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 The 
 
 Alaska -Yukon -Pacific 
 Exposition 
 
 SEATTLE 
 
 JUNE 1- OCTOBER 16, 1909 
 
 ISSUED BY THE 
 General Passenger Department 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 
 •' ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
 >H_
 
 Seattle front Elliot Bay On Capital Hill Second Avenue 
 
 SCENES IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
 
 7 //(- Aiitlitoniiii! , one of iJic finest of the permanent, fire-proof structures 
 
 THE 
 
 Alaska -Tuhon-Pacific Exposition 
 
 JUNE 1 to OCTOBER 16, 1909 
 
 HE United States has been extremely fortunate 
 in its purchases of foreign territory. The total 
 cost of these annexations — exclusive of the Phil- 
 ippines — according to Hermann, is $52,000,000. 
 Of these the Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, cost 
 us $15,000,000, or a little less than 3 cents an 
 acre; the Mexican Purchase, in 1848 and 1853, 
 cost $15,000,000 also, or a little more than 4 
 cents an acre; the Alaskan Purchase, in 1867, 
 called for $7,200,000, or a trifle under 2 cents an acre. 
 
 To most of these additions to our national domain there has 
 been violent opposition. This was particularly so as regards Louis- 
 iana and Alaska. The lesson learned in connection with the former 
 transaction, of the tremendous advantages gained by the purchase, 
 seems to have had little effect upon us whenever any fresh annexation 
 has been suggested. 
 
 The purchase of Russian America, as Alaska was known when 
 we took it over, was most strongly opposed, and by many the $7,200,- 
 000 we paid for it was looked upon as so much gold worse than 
 thrown away. William H. Seward, the Secretary of State, who 
 negotiated the purchase, which, by the way, was no new project,
 
 was unmercifully denounced for it. Our real 
 knowledge of the region was indeed limited, and ^ "Vj^. f^ 
 it is not surprising that the land was generally ^^ 3|U^j 
 looked upon as one of icebergs, snow, and 
 impassable mountains only. Long ago, 
 however, we learned that Seward did a 
 splendid thing for us and with a full reali- 
 zation of it. 
 
 Alaska contains nearly s^x hundred 
 thousand square miles, or more than three W/ 
 
 hundred and seventy-five million acres. 
 For the last two years it has produced an- 
 nually, of gold alone, about $22,000,000, IVtn. H. Seward 
 or, yearly, more than three times the amount of its purchase 
 price of the very medium which we gave in exchange for it. Besides 
 gold, Alaska produced in 1907, more than $1,000,000 in copper, 
 $100,000 of silver, and $10,000,000 of canned salmon. It is stated 
 that in the forty years that we have owned the region, Alaska has 
 produced of 
 
 Gold $125,000,000 
 
 Furs 80,000,000 
 
 Fish 96,000,000 
 
 Total $301 ,000 ,000 
 
 It was, therefore, a very happy conceit, just at this time when 
 the territory is entering upon a career of prosperity to which the 
 past, great as it appears, will probably bear no comparison, that 
 the North Pacific Coast people should hold an exposition at Seattle 
 to exploit their wonderful country, and that Alaska and the Yukon 
 region should be so prominenth' identified with it. It was verv 
 appropriate, too, that this project should have its inception, and 
 this exposition be held, on Puget Sound, for the cities and people of 
 the Sound are the nearest neighbors and have been the most 
 intimately connected with the development of Alaska. 
 
 With their usual cosmopolitanism, the Seattle and North Coast 
 people determined to adopt broad measures in their exposition. 
 While practically touching elbows with Alaska and the Yukon terri- 
 torially, and being most closely connected socially and commercially, 
 the projectors of the enterprise recognized that Alaska belonged to 
 the whole countr3^ It was also thought that in such an exposition, 
 the second outside of state lines to be held on the Pacific Coast, the 
 important and inci-easing commerce that has grown up between this 
 
 4
 
 country and Canada, Japan, China, the Hawaiian Islands, AustraHa, 
 etc., should be considered and theref(jre that the affair should be an 
 international one within certain limits. This idea has been carried 
 out. The United States Government and many of the states and 
 cities will be represented by buildings or exhibits or both. Foreign 
 participation will be confined to those countries bordering on the 
 Pacific Ocean and those which have territorial possessions on that 
 ocean. The latter category includes Great Britain, Russia, France, 
 the Netherlands, and Germany. In this way the exposition will be 
 large enough to bring together and within reasonable compass a 
 valuable and interesting series of exhibits without its being so large as 
 to be cumbersome and dismaying to the visitor. This feature was 
 one of the strongest and most appreciated points in connection with 
 the Lewis and Clark Exposition at Portland, Ore., in 1905, one of the 
 most perfect and successful expositions, from every standpoint, that 
 has been held in this country. 
 
 To crystallize within a few words the purposes of the Alaska- 
 Yukon-Pacific Exposition, the official statement itself is quoted : 
 
 FIRST: To exploit the resources ami poieiitialities 
 of the Alaska and Yukon territories in the United States 
 and the Dominion of Canada. 
 
 SECOND: To make known and foster the vast im- 
 portance of the trade of the Pacific Ocean and of the 
 countries bordering thereon. 
 
 THIRD: To demonstrate the marvelous progress of 
 Western America, ivhere, within a radius of 1,000 miles 
 of Seattle, y, ^00, 000 persons live who are directly interested 
 in making the exposition the true exponent of their material 
 wealth and development. 
 
 Oregon Building, Exposilioti Grounds, Seattle
 
 Looking across the formal gardens at the Er.ru pcaii l^iiiUing in tJic center, 
 the Manufactures Building on the right, Hawaiian Buildmg on the left 
 
 The exposition will open June i, and close October i6, 1909. 
 
 Most of our expositions have been founded upon some historical 
 fact valuable and interesting in itself and well worthy of being thus 
 honored and popularly perpetuated. 
 
 The Centennial Exposition in 1876, the mother of expositions in 
 this country, commemorated our Declaration of Independence; the 
 Chicago World's Fair, the discovery of America by Columbus; the 
 St. Louis Exposition, the purchase of the Louisiana territory in 1803; 
 the Lewis and Clark Exposition at Portland, that of our first great 
 exploration across the continent, 1804-06, and its important conse- 
 cjuences; the Jamestown Exposition, the settlement at Jamestown, 
 Va., in 1607. 
 
 The Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition is based upon no historical 
 incident. It is simply and frankly a broad, commercial proposition, 
 but it will be just as full and complete, just as educative and valuable 
 and satisfying as if it commemorated the most profoundly impressive 
 event in our national history. 
 
 6
 
 MIB..^ ■[' ^IT^t ill ... 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 
 TVVfg/;; Park, Tacoma 
 
 What The Exposition Stands For 
 
 O understand and appreciate an individual or a 
 country one must know something of his or its 
 history. The story of the discovery, explora- 
 tion, and development of the Northwest is an 
 alluring one. It dates from about the middle 
 of the sixteenth centur}^ and is full of dramatic 
 incident and heroic action. The entire world 
 was interested in the early exploration of the 
 Northwest, many of the nations took part in 
 it, and it is therefore peculiarly fitting that many nations should be 
 represented at this exposition. 
 
 The world-wide interest in the region grew out of the persistent 
 efforts to find a "northwest passage" to Asia. It was a long time 
 before the early navigators and their patrons became convinced that 
 in cherishing the idea of a northwestern strait between the Atlantic 
 and Pacific Oceans they were hugging a delusion. 
 
 The early explorers of the northwest coast came from Spain, 
 England, Russia, and the United States. Among many illustrious 
 names we find those of Cabrillo, Viscaino, Perez, Heceta, and Bodega, 
 Spaniards; Sir Francis Drake, Captain Cook, and Vancouver, 
 Englishmen; Bering, a Dane in the service of the Russians; and 
 captains Gray and Kendrick, Americans. Another name is 
 found that has occasioned much discussion as to whether the man 
 who bore it was an impostor or not. This name was Juan de Fuca, 
 a Greek mariner whose real name was Apostolos Valerianos, and 
 who claimed to have entered what was called the Strait of Anian, 
 in 1592. The better authorities seem inclined to credit Fuca's tale, 
 and, at any rate, Meares of the English navy in 1788 sailed into the 
 strait, to which he gave the name of Juan de Fuca, settled for all time 
 
 7
 
 the identity of that body of water, the existence of which had been 
 denied, and properly honored the old Greek mariner. The strait of 
 Anian, now Fuca, was for a long time supposed to be the much- 
 sought northwest passage. 
 
 The Strait of Fuca is now a part of the boundary between the 
 United States and British Columbia, and is the great arm of the sea 
 connecting the waters of Puget Sound with the ocean. Indeed, it is 
 quite certain that originally the name of the strait really covered the 
 entire body of water, or nearly so, now popularly known as Puget 
 Sound 
 
 The student of Northwestern history and the traveler will note 
 the rather confusing mixture of nationalities prevalent in geographic 
 names in the Puget Sound and Oregon region. This is due to the 
 fact that the Spanish, English, and Americans were, at one period, 
 engaged, practicall3% in synchronous exploration. As a result names 
 of these various nationalities appear in close proximity in many cases, 
 thus evidencing a century later the tremendous, though for the 
 most part, apparently good-natured rivalry that actuated the hardy 
 mariner-explorers of that day. 
 
 Soon after 1792 the Spaniards disappeared from the scene, but 
 the English captain, Vancouver, with his ships the Discovery, Chat- 
 ham, and Dicdalus, proceeded to complete a survey of the region 
 that stands today a monument to his thoroughness and ability. 
 Vancouver's Island on the north side of the Strait of Fuca, was 
 named after him, and it was a just recognition of his zeal and labors. 
 
 Vancouver just missed being the discoverer of the Columbia 
 River, and had he been, that fact would probably have placed our 
 
 Paradise Park, near Tacoma
 
 Looking down on the Court of Honor from the Dome of ti.e 
 Central 'Government Building 
 
 northern boundary along that river instead of the Strait of Fuca 
 and the 49th parallel, and Tacoma, Seattle, and much of the State of 
 Washington would not be American territory. 
 
