\ U. S/ DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 
 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 
 
 A 
 
 a; 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 4 i 
 
 7 i 
 2 I 
 
 1 = 
 1 
 
 5 1 
 
 6 = 
 
 ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner 
 
 / 
 
 
 Eft. 
 
 T* 
 
 ; X 
 
 ' rn 
 ■■ 33 
 
 TENTATIVE 
 
 QUANTITY AND COST 
 
 BUDGET 
 
 NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN A FAMILY OF 
 
 FIVE IN WASHINGTON, D. C, AT 
 
 A LEVEL OF HEALTH 
 
 AND DECENCY 
 
 (Prices secured in August, 1919) ^ v.'^^\38»^ 
 
 iversity of Califorc 
 
 Southern Regional 
 
 Library Facility 
 
 S 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1019
 
 i 
 
 4
 
 9ni 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Introductory note '. 4 
 
 Part I. — Quantity and cost budget necessary to maintain a family of five in 
 
 Washington, D. C, at a level of health and decency 5-14 
 
 Summary 5-7 
 
 The co-^t of a budget level not necessarily a fixed money cost 7-10 
 
 Summary of budget 10, 11 
 
 Itemized details of budget 11-14 
 
 Part II . — Detailed data upon which budget is baaed 15-44 
 
 I. Food 15-18 
 
 II. Clothing 18-36 
 
 III. Housing, fuel, and light 37-39 
 
 IV. Miscellaneous expenses 39-44 
 
 Appendix A . — (Joet of food 45-49 
 
 Ai»i>endix B. — RentH of houses and ay)artments in all sections of Washington, 
 
 1 ' . 50-58 
 
 Ayji)ondix C. — Cost of upkeep of furniture and furnisluiigs 59-64 
 
 Ai)!>endix D. — MisrellaneouH items 65-68 
 
 Ajipendix E. — Extent to which actual cost of (juautity budget may be lees than 
 
 market coet 69-76 
 
 3
 
 November It, 1919. 
 rNTRODUCTORY NOTE, 
 PRICE CHANGES SINCE AUGUST, 181*. 
 
 The cost data cited in this budget were obtained in August. Since that time 
 prices of most commodities have changed. The information regarding such changee 
 is noi complete, as no complete survey has been made since August. In certain 
 cases, however, the changes are known: 
 
 Street-car /ares. — Street-car faree have been increased from a flat 5-cent rate, with a 
 2-<ent charge for transfers, to a minimum of 6i-cent rate, when tickets are purchased, 
 or a 7-cent rate for a single fare, with free intracompany transfers and a charge of 2 
 cents for intercompany transfers. This budget was computed on the basis of a 6-cent 
 fare, disregarding transfers. The increase to 6J cents as a minimum fare would in- 
 crease the necessary allowance for street-car fare from 5145 to T5fi."25 per year. 
 
 Rents. — The indications are that rents have increased from 10 per cent to 25 per cent 
 ednce August, 1919. The data on this point are incomplete, but assuming a minimum 
 increase of 10 per cent, the rent allowance in this budsi;et would be increased from 
 $300 to $330. 
 
 Food. — Retail prices of food in Washington, according to the figures of the Bureau 
 of T-abor Statistics fsee Monthly T.abor Review of October and November, 1919), 
 were 2 per cent lower in October than in August This would decrease the food 
 allowance in the budget from $773.93 to $758.46. 
 
 The result of these price changes (disregarding, for lack of data, other possible 
 changes) would make tlie Ortober, 191!t. cost of this budget $2,288.25, as against 
 $2,2f;2 47 in Auguat, an increase of $25.78. 
 4
 
 PART I.— TENTATIVE QUANTITY AND COST BUDGET NECESSARY TO 
 
 MAINTAIN A FAMILY OF FIVE IN WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 AT A LEVEL OF HEALTH AND DECENCY. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 This report presents the results of a study made by the United 
 States Bureau of Labor Statistics to determine the cost of maintain- 
 ing the family of a Government employee in Washington at a level 
 of health and decency. This involved two inquiries: (1) The estab- 
 lishing of a "quantity budget," i. e., the number or quantity of 
 the various things necessary to maintain the living level referred to ; 
 and (2) the ascertaining of the total cost of such a budget at the 
 prices prevailing in Washington at the present time (August, 1919). 
 
 DIFFICULTY OF ESTABLISHING A PROPER BUDGET LEVEL. 
 
