his sicknes & towards his funerall - Itm geven Harbert in his sicknes & towardf his funerall - Itm geven to Harbertf wyef in her sicknes & towardf her funerall' - Itm geven to Harbertf Children in the tyme of their sicknes Itm geven to a poore man at the Hall in benevolence Itm geven to M r Johnson for fayre wrytinge of the peticon to the Queene - - Itm spent when the M' s went to Courte aboute the Companyes busines the xviij th of November - - - ... Itin geven then to a poore man Itm paid for o' Seates in Powles churchyard on the queenes daye Itin geven to the keeper of the Exchange for pullinge downe of Mountebankf billes- - .... Itm to M" Wilbraham M r of the Requestes for settinge downe the Queenes answere to o' peticon - Itiii geven in gratificacon to his Clark Itiii geven to M' Hilles for his advise uppon the same peticon - v 5 Vj" vj< xiiij' 1 xij" xij' 1 viij' 1 vj" xij 11 xij" xij' 1 xij' 1 xij' 1 xij" vj" xij" >r XX s X s vj^ X s Vj" Vj" V s iij" ij s vj d xij" x b X" 1 There was a great plague in the City this year — Harbert was the Company's Beadle. '-' Quack doctor's advertisements. 3 D jS6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Itffi spent uppon some of the Company that went w"' the M rs then Itm spent uppon M r Peck M r ffenton and oth' 5 w cl ' went to acquaint the Lo : Keper w"' her Ma tics answere to the said peticon - Itm paid to the Collect' 5 of the fiftenes Itm paid for ingroseinge of the breviat for the Lords - Itm paid to the Counsellors man for his paines I tin paid towardf the Butlers fee for the Anathomy - Itm paid for 2 bottelles of sack that the M rs sent for on the Maiors daye I tin paid to the Collectors for 4'" fifteenes for cleansinge of the towne dyche Itm paid to the Collecto' 5 of the kinges subsidie Itm spent by consent uppon a supper uppon those that rode to meete the kinge - - - iiij 1 ' Itm geven to the twelve wifelers then- Itm spent in p^secucon of Rea the mountiebank before the Lo : Maior Itm paid for a copie of the Kinges Commission and of Chauncery for the hearinge of peticiins p°ferred to his Ma ,,c Itm spent in wyne and cakes on the Election daye Itm for makinge cleane of the Hall then - Itm spent uppon a supper on the Election daye of the Assistants by consent - - xliij 5 Iteffi geven to wydowe Barbor in benevolence and for washinge & makinge cleane of the Lybrarye - V s vj d xiiij d ix b vj d iiij 5 '? Vj' 1 ij 5 yj" iij s iiij'' i'T iiij' 1 xvj s xvij b iiij' 1 j s xj d xij s iiij 5 xl 5 ij' ;ome totall of the Buyldinges & Repacons is Jomc totall of the rentes and Repacons togeth' is - L-'xlij" xiuj* vij" §01111; totall of all the money chardged and received within the tyme of this p°sent Accompt That is to saye uppon the foote of this Laste yeres Cxj 1 ' xij s ix d - Also by the handes of M r Edward Rodes second Governor xlvj 1 ' xv s viij d and by the handes of M r Thomas Martin youngest Governor Renter Cxv 1 ' xviij 5 w cl ' sev°all sommes beinge added togeth r doe amounte in the wholl to the somme of- CClxxiiij 1 ' vj s Some fofciTf of all the money disbursed and paid within the tyme of this p°nt Accompt That is to saye by the handes of M r Edward Rodes second Governor Lxxxix' 1 xij b iiij' 1 And by the handes of M r Thoihs Martin yongest Governor Cxlij" xiiij s vj d which said sev r, all soiiies beinge added togeth' doe amount in the wholl to the sonie of - - - J CCxlij" vj 1 xj d nij" nij" xij° 1 Ceiling and (qy.) flooring. - Tarting, i.e., dividing with a fence. The Standings which were placed in the Street for the Company's use on Lord Mayor's Day. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 391 §>o trcsfcfB uppon the foote of this p°nte Accompte besydcs the debt( J and » r ~ , , )• xxxvj" xix s vj' 1 Arrearages hereafter menconed the ' somme of . Then follows a list of arrearages of debts due from freemen and others for fines and quarterage unpaid, with which the year's account closes. The accounts for the ensuing years are very similar to the foregoing, and we shall now give sundry extracts of the more interesting items to be found in them. 1603-4. Itm spent uppon a dinn' in the hall when the Coronaeon of the Kinge was solempnized - - vij u iiij d Itm geven to the beadell for warninge certayne disobedient p^sons to the hall - - viij d Itm paid for o r seates in powles church yard when we prayed for the kynge iij s 1604-5. Among various fines received this year occur — Of Hughe ffell for not appearinge uppon summons - xij d Of Willffi Patrick for not appearinge uppon summons - - ij s Of Thomas Goodale for his fyne for not rydeinge w"' o r M' s to meet the Kingf Ma lic - - x s Of Nycholas Kellawaye for the Lyke offence - x s Of Robert Money for his fine for geveinge evell report of a Broth' of this Company - - V s Of John Udall for puttinge awaye his Appntice w"'out the M rs order - x s Of Abraham Renex for his fine for his absens from Lectures - - x s Of John Carre for his fine to this howse for his evill practize in Surgery V s Of Barker Browne for hanginge oute Basons on St. Peters daye - xij d In this and many subsequent years occur entries of io^. paid to the preacher of the sermon at St. Olave's, Silver Street, on Election day as well as is. to the Clerk of that church, and 6s. for herbs and flowers. 3$2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Item geven to the Beadell & Porter for serch for an hurt malefactor ij h This would be a criminal wounded in some affray and who it was suspected was concealed by a Surgeon to be cured of his wounds — an offence against one of the Company's by-laws. Item geven to the Beadell for his paynes for arrestinge Coates& Sebastian Item paid for 2 whippes for correction Item paid for 12 yardes of greene & white rybbin when o' M rs rode to meete his Ma tic ...... Item geven then to the Torch bearers to the Porter & for wannes" Item spent the same night uppon a supper uppon the Ryders & their wyves . - _ - Item geven the Coock at the Winmill then Item geven to John a Lee to buy him a shirt Item paid for mendeinge the hower glasse - Paid to o r Armorer for scowringe of o r Armor ----- Item paid for 3 vizors 1605-6. At this period the Court and Livery numbered together but fifty-nine persons. Item paid on the Lo : Maiors daye in the morninge for suger & Cloves for the Burnt wyne - - - iij s ij d Item pd for arrestinge of wydowe Ebbes an abuser of the Arte of Surgery ij s Item paid for his Matf picture by order of Court of Assistant^ - - iiij" iij' iiij d xiiij' 1 vj s xiij s vj d iij 1 ' xiij b x d v jd >f vj d xij d lvf vj d vj s 1606-7. Twelve of the Yeomanry were this year taken into the Livery, of whom eleven paid ,£5 each and the other £2. 1607-8. Fines were received : — Of Xpofer Stopforth for settinge upp shopp before he had served one yeare jorneyman --------- v js v iij d Item of Thomas Allen for wearinge a faulinge band in his Lyverye - xij d 1 Wands. nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 393 Falling bands (which are described in Planche's Cyclopedia of Costume) were considered by the Court an " excess of apparel," then rigorously suppressed. Thomas Allen, here referred to, was Warden 1 620-1-2, and was the first Master of Dulwich College. Item of Andrew Wheatley for waytinge in his Lyverye in a hatt and a faulinge band- - \'f Henry John Bushe presented an Apprentice. This is noted as being the earliest instance of a double Christian name in the Company's books. Item paid for 108 flemish ells of tapestrye the x.xvj"' of March at x s p° ell liiij" Item bought a pece of Blacke buckaram to make Coote for correction of Appf - - - xj s This coat (popularly known as the "bulbeggar") was a garment somewhat like a sack with apertures for the eyes and arms, which was put over the head and body of the person appointed to flog an unruly apprentice, who was thereby prevented from identifying his castigator. See more fully as to this in the amusing foot note on p. 423, Vol. I, of Herbert's Livery Companies. Item paid to Braye y e informer the xj"' of Maye for 9 informations' 9 fees xxx s for drawinge the 9 informations and inrowlinge xxij s vj' 1 for 4 subpenas viij* and the Barons hand iiij b vj' 1 - iij' 1 v s Item paid to the Joyners for the frames of the xxiiij chayres @ xxij' 1 a pece ij 1 ' iiij s Item payd for 8 muscovye skynnes the 2 of June at xij s vj' 1 a pece for the makinge of the chayres- v' Item payd for the frame of a chaire for the maister - vf Item payd to Blanye for makinge upp y c coate for correction of Apprentices - - ...... viij s Item paid to the uphoulster for making upp all the chayres and fynding some thingC to them as appeareth by his bill xix"' of June - vj 1 ' Item paid the xxx th of June for xix yardf of greene Kerseye for curtaines at 4 s vj d the yarde - - - iiij" V s vj' 1 Item paid for a fair wallenut tree table - - - viij 1 ' Item paid for a Clocke bought the second of August - - - v 1 ' ' Against persons practising Barbery or Surgery and not free of the Company. 3 e 394 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. The new room in the Bulwark, which formed the upper end of the Hall where the Master sat, was built at this period, the accounts containing many items of payment for Builders' work connected with that room. 1608-9. The rents received this year for the Company's property at Holborn Bridge, Conyhoop Lane, Walbrook, Tower Street, " Mugwell " Street, East Smithfield, Moorfields and Swan Alley amounted to ^130 ijs. 4.1/. Item paid to y e Shrife's officer for his attendaunce to carry Humphry Gorston & \V m Wright to the Counter ' ij s vj d Item paid to the Clarke for making cleane the hall - ij b Item for moing the grasse in y" backe yard & Cariing away- - xx d Item for weedinge y" Stone yard and making it cleane - xij d 1609-10. Item paid for seatf in Paules Church yarde on the daie of Cowries Conspiracye - - - iij s iiij d This day (5th August) was for some years observed in thanks- giving, to commemorate the escape of James I from assassination by the Earl of Gowrie (see Chambers' Book of Days, Vol. II, p. 178). Item gyven to a poore broosen boye - - - xij d Item paid to the mynister of Garlick hill church for reading service on my lord Mayors daye - ... ij> vj d Item paid for bread and beere for the Bargmen in the morning before wee went out - ..... . jjjj s Item paid to the Drummer and ffyfe - - xv s Item paid to the Cornettf - - ... X xxj s Item paid to M r of the Barge - - - - iij" Item gyven to the maydes where wee take boate - - ij b Item gyven to the sexton of the churche ... - xij d Item gyven that night to the Bargemen to drincke - - - ij s Item paid for drinck fetched to the Barge - - - - xvj d Item paid two Taverne Billf that daie - ij' 1 vij s ix d Item gyven to the Mayde of the howse by Consent - - - xij' 1 Item paid for Cakf and Roles - - - - iiij s ' Compter in Wood Street. iij s iiij d V s vj' 1 ij s yjd etc., was c/ltinals of the Barber-Surgeons. 395 Item paid for .1 Lanthome to hange out before the hall Gate Item paid for cuttinge of the vyne & for nayles and Lether - Item paid for a Roome to laye Gees goodes in and for Carryinge thereof the distresse to the hall and spent upon the Constable when I made The power of distraint for non-payment of fines, granted to the Company by their By-laws, the warrant was signed by the Master and executed by the Beadle, with the assistance of a constable. 161 2-13. Item paid for herbes at sev'all lymes on tewsdaies Courtf to strowe the house - xij' 1 Item paid the n"'daie of September 1612 for washinge of the pictures xxj s 1615-16. Laid out about obteyninge of the plate & follow- inge the Theves - - - - x u xix s iiij d An account of this robbery, and the apprehension and execution of the thieves, will be found on p. 208. 1616-17. For mending the great bible 161 7-18. Paid for Torches Ribbins & Whifrlers staves the xv"' of September when the masters went to mete the Kinge Gyven unto Thomas Shaw to release him out of Prison To Presson' in his last sicknes at severall tymes Gyven by order of Court to apparell Presson's sonne - Paid the rent of the Water - Paid unto Browne the Armorer for his yeares fee Paid for two spitt wheeles & mendinge the Jack Paid for a dore in East Smithfeild & mendinge the pryvie howse bords 16 1 8-19. Paid for sending childeren to virgynia This sum would not send out many children ; for a notice of the Virginia scheme see p. 121. Paid for our seatf on the daie of thankfgyveinge for the Recovery of his Ma ,ics Sicknes - - iij' iiij' 1 Paid for M r Aldermans Picture - - - iij ' This would be a portrait of Alderman Proby, Master in 161 5, and Lord Mayor in 1622. ' Preston was the Porter or Under Beadle. 3 E 2 vj d xix s iiij' 1 XXX s XX s xxij s XXX* xiif iiij' 1 xviij d X s vj' 1 if 396 c/liwals of the Barber-Surgeons. For a muskett furnished sent to Ireland xxiij s 1619-20. P' 1 for sendinge the childeren to virgynia - ij s 1620-21. Paid by precept towardf the disburseinge of the 5000" gyven to the Palsgrave ' - xxx 1 ' 162 1-2. Paid unto the Clarke of the Ironmongers for a Copie of the Irish accomptf & the Acquittaunce Paid for sendinge childeren to virgynia Item paid for three black Jackf of leather - P d for mendinge the Rapper of the hall gate 1622-3. Gyven by a Court of Assistant^ unto the Clarks maid towardf her marriage - - - ij' 1 Paid by consent for a noyse of Trumpetf on the Lord Maiors daie Sir Peter Proby was Lord Mayor this year. 1623-4. Received of the Companie of Ironmongers for the Irishe plantacon being o r p°t of the 5 division - xj' 1 vj u vj u XXV s ix b Vj" HE Recorder had a yearly "fee" of £6 in this and many subsequent years, most probably to secure his friendship towards the Company. In 1623 occurs the last entry of the Company keeping "Cowries day." 1625-6. Received of John Pinder for his comeinge into the Livery who hath byn once Warden of the Yeomanrye - xP Of Edward Charley for his comeinge into the Livery haveing not byn Warden of the V-eomanry - - - - v 1 ' Paid to Thomas Bourne a poore Scholler by order of Court iij' 1 Every year about this period is an entry for wooden Trenchers, generally a gross of them, and the cost about 6s. 1 Frederick V, Elector Palatine — son-in-law of James I. The initial letter T is reduced from one in the Audit Book, 1623-4. cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 3 97 There are also many entries for "boat hire"; whenever a journey was taken it seems to have nearly always been on the river, and only on rare occasions is horse hire mentioned. 1626-7. Given by order of Court amongst miserable poore people - - - xl b The cost of obtaining the Charter this year, as appears by the detailed account amounted to ^168 igs. 8c/. 1627-8. Paid unto to Mercer for Taffitaes to make the banners streamers and Ancient - - xviij 1 ' vj s viij' 1 Given the worke men that made the flaggs to drinck - - - ij> Paid M r Babb and M r Withers uppon consent for their painting the Auncient 2 Streamers 2 bannors and 10 bannorettf and the quarter for Scotland in the kingf armes and likewise for painting those flagg staves - - - xv' 1 Paid for silke and fringe for the flaggs to M' March in Cornhill - vij b vj d Given by consent to a poore souldier that shewed a Mandrake to this Courte - - V s The root of the mandrake is said to bear a resemblance to the human form, and the "poore souldier" was not disappointed when he thought that by laying such a professional curiosity before the Barber- Surgeons, he would receive a benevolence. Paid unto the Chamfalaine of London for the Kings use as by precept ccclx" Paid and disbursed for takeing downe and carryeing of King Henrye the 8 picture to White hall for the Kinge to see and bringeing it back and setting it up againe - - - xij s James I in 161 7 borrowed this picture, his letter demanding it is still at Barbers' Hall, and it would appear by this entry that his son Charles did the same ; the wonder is that we have still got it, after running two such risks. 1628-9. Paid M r Greene the Gouldsmith for the silver and makeing of 4 new Garland^ as p° bill - - - - xx 1 ' yp8 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ;;'i These Garlands, the most elegant in the City, are still worn by the Master and Wardens on Court days. ffor an hundred of sweete briers xiiij" for rosemary if violettf and strawberryes iiif and nayles ij' 1 - - - iif viij d Imagine sweetbriar with rosemary, violets, and strawberries in a garden in Monkwell Street in this present year of grace ! 1629-30. Given to M r Greenelmry painter for new amending M r fferebras picture and to his man for bringing it home- x b vj d Spent that day wee attended S r John Cooke secretarye of State as concerneing one Dupont a frenchmen recomended from the Lordf of the privey Councell to practise in the cure of the pockf - vij' Given to M r Secretary Cookes man upon the returne of o r answere to him of Duponts insufficiencye in the cureing the pockf ij : Given to Edward Downes a poor barbar by order of Court - x Given by order of Court to John Blackwell barbar toward^ his losse by fier at Wood streete corner - - xl Paid in December to the Gardner for 2 daies worke cuting and nayleing the vines - - ... Paid for a dozen of double woodbines and 25 sweete briers Paid to a woeman for 3 dayes weeding the gravell and Stone walke Paid to William Brice for 4 daies at ij 5 vj d - Paid to him for halfe a daye w ch he grumbled for 1 630- 1. In this year the trades of the masters binding ap- prentices are recorded, there being 48 barbers, 22 surgeons, 9 tailors, 5 diers, 1 drawer, 3 butchers, 1 merchant, 1 sempster, 1 grocer, 1 thridman, 1 brewer, 1 stocking seller, 1 sheeregrinder, and 26 un- classed ; these latter were most probably either barbers or surgeons. Given to Edward Pardoe and his wiefe lieing in prison - - x s Given to Marshall Petoe for his elegies on M r Banckf his funerall daie by order of Court - ... ... x * Petoe was a City poet who wrote a dirge upon Queen Elizabeth, and a few other not very cheerful compositions. if viij' 1 ix s iiij d if viif X s f iif cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. jgg 163 1-2. This year the Livery fines were raised, those who had served the office of warden of the Yeomanry paying £7 and all others ^10. Of the masters taking apprentices this year, 55 were barbers, 31 surgeons, 15 tailors, 8 dyers, 3 stocking sellers, 3 button makers, 1 button loope maker, 2 chaundlers, 1 sempster, 1 butcher, 1 carpenter, 1 bookbinder, 1 wheelwright, 1 glass seller, 1 grocer, 1 merchant, and 1 was unclassed. Paid for our Dynner the 14 th of June and other Expencf for those Assistant^ that attended the Lordf of the Councell when the Phisitians complayned to have obteyned the viewinge of o r Pacients in daunger of death Paid to a Smith for mending and refreshinge of the Clock - Paid for 8 fyrre poales to beare up the vynes Paid for Nayles and Prymeinge the Vynes - Paid for 3'' of plaster of parris - - ix d 1632-3. This year the sum of ^343 is. $d. was expended in the erection of a Gallery and a Granary over it in the Inner Stone Yard, the Granary being for the storage of the City corn. The details of all the expenses about this business are given and the following are a few extracts therefrom :— imprimis paid to Thomas Doorebarre Tymberman for a C of Deales at 7 1 ' 10 s the C and 18 Loadf and 27 foote of tymber at 36 s the Load as p° bill xl" xvf vj d Paid to the Tumor for turneing the 6 great Collumbs at 9 s a peece as p° bill - liiif Paid alsoe to the Turner for turneing 4 postf & 25 ballisters for the stayres as by bill - xvj s Paid to Thomas Stanley Mason for squareing and layeinge of 630 foote of old stone in the Gallerye the stone stepps to the Granary the Capitalls and pedistalls of stone in the fronte the 6 bases the large sonne dyall & the little dyall as p° bill - xl 1 ' xlvj' Vj' XV s »? viij' 1 »y viij' 1 400 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Paid to John Jeames Carver for Cuttinge the Companyes Amies in stonne - ...... . iiij 1 * Paid to Nathaniell Glover Uyall maker for paynting the great Sunne Dyall the Companyes Armes in Stone & layeinge in Oyle Collour the inscripcon of the M r and Wardens names the sume of - - iij" x s Paid to the Cittyes Bricklayer to viewe the foundacon of o' Bricke wall to the Granarye --------- jjjj s Paid to John ffowler Bricklayer for tyleing 9 ten foote squares & 1 quarter & tenn foote at 1 8 s a square & for 9 Roddf & 5 1 foote 1 o ynches of bricke worke at 6' 1 the Rodd & for 5 Rodd & 119 foote 9 ynches of the lower Bricke worke at 4" the Rodd cometh to - lxxxv" xiij s ij' 1 Paid to Thomas Aldridge Plasterer for 155 yardf of lyme & hayre layd on the Brick walls at 3 d ob ' the yard And for 312 yardC & 6 foote of lathed worke layd with lyme & haire at 9 d ob. the yard And for whiteing & sizeinge that worke w dl was more then the Bargaine As by bill appeareth --------- xvj 1 ' xviij 5 iiij d Paid to Edward Spencer Plumber for 52C 3 quarters and 1 pound of lead at 14 s the C 54 1 ' & a half of Sauder at 9'' the pound And for Plumbers worke & Carriage of the Lead as p° bill - - - xlj 1 ' iij s iiij d 1633-4. Given to Mondayes widow whoe p°sented a guift to this Courte The booke of The Surveigh of London beinge in folio - - - xxx s This was the widow of Anthony Munday, the author of many City pageants, and of the Edition of Stowe's Survey, which his widow " presented " to the Court in exchange for 30s. Given by order of the 29 Aprill to the Keepers of The xchaunge to put downe Mountabanck bills - - - x s These were quack surgeons' advertisements ; the Royal Exchange seems to have been a favourite place for their exhibition, as there are various other entries to a like effect. Paid to M r Treswell Harrold painter for the amendinge & paintinge of o r fflaggf that were torne and ruyned by the weather as p' bill - iiij 1 ' v s 1 ob. = ubolus, a halfpenny. aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 401 s corn." The following entries relate to the Company's "provision of Paid for a Bushell a halfe bushell a Peck and a lialfe peck measures and bringinge them to the hall - - xj s iij' 1 Paid for a Roape for the Jynn - vj s v' 1 Paid for a great Iron Beame & Scales to weyghe Corne - - xxvj s Paid for new Leaden waightf waighing CCC 1 ' viz 1 5 halfe hundrede waight 1 quartern 1 halfe quarterne 1 seaven pounde 1 foure pounde 1 twoe pounde 1 pound 1 halfe pound & 1 quarter of a pound waightf at 16 s 8 d p° C. comes to I s Paid for a Skreene for the Corne xj s Paid for a sacke for that Skreene iij s Payd for the Carryage of the great Skreene for Corne w cl ' the Companye did not like of - - - ij s vj' 1 Paid for twoe hand treys to sell meale by in y e m'ket - xvj' 1 Paid for a Ballattinge boxe & Bullettf - - xl s Disbursed in chargf about the 4 Condempned Lancashire woemen that were brought to o r Hall by the Kingf Comaiind to be searched the sume of x s vj' 1 These women were examined to ascertain if any were pregnant, that if so their execution might be stayed. 1634-5. Paid to S r Willin St. George Herrauld at his gen°all visitaton for the severell Companies Armes in London the sume of iij" vj 5 viij d as his ffee & xx s amongst his Clerkf - iiij" vj s viij The Company paid £\b " ship-money " this year. Paid to the Clocke Smith for mendinge the Clock iij* This entry is curious, being the transition name of a trade ; the blacksmiths were originally the clockmakers (see p. 399) ; here we have the " clock smith" and later on the " clock maker." The records obtained from the Guildhall and the Tower to which reference is made in the following extracts, and which are 3 f 402 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. preserved in a vellum book (still in the possession of the Company) were made by William Colet, here called " Colley." The record from the Tower has been already fully referred to on p. 29, etc. Paid for searchinge in the Threasury at Guildhall and for a Coppy of Richard le Barbars beinge chosen M r to governe the Companye for one yeare Intrat in Libro C. folio 96, and in the second yeare of Edward the Second Also in Libro H folio 73. Thomas Boyvell & Willm Osney sworne M rs for one yeare to rule the Company in the first yeare of Richard the second - x s Paid the ffee for search in the Roles in the Towre of London for the Companies antiquitye - X s Paid for a Coppy of o r Companies auncient Ordynances out of those Roles The Eleaventh of Richard the second xij s vj d Paid to M r Colley at twoe tymes for his extraordinary paynes in searchinge - - - x s Paid to M r Riley for his paynes there- - ij 5 vj' 1 Paid & given for a search & Coppye out of the Herrauldf Office of our Companies beinge the 17 th in precedency at their visitacon 1568 - x s Given to the Porter at the Herrauldf office that day o r hearinge was betwixt us and the Talloughchandlers - - if vj' 1 1635-6. Spent when M r Inigo Jones the Kinges Surveyor came to view the back ground. - xj s vj d Given to M r Mason that drew y c plotf for y c Theater - xl s 1636-7. In the previous year ^480 had been paid in respect of the building of the Anatomical Theatre and this year a further sum of ^242 1 ys. \d. This was exclusive of the cost of digging for the foundations which the Company did by their own labourers, whom they paid \bd. per day each. It was the practice of the Company to allow ea.ch workman engaged, whether labourers or mechanics, id. a day for " breakfast money," and this was paid to the "chandler" for them. Amongst the expenses incurred about the Theatre were these : — Spent by water at tymes when wee went to M r Surveigher (Inigo Jones) about the Theater - - vj s j l1 oAniials of the Barber-Surgeons. 40) Paid to M r Wilson a Mason to Measure Stanleys worke in the Theater & spent then - - - xiij s ix d Given to Robert Butler and John Pullen for their measureing the 'Theater - xl 5 The expenses connected with the Building of the New or Great Parlour, and the Gallery next the Theatre, were this year ,£263 Js. yd. Paid to widd Lucas for an iron money box for the M rs - xx s This quaint old box is still in use as the " Poor's box." 1 1637-8. The Wardens received ,£188 10s. orf. from 41 members of the Company by way of gift to the Building fund ; the names of the donors are all set out in the book. Reced for the old Rustic Armo' and Gunnes the some of- - if xvf ij d P d for Linckes & torches at the awdite day night & Lo : Maiors day night ij s iij d Paid for mendinge and pitchinge the 3 Blacke Jacks - - - - iij 5 The Company paid £30 being three years' contribution to the repair of St. Paul's, due August, 163S. ^224 os. 3c/. was also paid in respect of the building of the Theatre. 1638-9. 15Be charge and settinge upp o r bookes and auntient Manuscript in o r new Library. Paid for 36 yardf of chaine at 4 d the yard & 36 yards at 3 d ob. the yard cometh to - - - xxif vf Paid to the Coppersmith for castinge 80 brasses to fasten the Chaines to the bookes To porters at sev r 'all tymes to carry these bookf Paid to the bookebynders for new byndinge 15 bookf Paid for Claspinge 19 large & small bookf & fasteninge all the brasses to the iron chaines to Threescore & foure bookf in the Library, new bosses for two great bookf 8 s setting on old bosses j s mending ould Claspes if ------- xxxf viif Paid for makeinge Ringes swiffles & fittinge all the iron chaines - - xif g>om is vf xviif xiif iiif 'f xlviif vf See head piece to Chapter on " Charities." 3 F 2 404 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1639-40. Paid 2 fifteens towardf Midletons water' - vj s Given to the Recorders Clerke that the ffrenchmen might not take the body from Tyborne - - - - - ij b vj' 1 640- 1. Paid to the Tellers of the Exchequer in 8 h " 1640 for y c Kings use ----- 400 o o Paid and given to M r Davies man ij s and the water men and Porters to bring King Charles figure in Brasse to the hall - - 046 This Bust of the King was set up in the Theatre. 1 64 1 -2. There were seventy-three liverymen on the roll this year, and the Court numbered thirty-three in addition. Paid to Edward Cock Painter for mending the pictures & frames of Queene EH3. S r Peter Probye Sarjeant Balthrop and blacking Gilding Apollo - 120 pisDurscfc at the Kings enterteynem' in London the 25"' of November 1641. Paid for a peece of rich Taffitae to make a pendant - - - - o 18 o P' 1 for Greene Perpetuana for the 1 8 ffootemen - - -940 P' 1 for white lace to sett on those suites - - - 1 1 1 4 P' 1 for white and greene ribaning as by bill - - 3160 ~P A in the morning for buttred sack 8 s buns 3 s butter 3" ij s beere shall at the next Court bringe in his fine for usinge reprochefull wordes against the sayd Thompson And for that the sayd Sempers wyefe did assalt the sayd Thompson & brake his shop wyndowes. And that the sayd Semper shall deliv' such goodes as hee hath of the sayd Thompson before the next Court And that hee shall at the same Court geve the sayd Thompson satisfaccon for his wyndowes. 24th July, 1600. In the Controversie betwixt John Izard & Robert Steward it is ordered that the sayd Robert Steward shalbe comitted to the Compter for refusinge to paye his fine for supplantinge the sayd John Izards cure and for behavinge himselfe unreverendly before the M rs in the Court. nth September, 1600. This daie John Urvey complayned of Henry Bracye for arrestinge him before he had obtayned leave of the Maisters And it was thereuppon ordered that the said Henrye Bracye shoulde be warned to appeare before the Maisters at the nexte Courte and that he shoulde be commaunded from the Maisters to staie his suite till then. 17th September, 1600. This daie in the matter in controversi betwixte Henry Bracy and John Urvey It is ordered that the saide Henry Bracye shall not proceede any further in his suite but that the said John Urvey shall paie the debte of ffowerteene shillinges and twoe shillinges for his chardges by twoe shillinges wickelye till all be fully 1 Master 1597 and Serjeant Surgeon. - Warden 1594. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 429 satisfied and paide And uppon the payment thereof the said Bracye to make him a generall aequittaunce the firste payment to begine on Tewsdaie nexte, And the money to he paide to the M re of this Companye. 20th October, 1600. This daye it is ordered that John Urvey shalbe comitted to the Compter for not p°forminge his payments to Henry Bracy accordinge to the orders of this howse. 21st July, 1601. Where div s controversies hath bene betweene John Browne and Jenkin Marcrafte the endinge of w ch is by them of their mutuall assents referred to the M rs or Governors of this Company who aft r hereinge of their sev°all controversies & fyndeinge thereby that the wounde for w ch the money was to be paid to John Browne was reverted to his former state It is thought fit that the said Marcrafte shall paye to the said Browne prVtly ' the somme of xl s in full satisfaction of all debts duties and demaunds, w dl the said Browne accepted of and received the said somme accordingly. And whereas Lewis Atm r finished the Cure after it was reverted Therefore it was lykewise ordered that the said Marcrafte shall paye to him xx s for his paynes. 6th August, 1601. This daye John Ibatson and John Wyndet referred a controversie betwene them concerninge a debt of iiij 1 ' lent by the said Wyndet to the said Ibatson to the hereinge &: endinge of the M rs of this Company and gave the eyth' to the oth r 6 d to stande to their award so that they ended the same before the laste daye of Septemb r next w ch if they refuse to stand to, the refuser shall forfeyt x l! - 27th March, 1604. This daye Lycence is geven to Andrew Mathewe to sue Richard Tyler at the Covnon Lavve for the tenenr't wherein the said Tyler nowe dwelleth, for that Tyler refuseth to referre the heareinge & endinge of that controversie to the M' 3 of this Company. 1 6th October, 1610. In the Controv°sie between William Wright and one Harrington Itt is att this Court ordered that Harrington shall paie unto Wryght for and in respect of such rentes he doth owe unto Wright the some of xxx s imediate And like wise he shall mend such paynes of glasse as nowe by his necligence are broken in Wrightf wyndowes and soe all controv°sies between them are determyned. 24th September, 161 1. In the Controv°sey between ffrauncf Bilford of th°one p°te & John fflint on th°other p°te It is ordered that either of them shalbe bound unto th°other of them in 20 1 ' a peece to stand to the Award of M r John Gerard & M r Richard Mapes. 1 Presently, i.e. , at once. 4)0 c/innals of the Barber-Surgeons. ist October, 1611. At this Court forasmuch as John fflynt would not stand to the order of the M rs set down the last Court between him & ffrauncf Bilford the said Bilford hath leave to arrest the said fflynt. 22nd October, 161 1. In the Controv'sie between Dennis Davys on thPone p°te & John Person on thPother p'te It is ordered that they shall live quietlie togethers as brothers of one Company should doc and neither of them by him selfe or his servantf to gyve or move offence either by word or deed unto tfPother of them. It was not often that the good offices of the Court were unavail- ing in the settlement of disputes, but in the following case, in which the lady probably played a prominent part, the Masters seem to have been unable to settle the matter : — 1 2th July, 1614. In the complaint made by William Purkf and ffrauncis his wife against Greene, w ch beinge heard at this Court, the M rs could drawe them to noe quiet ende, all pities being verye obstinate. HERALDRY. HERE are numerous excellent examples of the Com- pany's Arms at the Hall. The records contain many beautiful drawings and emblazoned shields of arms, not only of the Company but of some of the Masters as well. One of the choicest specimens is the massive old carving beneath the semicircular canopy of the entrance doorway; this is dated 167 1, and is both bold and quaint ; long may it be preserved to the Barbers ! The carved coat of arms which formerly ornamented the stern of the Company's barge, and which is probably late 1 7th century work, has been carefully preserved, and may be always admired over the chimney piece in the Committee room. There is the large " tortershell " in the vestibule given by Mr. William Kings in 1645. The cloth on the Court table is artistically embroidered with the Arms of the Company and the City, the embroidered portions being part of the ancient barge cloth. There is a handsomely emblazoned coat of arms on the plan of the Company's property (presented by Mr. Charles John Shoppee), and a pretty little bit of old stained glass in the window on the first floor landing. The Company formerly possessed a great many banners, but these are unfortunately lost to us ; the one which 432 -Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. is placed behind the Master's chair is beautifully painted by Bishop of Doctors' Commons, and has at the back the inscription — Ex dono Sidney Young Misterii Barbitonsorum fratris amandi 1885. 145 1. In this year the original grant of arms was conferred, being simply the first quarter of our present achievement ; sable, a chevron between three fleams argent, the fleams being mediaeval lancets, though from their shape they have sometimes been thought to represent razors. This coat was borne by both the Barbers and their successors, the Barber-Surgeons, until the time of Elizabeth. The grant is as follows : — j?3e it knowen to all men that y Clarensew Kyng of Armes of the South Marche of Englond Consideryng the noble estate of the Cite of London by the name of Erie & Barons as in their ffirst Charter by scripture appereth *Wp— ^B ^M^y called mayre and aldermen and by good avya ^^^j| B^Kfl °f a " tne Mermen ar >d the noble citezenis of London that W^^T ^ ^L^ every alderman shuld have award by hymself to governe ^^^ ^^ and rule to the Worship of the cite and the maires power ev°y ^^ ^^^ ^^ alderman in his Ward with correccion of the mair beyng for ^f^^^^ the tyme and so notablie ordeyned to be custumed ev°y \jttw4CjL ^^J Craft clothing bo hem self to know o Craft from a nother ^B B^a ^r and also synes ol Armes in baner wyse to beer conveniently ^^^^^^ for the worship of the reame and the noble cite and so now late the Maisters of Barbory and Surgery within the craft of Barbours John Strugge Thomas Wyllote Hugh Herte & Thomas Waleys come & praying me Clarensewe Kyng of Armes to devise hem a conysauns & syne in fourme of armes under my seall of myn Armes that might be conveniently to ther Craft. And where y Clarensewe Kyng of Armes consideryng the gode disposicion of them y have devysed a Conysaunce in fourme of Armes that is to sey A felde sabull a cheveron bytwene iij flemys of silver the which syne of armes y Clarensew gyve the same conysaunce of Armes to the forsaid Crafte and none other Crafte in no wyse shall not bere the same, 'go the which witenesse of this wrytyng y sette my seal of myn armes & my syne manuall wreten atte London the xxix day of the monthe of September the xxx lh yere of the regne of oure soverayne lord Kyng Henry the Sixt. By Ci.aransew Kynge of armes. c/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 4)) 1492. In this year a cognizance, or possibly an informal grant of arms, was given to the Surgeons' Company ; this is depicted on the first leaf in the beautiful old vellum book of Ordinances at the Hall, the inscription under, stating that it was given to the Craft of Surgeons of London in the year 1492, at the going over the sea into France of Henry VII. {See the fac-simile at p. 69.) No other authority than the above statement is known for this coat, but in the grant to the Barber-Surgeons (1569) it is recited that Henry VIII granted the Company of Surgeons a cognizance "which is a spatter thereon a rose gules crowned golde for their warrant in fielde but no authoritie by warrant for the bearinge of the same in shilde as armes." The Herald in drawing the grant of 1569 probably accidentally put in the name of Henry VIII for that of Henry VII, the entry in our book being undoubtedly coeval with the circumstance. We here get the foundations of our present coat of arms ; the fleams representing the old Barber-Surgeons or Barbers, and the crowned rose and spatula the Surgeons proper, both of which were introduced into one shield in 1561, and quartered in 1569. On either side of the shield of the Surgeons' Arms stands a Saint habited as a doctor or physician, one of whom holds a medical vessel in his right hand, while the other has a box; of ointment and a spatula, indicative of their being professors of the healing art. These are the patron Saints of the Company, Cosmus and Damianus. Mrs. Jameson states that they — were two brothers, Arabians by birth but they dwelt in ^Ega;, a city of Cilicia. Their father having died while they were yet children, their pious mother Theodora, brought them up with all diligence, and in the practice of every Christian virtue. Their charity was so great, that not only they lived in the greatest abstinence, distributing their goods to the infirm and poor, but they studied medicine and surgery, that they might be able to prescribe for the sick, and relieve the sufferings of the wounded and infirm ; and the 3 K 434 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. blessing of God being on all their endeavours, they became the most learned and the most perfect physicians that the world had ever seen. They ministered to all who applied to them, whether rich or poor. Even to suffering animals they did not deny their aid, and they constantly refused all payment or recompense, exercising their art only for charity and for the love of God ; and thus they spent their days. In the cover of a Latin Bible, printed in 1470, I discovered some vellum padding, which on examination proved to be a MS. of Xlth century, consisting of part of a collection of the lives of the Saints, interspersed with prayers, etc., and which probably had been read in some Convent refectory during the hours of meals. This MS. is moreover curious, as those portions intended to be sung have certain signs affixed, known as " neumes," which, before the more modern method of musical notation was introduced, were employed to denote musical expression. An account of the martyrdom of Cosmo and Damian, together with their brothers, is here preserved, but as the original is in very contracted Latin, the following translation will, perhaps, better supply its place : — The souls of Cosmus and Damianus the Just are in the hands of God. There have moreover been crowned these five brothers Cosmus, Damianus, Antimeus, Leuntius and Eutrepius. Furthermore we beseech Thee, Almighty God, to grant that we, who com- memorate the nativities of thy Saints Cosmus and Damianus, may by their intercessions be delivered from all present and future evils. Amen. The blessed martyrs Cosmus Damianus, Antimeus, Leuntius and Eutrepius, were committed to prison by order of the governor ; and on the following day, the proconsul sitting on the judgment seat, caused an enormous fire to be made, and the above-named men to be led out of prison and cast into its midst. But on account of their prayers the fire lost its power over these saints. The governor was astounded, and the executioner, thinking that the circumstances which had happened with regard to the martyrs of God depended on their magical arts, ordered them to be again interrogated. But, when they remained firm with a cheerful and joyous countenance rendered more noble by torture, he ordered crosses to be made, and the martyrs, when stretched upon them, to be pelted with stones. Accordingly, when zAnnais of the Barber-Surgeons. 