 Puget Sound, or Puget's Sound, as Vancouver named it, after 
 one of his lieutenants, was applied only to that part of this inland 
 sea extending westward from the bend near Tacoma, to and beyond 
 Olympia. North of this elbow and reaching to the Strait of Fuca the 
 waters were called by Vancouver, Admiralty Inlet. Mount Rainier 
 was named by Vancouver after Rear Admiral Rainier; Mount Baker, 
 after Lieutenant Baker of his expedition, who first sighted it; Whid- 
 bey's Island after another of his lieutenants; Hood's Canal, in honor 
 of Lord Hood; Port Towns(h)end, "in honor of the noble marquis 
 of that name;" Vashon's Island, after Captain Vashon of the navy; 
 Mount Saint Helens, just north of Portland, for Lord St. Helens; 
 Mount Hood, east of Portland, for Lord Hood again, thus doubly 
 honoring him. These are a few of many points, islands, harbors, etc., 
 that will keep Vancouver's name green. The Gulf of Georgia, 
 Bellingham's Bay, Gray's Bay, Cape Orford, Port Discovery, Posses- 
 sion Sound, at various points on the Sound and coast, were also 
 named by him. 
 
 The sound is a most beautiful sheet of water enclosed by high 
 snow-capped and forest-clad mountains at whose bases lie fertile
 
 lands and thriving cities. It is a region full of opportunity for the 
 sportsman, the business man, the health and pleasure seeker, the 
 home builder. Its climatic and educational advantages are unsur- 
 passed. 
 
 With the advent of captains Kendrick and Gray, representing 
 a company of Boston merchants, on the coast in 1788, came the 
 re-discovery and, practically, of course, the real discovery of the 
 Columbia River, in 1792. This was the entering wedge in an inter- 
 national diplomatic quarrel between England and the United States 
 that came perilously near to an actual war, which was only averted 
 because of our crass ignorance regarding the country. The entering 
 wedge was driven in stronger by Lewis and Clark's exploration to 
 the mouth of the Columbia, and another blow that sent it deeper still 
 was Astor's founding of Astoria. The two countries in interest were 
 kept in an acute state of turmoil by the "Oregon Question" for half a 
 century, while all the world looked on and wondered what the end 
 would be. 
 
 One further fact is of great interest. The emigration question 
 finally became a determining factor in the possession of old Oregon, 
 as it is, to-day, perhaps, the most important one in its growth and 
 prosperity. 
 
 The establishment of missions in the '30s by the Methodists on 
 the Willamette and Columbia rivers, and by the Presbyterians on 
 the Walla Walla and Clearwater rivers and north of the Spokane 
 River, brought in their wake a gradually increasing emigration 
 from the states. This culminated, in 1843, in the establishment of 
 a provisional government for the Oregon country by the Americans, 
 and the immigration of a large body of American settlers. 
 
 Prior to the purchase of Alaska by the United States, little was 
 known of it, and no serious attempts at its development had been 
 made. The Russian -American Fur Company, which held a monopoly 
 of all trade, from the Russian government, systematically prevented 
 all efforts to explore and exploit the region. Its rule finally became 
 so barbarous and inhuman that when its charter expired in 1862, 
 renewal of its franchise was refused. 
 
 While for a number of years after the region became United 
 States territory little was done in the line of progress, nevertheless it 
 is a fact that the exploitation and development of the country has 
 been carried on since it became an American possession.
 
 Standing squarely upon the historical aspect alone, there is 
 every reason why the country in general should welcome an oppor- 
 tunity such as the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition gives, to show 
 that they appreciate the worth and traditions of that picturesque 
 corner of America, the "old Oregon" of Benton and Webster and 
 the Alaska of Seward and Sumner, rejoice in its prosperity, and are 
 proud of its achievements. 
 
 With such a history as is here outlined, with a country which 
 scenically is away beyond adequate description, and which possesses 
 the most varied and valuable elements of national wealth and great- 
 ness in its forests, fisheries, soil, minerals, harbors, rivers, and water 
 power, with a population intelligent, moral, and progressive, living 
 in cities that show refined architecture and twentieth century ideals 
 and on farms that teach a new and better and more intensive agri- 
 culture and horticulture, the people of "old Oregon," Alaska, and 
 the Yukon will have no apology to make for this, the latest exposition, 
 either upon the day it is first thrown open for inspection, or upon 
 the departure of the last lingering guest. 
 
 In the Pnyallnp Valley, Washington
 
 Docks and Warehouses, Tacoma, 
 
 A Progressive Country 
 
 T the time of the completion of the Northern 
 Pacific Railway to the coast, the development 
 of this vast region had scarcely begun. Port- 
 land had a population of about 30,000, Tacoma 
 4,000, and Seattle 7,000. From the time, 1883, 
 that the railway opened the north coast to 
 easy emigration, the growth and progress has 
 been phenomenal and the people have poured 
 in from all parts of our common country. The 
 combined population of these three cities at the beginning of 1908 
 was in excess of 500,000, and Spokane in Eastern Washington, which 
 has sprung from almost nothing since the advent of the railway, 
 boasts a rapidly -growing population of about 100,000. In 1890 the 
 population of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho was less than 
 750,000; to-day a conservative estimate will add not less than 
 1,000,000 to that figure. These people have come from all parts 
 of the United States; their family relatio'iships and connections, 
 without doubt, literally extend to every state in the Union, and 
 those "mystic chords of memory" to which Lincoln so beautifully 
 referred in his first inaugural, hold them still in bonds of affection 
 to the old New England hillsides, the sunny homes in the South- 
 land, and the firesides of the Middle West. 
 
 The port of Puget Sound comprises the State of Washington. 
 For 1907 the imports for this district equalled, in round numbers, 
 $25,350,000, and the exports $43,300,000. Of the imports copper 
 in various forms exceeded $4,000,000 and silk $14,500,000, in value. 
 Of exports wheat and flour amounted to $15,000,000; cotton in 
 raw and cloth form, nearly $11,000,000, manufactured iron and 
 steel $3,500,000, lumber $4,000,000.
 
 A recent newspaper article states that the wheat harvest for 
 1908 in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon amounted to 60,000,000 
 bushels, requiring the harvesting services of 60,000 men. The 
 value of the crop was about $50,000,000 and the 60,000 men received 
 $6,000,000 in wages. In harvesting the crop 2,250 combined har- 
 vesting machines were used. These were variously operated by 
 horse, steam, and gasoline power. 
 
 Seattle and Tacoma, the two principal cities of the Puget Sound 
 region, have invested in manufacturing establishments $48,000,000. 
 These establishments employ 32,000 wage earners, and the annual 
 pay-roll equals $27,000,000. 
 
 Tacoma boasts a very fine high school — one of the finest in the 
 West — that cost $500,000, and several denominational educational 
 institutions. Seattle has the State university, and the two cities 
 together have more than three hundred church organizations. 
 
 What is true of these two cities is true of all the North Coast 
 towns and cities. Materially, educationally, religiously, the region 
 is prospering. While push, snap, energy, and business thrift are 
 characteristic of this people, they do not subordinate the higher 
 and better ideals of life to the sordid and grosser things of the world. 
 Their noble mountains, almost tinged with divinity, and other gems 
 of earthly grandeur, mutely protestant, would surely hold them, if 
 needs be, true to life's great compass of the Golden Rule. 
 
 Important streams flow- 
 ing into Puget Sound fresh 
 from the mountains round 
 about, are the Lummi, Skagit, 
 Snohomish, Dwamish, Puy- 
 allup, Nisqually, Des Chutes 
 and Skokomish. 
 
 The valleys of these and 
 their tributary streams are 
 very rich, have a fine water 
 power but partially developed, 
 and afford great opportunities 
 for fruit, grain and dairy 
 farming and lumbering. Good 
 markets are at hand and a 
 good quality of coal for fuel 
 
 is found in the Cascade Moun- 
 
 Road through a Washington Forest tains. 
 
 13
 
 The Manufactures Building. Geyser Basin in the foreground 
 
 The Exposition 
 
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 N carrying forward the work, one fact has been 
 borne prominently in mind — to have the Ex- 
 position in all its details ready on the opening 
 day, June i, 1909. So successfully have the 
 plans worked out, that this aim is certain of ac- 
 complishment. This fact, with one other, will 
 serve to distinguish this from other expositions. 
 The second feature is that, contrary to the ex- 
 perience of most if not all previous exposi- 
 tions, several of the buildings will be of a substantial and permanent 
 character, for the subsequent use of the Washington State University. 
 The time — June to October — for holding the exposition is the 
 most glorious of the year in the North Coast Country. The average 
 high temperature in July is 74 degrees, in August 70 degrees. With 
 the many fine trips by water and land available, one is enabled to 
 almost live out of doors, entirely, while visiting Seattle, if so minded. 
 Agriculture is to play a big part in the general scheme at the 
 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Of the two largest exhibit 
 palaces, one will be devoted exclusively to agriculture, and it may be 
 found necessary to erect an annex. 
 
 More than this, every state, and every county of Washington 
 that exhibits in a separate building will give to agriculture the 
 leading place. The United States Government's exhibit will be of 
 particular interest to the farmer and stockman. Irrigation and 
 forestry exhibits will be made in the main Government building, 
 while many private exhibits by irrigation companies will be made. 
 
 14
 
 There will be an extensive outdoor display, with a model 
 farm and a model irrigated tract. Live stock, poultry, and farm 
 machinery are to be given separate displays, and the prizes in the 
 live stock and poultry divisions will be large and valuable. ' 
 
 The comprehensive display of the United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture will be of the most practical benefit to every 
 farmer, stockman, horticulturist, poultryman, and dairyman; and 
 models, transparencies, slides, photographs, etc., will be used in 
 illustration. 
 
 Public roads will receive proper attention and the exhibits 
 will contain photographs, transparencies, specimens of road- 
 making material, the latest machines for testing same, a work- 
 ing model showing the various stages of road construction, with 
 working models of road machinery, etc. Illustrated lectures will 
 be given. 
 
 The Bureau of Entomology will display a series of enlarged 
 models and a large line of, specimens of insects, both beneficial and 
 injurious to forage and cereal crops, fruits, and forest trees. 
 
 Forestry will have a separate exhibit. Colored and uncolored 
 transparencies and photographs illustrating the work of the Forest 
 Service; charts, maps, models, and illustrated lectures explaining 
 the principles and application of practical forestry in the formation, 
 management, and preservation of planted and natural forests will 
 be shown and given, and the weather bureau and experimental sta- 
 tion's work will receive special attention. 
 