 Previous studi( s of the subject have analyzed the conception of a 
 budget level and have distinguished several levels. Some of the 
 more important of these are as follows : 
 
 (a) TTie pauper or j)Overty level. — This represents roughly a standard 
 of living just above where famili( s receive aid from charity or where 
 they run into serious debt. 
 
 (6) The minimvm of svhsistence level. — This is liased essentially on 
 mere animal existence and allows little or nothing for the needs of 
 jiK'n as social crcatun s. 
 
 (c) The minitionn oi health and cmnfort level. — Tliis represents a 
 slightly higher level than tliat of subsistence, providing not only for 
 the material needs of food, shelter, and body covering, but also for 
 c<Ttain comforts, such as clothing sidlicient for Ixxlily conifort and to 
 maintain the wearer's instinct of self-respect and decency, some in- 
 surance against the more important jiiisfortunes — <U'ath, (h8a])ility, 
 and fire — good education for the chil(h"en, some annisejnent, and some 
 expenditures for s<lf-dcv('lo|)jni'nt. 
 
 Inasmuch as thr prijiiary aijn of this study was to furnish infonnn- 
 tion for nsc by th(( Joint Commission of Congress on Jleclassification 
 of Salaries, tiio minimum of health, decency, and comfort was kept in 
 mind in detennining the qiiiuitity budget and in selecting qualities 
 and ascertaining prices of articles of the budget. (Mearly neither a 
 pauper budget level nor a jnere snbsistenc^') level should or conld be 
 B^ibmitted. But, when the effort was jiiade to go further than this, 
 to detenninr' a level above mere subsistence but not so higji as t(» l»e 
 unreaaonablu for the purpos*- for which it was to be used, serious diili- 
 
 5
 
 PART I. — QUANTITY AND COST BUDGET — FAMILY OF FIVE. 
 
 ciiltios arose. Part of the difficulty was a juattor of torminology. 
 Plirasi'S such as '' a comfort level" or a "level of reasonable comfort" 
 an> by no means clear cut, and much discussion can arise as to 
 just what particTilar "comforts" should be included. 
 
 BUDGET LEVEL USED IN THIS STUDY. 
 
 Finally, after long consideration, it was decided to use as a working 
 basis a budget level which can be best expressed perhaps by the phrase 
 "a standard of health and decency." This phrase is not entirely 
 precise in meaning. No phrase of the kind can very well be wholly 
 satisfactory. The budget herewith suggested is intended to give to the 
 average family, consisting of husband, wife, and three children below 
 the age of 14 years— 
 
 (1) A sufficiency of nourishing food for the maintenance of health, 
 particularly the children's health; 
 
 (2) Housing in low-rent neighborhoods and within the smallest 
 possible number of rooms consistent with decency, but with sufficient 
 light, heat, and toilet facilities for the maintenance of health and 
 decency; 
 
 (3) The upkeep of household equipment, such as kitchen utensils, 
 bedding, and linen, necessary for health, but with no provision for the 
 purchase of additional furniture; 
 
 (4) Clothing sufficient for warmth, of a sufficiently good quality to 
 be economical, but with no further regard for appearance and style 
 than is necessary to permit the family members to appear in public and 
 within their rather narrow social circle without slovenliness or loss of 
 self-respect. 
 
 (5) A surplus over the above expenditures which would permit of 
 only a minimum outlay for such necessary demands as — 
 
 (a) Street car fares to and from work and necessary rides to 
 
 stores and markets; 
 (6) The keeping up of a modest amoimt of insurance; 
 
 (c) Medical and dental care ; 
 
 (d) Contributions to churches and labor or beneficial organiza- 
 
 tions; 
 («) Simple amusements, such as the moving pictures once in 
 
 a while, occasional street car rides for pleasure, some 
 
 Christmas gifts for the children, etc.; 
 (f) Daily newspaper. 
 
 THE STANDAKD FAMILY. 
 