435 the blows recoiled on those that delivered them, the governor, inflamed with excessive rage, gave orders to attack them with arrows, so that at a less distance the steel might at least penetrate. But, although he had not been able to injure them in any way, many of those who discharged arrows and who stood near withdrew on account of the wounds that they received. For so is the testimony. Seeing accordingly that his ill will was overcome by Divine power, the governor ordered them to be mutilated with a sword. The blessed martyrs were put to death on the Twentieth day of September ; and their bodies were buried by devout men in a holy spot not far from the city of ACgae. Mrs. Jameson relates a legend somewhat similar to the above, and states that it was of great antiquity, being transplanted into Western Europe in the first ages of Christianity. The Emperor Justinian, having been recovered, as he supposed, from a dangerous illness by the intercession of these saints, erected a superb church in their honour. Among the Greeks they succeeded to the worship and attributes of ^Esculapius ; and from their disinterested refusal of all pay or reward, they are distinguished by the honourable title of Anargyres, which signifies moneyless, or without fees. These saints are commemorated on the 27th September, and all over Europe have ever been the patron saints of the Barbers and Surgeons ; they are. also the patrons of the Medici family, and as such they figure on the coins of Florence. 1540. In the bowl of the grace cup given by Henry VIII to the Barber- Surgeons, the arms of the Barbers impaling the Surgeons are cut, but this is merely the fancy of an engraver, and of later date than the cup. H2 436 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons, ioth July, 1 561. In the Heralds' College (I.C.B., No. ioi, 20) is a grant of arms by William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms, to the Barber-Surgeons, in which he grants and assigns unto them for an "augmentacon to ther old and aun- scint Armes (which is sables a chevrone between thre flumes argent) a chef paly argent & vert on a pale goles a lyon pas- sant regardant gold betwene two spatters argent a roze gewles crowned golde & to ther creast upon the healme an opinacus golde standing upon a wreath argent and sables manteled gewles dubled argent." 1565. This year, Harvey, Clarencieux, granted two supporters to the above arms, namely, "two lynxe in their proper Collor about there necks a crowne with a cheyne argent." BlSSIl 1IIG123 ^^^ t^lllil ^r ((QS ' /- w •< ^^^^«^s^? ~i^"^ j'rs^^ *VfcS^ mM t ^KtV pop \j/^\ iili llo mLM i ^^^r ^j 1568. This year, Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, Kings of Arms, ratified and confirmed the above arms, crest, and supporters, with the following variations, the arms to be borne quarterly, " the ffyrst sables a cheveron bytwyne iij flewmes argent, the second quarter per pale argent and vert on a spatter of the fyrst a Dobele oAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 437 rose gules and argent crowned or, over all on a crosse gules a lyon passant Regardant or." 1 2th June, 1569. The grant of Arms by Dethick, etc., is a beautifully artistic production, though, unfortunately, slightly damaged, and the seals are missing. In 1885 the Company had it reproduced in chromo-photography by Mr. William Griggs, whose work has been so skilfully executed that it is difficult to observe the least difference between the original and the copies. With this grant is the first appearance of a motto " De praescientia Dei." How this motto came to be chosen, or in what way it applies to the Barber-Surgeons, I am at a loss to point out. The following is the text of the grant. %o all and singuler aswell Kinges herehaultes and Officers of Amies, as nobles gentlemen and others to whome these presentes shall come be seene heard, read or understand Sir Gilbert Dethicke Knight alias Carter principall Kinge of Armes, Robert Cooke Esquire alias Clarencieulx kinge of Armes of the South partes of Englande, and Willm Flower Esquire alias Norroy kinge of Armes of the northe partes of Englande send greetinge in our lorde god everlastinge. For as much as aunciently from the bcginninge the valiaunt and vertuouse actes of excellent personnes have ben coinendid to the worlde and posterite with sondrey monumentes and remembrances of their good deseartes ; Emongest the which the chiefest and most usuall hath ben the bearinge of signes and tokens in shildes called Armes, beinge none other thinges then evidences and demon- stracions of prowesse and valoir diversly distributed accordinge to the qualytes and deseartes of the persons meritinge the same To tlfentent that such as have done coinendable service to their prince or countrey either in warre or peace, or other wyse by laudable and couragiouse entreprices or proceedinge of eny person or persons in th°augmentacion of the Estate or coition wealth of their realme or countrey might thereby receyve due honor in their lyves, and also deryve the same succesively to their successors and posteritie for ever. And wheras in this Citie of London thPexperience & practise of the science and facultie of Chirurgery is most requisite and daily to be exercysed & experimented for the preservacion of meny, & by thPoccasion of the practise thereof meny expert persons be brought up & experimented to the relief, succour, & helpe of an infinite nomber of persons. And for as much as within this Citie of London ther were two oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 439 severall copanyes, tlv'one by the name of Barbours Chirurgeons, and tbPother by the name of Chirurgeons onely : the Barbours Chirurgeons being incorporate & y e other not, & bothe occupyenge y e arte of Chirurgery wheruppon greate cotention did arise. And for y' it was most meete and necessary y' the sayd two copanyes shuld be united & made one hole body & so incorporated, to th°entent that by their union & often assembly togither, thPexercyse & knowledge of their science & mistery might appeere, as well in practise as in speculatio not onely to theim selfes, but to others under theim. So that it was thought most meete & covenient upon grave & greate cosideracion, to unyte & joyne y° sayd two copanyes in one : w ch was don as may appeere by an acte of parleament in alio xxxij of Henry theight w' these wordes " Be it enactid by the Kinge our souvereigne lorde & the lordes spirituall & temporall & the cofrions of y° same, that y e sayde two severall & distinct companies, that is to say bothe y e Barbours Surgeons, & the Sourgeons & every parson of theim beinge a fireman of either of y e sayde copanies after y e custome of the sayde citie of London, & their successors, from hencefoorthe immediatly be unyted & made one entier and whole body corporate, & one societie perpetual, which at all tymes heerafter shalbe called by y e name of Maisters & Governours of y e mistery & comunalty of Barbours & Surgeons of London for evermore, & by none other name." In consideracion whereof & for that it doth appeere a thinge most requisite for the unitinge of these two copanyes togither and for that thPoccupation of the Barbo rs Chirurgeons beinge incorporate hath since y e tyme of Kinge Henry the sixt used & boren Amies y' is to say Sables a cheveron betweene thre Flewmes argent w' 1 ' Armes wer unto theim assigned onely by the gifte & assignement of Clarencieulx Kinge of Armes, as by y e patent thereof doth & may more plainly appeere. And since y e unitinge of y c sayde two copanies these Armes of y c sayd corporation of Barbours Chirurgeons hath ben used & none other, yet notw'standinge y c late Kinge Henry th°eight of famouse memory assigned & gave unto y e company of y c Chirurgeons onely, a Cognoysance, w ch is a spatter, thereon a rose gules crowned golde, for their warrant in fielde, but no authoritie by warrant for the bearinge of the same in shilde as Armes. And for y' it pleased y e same Kinge Henry trPeight, not onely to unite & incorporate these two copanies togither by acte of parleament but also hath ratifyed & cofirmed the same by his letters patent^ under the greate seale of Englande & so lately cofirmed by y° Queenes Ma ,ie that now is. 1 And wheras Thomas Galle in the 3 yere of the Queene's Ma tics reigne that now is beinge Maister, Alexander Mason John Standon Robert Mudesley governors 1 This statement is incorrect. The Act of Parliament was passed in 1540, but was not confirmed by any letters patent of Henry VIII. We have no such charter or any reference to it, and moreover it is not on the Patent Rolls, where it would appear, had it ever existed ; furthermore Elizabeth's charter (in our possession) confirms Henry's charter of 1512 and not this pretended one. 44v -Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. of y c same corporation mistery & comunaltie of Barbours & Chirurgeons being desirouse to have some signes & tokens addid & augmented to tlvbld & auncient Armes of the Barbours Chirurgeons, not onely for a perpetuall memory as well of y° famouse prince Kinge Henry tfPeight their founder & patrone but also for a further declaration of y c unitinge of those two copanies togither did instantly require the late Clarencieulx Hervy to consider y c premisses & to shew his endevor therein. Who finding their request just and lawfull did graunt & give unto them by his letters patentes under his hand & seale bearinge date the x"' of July in the third yere of y" reigne of the queenes Ma ,ie that now is, an augmentac'on in chief to their olde & auncient Armes w"' heaulme & Creast to the same : which chief was paly argent & vert on a pale gules a lyon passant gardant golde betweene two spatters argent, on eche a double rose gules and argent crowned golde : and to their Creast on a torce silver and sables an Opinacus golde : Mantelled gules, doubled argent. And further in the tyme of Robert Balthrop Esquire serjeaunt of the Queenes Ma ties Chirurgeons then beinge Maister of the sayd mistery and comunalty of the Barbours & Chirurgeons and George Vaughan Richard Hughes & George Corron governours of the same corporation the sayd Clarencieulx Hervy did graunt unto the sayd corporation two supporters to those Armes before given them : which were two Linxe in their proper coulor, aboute their neckes a Crowne w' a chayne argent pendant therat : As by the sayde letters patentes more plainly doth appeere. Yet notwithstandinge for as much as it doth plainly appeere unto us the sayd Garter Clarencieulx & Norroy Kinges of Armes, that the aforesayd Amies in some respectes wer not onely contrary to the wordes of the corporation of the sayd Barbours and Chirurgeons but that also in the same patent of Armes ther ar sondrey other thinges contrary and not agreinge with the auncient lawes & rules of Armes : We the sayd Kinges of Armes by power & authorise to us cofriitted by Letters patent under the greate Seale of Englande, have confirmed given and graunted the forcsayd Armes Creast and Supporters heertofore mentioned, to be boren in maner and fourme heerafter specified. That is to say : Quarterly the first sables a cheveron betweene three Flewmes argent : the seconde quarter per pale argent and vert on a Spatter of the first, a double Rose gules and argent crowned golde : the third quarter as the seconde and the fourth as the first : Over all on a Crosse gules a lyon passant gardant golde : And to their Creast upon the heaulme on a Torce arget and sables an Opinacus golde : Mantelled gules doubled argent : Supported with two Linxe in their proper coulor about their neckes a crowne with a chayne argent pendent therat: As plainly appeerith depicted in this margent. Which Armes Creast and Supporters and every parte and parcell thereof, we the sayd Kinges of Armes have confirmed ratified given and graunted and by these presentes do ratify confirme give and graunt unto Richard cAiw.als of the Barber-Surgeons. 441 Tholnv.vood Maister of the sayd mistery and coffiunatie Nicholas Archenbolde Thomas Burston and John Fielde Governors of the sayd Corporation mistery and comunaltie of Barbours and Chirurgeons and to their successors by the name of Maister and Gouvernours, and to the whole Assistantes Company and fellowshippe of the sayd Corporation mistery and cofnunaltie of Barbours and Chirurgeons within this Citie of London and to their successors for evermore : And they the same to have, hold, use beare enjoy and shew forthe in shylde, seale, banner or banner rolles, standard or standardes, penon or penons, pencell or pencelles or otherwise to their honors and worshippes at all tymes and for ever heerafter at their, libertie and pleasure without the impediment let molestation or interruption of eny person or personnes, In witnesse wherof we the sayd Garter Clarencieulx & Norroy Kinges of Armcs have signed these presentes with our handes unto our several! scales of Amies, the second day of June In the yere of the nativitie of our Lorde Jesus Christ A thousande five hundred sixty nyne And in the eleventh yere of our most dread souvereigne Lady Elizabeth by the grace of god Queene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendor of the faithe &c. Gilbert Dethicke ats. garter principall Kinge of arms. Rob Cooke Alias Clarencieulx Roy Darmes. p'moy Wyllam fflower alias Norrey Roy Darmes. Entred approved & allowed in the visitation made 1634 Hen: St. George Richmond. It will be observed that this grant recites that it plainly appeared that the grant of 10th July, 1561, v/as [«.] contrary to the words of the Corporation {i.e., Incorporation) of the said Barbers and Surgeons, and [^.] contrary to and not agreeing with the ancient laws and rules of arms. With regard to the former assertion [a.] I take it that the grant being made to the " Master and Governors of the Corporation Mystery and Commonalty of Barbers and Surgeons " and not to the " Masters and Governors of the Mystery and Commonalty of Barbers and Surgeons of London" as they are styled in the Act 32 Hen. VIII, offended the precise Heralds of 1569, and that it was indeed a technical defect and contrary to the exact words of the incorporation. 3 l 442 cAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. As to the second point \b.~\ there cannot be any doubt but that Hervey committed a violation of one of the fundamental and most ancient laws of heraldry, viz., that colour must not be on colour (nor metal on metal). He gave the Company on their old sable field, a chief with gules and vert thereon ! This greatly shocked old Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, and enabled them, whilst recording the blunder of one of their predecessors, to extract a good fee from the Barber-Surgeons for a new grant. FEASTS. HERE is a wide-spread impression that the Livery Guilds exist principally for the purpose of feasting, and there are unscrupulous persons who do not hesitate to affirm that the Courts of the Companies act as fraudulent trustees, and are consenting parties to the malversation of trust and charity property, eating up money which it is audaciously pretended belongs to the " people of London." These statements have been assiduously put forth by a certain class of politicians whose acquaintance with the true details of the case must be absolutely nil, and who it is but reasonable to suppose, are willing to assume that the gentlemen who manage the affairs of the Companies are in the habit of acting as their traducers would do, had they but the opportunity. To any one conversant with the history and management of the Livery Guilds, these assertions are known to be false. Here and there, as in every concern in life, improprieties and errors in judgment may have occurred, but it is confidently asserted, and capable of proof, that no charitable or trust funds suffer from 3 L 2 444 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. feasting ; indeed, on the contrary, the practice has obtained for centuries, with but few exceptions, for the members of the guilds to themselves supply the funds which are spent upon their enter- tainment, and for the surplus accumulations of these funds to be applied to the augmentation of charities and trusts. It has certainly been so in the Barber-Surgeons' Company, and for a long period the calls upon the Livery for feasting purposes (when the custom was to nominate Stewards in rotation) were a severe strain upon the members, and occasioned great irritation and ill-feeling. The earliest practice in the Companies would appear to be that the Livery and their wives attending the feasts, paid a stipulated sum per head, and we know this by our records to have been so in our Company long before the time of Richard II. This custom was altered in later times, and we find that certain appointed enter- tainments were given on fixed days, to which all members were invited, and which were paid for by fines laid down upon admission to the freedom, and further fines on going on to the Livery and Court. In addition to this, each Liveryman had, in his turn, to serve " the office of Steward," that is, to join with four or five others in providing the costs of certain dinners. 1 The fees on admission into the Companies are greatly in excess of the ancient ones, and it is mainly from this source of revenue that the expenses of the feasts are now defrayed. It is so in the Barbers' Company, but, if at any time these funds have temporarily been found insufficient for the purpose, they have been supplemented from a property, which is in no sense a Charity Estate, or subject to any trust whatsoever. 1 The office of Steward is not now served, but each Liveryman on admission pays a special fine of fifteen guineas in lieu, which is applied towards the cost of the entertainments. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 445 There have been and are, good men of business on the Courts, and by prudent investments of surplus funds derived from fees, fines, etc., a property has been created, which is exclusively their very own to deal with as they please. We have, amongst many others, the opinion of Lord Chancellor Selborne very decisively to this effect, and also one, which by the traducers of the Companies ought to be respected, for it is that of Sir Horace Davey, O.C., who was consulted by the Livery Companies' Commission — a Commission notoriously hostile to the guilds. Sir H. Davey stated that they would " not be justified in recommending that the corporate property of the Companies should be taken from them by the State." He further reported that, such an act "would be an act of confiscation, and would not unreasonably shake the confidence of the owners of property in the security of the rights of property. It must be remembered that the Estates of these Companies have been recognised, and held by the Courts of Law, to be as much their property with a full right of disposition, as the property of individuals." Truly, the Commissioners must have said to their legal adviser as Balak of old said to Baalam, " I took thee to curse mine enemies, and behold thou hast blessed them altogether ! " It is a pleasing characteristic of all true Englishmen that they love to meet together around a festive board ; while their hospitality in inviting their friends, or the eminent and great in all sections of society to partake with them has happily not gone out of fashion, and, spite of the sour critics of the guilds, we fervently trust that it never may. 1388. In the return to a writ, 12th Richard II, the Masters of the Barbers certified, amongst other matters, that it was their practice " once a year to assemble to feast," and that they had an ordinance by which none of the brotherhood were to pay more than \/\d. each towards the feast. 446 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ioth May, 1435. Among the Ordinances of the Surgeons was one that each member was to " paie 3eerli to the dyner of the craft that is to seie oonys a3eer on the dai of Seint luke ech man lich mich whethir he be p sent or absent," i.e., once a year on St. Luke's day each man was to pay like much whether present or absent. 28th September, 1503. It was ordained that every member attending the dinner the day on which the Wardens were presented to the Lord Mayor was to pay 2od., and if he brought his wife with him, then 2s. The Barber-Surgeons from the earliest times appear to have entertained the ladies at certain feasts, and their unique toast " The Good Wives, Merry Maids and Buxom Widows of the Worshipful Company of Barbers " is traditionally said to have had its origin in Elizabeth's time. 14th May, 1530. The following is amongst the ordinances signed by Sir Thomas More at this date — And where of olde Custume yerely upon the Sondaye next ensuyng the ffeaste of Seynt Bartholomew the appostell 1 a dyner is kept and provyded for theym of the lyvery of the said Company in their Comen halle called Barbers hale And on the daye of saynt Cosme & Damian - yf it be not on the saterday a dyn° for them of the same compani owt of the lyverey It is ordeyned and enacted that ev y man that hathe been upper maister or upper GovVior of the said Company shall paye at and for the same dyner xij d for hymselff and viij' 1 for his wyffe yff she come. And ev°y other man beying of the lyverey of the same Company shall paye in likewyse for hym selffe viij' 1 and for his wyffe yff she come liy 4 Provided alwaye that the maisters or Gov°nors of the said Company for the tyme beyng shall paye nothing for their wyfff comyng to the dyner for that yere fforasmoche as their Wyfff must of necessitte be theire to helpe that ev°y thyng theire be sett in ordre. And that ev°y man of the said Company beyng owt of the lyverey shall pay at and for his dyner on the said morowe viij' 1 and for his wyffe yff she come iiij d ' 1 24th August. '-' 2;th September. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 44J 8th July, 1552. The earliest entry in the Court Minutes on this subject is a doleful one, for it was ordered " That there shalbe nodynner kept this yere." 19th September, 1552. William Bette was appointed "Cooke for the Hall," and Steven Reede the " Butler." John Edwards (a Freeman) was to supply the flowers on the feast days. 28th July, 1555. It was ordered that the Masters should have a yearly allowance of £7 for the Election dinner, and that none should be at the dinner but Liverymen. 22nd July, 1556. This allowance was increased to ,£13 6s. 8d. 20th February, 1567. Henry Smith, yeoman to Lord Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was admitted to the freedom, and because he had been frankly and freely admitted to the freedom of the City at the suit of the Duke of Norfolk, the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Leicester, he paid nothing but 3.9. zp/., and zp/. for entering his name — but the same daye the saide Henry Smythe gave the M r & goy'iio" and assystenP a dynar at his owne p°pr coste & charges franckely and gratefully and also he hath forder more p°mysed and graunted to geve one boock 1 of season to serve at the dynar upon the daye of the Electyon. 28th July, 1593. No greate dyner was agreed upon but a smale repast w' h the allowance of xl s and nether wemen nor children to come to o r hall upon the daie of the newe ellecion. 25th August, 1600. There having been abuses at the feasts, an order was made for their reformation which stated — that the bodye of this Company hath susteyned much disparagement by reason that some of the livery and others noe white at all respectinge the worshipp of this Company have not onely by themselves but alsoe by their servants and apprentices 1 Buck. 448 o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. disfurnished the tables att ffeastes whereat they have sitten to pleasure their private frendes contrary to all modestie and good government. Doe therefore order for reformacon thereof by the aucthoritye aforesaid That noe p°son of the Lyvery of this Companye beinge not of the Assistaunce of the same, shall not att any tyme hereafter suffer any of his children frendes servants or apprentices to staye or attende uppon him or his wiefe att any ffeaste to be kepte in the saide Comon Hall [tender a penalty of 6s. &/.]. An order was also made that no Assistant should have more than one servant or apprentice to attend upon him and his wife at any feast. 2 1 st January, 1601. Whereas by the death of Robert Gray late Cooke to this Company the house was unfurnished of a Cooke to serve the said mistery And therefore divers Cookes became this daie shewters to this Courte for the place of the said Robert Gray beinge then voyd, yet notwithstandinge forasmuch as Margaret Grey wiefe to the said Robert Grey became an humble Suter to the said Courte for the same place, it was ordered by the whole consente of this Courte That the said Margcret Grey be admitted Cooke to this Company duringe the tyme she shall well and honestlie and sufficientlie behave her selfe therin And she to receave such fee and salary therefore as at any tyme heretofore hath beene graunted to the said Robert Grey Provided alhvaies that she finde all vessells belongeinge to a Cooke And that she execute the said place by a sufficient deputy beinge such a p°sonn as the M rc of this Company for the tyme beinge shall like well of and shall thinke fitt. Margery, however, does not seem to have " honestlie and sufficientlie behaved her selfe," for as appears by an entry — 6th May, 1602. This daye Margery Grey late wyef to Robert Grey was dismissed from being any more Coocke to this Company for speciall causes to the M rs best knowen. The Plague was raging severely in London in 1603, and the following precept was addressed to the Company, who however seem to have disregarded it, as the Election and Audit dinners were held this year. It is only fair, however, to state that the Court disbursed considerable sums of money amongst the poor stricken people. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 44c) 13th April, 1603. By the Maior. To The M r and Wardens Whereas I and my Brethen th°aldren duely consideringe of the Company of w" 1 our seve had, the present infeccon of this Cittie Harbor Surgeons. ; liberties and Suburbs & the greate multitud of poore people w ch by reason of the said infeccSn have theire howsees shut upp and restrayned as well from goeinge abroad as theire daylie trads and labors wherew" 1 theie were accustomed to mayntaine themselves theire wieves and families and doe at this p^sent by reason thereof endure greate wante and extremities Have thought fitt that all publique feastinge and coinen dinners at every the severill Halles and ComPn metings of corporacon and Companies w"'in this Cittie shall duringe the tyme of gods visitacon amoge us be wholely forborne and left of. And that one third parte of the chardge and expenses intended to be bestowed and spent uppon the said feastinges and dinners shalbe whoelie bestowed and geven for and towardes the reliefe of the most miserable poore and needie p°sons whose howse it shall please almighty god to visit Theis therefore in all xpian Charitie shalbe to praie and desire you y" you take p°nte order that from hencefort & duringe this p°nte infeccon you wholely forbeare to keape any Comen feastinge or dinners at youre Hall orells wheare for the like purposes And that you take pn°te order w lh the Wardens of youre Companye and all such other of youre Company as should be at any chardge or yeald any contraBn' to any Comen feastes and Dinners for youre Companie duringe the same tyme to paie and contrabute one thirde parte thereof in readie money to some one honest and discrete person of your Companie whom you shall appoynte to receave the said some of money and to paie it ov° to one Robert fflecton Groc° noiated and appoynted by mee & my Brethen the aldren to be receaved from the Companies of such somes of money. All w ch somes of money shalbe from tyme to tyme wholelie and truelie distributed by order of mee and my Bretheren the aldren amongst the most nedie and poore infected p n sons Yeoven at Guildhall this thirteenth daie of Aprill 1603. Sebrightt. 6th January, 1609. This daye it is ordered that none of the officers wyves shall at any tyme hereafter followe the M rs to places where they dyne w"'out the M re consentf uppon payne of the M rs displeasures. 1609. The dinners were usually held on Election and Audit days, on Lord Mayor's day, and after all public dissections, besides Committee dinners (which usually were at taverns), and this year it was ordered that a dinner was to be held on " Gunpowder Day." 1 Contribution. 3 M 450 zA 'finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 1 st August, 1 609. This day it was ordered that from henceforth all such as are of the Livery should give toward^ the charge of the musicke on the Election day vj rt a peice which they then begun and confirmed. The reason of the next order was, that in consequence of the poverty of the Company at this time, the usual allowance of £8 made by the Court towards the Mayor's feast, could not be granted. 2nd October, 1610. At this Court Richard Cade & Richard Coop whoe are appoynted for Steward^ of the Mayors ffeast are contented at theire owne chardgf to provide and make the same ffeast as fully as formf'ly y' hath been, only this their provision for their quantitie of their messes are not to be soe many for that noe wyves nor guestC are to be bydden or brought to the same ffeast. 1 8th September, 161 1. Att this Court Sebright the Cook is dismissed from his place of beinge Cook to this howse as well for that he did dresse their last dynner very badlie as for his ill usage in speeches towardC the maisters wyves and for dyv°se other abuses by him heretofore committed. 2nd July, 1612. At this Court our M r & M r Warden Johnson moving this Court that the Barbors as well as the Surgeons might be bedden to the dynn°s that are keept at the examinacon of surgeons whereupon it was at this Court ordered & agreed that as many of the Auntient M re & gov'no' 5 being barbo' 5 should & shalbe bidde unto every such dynner as there shalbe Surgeons beinge examiners at ev'y such dynner. 2 1 st January, 161 3. It was ordered that the Master and Wardens, with four of the Ancient Masters, should for the " worship & credytt of this Company," yearly go and visit the Lord Mayor at dinner, and that 2C\r. each should be allowed them for their " charges" of the same. This allowance of 20s. each was probably given to some officer of the Lord Mayor to secure his favour towards the Company. 6th February, 161 3. An order was made that at the dinner after any private anatomy, any of the Livery, either I5arbers or Surgeons, might come thereto on payment of 12c/. each. 1 6th September, 161 3. This daie it is thought fitt & ordered that the widdowes of this company \v ch doe paie their quarterage shalbe bidden to the ffeast^ in the hall. o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 451 14th October, 1613. Att this Court it is ordered that such widdowes as have been masters wyves and doe keepe shoppes or bynd apprPtices shall paye their quarteradge but for such as doe neither keepe shoppes nor bynd appn^ticf they shall not paye any quarteradge And yet not\v"'standinge they shalbe bydden to the feastf 3 yerelie. 24th May, 1 6 14. Whereas this Company hath receaved a preceptt from the lord Mayor of this citty forbidding thereby all superfluitie & excesse of Dyet at the ffeastf of this company and thereby injoyning that such feastf as accustomably have been made & provided by this Company shalbe hereafter keept more sparingly & frugally then in former tymes they have, Wherefore it is ordered that there shalbe keept & made on the ellection daie this yere ensuing a smale ellection dynner according to the tenor of the said precept. 25th August, 1 6 14. The above precept soon being forgotten it was this day ordered — that there shalbe kept an Auditt dynner in such manner & forme as formerlie in other yeares have byn accustomed. And such allowance as formerlie hath byn allowde is to be paid by the howse. 10th July, 1615. At this Court it is ordered that the Cooke shalbe removed & displaced from his place of beinge Cooke of this Companie not onely for that he hath abused and wronged manie who have byn M re & Steward^ of the feastf in unsemelie wordf but for a generall dislike taken against him by this howse & for not p°forminge his office in such sorte as is right he shold & ought to doe. 1624. The funds being very low this year the Court held no election dinner, but regaled themselves with cakes and wine, and the following order was made for the Yeomanry : — 2nd September, 1624. This Court being moved whether the yeomanry of y a Compa. should hould any election dinner or noe. It is for the reason then shewne expressely ordered with a generall consent that the yeomanry shall onely keepe their Election as this Court lately did onely with Cakes and wyne and neither feast musick or sermon to be had at that time. 20th July, 1625. This daye the letter directed to this Companye from my lord Maio r of London in effect tending the prohibiting of publicke feastingf in our Hall and the contributeing of those moneys that should be saved thereby the one halfe to be paid unto the chamber of London and the other halfe to the poore of our Companie, so hereupon it is ordered by this Courte y' Ten poundf shalbe distributed to the poore 3 M 2 452 a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of this Companie at the discretion of the present M' s & noe money at all to be paid into the Chamber of London. ioth July, 1628. This daye our M r propounding to this Court whether there should be a greate Election dinner or a small dinner or onely Cakes and wine upon the next Election daye for choise of new M rs , whereupon by most voyces it was ordered that there should be a greate Election dinner held this yeare and the allowance of xx 1 ' towardf that charge to be defrayed. 28th January, 1631. This Court being informed of Swinncrtons abusive and naughtie pewter from tymc to tyme brought to serve this Hall at feastf doe dismisse him from serving that place any longer. 20th September, 1632. It is ordered by this Court that the Twoe Governo rs that are Surgians shalbe at the charge and give the venison that shalbe used at their solepiie' feasts and those twoe Governo' 5 Surgians and the other twoe Governo ra Barbars to paye joynetly & sev°ally share and share like amongst them 4 the charge for fees and fetching the venison soe to be brought to o r Hall. 8th March, 1637. Whereas the Lord Windsor & S r Tho. Bludder brothers of this Company were invited to dine here when M r Die made his dinner that the fare was enlarged. It is ordered that that addicon of fare amounting to 50 s shalbe allowed out of the stock. 6th April, 1638. Whereas the Companie intendeth to invite the Lords of y e privye Counsell & other Lords &: p n sons of state at the dedicacon of the Theater & first anatomicall publiqe opacons" there It is ordered by this Court & theis p°sons following were appointed to give their attendance in the Hall upper priors & Theater at the enterteynment of the lords on mondaye next viz' Edward Charley Edward ffleete Henry Eaton Hen : Wateson Edward Arris Hen : Boone are appointed & have promised to attend on the Lords in Liverye Thomas Allen John Dorrell gownes to carry up the Lords diett Lawrence Lowe John Lufkin & attend them at dinner. Thomas Turner John Perkins J M r Wateson to be Gentleman Sewer. Thomas Browne to be Husher of the Hall. John Perkins to be Groome of the Lords Chamber. John ffoster to be Groome of the Hall. 1 Solemn. - Operations. ^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons. 453 Nathan: fibster beadle to be attendant at the outer streete gate with a white staffe in his hand. Also M r Joseph Coop the Princes Cooke is desired to p°vide messe of meate for the Lordf diett in y° greate p^lor. The following expenses of this Entertainment are extracted from the Great Audit Book, the first item being probably a Committee dinner to settle details with Mr. Cooper, the King's Cook. 1638. Paid by consent for a Dinner at the Dragon in Cheape 6 Aprill for the Companie and the princes Cooke if ij s iiij d The Entertainment and Dyninge of the Lords of the Councell in our great parlour at the publique anatomye. paid to the Butler for Lynnen and plate & Attendauce v 1 ' paid to the Pewterer for hire of Pewter then v 1 ' Given to M r Cooper the Princes Cooke that dressed the Lords dynner v" paid to two Upholsters for the hier of stooles and chaire - xl s paid to the Vinctner for wine then - - viij" iij s paid to the princes Cooke for soe much disbursed by him for the Lords diett as to the Butcher Poulterer hearbewoomen fruiterer Grocer fishmonger and Under Cookes as by bill appeareth the some of ---------- - lviij" viij s paid to Stacke for a bushell of flower xj s vj d and 2 dozen of stale bread ij s - - xiij s vj' 1 paid for faggottf and Charcoales as by bill xxvj s vj d paid for stronge beare and six shillings beere by bill xxxv s and for carryinge in j s iiij d - - xxxvj* iiij d paid for hire of Venice glasses and pottf &c and for those pottf and glasses that were broaken - - - - - xxxiiij 5 paid for 4" of double refined sugar - ... v iij s iiij d paid for 3 dossen of french bread - - - - - iij s paid to the Waterman and Porter that brought the beere in Bottles from the Lord Chamberlaines - - - V s paid for the hier of two Close stooles - - vj s viij d paid to the porter that brought a dozen of silver dishes from the Lord of Hollands - xviij d 454 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. paid to Tryman Payne his Scullery man - - Vf vj' 1 paid to John Bluddcr of the Kings Wardrobe for bringinge and hanginge the great Parlour w" 1 Tapestry - ... X x s To John Bare my Lord Chamberlaynes Pantryman - x s And to one of his Scullery men ... - x s And to the Lady of Devonshires man that brought the silver dishes - v s Paid for bread when the Lords dined there - - - xij s Sumrn. lxxxxiij' 1 v s iiij ;;;; d 20th June, 1638. Upon the complaint of the losse of a silver spoone the last dinner in the Hall and diver other times napkins & pewter dishes this Court doth order that when dinner goes in, the outer Wickett doore shalbe alwayes locked & the key thereof brought in and layed by o r M r for the time being till dinner be ended & the plate naperye & dishes gathered up & soe discharged. The next entry would seem to indicate that some previous gift for the purchase of books had unhappily been diverted into a wrong channel. 