 The Snow-Covered Olympics Are in Plain View 
 15
 
 Harbor, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 The Grounds 
 
 HE grounds where the exposition will be held are 
 a portion of the campus of the Washington 
 State University. The exposition grounds are 
 250 acres in extent and but twenty minutes' 
 ride from the business section of the city. Scen- 
 ically, no finer grounds were, probably, ever 
 used for such a purpose Set between two 
 beautiful fresh-water lakes Washington and 
 Union, the grounds present unsurpassed stretches 
 of water front, and tall, stately giants of the forest, entrancing 
 vistas, gentle slopes, and commanding terraces add to the beauty 
 of the picture. 
 
 The principal thoroughfare, Rainier Avenue, is in a direct line 
 with that grand, white-domed sentinel. Mount Rainier, 14,363 feet 
 in height, whose perpetually snow-capped peak may be plainly seen 
 from the grounds. The snow-covered Olympics and glacial Mount 
 Baker, towering over the green-black Cascade Range are also in 
 plain view. 
 
 As in all large expositions, the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition 
 has a central, a focal point, towards which all roads tend, and about 
 which gather the chief decorative beauties of the entire construction. 
 This Court of Honor, in the case of the 1909 exposition, is a very 
 beautiful assemblage of buildings, statues, fountains, electrical 
 eflFects, and trees, shrubs, and flowers. Everything is planned to 
 produce a harmonious effect, from the smallest shrub in the border 
 of the pathways to the gigantic towers and domes that overlook the 
 entire exposition. 
 
 16
 
 The principal buildings of the exposition surround the Court 
 of Honor in terraced uniformity, the entire effect reaching its 
 maximum at the upper end of the court. Here the main govern- 
 ment building will stand, with its great dome in the center of the 
 pile, and in front of it the slender but tall electric tower. 
 The lower end of the Court is open, showing a distant view of 
 Mount Rainier. In the immediate foreground of the lower opening 
 of the Court lie the formal or sunken gardens known as the Vista 
 Gardens. The center of the Court is taken up with a circular foun- 
 tain basin, or lake, some two hundred and sixty feet in diameter and 
 eight feet deep. From the center of this a gigantic, artificial geyser 
 will play a hundred and fifty feet into the air. Smaller geysers will 
 reinforce this, and electricity will be used at night in such a manner 
 as to break up the light reflection and refraction into the prismatic 
 colors. This is an entirely new idea in water illumination. 
 
 From in front of the Government building and the Electric 
 Tower, the Cascades, the principal decorative feature, will glide grace- 
 fully over several successive steps, or terraces, toward the geyser 
 fountain, into whose basin the waters will flow. The Cascades will 
 be the piece de resistance of the exposition. They will produce effects 
 more wonderful than any presented by similar features at former 
 expositions. 
 
 Starting from the head of the Cascades the water will flow over 
 six terraces before it disappears in the geyser basin. About forty 
 thousand gallons of water will tumble over the Cascades every min- 
 ute, broken up in such a manner as to produce a crystal spray effect. 
 
 At night the Cascades will be a blaze of glory. By the use of 
 electric lights placed beneath the water, and prismatic glass, the 
 visitor will be given a sight such as has never been seen at any pre- 
 vious world's fair. Each terrace will present one of the primary 
 colors in the center, with its endless gradations of shade spreading 
 out on each side, and producing a most unique effect. 
 
 The landscape gardening around the buildings will make the 
 main picture a bower of beauty. Thousands of box trees, formally 
 enclosed in ornamental tubs, will be set about the grounds, through 
 the Court", lining the paths and bordering the buildings. Roses, 
 cactuses, dahlias, and other flowers and exotic plants and shrubs 
 will be set out in beautifully arranged beds on the velvety lawns. 
 
 A splendidly designed ornamental railing, massive in character, 
 will surround the Cascades and Geyser Basin. This balustrade will 
 be broken at intervals by great vases, some plain, and others deco- 
 rated with the exposition's official seal in bas relief. On the top- 
 most shelf of the Cascades will stand a gigantic piece of statuary 
 
 17
 
 three stories high, and composed of figures typical of certain salient 
 features of the countries the exposition is held to exploit. Distrib- 
 uted around the main picture will be many pieces of statuary, his- 
 torical and allegorical in character. 
 
 The Electric Tower, which will furnish the northern end of the 
 Court of Honor with its tall, perpendicular motif, will be an open one 
 containing a central stairway around the shaft. It will rise to a 
 height of more than 250 feet. At night it will be reconstructed in 
 fire by means of the festive shimmer of countless filaments, as the 
 architecture of the tower is such as to show it ofiE in radiant beauty. 
 Appropriately, the Electric Tower will have the general lines of a 
 lighthouse. 
 
 The two hundred and fifty acres of grounds have been artis- 
 tically laid out under the direction of the Messrs. Ohnstead, the 
 well-known landscape gardeners, and at the time of the exposition 
 will be an exhibition of -North Coast forestry and floral beauty well 
 worth seeing for themselves alone. 
 
 From the greenhouses, which have been in operation for two 
 years, over a million plants, among them 250,000 rose bushes, have 
 been used in ground decorations. 
 
 Miles of sewers, water mains, gas mains, electric conduits, 
 curbing, streets, and cinder paths have been laid and made, and the 
 streets will be surfaced with asphalt. 
 
 A Rose Lawn, Portland 
 18
 
 Group of Buildings, Exposition Grounds, Seattle 
 
 The Buildings 
 
 HE United States Government and many of the 
 states have made appropriations for suitable 
 buildings to be erected on the exposition 
 grounds. 
 
 The Government Appropriation is $600,- 
 000, which will be expended as follows: The 
 sum of $250,000 in the erection of the Main 
 Government, Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, and 
 Fisheries buildings. The remaining $350,000 
 will be expended for the collection and installation of exhibits, and 
 the erection and maintenance of a life-saving station on Lake 
 Washington. 
 
 The Government group of buildings, which will stand at the head 
 of the Court of Honor in the northern part of the grounds, filling in 
 one end of the main vista, is designed by the supervising architect of 
 the Treasury Department. These structures will be in harmony 
 with the general architectural scheme designed by Howard & 
 Galloway, the exposition's supervising architects. The main build- 
 ing will be the largest structure on the grounds. It will be sur- 
 mounted by a huge dome, whose extreme height above the grounds 
 will be more than 200 feet. To the west of this building 
 and connected with it by a peristyle, will stand the Alaska building, 
 to the east the Hawaii and Philippines buildings, and still beyond them 
 and farther to the east, the Fisheries building will have its place. 
 These buildings will harmonize along the same architectural lines, 
 except for their decorative features, and directly in front of the 
 Government group will stand the highly ornamented Electric Tower. 
 Some of the State buildings will contain exhibits illustrative 
 
 19
 
 of the resources and industries of the commonwealths, while others 
 will be simply convenient headquarters for visiting people from those 
 particular states, and places from which literature can be distributed. 
 Many social functions will be held in the State buildings. 
 
 Washington, the hostess State, will have a building costing 
 $150,000. Here will be found the State's exhibit and also the officers 
 of the Washington State Commission. 
 
 Oregon will have a building here that will attract almost as 
 much attention as did the Oregon building at the Lewis and Clark 
 Exposition. Oregon appropriated $100,000 for building and exhibits. 
 
 California will have a structure in the mission style of archi- 
 tecture so common to the State. A subtropical garden will be a 
 feature of its surroundings. The State's appropriation is $100,000, 
 and more will be provided if necessary. 
 
 Utah will have an attractive building; Missouri, from its 
 experience at other expositions, and particularly at the St. Louis 
 exposition, knows the value of proper representation at such places, 
 and will invest about $75,000 in building and exhibit; Nebraska 
 will also have its building and exhibit. 
 
 This will indicate somewhat the way in which the West has 
 taken hold of the matter ; one or two examples will show the attitude 
 of the East. 
 
 New York has appropriated $75,000 for a suitable building to 
 represent the dignity and importance of the Empire State. 
 
 Pennsylvania has also devoted $75,000 to this purpose. A 
 unique feature of the exhibit will be, as planned, to have a minia- 
 ture coal mine reproduced and in operation during the fair. 
 
 The State of Washington in appropriating $1,000,000 for the 
 exposition provided that $600,000 of that sum should be devoted to 
 the erection of three permanent buildings, suitable for the exposition 
 work, yet capable, afterwards, of being utilized for educational pur- 
 poses. As the exposition was to use the great campus of the State 
 university the matter was, thus, easily arranged. 
 
 Other permanent buildings are the Arctic Brotherhood building, 
 a structure costing $25,000, and the Emergency Hospital, which 
 will be continued in use as a hospital for the university. 
 
 The Manufactures Building, located on the left and to the 
 east of the Geyser Fountain, is one of the largest buildings, being 
 450 X 150 feet in size, and costing $90,000. The main facade 
 presents a colonnade of huge columns, forming a pergola effect, 
 adorned with growing plants and vines. 
 
 The Palace of Agriculture stands across the Geyser Foun- 
 tain from the Palace of Manufactures, a twin structure in size, gen-
 
 eral design, and cost, but entirely different in its staff decorations. 
 Containing nearly 27,000 square feet of exhibit space, this structure 
 provides ample room for the extensive agricultural exhibits which 
 it will hold. 
 
 Machinery Hall, fronting on Pacific Avenue near Washington 
 Circle, is one of the permanent brick structures. Its design is a 
 modern adaptation of the old mission style of architecture and its 
 cost $80,000. Being 221 x loi feet in size, it provides 12,768 square 
 feet of exhibit space. 
 
 The Forestry Building, costing $75,000, will face on Nome 
 Circle. It will be an immense log house, supposedly the largest ever 
 built. Erected from huge logs in their rough state and finished with 
 immense log columns, the structure will present an imposing and 
 unique appearance. 
 
 The Palace of Fine Arts, just inside of the main entrance to 
 the left of Puget Plaza and facing on Alaska Avenue, will be a per- 
 manent fireproof building erected of buff brick with terra cotta trim- 
 mings and will cost $157,000. The structure will present an impos- 
 ing front, with a striking entrance portal adorned with huge Corin- 
 thian columns. In this building will be seen one of the best exhibi- 
 tions of fine arts ever given and the finest ever made in the Pacific 
 West. A large display of loan collections will be among its treasures. 
 