 This budget has been worked out for a family consisting of hus- 
 band, wife, and three dependent children — a boy of 11, a girl of 5, 
 and a boy of 2 years of age. The number in the f.'imily and the ages of 
 the children conform closely to the standards used by the Bureau of
 
 SUMMAKY. 7 
 
 Labor Statistics and other investigators in the past. The determin- 
 ing factor in selecting the standard family, however, was the fact 
 that a family of this particular size and composition represents actual 
 existing families in the United States. The average number in the 
 white families scheduled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was 4.9 
 individuals (equivalent to 3.33 adult males), which corresponds very 
 closely with the standard family of 5 individuals (equivalent to 3.35 
 adult males). The assumption that the three children of the family 
 are, respectively, a boy aged 2 years, a girl aged 5 years, and a boy 
 aged 11 years, is, of course, arbitrary and is solely for the purpose 
 of making precise calculations as to food and clothing consumption. 
 The children in this standard family are growing children, not yet 
 able to add anything to the familv income, and not so expensive to 
 maintain as they will become a few years later. This standard 
 family is about half way between the family with no children and 
 the family with grown children capable of self-support. 
 
 BTTDGET OF HEALTH AND DECENCY NOT INTENDED AS AN IDEAL. 
 
 It needs to be emphasized that the budget level adopted in the 
 present study is in no way intended as an ideal budget. It was 
 intended to establish a bottom level of health and decency below 
 which a family can not go without danger of physical and moral 
 deterioration. This budget does not include m;iny comforts which 
 should be inchnled in a proper "American standard of livinii;. " 
 Thus no pro\nsion is directly made for savings other than insurance, 
 nor for vacations, nor for books and other educational purposes. 
 
 On the other hand, a family with the items listed in this budget 
 should be able to maintain itself in health and modest comfort. 
 It would have a sufliciency of food, respectable clothing, sanitary 
 housing, and a minimum of fju> essential "simdries. " 
 
 THE COST OF A BUDGET LEVEL NOT NECESSARILY A FIXED 
 
 MONEY COST. 
 
 The annual expense of mnintnining the budget level above de- 
 scribetl may be arrivccl at l»y obtaining and totaling the current 
 prices on each of \]w individunl items enlciing into the l)udget. 
 Tliia has been done as part of the present study and a total figure 
 arrived at which measures the annual money eost of all the budgetary 
 items at the prices now prevailing in Wtishington, D. C. 
 
 It is highly important to note, however, that the maintenance of 
 jiving on the level indicated does not necessarily require the receipt 
 of an annual income of precisely this amount. Tliis is so for several 
 reasons. Tlius, the family here used as a basis of computation is 
 one consisting of husband, wife, an^l three dependent children, 11, 
 5, an<l 2 years old. A newly mnii ifd ronple does not stnrt house- 
 keeping with a family of 3 ciiildreu. It is Jissunicd that belore mar-
 
 8 PART I. QUANTITY AND COST BUDGET — FAMILY OF FIVE. 
 
 riniro and in tJio early years of marriag^e savings will have been aeeu- 
 mnlated eith(>r in the form of money savings, household equipment, 
 or partinl ownei"ship of a home. These accumulations must bo 
 depended upon to tide the family over the period when the children 
 become the greatest burden, just before the oldest one is able to earn 
 his own support in whole or in large part. This budget assumes the 
 existence of an equipment of household turniture, as it is generally 
 true that married couples do purchase the major part of their house- 
 hold furniture either at marriage or shortly tliereafter. If the family 
 has savings invested, the family income is supplemented by the 
 amount of interest received; if the house is owned the cost of the 
 budget level here provided for would be reduced by the saving in the 
 expenditure for rent. Another factor tending to reduce the cost of 
 the budget below the market cost of the individual items is tlie 
 extraordinary ingenuity of most families in economizing, particularly 
 when the need for the closest economy is regarded as only of tempo- 
 rary duration. This ingenuity expresses itself in Bfiany way?;, and, 
 for the most part, ways which a budget study such as the present one 
 can not specify or estimate. The average housewife is not a perfect 
 cook, a perfect seamstress, or a perfect "shopper,'' nor does slie 
 have time, even if she has the ability, to attain 100 per cent efru-iency 
 in cooking, tailoring, shopping, and the many other skilled trades 
 which slie must practice as time and capacity permit. On the other 
 hand, almost every housewife does possess certain a])ilities along one 
 or more lines and by the exercise thereof is able to reduce expendi- 
 tui'cs along these lines to below the average. However, no housewife 
 ca,n reasonably be expected to perform more than one miracle of 
 domestic economy each day. 
 
 In many families the husband and even the children are able to 
 contribute certain services — such as marketing, housework, repairs 
 of household — which may reduce the need for actual money expendi- 
 ture or may permit the housewife to do a greater amount of sewing, 
 such as the making over of garments. 
 