2nd March, 1640. £6 given by Mistress Napkin & Mistriss Eaton is absolutely ordered to buy bookes & not disbursed or dispended in Drinking. The following circumstance is significant, as exactly one hundred years later the separation which Mr. Foster desired, and for which he got into trouble, became an accomplished fact. 6th November, 1645. Mr. Ralph Foster was complained of for refusing to make his dinner to the Court on his election as an Assistant, and he thereupon uttered certain speeches "tending to the separation of the Barbers from the Surgeons," for which he was reprimanded, whereupon he promised to make his dinner and to say no more about disunion. 23rd October, 1649. Upon reading the precept requiring the Livery to attend the Lord Mayor Elect to Westminster in their Barge, it was ordered that the Livery should be warned to perform oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 455 that service in accordance with old custom, and "that there be a ffeast at the Hall on that day for the said Livery, But in respect of the hardnes and troubles of the times this Court doth consent that there be noe second course and noe Woeman at the same ffeast." Among the Company's archives are four books containing many details of the feasts held between the years 1676 and 1790. They appear to have been kept by the various cooks, probably under the direction of the Clerk, and the following gleanings from them will be found to be replete with interest. The first entry is as follows — July y e 4 th 1676 for barber sirgons hall Cortt diner. Leag of mutton boyld S r Loyne of befe Shoulder of Venison ffor a Leag of Mutton ffor a Sirloyne of befe ffor a Shoulder of venison 3 chickins 3 rabets - 8 harty chockes ffrut fyring 3 pound of butter veniger - peper & other spice - oyle & salt Gallindine 4 Colliflouers - ffor dressing Diner - Sallet Neack of Mutton 3 Chickens 3 Rabets 8 harty Chockes for 2 dishes 2 small Dishes of frut 4$6 ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons. July y e 27 th 1676 ffor y e Asestance & lhar wivfes att barbar sirgons ffor 5 Dishis of Chickins & Backon & Colliflours boyld ffor a side of venison - ffor 3 Sir Loynes of befe - - - ffor 1 fore rebb for breackfast --------- ffor a neack of vele &: muton - ffor 3 Grand Sallets ------ ffor puting 3 peces of venison in past ....... ffor 3 Dishis of geses 2 in a dish - - ------ ffor 3 made Dishis & 18 Chescaks - - ffor 3 Dishis of Turkes & sas 1 2 in a dish - ... ffor 3 Lumbard pyes- - - ffor 4 Dishis of Toung & udders - - ffor 3 Custtords - - ffor a firckin of Sturjon - ffor 4 Dishis of Chickins & pigons - - - ffor y° use of putter - - - ...--- ffor wood and coles - - ----- ffor 3 Dishis of Tarts ffor 3 Dishis of oringes & lemonds - - - - ffor a small dish of frute - - - ffor worckmen & labarars and my owne paines - - . 3 Dishis of frut - - - ti. s. d. 2 10 I 4 I 10 O 8 O 7 O 12 I 4 O 18 O 15 O 18 I 4 I 4 O 12 2 I 4 I 12 I 1 O 7 6 O 2 6 I 20 13 The monthly dinners were very much after the foregoing Bill of fare, and the following extracts of some of the more interesting items are taken at random. October, 1676. ffor 2 piges 3 - - 070 2 pullets rostted with saseges & oystters - - 050 ffor 3 Gallions of oysters - - 140 ffor 18 lb. of medling backon 012 o ffor 8 lb. of lardin backon - ° 5 4 1 Turkeys and sauce. '" Pewter. 3 Pigs. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 45J The dinner on Lord Mayor's Day, 1676, cost £26 6s. \d., this was exclusive of wine. The "buttered ale" on this occasion was compounded as follows — ■ 1 C of Eages 1 & 8 Gallions of Ale - o 5 4 2 lb. of butter - -012 8 lb. of sugar - .... 040 1 ounce of nuttmages - - - - 005 o 10 1 1 December, 1676. ffor4Duckes- 048 January, 1677. ffor 1 quart of oyle - 020 January, 1677. ffor 2 quarts of venigar - 010 March, 1677. A quarttern of Smelts - 020 18 vvhitting - o i 6 a Jegett of mutton - 046 6 capons- - 0130 9 chickins - 0120 9 Rabets - 060 7 Lobstars - 094 a side of Lamb - -056 ffor Lorell flouers & fenell- - - 006 ffor flouer spice & Anchoves - - 016 May, 1677. ffor 2 Calfes heads - -060 ffor 4 hundreds of sparagar - o 3 4 ffor 3 wasfalia names - 100 Cucumbers under the designation of "cockinbers" and some- times "cowcombers," together with sorell, barbery, " samfer," "lorell flouers," capers, anchovies, oranges and lemons, " gallindene," "carberys," horse reddish, parsley, "red cabbeg," etc., frequently occur at this period as being used for garnishes and in the preparation of the dinners. ' Eggs. 3 N 458 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. March, 1678. ffor a Hole fresh Cod - o 14 ffor 1 2 teale and 3 docks' - o 1 5 ffor 4 quartes of oysters - - 08 ffor 3 dishis of pipins & Caraways - o 4 May, 1678. ffor 7 Grene geese - o 19 July, 1678. ffor 4 Battelia pyes - 2 8 September, 1678. ffor a Maria puding o 4 October, 1678. a dish of florindines - o 6 The staple dishes about this Westphalia hams. Sirloins of beef. Necks of veal and mutton. Boiled legs of pork. " Midlin " bacon. Tongues and udders. Dishes of Pigeons. Dishes of Turkeys. Sturgeon. Ling. Dishes of tarts. Apple pie. Custards. Mince pies. Grand salads. Sparagrasse. Sprouts. Colliflowers. period were — Venison pasties. Ribs of beef. Rabbits. Capons and sausages. Pullets and oysters. Geese. " Lumber" pies. " Tansies." Cod. Eel pies. " Maid dishes." Dishes of fruit. Almond florandines. Oranges and lemons. French benes. Spinidge. Turnops. Hartychockes. The pudding now so well known at Barbers' Hall as " Barbers' pudding," was originally " Maria pudding," then " mara," later on Ducks. a/1 una Is of the Barber-Surgeons. 459 spelt "nlaro," and finally "marrow pudding," by which latter designation it is often now called. September, 16S4. ffor 8 oringes - 018 Poultry seems to have been cheap, as for the election dinner in this year — 7 Geese were bought for - 146 16 Turkeys ,, 1 14 8 39 Chickens ,, 1 19 o 90 Pigeons ,, ,, 163 The allowance to the " musick " at nearly every dinner was a shoulder of mutton, sometimes supplemented by two rabbits. The cost of " dressing " the monthly dinners was usually about 8s., and of the Election, Audit and quarterly Courts £\ 10s. to £\. May, 1685. ffor 2 dishes of Pidgon and Backon and spinig- 016 o 2 dishes of Mackerell - - - - - - 060 August, 1687. This election dinner was a little above the average, the following being the details — for a Brace of Bucks - - 8130 for Putting them in 8 Pastyes - 400 for 6 S r Loynes of Beef and a four rib for brakefast 340 4 Westfalia hams ------ 1 1 1 o 7 Lumber pyes - - 2160 7 Marrow puddings - - 115c 7 Custarts - 7116 7 Dishes of Tarts - 220 7 Dishes of Tonges and Udders '• 1 5 o 7 Gees - - - '5 s 14 Torkeyes - 1 1 1 6 45 Chickins - 25° 4 Dozen and i of Pidgeoiih ° '3 6 12 Partriges - - - 0120 a Shoulder of Mutton & 2 Rabits for the musick 050 12 pound of midling Bakon and Lard - o S o 3x2 460 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 24^ pound of fresh butter - - o 17 o for Artechoaks Cabidg french beans Lawrell Parsly and herbs to garnish - 090 flower Salt and Salt butter for the range - 056 for Gallindine and Goos sace ' - 036 for Viniger - -060 for Brooms packthread Candels and other things - 010 Wood and coles - 100 Kooks and Laberours and my own pains - 300 2 pounds of Loaf Suger - - - 2 o o 40 6 8 May, 1688. Is the first mention of a " creem chees " 008 December, 1692. With the exceptions of ling, sturgeon, and salt fish with egg sauce, but little other fish appears to have been eaten. On this occasion, however, we find — 2 Dishis of fresh Cod Drest with Shrimps & Anchove Sawse - o 14 o ffor 6 Whitings ------- 020 October, 1693. Green peas are for the first time referred to amongst the vegetables, and, singularly enough, they only occur once in each year for many years, and then at the October dinners ! June, 1698. 2 pounds of fine powdered sugar for the Strawberrys 014 July, 1704. The Stewards Dinner. A legg of mutton rosted ------ 028 A buttered appel pye 030 Cheese to y° appel pye - 002 3 Quartes of Coffee 030 0810 Sauce. ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons. 46 j May, 1707. ffor 15 Mackril o 10 o 16 Gooseberry tartes 080 Caper sauce for the mutton o 1 o April, 1708. A Frygusse of Lamb 060 20th September, 1709. It was ordered, in consequence of the great increase in the Livery, that there should be six instead of five stewards of the Mayor's Feast to make the Livery dinner, and any liveryman chosen to the office and refusing to serve was to be prosecuted under the by-laws. The fine for not serving was ,£13 6s. 8d., and was invariably enforced, numerous cases of refusal being decided at law in favour of the Company. Six WhifHers were as usual, appointed "to be attendant upon the Govern" at the Hall upon the next Lord Mayo rs day in comely & decent Apparrell with gilded Chaines & white Staves." 6th November, 1 7 1 7. In consequence of irregularities at the Lord Mayor's feast, it was ordered that in future the Stewards should be prohibited from bringing their wives and friends to the dinner. 1 72 1. The third dinner book opens with an account of the receipts of the Governors' " Potation Money " for this year, amounting to ^131 us. 2d., the contributions being from Barbers one guinea, and from Surgeons two guineas each. This potation money was spent at the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street, on ten Monthly Court dinners, which averaged the modest sum of ,£4 4^. apiece, and the remainder was disbursed about the election feast, wine and sundries. The cost of the Mayor's feast this year was £67 "js., and at this dinner was drunk a hogshead of port (query), six gallons of mountain, six gallons of white port, and three gallons of canary. o IO 1 i7 2 9 I 15 4b 2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. July 19th, 1722. At the ladies' feast the following wine was drunk — 30 Gallons Red Port at js. 11 ,, Sherry at js. 7 ,, Canary at js. 5 ,, Rhenish at js. - and 4.?. were expended on tobacco and pipes. 1726. The monthly Court dinners were held at the George and Vulture Tavern, nine of them costing in all £ig 13.C gd. The Election dinner this year cost ^91 8.v. od. And the Lord Mayor's feast ,£72 is. io}4d. June, 1729. The monthly Court dinner was held at "Vaux Hall." " The accounts throughout the Third Dinner Book (1720-1740) appear to be much the same every year. First is a list of receipts for Potation Money, averaging about ^100 per annum, then follow the allowances out of the same towards the Election dinner, the dressing it and use of pewter, about £19 in all, the payments for the monthly Court dinners (nine or ten at about £a i \s. each), and the expenses of the Election feasts, about ^80 to ,£90 a piece. The cost of the Lord Mayor's feast, the Livery feast, and the Ladies' feast, was borne by the Stewards. There were gay doings at some of these dinners, as witness the following : 1726. 1'aid the Boy who danced the anticks at the Lady's feast, 5.?. 1727. By Cash paid the Butchers who played to the Company with their Marrow bones and cleavers on Lord Mayor's day, is. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4 6) And there were sometimes rather shady doings after the dinners, thus : 10th July, 1729. Meindm. M r Truelove & M r Fradin carried away y u next morning after y c feast four Dozen Quarts of Wine, One whole Venison pasty, One whole Goose, one whole fowl, & several lemons & sugar. 1st February, 1732. Mr. John Atkinson and the other Stewards of the Mayor's feast, employed a cook of their own, and " did make a most scandalous Dinner for y e Co.," whereupon order was given that in future no other than the "Standing Cooke" of the Company should be employed. One is astounded at the quantity of wine which appears to have been imbibed at some of these dinners ; take, for example, the following on Lord Mayor's Day, 1735, and note that it is especially stated that the wine was "drank at the said feast": Paid for the following quantitys of wine provided for and drank at the said feast, viz'- To M r Standert for 2 1 Gall Red Port - 660 2 Gall Lisben - 0120 2 Gall Mountaine - 0120 2 Gall Canary - 0130 29 Bottles lost - 0410 To M r Gaywood for 20 Gall Red Port 600 2 Gall Mountaine - 0120 2 Gall Lisbone - 0120 2 Gall Canary • - - - 0130 To M r - Pierce for 2 Gall Lisben - 0120 2 Gall Mountaine - - 0120 2 Gall Canary - -0130 20 Gall Red Port -. - -600 By the above account these thirsty old Barber-Surgeons seem to have consumed no less than 79 Gallons of wine at this dinner. 4 64 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 15th July, 1736. 56 gallons of wine were drunk at the Ladies' feast. 21st July, 1726. It is order 11 That from henceforward at all publick Feasts or Dinners to be held or made at the Hall the Cook of the Company for the time being shall before he sends the Dinner into the Hall deliver to the Clark of the Company at his House his Messe of meat consisting of six compleat dishes according to the Ancient laws and usage of the Company in that behalf the same being the ancient flee & Perquisite of the Clerk. 2 1 st August, 1729. The above order was vacated inconsequence of disputes as to the contents and number of the dishes supplied to the Clerk, and it was ordered that the Clerk should receive £$ 5^. annually in lieu of his " messe of meat," and also that he should dine at all the feasts "as he has always been accustomed to do." 1st February, 1731. For the better regulating of the Ladys Feast It is ordered That every Member of the Court of Assistants shall besides his Lady and one daughter have three tickets to be delivered to such persons as they shall think fitt to be admitted to come and dance at the Hall at Five of the Clock on that day and that there shall be two Constables to attend at the Hall gate and see that nobody is admitted but with such Ticketts and that the Ticketts be made out by the Clerk of the Company and sealed with the Company's seal. The Summons to a Liveryman to take upon himself the office of Steward was of a very peremptory nature, as will be seen by the following : — S r By order of the Ma rs or Gov re of the Mystery & Comonalty of Barbers & Surgeons of London, I do hereby give you notice that you having been chosen & admitted of the Livery or Cloathing of the said Company, You are appointed by the Masters or Gov rs of the s d Comp d together with M r - Richard Penton M r - Joseph Griffin M r - Daniel Pengrove and M r Joseph Mitchell who are also Liverymen of the said Company to make an Entertainment in the Cofnon Hall of the said Company situate in Monckwell Street in the Parish of Saint Olave Silver Street in the City of London for the Gov" and Assistants of the s d Company commonly called the Livery Dinner on Teusday the 3 d day of June 1735 at two of the Clock in the afternoon pursuant to a By law of the said Company in that behalf made & provided. And in case you shall neglect or refuse w th out reasonable zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 465 Excuse to join together with the said M'- Richard Penton M r - Joseph Griffin M r Daniel Pengrove and M r - Joseph Mitchell to made such Dinner on Teusday the 3 d day of June next, or to contribute and pay your share and and proporcon of the charges thereof you will forfeit and pay to the said Ma re or Gov" of the s d Mystery and Comonalty to the use of the said Company the sum of £5. And 1 do hereby give you further notice That the gentlemen who are to join with you in making the said dinner will meet you at the George and Vulture Tavern in Saint Michael's Alley in Cornhill in the City of London on Friday next being the 23rd day of this instant May at six of the clock in the afternoon to give the proper directions for the said dinner, at which time and place you are desired to attend for that purpose. I am S r Your most obed'- humble Serv L Cha : Bernard Clerk to the s d Company. Herewith you will receive a copy of the Bill of Fare or a Particular of w ch the s d Entertainment is to consist. Barbers and | Surgeon's Hall, I " M * y I?3S To M r - Cha : More. 28th May, 1 74 1. By an order made this day in reference to the Ladies' feast it was directed — ■ that the Entertainment shall continue no longer than twelve of the clock when there shall be no more Dancing but that the Musick be then dismissed and the Company depart. 2Sth August, 1 741. The Court having taken into consideration the ill behaviour and abusive language of John Atkinson Distiller in White Chappell (a Liveryman of this Company) on the last day of Election, who in a most gross manner (in the Common Hall of this Company) the Master of the said Company did greatly insult and abuse and did otherwise very indecently and rudely behave to other Members of the Company whereby the Peace of the said Company then assembled was greatly disturbed, and being determined to put a stop to and prevent the like grievances for the future by punishing all such offendors herein Ordered that the said John Atkinson be fined for such his ill behaviour to the Master the sum of 6 s 8 d and 10 s for bringing in to Dinner on that day another person with him after having been acquainted by the Master that the same was contrary to the By laws of the said Company. 3 o 466 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1745. It is noticeable that the Potation Money fell off on the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers. During the three or four preceding years the amount had been steadily running down from an average of .£105 to £57, and there seems to have been no Election or Livery Dinners this year, though the gallant Barbers did not forget the Ladies, for they gave them (and themselves) a dinner at a cost of £52 is. gd. The Barbers, too, at this time do not seem to have drunk quite so much wine as the Barber-Surgeons did, and in the year 1 747 is the first mention of Beer, when 1 2s. was paid for a barrel of small Beer for the Lord Mayor's feast, and only 68 bottles of wine were consumed on this occasion. Between the years 1750 and 1786 no records are kept of any but the Mayor's feasts, though doubtless the Company did not fast during the intervals. There is now a striking similarity in these dinner accounts year by year; usually there were six stewards each of whom provided, about the years 1775, and later on, no less than 53 bottles of wine each, thus emulating their predecessors the Barber-Surgeons ; there are numerous references to these bottles as being quarts, so that about 80 gallons must have been drunk at each dinner. Happily, all this is now changed. It is noticeable from the earliest times that the Company on every occasion of a feast, invariably hired their Pewter dishes and plates at great cost ; it seems strange that this continual outlay should have been incurred, instead of keeping a stock of pewter. 1830 and 1 83 1. Considerable difficulty had arisen for some years past in procuring Stewards for the Mayor's feasts, and also in enforcing the fines for not serving, whereupon a resolution was passed dAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 467 that Liverymen refusing to pay the Steward's fine would not be invited to the dinners, and would be declared ineligible to come on the Court. The Court seem to have had grave doubts as to the efficacy of their By-Laws in recovering at law the Steward's fines, and a case having been prepared it was submitted to Sir James Scarlett and to Sir Thomas Denman (the Attorney General). The opinion of the former eminent Counsel, dated ioth October, 1832, is set out in the minutes, and he appears to have been very clear that they would not be recover- able, whereupon the Court ordered a letter (of 16th October) to be addressed to the Livery, informing them of the difficulty which had arisen by reason of Liverymen refusing to serve as Stewards in their rotation (after having partaken of the hospitality of other Stewards in former years), and that in consequence thereof there would be no dinner that year. The day after this letter was sent out, Sir Thomas Denman's opinion was handed in, and was to the opposite effect of that given by Sir James Scarlett ! Since this period, and now, the Steward's fine is paid on the admission of a Liveryman, and thus a source of constant annoyance is done away with. o 2 THE IRISH ESTATE. HE history of the acquisition by the Corporation of London and the City Guilds, of their estates in Ireland has been often related, and full accounts will be found in " Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum," "Herbert's Livery Companies," " Nicholl's Iron- mongers' Company," and other works ; I shall, therefore, only treat of the subject so far as the Barber-Surgeons were concerned. In 1609 when James I floated his Irish scheme, our Company seems to have been very loath to enter into it, as would appear by the insignificant subscriptions proffered by the Members (see page 473). The difficulty which the Court foresaw in raising the ^100 demanded in July, 1609, was endeavoured to be surmounted by the follow- ing ingenious proposition : there had been some previous forced loans to the King amounting to £12$, for which the Company held the City's bond, and as this was considered a doubtful asset, it was suggested that ^"ioo thereof should be adventured on behalf of the Company ; it is needless to say that this innocent . suggestion was scouted, and a peremptory precept for the ,£100 delivered, whereupon the Court c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 469 assessed the various members of the Company and with the greatest difficulty £^o was thus raised and a further sum of £90 later on. The Minutes referring to these transactions are especially worthy the perusal of those persons who claim the estates of the City Companies as being the " property of the people," or as having been " left for the poor," &c. We see by them that (in our Company certainly, and as doubtless an examination of records would show, in all other Companies) the purchase of these lands in Ireland was not only compulsory, but that it was made from moneys contributed by individual members for the most part, and the balance from the " Stock of the house," this "Stock" being the floating funds in the Renter Warden's hands, derived from admissions, fines, &c. We thus see that no " trust" money was used for the purchase, and that the estates are saddled with no trust whatever, but are held free, and by an infinitely better title as far as morality goes, to say nothing of legality, than many Estates in the hands of some of the aristocratic patrons of the busybodies bent on spoliation. In January, 161 1, the Company were commanded by precept to elect whether they would for their contribution accept a tract of land in Ulster, saddled "with a condition to build upon it, or refer the letting of it to the Irish Society, whereupon they chose the latter, and in July following came a precept, for its morality worthy of the Land League, for it called upon the Wardens to pay down ££>o more, or else to absolutely lose the £120 already contributed ! The doleful answer of the Court, dated 19th July, 161 1, is deeply interesting, and we cannot but be touched by the wrongs under which they suffered, and which constrained them to write : — " we must be forced (yf there be lawfull authoritie to take awaye & compell o r Company) to loose the moneys we have alreadye disburssed." 4jo d/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. James, however, did not care much about the money the Company proposed to abandon ; what he required was a further supply, and the proceedings thereupon are indicated by the Minute of 16th November, 1611. Shortly after, the Company wisely applied to " M r Recorder " to construe the answer, but even his skill and interest did not avail, for on 2nd July, 161 2, it was agreed that the Master and Wardens should go before the Court of Aldermen, and "stand hardlie" against paying any more money, especially as they had not any security for what had been already advanced, and if committed, they were to go to prison, rather than pay the ,£30 demanded, with a proviso that directly they were imprisoned, the £30 was to be paid, and it was eventually paid. In 1 6 1 3, the Company made over their interest in the Irish Estate to one of the Wardens, Mr. Allen, but this arrangement was subsequently annulled. Many more were the precepts, and the troubles in which the Company were involved, about this business, but it is satisfactory to record that in 1623 ^ri gs. 6d. was received on account of rents, and in 1625 a further sum of £10 os. Sd. The Company were, and are still, associated in their Irish Estates with the Ironmongers', Brewers', Scriveners', Coopers', Pewterers', and Carpenters' Companies ; but by far the largest proportion appertains to the Ironmongers, who have always managed the property. In 1635, the Attorney General exhibited a Bill in the Star Chamber against all of the Companies to the intent that they should surrender up all their rights and evidences touching the Irish plantation, and on our Company taking Counsel's opinion, they were advised to submit to this monstrous piece of injustice. Judgment was given in oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 471 1637, and the Irish property of all the Companies was seized into the King's hands. One would have thought that this flagitious iniquity might have ended here, but by the decree of the Star Chamber, the Citizens, in addition to the loss of their Estates, were fined ,£8,000 to the King, and on the 8th November, 1638, our unhappy predecessors were assessed at, and had to pay ^64 on this account, the Ironmongers paying .£272, and other Companies according to their settled proportions. Notwithstanding these high-handed proceedings, the Barber- Surgeons, ever ready to aid those in distress, voluntarily gave in 1642, what to them in those dire days of taxation was a munificent gift, namely ^20, towards the relief of the poor Protestants in the north of Ireland, and they further raised, under compulsion, by the sale of their plate and the mortgage of their property, .£400, which was "lent for the Relief of Ireland upon the faith and order of Parliament," and not one penny of which was ever refunded ! The illegal seizures of the Irish lands in 1637 were set aside by Charles II, who, by his Charter, 10th April, 1662, restored and confirmed to the citizens all their former privileges and their pos- sessions in Ireland, and thus our Company became repossessed of its original property there. A little previous to 1840 communications passed between the Barbers and the Ironmongers' Companies, in reference to an appointment which had been made by the latter Company, of Mr. Oseland as Manager of the associated estate at a salary of ,£400 per annum. This appointment seems to have been made without the knowledge or concurrence of the associated Companies, and led to some little friction, but it was no doubt a wise step, and appears, after various protests, to have been finally acquiesced in. 472 ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons. Our property known as the " Lizard Estate," was on lease for lives, the sole surviving life being the then Bishop of Meath, who was 76 years of age. The Ironmongers, in the natural expec- tation of an early reversion to the estate, appointed Mr. Oseland to look after the Companies' interests, and from the list of his duties it would seem that his office was no sinecure. The Bishop dying in 1840, the lease fell in, and there were various consultations among the Companies as to the advisability of a partition or a sale, or the granting of a fresh lease. The Scriveners alone desired a partition, the others were for keeping on the late under-lessees and tenants as tenants for a year until a course could be decided upon, and this was eventually agreed to, the Barbers recording in their books an expression of their sense of the wise manner in which the Ironmongers' Company had managed the business. One very important point discussed at Ironmongers' Hall was that of the waste and dilapidations which had been suffered to accrue by the late lessee. These were estimated to amount to ,£5,000, and there was not the least question as to the right and power of the Companies to have enforced a claim in this respect, but they generously decided not even to present it ; had the Companies been "trustees" they would have had no option but to have enforced their claim. This action accords with the general liberal administration of Estates as pursued by the City guilds, and is another evidence (if, indeed, such evidence were wanting ! ) of the absence of greed and of the generous way in which tenants are treated by these bodies. This Estate is subject to no trust whatever, it was purchased by the Company out of monies which they collected from individual members of the Guild, or by the sale of their plate, etc., and for cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4j) many years it was unproductive. It is a portion of their private corporate estate, and no trust or charity suffered by this voluntary abandonment of a large sum to which they were entitled in lieu of the re-instatement of the dilapidation. The proceedings are all very fully set out in the Court Minutes for 1840, 1841, etc. 6th July, 1609. This daye M r - Leacock, M r - John Martin, M r - Thorney & M r - Peek accordinge to a p°cept to the M rs - of this Company lately directed are by this Courte appoynted Committees for this Company to conferre w th the rest of the Committees of oth' Companies concerninge the intended plantacon in the Realme of Ireland And they are to make theire report to the next Courte of their proceedingf therein. 26th July, 1609. This daie the precept directed from the Lord Maio r of this Citie to the M rs of this Company Concerninge a Contribution to be had from this Company towardf the intended plantacon in his Ma t,,:s realme of Ireland was read before the Lyvery of this Company and before the Assistant^ of the Yeomandry of this Company who being by the M rs demaunded by vertue of the said precept what they wold willingly Contribute toward^ the said service some of them proffered to Contribute as hereafter ensueth videliz' M r - Rodes xx ! - M r - Mapes xx s M'- Jenkins xx s M r Thorney xl s - M r - ffrederick xx s M r ffuller x s 1VT ffenton x 5 M r Kerrell xx s John Udall v 5, Robert Jennings v s - Dominick Lumley ij s - vj d - Andrew Mathew vj s viij d - Thomas Homewood v & Xpofer Walton ij 5, vj d ffrauncis Rycraft ij s - Arthure Doughton ij s - George Pitts V s ' Richard Daniell ij s Richard Higgins iij s - iiij d - Symon Crosse ij s ' Thomas Clarck ij s - and the rest of the Lyvery and assistaunt^ of the yeomandrey then present refused to Contribute anything at all. Whereupon it was thought fitt by this Court that aswell the names of such as had proffered to contribute as aforesaid and their severall proffered contribucons also the names of those that refused to contribute shold accordinge to the said precept be certefyed in writing to the Lord Maior signifyeing further in the same Certificate that forasmuch as the Contribucon menconed in the said Certificate was very small \v ch the M ts were very unwilling to present to his Lordship, the Company were contented if it might stand w"' his Lo ps good pleasure to adventure C"' of the Cxxiij 1 '- w ck is owinge unto them by the Cities bond, so that they might have a bill of Adventure for the same. 26th January, 16 10. The above proposition not having been entertained, a further precept dated gth January, 16 10, was received, 3 i' 474 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. commanding the Company to furnish ^ioo and at this Court the same was considered when it was resolved that the common stock of the Company should contribute £2^ and an assessment be made upon the members as follows : the Livery 205., the Assistants of the Yeomanry \os., Freemen 6s. 2>d„ Aliens 20s., and foreign brothers 15.?. each, and by a later order each member of the Court was assessed at 20.?. 22nd November, 1610. Great difficulty having been experienced in collecting these assessments, an order was made that any person neglecting to pay, should be forthwith dismissed out of the Livery or Court as the case might be. 1 8th January, 161 1. A precept from the Lord Mayor having been read and debated, the following answer to the same was ordered to be sent — Whereas wee the M r and Wardens of the Company of the Barbors & surgeons of London have receaved a Preceptt of the 14"' of this present moneth from the right hon°able the Lord Mayo' of this Cittie requiring thereby to call together the Assistauntf of o r said Company and to consider whether wee will accept a proportion of Landf in the province of Ulster in liewe of o r moneys disburssed and thereon to buyld att our owne chardgf as by the printed book of plantacon is required or ells to refeir the lettinge of the same Landff unto the gov°nor & assistauntf of the Companie : Soe ytt is, that accordingly we have called together o r Assistauntf & consideringe the pYnisses wee fynd that the payment of the taxacons for this intent have been soe burthensome unto the body of o r Company that we are not able to take upon us any further chardge, having not as yet levyed the ffowerth p r 'te of the paynr'tf ymposed upon us, neither have we any hope to gather the same, And therefore rather chuse to refeir the lettinge of the said Landf & committinge the business for o r p°tf to the discretion of the said gov'nor & assistauntf for that purpose appoynted, hopinge by their good endeavo rs to receave such reasonable satisfaction for o r moneys alreadye disbursed as maye gyve good contentment to such of o r Company whoe have been chardged by o r Collections. And this have our Court of Assistauntf fully agreed in such rnann as wee have before certified Given att o r Hall this xviij"' of January 1610 (i.e., 161 1 ). 23rd April, 161 1. The Company paid in ^30 to the Chamber of London, making ^"120 in all to this date. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 47 5 1 8th July, 161 1. A precept having been received from the Lord Mayor, calling upon the Wardens to pay ,£60 more, or else to lose the ^120 already paid, the following answer was sent — Whereas we the M' s & gov'no" of the Company of Barbo" &: Surgeons of London have receaved from the right hon°able the Lord Mayor of this Cittie a preceptt of the xj ,h of this Instant moneth thereby comaundinge us to call together the Assistauntf of o' said Company And then & there to tax the bodye of o r s rt Company with the payment of 60" more toward^ the payment of ioooo 1 ' for a new supplye for the plantacon in Ireland, And that we should advise thereupon and certefie in wrytinge to the gov°no r & assistant^ for the said plantacon on Saterdaie the 20 th of this Instant month of July whether we will willinglie yelde to the said supplie of 10000" or we wilbe content to loose all such moneys as we have alreadye disburssed towardf the said Plantacon and soe passe over o r right therein to those as will undertake this paym' and all other taxacons & paymt 5 touchinge the same, Soe yt is we have called together o r Assistauntf & we thinck that o r poore Company is put to a very hard choyce seeinge the collection of the form'' paynr'tf of no 1 " have been soe burthensome unto us that the greatest nomber of o r Company have been readye to growe mutynous about the collection thereof neither cane wee as yett gather the same (we beinge out of o r owne purses for the last paym' w ch was disburssed) and nowe to loose all, except we will undergoe this newe taxacon of 60'' the pov'tie of o r Company cannot beare ytt neither will yt stand w ,h o r Credytts to gyve awaie the moneyes we have collected from soe maney poore men who hoped (and the rather by o r p°swasions) the company should receave in tyme great p^ffytt. And they themselves to be p n takers thereof to w ch intent they dide more willinglie undergoe the former taxacons. And againe to drawe them to a chardge of a new taxacon when they shall understand the offer p°posed in this p°cept we thinck yt unpossible, neither can we tell howe to drawe them to paie any further taxacon then they shall willinglie consent unto because we have noe lawfull authoritie to compell them. Therefore rather then to be any further burthensome to the bodye of o r Company in any further taxacon toward^ the last supplie of 10000" we must be forced (yf there be lawfull authoritie to take awaye & compell o r Company) to loose the moneys we have alreadye disburssed & to leave our Interest unto such as wilbe contentede to undertake to dischardge o r Company of those paynftf & taxacons w ch we shall be hereafter chardgcd w'^all, and shall gyve unto our Company such assurance for p°formaunce of such condycons as we shall agree upon and our Counsell learned in the lawes shall devise & requier, whereby we may gyve some contentem' to those of our Company whoe have been herein chardged for we feare we shall 1 Should be ^120. 47 6 cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. never collect these moneyes w ch are yet behinde & unpaid for the last paym' when they shall here the money alreadye disburssed is lost & gyven awaie And to this have our Court of Assistant^ agreed Gyven und r o' hands the xix"' of Julye 161 1. 1 6th November, i6n. At this Court motion being made touching what answere this howse should gyve unto the Court of Aldermen about the payment of their money for the Irishe plantacon yt was ordered & decreed that the Company should not willinglie undergoe the paym' of any further taxacon but that rather they should loose all their moneys alreadye disbursed and thereupon yt was thought fitt the p°nte M rs & gov no rs together w th M r - Peck M r - Mapes M r - ffenton & M r - ffoster should goe againe before the Court of Aldermen to see yf they can gett the Company dischardged And if yt shall soe fall out that they or any of them shalbe comitted or shalbe put to any chardgf touching this busynes this howse shall & will beare & dischardge the same. 2nd February, 1612. At this Court it is fully concluded that M r - Recorder shalbe dealt withall to construe our answere according to the Courtf meaninge And that on tewsdaie next the M rs & Gov°no rs together \v ,h M r - Peck M r Mapes M r ' ffenton & M' ffoster shall goe before the Court of Aldermen to intreat favo' in respect of their gen'all pov°tie of the Company w ch if the same will not prevayle then the Company shall bring with them their Councell to certefie that their answere is absolute & if that maye not be graunted then that they maye have a monethes lybertie either to provide some undertakers for them or ells by that tyme the Company will bring in their money w ch this Court doth agree unto that the howse shall beare ytt. 2nd July, 1612. This daye yt is likewise ordered that touchinge the paym' of the 30" w ch is to be paid for the Irishe plantacon That the present M rs shall demaund of the Comittees for the Irish plantacon what assurance this howse shall have for their money already disburssed & to disbursse and thereuppon to stand hardlie for that this Court thincketh yt not reason to pay there money for nothinge as yet assured. And if it be soe that the M rs shalbe threatned to be comitted to prison they shall rather be comitted to prison then to pay the money And if they be comitted then this howse dothe order that presentlie' uppon their comittment the M rs shall pay the same 30'' out of the stock of this howse. 