 The Mines Building has its short front on the east of Cascade 
 Court and is one of the structures that helps to form the main picture. 
 In architectural design it is a modern adaptation of the classic. 
 The building, which will typify the mining industry is 228 x 89 feet 
 in size with 11,340 square feet of exhibit space, and cost $37,500. 
 
 The Fisheries Building will stand on the west side of Cascade 
 Court. It will be a twin structure to the Mines building, and will 
 cost the same, $37,500. The Fisheries building will represent all 
 phases of the fisheries of the Pacific Ocean, the rivers, streams, 
 and lakes of the Pacific Northwest. The Government's Fisheries 
 Building will contain exhibits of live fish and displays showing the 
 various methods Uncle Sam employs in maturing different species of 
 fish that frequent the streams of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. 
 In the Exposition's Fisheries building, the principal exhibits will 
 relate to the fisheries industry on the Pacific Coast. For instance, a 
 miniature salmon cannery will be shown in operation. 
 
 The Foreign Exhibits Building, costing $40,000, will be 
 devoted entirely to foreign displays. It will stand west of the 
 Palace of Agriculture with one of its short fronts facing on Lake 
 Union Avenue. Being 180 x 280 feet in size, it will furnish 50,400 
 square feet of space.
 
 The Transportation Building will occupy a position on the 
 east of the Manufactures building. It will be imposing in appear- 
 ance and will cost $40,000. In size, 310 x 180 feet, it will furnish 
 55,800 square feet of floor space. 
 
 The Auditorium is one of the permanent buff brick and steel 
 structures, that will remain for the use of Washington University 
 after the fair closes. Erected on a high terrace and towering seventy 
 feet in the air, it presents an imposing appearance. Its front is 
 on Alaska Avenue and shows a colonnade effect of tall Corinthian 
 columns, between which are seven ornate doorways. 
 
 This building will accommodate comfortably about 2,500 per- 
 sons, is provided with a large stage, an orchestra and balcony, 
 will be 172 X 144 feet in size and will cost $210,000. 
 
 Many of the counties of the State of Washington will erect fine 
 buildings. Among those which will put up handsome structures are 
 King, Spokane, and Pierce counties. 
 
 The Fire Department Station is advantageously located and 
 is equipped with all modern apparatus and a crew is always on duty 
 to protect exposition property from fire. 
 
 The Emergency Hospital is located in a quiet and shady por- 
 tion of the grounds away from the hustle and bustle of the crowds. 
 A resident physician and nurses are always in attendance. The 
 hospital consists of a surgery, private rooms and wards, and 
 quarters for the force in charge. 
 
 Near the main entrance, but concealed by larger buildings in 
 such a manner as not to mar the harmony of the architectural effect, 
 will be placed other service buildings to be variously used as a branch 
 post office, express office, telegraph office, etc. 
 
 The Forestry Building on April 15th 
 22
 
 Dairy Scene, Pttget Sound Country 
 
 E 
 
 ia 
 
 1 
 
 Miscellaneous Features 
 
 HE Pay Streak. In most expositions the amuse- 
 ment quarter has been a leading feature. And 
 as the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition aims 
 to be original in all things, it is in keeping 
 that an entirely new and at the same time very- 
 apt name should have been found for this 
 quarter, a name, indeed, suggestive of the 
 northern character of the exposition. 
 The amusement feature at Chicago and 
 Buffalo was known as "The Midway;" at St. Louis it was "The Pike;" 
 the Lewis and Clark Exposition at Portland named it "The Trail," 
 and at the Jamestown Exposition it was "The Warpath." At 
 Seattle in 1909 it will be called the "Pay Streak." 
 
 In Alaska and the Yukon and in all placer mining countries, 
 the words "pay streak" have a great significance. The gold dust and 
 nuggets carried by the action of the water accumulate just above the 
 bedrock of a creek or river in a more or less continuous line. And 
 while gold is found through the other silt and gravel of the stream, 
 it is found in its best and richest form, only when this Pay Streak 
 is reached. Thus, to those unacquainted with mining terms, the 
 appropriate nature of the name as applied to this portion of the 
 exposition will be seen. 
 
 The Pay Streak, three-quarters of a mile in length, will extend 
 from near the main entrance to Lake Union on the west, where it will 
 terminate in an ornate boat landing, from which the grand esplanade 
 will extend over the water along the lake shore to Lake Washington. 
 In order that the army of visitors may enjoy their sightseeing 
 the buildings here will be found only on that side of the street which 
 
 23
 
 is shady in the afternoon. On the other side stands a high bank, 
 covered with vines and flowers, from amidst which cooling fountains 
 will play. In all, more than $1,000,000 will have been spent on this 
 street alone. 
 
 The entrance will be such as no other world's fair has had for 
 its gaiety boulevard. Totem poles and a modern adaptation of the 
 architectural styles of China and Japan will constitute the principal 
 features. There will be six poles thirty feet apart, on each side 
 of the avenue. Between the poles will be ropes of garlands, from 
 which will be suspended Japanese lanterns. The reproduction of 
 the Alaskan native's family tree will be thirty feet high and highly 
 chromatic. At night the eyes and grinning mouths of these effigies 
 will be illuminated by electric lights, producing odd efifects. 
 
 As the visitor passes along between the totem poles his eyes will 
 meet the grand archway, a combination of different kinds of 
 architecture, which will carry an ornamental screen with the 
 official seal of the exposition in bright colors in the center. The 
 pagoda roof will be what might be termed "Jap-Alaskan" in style of 
 architecture. 
 
 Government Exhibit. The United States Government will 
 have the largest exhibit at the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition, 
 and in many respects, the most unique exhibition ever made by the 
 Government. The commissioners, who have been connected with 
 every government exhibit in recent years, determined at the start 
 that the exhibit should be something new and of practical benefit. 
 
 Because of the deep interest of the West in forestry, irrigation, 
 dry-land farming, improved agricultural methods, fisheries, and 
 everything connected with the deep sea, it is proposed to treat these 
 subjects from an educational standpoint, to give demonstrations of 
 practical methods, and by means of a bioscope and pictures to show 
 actual conditions. Thus the man who is interested in irrigation and 
 horticulture will find the best practices illustrated by models, pic- 
 tures, and charts, and actual workings by the bioscope. He will learn 
 how to prepare the land, how to run irrigation canals, how to plant, 
 spray, and care for his trees, how to pick and pack the fruit. 
 
 Treadwell Gold Mine Exhibit. The famous Treadwell 
 Mines of Douglas Island, Alaska, Exhibit will consist of bricks and 
 bars of real gold, tons of rich gold quartz, and many sacks of the 
 richest concentrates, the total aggregating half a million dollars in 
 value. The company will likewise have a small milling plant at 
 which gold ore from the Treadwell mines will be treated, the same 
 as at the great works on Douglas Island. The Treadwell is one 
 of the oldest mines in Alaska, having been in almost continuous
 
 operation for twenty-five years, and producing, during that time, 
 an average of $2,000,000 in gold a year, half of which is clear profit. 
 The Treadwell takes its name from its discoverer, James Treadwell. 
 It is now owned by the English Rothschilds. 
 
 Live-Stock Show. An important part of the exposition will be 
 the live-stock show. More than $100,000 has been appropriated by 
 the exposition management for the live-stock show. Many stock 
 associations will also provide large sums to be distributed in prizes. 
 The show will be held during the latter part of the exposition, and it 
 will be the most comprehensive ever held on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 A series of tests pertaining to the dairy will last about three 
 weeks. These may be termed original research work, for an attempt 
 will be made to solve some of the many problems that confront the 
 farmer, the dairyman, and the ranchman. The most profitable 
 means of producing results and practical demonstrations in han- 
 dling stock, in stabling, feeding, and the handling of butter and milk 
 will be a part of the exhibition. 
 
 Music. Special attention will be given to the musical attrac- 
 tions of the exposition. Frederick Neil Innes, the famous band 
 leader, has charge of this feature and has made arrangements for the 
 leading musical organizations of the world to appear during the exposi- 
 tion. There will be musical features and entertainments of all kinds. 
 
 The Auditorium will be equipped with on-e of the largest pipe 
 organs in the world. 
 
 Military. A model military camp will be established in the 
 wooded section of the exposition grounds for the use of the visiting 
 military. The United States Government will keep an outfit of 
 regulars at the exposition, while the National Guard and other mili- 
 tary organizations will occupy the model camp from time to time. 
 
 The West Point cadets and the United States Naval Academy 
 cadets will spend some time at the exposition, and these young men, 
 about to enter Uncle Sam's service, will be a great attraction. 
 
 The Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition will be the first great 
 international fair at which no intoxicating liquors are sold on the 
 grounds. The State laws forbid the sale of liquor within two miles 
 of the State University, on which ground the exposition will be held. 
 
 A full-working wireless telegraphy plant which will have com- 
 munication with California and distant Alaska points will be installed 
 upon the exposition grounds. 
 
 A unique feature of the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition will be 
 the camps of the Indians of the Pacific Northwest. A score of tribes 
 will be represented, including the famous Nez Perces. 
 
 25
 
 The Pacific Squadron of the United States Navy will be at 
 Seattle on the opening day of the exposition, June i, 1909. The 
 fleet consists of the huge armored cruisers, California, Colorado, 
 Maryland, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, 
 West Virginia, and the modern protected cruisers, St. Louis and 
 Milwaukee, with other smaller vessels. Some or all of these vessels will 
 be in the Seattle harbor and open to visitors during the full period 
 of the exposition. 
 
 The school children of Alaska will make one of the most attrac- 
 tive exhibits. In addition to showing the work they do in school, 
 the children will make collections of the flowers and plants of Alaska, 
 take pictures of scenes, and prepare maps of various localities. 
 This work is in addition to the displays to be made by the pupils of 
 the native schools. Mrs. Mary E. Hart, special commissioner, has 
 charge of this feature. 
 
 Cameras over the size of 3^ x 5^ will be excluded from the 
 grounds. In no case will tripods be allowed. 
 