 In these and many other w ays, families are often — it might even 
 be said usually— able to maintain a decent standard of living at a 
 a somewhat lesser cost than the market prices of the budgetary 
 items. Clearly these economies can be effected only at considerable 
 sacrifiee of time and convenicsnee and the possibilities of such econo- 
 mif*8 are often greatly overestimated. The not infrequent criticism 
 of standards of living studies that families do actually live on smaller 
 incomes than those indicated is, in itself, not a valid criticism. P'amilies 
 may and do Jive, although underfed, underclothed, unhealthily housed, 
 overworked, especially the wife and mother, and deprived, particularly 
 the children, of many things essential to the development of healthy 
 and useful citizens.
 
 BUDGET LEVEL NOT NECESSARILY A FIXED MONEY COST. 9 
 
 POSSIBLE ECONOMIES. 
 
 Recognizing, for the reasons just mentioned, that a family may 
 obtain certain items of the quantity budget here submitted at a less 
 expense than indicated by the total cost of the items at current 
 market prices, the very pertinent question then arises as to the possi- 
 ble extent of the saving which may be thereby efTected. This of course 
 can not be determined ^^'ith precision. But it can be determined 
 v-ith sufficient accuracy to indicate the extent to which the cost 
 of the budget at market prices may be cut by a family which is thrifty 
 as well as economical, which is fortunate in escaping unexpected 
 expenses and avoiding bad bargains, and in which the house^^dfe is 
 ph^'sically strong and is highly intelligent in purchasing supplies and 
 in the management of the home. The most satisfactory method of 
 arriving at such an estimate is to take up each item of the budget 
 in order and consider the possible ways in wliich economies may be 
 efTected. This is done in detail in Appendix E. Here it is sufficient 
 to present in summary form the conclusions there arrived at. 
 
 Food. — The food prices used in this budget are average prices of a 
 large number of stores in what are commonly regarded as low-pricod 
 neighborhoods and represent quite accurately the prices paid by the 
 average family living in such neighborhoods. The only practicable 
 methods of "cutting" these prices are: (1) To be able to purchase each 
 commodity at its lowest price; (2) to buy in bulk— such as canned 
 vegetables by the dozen cans ; (3) to buy seasonal foodstuffs only during 
 the period when their pricc^s are lowest. There are obvious diffirulti(^s 
 in the practical application of these mothoda, but if carried out to 
 their extreme food might be purchased at a saving of possibly 7^ 
 per cent on average markc^t prices. 
 
 Cloildrif). — The clothing prices fisted in the budget are the lowest 
 price quotations prevailing in the stores in August-September, 191'.>. 
 Special sales were taken into consideration, but obviously the investi- 
 gation could not cover a sufficiently long period to take in all tlie 
 bargain and spefial sales of the year. By consistently following such 
 sales a family might effect an appn^ciable saving in the coiu*8e of u 
 year. Also, by consistently "making over" the outgrown or out- 
 worn garments of one member of the family for the use of another 
 member, a further saving in the cU)thing cost might be efTeet(ul. 
 The present budget oIIowh for considerubhi " mukiiig over" of clothf^s, 
 hnt not for carrying the practice to the extreme length to which it 
 might conceivably be f-Mrriod, for the reason that (his wouhl place 
 heavy additional labor upon a houso\\'ifo who is already very seri- 
 ously burdened with duties. 
 
 By these \yro methods —buying consistently at bargain sales and 
 by "making over "nil giirments physically eapnble of bcMng made 
 over a family might effect a total saving on the clothing biU of 
 141216°— 19 2
 
 10 PART I. — QUANTITY AND COST BUDGET — FAMILY OF FIVE. 
 
 perhaps 10 per cent, without lowering the clothing staudarda allowed 
 for in the budget. 
 
 n<yitsing. — House rents are not completely standardized. Rents 
 vary considerably for houses of identical character. This budge^t 
 has used as a minimum the approximate average rent of a large 
 group of small houses in low -rent neighborhoods. With exceptional 
 good fortune, a family miglit obtain a house at a 10 per cent lower 
 rent than that allowed in the budget, although the chances would be 
 equally strong that it would have to pay more than the amount 
 allowed in the budget. In any case, the maximum saving on this 
 it(Mn could not well exceed 10 per cent. 
 