20th July, 1612. In the motion touching the paym' of xxx" p°cell of the lx" w ch the Company is to paie towardf the Irishe plantacon Itt is ordered by this Court that the same xxx" shalbe paid in by the howse and the M rs w" 1 M r - ffrederick are to deale w"' the Comittees to see what assurance they shall have for their moneyes disburssed. 1 i.e.. directly. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 477 17th September, 1612. It was agreed by the Court to pass away all the Company's interest in the Irish estate to Mr. Abraham Allen, Warden, he undertaking by deed to bear all further impositions or taxations made upon the Company in respect of the Irish business. 15th July, 1613. This daie it is ordered upon a motion made by o r Master to this Court touching what course they shall take for Ireland business for that they are now called unto for payment of 60 1 ' wherefore upon a gen n all consent of this Court it is ordered that M r - Warden Allen shall lose the 30" \v ch he hath already disburssed & that he shall disburse the said 6o H now called for, and if he shall not be contented to goe forward w"' the bargaine w eh he form 1 ly made w" 1 the Company but rather to loose the said 30" w dl he hath fonrTly paid That then he loosing the said 30" already disburssed shalbe upon & after the audytt daye repaid the said 6o''' w ch he is now to disbursse. 17th January, 1614. Att this Court it is ordered that the 30 1 ' w ch the Company is chardged by preceptt to paie towardf the Irish Plantation on the first daie of ffebruary next shalbe paid in according to the said preceptt and shalbe allowed out of the stock of this howse. 2nd February, 1614. At this Court the M rs propounding unto this Court what conference did passe between the Company of Irenmongers & themselves desiring this p°nte Court to certefie their opinions what course this company shall take in the Irish busines, whether they shall either hold the proportion of landf allotted to this Company & the Company of Iremongers joyntlie w ,h the Iremongers Or otherwise seeke that a devision maybe made of such portion as to this company belongeth & soe to hold the same in sev°altye Whereupon this Court did agree that this Company shall goe hand in hand joyntlie w ,h thother companies awhile And hereafter to seeke for a devision as occasion shalbe offered. 24th May, 1614. Att this Court it is ordered that M r Abraham Allen shall have noe part of the xxx' 1 \v ch he hath paid to this company redeliv°ed him againe. 19th January, 1615. On receipt of a precept, dated nth January, ordering a further contribution of ^45, it was directed that the same should be paid. 13th September, 161 5. ^"30 more was ordered to be paid in. 478 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 29th December, 1615. At this Court the Wardens of the yeomanrey made knowne unto the M' b that the yeomanrey were contented to gyve to the howse 30 1 ' tovvardes the Irish plantacon. 27th May, 1616. At this Court it is ordered that what monie is or shalbe demaunded by the Company of Iremongers to be paid unto them from or by this Companie towardf the charge of building^ or other charges in Ireland shalbe deteyned in this howses handf untell this Companie shall have receaved order from o r M r M r Alderman Probie for payment thereof And that he shall see it fitt & expedient the same shalbe paid. 27th January, 161 7. fforasmuch as this Companie have no assuraunce of the Irish Landf for their monie disburssed for Ireland It is therefore ordered by this Court that this Companie shalbe suters unto the Governor & Comittees for the plantacon of the Irish landf to thentent this Companie maie have a perpetuitie in the Irish plantacon aswell as the Companie of Iremongers under whose lott o' Companie have fallen Accordinglie & in such sorte as the Carpenters & other the inferior Companies joyned w th them doe now sue for. 19th March, 1635. The Company contributed their proportion of the expenses incurred by the City Companies in defending the suit against them in the Star Chamber, as also a sum of money towards the erection of a church in Ulster. The Copye of S r John Bancks his letter he being his Ma ts Attorney Generall sent to the Companie of Ironmongers that they should with the Associate Companies surrender up their right together with their evidences concerning the plantacon in Ireland was here reade and for answere thereunto this Court doth referre to the advice of M r Bierly Councello' at Lawe w dl is to surrender up o' right. 8th November, 1638. Judgment being given against the Companies whereby they forfeited all their lands in Ireland, the City was fined ,£8,000 to the King " for the losse of o r landf in Ireland by the late decree of Starrchamber," to which fine the Barber-Surgeons were compelled to contribute ^64. ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 479 10th February, 1642. Alsoe was read to this Court the Lord Maiors letter concerning reliefe of the Protestants in Ireland in the City of London Derry this Court doth order ioo" to be given towards theire rcleife presently. 7th March, 1642. It is ordered that xx 1 ' shalbe presently payd over towards the releife of London Derry and noe more at the present. Alsoe it is ordered that there shalbe CC 1 ' given towards the releife of Ireland generally to have a thousand Acres upon the stateing of the Kingdome according to the Act of Parliament lately made, and that CC" to be payd according to the provision in that Act by 50'' downe presently and the remainder at 3 monethes. 9th June, 1642. It was agreed to Lend .£800 to the Releife of Ireland [at 8 per cent. Interest] upon the faith and order of the Parliament. 31st October, 1642. The Company having agreed to lend this ^800 could not find the money, and so petitioned to lend but .£400 ; even this they had a great difficulty about, having to sell their plate (except Henry VIII's cup) to enable them to raise the money. 1 6th July, 1724. The Court having been informed that a lease had been agreed to be granted by the Ironmongers of the Manor of Lizard, of which they were seized in trust for this Company as to the sum of .£350 (part of the sum of .£5,000 being the whole purchase money originally given for that estate), and that a person had bid .£12,800 for a lease of the estate for 41 years and had deposited one- third of that amount with the Ironmongers' Company. It was ordered that the Clerk should wait upon the Clerk of the Ironmongers and get what particulars he could as to the respective shares of the associated Companies, with a list of the tenants' names and rentals, and it was further ordered that this Company's proportion of the fine agreed to be given for the lease should be invested in South Sea annuities. 3rd December, 1765. The Ironmongers' Company having proposed that the associated Companies should purchase the tithes 4So d/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. arising from the lands called Aghwey, in Ireland, the same was con- sidered by the Court and agreed to, this Company's proportion of the purchase money being about ^80. 10th November, 1 766. The Clerk reported that he had received from the Ironmongers ,£1,377 16^. icv/. for this Company's share of the fine of the lease granted to Mr. Josias Dupre and for rents and dividends due in October last. 10th August, 1775. The Company agreed to contribute ^100 towards rebuilding the Church of Desertoghill in Ireland. CHARITIES. Ferbras' Charity. — Mr. Robert Ferbras, Citizen and Barber- Surgeon, by his Will, dated 2nd December, i<\jo(seep. 161), devised two Freehold Houses in the Parish of St. John, Walbrook, London, to the Company, upon Trust after doing the repairs, to divide one moiety of the surplus receipts among poor Members of the Company, which are distributed Quarterly among 28 poor Freemen and Widows. N.B. — The above houses have been taken down and sold, and the proceeds invested in the purchase of the moiety of a Freehold Hozise, No. 69, Leadenhall Street, and of a Freehold House, No. 57, Lausdown Road, Not ting Hill. Bancks' Gift. — -Mr. Thomas Bancks, by his Will, dated 15th October, 1595, gave to the Company an Annuity of Tiventy Shillings, on condition that they should yearly distribute equally amongst 12 poor people of the Company, 12 Twopenny Loaves, 6 Stone of Beef, and Two Shillings in Money. And Mr. John Bancks, his Son, by indenture, dated the 20th May, 1619, also gave an Annuity of Twenty Shillings, to be distributed in the same manner and on the same day as his Father's Charity. N.B. — This Charity is now administered by the Mercers' Company, under an order of the Court of Chancery. The estate 482 qA finals of the Barber-Surgeons. consists of Freehold Property at Hollozuay, the income from which amounts to about £40 per annum, and is distributed half yearly in July and January among poor Members of the Company. Baker's Gift. — Mr. Alexander Baker, by his Will, dated the 25th of September, 1835, gave to the Company an Annuity of Three Pounds charged upon a Freehold House, No. 195, Upper Thames Street, to be yearly distributed to Six decayed Freemen of the Company, which is done on the first Tuesday in July. Mr. Michael I'Ans' Charity. — Mr. Michael I'Ans, by his Will, dated the 21st of August, 1759, gave to the Company Two Thousand Pounds, the interest of which he directed to be applied and distributed among 20 poor Liverymen's Widows of the Company. And Mr. John Driver, by his Will, dated the 15th of February, 18 10, gave the sum of Twenty Pounds to be applied in addition to the said Gift. N.B. — This Fund, with accumulations, now consists of .£4,759 18s. yd. Consols, the Dividends of which are distributed half-yearly to twenty poor Widows of Liverymen of the Company, on the first Tuesdays in February and August. Decayed Liverymen's Fund. — The Court of Assistants, by an Order of Court, dated the 3rd day of June, 1823, set apart from the Funds of the Company the sum of Nine Hundred Pounds, Old South Sea Annuities, for the purpose of forming a fund for the Relief of Decayed Liverymen of the Company ; the Dividends whereof are distributed, half-yearly, amongst Seven Poor Liverymen of the Company, on the first Tuesdays in May and November. N.B. — The Old South Sea Annuities having been paid of, the proceeds were invested in the purchase of a Freehold House, cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 483 No. 46, Church Street, Minorics. The Fund, ivith accumulations, now consists of ^"876 js. Sd. Consols. Mr. Thomas Kidder, one of the Court of Assistants, by his Will, dated the 1 8th of December, 1828, gave unto the Master and Wardens One Hundred Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated Annuities, and directed the interest to be applied for the relief of one poor Freeman's Widow of the Company for ever, on the first Tuesday in February and August. Mr. Thomas Cottrell's Charity. — Mr. Thomas Cottrell, by his Will, dated 28th of January, 1833, gave to the Company, Three Thousand Three Hundred and Thirty-three Pounds Six Shillings and Eight Pence, Three per Cent. Consols, subject to the Legacy Duty, the Dividends to be equally divided between 25 Widows of Decayed Liverymen of the Company, which are distributed on the first Tuesdays in February and August. N.B. — This Fund, with accumulations, noio consists of ^3,100 Consols. Mr. William Long's Charity. — Mr. William Long, by his Will, dated 7th July, 1834, gave to the Company, One Thousand Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated Bank Annuities, and he directed one Moiety of the Dividends thereof to be paid half-yearly unto so many of the poor Liverymen as the Company should appoint to receive the same, and the other moiety thereof he directed to be paid half-yearly among 20 poor widows of Liverymen of the Company, in like manner as Mr. Michael I'Ans' Charity is disposed of. N.B. — This Fund, zoith accumulations, now consists of ,£1,045 Consols. 484 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. Mr. Malcolm Dunnett's Charity. — Mr. Malcolm Dunnett, by his Will, dated 30th August, 1842, gave to the Company the sum of Two Hundred Pounds, Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities, to be applied by the Company for the Support of Decayed Liverymen, preference being at all times given to the two Senior Liverymen of the Company who shall apply for relief, and be in addition to any other aid which they would otherwise be entitled to receive from any other Charitable Fund of the Company. This Charity is distributed on the first Tuesdays in May and November. Mr. Peter Skipper's Charity. — Mr. Peter Skipper, by his Will, dated 25th of September, 1846, gave One Hundred Pounds, free of Legacy Duty, in aid of the Decayed Livery Fund, with which Charity the amount is now amalgamated. Mr. Philip Lawton's Charity. — Mr. Philip Lawton, by his Will, proved 13th August, 1856, gave Five Hundred Pounds, less Legacy Duty, upon Trust to pay the Interest and Dividends to poor Decayed Liverymen and Freemen or their Widows. N.B. — This Fund now consists of the sum of £\T] gs. Consols. Alms House Find and Mr. John Atkinson's Charities. — The Court of Assistants, by a resolution dated 7th August, 1855, established a Fund for the Erection and Endowment of Alms Houses for Decayed members of the Company and their Widows. Mr. John Atkinson, by Deed dated 4th November, 1856, and enrolled, conveyed to the Company Ten Freehold Houses, situate in Cross Keys Court and Half Moon Alley, Cripplegate, London, upon trust to apply the rents and profits thereof in aid of the Alms House Fund. These houses have been taken by the Metropolitan Railway, and the purchase-money was invested in the purchase of ,£998 1 25. ^d. Consols. The Consols have been sold and the proceeds invested in c/lnnak of the Barber-Surgeons. 485 the purchase of Freehold Houses, Nos. 53, 55, and 59, Lansdown Road, Notting Hill. In addition to the above, there is an accumulated Fund consisting of ,£1,095 2S - &d- Consols, .£419 15^. yd. New 2^ per Cent. Annuities, and there is a cash balance to the credit of the Fund of ,£84 1 2s. 4c/. Mr. John Atkinson, on the 5th February, 1861, presented the sum of One Hundred Pounds Consols to the Company, the interest thereof to be employed in the purchase of Bibles and prayer books for distribution amongst the poor members of the Company. Mr. John Atkinson, by his Will, dated 30th of August, 1858, bequeathed the residue of his personal estate to Trustees therein named, upon Trust, after the death of his wife, daughter, brother, sister, and nephews, to transfer the Stocks, Funds, and Securities whereon the same should be invested to the Masters and Governors of the Company, upon Trust, to found and establish an Institution to be called " The Barbers' Asylum," the interest thereof to be applied for the lodging, maintenance, and education of the poor Members of the Company and their Widows and Children. INVENTORIES. HERE is amongst the Records a small folio volume which opens with an undated inventory of the Company's effects, most probably taken in 1710. Following are inventories spreading over thirty-three years until 1745. There is much similarity in all of these, and we shall take one of them, that for the year 1728, as an example. In 1 7 1 1 there seem to have been two corporate seals, one of steel and another of silver; there was also "a mould with the Company's arms by w ch the Iron Backs were made"; this handsome mould is still preserved over the chimney-piece in the entrance lobby, and an old "iron back" cast from it is built into the wall of the courtyard opposite the entrance door. A True & perfect Inventory of the Goods and Chattels Plate Household Stuff & other things belonging to the Worshipfull Company of Barbers & Surgeons of London taken the 11"' of September 1728 M R January Farmer Master M r James Fern M r John Nicholls & Ambrose Dickins Esq r his Majesty's Serjeant Surgeon, Wardens. zA 'nnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 48 j In the Parlour. A chimney piece of Assistants Arms & three Sheilds over it. Four Spanish tables & a footstep. One great Russia leather Chair for y c Master. 30 other Russia chairs. One pair Bellows. One Turkey work^t carpett. A brass hearth peice & shovell & tongs with brass heads. A painted Sale Cloath to cover the hearth. One green bays carpett. M r Lisle's picture. M r Skinner's picture. King Henry y e 8"' s picture. Sir John Frederick's picture. King Charles the Second's picture. Sir Charles Scarborough & M r Alderman Arris's pictures. Four double glass sconces & two single ones. Two candlesticks with wax candles. A Table of the masters names.' D r Tyson's picture. Serj 1 Bernard's picture. M r Johnson's picture. M r Inigo Jones's picture. A large steel engine with a wooden frame for y c Co 5 seal. 3 Cane Sashes for y e Windows. 3 most noble Window Curtains in fflorence Persian Silk. Two Spanish Pictures. A fine clock. A large gilt leather screen with 8 folds & the Companys arms painted upon it. A wooden stand for y e Chamber pott. Six cushions. In the Clark's Cupboard in y e Parlour. One Box for y e Poor. One Bell. Two Testaments. One Hammer. 3 Standishes. One Balloting Box & Balls. In the Beadle's Custody. Two Staves with y e Companys arms & crest in Silver. Two Beadles gowns purchased by the Company. In the Passage before the Parlour. One Spanish Table. An Elks head. 6 Leather chairs. A Table of orders. A tortoise shell the gift of M r Henry Boone. 3 Brass Sconces. Two new tables. Two new benches. 3 Tressells & a bench y' goes under the wall. 1 Now in the Ante Room at the Hall. 4S8 cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. In the Election Room. One Turkey workt Elbow chair. 30 other Turkey worked chairs. One folding table. A green cloth carpett. One large brass hearth piece & a pair of tongs fire shovell & Dogs with fine brass heads. M r Feme's Picture. M r Thomas Allen's picture. A picture of the Prince Elector Palatine. One painted sale Cloth & a marble slabb. A looking glass over the chimney. King Charles the Seconds picture. In the Balcony. Three green & white Window Curtains & curtain rods. In the Long gallery up one p k of Stairs. Two Elbow chairs. 20 cain bottom chairs. A little table. A Scrutore.' The figures of the Muscles. A print of a Skeleton. 15 old Turkey worked chairs. A large iron hearth piece with shovell & tongs. An iron back. A skeleton frame with black curtains around it, a pulley & cord, a skeleton. In the Theatre. One skeleton in a frame. One new skeleton pendent from the Center of the Roof. Two muscular figures finely painted in gilt frames. Two humane skins on figures of wood. One figure of anatomy in a frame. Two figures of Angels presenting a Garland. Two skulls the one a Mummy the other a Moss with seven other figures. King Charles the first's head in stone. A Skeleton in a frame the gift of M r Knowles. A green velvet cushion for the Anatomy Reader. One cedar table & cover. Two pair of green window curtains. In the Treasury. The Company's seal. A great chest with several Charters & by laws & other writeings. In the Hall. Three great tables. 1 1 forms beside benches and footstep to y e Masters chair. Two sheilds fixed to y e Screen. One large ensign of green & white. 1 Called elsewhere an " Escrutore." cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 489 Two large green streamers. Two Banners, the King's Arms &: y c City's arms. Two Green bays carpetts. A wainscoat desk. Two green Kidderminster curtains. A clock the gift of M r Henry Carter. A table of the Examined Surgeons & Examiners. A table of officers ffees. A glass Lanthorne. A squabb going round the Halfe moon table' & one small one for y e Mas* s seat. A long moveable table for the Hall. In the Musick Gallery. One table. Two forms. 8 great staves for y e fflags. In the Passage going to y e Kitchen. One dresser. One table & two shelves. In the Kitchin. Three dresser boards. 8 Shelves. One chopping block. One form. 3 Irons in Stewing places. 3 Iron oven lids. 2 large iron racks. 10 large spitts & one little one. Two iron dripping pans. One iron fender. A \ hundred iron weight. Two peels. One new peele. In the Kitchin Larder. Two rounds of Shelves &: a dresser round it. In the Kitchin Yard. A leaden cistern & a leaden pipe going up to it. The Pewter & Brass. Nine dozen & 1 1 plates. seven salvers. A charger. Two pewter basons. 7 saucers. Two chamber potts. Four pye plates. Three great flaggons. Ten brass candlesticks. One iron hearth for charcoal. An earthen monteth. Two pair of snuffers. Eighteen brass sconces for the Theatre. One beer still & a plate rack. ' This half-moon table stood at the upper end of the Hall in the bastion, where the Masters and Court sat. 3 R 49° o/lniials of the Barber-Surgeons. In the Buttery. A Binn for bread. 3 Shelves. A bench. A dressing board. 3 Shelves in the Cupboard. 4 little bottles for oyl & vinegar. 2 doz & 1 1 Wine glasses. 1 doz 4 Water glasses. 3 small beer glasses. 7 stone muggs. 3 Stone bottles. 2 flower potts. A painted Sale cloth. 2 knife basketts. In the Cupboard in the Buttery. Two dozen & a halfe of black handled knives & forks with a box to put them in. 1 Dozen and a halfe of Oyster knives. 4 voiders. A flaskett. 30 White handled knives & forks ivory. In the Clark's Yard & Cellar. A leaden cistern. A pipe to lead the water from the street through the Beadles Cellar into y e Clarks yard & so through y e Companys into y c Kitchin. One large chest to putt the candles in. One clock in a case. 4 new pepper castors. The Company's Plate. oz. dwt. Eighteen silver spoons - - ----- wt. 43 6 another silver spoon ---------- 60 One Bason the gift of M r Robert Andrews - - - 74J o One Ewer the gift of M r Tho s Collins - 54 10 King Henry y e 8 ths cup & cover - - - 265 o King Charles the 2* cup & cover - 62^ o A punch Bowl the gift of Queen Anne at the request of M r Serjeant Bernard then Mas' of this Corporation - - - - - - 160 o Four great standing Cups. The gifts of the several p°sons following, viz' Sir John Frederick - - - 38 10 Martin Brown Esq' - - - - 45 o M r Tho s Bell - - 65 o M r Tho s Bowden - - 38 o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 491 Four Beer Bowles. The gift of Alderman Arris weighing viz' oz . ,iwt. First - . . .... 9 8 Second - - - 98 Third - .... 8 6 fourth --.. ........ 6jj Seven Tankards. The gifts of the several p°sons following, viz 1 - The first of M r John Dorrington - - - 39 o The second of M' George Gray 372 The third of M r Abraham Deviatt -------- 23 o The fourth of M r Thomas Fothergill - - - - 24 15 The fifth of M rs Eliz. Clarke - - - - - - - - - 17 10 The sixth of M r Abraham Perrott - - 26 15 The seventh of M r Edward Arris - - - 26 15 Three Great Salts. First -- 45 o Second - .......... 370 Third - .-.-.. 38 o One small salt ----- --.-_. 311 Four coronetts - - - - - - 2 6f o A voider the gift of M r Thos Gill. An Iron Chest to putt the plate in. The Table Linnen. I Dozen & 2 Huckaback Towells. 1 Dozen & one old odd towells. I I Dozen & 4 napkins. 8 Holland sheets. 1 Large diaper towell. 4 side board cloths. 1 Dozen & 8 oyster cloths. 1 1 Table cloths & the chest they lye in. In the Long Walk. Two ladders one great one & one small one. 24 Bucketts with the Companys arms on them. 4 Settles. In the Chest below the Stairs. The Rich cloth that lies over the Anatomy. A black coffin cloth. 19 flatt caps. 1 g Dimothy waistcoats. 19 Badges & the Readers Robes. In the Lower Theatre. A pewter cistern & a leaden laver. An anatomy chest. A table to dissect on & a hatch for y c Theatre door. In the Closetts 2 Drawers & two planks to stand on. 3 K 2 PLATE. HE Barber-Surgeons' Company has at various periods in its history possessed large quantities of plate, a great deal of which is now unfortunately lost to us, most of it having been parted with during the troublous times of the seventeenth century, when the money demands made upon the Company necessitated its sale. We have however, been fortunate in preserving some very distinctive and beautiful plate, among which are no less than three Royal gifts from Sovereigns of England, viz., Henry VIII, Charles II, and Anne. Throughout our Minutes are numerous references to gifts and purchases of plate ; some of these will be found elsewhere in this work, and the following extracts in particular referring to this subject, are additional examples. 14th December, 1557. The same daye beyng The xiiij* daye of Descember in An° Dii 1557 and fourth and fyfte yeares of the Raignes of Kynge Phyllippe and Quene Marys Most Noble gracf It ys Condescended and Agreed by the m r and Gov°nors and w th thassent of all the Assystaunce of the howse whose Names are before Nomynated and Wrytten That M* Thomas Vycary shall paye and dyscharge the Debtf of the howse w ch oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4c)} rest unpayde and the saide M r Vycary shall have the plate of the Crafte in pawne or pledge Untyll suche tyme as the sayde sullies of monye be un to hym Repayde agayne. 7th December, 1581. It was agreed that the soine of xl" shalbe diffrayed and laid owte of the stock of the howse to buy plate viz. one nest of pots one nest of booles, and in v gilt spones to make up one dozen, and in exchange of a silver pot geven unto the Companie by M r George Corrons' who deputed his lief beinge m r of the companie. 10th March, 1599. Richard Larden on being admitted to the Livery presented one " beaker ot silver p cell gylt." 15th April, 1600. John Robson being made free made a similar gift, as also, 3rd June, 1600, did Walter Meeke on the like occasion. .16th August, 1602. This daie John Izard" presented to this Courte one litle columpne salte w" 1 a Cover of silver and guylte and prayeth to be discharged from bearinge the office of M r of this Companye which guyfte was loveinglye accepted and his requeste willingely graunted. 19th July, 1603. Nicholas Kellaway (Assistant) presented two standing cups of silver, to be discharged the ofhce of Steward of the Mayor's feast. 8th November, 1604. This daie it is ordered that M r Johnsons 3 Cupp and Cover the three Beakers and M r Sprignalls 4 and M r ShirlockC Cup and Cover shalbe p°ntly 5 altered unto such servisable plate as the M rs shall thinke fyt. 31st May, 1608. The executors of Nicholas Kellaway delivered to the Wardens "one uprighte Bowie of silver duble gylt." 9th February, 161 2. This daie it is agreed that the soiiie of x 1 ' or xx m'kes shall be layed out to bye 3 cupes w th the name of M r Bird 6 thereon to be engraved. 22nd August, 1614. This daie Peter Thorney brought in ^ delyvered unto this Court two spout pottf the one all guilt the other p'cell guilt of the valew of twentie poundf w c " were gyven by the last will of M r Thomas Thorney 7 deceassed \v c " pottf were thanckfullie receaved. 1 Master 1575. - Warden 1590, 1593, 1596. 3 Master 1543. * Master 1554. 4 Presently — at once. " Master 1590. r Master 1602. 494 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4th October, 16 14. Mr. Ralph Bovey 1 gave, in lieu of fining for three Warden's places, "one fayre quart spout pott p cell guilt." 1 2th February, 16 16. Mr. Isaac Allen gave a standing cup and cover value 20 nobles to be excused coming on the Livery or bearing any office. 2nd July, 1622. Edward Kellet gave a " fayre mounsier bowle guilt " to be discharged of his place in the livery. 17th October, 1622. Mr. Gillam gave "three saltf white" of the value of £ 1 2 1 os. 9th November, 1628. Bartholomew Vanderlashe, a German jarofessing Surgery, gave a standing cup and cover gilt weighing 23 ozs. 20th June, 1629. It is alsoe ordered that there shalbe made fower Garlandf of silver enamelled garnished and sett forth after the neatest manner according to the discretion of the present Governors for the choise of new Maisters and the coste thereof to be borne of the stock of this house. (See illustrations of these on pp. 2jg, jyg and 422.) 2nd December, 1630. This daie trfis Court takeing into their considerations of that affectionate love of M r John Bancks late Cittizen and Mercer of London deceased, the sonne of M' Thomas Bancks~ heretofore an ancient Maister of this Companie, not onely expressed in his liefe tyme to the poore of this Companie, by giveing xx s yearely for ever, but also at the tyme of his death to the generalitye of this Companie soe large and bountiful a legacy viz ; One bason and ewer double gilt with his armes of gentrye, the Mercers armes, and our Companies armes embossed thereon, xx 1 ' for a dinner for the livery on the daie of his funerall and our Companies armes in a small round frame depicted in glasse, doe in all loveing and thanckfull respective gratitude to soe free and liberall a benefactor, order that the p^nte M rs or Governors shall at the chardge of this house take course that the said M r John Bancke his picture be forthwith procured from the executors and carryed to M r Greenebury and be taken forth and depicted in a frame in the self same manner as that picture is and hung up in some convenient place in our Hall, that thereby so free and memorable acts of so liberall a benefactor may not be overwhelmed in oblivion but be p°petually had in remembrance and eternized to all posteritie. 1 Master 1617. - Master 1596. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 495 9th April, 1632. "A gilt beere boll and cover" weighing 20^ ozs. was presented by Mr. Dominic Lomeline's" executors. 1 6th August, 1632. Mr. Thomas Borne 2 having bequeathed £6 1 35. 4d. to the Company to buy a piece of plate, it was ordered that " there shalbe a faire silver salt white, with scroules of the new fashion bought and his name ingraven thereon." 2nd January, 1635. Mr - Robert Allott, Doctor in Phisick of St. John's Coll : Cambridge and free of the Company, gave a large round silver salt white with three scrolls, and with his arms and an inscription engraved thereon. 1636. The Company having spent large sums of money in the erection of the Theatre, and being short of cash, an order was made to sell the whole of the Yeomanry's Plate, excepting a beer bowl the gift of Mr. James Kent. 1637. It having come to the knowledge of the Court that Mr. Alexander Baker (Master 1622) had bequeathed to the Company a cup and cover which was withheld by his executors, a suit was commenced against them. 19th May, 1637. This daye was presented to this Court by a suite & decree made in his Ma'f Court of Request^ one standing Cupp and Cover gilt of M' Alexander Bakers gift weighing 131 ounces. 19th May, 1637. Alsoe according to orders of former Courtf of Assistants the plate viz 1 W" Kelletts cupp 21 oz. one cupp & cover Vanderlash 23 oz. & halfe. 3 beere bolls dropps 38 oz. 3 flatt gobletts 61 oz. & halfe. 4 tankerds 92 oz. & a halfe. 1 salt & cover Izard 9 oz. 4 standing cupps &: Covers yeomanrye 102 oz. being all guilt plate amounting to 347 oz. at 5 s 4'' p n oz. cometh to 92" 10 s 8 d Alsoe one white cupp Turner 9 oz. 1 white cupp Harding 5 oz. 1 white cupp Bostock 10 oz. 3 beere bolls vaughan 26 oz. 3 white beakers 31 oz. 3 white salts Guilham 40 oz. 1 white boll Lakin 10 oz. 3 wine bolls white 16 oz. & a halfe being white plate weighing 149 oz. 3 quarters at 4 s xj' 1 1 Master 1629. ■ Master 1628. 496 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. the ounce was sould for 36" 16 s 4' 1 Soe that the whole money received for the plate that was sould cometh to in toto 129" 07 s w d ' sale is by this Court confirmed & ordered y' that money received shall be imployed towardf the buildingf now in hand. 31st October, 1642. Whereas heretofore by Order of the Lords & Comons in Parliament assembled Our Company was proportioned to pay and lend 800'' at 8 1 ' p° cent towards and for nothing else than the releife of Ireland. Upon which our Company did humbly certifie the Lord Maior of the Citty of our inability to pay any part of the said 800 1 ' Yet for that the present occasions forceing for presente Releife It was Ordered That 400 1 ' should be taken up at Interest and payd over into the Chamber of London for that and noe other purpose. And that now the Company would take up such a quantity of money but cannott obteyne soe much, It is now ordered That the Kings Cupp and Cover shalbe kept, And that the Ma s & Wardens shall take out all our plate and view it and see which of it is fitt to be sold and that every parcell of that plate which shalbe sold a patterne or fashion of it shalbe drawne in paper and the perticuler Letters Writeings or Graveings shall likewise be written on that paper. To the intent that when the said ffoure Hundred Pounds with the Interest at 8 1 ' p. centum shalbe repayd the said Plate shalbe made againe in the same ffashions & writeings upon them as now they are which this Court doth order shall fully and really be performed accordingly when the said 400 1 ' and Interest shalbe repayd. The following entry is curious from the fact of a blank having been no doubt purposely left in the Minutes The Company, who had been already plucked by the Parliament, evidently feared violence in that quarter, but were afraid to put it on record, and therefore very prudently left a hiatus in the Minutes. 24th May, 1643. Whereas this Company is assessed at 8" p° weeke for 3 moneths which they are noe wayes able to pay In regard wee are soe much in debt and that the Hall may be preserved from violence of It is now Ordered That the plate in the Hall that is not guilt plate shalbe by the M r and Wardens delivered over at the best rate to deliver soe much amounting to 96 11 " By the Wardens' Accounts it appears that plate was sold to the extent of ^94 1 6s. od. 29th April, 1645. O n reference to p. 140, it will be seen that no less than 1,120 oz. of plate was pawned to M rs Crosse. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 49-/ 29th April, 1646. The M r & Wardens acquainting this Court That the Companye's plate is redeemed from M r Steele at his request who married M rs Crosse to whome it was formerly pawned in her Widowhood and is now in the Treasury. This Court doth think it not convenient to be kept in the house ' and doth order that it be delivered into the hands of M r John Browne 2 for the better secureity of the 200 11 this Company oweth him and of the 100" more which he hath promised by M r Warden Browne to lend the Company at vj" p° ceiitn p° ann. 14th May, 1646. The plate was pawned to Mr. John Browne for ^300 at 6 per cent. 29th April, 1647. It was ordered that it should be redeemed, and it was on the 17th May following all brought back to the Hall. 7th December, 1648. The plate was again pawned to Mr. John Browne, of Westminster, for ,£250. 19th March, 1649. The Court were so severely pressed by Assessments for the Army, and being unable to borrow any more money under the Company's seal, resolved after much deliberation to absolutely sell Plate to the value of ^300. 19m July, 1649. Our M R acquainted This Court That UPON SALE OF THE CoMPANYES PLATE M r EdWARD ARRIS BOUGHT Kinc; Henry the Eighths Cup and Cover and hath freely given it againe to this Company. 1890. The following plate is now in the Company's possession : A handsome standing silver gilt Grace cup and Cover (265 ozs.) presented by King Henry VIII in 1540 in commemoration of the union of the Barbers with the Surgeons. This cup is elaborately chased and enriched with badges of the Tudor Rose, Portcullis, and Fleur-de-lys ; the cover is surmounted with the Crown Imperial under 1 Probably in fear of its being forcibly seized. • An Assistant. 3 s im c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4qq which are the arms of France and England quarterly, with the lyon and greyhound as supporters. There are four bells pendant from the cup which are referred to by Pepys as follows : — Among other observables at Chyrurgeon's Hall wo drunk the King's health out of a gilt cup, given by King Henry viij., to the Company, with bells hanging at it, which every man is to ring by shaking after he hath drunk up the whole cup. — Diary, 2-ji/t February, 1662-3. This cup although it has been stolen, pawned and sold, yet remains to us, one of the most precious relics of our past. It appears by the Wardens' Accounts, that in 1669 John Knight, Serjeant- Surgeon, who was Master, had the cup repaired and a case made for it ; Serjeant Knight was again Master 1677-8, when he caused a plate to be fixed within the cover with this inscription — Henrici R. Munificentia Ne Posteris Ignota Maneat Johannis Knight R.C.P.' 1678. In the bowl of the Cup is an outline engraving of the old coat of the Barbers, impaling the cognizance of the Surgeons in one shield {see p. 435). King Charles II in 1676 presented us with a very handsome and unique parcel gilt standing cup and cover, surmounted by the crown imperial, and having within the same the Royal arms, supporters and crown (68 ozs.). This Cup is known as " The Royal Oak Cup " (commemorative of the King's escape at Boscobel), its stem and base representing the trunk and roots of an oak tree ; the bowl or upper part is surrounded with oak leaves, branches, wreaths of Mowers, escallop shells, and pendant acorns as bells from shields. The Company's arms are engraved on one shield, on another the crest, on the third is the following inscription :— " Donum Munificentissimi Regis Caroli Secundi Anno 1676," and on the last shield — " Impetrantibus Chirurgis Regiis 1 Regis Chir. Principalis (Chief Surgeon to the King). % S 2 WO oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Johanne Knight Chirurgo Regis Principali et Jacobo Pearse Eodem Anno Societatis Magistro." KING CHARLES CUP, QUEEN ANNE'S PUNCH BOWL AND ATKINSON'S PUNCH LADLES. This James Pearse, surgeon to the King and the Duke of York, was Master in 1675, and his wife will be well remembered as one of Samuel Pepys' friends and gossips. Queen Anne in 1 704 presented the Company with a fine and massive punch bowl (160 ozs.) bearing this inscription : — Societati Chirurgorum Londin : Ob fidem et diligentiam In examinandis Chirurgis In Classe Regia merituris Dono dedit Serenissima Regina ANNA Principum c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 501 Optima 1704: Impetravit Carolus Bernardus Arm. Chir. Reg. Pr. Hujus Societatis Magister. Four large loving cups and covers. These are all of similar design though of different sizes, the covers have each a handle formed as an effigy of a Roman soldier, and each cup bears the Company's arms engraved thereon. 1st. Martin Browne's cup (45 ozs.). He was an eminent Surgeon and Master in 1653 ; on one side is engraved a shield quarterly, 1st and 4th three Estoilles, 2nd and 3rd three Escallops and a Horn, "Charisma Martini Browne Armigeri Nuper Senatoris Ciuitatis Londin- ensis & Prsefecti Societatis Barbitonsor & Chirurgor 1653." 