 There are nine entrances to the exposition. The main entrance 
 '*s at Fortieth Street and Fifteenth Avenue. A gate will be located 
 on Fifteenth Avenue where the Northern Pacific Railway tracks 
 enter the grounds and a railway station provided for special par- 
 ties coming in by rail who wish 
 to be delivered at the grounds. 
 At the end of Alaska Avenue on 
 Lake Union there will be a water 
 gateway. There will be two 
 entrances from the university 
 campus, one opposite Science 
 Hall, and the other near the girls' 
 dormitory. A gate will be found 
 at the portage and another at the 
 Lake Washington pier. At Fif- 
 teenth Avenue and Forty-first 
 Street will be a service entrance. 
 The Northern Pacific Railway 
 provides a frequent train, express, 
 and freight service between all 
 important points on Puget Sound. 
 Its tracks run directly through 
 
 iLouer Fall, Yellou'sione Park ,' the Exposition grounds. 
 
 26
 
 ^u 
 
 rJ 
 
 ^■R^L 
 
 h 
 
 ^H^^^JK^^^ 
 
 Palace of Fine Arts, ivhicJi ivill heroine the Cliejiiistry Seltool of tlic State I ' iiiversity 
 
 Accommodations for Visitors 
 
 HE accommodations for visitors in Seattle are 
 unsurpassed. Seattle, the largest city on the 
 Sound and one of the oldest, has a poj^ulation 
 of about 250,000, and is essentially a hotel city, 
 a large part of its population residing in hotels 
 or lodgings. The city is full of interest to 
 one of an energetic turn. In proximity to 
 Seattle and the waters of Puget Sound and 
 Lake Washington lie some forty cities and 
 towns easily accessible from Seattle and the exposition grounds. 
 
 At these places people may obtain lodgings as elaborate or as 
 simple as desired. Steam and electric cars and boats on the sound 
 and lake run every hour between these places and the city. 
 
 The hotels and apartment houses of Seattle are unexcelled in 
 point of comfort and management. Rooms may be obtained either 
 in the center of the city, in the residential districts, or in the neighbor- 
 hood of the exposition. In recent years many new hotels and apart- 
 ment houses have been erected, which gives assurance that prices 
 will be reasonable for all classes of visitors. There will be no hotel on 
 the grounds. 
 
 The exposition will establish a bureau from which intending 
 visitors can obtain all information. A person can write the bureau 
 stating the probable number of his party, accommodations required, 
 and the price he is desirous of paying, and receive in return a list of 
 addresses of the class of accommodations desired. 
 
 A new and novel exposition feature will be a fleet of house- 
 boats on Lake Washington for rent at reasonable prices. These 
 boats will be furnished with necessary equipment for housekeeping 
 and can be anchored either near the exposition grounds, or some 
 distance away. 
 
 37
 
 Fargo, North Dakota {top.) Livingston, Montana (bottom.) Butte, Montana (second) 
 and Bismarck, North Dakota {third) 
 
 A GROUP OF NORTHERN PACIFIC STATIONS 
 28
 
 Quinaielt Indians in the Pacific Ocean Surf, and Moclips, Washington 
 
 Interesting Side Trips 
 
 HERE is no region in our country that can 
 present a more attractive list of side trips than 
 does the Pacific Northwest. It is an ideal 
 tourist outing region. From Seattle, the expo- 
 sition city, or from Spokane, Tacoma, or Port- 
 land, many recreation places may be quickly 
 and conveniently reached. To make all the 
 side trips possible would require more time 
 than most travelers can spare probably, but 
 by a little effort many of them may be enjoyed, before, during, and 
 after the exposition. 
 
 The Northern Pacific Railway reaches all important points 
 about Puget Sound and provides a passenger and freight service 
 prompt, efficient, and satisfactory in every particular. 
 
 Victoria, B. C. Victoria, one of the quaintest cities of the 
 Pacific Coast, is reached by daily steamers from Seattle. Situated on 
 the southernmost point of Vancouver Island, the city surrounds a 
 winding bay and spreads in many directions, much of it lying along 
 a rocky and picturesque coast line. Beacon Hill Park is one of the 
 show places of the city, and Nob Hill displays attractive and costly 
 homes in which English ideas are strongly marked through landscape 
 effects, architecture, and hedges. Victoria's Parliament buildings 
 are examples of solid, substantial, and artistic public structures. A 
 new hotel, the Empress, is one of the finest on the Pacific Coast. 
 Its site, near the Parliament buildings, overlooks the harbor. Visit- 
 ors to Victoria should tour the city either by tally-ho or automobile. 
 The ride embraces the Dallas road, along the waterfront, and is one 
 
 29
 
 of the finest in the country. Esquimalt, until recently the English 
 naval station, rnay also be visited. Victoria is a good place for curio 
 purchasers. 
 
 Vancouver, B. C. Vancouver is reached either by the Northern 
 Pacific Railway and its connections, via Sumas and Mission, by 
 direct steamer line or by steamers touching at Victoria en route. It 
 is the present railway outlet to the sea for Western Canada and 
 British Columbia and a city of much and increasing commercial 
 importance. Although but twenty years old, it presents substantial 
 business blocks and attractive residences. Its site is on the shores of 
 a landlocked harbor north of which rise the rugged peaks of the 
 Coast Range. The scenic surroundings are especially fine. From 
 the city and from incoming and outgoing steamers one enjoys a 
 splendid view of Mount Baker with its tremendous snow-capped 
 dome rising 10,827 ^^st above the sea. Stanley Park, a forest 
 reserve leased to the city by the Government, affords a delightful 
 nine-mile auto ride. One may here view the primeval North Pacific 
 Coast forest in all its grandeur and impressive beauty. The big 
 trees in Stanley Park, the Victoria Fountain, and the buffalo corral 
 are points of special interest. The trees, although not so many in 
 number, vie in size with many of the big trees of California. 
 
 Port Townsend. This place is the U. S. Port of Entry for the 
 Puget Sound district. It is most attractively situated on the west 
 side of the ?ound at the eastern extremity of the Strait of Fuca. 
 Here are located Forts Casey, Flagler, and Worden, large govern- 
 ment posts. The Olympic range lies back of the city and between 
 the city and mountains lies a very fine stretch of land. Dairy 
 farms are found and the climate is most salubrious. 
 
 MocLips. Moclips, Sunset Beach, and Pacific Beach, lying but 
 short distances apart, are situated on the shores of the Pacific Ocean 
 at the end of the Gray's Harbor branch line of the Northern Pacific 
 Railway and are very attractive points for a quiet sea coast outing. 
 The ocean beach, broad, smooth, and hard, is especially interesting, 
 and seen at evening with the heavy swells of the ocean breaking into 
 foam and spray, is a sight not soon forgotten. Moclips is located in 
 a region of much scenic beauty, the coast being more or less moun- 
 tainous and rocky. Point Grenville near the Quinaielt Indian Reser- 
 vation lies but six miles distant along the beach, and the ride to the 
 Indian town is a frequent diversion for tourists. Hotel accommoda- 
 tions are good, a large modern hotel having been recently erected. 
 
 Bremerton. Bremerton, the seat of the United States Naval 
 Station on Puget Sound, lies directly to the west from Seattle and 
 
 30
 
 is reached by harbor boats making regular and frequent trips. Vis- 
 itors are admitted to the grounds and will find much to interest them 
 in the work which is nearly always in progress upon one or another 
 of the fighting ships of our splendid navy. There are usually several 
 of them to be found there. 
 
 Everett. Everett is a thriving manufacturing city located 
 at the end of a branch of the Northern Pacific Railway, on one of the 
 best harbors of Puget Sound. It is also reached by local steamers. 
 It has good hotels, large lumber and paper mills, a smelter and 
 many other industries. 
 
 Bellingham. North of Everett and just south of the inter- 
 national boundary is Bellingham, one of the oldest and most pros- 
 perous of the Puget Sound cities. It has large manufacturing plants 
 and canning industries which are of interest to visitors. The hotels 
 are good, and Lake Whatcom, a short distance away, is a recreation 
 spot. The city is reached both by trains and steamers. 
 
 Green River Hot Springs. Green River Hot Springs, about 
 sixty miles east from Seattle and Tacoma on the main line of the 
 Northern Pacific, is a modern, well equipped, mineral hot springs 
 sanatorium in the heart of the Cascade Range. Those who, during 
 exposition days, would appreciate a quiet spot, within easy reach of 
 Puget Sound cities and with pleasant mineral baths, massage, etc., 
 will enjoy Hotel Kloeber at these springs, as it ranks far above the 
 usual hot springs hotel to be found in the West, and the rates — 
 meals a la carte — are extremely reasonable. Vegetables are supplied 
 from the hotel ranch in Yakima Valley. The waters are delightful 
 for bathing, the temperature being 132° Fahr. They are efficacious 
 in rheumatism, neuralgia, disorders of the heart, kidneys, digestive 
 organs, and in nervous troubles. Dr. Kloeber, the proprietor, is a 
 physician and surgeon, and the healing waters with massage, etc., 
 make the springs a restful spot for a few days' sojourn during or 
 after the close of the exposition. Good trout fishing is at hand. 
 
 Hood's Canal and Lake Cushman. The finest water trip from 
 Tacoma and Seattle is that through Hood's Canal en route to Lake 
 Cushman. The Canal is one of those long, narrow arms so common 
 to Puget Sound, with impressive mountain scenery and with many 
 attractive places on its shores. At Hoodsport a stage meets the 
 steamer and a drive of several miles follows through the shady forest 
 to Lake Cushman, a most picturesque spot in the Olympic Range. 
 A small lake at the base of high mountains, with a wide expanse of 
 clearing has been taken advantage of to provide a beautiful retreat 
 for tired humanity among the mountains. A successful attempt at 
 
 3Z
 
 simple yet pleasing landscape decoration has been made. The hotels 
 are extremely satisfactory in architecture, room accommodations, 
 and cuisine. And withal, prices, on the American plan, are reason- 
 able. 
 
 Lake Crescent. Lake Crescent, deeply set in the heart of 
 another part of the Olympic Range, is another of the many mountain 
 lake gems for which the North Pacific Coast is noted. It is named 
 for its shape, and is nine miles long, very deep and beautiful. The 
 mountains are high and heavily timbered, the climate balmy, and 
 the locality is most attractive. 
 