 Sundries. — The amounts allowed for sundries in the budget can 
 not well be cut by the average family without lowering its level of 
 hving below the standard of health and decency. In a few items, 
 however, an exceptionally fortunate or weU-situated family might 
 be able to effect certain savings. Thus, this budget allows for car 
 fare to and f^om work, on the theory that a considerable number of 
 employees must, of necessity, under the housing conditions now exist- 
 ing, live at a distance from their place of work. If, however, a family 
 lives, or is able to obtain a home, within walking distance of the 
 husband's place of work, this item of expense would of course be 
 eliminated. In this and other ways it is estimated that a family 
 favored by circumstances may be able to obtain the essential " sun- 
 dries" at a saving of possibly S107. 50 in this budget. 
 
 STJMMABY OF BUDGET. 
 
 Cost of quantity budget at market prices. 
 
 I. Food 1778.98 
 
 II. Clothing: 
 
 Hufiband $121.16 
 
 Wife 166.46 
 
 Boy (11 years) 96. 60 
 
 Girl (5 years) 82.50 
 
 Boy (2 years) 47.00 
 
 513. 72 
 
 TIT. Housing, fuel, and light 428.00 
 
 IV. Miscellaneous 546.82 
 
 Total budget at market prices 2, 262. 47 
 
 Possible saving upon market cost by a family of extreme thrift, of high 
 intplligonce, great industry in shopping, good fortune in purchamng at 
 lowest pricf'B, and in which the wife is able to do a maximum amount of 
 home work: 
 
 - I. Food (7^ per cent) $58.04 
 
 II. Clothing (10 per cent) 51.37 
 
 III. Hou.«ing :W. 00 
 
 IV. Miscellaneous 107. 50 
 
 Total economies 246. 91 
 
 Total budget minus economies 2,015. 56
 
 SUMMARY OF BUDGET. 
 
 11 
 
 Samngs. — No provision is made in this budget for savings, other 
 than the original cost of household furniture and efjuipment, which 
 would average about 81,000 in value. No definite estimate, of 
 course, can be made as to the amount which a low-salaried Govern- 
 ment employee should be expected to save. But an average saving 
 of 12^ per cent of yearly salary during an employee's single and 
 early married life would seem to be the maximum which could be 
 expected. O^er a period of, say, 15 years this would result in a 
 total accumulation of about ?2,000. Assuming 81,000 of this to 
 be invested in household equipment, there would be a net sum of 
 ?1,000 available for investment m a home or in other direct income- 
 producing form. In any case, it would represent an annual income 
 of approximately SoO per year. 
 
 ITEMIZED DETAILS OF BUDGET. 
 I. FOOD. 
 
 -:-^ — : — 
 
 Item. 
 
 Unit of 
 
 usual 
 
 purchase. 
 
 Weekly 
 
 quantity 
 
 per fainilv 
 
 of 3..S5 ■ 
 
 equivalent 
 
 adult 
 
 males. 
 
 Weekly 
 ca;t. 
 
 Beef and veal, fresh' 
 
 Pound 
 
 do 
 
 1.35 
 
 .38 
 
 .71 
 
 1.03 
 
 .00 
 
 ..52 
 
 .66 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.31 
 
 8.80 
 
 .00 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.87 
 
 .38 
 
 .19 
 
 .78 
 
 3.13 
 
 .68 
 
 1.10 
 
 7.50 
 
 1.2:) 
 
 9.60 
 
 .85 
 
 2.21 
 
 7.71 
 
 .70 
 
 .95 
 
 10.89 
 
 .84 
 
 1.83 
 
 $1.61 
 
 Bwf,salt» 
 
 .14 
 
 Pork,fre.sh» 
 
 do 
 
 .38 
 
 Pork, salt, including smoked ham and bacon i 
 
 do 
 
 .53 
 
 Mnttoni... . . 
 
 do 
 
 .22 
 
 Poultry I 
 
 do 
 
 .21 
 
 Other meat, including sausage, dried tjcef, etc' 
 
 do 
 
 .25 
 
 Fish and other .sea food ' 
 
 do 
 
 .39 
 
 Eivs 
 
 Dozen 
 
 .79 
 
 Milk, sweet, and buttermilk ' 
 
 Quiirt 
 
 1.35 
 
 Cn im 
 
 I'iiit 
 
 Pound 
 
 ... .do 
 
 .02 
 
 .\' 1 k . condcn.sed 
 
 .25 
 
 Hiiif^r and oleomargarine 
 
 1.18 
 
 CI . ...* 
 
 do. ....... 
 