2nd. Thomas Bowden's cup (38 ozs.). He was third Warden 1654. On one side is engraved a shield quarterly, with a lyon passant on the first quarter only. The motto of the Company is misspelt thus, " de Pricipiencia dei," and the cup bears this inscription, " Ex dono Thomse Bowdeni Chirurgi et hujus Societatis Gubernatorum quarti Anno Dni. 1654." 3rd. Sir John Frederick's cup (38 ozs. 10 dwt.). He was Master 1654 and 1658, and Lord Mayor 1662. This cup is engraved with Sir John's shield, on a chief three doves, and the Company's motto is again misspelt. The inscription is, " The guift of John Fredricke Alderman and of This Societie Master Anno Dhi 1654." • 4th. Thomas Bell's cup (65 ozs.). On one side is engraved Mr. Bell's Coat of arms, on a chief three Bells, and there is this inscription, " The Gift of Thomas Bell Chirurgion to y c Worshipfull Company of Barbor Chirurgions London July 28 th 1663." Four silver goblets or wine cups (^t, oz.). Each is inscribed — The guift of Edward Arris Chirurgion Master of the Company Anno Domini 1651. MARTIN BROWNE'S AND SIR JOHN FREDERICK'S LOVING CUPS. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. W A silver flagon with handle and spout (54 oz. 10 dwt.) the gift of Thomas Collins, Master 1648. The arms engraved are, on a bend three martlets and a crescent for difference all within a bordure ermine ; fifes? Company of Barbers, London. ) This picture is now hung up in the corridor. The following is but little more than a List of the Pictures now at Barbers' Hall, a full account of which has been already written by Mr. C. J. Shoppee. s-, the particulars of the purchase and of the picture are set out in the Court Minutes of this date. Mr. Shoppee has surmised that this is a portrait of John Bancks, but though his portrait was ordered to be painted, I do not find that it ever was, and it is not once mentioned in any of the numerous early inventories of pictures. The Minutes of 1844 are > however, so precise as to leave no further doubt on this point, viz., that it is a portrait of Linneus. The Holbein Picture. King Charles II Picture, artist unknown. Purchased by the Company 1 720-1 721. Inigo Jones' Picture, by Sir A. Vandyke. Thomas Lisle's Picture, artist unknown. Sir John Frederick's Picture, artist unknown. Purchased by the Company, 1665- 1666. Serjeant-Surgeon Charles Bernard's Picture. This picture was painted by Mr. Murray in 171 1, the Company paying him ,£12 iar. for it. The Duchess of Richmond's Picture, by Sir Peter Lely. c/tmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/^ Henry Johnson's Picture, artist unknown. Mr. Johnson was Master 1677 ; he has been erroneously described as " Serjeant Surgeon" and "Serjeant Knight," but never held the first office, and there is no such dignity as " Serjeant Knight." The fact is that Mr. Johnson dying in his year of Master, was succeeded by John Knight, Serjeant Surgeon (commonly called "Serjeant Knight") and Mr. Knight's name being so written under Mr. Johnson's in an old list of Masters, has been taken as the title of an office ! Ephraim Skinner's Picture, artist unknown. Bernard Baron's red crayon study of Holbein's picture. "Two Spanish Pictures." These were so called in the old Inventories. There was also in the Inventory of 1720 "A picture of the Prince Elector Palatine," but this subsequently disappeared, though the " Spanish pictures " remained in the Inventories for many years. Mr. Shoppee suggests that they are the portraits of Frederick Casimir and his wife Elizabeth. At the top of one of them is a shield of arms, being the coat of Byrkes or Brykes. Queen Anne's Picture, artist unknown. All the foregoing Pictures are hung in the Court Room. In the Committee Room are various pictures, engravings and portraits of recent Masters. In the Vestibule to the Court Room is an ancient list of Masters and Wardens on Vellum, enclosed with oak folding doors. It is not, however, very accurate. It was at the Hall in 1720, and probably for many years previously. The list was rewritten over the old lettering in 1865. (See head piece, p. 1.) BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF EMINENT MEMBERS. HENRY NEVILL, FOURTH LORD OF BURGAVENNY. This Lord was the son of Sir George Nevill, third Lord of Burgavenny, by Mary, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. He succeeded his father in 1535, and was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons on the 26th August, 1584. In 1586 he was one of the Commissioners appointed to try Mary Queen of Scots. For striking the Earl of Oxford in the Chamber of Presence, he was put under arrest, but managed shortly after to obtain a pardon and his freedom. oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/5 He married Frances, daughter of Thomas Earl of Rutland, by whom he left at his decease, ioth February, 1557, an only daughter Elizabeth (the wife of Sir Thomas Fane), who was subsequently created Baroness le Despencer. LORD WINDSOR. 25th June, 1631. This daie o r M r signifying to the Court the affectionatenes of the right hono b,c the Lord Thomas Windsor Knight of the noble order of the bath and Barron Windsor of Bradenham, w ch this Court Loveingly and gratefullie embraceing doe graunt his Lo p! request and thereupon the said Lord was here in Court admitted and sworne free brother of this Corporacon. Alsoe the said Thomas Lord Windsor was by o r M r received into the Clothing or livery of this Companie and had a livery hood layed upon his lo ps shoulder. Lord Windsor at one time resided in Monkwell Street, close to the Hall; he was chosen a Knight of the Bath 1610, at the creation of Henry, Prince of Wales. He was subsequently Rear-Admiral of the Fleet sent by James I to bring Prince Charles out of Spain, and on that occasion entertained on board ship the Grandees of the Court of Spain with princely magnificence. His Lordship married Lady Katherine Somerset daughter of Edward, fourth Earl of Worcester, K.G., but dying without issue on the 6th June, 1642, he was succeeded by his nephew Thomas Windsor- Hickman, the son of his elder sister Elizabeth. THE DUKE OF MONMOUTH, K.G. James Scott, the natural son of Charles II, was born 9th April, 1649, and created Duke of Monmouth in 1663. The same year, on the 7th May, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, in company with Alexander Lord Leven, Richard Hopton, and Thomas Rosse, Esquires. The history of this unfortunate man is well known, and cul- minated in his being beheaded on the 15th July, 1685. 3 u 2 5 ,6 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ALEXANDER, SECOND EARL OE LEVEN. This nobleman was the grandson of the celebrated General Sir Alexander Leslie, First Earl of Leven, whom he succeeded in 1662. On the 7th May, 1663, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, in company with the Duke of Monmouth. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Howard, and sister of the Earl of Carlisle, but died without issue male, in 1663. His kinsman George, fourth Lord Melville, was a staunch adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, and involved in the rebellion, but was lucky enough to escape into Holland ; he was, however, attainted and his estates forfeited in 1685, but coming back to England with William III his estates and dignity were restored to him. SIR JOHN AYLEF. Sir John Avlef was an eminent Surgeon and probably born about 1490. Diligent search has been made for his parentage, but without success. In his will he refers to seven "poor" people "being of my kynn dwelling in Grenewiche," and from the fact that he had a grant of arms instead of in- heriting a paternal coat, as also the silence of his immediate descendants when register- ing the pedigrees at the Heralds' Visitations (who must have known but did not care to register Sir John's father), it may be assumed that he was of humble origin. He was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers prior to 1522 and served the office of Warden 1530, 1532 and 1535, being chosen Master 1538. At this time he was Surgeon to Henry VIII and had c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/7 cured him of a fistula, for which the king granted him the manor of Gryttenham in Wiltshire, part of the lands of the Abbey of Malmesbury. Henry also bequeathed by his will ioo marks to Aylef. Mr. Aylef, being elected on ist August, 1548, served the office of Sheriff 1548-9, and in Wriothesley's Chronicle under date 1549 we read — The third daie of March being Shrove Sondaie M r Henry Amcottes Lord Maior of London was presented to the Kinges Maiestie at his pallace at Westminster. And after the oration made by M r Recorder to his Maiestie and aunswere again by my Lord Chauncelor unto the maior and aldermen, the Kinges Maiestie made my Lord Maior, Knight, and M r William Locke, Alderman, and M r John Ayliffe, barbar surgeon, sheriffes of London for this yeare, were made knightes also in the Chambre of Presens, the Kinges Maiestie standing under his cloath of estate. Two days afterwards Sir John had a grant of arms from Sir Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux, and shortly after was elected Alderman of Dowgate Ward. He seems to have relinquished his profession of a Surgeon and to have become a Merchant, holding the important office of Master of Blackwell Hall, one of the greatest commercial centres of the period, and residing at the Hall, in the parish of St. Michael Bassishaw. On the 28th May, 1550, he was chosen the first Alderman of the newly-created ward of Bridge Without, some interesting particulars of which may be seen in Stow's Survey (ed. 1633, p. 446) ; while in Wriothesley's Chronicle, under date 1550, we also read — Memorandum. Wednesday in the Whitson weeke, at a Court of the Aldermen kept in the Guyldhall, Sir John Aliffe, Knight, and master of Blackwell Hall, was sworne an alderman of the Bridg ward without, and to have the jurisdiction of the Borough of Southwark, and 2 deputies to be appointed there to assist him, which was the first alderman that ever was there, which was done by the advise of my Lord Mayor and th'' Aldermen, for the better order to be kept there, and for the more quietnes of the Mayors hereafter to come, and the good order of the Kinges subjectes there, accordinge 5/# cAh mils of the Barber-Surgeons. to the lawes of the City ; and the Fryday after he rode with my Lord Mayor all the precint of Southwarke, my Lord Mayor havinge a certeine nomber of the honest persons of the borough at the bridg-house, to whom he shewed theyr alderman, and appointed deputies under him, and so hereafter to see a good order to be kept in the Borough, as in other wardes of the citye of London. Sir John subsequently removed to his old ward of Dowgate (and continued Alderman there till his death, his successor being chosen 12th November, 1556). After his election as Alderman he was translated to the Grocers' Company, of which ancient guild he was crowned Upper Warden, 9th June, 1556, in view of his election as Lord Mayor for which he stood next in nomination, and to which office, had he lived but a few weeks longer, he would in all probability have been chosen. He was married to Isabel Buckell of Warwickshire, and by her had four children, John, Erkynwald, Mary and Alice. His son John and great grandson George, were both knighted. His widow, Dame Isabel, had a grant of arms by Thomas Hawley (3 & 4 Ph. & M.) ar. a fesse vaire or and az. betw. three doves ppr. bearing in their beaks a branch gu. Sir John Aylef's funeral is thus recorded in Machyn's Diary, 1556 — The xx of October was bered ser John Olyff knyght and altherman, and sum- tym he was surgantt 1 unto kyng Henry the viij"', and after he was shreyff of London ; and he had levyd tylle the next yere he had byn mayre, for he tornyd from the Surgens unto the Grosers ; and bered at sant Myghelles in Bassynghall, with a harold of armes bayryng ys cott armur, and with a standard and a pennon of armes, and iiij baners of emages, and ij grett whytt branchys, and iiij grett tapurs and dosen of torchys ; and mony powre men had gownes ; and with a elmett, targat, and sword ; and the crest a crowne and a holyfftre~ standyng with-in the crowne. For the inscription on Sir John Aylef's tomb, which formerly stood in St. Michael's Bassishaw, see page 89. 1 Serjeant Surgeon. ■ Olive tree. aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 519 Sir John Aylef's will, dated 26th September, 1556, was proved 24th December, 1556. He was, he says, At this present somewhat sicke in bodye ; — ffirst and principally I give and comend my soule unto Almightie god and to my Savio r and Redemer Jesus Christ his onely begotten sonne by and throughe the merittf of whose bytter passion I truste to have Remission of my synnes and to the holie goste three parsons and one god and to all the holye & blessed companye of heaven, and my bodye to be buried in holie grave in suche decent order as to the goode discretion of my Executors hereafter named shalbe thought mete and convenient for myne Estate and degree withoute pompe or glorie. To the parson of St. Michael Bassishaw for tithes and obla- tions forgotten 20s. To every priest singing in that church 10s. To the clerk of the same church 55-. To the sexton 3s. \d. To the repair and maintenance of that church .£5. To the parson of Pricklewell, Essex, for tithes and oblations forgotten, 20.?. To the reparation of that church £4. To the chapel of Bridewell in London £5, and one vestment for a priest to say mass there when the chapel should be made ready. His goods and chattels in London he directs to be divided into three parts, whereof one-third to his wife, one-third to his daughters Marie and Alice and the other third to his executors to the performance of the will. Having already given his sons John and Erkynwald ,£300 apiece, he gives ^100 more to each. To Elizabeth Harvard £10. To Robert Buckle (his wife's brother) ^10, and to each of his children 40.?. To William Symson, his servant, ^10. To John More, his servant, ^"10. To John Etonfelde .£5. To Gyles Strowden, his clerk, ,£3. To Christopher Vaughan, his clerk, £2. To Thornton, his clerk, £2. To Bromefelde, his clerk, £2. To Millecent, "my Wyfes kinswoman servant in my howse," ^20. To " Joane her sister my maide," ^20. To every one of his servants in London and the country 20s. To Thomas Eson, if he remain in Lady Aylef's service, £5. To George Vaughan, 1 — 1 Master of the Barber-Surgeons 1569. He died 26th December, 1569. z,20 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. My boke of Guydo and all my Instrument^ Boxes and other that dothe in any wise belonge to Surgerie. To Mr. Vykarie £$. Item I bequethe to the company of Grocers for a repaste tenne poundf. Item to their clerke xx s - Item to their bedell xx s Item I give to the companye of harbors for a repaste at my buryall fyve poundf and to the beddell of the same company of barbors tenne shillings Item I give to the governors of the hospitalls belonginge to the citie of London to make them a dynner at my buryall fyve poundes and to every of the beddles of the said hospital^ one blacke Coote and iij s iiij' 1 in money. To the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge £\o each, "to be distributed to the comfort of the poore Scolers w' h in the said univ'sites." To poor householders in St. Michael Bassishaw " where I dwell" £4, and to those of St. Alban, Wood Street, £2. " Item to the pore householders in the parishe where the barbors hall dothe stande," xx s . To poor householders in St. Michael, Oueenhithe £2. To the poor prisoners in Newgate 40jr., in the two Counters 40s., in Ludgate \os., in the Marshalsea 20.?., in the King's Bench 20s., and in the Gatehouse at Westminster 10s. " Item to every of the sixe Lazar howses abowte London x\" To the poor in Bethlem 20^. To the poor in the hosj^itals of the City ^100 (over and above ^100 he had already given). To five poor men and two poor women being " of my kynn dwelling in Grenewiche in Kent to eiche of them xl s and a gowne of suche Clothe to eiche of theym as shalbe given to the poore at my buryall And my mynde and will ys that yf any other of the poore of my kynn shall w th in one yeare and a daye next after my decease come to myne Executours approvinge them selfes sufficiently to be of my kynne & blinde That then every of them shall have xx s ." To his wife Isabel, the lease of his farm at Pricklewell with all the stock there " except my Ryding geldingf ," also the lease of his woods there, on certain conditions. To his son Erkynwald the lease of his farm of Fambridge, in Essex, with remainder to Erkynwald's son William, and after him to Martha (William's sister), and in the event of all of them aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 52 1 dying without issue to Christ's Hospital, Bridewell, and St. Thomas' Hospital. Testator recites that Henry VIII granted to him and his wife Isabel and their heirs the manor of "Greteman" (Gryttenham), Wilts, and that he was seised in fee of the parsonage of Wakeringe (near Rochford, Essex), and of a marsh called Alforde Nash, in the parish of Estwood (near Rochford). All of this property he bequeaths, after the death of Lady Isabel to his son John, with remainder to Erkynwald, then to Marie and Alice, and in the event of all them dying without issue to the three hospitals aforesaid. To the poor of the parish of Bassingham (eight miles S.W. of Lincoln) ^20 for coals. (Query : Was Sir John born here?) To three score maids marriages in London ^20. To Elizabeth Glasier 405. Residue to the Lady Isabel. Exectitors, John Southcott (Under Sheriff of London), Richard Grafton, Grocer, and Lady Isabel Aylef. To Southcott and Grafton ^20 each. Overseers, Sir Rowland Hill, 1 Laurence Withers, and John Machell, 2 Aldermen, and to each of them a black gown and £\o, also a black gown to each of their wives. Sir John Aylef's name has been spelt in many ways, Aylif, Ailiff, Alif, Olyff, Ailyffe, etc. ; in his will it is spelt Aliff. But this family must not be confounded with that of John Oliphe, Alderman and Sheriff 1569, buried at St. Laurence Pountney, 4th July, 1577; although Wilson, in his History of that parish, at p. 232, mistakes John the son of that Alderman for John the son of our Alderman. For some notices of the Aylefs see Aubrey's collections for Wilts, and Marshall's Visitation of Wilts. The pedigree is compiled principally from Harl. MSS. 897, 1 165 and 1443. 1 Lord Mayor, 1540. ■ Sheriff, 1554. 3 x 522 (lAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. THOMAS VICARY, 1 Serjeant-Surgeon. Thomas Vicary was probably born between 1490 and 1500, and is stated in Manningham's Diary to have been "at first a meane practiser in Maidstone until! the King advanced him for curing his sore legge." In 1525 he was third Warden of the Barbers' Company, and in 1528 Upper Warden and one of the Surgeons of Henry VIII with ^20 a year. In 1530 he was Master of the Company and appointed Serjeant-Surgeon, which latter office he held until his death. In 1539 Henry granted him a beneficial lease for 21 years of the Rectory and tithes of the dissolved Abbey of Boxley in Kent. In 1 541 Vicary was chosen Master of the Barber-Surgeons, to which office he was again elected in 1546, 1548, and 1557 having thus held the chief place in the Company no less than five times — an honour to which no other member has ever attained. In the Holbein picture Vicary is represented as receiving the Charter from the King. In 1542 he and his son William were appointed by the King Bailiffs of the Manor of Boxley, and five years later he married his second wife, Alice Bucke. In 1548 Vicary was appointed a Governor of St. Bartho- lomew's Hospital, and soon afterwards became the Resident Surgical Governor there ; in June, 1552, he was made " one of the assistants of this house (St. Bartholomew's) for the terme of his lyffe." In 1548 he published his celebrated book "The Anatomie of the bodie of man," no copy of the first edition of which is now known to be extant. On the 27th January, 1 56 1 , Vicary made his will, which was proved in London 7th April, 1562. The will, which is set out in full in Dr. Furnivall's book, is too long to give here in extenso, but the following extracts will be found of interest. ' This notice of Vicary is partially condensed from the exhaustive account of him, written by Dr. F. J. Furnivall, and published in the Early English Text Society. Extra series LIII. oAmials of tbe Barber-Surgeons. 523 Item I will that the masters of the livery of my Companie he at my burial), and they to have xl s for theire dinners, to be delivered to the wardens at theire commyng to my buriall. And to Johnson the Clarke of the Com- pany, vj s viij d And in consideration of my evell and necliget service done to god and to his poore members, the poore of this hospitall of St. Barthelmewes where I now dwell, in recompence whereof, and for the discharge of my concience, I give and bequeath to thuse of the saide poore, tenne poundes in monney. Item I give and bequeath xb in monney to and amongest fortie poore householders of the saide p'ish of little sainte barthelmewes, that is to saye, to every house- holder xij* Also I give and bequeathe I s in monney to thospitler, matron, stuarde, Cooke, and porter offecer of the saide hospitall, that is to saye, to every of them x b . . . . To Thomas Skair, my apprentis, vj s viij d ... I give and bequeath to Roberte Baltropp' my best gowne garded with velvet, furred and faced with Sables, my Cote of braunched velvete, and a sering 3 of silver, parcell gilte. Also I give and bequeath to Thomas Bayly 3 my gowne of browne blue lyned and faced with blacke budge, 4 my cassocke of blacke satten fured and garded with velvet, my best plaister box, gamisshed with silver, my salvitory 5 of silver, and a sering = of silver, with all other instrument^ of silver. Item I bequeathe to Robert Muddesley 6 my best single gowne faced with blacke satten. To George Vaughan, 7 my doblet of crimson satten . . . Also I give and bequeath unto the hawle of my company one booke called Guido 8 and ij billes ij bowes ij shefes of Arrowes ij bracers ij shoting gloves ij Sculles one hand gune and one Jack Item I give and bequeath to master Skynner 9 one half hacke one Jack and one murren And to Henry Picton my s°vnte aforesaide one booke called Jolr'es Vigo. 10 All the residue of my bookes stuff and instrument^ appertaining to surgery I give and bequeath unto the same Henry Picton and Richard Vener equally betwen them to be devided. The remainder of his property was bequeathed to his nephews Thomas and Stephen (sons of his late brother William Vicary, of Boxley), and to his widow Alice. 1 Master 1565 and 1573, Serjeant-Surgeon. -Syringe. 3 Warden 1559. 1 Lambskin with the wool dressed outwards. 5 A kind of plaster box or small repository. 6 Master 1572 and 1580. ; Master 1569. 8 Guido de Cauliaco, one of the principal Surgery text books of the time. Warden 1548. '" A well-known surgical work. ■X X 2 524 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. RICHARD FERRIS, Serjeant-Surgeon. But little is known of Richard Ferris, though he was doubtless a man of repute, as Gale speaks approvingly of him, and he held the office of Serjeant-Surgeon in Queen Elizabeth's time ; his portrait is preserved by Holbein in our great picture, and Henry VIII, by his will, bequeathed him ioo marks. He was twice Master of the Barber-Surgeons, viz., in 1 55 1 and 1562. His will, dated 17th March, 1566, was proved on the 22nd April, 1566, wherein he describes himself as "Richard Ferres Serjant Surgion unto the quenes majestie, sick of bodie." He gives to " Em," his wife, his house, field, and orchard at Paddington for her life, with remainder to his daughter Thomazine, and to her also the lease of the house where he then dwelt in St. Giles, Cripplegate. In the event of their deaths without issue, the property to be sold and distributed amongst the poor in the discretion of his overseer, John Field 1 and Dr. Gregorie Wisdom, except 405. to his cousin Johanne Sympson. To his daughter Thomazine his " Courte bedd and bedstede," also a feather bed and bedstead furnished, half a garnish of pewter vessels, &c, and £$0 which was owing to him by Dr. Cunningham (Reader at Barber-Surgeons' Hall). Item I give and bequeth unto the Companie of Barbo" and S°gions twentie Shillings in monney a grete Pandack and an other booke called a verroyce. To John ffelde my late sf vaunt all my other bookes bothe of Surgerie and others excepet ffoure of theim \v dI I give unto John Griffine my Apprentice. Also I give and bequeth unto the said John ffeld all my S^gerie stuff and all my Instrumetes both of silver and other and also my gowne furred w" 1 ffox w ch I comonlie Ride in. Item I will and bequeth unto Thomas Baylie* one Booke called Peter de argilate and the Staff w dl he gave me. The residue to his wife, and she appointed executrix with John Field overseer. 1 Master 1577. 2 Warclen 1559. «S o U s l J ^ t& o e -J 5* ^ r- rr. eo cv CV n CO i c/lnmils of the Barber-Surgeons. 5*5 JOHN PEN. Much time has been spent in the endeavour to ascertain John Pen's parentage, but with- out success. Among the Domestic State Papers, Henry VIII, Vol. I (No. 4064) is the grant of a corrody or sustentation from the Monastery of Abbotsbury to Robert Pen " one of the Gentlemen of the Chapel " and to John Pen, his son, for life. The date of this document is 9th March, 15 14, and as John Pen was a retainer of the King's, which this grant would also seem to imply, and had a son whom he named Robert, there is the possibility that this Robert Pen, the Gentleman of the Chapel, was his father. John Pen was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers in 1527, and his birth may probably be put at 1 500-1 505. He was by profession a barber, and evidently a friend of King Henry VIII, who advanced him from Groom of the Privy Chamber to the honorable position of King's Barber, an office which was only bestowed upon the most trusty and confidential of the King's attendants ; the life of the sovereign being in his barber's hands. (See pp. 90 and 91.) Pen served the office of Master in 1539, and his portrait is in the Holbein picture. He married, about 1530, Lucy, daughter and heiress of Edmond Chevall of Sissivernes, in Codicote, Herts, and by her he had a good estate. In 1545 Henry granted him the manor of Codicote and the demesne lands of the late dissolved Abbey of St. Alban's for ^826 gs. 4j4^-, to hold by the forty-fifth part of a knight's fee. The King also bequeathed him 100 marks by his will. By an Inquisition taken at West Barnet 1 8th October, 5 & 6 S26 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. Ph. & M., it was found that John Pen died 21st August, 1558, and that Thomas, his son and heir, was then of the age of 25 years and 9 months. John Pen's Will, dated 15th August, 1558, was proved by his widow on the 6th May, 1559. Coleman in his list of Wills of the Pen family states that a second grant of Probate was taken of this Will by Gyles Pen on 10th October, 1560, but this is absolutely incorrect ; on this date the Will of one Gyles Peny of Halstocke in Dorsetshire was proved, and Mr. Coleman has confounded this in a remarkable way with John Pen's Will, with which it has no connection whatever. That Pen was not, or did not know that he was, a connection of the Pens of Bucks, is most likely, as he obtained a grant of arms for himself, in which the combs on either side of the lion of England are typical of his office of King's Barber. These arms were I st & 4 th Ar. on a fesse gu. betw. three peacocks az. a lyon pass. guar, or betw. two combs of the first (Pen) 2 d & 3 rd Or three horses' heads couped sa. bridled ar. (Cheval). The following is the text of his will : — In the name of uod amen The xv"' day of August Annis v" et vj to Regf et Regine I John Penne Esquyre being sicke in body but whole and p r 'fitt in mynde make this my Testament conteynyng therin my last will in man' and fourme following that is to saye ffirst my soule I bequeth almightie god &c and my body to be buryed in the church of Codynte &c Item I bequeth to the high Alter of Codynte &c xx d Item to the high Alter of 'Welwyn xx' 1 Item my will and pleasure is That all wills and declaracons therof heretofore mayde by me at any tyme heretofore to be voyed and of none effecte and that this my last will and Testament be takyn reputed to be my last will and none- other Item I give to ev°y of my doughters Elen Elizabeth and Dorothye fortie poundes in money to be paied at their marriage daye or when they shall come to tlv'age of xvj 11 ' yeres. Yf any of theis iij childern depte this world before their m'riage or xvj"' yeres of age That then the survivors to have the ptf of theym that ar deputed to god. The saied legacy of my saied childern to be levyed out of the man of Sycesvriis w"' thappurtenncC Item I give to Robert Penne his wif two kyne. Item my wyll and pleasure is and also I give to Robert Pen my soune and to his heires my myll of Codynte payng yerely to cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^ij Willm my sonne twentie shilling^ during his naturall lif. The Resydewe of my goodes my debtes and legacf paid I give to Lucy my wif whom I make my sole executrix. Witnesses by me John Pen by me michaell hogkyn. NICHOLAS ALCOCKE. He was admitted to the freedom in 1523, and was Surgeon to Edward VI ; his portrait is in the Holbein picture. He died in the early part of 1550, and his will dated 15th February, 1549-50, was proved 6th May, 1550. In it he describes himself as "One of the Surgions to the Kingf Ma tic " and directs that his body shall be buried in the Church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, near where his children are buried. He leaves one-third of his goods, &c, to his executors for the purposes of his will, one-third to Margaret his wife, and one- third to Elizabeth his daughter on her twenty-first birthday or marriage. To the poor of Swyneshed, Lincolnshire, ^5. Six "sermons" to be made for him at St. Stephen's. For poor maids marriages £/[. To Bartholomew's Hospital 40^'. To George Brykesworth of Glaston- bury, Surgeon, his best lute, and to Elizabeth Alcocke (testator's daughter) his virginalls. To Richard Sygans, his servant "asleveles jacket of cloth browne blewe a woorsted doblett a pair of hosen. A payre of bootf and a paire of spurres." To Ann his maidservant a bedstead, a mattress and a coverlet. " I bequeth to Robert Balthorpe late my apprentice my booke called Guido in Englysshe." To Eliz th Smith a bedstead and mattress. To his two god-daughters, the children of Robert Wilson and John Stocks, to each a pewter dish and saucer. I bequeth to John Mason' late my apprentice my bookf called Lanfrank, Johes Arden and an other olde booke w' a bare woodden cov° in Englysshe and the practise of ypocratf . To my wifes father Thomas Tumor my newe coloured gowne garded \v' velvett and faced w" foynes and my best rydinge cote garded w' velvett and my dublett of redde taffeta Also I bequeth to the eldest sonne of my father in lawe my foxe furred gowne Warden 1575. 528 c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. and a dublett w' blewe taffeta sieves and my black moumynge cote. Itfri I bequeth to Robi : t Balthrope some tyme my apprentice my Russett woorsted gowne faced w' calabre' and garded w' velvett. He bequeaths his great house and premises called " ffreshe wharff" in St. Botolph's Billingsgate, of the annual value of £2^ to his daughter Elizabeth, but in the event of her decease before she came of age this wharf to be sold and divided in certain proportions between Bartholomew's Hospital, Thomas Turner, his father-in-law, Thomas and Richard Turner his sons, the poore of Coleman Street, poor maids' marriages, and the mending of highways. He bequeaths some pastures and meadows at Enfield to his wife. He directs his parsonage of Kirkbye, Lincolnshire, with all the tithes and profits to be sold, and 100 marks to be given to Roger Alcocke, his brother's son, 20 marks to his godson Nicholas Spencer, and the residue to be devoted to works of charity in the discretion of his executors. Thomas Archer, gentleman, and Randolph Atkinson, Merchant Taylor, are appointed Executors, and John Wysdome, painter staynor, and John Shireff, Barber-Surgeon, overseers. ROBERT Elizabeth and held that BALTHROP, Serjeant-Surgeon. Robert Balthrop was born in 1522, and about the year 1538 apprenticed to Nicholas Alcock (Surgeon to King Edward VI). He was admitted to the freedom 3rd March, 1545, and to the Livery 20th October, 1552. He served the office of Warden in 1560 and 1564, and was Master of the Company in 1565 and again in 1573. About the year 1562 he was appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen office until his death (9th December, 1 591 ). c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 529 He is buried in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less, where there is (behind the organ) on the south wall of the church, a handsome monument to his memory with this inscription — Here Robert Balthrope lyes intombd, to Elizabeth our Queene, Who Sergeant of the Surgeons sworne neere thrtye yeeres hathe beene. He died at syxtie nine of yeeres December's ninthe the daye The yeere of Grace eight hundred twice deductinge nine a waye Let heere his rotten bones repose, till angells trompet sounde, To vvarne the worlde of present chaunge, and raise the deade from grounde. VIVIT POST FUNERA VIRTUS. Balthrop's will was made about a fortnight before his death (27th November), and therein he directs his body to be buried in St. Bartholomew's the Less, in which parish he then resided. He seems to have amassed a considerable estate and to have made a rather lengthy will, but as a great deal of it is of much interest, especially his inventory of surgical instruments and books, no apology is needed for quoting largely from it. I do give and bequeathe my sowle to the holy and blessed Trinitie the ffather the sonne and the holy ghost three persons and one God allmightie hoping and stedfastly beleevinge to be forgiven and pardoned of all my sinnes and to enjoye the everlastinge and unspeakable felicities of heaven through the merrittf and passion of my only redeemer and saviour Jesus Christ to whome be given all glorie honor and praise nowe and for ever Amen. To poor people in the discretion of his executrix ^10. To John Mason, 1 Chirurgian, dwelling in Long Lane 40^., and a few other small legacies. "To my servauntes," John Deighton, Richard Neill, John Edwards and William Taylor 40s. each. To each of his wife's maids 20s. Also I give to the Company and bequeath to the company of the Barbors and Chirurgions of the Cittie of London for their use in their hall one bell [? beer] bowle with a cover beinge both of silver and gilte weighinge thirty ounces half an ownce and half a quarter of an ownce. Also I give to the M r and Governours of the said Company to make them and the rest of the Cloathinge a Dynner in theire hall after my buryall ffyve ' Warden in 1575, his fellow apprentice with Nich. Alcock. 3 Y 53 o o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. poundes. Also I give and bequeath to the poore people of the said Company fyve poundes. . . Also I bequeath to my moth' M tis Love my golde ringe which hath in it a stone called a Turkey. . . Also I bequeath to my felowe Goodorus 1 one of my Launcettf that is sett in golde and enamyled Also I bequeth to my felowe Baker her maiesties Chirurgion my Syringe of silver gilted and three pypes of silver gilted belonginge to the same. To Mr. Bennett, one of the Queen's footmen, " my Brooch of golde compassed aboute with ragg Rubies." Upon payment of £10, John Gryffyn, 3 surgeon, was to have the lease of his house. To testator's nephew, William Balthrop ^50 " and my greate Ringe of golde with my seale of Amies." To his Nephew Richard Balthrop at the end of his apprenticeship £50 "and my lesser Ringe of golde with my seale of Armes." And to these nephews his lands and tenements at East Greenwich. To John Gryffyn My fyne clothe gowne welted with velvett and faced with Damaske. ... To John Deighton my servaunte my blacke cloth cloake layed with lace and faced with velvett my blacke satten Dublett and my rounde velvett hose. To Richard Neel my servaunt a cloak, doublett and hose. To John Edwards my servaunt my white canvas Dublett that is at the parke with my Rownde velvett hose and my pheasaunt colored cloake with the sleeves and cape faced with russett velvett. Also I give and bequeath to my servauntf that nowe are with me and have bene my servauntes in tyme past which do practize and exercise the art of Chirurgery such thingf of mine belonginge and appertayninge to chirurgerie as are by me given and appointed to them in the Schedule hereunto annexed. To Dorothy, his wife, he gave all the residue of his lands, houses, buildings, goods, chattels, plate, chains of gold, jewels, ready money, &c, and appointed her executrix. Probate was granted 1 6th December, 1591. SCHEDULE. Item I give and bequeathe to my servaunt John Deighton my newe and last made Chirurgery chest which is for my owne use with all that is therein except golde and silver Also I bequeath to him my plaster boxe of leather which hath the lock hinges and barrs over yt of Copper gilted and the cysars and all the silver instrumentes therein. Also 1 Serjeant-Surgeon and Master 1594. ■ Master 1597. n Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 15S6-1593. c/Iimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 53 1 I give unto him my rownde silver salvatory and one catheter of silver and annother of leade with the case wherein they are Also I give unto him a case with silver Instrumentes therein that ys to saye a silver splatter a chockbarr of silver for the uvula a silver Syringe parcell gilted Also I give unto him my silver precipitate box all w ch thingf are in the aforesaid chest. Also I bequeath unto him all my bookes of Phisicke and chirurgery with two Dixionaries which are in my study in my house at Manfeilde parke in the parishe of Taplowe. I also bequeath unto him my Englishe bible which is at the Courte. I give and bequeath to Lewes Rogers ' somtyme my servaunte my greater surgery Chest which is in my Chamber here at London with all that is therein except golde and silver. Also I give unto him my plaster box which my wife hath in the Countrie with all the instrumentes therein belonginge to the same Also I give unto him a Catheter of silver which is in the Chest that I have apointed to John Deighton my servaunte Also I give unto him these bookes followinge Guydoes Chirurgery in ffrench, Bartholomeus De proprietatibus rerum, Vidus Vidius Interpres, Valescus his practise, Albucasis Discorides, Cornelius Celsus, Johannes Mesue, Marcus Catenarcus, Guydoe in latin, Leonardus ffuschius, Gyrolanus in ffrench and Quintus Curtius in Englishe. Also I give and bequeath to my servaunt John Edwards my least Chirurgery Chest which is at the Court for the Dayly use of my servauntes with all that therein is, my plaster box of leather with y° gilted locke and hinges of silver with all the instrumentes therein to the same belonginge and these English bookes, Gemimes Anathomy, Guido and Leonard ffuschius both in written hand, John Vigo, Eliot's Dictionarie which I have lent to my felowe Goodorus, Turners herball and my byble which is at my howse in Manfeilde parke. Also I give unto him a pewter Syringe with three pypes of silver belonginge to the same. Also I give unto John Griffin somtymes my servaunt my silver salvatory percell guilted which is in the Chest that I have appointed to my servaunte Lewes Also I bequeath to Anthony Gariswall somtyme my servaunte one bigge latin booke wherein are bounde togeather the Chimrgeries of Guido, Brumis, Theodoricus Lanfrancke and Alberti Palus Also I give and bequeath unto the companie of the Barbors and Chirurgeons of the Cittie of London the Chirurgery of that most excellent writer John Tagaultius the lattin booke and also the English translation that I have made thereof And also the Chirurgerie of the expert and perfect practitioner Ambrose Parey both which workes I have written into Englishe for the love that I owe unto my bretheren practisinge Chirurgerie and not understandinge the latin Tounge and given them into the Hall for theire Dayly use and Readinge both in lattin and Englishe and Desiringe that they may be kept faire and cleane for my sake which wish them all prosperous and good successe in theire workes and 1 Warden 1615, 16, and 17 (died in 1617). 