 There are several charming spots on the lake where tourists 
 may stop and hotel charges are reasonable and accommodations 
 very satisfactory. A steam launch makes frequent trips around the 
 lake daily and prices are so low that one can enjoy a ride on the 
 beautiful blue water frequently without feeling that the expense need 
 be much considered. 
 
 And the fishing! Who that is really interested in angling does 
 not know that Lake Crescent is the home of the Beardsleei and 
 Crescentis trout? They were discovered and brought to public 
 notice by the late Admiral Beardslee of the navy. There are also 
 other species of trout found here and no angler need fear the lack 
 of sport. 
 
 The lake is reached by steamer from Seattle to either Port 
 Angeles or Port Crescent and thence by driving. The drive from 
 Angeles is the longer, but is through an interesting forest country that 
 forms a natural and appropriate introduction to the region. 
 
 Tacoma. Tacoma, being so near Seattle, will naturally share 
 somewhat in the glories of the exposition. Tacoma is a beautiful 
 city and is growing rapidly, her population now being about 
 100,000. Her large wheat warehouses — the largest m the world — 
 her extensive shipping, and her lumber mills are especially interest- 
 ing to visitors. Lying near to the great timber area of the Pacific 
 Coast, her rail and water transportation facilities have given excep- 
 tional advantages in ocean commerce and have very materially aided 
 the building up of immense mills for the conversion of the rough 
 logs into finished lumber. Tacoma has a large smelter, and its 
 commercial houses do a heaw retail and distributing business. The 
 city is built along the water front of Commencement Bay of Puget 
 Sound, and on the higher levels are charming residence sections and 
 parks where many beautiful and costly homes are found. There 
 are several excellent hotels and a visitor may profitably spend 
 many days enjoying the interesting sights which a visit to Tacoma 
 offers. 
 
 32
 
 The Hotel Tacoma occupies a site overlooking Commencement 
 Bay and commanding a fine view of Mount Rainier. 
 
 The Northern Pacific Railway runs frequent trains between 
 Tacoma and Seattle and all contiguous towns, and there are also 
 local steamers and a trolley line operating between the cities. 
 
 Paradise Park. A very unusual trip, full of rich and varied 
 experiences, is that to Paradise Park, on the southern slope of Mount 
 Rainier. Here is found some of the most sublime scenery on the 
 globe. Mountains, falls, glaciers, canyons, cliffs, snow-fields, 
 islands of timber, rushing streams, wide areas of living green, and a 
 most wonderful flora, lie stretched on all sides. If the visitor be 
 ambitious in the line of mountain climbing, the ascent of Mount 
 Rainier, the grandest glacial peak in the United States exclusive of 
 Alaska, can be added to the program. For this a guide is necessary. 
 
 Paradise Park is reached by the Tacoma Eastern Railroad, 
 which extends from Tacoma to Ashford, at and near which point 
 there are several good stopping places. From Ashford a stage ride 
 of several miles over a good road built and maintained by the Gov- 
 ernment for a part of the distance, completes the journey to the 
 Rainier National Park Inn at Longmire Springs. 
 
 The new Inn fits the locality, is three stories high, of artistic 
 shingle and siding construction, commands the approaches to 
 Paradise Park, Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, Nisqually Glacier, 
 Narada Falls, and all places of scenic interest within the Rainier 
 National Park, with good trails leading to all points. Guides and 
 saddle ponies for use of guests are maintained. 
 
 From Paradise Park and Henry's Hunting Ground magnificent 
 views of Mount Rainier and its many glaciers and of the Tatoosh 
 Range, an unusually fine one, are to be had. The flora and large 
 snow fields form most picturesque scenic effects, early in the season, 
 particularly, before the new snow has melted. 
 
 Olympia. Olympia is one of the oldest cities on the coast, being 
 settled about 1850. It is situated on Budd's Inlet at the head of 
 Puget sound and is the capital of the state of Washington. It is in 
 the midst of a rich and beautiful country and has all the accessories 
 of a growing and prosperous city. The Northern Pacific Railway 
 connects it with the other cities on the Sound and with Gray's 
 Harbor and Portland. Olympia oysters are in demand all over the 
 coast. 
 
 Portland, The Rose City, a few hours' ride from Seattle and 
 Tacom.a, and Oregon's metropolis, has experienced great prosperity 
 and growth consequent upon its Lewis and Clark Exposition of 1905, 
 
 33
 
 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon 
 
 and the steady settlement of the beautiful Oregon valleys tributary 
 to it. 
 
 From Portland some of the grandest trips in the world may be 
 made. That to the long, clean, delightful ocean beaches at Seaside 
 and North Beach near Astoria and the mouth of the Columbia River, 
 is sure to repay one. This may be made either by steamer or rail. 
 Another is up the Columbia River to the Cascades, at Stevenson, 
 or, if time permits, to the Grand Dalles. This trip, on the upper 
 Columbia River, by way of the new Spokane, Portland & Seattle 
 Railway, is one of the great scenic river trips of the world and 
 will prove a surprise of surprises in the beauty and variety of 
 scenery. 
 
 The Rose Festival for 1909 will be held at Portland, June 7-12, 
 and will be a most interesting event. The city will be elaborately 
 decorated at an expense of many thousands of dollars and visitors 
 to Portland at that time will certainly enjoy a novel treat. 
 
 The Portland hotels, modern and excellently managed, afford at- 
 tractive tourist accommodations, and are advantageously located. 
 
 From Portland five great snow peaks are seen, principal of 
 which are Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. 
 
 34
 
 Astoria. Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia 'River, and 
 reached either by rail or steamer, was founded by John Jacob Astor 
 in i8n. It is a very important lumbering and salmon-fishing point. 
 From it the well-known North Beach in Washington, and South and 
 Flavel Beaches, in Oregon, are easily reached. The jetties at the 
 mouth of the river, Fort Canby and Cape Disappointment on the 
 Washington shore, and Fort Stevens just below the city are inter- 
 esting points to visit. 
 
 Spokane. In the heart of a great basin between the Cascade 
 and Rocky Mountain Ranges, known as the Inland Empire, lies the 
 city of Spokane with a population of about 100,000. It occupies a 
 commanding position in its relation to the trade and activities of the 
 mountainous mining regions to the east and north, the great agricul- 
 tural valleys to the south, and the enormous wheat plains and rich 
 fruit-growing districts of all eastern Washington. Spokane's rise to 
 commercial importance has been very rapid. It was originally a 
 Northwest Fur Company post, being established in 1 8 1 1 , in opposition 
 to Astor's enterprise at Astoria, its location then being at the mouth 
 of the Spokane River. The city proper was started in 1873 and 
 incorporated in 1883. Through the heart of the city runs the Spo- 
 kane River, which furnishes enormous water power, utilized in 
 various ways. 
 
 The Inland Empire is a region of lands suitable for dry farming, 
 irrigation farming, and is rich in minerals. It is reached in all its 
 important points and cities by the Northern Pacific and affords 
 unsurpassed advantages for those who desire to better themselves 
 and establish new homes in a region where climate, water, and 
 opportunity are all that can be desired. 
 
 Spokane is a city of beautiful homes. The hillsides play an 
 important part in the adornment of the city, and these have been 
 improved with rare artistic sense with the result that homes of archi- 
 tectural worth and charm have been, and are being, constantly con- 
 structed thereon. Spokane has several fine parks and it is a city 
 that will amply repay the time spent in exploring it at leisure. 
 
 Spokane is well known for its hotels and restaurants. Two of 
 these cafes are noted throughout the United States for their excellent 
 service, beauty of interior, and size. 
 
 Those who attend the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition at 
 Seattle make a mistake if they do not arrange to spend a few days 
 at and near Spokane, going or coming. There are several delightful 
 outing spots near at hand, prominent among them being Coeur 
 d'Alene, Liberty, and Hayden Lakes. The Seventeenth NatioAal 
 Irrigation Congress will hold its session at Spokane, August 9-14. 
 
 35
 
 Excursion Steamer Spokane at Muir Glacier, Alaska 
 
 The Trip to Alaska 
 
 HE Alaskan tour is one that is very closely con- 
 nected with the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposi- 
 tion. Those who visit the exposition must 
 remember that Alaska steamers start from 
 Puget Sound. Of all trips by water, this one 
 along the indented northwestern coast, by way 
 of the inland passage, is the chief. 
 
 Good steamers, enchanting scenery, an entire 
 absence of seasickness, give to this tour, in fact, 
 a charming individuality. The coast line is broken and beautiful, 
 innumerable islands dot the watery expanse ; the black forests rise 
 from the water's edge and above them the great white mountains 
 stand athwart the vision, hiding the strange, silent land beyond, 
 and the fiords and glaciers give us a Norway entirely our own. 
 The towns of this Northland, Juneau, Skagway, Sitka, etc., with 
 their quaint, unfamiliar environment, afford new and interesting 
 subjects for study. 
 
 The White Pass and Yukon route across the mountains above 
 Skagway affords an easy route into the upper Yukon region and 
 around Atlin Lake, and into the noted Klondike. 
 
 The excursion steamer Spokane will make five excursions from 
 the Sound ports to the Glaciers, Totem Pole villages and scenic 
 features of Southeastern Alaska by the "Inside Passage" during the 
 tourist season: June 15th and 30th, July 15th and 30th and August 
 14th, 1909. This steamer is new, is used exclusively for first-class 
 round trip passenger excursion business, and stops at all important 
 points, including Glacier Bay. Fares from Seattle or Victoria are 
 $100 and up, according to accommodations taken. Other and 
 stanch steamers also make many excursion trips during the season 
 at popular fares. 
 
 36
 
 Gardiner Gateway and Official Entrance to Yellowstone Park 
 
 Yellowstone National Park 
 
 M connection with the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Ex- 
 position, those who journey thither, should plan 
 to visit Yellowstone Park en route, without fail. 
 This marvelous wonderland, in the heart of 
 the Rocky Mountains, stands unique and un- 
 rivaled among the scenic resorts of the globe. 
 There are other places, it is true, where soir.c 
 of the phenomena found here may be seen in as 
 great or less degree, but there is no place where 
 Nature has concentrated, on such a lavish and profound scale, the 
 weird and wonderful things to be seen in the Park. The beauty of 
 Morning Glory Spring or Emerald Pool, the weird attraction of the 
 Paint Pots, the terrible majesty of the Giantess Geyser, the delicate 
 sculpturings to be seen at Pulpit Terrace, the fascinating ugliness of 
 Mud Volcano, the magnificence, opulence, and grandeur of the Grand 
 Canyon — these must be seen and felt to be understood and cannot 
 be set down adequately in words nor reproduced in pictures. There 
 are about 3,000 hot springs and 100 geysers, nearly 30 waterfalls, 
 100 prominent named mountain peaks, ranging from 6,500 to more 
 than 11,000 feet in altitude, over 40 lakes, 150 streams having names, 
 with many canyons, valleys, and other physical features, besides 
 bison,* elk, deer, antelope, mountain sheep, pelicans, gulls, and other 
 birds, and trout of various species, to interest one. 
 