 .19 
 
 Tea 
 
 .do. . ... 
 
 15 
 
 C'>i\c and sul>stitute« 
 
 ... .do 
 
 .41 
 
 f^Ti ,r 
 
 do 
 
 .34 
 
 V <inip and honov 
 
 do 
 
 .12 
 
 1 , ■ ■, .'N 
 
 do 
 
 41 
 
 I lour 
 
 do. ....... 
 
 .60 
 
 Cf >m meal 
 
 do. ....... 
 
 .07 
 
 Brif id ' 
 
 do 
 
 1.01 
 
 1<1(T . 
 
 ..flO 
 
 .14 
 
 ( 1 
 
 do 
 
 .33 
 
 1 - 
 
 do 
 
 .70 
 
 1 • nd cnniied 
 
 . . .do 
 
 .18 
 
 P(illlltH-.i 
 
 Peck 
 
 .71 
 
 Oi Ikt \ I'lretables, frt-jih and dried 
 
 Pound 
 
 .do 
 
 .88 
 
 Other vegctrtbles, canned 
 
 .21 
 
 Otlirr food * 
 
 do 
 
 .66 
 
 
 
 
 Weekly total 
 
 • 11.56 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yrnrly total 
 
 • 7.Vi. !13 
 
 Ice 
 
 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 773.09 
 
 
 
 
 
 I Total meat and fl.ih eqiiivnlent to 1.37 poimdji j>er dnv. 
 
 ' Kqulvalent to 1.27 quarts of milk per da v. 
 
 • Kqulvalent to 1 .38 pound loAve.1 of bread p««r day. 
 
 < Ineliidlntr crackers, cake. pl«i, Ice crwim, cnndy, Jelly, oil, chocolate, pennnt butter, coco*, nutji, gelatin, 
 opil "nnned -oiii'. 
 
 ■ The weekly qtiantlty t)nd(f«<t ha" hmn drnfiwl from I ho ynar's budget, which oxplain< the Blight dif- 
 ference in cost between the weekly total and the yearly total.
 
 12 PART I. — QUANTITY AND COST BUDGKT — FAMILY OF FIVH. 
 
 n. CLOTHING. 
 
 Articles of olothing. 
 
 HUSBAND. 
 
 Ilat.folt 
 
 Hat , straw 
 
 Suit, winter (wool) 
 
 Suit, summer (wool) 
 
 Overcoat 
 
 Raincoat 
 
 Shirts, cotton ; 
 
 Union suit, summer 
 
 Union suit, winter (part wool). 
 
 Pajiimas 
 
 Socks, cotton 
 
 Shoes: 
 
 High 
 
 Low 
 
 Shoe repairing: 
 
 Whole soles 
 
 Half soles, including neel.. 
 
 Rubbers 
 
 Gloves, kid 
 
 Collars 
 
 Ties 
 
 Handkerchiels 
 
 Garters 
 
 Belt 
 
 Suspenders 
 
 Um orella 
 
 Cleaning, pressing 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total. 
 
 ■WIFE. 
 
 Summer clothivg. 
 
 Hat 
 
 Wash skirt 
 
 Waists, cotton (to be made at home) 
 
 WaLst, dress 
 
 DrL'i,ses, ootton, thin (to be made at home).... 
 Underwear (sepaniti- garments or union suits). 
 
 Petticoat, cotton, muslin 
 
 Shoes, low 
 
 Gloves, cotton 
 
 WiiUer ctothivo- 
 
 Hat 
 
 Suit, wool 
 
 Dress, wool sf^rge 
 
 Coat, wool 
 
 Pet* ' 'k cotton 
 
 Ur .nion suit, pari 
 
 8h. 
 
 Gloves, icid 
 
 . ool I. 
 
 Year-TOuiM clothing. 
 
 House dresses 
 
 Aprrm, kltchiTi 
 
 Cors^'t fRtan'lard make). 
 
 Cor 
 
 R; 
 
 Nit. ■.!.-,-.. 
 