3 V2 5i* a/Jniials of the Barber-Surgeons. endevours whatsoever they take in hande to the glory of God and the advauncemente of the Arte. Also I give unto my servaunt John Edwards my Case with all the Instrumentes therein which is in my Chest which I have appointed for Deighton. Also I give unto my servaunte John Deighton my bagge with the case and all the Instrumentes and other thingf that are therein which lyeth for my Daily use in my Chest wherein I put my lynnen at the Courte. fifinally my will is that myne Executrix shall give to the use of the two hospitalls Sainte Bartholomewes and Saint Thomas for the sicke and sore people there all other such medicines bookes Instrument^ bottles boxes and pottf and such like thingf belonginge to Chirurgery as are not in this Schedule bequeathed and given and such as she will reserve for her owne use, and to give to the poore for Christes sake. In Witnesse whereof I have also Subscribed this Schedule and put to my seale the Daie and yere first above written. Per me Robertum Balthropp. Arms. Ar. on a chev. sa. five fleur de lys of the first. (The shield on Balthrop's monument is quarterly I st and 4 th as above, 2 d and 3 rd a bend betw. two Eagles displayed.) SIR PETER PROBY. Peter Proby was born at Chester, and was the son of Randolph Proby, after- wards of Brampton, Hunts, by his wife, a Miss Bernard. He was admitted to our freedom in 1579, made a Liveryman 1st July, 1596, an Assistant 6th July, 1609, an d served the office of Master 161 5. He was Sheriff of London 1614, Alderman of the Ward of Oueenhithe, and Lord Mayor in 1622. 19th August, 1605. This day M r Peter Proby a very lovinge member of this company did out of his love and affection to this house of his owne voluntarie good will give unto this company a very fayre large and serviceable standinge Cup of silver and double gilte wayghinge xxx ouncf & a penny waight with a cover unto it whereupon are his armes placed And hath this sup^scription ingraven upon it [This [|>sifi peTervPPvQBY^ 5. g.-J? '•'.Ml f»*C ^ ■tix-*.\l' , tvVU At ■a 1866 7Xiei*laSul J622 tfSttw'v hutae<>n 1867 I66l' \lnlitp-i. nVUW-p^ed 28flpi 1646 (A>UMJI rl . utmb 1665 a «... -?«.WW|Mv-lS> on nfiniiinft 'irnhjMr'HmiirjO rl. iToivti Joo«hi ■^atw d. <*t 1662. J. 168?. .-I' few . l&» ."MT'.Vf-v'jCmfe, d.nio Twwj ii i.-t^„t:.ii:. C>U4U1^ 3C&* afcoM«*6 cl v . mi <> «~" A 11513 I ''"W.dWYl'.uW.jl'. | 1 a. ....... toil-jiiWiU oft. c> P Witt' 1659 rjjt.m* ,.4 Of e&^lU t \«o-t«o >/Tl»T*Wi«t. fi„lV a .' ■»# v jNi-tui e'twamut =jt«>'i*if« W s .vmo of £»nW t ?lt... ; , SAgJU, =,i.a;.. &JUJL& of ?}«..> gov.w.1 rf 0a.; 1139 ^Cru-u'ell.. .1 ^l<^w3-tol?y &ot) =t»rt».* =i^v*»<»« A »f gt'ii»?10Y»- >C..i»a nee ■XBJTZ^JBvuI rf A- Admiral >.t 1757 c-uTiJb.4 Jia^o*v &,iysfi~iin52d 1772 ^V.lT.a d „.l,., 3ito eiia-al.^ a eapOiTz. ■SUt/UMV oCl' X .i^l'.l'.^'.J ma j 1804. «<-.„ 1780 .1 «j;fa. 1 pfl>xtfd.l82B 4t184Z a I792 SXvwtfa^ jyiawn d Of 1 :ft,vrU,, 1872. S^ i p .,tiw.f A 1881 h I8 : 52 'YiU'C*... =. 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I 71 7 HMIIl - r ,. 9w rf itU- 1S.3a... 1737. &2o-ivt J I Uvxaa^ei aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5 57 respect towards him, refused to accept his resignation, and ordered that the Wardens should have a personal interview with him to know his pleasure. This was done, and on the 15th January following his resignation was accepted. Sir John, who resided at Greenwich, died there on the 4th January, 17 19, having had two sons, John and William (both of whom were free of the Company), and three daughters. Sir John Lethieullier's will, of prodigious length, is dated 6th May, 1 709, and he therein directs that he shall be buried in the vault in Greenwich Church with his late wife. To his two daughters, Letitia and Leonora he gave ,£10,200 each, and to his married daughter, Lady Ann Dodwell, whom he had previously provided for, £1,000. To all his grandchildren ,£100 each. To Christ's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and to the French Congregation in Threadneedle Street ,£100 each, numerous gifts to the poor in various parishes, and bequests to friends, relatives and servants for mourning and rings. All his lands and houses in the City of London (except two) and in the county of Essex to his son John. Two houses on College Hill, late in the occupation of Sir Henry Furnese and Sir Alexander Cairnes, to his two daughters, also his house and land at Lewisham, his best coach and chariot horses, live stock, &c. All his other freeholds and houses in Beckenham, Lewisham and Battersea, his lands at Dartford and his manor of Sutton at Hone and Wilmington to his son William. There are four codicils to this Will and by one of them (19th July, 17 14) he gave the manor of Rowhill, which he had then lately purchased to his son William. His two sons were appointed executors. Arms. Ar. a chev. gu. betw. three parrots' heads couped vert, beaked of the second. 55* o/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. EPHRAIM SKINNER. Ephraim Skinner was born at Barnstaple 30th November, 1637. In 1652 he was apprenticed to Sir John Frederick, and afterwards became a wealthy Merchant trading with Spain. He was sometime the British Consul at Livorne. On 25th ^s~^ /^^Zr April, 1665, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, and in 1673 gave us the chimney piece in the Court Room, where there is a three-quarter portrait of him in his livery gown, with full wig and rich lace bands ; on the portrait is this inscription : " M r Ephraim Skiner Marcht. & one of y e Assistants of this Compy : of Barbersurgeons Lond : gave y m besides other gifts 300^ for 20 years." By his Will, dated 27th December, 1677, he gave to the Governors of Christ's Hospital (of which he was a member) five acres of pasture in Islington, also ,£700 in trust for them to lend the Barber-Surgeons ^300 for 20 years without interest to help them to pay their debts, and also for a payment of 5^. a week to the Minister of Islington for him to expound and "chatecize" every Sunday afternoon and to pay £5 a year to the poor of Islington, to whom he also bequeathed a sum of .£50. To the poor of the Old Jewry .£50. To the poor of Barnstaple ^"200. To the rebuilding of St. Paul's ,£50. To his father-in-law Peter Rowe £25 per annum for life. To several cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 559 members of the Barber-Surgeons, including Sir J. Frederick, Sir N. Heme, Sir J. Lethieullier and their children £10 each, and numerous legacies of money to friends and relations. The residue of his Estate to his wife. On the south wall of St. Olave Jewry is a tablet to his memory; Neer this Place Lyeth the body of Ephraim Skinner Merchant Sometimes his Majesties Consul at Livorne Whose ■ Piety Towards God 1 Integrity towards Man Exemplary < J Chanty to the Poore ' Humility towards all ( Live desired j Made him { , } by all that knew him I Die Lamented \ He was born in the Town of Barnstable In Devon on S' Andrews Day. Ann. MDCXXXVII Died at Islington May VP MDCLXXVIII in the XLI yeare of his Age A kind Husband to Ann : his Consort who in memory of him erected this Monument but now caused his Body to be removed hence to the Parish Church of Great S" Hellen's and layd in the Vault of Robart Foot Esq' her present Husband January 1712. Arms. Sa. a chew or. betw. three gryffins' heads era. ar. a crescent for difference. tfo cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. SIR HUMPHRY EDWIN. Sir Humphry Edwin, descended from an old Herefordshire family, was born at Hereford in 1642. He was the only son of William Edwin (sometime Mayor of Hereford) by his wife Anne Mansfield, and grandson of William Edwin of the Field next Hereford. One of his sisters (Mary) was married to Sir Edward Dering. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Sambrooke, a London merchant, and a sister of Sir Jeremy Sam- brooke ; by her he had four sons, born between 1671 and 1677, viz., Samuel, Humphry, Thomas and Charles. On the 3rd February, 1679, he was admitted to our freedom ; on 1 1 th October, 1687, he was sworn in Alderman of Tower Ward on the direct appointment of James II ; on the 1 8th November following he was knighted at Whitehall, and a few weeks later appointed Sheriff of Glamorganshire, in which county he had purchased considerable estates. In 1688 Edwin was chosen Sheriff of London and Master of the Barber-Surgeons. In 1689 he took official part in the Proclamation of William and Mary in the City, and shortly after was appointed a Commissioner of Excise with a salary of ,£1,000; he was also an officer in the Honourable Artillery Company, and a Colonel of the Trained Bands. In 1691 Edwin was the victim of a malicious prosecution; he was indicted for perjury, and a true bill found against him, but on his trial was acquitted, Lord Chief Justice Holt not calling on him to swear all his witnesses. Sir Humphry owned extensive property near Westminster Hall, he also had a mansion at Kensington, and oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 561 added to his Glamorganshire property the castle and lordship of Ogmore. In 1697 his eldest son Samuel was married to Lady Catharine Montagu, daughter of the Earl of Manchester, and the same year Sir Humphry was elected Lord Mayor of London, having been previously translated from the Barber-Surgeons to the Skinners' Company. The customary mayoralty pageant was omitted, owing, doubtless, to Edwin's religious scruples, he being a Nonconformist. Soon after his admission as Lord Mayor, he gave great offence by attending Nonconformist worship at a conventicle on the afternoons of Sunday, 31st October and 7th November, in full civic state. A meeting of the Court of Aldermen was held gth November to consider a complaint of the Swordbearer against the Lord Mayor, for compelling his attendance on the occasion when the Lord Mayor was deserted by all his officers except the Swordbearer, whom one of the chapel officials had locked in a pew ! According to the minute, the Court took notice that the Lord Mayor had " for two Lords dayespast in the afternoones gone to private meetings with the sword," whereupon his Lordship promised to forbear the practice for the future. Edwin's action roused all the bitterness of the High Church party and caused an angry literary controversy in which Dr. Nicholls, James Peirce, Calamy and Defoe joined, and in which the question of " occasional conformity " was raised. Edwin had on his election received the Sacrament in accord- ance with the rites of the Church of England, and his friend Defoe took him very severely to task for this, charging him with having "played bo-peep with God Almighty." On the 19th April, 1694, Sir Humphry Edwin was dismissed from the Court of Assistants of our Company on account of his continued non-attendance. He died 14th December, 1707, at his country seat at Llanmihangel, intestate, administration being granted to his son Charles on 19th February following. His widow died in 4 c $62 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. London 22nd November, 17 14. Besides the children already mentioned he had four daughters and a fifth son John, from whom is descended the present Earl of Crawford and Balcarres. Arms. Ar. a cross flory engr. betw. four Cornish choughs sa. SIR WILLIAM STEWART. Sir William Stewart was admitted to the freedom 22nd July, 1686, by redemp- tion. In 1706 he was one of the Directors of the East India Company. On 31st July, 171 1, he was elected Alderman of Cripple- gate, and the following year was knighted. 2 1 st July, 1720. The Master acquainted the Court That S r William Stewart Kn" and Alderman of the City of London a Freeman of this Company being the Senior Alderman under the Chair of this City except one Did make it his request to this Court That he might be translated from this Company to the Company of Goldsmiths forasmuch as it was required by the Custom of London That he should be free of one of the first twelve Companys of this City before he could be put in eleccon to be Lord Mayor. Sir William was Lord Mayor for the year 172 1-2, and died at his house in Mark Lane, 29th April, 1723. His corpse was carried, preceded by a hundred boys of Christ's Hospital and fifty boys belonging to the London Workhouse, each with a wax taper in his hand, and was interred at Guildhall Chapel 7th May following. His Will is dated 28th March, 1723, and by it he bequeaths various legacies of ,£2,000 each to nephews and nieces, and sundry cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5<>3 other smaller legacies to friends and servants, etc. .£700 to St. Bartholomews, and ^100 each to St. Thomas', Christ's and Bethlem Hospitals. £$0 to the London Workhouse, ,£500 to his housekeeper Mrs. Ann Smedley, etc. Arms. Or a fesse chequy ar. and az. over all a bend engr. gu. CHARLES BERNARD, Serjeant-Surgeon. BeRNAR.0 Charles Bernard, who was born about 1656, was a son of Samuel Bernard, D.D., of Croydon. On 1 6th August, 1670 (his father being then dead), he was apprenticed to Henry Boone, Surgeon, for seven years, and on 4th December, 1677, was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons ; on 25th October, 1697, he was chosen an Assistant, and on 8th November, 1700, an Examiner of Surgeons in the place of Thomas Lichfield. I n 1 702 he was appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Anne, and in 1 703 he was Master of the Company. One of his brothers, Dr. Francis Bernard, was physician to James II, and he had another brother, Dr. William Bernard. Charles Bernard died at Lord Weymouth's house, Long Leate, Wilts, on 9th October, 17 10, and shortly afterwards the Company caused his portrait to be painted. There is a Latin inscription below it which is highly eulogistic of Bernard, the following being a translation : — This portrait of Charles Bernard Esquire, Royal Surgeon in Chief, most learned in Greek and Latin letters, most experienced, candid and upright in his profession, enjoying the greatest favour with the Most Serene Queen Anne, the greatest fame among 4 C 2 564 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. the laity, the greatest authority among his fellows, the greatest esteem among all, in consideration of the remission by the same Most Serene Queen at his prayer of a heavy sum of nearly one thousand pounds in which this Company was bound to the Royal Exchequer, and in consideration of his advancement of Surgical science, his assertion and augmentation of its dignity, and other brilliant services to the Surgeons, the Company caused this portrait to be painted after his death 1711. Mr. Bernard possessed a valuable library containing a curious collection of the best authors in Physic, Philology, Antiquities, &c, together with many ancient manuscripts, all of which were sold by Auction in March, 171 1, at the Black Boy Coffee House in Ave Maria Lane. Swift in his Journal to Stella, March 19th, says, I went to-day to see poor Charles Bernard's books, and I itch to lay out nine or ten pounds for some fine Editions of fine authors * * * I walked to-day into the City, and went to see the auction of poor Charles Bernard's books. They were in the middle of Physic books, so I bought none, and they are so dear I believe I shall buy none. A catalogue of these books is in the Sloane collection (1770). In Nichols' Literary Anecdotes is a story of Mr. Edward Thwaites, M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, which characteristically introduces Mr. Bernard. Mr. Bernard's daughter Elizabeth was married to Ambrose Dickins, Esquire (who was Master in 1629 and Serjeant-Surgeon). By his Will, dated 7th November, 1707, he bequeathed to his wife Susan £500 and his houses in Broad Street, Pissing Alley and Milk Street. To his daughter Susan ,£1,000, and other bequests to his daughters Elizabeth and Mary, his son Charles and his sister Jane. He desires to be buried privately and late at night, makes his children residuary legatees and appoints his brother, Dr. William Bernard and his kinsman, Thomas Sisson, executors. By a codicil 3rd October, c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. *><>•> 1 710, he revokes the appointment of executors and makes his son, Henry Bernard, and Charles Bernard (Clerk of the Barber-Surgeons) his executors with .£100 each. Arms. Ar. on a bend a/, three escallop shells of the field. SIR JOHN BULL. Sir John Bull was the son of Richard Bull, of Stonall, Staffordshire, and was admitted to our freedom 6th April, 17 14. He was susequently translated to the Clothworkers' Company, and nominated Sheriff of London, 22nd April, 17 18, which office he served during the Mayoralty of Sir John Ward. Arms. Or. three bull's heads gu. T^H^^^^^^TT^^^^^j CLAUDIUS AMYAND, F.R.S., Serjeant-Surgeon. Claudius Amvand was the second son of Isaac Amyand, of Mornac, Xaintonge, a Hugenot refugee who was naturalized in London 10th October, 1688, and was living there in 1699. Claudius Amyand's birth is not recorded. He was elected a Director of the French Protestant Hospital (La Providence) 2nd January, 1723. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society and Serjeant-Surgeon to George II. On 7th )BQBOQOoOO«OOgO May, 1728, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, 566 c/J nnals of the Barber-Surgeons. examined and approved touching his skill in surgery, admitted to fine for all offices to the Parlour door, and elected on to the Court of Assistants. It was ordered on the same day " in regard to the dignity of their offices " that Mr. Serjeant Dickins and Mr. Serjeant Amyand should hereafter take precedence next after the Governors for the time being. Mr. Amyand served as Warden in 1729 and 1730 and was Master of the Company in 1731. He was Surgeon to St. George's Hospital 1 733-1 738. By his wife, Mary Rabache, he had three sons and six daughters. The eldest son Claudius was Under-Secretary of State in 1750 and an M.P. ; he married Frances widow of George, 6th Earl of Northampton. The second son George who was also an M.P. and a Director of the East India Company was on the 4th August, 1764, created a baronet. The third son Thomas was in holy orders. The eldest daughter Anne married John Porter, M.P., Alderman and Sheriff of London ; another daughter, Mary Catherine married Sir Richard Adams, Recorder of London and a Baron of the Exchequer ; and the youngest daughter Judith, was married to the Rev. Thos. Ashton, D.D., Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate. Sir George Amyand (son of Claudius) was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir George Cornewall, Bart., M.P., who on his marriage with Catherine daughter and heiress of Velters Cornewall, M.P., assumed the name and arms of Cornewall and was the ancestor of the present baronet of that name. Sir George Amyand's second son John Amyand, M.P., died in 1780 unmarried; his daughter Anna Maria married Gilbert, Earl of Minto, and another daughter, Harriet Mary, married James, Earl of Malmesbury. Serjeant-Surgeon Amyand died at his house in Castle Street, St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 6th July, 1740, having met with an accident in Greenwich Park on the day previously, and his Will was proved a cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 567 few days afterwards. He bequeathed to each of his children ,£1,000, he left ^300 for apprenticing poor boys, and his lands in Hampshire and at Sidlesham, Sussex, and the residue to his wife Mary. Arms. Vert a chev. betw. three garbs or. SIR THOMAS CHALLONER. Sir Thomas was the son of Thomas Challoner, of Woodbridge, Suffolk. On 4th July, 1699, he was apprenticed to January Farmer (who was a Barber by trade), and was admitted to the freedom 4th March, 1707. He left the trade of a Barber and became a Wholesale Grocer and Merchant in Leadenhall Street, where he traded in partnership with Mr. Lethieullier. On the 2nd December, 1760, he was elected Alderman of the Ward of Aldgate, served the office of Sheriff in 1 762 (when the celebrated William Beckford was Lord Mayor), and was knighted 4th October in the same year. In 1 76 1, he was Master of the Barbers and living at Walthamstow, where dying 8th May, 1 766, he was buried there. By his Will dated 5th March, 1 766, he gave his sister Rachel Challoner £20 per annum for life. To Mr. William Lethieullier and Rachel his wife ^100 each, and to their daughters Rachael and Margaret £50 each. Residue to his wife Mary Challoner. Arms. Ar. on a fesse betw. three fleur de lys gu. another fleur de lys or. $68 c/liinals of the Barber-Surgeons. WILLIAM CHESELDEN, F.R.S. This eminent Surgeon was the son of George Cheselden, and born 19th October, 1688, at Somerby, near Burrow-on-the-Hill, Leicester- shire. He was at an early age studying anatomy with William Cowper, the celebrated anatomist, but appears to have left him when fifteen years old, for on the 7th December, 1703, he was bound apprentice for seven years to James Feme, the Surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital, under which distinguished man he made rapid advance in his profession. On 5th December, 17 10, he was admitted to the freedom and livery of the Barber-Surgeons, on the 29th January following he had a full certificate to practise as a Surgeon, and he then (being but twenty-two years of age) began his lectures on anatomy, and the following year was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. By a minute in our books of 25th March, 17 14, it seems that Mr. Cheselden had often procured the bodies of malefactors and privately dissected them at his own house, and that at times when lectures and dissections were proceeding at the Hall, whereby the attendance at the Hall was diminished, and moreover contrary to the express laws of the Company ; whereupon he was summoned before the Court and reproved, when he promised not to offend again in like manner. A less influential man would probably have been fined. In 1 719 he was elected Surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital, where he highly distinguished himself in his operations for the stone. He was also consulting Surgeon to St. George's and the Westminster c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 569 Infirmary. In 1727 he was appointed principal Surgeon to Queen Caroline, and ten years later was chosen Head Surgeon to Chelsea Hospital, which post he held till his death. He married Miss Deborah Knight of London, by whom he had an only daughter. His practice was both extensive and lucrative, and his works on Surgery are numerous, besides which he was a frequent contributor to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Mr. Cheselden died at Bath on the 10th April, 1752. Dr. J. F. Payne says that he will always be regarded as, beyond dispute, one of the greatest of British surgeons, being one of the most brilliant operators whose achievements are upon record ; he was a keen patron of athletic sports, especially boxing ; his disposition was gay and genial, he was fond of society, and evidently popular, while to his patients he was always kind and tender-hearted. On the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1745, Mr. Cheselden was named in the Act of Parliament one of the Wardens of the new Company of Surgeons, he having been Junior Warden of the Barber-Surgeons that year. His will is a remarkable specimen of brevity and absence of formality :— Being in perfect health I write this with my own hand and declare it to be my last Will and Testament. I give to my daughter W. J. Cotes five hundred pounds and all the rest and residue of my estate of what kind soever to my wife and make her full and sole Executrix administratrix and assign Witness my hand and seal. Will m Cheselden (L.S.) 24th March 1749 50. Arms. Quarterly 1 and 4 Ar a chev. betw. three crosses moline gu. (Cheselden). 2. Ar. on a fesse indented sa. three bezants (Brough). 3. Or. an eagle displayed az. beaked and feet gu. (Mongomery). 4 D 57° zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. AMBROSE DICKINS, Serjeant-Surgeon. Ambrose Dickins (sometimes spelt Dickens) was the son of George Dickins of Ripling- ton, in East Meon, Hampshire, gentleman, and was probably born about 1687. On the 17th February, 1702, he was apprenticed to Serjeant-Surgeon Charles Bernard for seven years, and on the 1 6th February, 1 709, he was admitted to the Freedom and Livery of the Barber-Surgeons, when he was residing in James Street, Covent Garden. He married (before the 24th March, 1709) Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Bernard. On December 20th, 1721, he was elected Surgeon to Westminster Hospital. His old master, Charles Bernard, died in October, 17 10, and it seems that Dickins succeeded him when quite a young man in the important office of Serjeant-Surgeon. In 1728 he was Warden of the Barber-Surgeons, and in 1729 Master of the Company. He was Surgeon to St. George's Hospital 1733-38. On the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1745, Mr. Dickins became an Assistant of the Surgeons' Company and an Examiner of Surgeons. He probably died in 1747, as on 7th September in that year Mr. Caesar Hawkins was appointed Serjeant-Surgeon in his place. Dr. John Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, in "The Criterion," introduces Mr. Dickins' name in an interesting paragraph. Dr. Douglas was a firm believer in the efficacy of the Royal touch for the King's evil, and he gives some curious particulars of Mr. Dickins' experience in this matter which are well worth referring to. Arms. Ermine on a cross fleury sa. a leopard's face or. cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 51 '/ SIR C/ESAR HAWKINS, Bart., Serjeant-Surgeon. This eminent Surgeon (the son of Mr. Caesar Hawkins, a Surgeon at Ludlow, Shropshire) was born ioth January, 171 1, and by his great ability, at a very early age secured a large and lucrative practice ; he was the inventor of the cutting gorget, and a remark- ably dexterous operator. 1st July, 1735. M r Ccesar Hawkins Surgeon in Bloomsbury who had lived several years with his father a Surgeon in the Country and afterwards with M r Ranby a Foreign Brother of the Company seven years, but not bound an Apprentice at the Hall, was in consideration thereof, admitted into the freedom of the Company for six pounds six shillings which he paid down and was sworne. At the same time the said M r Caesar Hawkins was examined touching his skill in Surgery his answers were approved of and he was ordered the Diploma under the hands of the Governors and the seal of the Company testifying his skill and impowering him to practice. 19th August, 1736. Mr. Hawkins was admitted to the Livery, and the same day was chosen a Demonstrator of Anatomy, being then but twenty-five years of age. iSth August, 1737. M r Csesar Hawkins one of the Demonstrators of Anatomy attended at this Court and surrendered the said office and after returning this Court his thanks for the honor they had done him to choose him one of their Demonstrators acquainted them that he being appointed Surgeon to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and also Surgeon to one of the troops of Guards, could not perform the office of a Demonstrator and therefore the Court accepted of such surrender. Mr. Hawkins, in addition to his other appointments, was Surgeon to St. George's Hospital, 1 735—1 774, and Serjeant-Surgeon to George III, to which latter office he was appointed 7th September, 1 747. By his practice as a phlebotomist alone he is said to have made ^1,000 4 D 2 572 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. a year, it then being the custom for people to be bled at the spring and fall of the year. His family have been Surgeons for some generations, and have held distinguished office, his brother Pennell Hawkins, his son Charles, and his grandson Caesar Henry, having all been Serjeant- Surgeons. On the 25th July, 1778, Mr. Hawkins was created a Baronet; he died 13th February, 1786. A portrait of him, by Hogarth, is in the Hall of the Royal College of Surgeons. Arms. Ar. on a saltire engrailed sa. five fleur de lys or. WALTER HENRY WILKIN, Alderman. Walter Henry Wilkin, Esquire, who was born 1st April, 1842, is the son of the late Mr. David Wilkin, of the firm of Wilkin and Pugh. He was admitted to the freedom and livery of the Company 5th January, 1864. Mr. Wilkin commenced his career as articled clerk to a well-known firm of underwriters at Lloyds, but subsequently entered himself at the Middle Temple, where he read with Mr. Crump, Q.C., and passing his ex- amination and obtaining the Certificate of the Council of Legal Education, he was called to the Bar ; but in consequence of the deaths of his father and brother, he retired from the profession of the law to take upon himself the conduct of their business in the City. In 1878 Mr. Wilkin was chosen an Assistant of this Company, and in 1885 served the office of Master. For twelve years he sat as one of the Common Council for the Ward of Lime Street. On the death of Sir Robert Walter Carden, Mr. Alderman Cotton was transferred oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5J3 from Lime Street to Bridge Without, and the vacancy thus occasioned in the Court of Aldermen, was filled up by the appointment of Mr. Wilkin in February, 1888. He is a member of the Court of Assistants of the Broderers' Company, and has filled the office of G.S. and Master in Grand Master's Lodge No. 1.. For twenty-six years Mr. Wilkin was a Volunteer, rising to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel in the 3rd Middlesex Artillery, but has now resigned his commission. SUNDRY MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. 1469. Robert Dallahouse (Daluss), Master 1462, died 1469, was buried at St. Martin's in the Vintry with the following inscription on his tomb : — As flowers in feeld thus passeth lif, Nakyd, then clothyd, feble in the end, It sheweth by Robart Daluss and Alyson his wyf Christ yem save fro the power of the Fiend, obiit 1469. 1 5 10. John Den, buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster. Here lyes undyr this ston John Den Barbor Surgeon And Agnes his wyf, who to heuyn went MCCCCC and X that is verament For who soul, of your charite Sey a Pater Noster and an Ave Marie. 1580. William Green, Master 1564, died 1580, was buried in the church of Allhallows the Less. Before this time that here yee have seene, Lyeth buried the body of William Greene, Barbor & Surgeon & late Master of that Company And Clark of this Church yeeres fiftie ; Which William decesyd the truth for to say The month of December the fourth day. The yere of our Lord God as by books doth appere On thowsand fyve hundryd and eighty yere. 5 j 4 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1598. Thomas Bankes, Master 1596, died 1598, was buried in the church of St. Michael le Ouerne. Thomas Bankes, Barber Chirurgeon, Deputie of this Ward, who had to wife Joan Laurence, by whom he had issue seven sonnes and ten daughters. 1 6 10. William Gale (Master 1595, 16 10) was buried in the church at Monken Hadley, where there is a brass with the following inscription : — Blessed are they y' concydereth y c poore & needie. Here lyeth the bodye of William Gale Citizen & Barber Chyrurgion of London who dyed the XIX daye of November 1610. Then being y c second tyme Master of his Company, he had 2 wives, Elizabeth & Suzan & had issue by Elizabeth V sones and 8 daughters and was LX and X yeares of age or thereabout at y c time of his death. 1655—6. John Gale (son of William Gale, Master 1595), Surgeon of Bushey, gave the Company ,£16 per annum for an Anatomy Lecture, died 1655-6 and was buried in Bushey Church. Here in hope of a happy resurrection through Christ, lies the body of John Gale, Esq. who was father to Mary Gale, by his second wife Jane, and sister to M rs Elizabeth Terry, both which are here interred next unto him ; he lived to the age of 70 years, and peaceably departed this life Jan 5"' 1655. 1668. Charles Stamford, Master 1659, died 1668 and was buried at St. Katherine's near the Tower. Here lyeth interred the body of Charles Stamford, Chirurgeon, who departed this Life June 24 th 1668; also Elizabeth his Wife, and sixteen children. Mille modis morimur mortales, nascimur uno : Sunt hominum, morbi mille, sed una salus. EDeep not for tl]em, since tfyey l}ave gone before en, rorjere Barbers tl}ere are many more. APPENDICES. APPENDIX A. (See page 28.) NORWICHE. * And a bretherhode ther is ordened of barbres, in the site of Norwyche, in the worschcp of god and ys moder, and seynt Johan the Babtis, that alle bretherin and sisterin of the same gylde, als longe as xij. persones of them lyuen, they schulen offeryn a candel and to torches of wax, and this light they hoten and a-vowed to kepyn and myntenyn, and thes other ordenances that ben vnder wreton, vp-on here power and diligence, in worschepe of crist and ys moder and seyn Johan Babtis, and the to torches schul bien of xl. lib. weyght, and alle the bretherin and sisterin schullen offeryn this candel and the to torches euerie 3er a misomere day, and they herin here messe at the heye auter atte Charunel in cristis cherge, and eueri brother and sistir offeryn an ob. wyth here candel and here to torches, in honor of god and oure lady and seynt Johan the Babtis. And the to torches, eueri day in the 3er, scullen ben light and brennynge at the heye messe at selue auter, from the leuacion of cristis body sacrid, in til that the priest haue vsud. This bien the names of the men that ben maystris and kepers of the gyld. Philippus Barbur \ And this men han in Jacobus Barbir • kepynge for the same Thomas Barbyr at prechors ' light, ij s in here box. 5/6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. (Modern English of the preceding.) NORWICH. And a brotherhood there is ordained of Barbers, in the city of Norwich, in the worship of God and His Mother, and Saint John the Baptist; that all brothers and sisters of the same guild, as long as twelve persons of them live, they shall offer a candle and two torches of wax ; and this light they promise and avow to keep and maintain, and these ordinances that be under-written, upon their power and diligence, in worship of Christ and His Mother and Saint John Baptist; and the two torches shall be of forty pounds weight ; and all the brothers and sisters shall offer this candle and the two torches every year at Midsummer day, and they hearing their mass at the high altar at Charunel in Christ's church, and every brother and sister offering a halfpenny with their candel and their two torches, in honor of God and our Lady and Saint John the Baptist. And the two torches, every day in the year, shall be alight and burning at the high mass at the same altar, from the elevation of Christ's body sacred, until that the priest have used. These be the names of the men that be Masters and Keepers of the guild. Philip Barbur ] And these men have in James Barbir [• keeping for the same Thomas Barbvr " at prechors " ) light, two shillings in their box. GILDA IN CIUITATE LINCOLN. Certificacio ordinacbis & incepcois frafintatis ToNSOif Lincoln' virtute p° clamacois inde fee sequit a in v'ba Hec est queda frafintas fca & inchoata ex col assensu omi tonson Ciuitatis Lincotn in honore dni nri Jhii xpl & be marie & p°cipue ad honore sci Johi's Eiingeliste in Natalli dni renouata v°o in festo eiusdem anno dn! miltimo CCC mo sexagesimo nono. Prima ordinacio est qd hebunt & custentabunt vn'd ceren quadratn ardentem omibz diebz festinis p n annu cu° tempus fin°t ad altare sci Johis Eunges in monastio be mar Lincotn. Et quitt frat° & soror dec frat°intatis ibunt in p°cessione en dca candela & quitt i? &: soroii offeretf ad ymaginem sci Saluatoris ob. sub pena vnius libr° cere. Scda ordinacio est qd ***** * Decima ordinacio est q n d ***** d/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. ijy Et ad confirmandf plenius omes ordinaeoes sup" dicas sigilln! decanatus xpianitatis Lincoln 1 p°sentib5 est appensu in finem & testimoniu p n missoi(L Dat Lincoln die & anno sup a dels. In tris & ten ad gildam p^dcam mortificatf vel non mortificatf nichil hent nee cat aliqua in manib5 ipox fratrfi! & soroif ad usum di : e gilde existunt nisi ex largioe eo^de ad p°dcas deuocbes sustinendf & comunia int se non fac nisi tm \P dilecoe int eos nutriendf . (translation.) GUILD IN THE CITY OE LINCOLN. The certificate of the ordinances and beginning of the Fraternity of Barbers of Lincoln, by virtue of the proclamation in that behalf made, follows in these words ; — This is a certain fraternity made and begun by the common assent of all the Barbers of the City of Lincoln, in honour of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Blessed Mary and observed in honour of Saint John the Evangelist, renewed in the feast of the Nativity of our Lord, a.d. 1369. The first ordinance is, that they have and keep one "quadrate" of wax burning on all feast days throughout the year, and on other special occasions before the altar of Saint John the Evangelist in the Monastery of the Blessed Mary at Lincoln. And all the brothers and sisters of the said fraternity go in procession with the said candle, and all the brothers and sisters offer at the Image of Saint Saviour a halfpenny, under a penalty of one pound of wax. The second ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this fraternity shall die in the City, the Dean of this guild shall bear in order four " soule candels," which shall burn about the corpse at the Dirige and remain until the Mass. And all the brothers and sisters, for the soul of the departed, pay a halfpenny to the poor, according to the directions of the Graceman and Wardens, wherever the greater necessity shall be. The third ordinance is, that if any brother or sister shall die so poor, that he has not whence to be buried as he ought to be, the Graceman and Wardens, of the half- pennies collected, together with any portion of his chattels they find, shall make a general mourning, and do other necessaries that he be honorably buried. The fourth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this fraternity shall desire to go into the country (i.e., reside out of the City), he shall give to the sustentation 4 E 5jS c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. of the aforesaid candle at his going 2s., twopence to the tankards (ad ciphos), id. to the Dean of the guild, and afterwards 6d. annually, which he shall pay in three " morn- speeches " ' in equal portions throughout the year. The fifth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this guild fall into poverty or sickness, so that he cannot work and prays the charity of this house, each brother and sister of this guild shall give to him 6d. per annum in the three mornspeeches aforesaid, by like equal portions. The sixth ordinance is, that if any brother of this guild shall receive any apprentice to teach him his art, the same master shall pay for the said apprentice, to the sustentation of the said candle two shillings, and this at the first mornspeech after he shall have taken the said apprentice. The seventh ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this guild do rebellious works or speeches, and is not willing to be silent but finds fault with the ruling of the Graceman of the guild, he shall give towards the burning of the said candle, one pound of wax, . . . ." and that without any remission ; and whatsoever master or servant within this fraternity or out of it, shall be a thief to the extent of one penny, and of that matter shall be convicted, it is agreed by common consent that he shall abjure occupying his art within the City for ever. The eighth ordinance is, that none shall be admitted to any Offices in the said guild, unless they have been Barbers, dwelling in the said City; and whoever shall be elected Graceman and shall be unwilling to serve shall give half a stone of wax ; and whoever Dean, and shall be unwilling, shall give one pound of wax. The ninth ordinance is, that by common assent, all the brethren shall have three assemblings in the year, viz. — The first, the Sunday next after the feast of Saint John the Evangelist aforesaid, to hear (the ordinances), to drink together, to settle the accounts, and to elect new officers for the year to come, The second, the Sunday next after the feast of the Apostles Philip and James, And the third, the Sunday next after the feast of the Translation of Saint Hugh. The tenth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister, the aforesaid ordinances as he is able shall not content, or shall not come when he shall be summoned (unless by any reasonable cause he shall be hindered), he shall give to the sustentation of the said candle, as often as he shall trespass, one pound of wax. 1 General assemblies of the guild. •' There are two words here which I could not decipher. o/Jiumls of the Barber-Surgeons. 