 * At the instance of the American Bison Society, Congress has appropriated $40,000 for the 
 purchase of twenty square miles of land and the fencing of same for the Montana National Bison 
 Range, at Ravalli, Montana, just across the mountains from Missoula, for the purpose of 
 preserving this noble game animal, now so nearly extinct. The south line of the range follows 
 closely the Northern Pacific Railway for nine miles from Ravalli west. The southeastern corner 
 will be within five minutes' walk of the railway station at Ravalli. The nucleus herd of bison 
 is to be provided by the American Bison Society. 
 
 37
 
 A Herd of Buffalo 
 
 Starting from Livingston, Montana, on the main line of the 
 Northern Pacific, it requires a minimum of six days to make the tour 
 of the Park, and return to Livingston. More time should be given to 
 the trip, however, so that one can stop from one to three days, or 
 longer if possible, at each hotel, and thus more leisurely, and with far 
 more satisfaction and enjoyment, see each locality. There is no addi- 
 tional charge for transportation in stopping over in this way, and the 
 entire summer within the limits of the Park season, June 5 to Sep- 
 tember 25, 1909, after visiting the exposition, might be profitably 
 spent here. 
 
 At Livingston, the Park branch line of the Northern Pacific leaves 
 the main line and extends to Gardiner, at the northern boundary of 
 the Park, and the Government Official Entrance. At this point 
 and in immediate proximity to the railway station, an original and 
 artistic log structure, stands the $10,000 lava stone arch, the corner- 
 stone of which President Roosevelt laid in the spring of 1903. 
 
 During the park season the Northern Pacific runs Pullman 
 standard sleeping cars from St. Paul and the coast direct to Gardiner 
 and vice versa, an accommodation much appreciated and much 
 patronized by the public. 
 
 3S
 
 Gardiner is only five miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the 
 administrative center of the park. 
 
 The transportation in the park — no railways of any sort or auto- 
 mobiles being allowed therein^-is by means of large, stanch, easy- 
 riding, four-horse stage coaches. The roads, sprinkled each day 
 before departure of the coaches, are now in splendid shape being 
 maintained by the Government, and this coaching trip is undoubtedly 
 the finest thing of the sort in the country and a most agreeable innova- 
 tion and diversion for travelers, and eminently appropriate to the 
 place. 
 
 There is a hotel, thoroughly modern, at each important place for 
 sight-seeing in the park. These hotels are all steam heated, electric 
 lighted, etc. Old Faithful Inn at Upper Geyser Basin and the 
 Colonial Hotel at Yellowstone Lake are particularly attractive. 
 The former, a wonderful structure of native boulders and logs, is the 
 surprise and delight of all who enter its massive portals. It overlooks 
 most of the large geysers, and its appointments, including a giant 
 searchlight on the roof turned on the geysers each night, are in keep- 
 ing with this wonderland. The Colonial Hotel at the lake is a gem of 
 its kind — a restful, reposeful, stately building overlooking Yellow- 
 stone Lake and the Absaroka Range of high mountains that frames 
 it. At this point also is found unlimited trout fishing, free as the 
 mountain air which the traveler breathes. The park is a grand 
 trout preserve with five or six species of trout found in its 
 lakes and mountain streams, the latter easily reached from the 
 different hotels. 
 
 The hotel at the Grand Canyon is near the Upper and Lower 
 Falls and Point Lookout, the latter a projection on the brink of the 
 most wonderfully colored and sculptured gorge in the world. Here, 
 Nature has tried to outdo herself. 
 
 Old Faithful Inn, Yellowstone Park 
 39
 
 Duhith, Alinn., Showing Minnesota Point, Looking Toward Superior, Wis. 
 
 Westward via the Great Lakes 
 
 TRIP on the Great Lakes, between Buffalo and 
 Duluth, on the superb steamer Northwest, of the 
 Northern Steamship Company or the steamers 
 Tionesta or Juniata of the Erie & Western Trans- 
 portation Company — Anchor Line — or between 
 Sarnia, Ontario, Superior and Duluth, on the 
 steamers of the Northern Navigation Company 
 in connection with the coast trip — what could 
 be more enjoyable? These steamers leave these 
 ports on regular schedules, connecting with Northern Pacific trains 
 at Duluth, which trains connect in turn at Staples with the regular 
 transcontinental trains to and from the Park, Puget Sound, and 
 Portland. Those who may have planned for years "the trip of their 
 lives" will, in 1909, achieve their ambition by "doing" the Great 
 Lakes, Yellowstone Park, the Alaska-Yukon -Pacific Exposition, 
 Alaska, and California, at remarkably small expense. 
 
 A day spent in Duluth and Superior driving around the boule- 
 vards in Duluth and in visiting the mammoth coal and ore docks and 
 other objects of interest in the two cities, will not be time thrown away. 
 These enterprising though young cities, one in Minnesota, the other in 
 Wisconsin, are fair exponents of northwestern vim and progress. 
 
 If desired, the tourist may, without additional expense for trans- 
 portation, visit St. Paul and Minneapolis and start westward from 
 these cities. The Northern Pacific has three trains daily — two on 
 Sunday — between the Head of the Lakes and St. Paul-Minneapolis, 
 and the ride is of but a few hours' duration. One of these trains, 
 the "Lake Superior Limited," is a parlor and cafe-observation car 
 train affording service unexcelled. 
 
 40
 
 Middle l'\ills, Spukaii 
 
 Northern Pacific Train Service 
 
 ASSENGERS via the Northern Pacific, on 
 and after May 23d, will have a choice of 
 three thoroughly modern, electric - lighted 
 trains between St. Paul and Minneapolis on 
 the east (with convenient connections from 
 Duluth and Superior), and Portland, Tacoma, 
 and Seattle, via Spokane, on the west — dining 
 car service for the entire trip on all trains. 
 An important innovation on this date, 
 also, will be the inauguration of through service between Chicago 
 and the North Pacific Coast via St. Paul-Minneapolis. 
 
 The famous "North Coast Limited," the crack train of the 
 Northwest, will be exclusively for first-class sleeping-car passengers. 
 A unique buffet-library-observation car will provide barber, bath, 
 library, the current magazines, and complete correspondence facilities. 
 From its spacious observation parlor and platform an uninterrupted 
 view of passing scenery may be had. An additional attractive feature 
 will be that of valet service for pressing garments. This has been 
 maintained on the "North Coast Limited" for some time — in fact, 
 it originated with us and has proved most popular. 
 
 Passengers on the "North Coast Limited" have free access to 
 the buffet-library-observation car with all its facilities. Prices for 
 barber and clothes-pressing service are on a moderate scale. 
 
 Eastbound, effective May 23d and thereafter, the "North Coast 
 Limited" will provide through sleeping car service from the coast to 
 Chicago by way of Minneapolis-St. Paul. 
 
 The dining-car service on all of our trains is maintained at a 
 standard equal to that of the largest and best equipped metropolitan 
 
 41
 
 hotels. Special pains are taken to make the meal service of such 
 character as to prove an effective advertisement of the line. 
 
 In addition to these three daily electric-lighted trains which run 
 via Northern Pacific all the way from the Twin Cities and Head of the 
 Lakes to the coast, there is also operated a through daily electric- 
 lighted train between St. Louis, St. Joseph, Lincoln, and Seattle, via 
 Spokane, with immediate connections to and from Kansas City, 
 Omaha, and Denver, and Tacoma and Portland. Pullman tourist 
 sleeping cars are carried on this train as also on two of the three 
 daily trains first mentioned. The through service from St. Louis and 
 Missouri River points to the coast is via the Burlington route to 
 Billings, thence Northern Pacific. 
 
 The "Lake Superior Limited" is a fast, luxurious, electric-lighted 
 daily train running between Minneapolis-St. Paul and Duluth- 
 Superior, affording a parlor and observation-cafe car. 
 
 The "Puget Sound Limited" is a fast daily train running between 
 Seattle, Tacoma, and Portland, carrying dining and modern parlor cars. 
 
 Schedules of all trains are arranged with particular reference to 
 the convenience of patrons and to affording the maximum of sight- 
 seeing possibilities. Over a large portion of its lines the Northern 
 Pacific has established a block signal system; this, added to the 
 unusually strong construction of its new equipment, greatly increases 
 the element of safety. 
 
 Through sleeping car service is maintained direct to the boundary 
 of Yellowstone National Park at Gardiner, the official entrance. 
 
 Six-horse coaches Laving Gardiner for Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park 
 
 42
 
 Sugar Beets on the W'uy to Mill at J:iii!tiigs, ALuit. 
 
 Irrigation Projects along the Northern Pacific Railway 
 
 HE traveler on Northern Pacific trains will zee 
 many and striking evidences of the benefi- 
 cence of irrigation. Tl.e Yellowstone valley is 
 now almost one complete stretch of irrigation 
 enterprises. Prominent among these are the 
 Government's Lower Yellowstone Reclama- 
 tion Project, near Glendive; the Tongue River 
 and other canals near Miles City; the Huntley 
 Reclamation Project and other large irriga- 
 tion propositions around and west of Billings. Fruits and vegetables 
 are being raised in increasing quantity. 
 
 The Gallatin valley is one great irrigation field, where grains 
 and grasses grow luxuriantly. The Bitterroot valley, extending 
 south from Missoula, is a paradise of irrigation. Everything from 
 grain to vegetables and fruit grows to perfection. Mcintosh Red 
 Apples are a specialty. 
 
 Around Spokane there are many successful irrigation plants and 
 the Lewiston-Clarkston region to the south is one where climate and 
 soil combine to produce an unusual combination in this line. Apples, 
 peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, berries etc., grow in luxuriance. 
 
 The Yakima valley, between the Columbia river and the Cas- 
 cade range, is one of the two or three largest and best irrigation 
 sections in the west. Anything with the "Yakima" brand on it is 
 "gilt-edged." Yakima fruits have a reputation all their own. 
 
 At many points along the road, particularly in North Dakota 
 and Montana, evidences of successful dry farming will be seen. 
 
 South of the main line, from Pasco, the Walla Walla country 
 and that along the north bank of the Columbia river, just opened 
 
 43
 
 Higli bcPiool, Spokane 
 
 up by the Spokane, Portland & Seattle railway — an affiliated line of 
 the Northern Pacific — are most productive and valuable regions where 
 irrigation is necessary in many cases, while in other instances the 
 natural rainfall is amply sufficient. Fruit and grain are largely raised. 
 
 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 
 
 Issued by the General Passenger Department, Northern Pacific Railway 
 
 THE LAND OF GEYSERS 
 
 Free 
 
 A new edition of a booklet that describes, briefly, some of the wonderful and unique 
 phenomena of Yellowstone Park. Splendidly illustrated in halftone, showing geysers, canyons, 
 stage coaches, Old Faithful Inn, etc. This is far ahead of any previous edition, in every respect. 
 
 EASTWARD THROUGH THE STORIED NORTHWEST 
 
 Send Six Cents 
 
 A new and very attractive edition of a most pojiular booklet. Handsomely printed and 
 very profusely illustrated in halftone, it describes the journey homeward from California over 
 the Shasta-Northern Pacific Route. It gives detailed information of the Pacific Northwest, 
 including the Columbia River. Portland, Astoria and the coast resorts, and the beautiful Puget 
 Sound Country, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria and Vancouver, B. C, etc. 
 
 YELLOWSTONE PARK FOLDER 
 Free 
 
 A complete folder in book form with maps and illustrations, giving full details of the 
 trip through Yellowstone Park, including fares, hotel and transportation facilities, and all 
 important items of information. 
 
 PANORAMIC YELLOWSTONE PARK PICTURE 
 
 Send Thirty-five Cents 
 The Northern Pacific has a large Panoramic Picture 48 inches long by 32 inches wide, and 
 done in fifteen colors, tliat shows the topography of the Park, the locatiori of the hotels, geyser 
 basins, canyons, roads, lakes, and all features of the Park. Framed, it is ornamental as well 
 as useful. 
 
 These Publications will be sent to any address upon receipt in stamps, 
 silver, or money order, of the amounts designated. 
 A. M. CLELAND, General Passenger Agent, ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
 44
 
 
 Alap of Ydlo-iVstone National Park, the World's greatest outing spot — most 
 conveniently reached via Gardiner Gateway, the official entrance, in through 
 sleeping cars of the Northern Pacific Railway. 
 
 45
 
 HOWARD &. GALL 
 SUPERVISING 
 OLMSTED 
 LANDSCAPE MiC 
 
 ROUND PLAN 
 
 ALASKA- YUKON - PACIFIC 
 EXPOSITION. 
 
 EUROPEAN 
 
 5 ORIENTAL 
 
 6 AGRICULTURES 
 
 7 MANUFACTURES 
 
 8 MINES 
 
 9 KING COUNTY 
 
 10 TRANSPORTATION 
 
 11 MACHINERY 
 
 12 MACH. ANNEX 
 
 13 MUSIC PAVILION 
 
 14 RESTAURANTS 
 
 15 JAPAN 
 
 16 CANADA 
 
 17 POWER HOUSE 
 
 18 STATES 
 
 19 MICHIGAN 
 
 20 FORESTRY 
 
 21 OREGON 
 
 22 WASHINGTON 
 
 23 .\EW YORK 
 
 24 NATURAL 
 
 AMPHITHEATRE 
 
 25 CHICAGO 
 
 26 CALIFORNIA 
 
 27 MISSOURI 
 
 28 ARCTIC BROTH'D 
 
 29 CHEHALIS 
 
 30 SPOKANE 
 
 31 HOSPITAL 
 
 32 PHILIPPINES 
 :^3 POWER HOUSE 
 
 34 FIRE STATION 
 
 35 GOV'T OPEN AIR 
 
 36 WOMEN 
 
 37 SERVICE 
 
 38 ADMINISTRATION 
 
 39 AUDITORIUM 
 
 40 FINE ARTS 
 
 41 IDAHO 
 
 42 LAKE ENTRANCES 
 
 43 U. S. LIFE SAVING 
 
 44 MAIN ENTRANCE 
 
 45 R. R. STATION
 
 LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 PASSENGER AND EMIGRATION DEPARTMENTS 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 
 ATLANTA, GA 16 North Pryor St J. J. Gartner Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 BELLINGHAM, WASH.. .1222 Dock St A. N. Bussing. .City Frt. & Pass'r Agent 
 
 BILLINGS, MONT Station J. E. Spurling General Agent 
 
 BOSTON, MASS 207 Old South Bldg. .C. E. Poster Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y 215 Ellicott Square. . .Wm. G. Mason Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 BUTTE, MONT N. W. Cor. Park and 
 
 Main Sts W. H. Merriman, Div. Frt.& Pass'r Agt. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL 208 S. Clark St C. A. Matthews . . Gen'l Agt. Pass'r Dept. 
 
 J. C. Thompson Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 J. L. Daugherty, Trav. Emigration Agent 
 CINCINNATI, OHIO 40 East Fourth St Geo. T. Foyes Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 L. J. Bricker . .Trav. Emigration Agent 
 
 DES MOINES, lA 212-214 Century Bldg. E. D. Rockwell Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 DETROIT, MICH 423 Majestic Bldg W. H. Whitaker Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 DULUTH, MINN 334 W. Superior St. . . J. I. Thomas General Agent 
 
 J. T. McKenney City Pass'r Agent 
 
 EVERETT, WASH 2825 Colby Ave CO. Martin General Agent 
 
 FARGO, N. D Station J. E. Johnson Agent 
 
 HELENA, MONT Main and Grand Sts. E S. Richards General Agent 
 
 C. W. MERRiLiES.Trav. Frt. & Pass'r Agt. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, IND 42 Jackson Place W. E. Smith Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 LEWISTON, IDAHO 320 Main St W. J. Jordan General Agent 
 
 LOS ANGELES, CAL 545 South Spring St. .Geo. W. McCaskby General Agent 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WIS ] ^^^Ex ''fildg^^^ [ . . M. E. Harlan Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN 19 Nicollet Blk G. F. McNeill City Pass'r Agent 
 
 MONTREAL, QUE Imp.Bk.BgSt.JamesStG. W. Hardisty, Dist. Pass'r & Frt. Agt. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 319 Broadway W. F. Mershon. .Gen'l Agt. Pass'r Dept. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PENN..711 Chestnut St P. W. Pummill Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 PITTSBURG, PENN 305 Park Building C. E. Brison Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 PORTLAND, ORE 255 Morrison St A. D. Charlton, Asst. Gen. Pass'r Agent 
 
 PT. TOWNSEND, WASH. . 402 Water St W. L. Clark Agent 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. . .685 Market St T. K. Stateler, Gen'l Agt. Pass'r Dept. 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH 1st Ave. & Yesler Way A. Tinling General Agent 
 
 J. O. McMullen City Pass'r Agent 
 
 SPOKANE WASH Riverside & Howard ..H.N. Kennedy General Agent 
 
 Lee M. Conry Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 W. H. Ude City Pass'r Agent 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MO 306 Missouri Trust BgD. B. Gardner Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 ST. PAUL MINN 5th and Robert Sts.. .C. P. O'Donnell City Pass'r Agent 
 
 4th and Broadway . . .C. L. Townsend Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 L. P. Gellerman . . . .Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 • G. A. Mitchell, Asst. Gen'l Pass'r Agent 
 
 J. C. Poore Asst. Gen'l Pass'r Agent 
 
 SUPERIOR, WIS 817 Tower Ave W. H. Mitchell Agent 
 
 TACOMA, WASH 925 Pacific Ave C. B. Foster City Pass'r Agent 
 
 Webb F. Sater Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 VANCOUVER, B. C 430 Hastings St H. Swinford General Agent 
 
 VICTORIA, B. C Yates & Gov't Sts. . . . E. E. Blackwood General Agent 
 
 WALLACE, IDAHO Station C. R. Lonergan Agent 
 
 WALLA WALLA, WASH. .3 East Main St S. B. Calderhead General Agent 
 
 WINNIPEG, MAN 341 Main St W. C. Hartnett General Agent 
 
 J. G. WOODWORTH A. M. CLELAND C. W. MOTT 
 
 Traffic Manager General Passenger Agent Gen'l Emigration Agent 
 
 ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 
 Reprint 50 M 0-OQ.
 
 INVESTIGATE THESE 
 
 Choice Locations 
 
 on your trip to the 
 ALASKA-YUKON- PACIFIC EXPOSITION 
 
 Seize the Opportunity 
 
 Presented by the low fares to the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Expo- 
 sition — Seattle June 1 to October 16, 1909 — to see the Country. 
 
 Eastern Washington 
 
 Is a great WHEAT BELT. Soil and climate combine to 
 produce enormous yields of golden grain. Valuable irrigation 
 projects producing delicious fruits. 
 
 Yakima Valley 
 
 The land of the BIG RED APPLE produces luscious Peaches, 
 Pears, Plums, Apricots, Cherries, Grapes. Apples — all fruits 
 except Citrus. 
 
 Puyallup Valley — White River Valley 
 
 Between Tacoma and Seattle produce HUNDREDS OF 
 THOUSANDS of dollars' worth of Raspberries, Blackberries, 
 Hops, and Vegetables annually. 
 
 Montana 
 
 Yellowstone, Gallatin and Bitterroot Valleys offer great 
 opportunities for the home-seeker. 
 
 The Cut-Over Timber Lands 
 
 North of Seattle grow prodigious crops of Grasses, the year 
 •round and form ideal DAIRY and POULTRY farms. 
 
 These Lands are all Low Priced 
 
 The Cities, Mines and Timber Camps, and Alaska form 
 GOOD AND STABLE MARKETS. 
 
 For Literature and other Information, address 
 C. W. MOTT, General Emigration Agent 
 
 St. Paul Minn.
 
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