579 And in full confirmation of all the aforesaid ordinances, the seal of the Rural Dean of Lincoln is affixed to these presents in conclusion and testimony of the premisses. Given at Lincoln the day and year abovesaid. In lands and tenements to the aforesaid guild in mortmain or otherwise they hold nothing, nor are there any chattels in the hands of them the brothers and sisters to the use of the said guild, except out of their liberality for the sustenance of the aforesaid devotions ; nor do they make any gatherings between them, unless however for the purpose of cherishing love amongst themselves. APPENDIX B. (See page 7 S.) SIR THOMAS MORE'S ORDINANCES, 1530. TO ALL TREW CRISTEN PEOPLE TO WHOME THIS PRESENT WRYTYNG SHALL come Sir Thomas More Knyght and Chauncellor to owre most drad Sou'aigne lorde Kyng Henry the viij' h Kyng of Englond and of ffraunce defensor of the ffaythe and lorde of Irelond : Thomas Duke of Northffolke and Tresourer of Englond, John ffitzjames Knyght Cheyff Justice of owre said Sou'aigne lord is Benche and Rol5t Nonviche Knyght Cheyff Justice of the Cofnen Benche Sende gretynge in owre lorde God ev°lasting. Where in A certen Acte in the p°liament holden at Westmynster the xxv" daye of January in the xx" 1 yere of the most Noble Kynge of ffamous memorie Kyng Henry the vij th made and Ordeyned nor the Weale and p°ffite of his Subgeittf it Was Amongf other thingf Ordeyned Establisshed and enacted that no Maister Wardens or ffelaiship of Craftf or misteries or any of them or any Rulers of Gyldes or ffratnites sholde take upon them to make any Actes or Ordinaunces ne to execute or use any Actes or Ordinances by them heretofore made in disenheryting or dymynicon of the Kyngf p n rogative or any other or Ayenst the Comen Weale and p°ffite of the Kyngf Subgeittf and liege people but yff the same Actes or Ordinances be examyned appoynted and admytted by the Chauncelor and Tresorer of Englond and the Cheyff Justices of eyther Benche or three of theym or els before bothe Justices of Assise in their Circute or progresse in that Shire where soche Actes or Ordinances be made upon payne of fforfature of xl" for ev^y tyme that they doo therunto contrarie as in the said Acte itt doeth more playnly appere : The Maisters and Wardens of the misterie or Crafte of Barbor Surgions of the Citie of London Willing and desiring the said Acte in ev°ry behalff to be observed and kept the xx" day of Octobre in 4 E 2 5#o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. the xxij" ' yere of the Raigne of owre Sou'aigne lorde Kyng Henry the viij"' have exhibite and p°sented their peticon thereupon made w' a Boke conteyning dyvers Statutes Actes and Ordinnces hertofore devised ordeyned and made for the ffelauship of Barbors Surgions and their Successors and for the Comon Weale and conservation of the good estate of the said Crafte and misterie of Barbor Surgions aforesaid and for the Better Rules and Ordinnces of the same ffelauship establysshed ordeyned and used. And therupon Instantly have desired us that We all and ev°y the said Statutes Ordinnces and Othes by the same Maister and Wardens and their p^decessors to the fforsaid Entent made ordeyned and establisshed Wolde oversee and exameyn and the same and ev°y of theym correcte Refourme and amend after the maner and due ffourme convenyent and as the fforsaid Acte in the said p°liament made requyreth. Wee Well p°ceyving the said Supplication to be good and acceptable according to their petition and desires and by auctoritie of the said Acte of p^liament to us comytted All and evy their Othes Actes and Ordinances in the said Boke specyfied have p°fightly seen and the same well and ripely understond and theym all and ev°y of theym examyned corrected and reformed the tenure as hereaft'' foloweth The Othe of ev°y ffreman ffurste ye shall swere that ye shalbe good and trewe unto owre leige lorde the Kyng and to his heires Kyngf of Englond and obedient to the Maior and his Brethern the Aldermen of the Citie of London. And also ye shalbe obedient to the Maisters or Governors that now be or that hereafter shalbe of the Crafte of Barbor Surgions wherof ye be nowe made ffree, ye shall also obeye kepe and observe all the good Orders Rules and- Ordinnces of the said Crafte hertofore made and not Repelled and herafter to be made so helpe you God and all Sayntf and by this Boke The Othe of the Maisters or Governors ye shall swere that ye shall observe kepe and mayntene the Wourship proffite and Comen Wele of the Crafte of Barbor Surgions in all poyntf laufull and leafull as good and p'rfitable Maisters or Governors and Rulers ought to do after youre good connyng good diligence and power. Also ye shall kepe and maynten and do to be kept and mayntened during yo r tyme as farforthe as you laufully maye aswell all soche good usages custumes liberties and Ordinnces of the same Crafte and at this daye used approved and contynued and all and singuler poyntf conteyned in the p°mysses duely and trewly ye shall put in execution When and as often as the Casse shall requyre during yo r tyme. And also ye shall duely and trewely make yo r Serches thorough all the Company of the same Crafte Within the Citie of London and Suburbes of the same. And thereupon as the Casse shall requyre all the defaultes and necligences concilementf and inconvenyencf that may hapne or fall to be ffounde in the Crafte of Barbory or Surgery ' A clerical mistake for 21st year of Henry VIII (1529). oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 56'/ in yo r tyme ye diligently shall reforme and sett in good Rule and trewely correcte and ponyshe according to the power and Rules for the reformaSon had and made for the same in the said Crafte And for and during yo* tyme correcte and lawfully ponyshe after the qualites and gravites of and upon the demerites and default^ ffounden in the same after yo r connyng and power. Also ye shall not admytt eny fforen to be of this misterie whiche herafter shall sue to be fireman of this Citie by RedempcYm and to be enfraunchised in this misterie w'out thassent of the xxiiij' 1 assistentf of the same Crafte or the more p°te of them. And over that ye shall not charge the hole bodye of this ffelishipp by puttyng the Comen Seale of the same misterie to eny man writyng cause or matter wherby the same company in any wise may be charged hurted or hyndered. Also in all the p°mysses and other thyngf necessarie concernyng the Weale and proffite of the said Crafte ye shall trewly lawfully diligently and indyfferently behave yo r selffe after yo r connyng and power and neyther for mede love ffavor affeccon nor for drede malice hatred or envie otherwise p°cede Rule or conclude to or with any p°son or p^sones w' whiche ye shalhave to doo by reason of yo r said office than the good usages Rules liberties and Ordinances for the good ordre of the same Crafte hertofore made and not repelled and herafter to be made. Also at thende of yo r Office ye shall geve unto the Maisters or Gov'nors that shall succede you next in the same occupacon this p°sent othe So that they shall duely and trewely in all thingC during the tyme that they shalbe in like Office p°forme and ffulfill the same othe so god you helpe and all Sayntf and by this Boke Also it is ordeyned that ev°ry p r 'son enfraunchised in the same Crafte shalbe redye at alman of somons of the maisters or Gov'nors of the said Crafte for the tyme beyng And yff eny soche p'sone absent hym from eny soche somons w'out cause resonable to be tried by his othe byfore the maisters or Gov'nors yff they thynke it necessarie Than he to paye for ev'y so doyng iij s iiij j s iiij* 1 Itm of Willffi ffountayne - V s Itiii of Andrew Grove - xij d Itiii of Nicholas Dobby - ij s Itiii of Willffi More ij s viij d Itiii of Willffi Erode - - if vj d Itiii of John Hawkes - iiij 5 Itm of Richard Carrington - V s Itiii of Willin Sympson >if iiij d Itiii of Richard Clarke - if Itm of Henrye Stranguishe - if vj d Itiii of Willffi Hatho'ne - V s Itiii of Henry Tottye - V s Itm of Roger Laybo'ne - iiij 5 Itiii of George Sedgwick V s Itiii of Willffi Braye - »f iiij d Itiii of Robert Johnson V s Itm of Christopho' Clark - »j 5 iiij d Itffi of Willffi Wye if vj" Itm of Randall ffoster - - V s vj a Itffi of John Dards V s Itiii of John Barnye - vj s viij' 1 Itffi of John Machin - V s Itiii of Randall Cotton - - vj s viij d Itffi of John Gymblet - V s Itiii of Daniell Botham - V s Itiii of Robert Peterson iij s iiij' 1 Itiii of Anthonie Spackman - V s Itffi of Roger Hall if Itin of John Studesburie - V s Itffi of Richard Johnson xij d Itiii of John Burges - "J 8 iiij d Itffi of Willffi Browne - V s Itiii of Raphe Rodes - - V s Itffi of John Bigf- >if iiij d Itiii of Thomas Waight - V s Itffi of John Bo'ne iiij 5 Itin of John Carrington - if vf Itffi of Lewis Atmore - iij 5 Itiii of Thomas Tho'ney - iiij 5 Itffi of Peter Ledsom - if vj d Itiii of Allen Collye - »f iiij d Itffi of Richard Chaddock - if Vjd Itm of Henry Bost - ij s Itffi of ' Stevens - if vj d Itm of Richard Holland - iiij s Itffi of John Whetelye - iiij 5 Blank in original. .592 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Itfii of Alexander Ellyot - ij s vj d Itfii of Willin Dixon - - ij s viij' 1 I tin receyved that was due for wages - iiif Sm of all the monie receyved of ffremen of the Companie for furnishinge of Souldiers Uothe amounte unto Itm of John Harrington Itfii of Mathew Easte - Itfii of Thomas Richardson vf vj" 2rtoni?e receyved of fforrens and straungers towardes the saide furniture ^5cccr>ue& of Jeames Saule - x s Of Jarvys Mullins- - - viij 5 * Of Reynold Davys - - if Of Mathew Ken - - V s Of Willin Knightley - - ij s Vj" vj u Of James ffrauncf Of John Grymsen Of Phillip Jurden Of Gefrye Mostrims Of John Phillipps; §>m of the monye receyved \ of fforrens and straungers Dothe amounte unto iij" §trt of all the monie receyved of ffremen \ fforrens and straungers for the furnishing ■ xxij 1 ' xvij s xj d of Souldiers Doth amounte unto g4Tour>e laide owte by the handes of Christopho' Swaldell seconde governo' for furnishing of Souldiers viz' gnprhms paid for xij Calyvers xij murrions xij fflaskes xij tutche boxes with stringf white and grene -------- jx 1 ' vj s Itifi to the Clark in reward for his paynes aboute the souldiers ij' vj' 1 Itfii to the Beadle in reward - - xij' 1 Itm paide for the Dyner at the red crosse - - - vj s viij d I tin paide for xxxvj 1 ' of co'ne powder - - xxxvj 5 I I ill paide for vij 1 ' of matches - - - - ij s iiij d Itfii paide for browne pap° - - - - vj d Itfii paid in presse monye - - xij s Itfii geven Rofet Bendoes wief - vj d 1 BlanU in original. c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 593 Itfii paid for iij Doz. and viij yeardes of reband w. b. &. g 1 - x s ij' 1 Itm paide for xij rooles and there stuffing^ - iiij 5 Itfn paid for iiij doz. of charge - — — Itm paid for tape for the charge - - - vj' 1 Itfii paide for a stoweing stick - - - iij' 1 Itm paide for borde wages one daie - viij 5 Itfii spent at myle end - - - - iiij' 1 Itm paide for vj 1 ' of matche - ij" Itm paid for j" of co r ne powder - xij' 1 Itm paid for mending one Caliver - - vj' 1 Itm paide for leade for bulletf viij' 1 Itfn paid for breakefast - xiiij' 1 x ,h April Itm paid for vj" of matche - ij s Itfii paid for xij" of cornepowder - xij 5 Itfii paid for bo'de wages - - viij 5 Itm paide for o r breakfast - - ij s vj' 1 xj th April Itm geven to the souldiers in reward - vj 5 Itfii paid to the Armorer for mending the armo r iiij s vj'' Itm geven in reward to the Armorers man - vj d Itm paid for o r breakfast - ij s xiij"' of May Itm paide for xxxvj' 1 of co'ne powder xlij s Itm paide xij" of matches - iiij s Itfii paide for browne pap° - - iiij' 1 Itm paide for gilding of bayes viij' 1 Itm paide for iiij Daies bo'de wages xxxij 5 Itm paide for o r breakefast - - - xx d Itfii paid for changing a broken Calyver- - - - - x s Item paide unto the Armorer for scowringe and mending o r peces and murrions - . - - - - xj s vj g>m of all the monie paide owte by ) the handes of Christopho' Swaldell ( .... ... .. , , ... > xxij" xvij 5 xj" seconde governo' for the furnishing ( of Souldiers Dothe amounte unto ) 1 Prolialily, white, blue ami green. z>94 zAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. APPENDIX E. (Seepage 157.) THE CASE OF THE BARBERS OF LONDON. The Barbers of London were a Fraternity before the Time of Edward the Second, and by Letters-Patent of Edward the Fourth were made a Body Corporate, and invested with several Powers and Privileges. In the 32d Year of Henry the Eighth, the publick Policy thought proper to unite them with another Company (not then incorporated) called the Surgeons of London, in order, (as is most probable) to transfer those Powers and Privileges to the latter, without directly appearing to 'wrest them from the former to whom they had been originally granted. The Coalition of the two Companies having now subsisted above Two Hundred Years, the Barbers are surpris'd to find an Attempt made by the Surgeons to dissolve it, by Authority of Parliament, without their Participation or Consent. The principal Reasons assigned by the Surgeons, in their printed Case, to induce the legislature to the extraordinary Act of Power, are, First, That the Barbers, in the Time of Henry the Eighth, were all Surgeons, and that the Parliament, by uniting them with others of superior Abilities, intended their Improvement in that Profession ; but that they having, long since, ceased to intermeddle with any Branch of Surgery, this Intent of the Act is frustrated, and the laudable Purpose of the Union at an end. Secondly, That by this Alteration of the Circumstances of things, the Junction of the two Companies (how advantageous soever in former Times) is now become highly inconvenient. Thirdly, That the Surgeons if distinctly incorporated, would be encouraged to meet and communicate to one another their Experiments and Successes. And Fourthly, That the like Separation has taken place at Paris, Edinburgh, and Glascow. BUT the first of these Reasons is grounded on a Mistake in point of Fact ; for tho' it be true that the Barbers were all originally Surgeons, and incorporated as such, yet long before the Union in question, most of them had quitted the actual Exercise of that Profession, and the Right itself of exercising it i?i virtue of their Charter, had been ' taken ' 3 H. 8. Ch. II. No Person within the City al London, nor within seven Miles, shall occupy as a Surgeon, except he be first examined, approved, and admitted by the Bishop of London or Dean of St. Paul's. eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 55^5 away by Parliament : And tho' in the Preamble of the uniting Act, both Companies are stiled Surgeons, yet from the ' Enacting Part (which expresly restrains the Barbers from occupying any part of Surgery, except Tooth-drawing) it is evident the Legislature did not consider them as real Surgeons, nor could intend their Improvement in a Science they were forbid to practise, so that the Circumstances of Things are not altered from what they then were, or from what they manifestly were designed to be ; and therefore the Barbers having no Relation to the Surgeons, or their Art (as it was then deemed no Objection to their Union) cannot now, with any Propriety, be insisted on as a Reason for their Separation. With regard to the Inconveniences complained of, as the Charge is general, this general Answer only can be given, That the Barbers have always, with the greatest Deference, submitted to the Surgeons in all Matters peculiar to them, and chearfully contributed, out of their common Stock, towards every Expence which they have declared necessary for the Honour or Advancement of their Profession. And since none of these Inconveniences have been of Consequence enough to deserve being particularly pointed out, we may venture to pronounce them inconsiderable, and unworthy the Attention and Redress of Parliament ; and the rather, as all of them put together, have not prevented the Surgeons of London from carrying the Improvement of their Art, both in Speculation and Practice, to a greater Height than has been done in any other Place or Nation. That the frequent Meetings of ingenious Men, and their free Communications on the Subject of their Profession, may tend to the Benefit of Mankind in general, and to the Honour of their Country in particular, is not denied : But surely the Constitution of the utiited Company is no obstacle to these laudable Purposes. The Barbers have for many Years, at their Monthly Courts, submitted to withdraw at a stated Hour, and resigned the Parlour to the Surgeons : And if this Condescension is not supposed to afford them sufficient Time for Conversation on these particular Days, nothing hinders them from holding seperate Assemblies at the Hall almost every other Day in the Year. As to what is said to have been done at Paris, Edinburgh, and Glasco7c>, no particular answer can be given, unless it appeared by what Means, for what Reasons, and upon what Terms the Separations in those Places were brought about. In London there are but two Instances of Separations of Companies, viz. that of the Fcltmahers from the Haberdashers in 1604, and that of the Apothecaries from the Grocers in 161 7 ; but both l j2 H. 8. Ch. 43. Sect. 3. No Person within the City of London, Suburbs of the same, and one Mile Compass of the said City, using any Barbery or Shaving, shall occupy any Surgery, Letting of Blood, or any other Thing belonging to Surgery, Drawing of Teeth only except. 4 G 2 5 273. Monken Hadley church. Gale's brass in, Meetings of the craft, 46. Not to come into Court unbidden, 176 206. 574. Oaths, 77, 117. Processions of the, 255. Monstrous child examined and reported Office bearing, 33, 34, 45, 77, 118. Verdicts against freemen for not taking 1 on, 333. Practising of the craft, 65, 77, 78, 119, the, 234, 235. Monumental inscriptions, 573, 574. 180. And hood forbidden to be worn. 274. Muscular lecture, readers of, 373-377. Presentation of patients, 77, 119, 182. Liverymen— Music, payment for, 226. Processions, &c, order in, 173, 182. Dismissed, 193, 202, 209. Musicianer chosen, 229. Quarterage, 33, 77, 120. Expelled for insolvency, 255, 273. Navy Surgeons— Religious observances, ^, 34. Permitted to wear hats with thei The Company nominate, 345. Revealers of secrets, 120, 191. liveries, 274. Interference with Company's rights as Seal. 118. Loans of money by members, 202. to, 350. Servants and journeymen, 46, 47, 63, London. Hollar's View of, 511. The examiners of, charged with mis- 64, 77, 171, 175. 180. Lord Mayor — conduct, 354. Summons, attendance on, 44, 77, 1 17. Barber-Surgeons who have been, 19. Extraordinary cases of, to be copied in Sunday trading, 77, 120, 172, 181. Masters dining with, 183. a book. 355. Surgeons, examination of, 119, 180. Lord Mayor's Day Commissioners of Navy complain of Stewards, 118. Company decides not to go out on, 235 unskilful surgeon, 356. Unseemly behaviour, 120. Company goes out for last time on. 421 Newgate. Ordinary of, relieved. 219. View, 118, 170, 174, 182. Lord Mayor's Show, none in 1603, in. New River water taken in, 405. Wardens, dutiesof,i20, 170, 179, 180,201. Lotteries, State, 103, 104, 106, 124. 125. Non -FRBEM en — yeomanry, 120. Lottery, offer to let hall for holding a Sent to prison for using barbery, 192. Osteology lecture, readers of, 373-377. 236. Arrested for using barbery. 410. Painter appointed, 177. " Loyal London," contributions toward Sent to prison for opening shop, 192. Pall used at funerals, 286. the, 412. 413. Ordered to remove sign, 193. ,, to be embroidered. 214. Masters and Wardens— To be summoned to take freedom, 223. ,, given to the Beadle. 232. Ancient list of, 513. Resolution to prosecute. 235. Past Master expelled for improperly List of, from 1308, 1. Prosecuted, 236. certifying Surgeons, 222. Machyn's Diary, extracts from, 100, 102 , (See also Foreyns. ) Past Master fined for contempt, 205. 103. Norwich. Barbers of, 21. 28, 575, 576. Patients of Dr. Butts', 86. Mandrake shewn to the Court, 397. Oath of freemen, 254. Patients not to be brought to the Hall. 180 Members punished for — ,, altered, 142. Peruke makers, proposed union with Teaching foreyiis. 198. Oaths taken upon old ordinance book. Company, 150, 151, 165, 166. Keeping foreyn uncessed, 186, 193. 184. Physicians— Being partner with a foreyn, 225. Obits compounded for, 187, 188. A petition against their tendering the Keeping too many servants or appren Offences punished ( see Members Covenant to the Barber-Surgeons, tices, 186, 268. punished l. 251- Keeping two shops, 207, 223. " Opprobryous wordes." slander. &c, A petition against Charter to the, 411. Setting up shop without licence, iui , cases of, 170, 176, 177, 191, 193. 194. A proposed conference with the, 326. 39 2 - Refusing to serve as Whiffler. 207. 196, 209, 212,217, 248, 274, 319. 341. 425, Differences with the Barber-Surgeons, 426, 427, 428. 125, 126. Index Re nun. 607 Physicians — continued. Opposition to encroachments of the, 399- Dr. Harvey's practice complained of, 336. Sen-ant prosecuted for using surgery, 33*- Physicians and Surgeons, Conjoint College of, 42. Pictures — Not to be defaced, 508. Of the 41 Philosophers, 509. Holbein's picture, 487, 512. „ what it represents, 80, 81. „ description of, 81-94. „ borrowed by Charles I, 93> 397- ,, borrowed by James I, 92. „ preserved in 1666, 143, 414- Sir R. Peel's opinion of, 91. „ Saml. Pepys' opinion of, 92. „ cartoons at College of Surgeons, 93. „ to be engraved, 510. „ Baron's study of, 513. „ engraved by Baron, 93. Thomas Allen, 488. Queen Anne, 513. Edward Arris, 510 512. Robert Balthrop, 404. Charles Bernard, 487, 512. Edward Charleye, 509. Charles II, 417, 487, 488, 512. Queen Elizabeth, 404. Mr. Feme, 488. Sir John Frederick, 487, 512. Dr. Goddard, 509. Dr. Gwyn, 509. James I, 392,509. Henry Johnson. 4S7, 513. Inigo Jones, 418, 487, 512. Thomas Lisle, 487, 512. Linneus, 512. Sir T. More and family, 510. Prince Elector Palatine, 488. John Paterson, 297, 511. Sir Peter Proby, 395, 404. Dr. Prudjon, 509. Duchess of Richmond, 297, 512. Sir C. Scarborough and E. Arris. 407, 487* .51°' 512- Ephraim Skinner, 487, 513. " Two Spanish pictures," 487, 513. Dr. Tyson, 419, 487, 511. Plague — In 1607, 202. In 1625, 128, 209. In 1636, 135. In 1665, 413. At St. Edmundsberey, 214. Plate — Ancient gifts of, 189, 190, 192. 493. 494, 495- 529* 532, 53 8 - Bought, 188, 418, 419, 493, 494. Altered or exchanged, 403. Pawned, 140, 406, 493, 496, 497. Redeemed, 497. Sold, 495, 496, 497. Yeomanry's, sold, 495. Fears as to safety of, 496. Inventory of, in 1728, 490. 401. Stolen, 208. Royal gifts, 492. Henry VIII's cup, 497. Charles II's cup, 499. Queen Anne's punch-bowl. 500. Gifts of modern masters, &c, 507. Arris' cups, 501. Plate — continued. Badge of barge master, 41S. Badge of master, 506. Badge of warden, 506. Beadles' maceheads,4S7, 506. Collins' flagon, 503. Loving cups, 501. Monforde's hammer, 506. Pepper boxes, 418. Punch ladles, 419, 505, 506. Rose-water dishes, 504. Tankards, 503, 504. Tea spoons, 505. Tea urn, 504. Tureens, sauce boats, &c., 504. Wardens' garlands, 397, 494, 506. Poors' box, purchase of, 403. Precedence— Of the Company, 239, 240, 241. Asserted in 1606, 116. Dispute with Tallow-chandlers as to. 402. Order of Aldermen as to, 195. Of members in court, 171. Precepts — Forbidding breach of the peace, 1S7. „ excess of apparel. 124. „ feasting, 44S, 449, 451. For loans to James I, m, 124. For loans to Charles I, 128, 136. For Midsummer watch in 1525, 76. For present to Charles II, 143. For provision of armour, 108. For provision of corn, &c, 104, 123, 128, 136, 205. For provision of gunpowder, 107, 136. For provision of soldiers, 106, 148. For relief of sufferers by fire at Bland- ford, Tiverton and Ramsey, 228. Suppressing rebels in Ireland, 107. For a pageant resisted, 129. For royal progresses and processions (sec Progresses). Present to Charles II, 143, 409. Prison, order for discharge out of, 205. Progresses, &c. — Elizabeth, 108, 109. James I, no. James I and Christian IV, 115. Henry, Prince of Wales, 123. Charles I, 136, 137, 404. Cromwell, 143. George I, 151. Property — Bequest of houses by R. Ferbras, 61, 161, 481. Leases granted, 174, 176, 177, 198, 234. A pretended lease, 199. Sold, 416. Sold in 1717 and reasons therefor, 152, 153. To be insured, 225. Houses bought in Monkwell Street. 109. Site of Theatre bought, 234. Quack— Punishment of, in 1382, 37. x\dvertisements pulled down, 385, 400. Dealt with, 336. Forbidden to practise, 352. Rejected. 351, 353. A Frenchman rejected, 334. Quaker admitted to freedom, 226. Quarterage, 29, 30, 33, 253, 270, 277, 278, 280. 284, 380. Quo Warranto. 145. Recorder, yearly fee to, 203, 396. Records got from Guildhall and Tower. 401. Rent Roll in 1603, 381. ,, in 1609, 394. Resuscitation, cases of, 320, 321, 358, 359, 360. Romish procession, and dinner at the hall in 1555, 100. Russian ambassador, Company meet the, 410. St. Alban, Wood Street — Contribution to repair of church, 212. Contribution to organ fund, 229. St. Olave, Silver Street— Contribution to repair of church, 201. Interesting method of assessment, 237. St. Paul's— Letter from Bishop Laud asking for contribution towards repair of, 129. Contribution, 403. Sceptre and two pictures presented, 189. Seal ordered, 226. ,, altered, 164. Seals corporate, 486. Search for a malefactor, 392. Search, the Masters to go in, 201. Secrets, revealers of, to be expelled, 191. Sergeant-Surgeons, list of, 18. Shampooing apparatus. 37S. Sheriff, Barber-Surgeons who have been, 19. Ship money, 107, 13=;, 212, 401. Skeleton, the, at the' Hall, 315. Skeleton, prepared by Arris for the Theatre, 337. Skin of an anatomy not to be tanned, 320. Soldiers billetted on City Halls, 142. „ Surgeons appointed for wounded, 334- ,, cost of furnishing. 590. ,, provision for, 106, 148. ,, {See precepts.) Sorcerer forbidden to practise Surgery, 3 2 7- . Spain, contribution to expedition against. 107. Stewards of feasts. 1 iS, 211, 407. 444. 464. 466, 467. Sunday Trading— Ordinances asto, 77, 120. 172, 181. Cases of, 182, 184. 185, roo, 191, 192, 200, 222, 223, 416. 426. Archbishop Arundel's letter as to, 48. Sun dial, 221, 400. Superannuation of Navy officers, exami- nations for, 351. Superannuation, candidate for, rejected, 353- Suppression of Charles I 's letter to Company, 138. Surgeon First admission of a, to freedom of City, 25. A contumacious, 336. An impertinent, 343. An impudent and defiant, 332. A slanderous, 329. Not approved, sent to prison 325. On his knees apologizes for slander. 3 J 9- Ordered to heal bis patient, 308, 316. Prosecuted for not exhibiting a sign. 322. Summoned for amputating a breast without calling in an examiner, 349. Summoned for not reading his lecture, 328. Ordered to be defended if sued by Physicians, 345. 6oS Index Rent in. Surgeons— Surgeonslicensed to practise in — continued. Trades of freemen binding apprentices, Examiners of, appointed, 308, 316,329. As Oculist, 331. 398, 399- Examination of, 157, 158. Rupture, 317, 329. Translation of freemen to other Com- Being examined, to give a silver spoon, Scrofula, 340. panies, 226, 254, 272, 273, 314, 349. 310. Surgeons complained of — Trenchers, wooden, 396, 405. Candidates for, rejected, 349. By patients, 315, 316, 317. 318, 319, Truss maker ordered to alter his sign Diplomas, 69, 311. 312, 343. Licenses to be recorded, 308. 321, 324, 328, 330, 341, 426, 427, 429. board, 350. For slander, 319. Violent freeman, a, 212. Ordered not to practise barbery, 217. For putting out unlawful sign, 316. Virgina, colony of, 121, 122, 123. Order to prosecute unskilful, 323, 328. Surgeons' Company peruse the united Virginia, sending children to, 395, 396. Unskilful, ordered not to practise, 319, Company's records after separation, Viscera lecture, readers of, 373-377. 322, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331. 229, 230. Warden dismissed for misconduct, 214. To appear at anatomies in flat caps, Surgeon -General for the army, Peter Warden Frederick applies for Deputy 37°- Thorney appointed, 334. to be appointed in his place, 197. Improperly elected masters, and pro- Surgical lectures, 362. Wardens, 120, 170, 171, 179, 180, 201. ceedings thereon, 149, 150. 1 apestry purchased, 393. Wardens' garlands, 397, 494, 506. Mr. Beckett's book on lives of, 351. Technical education, Company provide Woman Surgeon arrested, 392. Guild, 35. 36, 38, 47. „ disputes with Barbers' Com- for, 361. Women admitted to freedom, 260, Tenant complained of as disorderly, 211. Women, examination of condemned, 401. pany, 38, 39, 43, 51. Tenure, curious old, 188. Yeomanry — Surgeons, Bishop's Licences to — Thanksgiving and Humiliation days, Description of, 276, 277, 278. Act of Parliament for, 72. 73, 74. 395. 406, 407, 408, 413. Articles of. 120, 278, 279, 280. Surgeons to be examined before going Theatre of Anatomy — First Wardens of. 281. to Bishop, 310, 329. Leases from the City, 132, 133. Wardens not to go home in state, 281. „ presented to Dean of St. Built, 132. Wardens commit offender to prison, 282. Paul's 328. Contributions for building, 215. Forbidden to commit to prison, 284. Petition to Bishop of London, 322. Cost of building, 402, 403. Forbidden to attend weddings, 283. ,, to Archbishop of Canterbury Plan of, 134. Wardens to collect quarterage, 282. setting out the practice, 346. Ceiling to be decorated, 213. Compound for quarterage, 286. ,, to other Bishops, &c, 348. Ceiling to be boarded, 214. Forbidden to collect quarterage, 284. Bishop agrees not to license without Sculpture for the, 214. Dispute with Auditors, 284. a certificate, 350. Curiosities in the, 134, 488. Reproved for exceeding their powers, Company objects to pay caveat to To be repaired, 227. 284. Bishop's registrar, 358. Earl of Burlington requested to repair Not to keep their book of orders, 285. Practice continued till 18th century, 74. the, 231. Forbidden to hold quarterly dinners.284 Surgeons licensed to practise in— Restored by Earl of Burlington, 153, Not to dine, 451. Bone setting, 325. 154- Not to be sworn, 285. Dentistry, 178. To be pulled down, 233. Plate sold, 495. Couching, &c, 324, 329. Site bought, 234. Funeral pall, 2S6. Cutting for stone, 313, 317. Tortoiseshell given to the Hall, 218, 487. Tours, edict of, 23. Alleged to be illegal, 282, 283. Midwifery, 330. Extinction of the, 286, 287. NDEX NOMINUM. The Lithographed Pedigrees of Aylef, Lethieullier, Pen and Proby, having been inserted since this Index was prepared, will not be found here. The names of various obscure individuals have not been indexed. " Biographical notices " are in small capitals. L. M. signifies Lord Mayor. The same name will frequently be found more than once on the same page. Abbott, Sir Maurice, L.M., 357. Abraham, Stephen, 327. Adair, Serjt., 235. Adam, Henry, 96. ,, Thomas, 14, 15. Adams, Daniel, 14. „ John, 14. „ Sir Richard, 566. Alcocke, Nicholas, 527. Alcocke, Elizabeth, 527, 528. ,, Margaret, 527. ,, Nicholas, 83, 91, 95, 529. ,, Roger, 528. Alderson, Daniel, 270. ,, James, 270. ,, Katherine, 270. Richard, 286. Allen, Abraham, 7, 273, 328, 470, 477. „ Isaac, 494. „ Thomas, 8, 9, 194, z°3> 21 5* 2 49- 343- 344. 39 2 < 393. 45 2 i 488. Allott, Dr. Robert, 210, 331, 495. Alsop, Thomas, 82, 85. Alva, Duke of, 556. Alwyne, Nicholas, L.M., 71, 72. Amcottes, Sir Henry. L.M., 517. Amvand, Claudius, 565. Amyand, Anna Maria, 566. „ Anne, 566. „ Claudius, 11, 18, 228. „ Claudius, jun., 566. „ Sir George, Bart., 566. „ Harriet Mary, 566. „ Isaac, 565. „ John, 566. ,, Judith, 566. „ Mary, 567. „ Mary Catherine, 566. „ Thomas, 566. Andrews, Michael, 8, 127, 134, 215. Andrewes, Dr. Richard, 366. Robert, 305, 490, 504. Androwson, John, 170, 424. Anger, John, 95. ANNE, QUEEN, 150, 490, 492, 500, 505. 5131 5°3- Annis, John, 15. Anslow, John, 328. Anson, Robert, 69, 70. Antonio, John, 331. Appleton, Thomas, 4, 96, 173, 289, 302, 3°3- Archenbold, Nicholas, 6, 377. Archer, Thomas, 528. Arris, Edward, 547. Arris, Agnes, 550. ,, Edward, 8, 9, 19, 136, 140, 160, 162, 215, 251, 337, 343, 345, 368, 369, 372, 407, 452, 487, 491, 497, 501, 503, 510, 512, 550, 600. „ Elizabeth, 550. „ Jasper, 7, 8, 547, 550. ., Margaret, 550. „ Mary', 549> 55o- „ Olivia, 550. „ Robert, 548, 549, 550. „ Susan, 550. „ Thomas, 550. „ Dr. Thomas, 160, 161, 369, 370, 549> 55o. Arundell, Archbishop, 48, 49. „ and Surrey, Earl of, 128. „ Edward, 4, 5. „ Thomas, 96. Ashton, Thomas, D.D., 566. Ashwell, William, 4. Atkinson, Charles Howard, 17. „ John, 5, 6, 15, 95, 170, 238, 463, 465, 4S4, 485, 500, 505, 506. ,, Joseph, 14. ,, Randolph, 528. „ Richard James, 17. „ Thomas, 4. Atkyn, Henry, 95. Atmer, Lewis, 7, 95, 194, 323, 324, 429, 543- 59 1 - Atwood, William, 3. Augustinis, De, 86. Austin, George, 16, 17, 505. „ George, jun., 17, 507. „ Lawrence, 3. Awcetter, John, 95, 96. Aylef, Sir John, 516. Aylef, Alice, 518, 519, 521. „ Erkynwald, 518, 519, 520, 521. „ Sir George, 518. „ Lady Isabel, 89, 178, 518, 520, 521. „ Sir John, 5, 19, 75, 81, 82, 88, 89, 95. „ Sir John, jun., 89, 518, 519, 521. „ Martha, 520. „ Mary, 5'8, 519, 521. „ William, 520. Babbidge, Mr., 418. Bacon, William, 2. Baker. Alexander, 8. 482, 495. ., Frederick, 16. George, 7, 18, 329, 428, 530, 536, 543. 544, 59°- Bakon, John, 26. Baldwin, Henry, 4. 5. Bale, Dr. Charles, 375. „ Gratian, 10, 11, 305. 306. Nathaniel, 305. Balthazar (physician), 86. Balthrop, Robert, 528. Balthrop, Dorothy, 530. „ Richard, 530. „ Robert, 6, 18, 316, 404, 440, 52.3- 527> 528. „ William, 530. Bamber, John, 254, 345. Banckes (Banks, &c), James, 5, 308. ,, John, 4, 5, 95, 169,211, 219, 383, 398, 481, 494, 512. „ Thomas, 6, 7. 189, 481,494. 574. Bancks. Sir John. 478. 4 1 6io Index Nominum. Banester, John, 95. Banks, Dr. R., 377. Barber, K., 5. „ Thomas, 6. „ Alice le, 27. „ Johanna le, 25. „ Katherinc le, 25, 257. „ Richard le, 1, 23, 24, 25, 242, 257, 402. „ Hamo the, 27, „ Lawrence the, 26. „ Nicholas the, 27. „ Ralph the, 256. „ Roger the, 26. „ Thomas the, 26. Barbir, James, 575, 576. Barbur, Philip, 575, 576. Barbyr, Thomas, 575, 576. Barker, Henry, 9, 416, 547. „ John, 5, 96. „ William, 96. Barnard, John, 357. Barnes, William, 307. Barnet, Thomas, 273. Barnett, Thomas, 13. Barnwell, John. 11, 12, 163. 597, 598. Barn ye, John, 591. Baron, Bernard, 93, 422, 510, 513. Barowes, Anthony, 96. Barrett, Raphe, 322. Barrowby, Dr. W., 374, 375. Bartlett, Mr., 350. Bartlot, Walter, 61. Barton, Walter, 326. Baskerville, Jeffery, 268. Bates, James, 7, 543, 591. Batman, George, 96. Baylie (Bayley, &c), Noah, 193, 264. „ Thomas, 6, 10, 96, 102, 316, 523, 524- „ Timothy, 13. „ William, 14. Baylis, Sir Robert, L.M., 357. Baynes, Richard, 330. Beale, Richard, 296, 297. Bearblock, John, 12, 163. Beauchamp, Emma, 538. „ John, 538. Beckett. William, F.R.S., 351- Beckford, William, L.M., 567. Belchier, John, 376. Belfore, Sir William, 336. Bell, John, 96. „ Thomas, 490, 501. „ Rev. Dr., 530. Bellamy, William, 9, 10. Bendoe, Robert, 592. Bennett, James Douglas, 16. „ William, 9, 215, 270, 369. „ Mr., 530. Bernard, Charles (S.S.), 563. Bernard, Charles (S.S), 10, 18, 149, 294, 487, 490, 500, 512, 570. „ Charles, jun., 564. „ Charles (Clerk), 222.289, *93i 294- 295, 465- 5°5- „ Henry, 565. „ Jane, 564. „ Elizabeth, 570. „ Dr. Francis, 563. „ Mary, 564. „ Miss, 532. „ Samuel, D.D., 563. „ Susan, 564. „ Dr. William, 563, 564. Berney, Mr., 227. Berrow, John, 13. Bestchirche, John, 1. Beton, William, 316. Bette, William, 447. Beverley, Robert, 68. Bewsye, Robert, 319. Bierly, Mr., 478. Bigges, John, 591. Biggs, Thomas, 215. Bignell, William, 8, 9, 136. Billing, William, 95. Bird, John, 5, 95, 169. „ Thomas, 6, 7, 194, 201,323,493. 543, 59°- Blackley, Henry, 8, 202, 215. Blackborne, James, 330, 331. Blakey, John, 2. Blakye, John, 2. Blanford, William, 11. Blaunchard, Gilbert, 256. Blayny, Edward, 303. Blounde, John, 61. Bludder, Sir Thomas, 545. Bludder, John, 454. „ Sir Thomas, 452. Blundell, John, 12. Bodeley, Henry, 96. Boleyn, Queen Anne, 86, 87. Bolingbroke, Lord, 139. Boll, Richard {See Bowie). Boiling, Christopher, 95. Bond, William, 10, it. Bone, John, 3. Bonnar, John, 5, 6, 96, 426. Bonner, Richard, 265, 266. Bonwick, Jacob, 307. Boone, Elizabeth, 550. Henry, 8, 9, 136, 215, 337, 343. 369, 452, 487, 550, 563. Booth, John, 225. Bordman, John, 95. Borgarneins, Dr. Julyo, 314, 363. Borne, John, 8. „ Thomas, 8, 210, 495. „ William, 7, 543, 590. Borrell, William, 96. Borrett, Samuel, 307. Bosberry, Ralph de, 257. Bost, Henry, 591. Botelier, John, 4, 71. Botham, Daniel, 591. Bourne, Thomas, 396. Bovey, Ralph, 7, 494, 543. William, 6, 316,538. Bowden, Thomas, 9, 215, 337, 338, 341, 342, 343, 344, 400, 501. Bowghy, George, 270. „ Katherine, 270. Bowlden, Nicholas, 324, 325. Bowie, Richard, 5, 95, 169, 426. Boxley, Edward, 12, 163, 597, 598. Boyvell, Thomas, 1, 402. Brabanzon, Roger le, 256. Bradley, Henry, 6, 591. Brampton, John, 2. Branton, John, 2. Brass, William, 507. Braswell, John, 96. Braye, William, 591. Brett, Elizabeth, 545. „ Robert, 545. Brian, George, 4. Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, 411. Bridges, Thomas, 12. Brightmore, Richard, 3. Brightwelton, George, 96. Bristolle, John de, 27. Brock, Thomas, 16. Brode, William, 591. Bromefeld, Lewis, 96. Bromfield, William, 377. Bromley, Humfrey, 333. Brooke, Henry, 2. Brooks, James, 9, 10. ,, John, 164, 165. „ Major, 144, 414. Brothers, Nicholas, 9, 215, 342. Brown, Edward, 349. „ Robert, 5. Browne, Martin, 546. Browne, Dr., 190, 200. „ Barker, 391. „ Christopher, 330. „ George, 15. „ John, 4, 95, 406, 429, 497. „ Margaret, 547. „ Martin, 8, 9, 215, 250, 251, 341, 342, 490, 497, 501, 502. „ Rebecca, 547. ,, Thomas, 2, 8, 452. „ William, 591. Brownhill, Robert, 5, 6, 95, 169. Bryckett, John, 177, 270. Brykesworth, George, 527. Bucke, Alice, 522, 523. Buckell, Isabel, 518. „ Robert, 519. Buckingham, Edward, Duke of, 514. Buckley, Roger, 274. Bull, Sir John, 565. Bull, Henry, it. „ Sir John, 19. „ Richard, 565. „ William, 6, 184. Bullock, Robert, 9, 215, 343. Burgavenny, Henry, Lord, 514. Burgavenny, Frances, Lady, 515. „ Mary, Lady, 514. Burges, John, 317, 591. Burgess, John, 7, 190. Burleigh, Lord, 544. Burlington, Earl of, 94, 153, 154, 231, 422. Burn, James Frederick, 16. Burnett, Thomas, 96. Burroughs, Mr., 227. Burston, Thomas, 6, 281, 426, 547. Burton, Thomas, 9. „ Isaac, 13. Bushe, Henry John, 393. Butphillian, Thomas, 95. Butts, Dr. William, 82, 85, 86. Bynns, Fenton, 345. „ Joseph, 9. Byrkes — , 513. Cade, Richard, 250, 274, 539. Cadwalder, Richard, 322. Cairnes, Sir Alexander, 557. Caister, Thomas, 10. Calamy, Edmund. 561. Caldwell, Edward, 326. „ Thamar, 128. „ Thomas, 8, 19, 127, 128. Callowe, Edmund, 2. Calveley, Thomas, 9. Canham, Thomas, 9, 221. "Canonbury Bessie " 134, 337. Canterbury, Archbishop (Tenison), 346. Capoll (Caupoll, &c), Richard, 1, 3. Carden, Sir R. W., L-M., 572. Carelill, Edward, 272. Carlisle, Earl of, 516. Carpenter, James, 15, 16. „ Thomas, 16. Carre, John, 391. Carrington, John, 591. „ Richard, 319, 591. „ William, 426, 427, 590. Carroll, Captain, 414. Index N ami num. 611 Carter, Henry, 489. Clowes. William, jun., 8, 18, 136. 215, Cutberd, John, 96. „ John, 16, 506 216, 248, 250, 339, 342, 367. Cutbert, John, 96. „ Joseph, 15. Cobbold, John, 96. Cuthbertson, Francis, 16. Carysfort, Earl of, 534. Cock, Edward, 404. Cutler. Richard, 538. Castard, Thomas, 3. Cockaigne, Edward, 10. Susan, 538. Caster, John. 2, 3. Coghill, John, 7, 8, 206. Dagvile, John, 61. Cave, William, 305, 306, 345, 349. Cokerell, Richard, 96. Daiseman, Peter, 5, 95, 169. Cawsey, William, 313. Cole, John Benjamin, 14. Dale, Henry, 107. Cazor (Cazier), Henry, 4, 5, 95. ,, Simon, 3. Dallahouse, Alyson, 573. Cecil, Sir Robert, 544. ,, William, n. ,, Robert, 3, 573. Chaddock, Richard, 591. Colebeck, Edward, 163, 597, 598. Dallinge, John de, 26. Challoner, Sir Thomas, 567. Colebrooke, Dr., 373. Dalton, John, 2. Dance, George, 234, 420. Challoner, Mary, 567. Coleridge, Sir J. D., 60. „ Rachel, 567. Colet, Sir Henry, L.M., 63. Daniell, Richard, 473. „ Sir Thomas, 13, 19. „ William, 29, 32, 34, 402. „ Thomas, 4. ,, Thomas, 567. Coley, Richard, 96. Dansie, James, 12, 155. Chamber, John, 308, 424. Collard, Thomas, 3. Dards, John, 7, 8, 193, 591. „ Robert, 96. Colley, Allen, 263,426, 427, 591. Darker, Thomas, 96. Chamberlaine, Dr., 405. „ John, 15. Darling, John, 10. Darnell, Serjt., 149. Chambers, Richard, 3. Collins, Nicholas, 199. Chamblent, Dr., ^68. ,, Richard, 306, 307, 421. Dasons, Robert, 2. Chambre, Dr., John, 82, 87, 8S. Thomas, 8, 9, 331, 338, 339, 369, Daulton, John, 2. Chapelyn (Chapeley), William, 2. 490, 503. Daunt, John, 3. Chapman, William, 1, 30, 32, 303, 304. Colman, John, 378. Dauntese, William, 96. CHARLES 1, 93, 129, 134, 136, 138, 142, Colmer, Dr. H., 373. Davy, Sir Horace, 445. 156. 33 8 ' 339' 397' 4°4. 48S, 515, 602. CHA RLES II , 143, 409, 410, 412, 417, 471, Compton, Sir William, 88. Davis, Dr., 365. Conny. John, 10. Davison, John, 14. 487, 488, 490, 492, 499, 500, 512, 515, 553. Connysbye, Nicholas, 424. Davyes, John, 8, 215. Charley. Edward, 209, 215, 396, 452, 509. Conway, Lord, 334. „ Thomas, 8, 19. Charterane, John, 96. „ Secretary, 127. Davys, Reynold, 592. Chaumbre, Henry de la, 257. Conyngesby, Simon, 1. Dawes, Thomas, 4, 69, 70. Cheselden, William, 568. Cook, Henry, 1, 30, 32, 424. Deane. John, 10, 317. Cheselden, George, 568, Cooke, Sir Anthony, 200. Dee, Mr., 149. William, 12. „ Sir John, 334, 398. Defoe, Daniel, 561. Cheshire, Richard, 10. „ Robert, 437, 441. Deighton, John, 529, 530, 531, 532. Chevall, Edmond, 90, 525. „ Thomas, 352. De la Fortre, Jane, 556. Lucy, 525, 527. Cooper, Joseph, 453. John, 556. Cheynall, Jonathan, 505. „ Richard, 7, 8, 208, 249, 450. Demynge, John, 174. Cheyr, John, 1. Corbet, William. 327. Den, Agnes, 573. Child, Richard, 96. Cornewall, Catherine, 566. „ John, 573. Childe, John, 1, 2. „ Sir George, Bart., 566. Dene, John, 95. Christian, Hamlet, 387, 388, 339. „ Velters, 566. Denham, George, 7. CHRISTIAN IV, 114,116. Cornish, Edward Charlus, 17, 507. Denman, Sir Thomas, 467. Chovett, Abraham, 376, 377. „ James, 16. Denmark, John, 3. Clarck, Thomas, 473. „ James Cope, 17. Denny, Jonathan, 17, 507. Clark, Christopher, 591. Corron, George, 6, 281, 440, 493. Denys, John, 96. Clarke, Abraham, 9. Cosins (See Cousins). Deodate, Dr. John, 375. ,, Augustine, 5, 169. Cosmo and Damian, Saints, 68, 433, 434. Derham, Robert, 194, 195. „ Elizabeth, 491. Cotes, Mrs. W. J., 569. Dering, Sir Edward, 560. „ James, 215. Cotesworth, William, 11, 154. Dester, Thomas, 96. „ Richard, 591. Cotton, John, 330. Dethick, Gilbert, 437, 441. „ Robert, 6, 8, g, 209. „ Lawrence, 8, 213, 215, 250, 367. Deviatt, Abraham, 491. „ William, 10. „ Randall, 591. Dickins, Ambrose, 570. Clapp, James, 15. „ Thomas, 12, 163, 483. Dickins, Ambrose. 11. 18, 153, 155, 228, Clay, James, 14. W. J. R.. L.M., 572. 486, 564, 566. Clemence, Thomas, 546. " Country Tom," 134. „ George, 570. Clerc, Richard. 2. Cousins, Joseph, 11, 225, 226. Dicson, Thomas, 96. Clerk, Robert, 378. Coweye, Edward, 591. Dier, Hugh, 95. „ Roger, 37. Cowper, William, 568. Dixon, Ralph, 267. „ William, 378. „ William. Lord, 150. „ Thomas, 273. Clerke, Abraham, 343, 344. Coxe, Leonard, 6, 7, 184, 543. William, 592. Clifton, Kellam, 303, 304. Cragell, John, 96. Dobby, Nicholas, 591. William, 201. Cranfield, Sir Lionel, 92. Dobynson, Bartholomew, 96. Closs, Samuel, 15. Cranmer, Archbishop, 85. Dodds, William, 13. Clowes, William, 535. Crawford. Earl of, 562. Dodinghurst, John de, 256. Clowes, William, jun., 537. Croidon, Roger de, 27. Dodwell, Robert, 96. Clowes, Ann, 537, 538. „ Catherine, 538. Cromer, Dr. Walter, 86. „ Lady Ann, 557. Cromwell, Oliver, 143, 407, 408. Doorebarre, Thomas, 399, 404, 408. „ Geoffrey, 538. Crooke, Dr., 332. Dorrell, John, 215, 452. „ Henry, 538. Crosby, Bartholomew, 3. Dorrington, John, 491, 504. James, 234, 537, 538. Crosse, Mary, 140, 496, 497. Dormot, John, 96. „ Mary, 538. ., Symon, 473. Dorset, Earl of, 116, 121. „ Nicholas, 538. Crouch, Symon, 217. Doughton (See Dowton). „ Richard, 538. Crowe, William, 6, 184. Douglas, Dr. James, 374. „ Sarah, 537, 538. Crump, Mr., Q.C., 572. „ Robert. 14, 505. „ Susan, 538. Cruttenden, Joseph, 230. Douglass, John. 352. „ Thomas, 535, 538. Cumberland, John, 321. Dounesheued, William de, 26. „ William, 7, 319, 427, 428, 537, 538. Cunningham, Dr. William. 363, 524. Dowell, Ralph, 3. 41 bi2 Index Norn i num. Downeing, Nicholas, 335, 336. Dowries, Robert, 14. Downhall, William, 535. Downham, William, 96. Downinge, Humphry, 274. Downys, Robert, 96. Dowton. Arthur, 8, 473. Draper, William, 96. Drewe, Richard, 172. „ William, 308, 424. Driver, George, 16. „ John, 14, 482. ,, Thomas George, 17. „ Thomas Skegg, 15. Drumacks, John, 3. Duell, William, 359. Duffeeld, Edward, 271. Dunn (Dunne), George, 8, 9. 140, 217, 338, 342^ 367, 369. Dunnett, Malcolm, 14, 484. William, 16. Dunolm, Henry de, 256. Dupont, — , 334, 398. Duppa, Thomas, 287. Dupre, Josias, 480. Dycson, Richard, 425. Dye, Samuel, 136, 209, 215, 251, 452. Eade, Richard, 273. Easte, Matthew, 592. Eastey, Richard, 3. Eaton, Henry, 215. 342. 452. Matthew, 271. Ecclestone, William Aaron, 17. Eden, Ralph, 14. „ William, 290. Edenborough, Samuel, 15. Edlyn, John, 96. EDWARD VI, 471 52,87,89,91. Edwards, Joel, 15. „ John, 447, 529, 530, 531, 532. Edwin, Sir Humphey, L.M., 560. Edwin, Charles, 560, 561. „ Sir Humphry, L.M., 10, 19, 221. „ Humphry, jun., 560. „ John, 562. ,, Mary, 560. „ Samuel, 560, 561. „ Thomas, 560. William, 560. ELIZABETH, QUEEN, 87, 92, 102, 103, 108, 109, 121, 313, 398, 439, 440, 543. Ellenborough, Lord, 237. Ellesmere, Lord, 116, 121. Elliot, Alexander, 592. „ (Elyott), Richard, 5, 95, 170. Emberson, Thomas, 16. Emerton, Robert, 13, 14, 504, 507. Enderby, John, 4, 5, 95, 169, 172. Erwin, James, 349. Essex, Earl of, 107. Essington, Thomas, 12. Evans, Edward, 303. „ Henri 7 , io ^ „ Richard, 548. „ William, 13. Eve, Thomas, 591. Evelyn, John, 139. Exeter, Bishop of, 88. Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 142, 405. Fane, Sir Thomas, 515. Farendon, Sir Nicholas de, 24, 256. Farmer, January, "1 486, 567- Farre, James, 9. Fauconer, Thomas, L.M.. 40, 43. Fayles, Thomas, 96. Fenton, John, 7, 116, 121, 193, 194, 200, 202, 206, 208, 326, 327, 332, 386, 473' 476, 508. Fenton, Joseph, 8, 323, 329. Ferbras, Robert, 61, 161, 382, 398, 481. Feme, James, 11, 12, 486, 488, 568. Ferrat, William, 271. Ferris, Richard, 524. Ferris, Em, 524. „ Richard, 5, 6, 18, 83, 92, 170, 312, 59*- „ Thomazme, 524. Fettyplace, Mr., 542. Field, John. 6, 14, 316, 524, 590. „ William, 290. Finlay, Robert, 152, 153. Fitzhugh, Mr., 227. Kiizjames, Sir John, 77, 579, 586. Flecton, Robert, 449. Fleete, Edward, 209, 215, 334, 369, 452. Fl^mmynge, Gyles, 330. Flower, William, 437, 441. Foliard, Ralph, 9, 19. Follioi, Thomas, 3. Foot, Robert, 559. Ford, Grace, 534. „ Sir Richard, 534. Forster, Robert, 95. Forty, Henry, 411, 412. Foster, Henry, 591. „ John, 325, 452. „ Nathaniel. 304, 305, 453. Philip, 10. Ralph, 9, 454. „ Randall, 7, 8, 206, 208, 476, 591. „ Robert, 273. ., Roger, 4. William, 328. Fothergill, Thomas, 491, 504. Fountayne, William, 591. Fradin, Daniel, 12, 463. Franck, John, 210. „ John, jun., 210, 219 Frankish, Rowland, 3. Fraunceis, Gefery, 96. James, 592. FREDERICK V. Elector Palatine, 396,513. Frederick, Sir John, L.M., 550. Frederick, Christopher, 7, 18, 194, 197, 198, 200, 206, 264, 325, 329, 473- 476, S°8, 543, 550, 551. „ Elizabeth, 553, 555. „ Sir John, L.M., 9, 19, 197, 343, 344,487, 490, 501, 502, 512, 554, 555, 556, 558- ,, Sir John, Bart., 553. „ Judith, 553, 554, 555. Mary, 551. Thomas, 553. William, 551. Freeman, Elizabeth, 142. Freke, Mr., 155, Freman, Edward, 95. Freind, Dr. John, 373 Frende. John, 316, 317, 318. Frizemigefeyld, — , 389. Fryer, William, 9, 10. Fuller, Robert, 7, 473. Fullerton, Sir James, 127. Furnese, Sir Henry, 557. Fynceham, John de, 257. Fynche, Richard, 331. Fyninge. William, 7, 109, 116, 202, 383, 387, 39o, 508. Fyshe, Thomas, 5, 96, 312. Gale, Elizabeth, 574. „ Jane, 574. ., John, 162, 220, 574, 600. -, Mary, 574- ., Suzan, 574. ., Thomas. 5, 6, 102, 312, 363- 439. 524. Gale, William, 6, 7, 206, 220, 329, 524, 574, S9°- Galle (See Gale). Gamlyn, John, 96. Gardener, John, 317. Gardiner, Thomas, 18. Gariswall, Anthony, 531. Garland, Ralph, 5, 95. Garrard, Sir Thomas, 197. Garrett, Sir William, L.M., 99. Garrood, Thomas, 13, 14. Garter, Thomas, 290. Garwood, Robert, 14. Gastey, Richard, 3. Gataker, Thomas, 18. Gatard, William, 3. Gayle (Sec Gale). Geddyngs, Richard, 1. Geekie, Alexander, n, 418. Geene, George, 5, 6, 95, 99, 102, 169, 170, 308, 312. Geery, Henry, 4. GetTery, Thomas, 2. GEORGE I, 151. Gerard, John, 540. Gerard, John, 96. „ John (Herbalist), 7, 194, 206, 329, 4 2 9- ( ihcys, Mr., 232. Gibbs, Sir R., 236. Gibson, Thomas, 4, 5, 76. ,, Zachariah, 10, 11. Gilberd, John, 95. Gill, Philip, 215. ,, Thomas, 491, 504. Gillam, Thomas, 331, 334, 494, 495. Giles, Dr. Marmaduke, 374. Gisberd, Melser, 331. Gisebourn, Walter, 1. Glasier, Elizabeth, 521. Glen, Alexander, 13. Glenister, William, 12. Gloucester, Duke of, 409. ,, Robert de, 257, ( ilyn, Serjeant, 411. Glynton, Thomas, 174. Godard, Reginald, 1. Goddard, Dr. John, 342, 370, 509. ,, Thomas, 3. Godman, Mr., 350. Godschall, Robert, 357. Golding, Thomas, 13, 14. Goldsmith, Dr., 375, 376. Gomine, William, 30, 32. Goodale, Edward, 286. ,, Thomas, 204, 323, 391. Goodall, Dr., 125, 345. ,, Thomas, 196, 428. Goodby, John, 5. Gooderus, William, 5, 7, 18, 206, 329, 53°, 531, 5.37- Goodwin, William, 176. Goodwyn, Henry, 327. Gorton, Edward, 300, 304. Gorston, Humphry, 394. Gossidge, Lewis, 209. Gower, Richard, 5. Gowrie, Earl of, 394, 396. Grafton, John, 2, 3. ,, Richard, 521. Grange, George, 14. Grantone, John de, 1, 35, 36. Grave, Henry, 2. Gray, Donald, 16. „ George, 491, 503. ,, John, 96. Greenbury, Richard, 398, 407, 494, 509, 512- Index Norn in it in. Greene (Grene), Edward, n. Hawkins, Caesar Henry, 572. Holland, James, 4. n n John, 95. ,, Charles, 572. ,, John, 71, 95. 11 11 Joseph, 11. ,, Pennell, 572. ,, Richard, 591. H ,, Thomas, 3. Hawley, Sir Thomas, 517. Holliday, Robert, 3, 4. .1 it William, 5, 6, 96, 102, Haydon, John, 1. HolHer, Thomas, 9. *&4, 573- Hayes, Robert, 11. Holmes, John, 350. Greenway, John, 96. Hayles, William, z- Holt, Sir John, 150. Gretton, Henry, 164, 307, 357. Haynes, Christopher, 95. ,, Lord Chief Justice, 560. Griffin, Edward, 6, 7, 420, 590. Haysie, John, 6, 7. Homewood, Thomas, 473. „ Joseph, 464, 465. Hayward (Haward, Heyward, &c). John, Hooker, Anne, 556. „ Thomas, 12, 13. 12, i57* J 59 ,, Elizabeth, 555. Griffine, John, 524, 530, 531. ti 11 Richard, 3, 4 71 211. ., Richard, 555. Griffith, Edward, 540. ,, Richard, jun. 211. ,, Robert, 553. „ Morrice, 215. Heath, Nicholas, 8, 134, 136, 1 4 2 » 215. ,, Sir William, L.M., 357, 556. Grig, Thomas, 274. 3 6 7, 4°5- Hooper, John, 421. Griggs, William, 437. ,, Sir Robert, 131. Hopgood, Thomas Burn, 15. Grint, Dr., 332. Heaps, John, 16, 307. Hopkinson, William, 4. Grome, Thomas, 95. Helton, George, 105. Hopton, Richard, 515. Grottell, Robert, 317. Hemp, James, 15, Horsnell, George, 10. Grove, Andrew, 591. ,, William, 15, 16. Horton, William, 3. ,, Robert, 95, 273. Henlye, Philip, 591. Howard, Sir Edward, 139. Grymsen, John, 592. HENRY V, 50. „ Sir William, 516. Gurney, John, 163, 597, 598. VII, 433- Howlden, Richard, 274. „ William, 8, 9. VIII, 75, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 , 89, Huckle, William, 8, 134, 213, 215. Gwyn, Dr., 210, 334, 338, 365, 509. 9°i 9 1 . 433. 435, 439. 44°. 487. Hughbank, Edward, 96. ,, Susan, 338. 490, 492, 497, 498, 5 to, 516, Hughes, Richard, 6, 440. Gyle, John, 5. 520, 524, 525. ,, James, 303. Gyllam, William, 182, 316. Herbert, Sir Henry, 333. Humphris, Edmund, 14. Gyllet, Thomas, 590. ,, Thomas, 14. Hungate, Christopher, 95. Gylman, Thomas, 96. Herenden, Anthony, 11. Hunne, William, 2. Gymblet, John, 591. Herne, Sir Nathaniel, 554. Hunt, Gabriell, 325. Hacche, Johanna atte, 37. Heme, Basil, 555. Hurford, William, 13. ,, Roger atte, 37. ,, Frederick, 555. Hutton, John, 5, 95. Hadden, George, 15. ,, James, 555. ,, Robert, 95. Haddon, William, 12, 155, 163, 597, 598. ■1 John, 555. I'Ans, Elizabeth, 233. Haines, Richard, 16. Sir Joseph, 553, 555. Michael, 12, 233, 482, 483. Hall, Anthony, 303. „ Judith, 554, 555. Ibatson, John, 429. Ingolsby, Edward, 7, 8, 95, 206. M John, 314, 363, 364. ,, Kathenne, 555. ,, Roger, 591. Mary, 555^ ,, James, 3, 4, 68. ,, Sylvanus, 234, 235. ,, Sir Nathaniel, 9, 19, 553 558. Ingram, Sir Arthur, 555. ,, Thomas, 9, 183, 187, 364. ,, Nathaniel, jun., 555. Ireland, Edward, 6. Halyday, Robert, 68, 69. ,, Nicholas, 554, 555. Ironside, Richard, 555. Hamersley, Hugh, L.M., 333. ,, Richard, 554, 555. ,, Sarah, 555. Hamlyn, John, 96. ,, Susan, 555. Izard, John, 7, 194, 206, 428, 493, 495, Hammond, Richard, 3. ,, Thomas, 555. 543. 59°- Hamond, Mr., 341. ,, Sir William, 555. ,, Mistress, 203. Hampshire, Thomas, 14. Herte, Hugh, 432. Jackson, John, 10. Hands, Dr., 373. Hetherley, William, 96. ,, William, 163. Handsom, Robert, 4. Hewett, Edward, 96, 281, 308. Jaggard, John, 282. Harbert, Robert, 384, 385, 388. ,, Richard, 10. JAMES 1, 92, no, in, 112, 123, 126, 394, Harbin, Richard, 127. Heydon, John, 8, 30, 32, 213, 215, 269, 397, 468, 470, 515. Hardy, William, 306. . 334. 367- JAMES II, 147, 14S, 560, 563. Hare, William, 15, 16. Higgs, William, 95. James, Jeremiah, 14. Hargrave, Charles, 293, 294. Higgins, Richard, 473. ,, Richard, 541. Harington, John, 592. Hill, Joseph, 13. Jasper, — , 313. Harman. Edmund, 5, 19, 75, 81, 82, 90, 95. ,, Sir Rowland, L.M., 521. Jenkin, John, 345. Harper, John, 421. „ William, 2, 3, 96. Jenkins, Roger, 7, 121, 273, 328, 473. Harris, Thomas, 13. Hiller, William, 95. Jenkinson, Mathias, 329. Hart, John, 14. Hilles, Mr., 383, 384, 385. Jennings, Robert, 286, 473. Harte, Hugh, 2, 3. Hingham, John, 3. Jersey, Earl of, 554, 555. Harvard, Elizabeth, 519. Hinxman, Daniel, 8. Jewrin, Dr. Thomas, 374, 375. Harvey, James, 16. Hitchen, John, 6, 590. Johnson, Edmund, 305, 339. ,, Richard, n. Hobbs, Dr., 134. ,, Francis, 305. ,, William, 436, 440, 442. ,, (Hobbes, &c), John, 2. ,, Henry, 9, 10, 487, 513. ,, Dr. William, 336. „ ,, Thomas, 10, 1 .:. 265. ,, John, 3, 4, 5, 7, 95, 186, 187, Harvie, John, 9. ,, ,, William, 3, 1 8. 188, 289, 290, 425, 493, 523, Haryot, Sir William, L.M., 61. Hodes, Thomas, 318. 59°- Haselhurst, Henry, 4. Hodgkinson, Henry, 215. ,, Matthew, 5, 95, 99, 169, 170, Hassall, John, 7, 206, 267, 273. Hogarth, William, 572. 273- Hastyngs, Robert, 96. Hogeson, James, 96. ,, Richard, 591. Hathorne, William, 591. Hogekynson, Henry, q$. ,, Robert, 7, 190, 206, 323, 450, Hatley, Ralph, 10. Hogkyn, Michael, 527. 591. Hatton, Christopher, 336. Holbein, Hans, 80, 81, 510. ,, Thomas, 5, 95, 99, 169, 170. Havers, Dr. Clopton, 373. Holden, Richard, 328. ,, Tobias, 8, 272. Hawkes, John, 425, 591. Holditch, Samuel, 343. ,, William, 96. Hawkins, Sir Caesar, Bart., 571. Holehouse, Samuel, 16. Jones, Dr. Hezekias, 374. 11 11 18,377,570. ,, Thomas, 13, 235. ,, Inigo, 94, 134, 135, 144, 211, 232, ,, Csesar, 571. Holland, George, 5, 312. 402, 416, 487, 512. 6i4 Index Norn inn in. Jones, Owine, 322. Leven, Lady, 516. Mathews, John, 272. ,, Richard, 14. Leycock (See Laycock). Maurice, Luke, 11, 12, 155, 228, 230, 419, ,, Togarmah, 163, 597, 598. Lilley, Robert, 3. 597, 59.8-. Joy, Mistress, 217. Linacre, Thomas, 87. May, William, 1. Jurden, Philip, 592. Lingham, William, 8, 214, 215. Maynard, Robert, 4. Keble, George, 535. Lings, John Benjamin, 15. Mayne, Owyn, 3, 4. Keith, Alexander, 349. Linneus, 512. Mead, Dr. Richard, 373. Kellaway, Nicholas, 190, 196, 325, 391, Lisle, Thomas, 9, 19, 487, 512. Meath, Bishop of, 472. 493- Litchfield, Thomas, 10, 150, 222, 563. Mede, Thomas, 95. Kellett, Edward, 275, 494. Littlebury, William, 164, 307, 357. Medley, Jonathan, 12, 163, 597, 598. ,, Walter, 4, 5. Loader, Richard A. C., 16. Meeke, Walter, 493. ,, William, 495. Locke, William, 517. Melville, Lord, 516. Ken, Mathew, 427, 592. Loe, Laurence, 9, 215, 218, 343, 452. Meredith, John, 215. Kent, James, 272, 495. Lomeline (See Lumley). Mereston, John, 2. ,, Richard, 3. Long, William, 14, 483. Merlawe, Richard, 2. Kerkby (Kyrkeby, &c), William, 4, 5, Lookes, Richard, 12, 163. ,, Richard, L.M., 40. 76, 95, 169. Kerrell, John, 7, 8, 473. Loup, William, 11. Meverell, Dr., 367, 405. Love, Martin, 16. Mew, John, 26. Key, Garrett, 325. Loveday, Mr., 134. Michel], John, L.M., 43. Kjdd, William, 5. Lovell, John Cary, 507. Middelton, Henry, 11, 357. Kidder, Thomas, 15, 483. ,, Sir Thomas, 86. ,, Sir Hugh, 404. King, Bartholomew, 10, 150. Lovels, Mr., 282. ,, Thomas, 10, 357. ,, James, 15, 351. Low, Robert, 15, 16. Miles, William, 354. ,, John, 10. Lowe. Vincent, 271. Milliners, Edmund, 4. Kingman, Thomas, 9. Lowther, John, 13. Millington, Anthony, 192. Kings, William, g, 215, 218, 342, 343, Lucas, Richard, 3. Mills, John, 209. 369, 431. Lufkin, John, 8, 452. Minikin, George, 10, 221. Kippax, William, 13, 504. Lumley, Dominic, 8, 274, 321, 473, 495. Minn, Thomas, 322. Kirby, Ralph Smith, 16. William, 17. Minto, Earl of, 566. Knight, Deborah, 569. I.unne, John, 2. Misleden, Robert, 4. ,, John, 9, 10, 18, 414, 499, 500, Lybbe, John, 96. Mitchell, Joseph, 464, 465. 5I 3". Lyghthed, William, 95. Molines, James, 8, 210. Knightly, William, 319, 592. Lymcocke, Hugh, 5, 6, 95. Molins, Edward, 217. Knolles, Thomas, 43. Lynch, Simon, 11. ,, William, 372. Knott, John, 4, 69, 70. Lynche, Walter, 425. Mollyners, Lawrence, 96. ,, Thomas, 5, 52, 75, 76, 78,99, 169, Lyon, Anthony, 14, 15. Mondey, Anthony, 211. 170, 312. James, 14, 15. Mone, Thomas, 95. Moneycock, Richard, 3. Knowles, Roger, 10. Lyster, John, 591. Knox, John, 14. Lythego, William, 14. Monforde, James, 5, 83, 90, 503, 506, 507. Koppisley, Thomas, 68. Lyving, Nicholas, 3, 4, 68. Monmouth, Duke of, 515. Kydd, William, 95. Maccullock, Peter, 376, 377. Monmouth, Duke of, 413, 516. Lamb, David, 14, 504. Machell, John, 521. Montagu, Lady Catherine, 561. ,, Richard, 287. Machin, John, 591. Montgomery, Viscount, 139. Lambkin, Thomas, 187, 273, 425. Machyn, Henry, 100, 102. Moore, Charles, 12, 13, 465. Lamyngton, Robert de, 27. Maderman, Thomas le, 26. ,, Dr. Norman, 88, 537. Lane, Pascall, 322, 327. Madocks, John, 9, 220. Morden, John, 3. Langford, Henrietta M., 548, 550. Madox, Thomas, 406. More, George, 96. Larden, Richard, 493. Malmesbury, Earl of, 566. „ John. 177. Laud, Archbishop, 129, 130. Manchester, Earl of, 139, 561. „ Sir Thomas, 77, 244, 423, 446, Laugecombe, Sir John de, 26. Maneringe, Thomas, 591. . 510. 579* 586. Laurence, Sir John, 553. Mangrave, Thomas de, 25, 257. „ William, 318, 591. „ Joan, 574. Mansfield, Anne, 560. Morgan, Richard, 14, 15. Law, Thomas, 14. Mapes, Faith, 214. Morland, John, 364. Lawless, Edward, 299, 307. ,, Richard, 7, 193, 201, 206, 214, Morrey, Robert, 326, 391. Lawton, Philip, 15, 484. 217, 286, 323, 329,330,365, 387, 429, Morreyson, William, 4. Layborne, Roger, 591. 473i 476- Morrice, Richard, 8, 216. Laycock, John, 6, 7, 113, 190, 205, 206, Marcadye, James, 318. Morris, Mathew, 307. 3 2 3, 3 8 7> 389. 473* 542, 543, 591. Maresfield, William, 4. Morrys, Richard, 271. Layfleld, William, 10. Marham, John, 68. Morryt, John, 273. Ledes, Robert, 06. Le Despencer, Baroness, 515. Markeland, Michael, 21S. Morton, Nicholas, 4. Markham, William, 9. Morys, Richard, 1. Ledson, Peter, 5gi. Marks, Richard, 10, 150. Morysch, John, 2. Leeson, Robert, 10. Marney, Sir Henry, 86, 88. Moss, William, 11. Legge, William, 2, 3. Marshall, John, 13. Mosseley, John, 96. Leicester, Earl of, 447, 537. Martell, Dr. Lawrence, 375, 376. Mostrims, Gefrye, 592. Lely, Sir Peter, 512. Martin (Martyn), John, 7, 201, 473, 543, Mould, Anthony, 340, 341. Lenthall, Mr., 510. 59 1 - Mowle, John, 322. Lethieullier, Sir John, 556. ,, (Martyn), Thomas, 4, 7, 76, 206, Moy, Mathew, 269. LethieulHer, Sir Christopher, 556. 208, 323, 386, 390. Mudesley, Robert, 6, 316, 439, 523. „ John, 556, 557. ,, Sir John, 10, 19, 221, 558. ,, (Martyn), William, 7, 189, 193, Mullins, James, 203. iQ4, 198, 322, 324, 508. Jarvys, 592. j, Leonora, 557. MARY, QUEEN, 88. Mullyns, John, 4. ,, Letitia, 557. Marye, James, 297, 298. MumforrJ. Humphry, 304. ,, Margaret, 567. Mason, Alexander, 5, 6, 96, 316, 439, 540. Munday, Anthony, 400. „ Rachel, 567. ,, John, 6, 16, 527, 529. Murray, Mr., 512. ,, William, 557, 567. ,, Richard, 546. Murrell, Henry Edward, 16. Levelyf, John 1. Masters, Joseph, 293. Myddelton (See Middelton). Leven, Earl, of, 515. Mathew, Andrew, 322, 429, 473. Myneyard, Robert, 4- Index No/uiiiuui. 6i S Napkin, Hugh, 215. Payne, Dr. J. F., 569. Potter, Thomas, 12. Needier, Samuel, 219. Pays, Thomas, 95. Poule, Simon, 2. Neel, Richard, 529, 530. Peacock, Oliver, 322. Powell, Richard, 8, 9, 10, 136, 213, 215, Negus, Humphry, 12, 155, 163, 597, 598. „ Sir Stephen, L.M., 195. 318. ,, John, 163, 597, 598. Pearse, James, 9, 92, 500. Predey, George, 8. Nesbitt, Dr. Robert, 375, 376, 377. Pearson, Francis, 14. Presson, Edward, 303, 395. Nevell, Richard, 3, 4. Pecham, Peter de, 256. Preston, Achilles, 13. Newens, Thomas, 283. Peck, Edward, 322. Prince, Gilbert, 27. Newman, John, 8, 95. ,, John, 7, 116, 190, 194, 202, 206, Proby, Sir Peter, L.M., 532. W. L., 511. 208, 322, 327, 329, 386, 473, 476, Proby, Edmund, 534. Newsom, John, 7, 274, 591. 542, 543- ,, Dame Elizabeth, 534. Newton, William, 4. Peel, Sir Robert, 91. ,, Emanuel, 535. Nkholls, Dr., 561. Peerson, John, 4, 76. „ George, 534. ,, Sir Heneage, 534, 535. ,, Dr. Francis, 376, 377. Pegott, Philip, 96. ,, John, 11, 486. Peirce, James, 561. Henry, 534, 535. Nicoll, Anthony, M.P., 139. Peirse, William, 13. ,, Peter, 534. Nicols, Richard, 96. Pelham, Martyn, 324. ,, Sir Peter, L.M., 7, 19, 395, 396, Norfolk, Duke of, 86, 447, 579. Pemarton, Henry, 273. 404, 478. North, Sir Francis, 145. Pemberton, Sir Francis, 145. ,, Randolph, 532. Northall, James, 11. ,, Henry, 5, 95, 169. ,, Walsingham, 535." Northampton, Countess of, 566. ,, John, 215. Prujeon, Dr., 367, 370, 371, 372, 509. „ Earl of, 566. Pembroke, Earl of, 139. Prymerose, Serjeant, 326. „ Marquis of, 447. Pen, John, 525. Purchas, John, 2. Northey, Sir Edward, 150, 224. Pen, Dorothy, 526. Pym, John, 139. Norton, Robert, 303. „ Elen, 526. Queldrick, John, 1, 2. ,, Samuel, 13. „ Elizabeth, 526. Rabache, Mary, 566. Norwiche, Sir Robert, 77, 579, 586. ,, Gyles, 526. Raleigh, Sir W., 107. Nottingham, Earl of, 145, 194, 197, 198. ,, John, 5, 19, 75, 81, 83, 90, 91, 95. Ranby, John, 18, 571. Nourse, Edward, 376. ,, Robert, 525, 526. Randall, John, 11. Nurse, Dr., 372. ,, Thomas, 526. Rankyn, Henry, 6, 7, 184, 285, 590. Oades, William, 10, 149. ,, William, 527. Ratsdale, Richard, 292. Oakley, John, 4. Pengrove, Daniel, 464, 465. Raven, John, 95. ,, William, 3, 4, 69, 70. Penton, Richard, 464, 465. Rawlins, Robert, 293. Odwey, John, 591. Peny, Gyles, 526. Rawshold, Henry, 96. Ofeild, Henry, 8. Pepys, John, 12, 163. Raylens, Lawrence, 336. Ogilby, William, 349. „ Samuel, 92, 143, 373, 412, 413, Rayney, Roger, 204. Oliphe, John, 521. 499. 5oo, 552. Rayson, Samuel, 11. Oliver, Andrew, 4. Perkins, John, 9, 136, 452. Read, Dr. Alexander, 335, 366, 367. „ Dr., 350, 351. Perrine, George, 334, 540. Recherdson, Rev. — , 103. Olkar, Richard, 425. Perrott, Abraham, 275, 491, 503. Reede, Steven, 447. Orgor, Thomas, 256. Perse, William, 9, 10. Reeve, James, 16. Oseland, Mr., 471, 472. Pet, Commissioner, 373. Renex, Abraham, 327, 391. Oseyld, Henry, 273. Peterson, Robert, 591. Repton, Thomas, 305, 306. Oskyn, John, 96. Petoe, Marshall, 211, 398. Rewe, William, 5, 95. Osneye, William, 1, 402. Petrol, Gabriel, 271, Reynell, Richard, 293. Ostergis, Ralph, L.M., 68. Petty, William, 12, 155, 228. Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 511. Otherborne, William, 5, 169. Pewall, William, 3. RICHARD 11, 28, 29. Owen, Dr., 377. PHILIP II, 313. Richardson, Thomas, 592. ,, Evan, 215. PHILLIP & MARY, 100. ,, Sir Thomas, 131. Oxford, Earl of, 514. Phillipps, John, 592. Richmond, Duchess of, 512. Pace, Thomas, 269. Phillips, Mr., 275, 411. ,, John, 7. Paeon, John, 1. Philpott, John, 95. Rider, Mr., 350. Paddy, Sir William, 364, 365. Picton, Henry, 523. Riley, William, 16. Page, John, 96. Pile, Richard, 538. Ripoult, James, 354. ,, Thomas, 10. Pilkington, William, 324. Roades, George, 8, 209. Painter, Humphry, 0, iS, 215. Pinchon, John, 2, 3. ,, Richard, 210. 1 Palatine, Prince Elector, 137, 488. Pinder, John, 8, 209, 215, 369, 396. Roberts, William, 12, 13, 163. Pallet, William, 3. Pinke, John, 10, 150, 221. Robertson, John, 4, 71. Robinson, George, 3. Palmer,- Robert, 3. Pinsent, Mr., 350. Papps, John, 14. Pitcher, James Henry, 16, 17. ,, John, 6, 96. Papworth, John, 3. Pitts, George, 473. ,, Steven, 317. Paradice, John, 319, 427, 591. Plackett, Hewe, 319. ,, Thomas, 263. Paris, Humphry, 6. ,, Samuel, 13.' ,, William, 15. Parke, Edward, 184, 187, 273, 282, 316, Pleahill, William, 10, 149. Robson, John, 493. 317, 425, 426. Plumtiee, Dr. Henry, 374. Rochford, Lord, 86. Parker, Edward, 13. Pole, Mr., 282. Rockingham, Marquess of, 534. ,, John, 2. Pollexfen, Mr., 411. Rodergo, Leonardo, 313. ,, Lord Chief Justice, 417. Pollet, William, 3. Rodes, Edward, 7, 116, 204, 206, 3S1, ,, William, 11, 155, 163, 228, 597, 598. Pope, Pierce, 2. 386, 390, 473. Parkins, Thomas, 3. Popham, Sir John, 116, 121. ,, Raphe, 591. Parsons, Ralph, 272. Porter, John, 2, 3, 566. Rogers, John, 13. Partridge, Martin, 270. „ Peter, 7, 8. ,, Lawrence, 3. Pasck, Alice, 555. Portland, Earl of, 131. ,, Lewis, 7, 531. „ John, D.D., 555- Postle, Robert, 5, 95, 169, 170, 177. ,, Richard, 303. Paterson, John, 13, 164, 165, 231, 289, Potter, Edward, 4, 5. Rogiers, Richard, 96. 296, 297, 511. ,, James, 13. Rolf, Simon, 2, 41. Patten, Henry, 15. 11 John, 5, 95. Rollesley, Edward, 96. Patterson, Henry 1 9& „ Philip, 3. Rooke, Roger, 2. 6i6 Index Nomiiiimi. Roote, John, 2. Shirlock, Mr. 493. Stocdale, Robert, 95. Rosse, Thomas. 515. Shoppee, Charles John. 16, 135, 144, Stock, William, 13. Rossington, Henry, 10. 43i» 5°7- Stockdale, Thomas, 5, 99, 169, 170. Rous, Mary, 553. Shott, John, 11, 228. Stocks, John, 527. Rowdon, Francis, 289, 290, 291, 292, 323, Shrene, John, 95. Stone, Edward, 16. 382. Shryffe, John, 170, 591. Storer, Mr., 189. Rowe, Peter, 558. Simpson, Nicholas, 5, 19, 82, 89, 95. Storye, Richard, 318, 591. Rowland, Alexander, 15, 16, 237. Simpson, Robert, 5. Stower, Mr., 383. Stranguishe, Henry, 591. ,, Humphrey, 188. Sipnam, William, 61. Rowley, Raphe, 321. Sisson, Thomas, 564. Struge, John, 2, 432. Rowney, Thomas, 14. Sisterton, Dr., 375. Studdis, Robert, 3. Ruff, Edward, 16. Skair, Thomas, 523. Studesburie, John, 591. Ruffiniac, Dr. Guy, 376. Skelton, Eustace, 326. Stutfeyld, Edward, 325. Russell, George, 13. „ William; 358. Succa, John Baptista, 332. „ John, 324. Skinner, Ephraim, 558. Suddenham, Richard, 3. Ruston, William, 17, 504. Skinner, Ann, 559. Surbut, John, 96, 281. Rutland, Earl of, 515. ,, John, 5. ,, Thomas, 5, 95. Rutter, Samuel, 12, 163, 232, 597, 598. „ Ephraim, 487, 513, 555. Suthwerk, John de, 25. Rutty, Dr. William, 374, 375. Skipper, Peter, 14, 484. Sutton, Thomas, 5, 95. Ry craft, Francis, 473. Skynner, Roger, 96. Swaine, William, 6. Ryggewyk, William, 2. Slade, William, 13, 314, 511. Swain^ton, John, 16. Ryley, William, 128. Slee, John, 14. Swaldell, Christopher, 6, 7, 107 , 184, 590, Rymmer, William, 9. Slight, Alexander, 3. 592. 593- Sadler, George, 15. St. George, Sir William, 401. Small, Mr., 349. Swan, Charles, 14. Smarthwaite, John, 6, 96, 102. Swayne, Robert, 324. ,, Henry, 441. Smedley, Ann, 563. Swedenham, Richard, 68. Sainthill, Mr., 155. Smith, Edward Grose, 15, 235, 298. Swift, Dean, 564. Salaman, Nathan, 17. ,, Henley, 16, 298. Swithin, Richard, 12, 163, 597 598. Salisbury, Dr. Douglas, Bp. of, 570. ,, Henley Grose, 298. Syddon, William, 292. Sallis, Henry, 16. „ Henry, 447, 590. Sygans, Richard, 527. ,, William, 15. ,, John, 5, 169, 303, 591. Symmonds, Joshua, 376. Salmond, Christopher, 5, 83, 92, 95, 96. ,, Dr. John, 69, 70. Symonds, Thomas, 10. Samborne, Richard, 274. ,, Katherine, 538. Symons, Thomas, 271. Sambroke, Davy, 95. ,, Peter, 305, 344, 411, 412, 413, 414. Sympson, William, 591. Sambrook, Daniel, 5. ,, Richard, 591. Symsyn, William, 96. Sambrooke, Elizabeth, 560. ,, Sir Thomas, 125. Syward, John, 257. ,, Sir Jeremy, 560. ,, William, 11, 225, 226, 307. Tatham, John, 552. „ Samuel, 215, 560. Smyth, Neste, 326. Tavernor, William, 272. Sandale, Sir John de, 26. Smythe, John, 5, 95, 170, 312. Tayler, John, 4, 68. Sanderson, Robert, 10. „ Richard, 96. ,, Richard, 4, 5, 95. Sandford, Bryan, 65, 161. ,, William, 95. Taylour, William, 378, 529. ,, Joseph, 12. Snadenham, Richard, 2. Terne, Dr. Christopher, 373. Saule, James, 592. Snelling, Francis, 16. Terrill, Robert, 215. Saunders, Edward, 317. Soare, Francis, 337. Terry, Elizabeth, 574. ,, John, 3. ,, Edward, 406. Tettisbury, Baldwin, 41. Saunderson, Richard, 591. Sommers, John, 4. Theobald, James, 12, 163, 233. Sawyer, Sir Robert, 145. Sotherton, John, 9. ,, Peter, 12, 163. Sax, John Jacob, 354. Southcott, John, 521. Thickness, Ralph, 9. Sax ton, Peter, 273. Southnam, Richard, 3. Tholmwood, John, 95, 170. Say and Seale, Lord, 139. Spackman, Anthony, 591. ,, Richard, 5, 6, 95, 186. Scarborough, Sir Charles, 372, 407, 487, Speight, James, 14. ,, Thomas, 384. 510, 512. Spencer, Nicholas, 528. Thompson, Robert, 322. Scarlett, Sir James, 467. ; , William, 95. ,, Thomas, 14. ,, Robert, 3, 4. Spicer, Dr., 341. Thomlyn, William, 178. Scawin, Mr., 141. Springet, John, 3. Thorn, Warman, 15. Scoloker, Elizabeth, 192. Sprignall, Richard, 6, 7, 192, 543, 590. Thornbury, John, 61. SCOTS, Mary Queen of, 514. ,, Robert, 5, 95, 169, 493. ,, Richard, 61. Scott, James, 3, 4, 13, 68. Spurling, John, 350. Walter, 61. ,, Robert, 3. Squior, Edward, 272. Thornebury, Richard, 8, 248. Scripe, Roger, 2, 3. Stagg, William, 13. Thorney, Peter, 539. Scroggs, Sir William, 411. Stambrooke, John, 10. Thornev, Thomas, 538. Scrooby, Robert, 12, 163, 597, 598. Stamford, Charles, 9, 215, 343, 574. Thorney, Ann, 540. Scultinge, Cezar, 326. ,, Elizabeth, 574. ,, Annie, 539. Sedgwick, George, 591. Stanbridge, Thomas, 96. ,, Elizabeth, 540. ,, Tobias, 9. Standon, John, 6, 439. „ Peter, 209, 334,493, 538, 539- Selborne, Lord, 445. Stanton, John, 3. ,, Thomas, 7, 193, 194, 206, 286, Selbye, Richard, 316. Staple, John, 364, 425. 322, 324, 329, 334, 473,- 493, 539, Sermont, Richard, 4, 95. Staynton, Thomas, 95. 54°, 544, 59 1 - ,, Walter, 538. Sewell, William, 96. Stek, Ralph, 95. SEYMOUR, Queen Jane, 87. Stere, John, 96. Thorold, Edmund, 10. Shakespear, William, 233. Stevenson, George, 417. Thorpe, Mr., 372. Sharpe, Rev. — , 218. Steward, Robert, 322, 428. Thrift, John, 358, 421. Sheene, Roger, 4. Stewart, Sir William, L.M., 562, Thwaites, Edward, 564. Sheeres, Thomas, 326. Stewart, Daniel, 15. Tillett, William, 12, 13. Shepey, John, 1. ,, Neil, 159. Tilley {See Tylley). Sherborn, William, 5, 95. „ Sir William, L.M., 19. Tomlinson, Thomas, 215, 219. Shiplake, William, 2. „ Dr. 374. Tompkins, Richard, 217. Shireff, John, 528. Stimson, Thomas, 14. Toms, Christopher, 11. Index Nomimiin. 6ij Toinpson (Tomson), James, 5, 95- Wanlon, Thomas, 377. Wilson, Richard, 302. i) ii John, 95. Ward (Warde), Hugh, 212, 21s. ,, Robert, 527. Tottye, Henry, 591. ,, John, 8, 134. „ Thomas, 05. Tounnyage, John, 3. Sir John, L.M., 565. Wilt, John, 14. Trengye, Galfridus de, 256. Ward and Tumor, 591. Winch, Humphry, 547. Tresswell, Mr., 400, 404. Waren, Thomas, 543. Winchester, Walter, Bishop of, 257- Trevellion, Thomas, 8, 2j | Warhani] Archbishop, 87. Window, Charles, 306, 417, 421 Trevor, Sir John, 150. Warren, John, 6, 96, 101. Windsor, Lord, 515. Trewise, William, 95. Thomas, 7, 95, 282, 283, 591. Windsor, Sir Andrew, 86. Trottman, Secondary, 408. Warwick, Earl of, 533. ,, Lady, 200, 515. Truelove, John, 12, 155, 163, 463* 597. ,, John, 2. ,, Lord, 367, 452. 598. Waterford, Robert, 5,95, 169. Windsor-Hickman, Thomas, 51 5- Tuke, Brian, 86, 87. Waterhouse, Edward, 8. Wisdom, Dr. G-, ^24. Turner, Cressens, 292. Wateson, Henry 8, 136, 452, 509. Wise ( Wyse), William, 316, 318, 427, 590. ,, Daniel, 349. ,, Richard, 8, 136, 139, 140, 141. Wiseman, Richard, 0, 18. ,, Richard, 292, 293, 52s 215, 367. 452. Wisto (Sec WystoJ. „ Thomas, 9, 136, 452, 527, 52S. Watson, Thomas, 324. Wiston, Richard, 177. Twinch, William, 15. ,, William, 9, 215, 342, 343. Withers, Laurence, 521. Twynne, Thomas, 4, 5, 95. Watkins, William, u, 306, 307. Wolcock, Anthony, 591. Tybbald, John, 591. Watts, Dr., 376. Wollaston, Sir John, 405. Tylley, Henry. 4- „ John, 12. Wolsey, Cardinal, 86, 87. „ William, 5, 83, 92, 169 170. Wayte, Thomas, 7, 591. Wood, James, 5, 6, 96, 101, 308 424. Tymber, John, 95. Waystbe, John, 2. Joseph, 12. Tymes, Arnold, 176. Webb, Roger, 2. Richard, 6, 7, 192, 194, 201, 206, Tyrell, Edmond, 95. Welfed, William, 96. 322, 324, 329, 387, 388, 543 . 59* • Tyson, Dr. E., 345, 373, 419, 487, 511. Wells, John, 307. ,, Richard, jun., 274. Udall, John, 265, 391, 473. ,, Joseph, 14, 307. ,, Robert, 286, 591. Ude, Richard, 4. ,, Thomas, 315. ,, Thomas William, 16. Upton, Richard, 6, 426. Wellys, Richard, 2, 41. ,, William, 298, 504. Urle, John, 2. Wench, Thomas, 5. Woodall, John, 8, 136, 334, 336 367. Urse, John, 2. Wengrave, John de, 24. ,, Thomas, 372. Vale, William, 15. Went, Richard, 4. Woodde, Mr. Justice, 3S3. „ William, jun., 15. Wenyard, George, 96. Woodfall, William, 425. Vanderlatch, Bartholomew, 33 , 494, 495. West, John, 6, 96, 170, 177, 424. Woodhouse, William, 2. Vandyke, Sir A., 512. W -.->t brook e, Robert, 9. Woodward, Mr., 345. Van Otten, James, 324, 325. Western, Abraham, 16. ,, Edward, 11, 12. Vaughan, George, 6, 96, 185, 188, 440, Weston, Lawrence de, 1, 27, 35, 36. ,, John, 4, 37S. 495. 5'9. 523- ,, Margaret de, 27. Woollet, Richard^ 345. Veare, Thomas, 7, 206, 305, 41 3- Wetyngton, William, 95. Woolley, Benjamin, 16, 17. Venar, Richard, 314, 523. Wevir, Robert, 96. Worcester, Earl of, 515. Veriar, George, 13. Weymouth, Lord, 563. Worrall, Daniel, 372. Vicarv, Thomas, 522. Wharton, Thomas, 15. Worseley, Thomas, 95. Vicary, Thomas, 4, 5, 6, 18, 80, 81, 82, Wheatley, Andrew, 8, 274, 393. ,, Richard, 96. 88, 95, 101, 169, 312 3*3* 492, Wheeler, John, 12, 295. Worton, Thomas, 16. 493. 520, 523. „ Joseph, 159, 164, 295, 296, 359, Worts, John, 10. ,, Stephen, 523. 360. Wotton, Henry, 96. ,, William, 522, ■ Wheelis, Henry, 271. Wottone, Nicholas, L.M., 41. Villiers, Edward, 555. Whetelye, John, 591. Wright, Dr., 370. Vivian, Thomas, 96. Whiston (Bookseller), 231, 232, 419. ,, Serjeant, 149. Wadsworth, Dr. Thomas, 373, 374- White, Clement, 328. ,, Thomas, 213. Wagstaflfe, Dr. William, 374, ; 7?- William D., 16. ,, William, 196, 199, 329, 330. 394- Waite, Henry, 15. Whitebred, William, 3. Wyborde, Nicholas, 315. ,, John, 16. Wainwright, Richard, 1 ^. Whitehead, George, 15. Wye, William, 591. Whitgift, Archbishop, 332. Wyfold, Nicholas, L.M., 44. Wakeley, John, 2. Whiting, George, 16. Wyght, Charles, 5, 95. Walch, Edward, 3- ,, John, 12, 163. Wylde, Sir William, 410. Walderne, Sir William, L.M., 42. 43- Whittingham, Thomas, 5, 6, 96, 101. Wyllet, John, 282, 283. Wale, John, 2. Whyctmore, Nicholas, 282. Wyndesore, John de, 256. Wales, Henry, Prince of, 123, 515- Whyte, Charles, 377. Wyndet, John, 429. Waleys, Thomas, 432. Wichells, Henry, 13. Wynton, John de, 27. Walgrave, John, 332. Wilbraham, Mr., in, 325, 385. ,, Agnes de, 27. Walker, Sir Edward, <^4. Wilding, John, 13. ,, Alice de, 27. „ William, 8. Wilkin, Walter Henry, 572. ,, Joan de, 27. Wall, James, 10, 150. Wilkin, David, 572. Wysdome, John, 528. „ _ John, 425. ,, Walter Henry, 17, 19, 507. Wysto, Richard, 6, 185, 426. Wallis, Thomas, 2, 3. Wilkinson, John, 2. Yates, John, 6, 187, 316. Wallop, Sir Henry, 538. WILLIAM III, 516. Venson, William, 95. Walpole, Sir Robert, 419. Willot, Thomas, 2, 3, 432. York, Duke of, 409, 500. Walsall, James, 215. Wills, fonas, 305, 344, 414- ,, Nicholas, Archbishop of, 101. Walsh, Edmund, 3. Wilmott. Dr. E., 375. Young, Austin Travers, 94. Waltham, Hugh de, 25. Wilson, Frederick, 16. ,, Henry'. 95- Walton, Christopher, 473. ,, Henry, 271. ,, John, 5, 95, 169. ,, Thomas, 3. John, 3, 68. ,, Reginald, 3. ,, William, 6, 96. Joseph, 17. ,, Robert, 275. Walwyn, Robert, 591. Olyver. 96. 176, 289. Sidney, 432. 314 4 k LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS LARGE PAPER COPIES. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. The Corporation of London. The Worshipful Company of Barbers of London. The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. George Austin, '•'■Prospect Hall" Wood- ford. Thomas James Barratt, 71, Neiv Oxford Street, W. R. C. Adams Beck, Ironmongers'' Hall, B.C. Arthur Bird, 6, Bedford Row, IV.C. Sir William Bowman, Bart., F.R.S., 5, Clifford Street, W. George Harry Broadbent, M.R.C.S., 8, Ardwick Green, Manchester. William Blum field Brown, New South- gate. Arthur Giraud Browning, F.S.A., 16, Victoria Street, S. W. Joseph Carpenter, " Ashleigh," West Hill Road, Wandsworth, S. IV. F. W. Cosens, 7, Melbury Road, Ken- sington, W John Cox, Maflesden, Beckenham, S.E. Frederick Arthur Crisp, Grove Park, Denmark Hill, S.E. 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