 Kimono 
 
 Stoc^ines. fotton 
 
 Sh.y '; 
 
 H: 
 
 Um:il' II ; 
 
 Rubbers 
 
 Cleaning and pressing 
 
 MiscclLineous V 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 $4.00 
 
 2.0(J 
 
 40. 00 
 
 40.00 
 
 40. 0(^ 
 
 16.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 3.50 
 
 2.50 
 
 .,50 
 
 7.50 
 7.50 
 
 3.50 
 
 2.50 
 
 1.25 
 
 3.00 
 
 .25 
 
 .50 
 
 .26 
 
 .36 
 
 1.50 
 
 .75 
 
 4.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 Total. 
 
 7.50 
 5.00 
 2.50 
 7. .50 
 5.00 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 8.50 
 1.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 5.3.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 9.50 
 
 2.60 
 
 3.00 
 .GO 
 
 6.00 
 .85 
 .50 
 
 1.50 
 
 4.50 
 .65 
 
 .40 
 3.00 
 
 .25 
 3.00 
 1..V) 
 3.00 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly ( ost. 
 
 6 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 h 
 I 
 12" 
 
 3 
 
 K 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 J2. 00 
 
 •J. (HI 
 
 20.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 10. 00 
 
 2.50 
 
 10.00 
 
 4.50 
 
 3.50 
 
 2.60 
 
 6.00 
 
 7.60 
 3.78 
 
 3^50 
 
 2.50 
 
 .03 
 
 1.50 
 
 3.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.00 
 
 .70 
 
 .50 
 
 .75 
 
 1..33 
 
 6.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 121. 19 
 
 7.50 
 2.50 
 7.50 
 .3.75 
 10.00 
 3.00 
 2.00 
 8.50 
 1.00 
 
 .5.00 
 
 ;2fi. .50 
 
 12. .50 
 
 If). tiC 
 
 3.f)0 
 
 3.00 
 
 9.50 
 
 1.36 
 
 6.00 
 .00 
 6.00 
 2.56 
 1.00 
 3.00 
 2.26 
 6.20 
 
 1.20 
 3.00 
 2.00 
 1.00 
 1.60 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 
 160. 48
 
 ITEMIZED DETAILS OF BUDGET, 
 n. CLOTHING— Continued. 
 
 13 
 
 Article of clothing. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly cost. 
 
 BOY, 11 YEAKS OF AGE. 
 
 Cans or h&ts • 
 
 SI. 00 
 
 16.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 12.50 
 
 t;.(X) 
 
 -1.25 
 
 1..10 
 
 1.00 
 
 3.H0 
 
 1.00 
 
 .60 
 
 5.(X) 
 
 3.(X) 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 .50 
 
 .25 
 
 .50 
 
 .10 
 
 .25 
 
 .60 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 1 
 2 
 i 
 
 1^ 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 2 
 5 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 i 
 
 S2.00 
 
 Ruit wool ... ....... .......... 
 
 16.00 
 
 Pants, separate, wool (winter) 
 
 3.00 
 
 Pflnts. RftnarftTA. wool anri not f on ^siimmt^r'^ 
 
 4.00 
 
 Overcoat 
 
 6.25 
 
 Sweater 
 
 3.00 
 
 0\ eralla 
 
 1.25 
 
 Shirts or blouses, cotton 
 
 Summer underwear (imion suits) 
 
 5.75 
 3.00 
 6.00 
 
 Pajamas or nightshirts 
 
 2.00 
 
 Stockines 
 
 7.20 
 
 Shoes: 
 
 High 
 
 15.00 
 
 Low 
 
 6.00 
 
 Shoe renairint' ("whole solos ) 
 
 10.0!) 
 
 Rubbers 
 
 1.00 
 
 Gloves or mittens 
 
 1.00 
 
 Collars 
 
 .75 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 Handkerchiefs 
 
 .60 
 
 Ganors 
 
 .50 
 
 Belt 
 
 .30 
 
 Uiscrllaneoim ......... 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 96.(50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.00 
 
 2.00 
 5.00 
 2.25 
 
 f.. 00 
 
 1.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 1.00 
 1.50 
 
 .75 
 
 1.50 
 1.5d 
 
 1.00 
 
 \■^.^ 
 
 .40 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 .K5 
 
 .50 
 
 .10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 la 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 a 
 
 5.00 
 
 Cap or hat, winter: 
 
 } 2.00 
 
 Hat 
 
 
 13. 50 
 
 Dress wool f to be made at home) . . 
 
 3.00 
 
 Anron ^to bo made at home) 
 
 1.00 
 
 Coat 
 
 7.50 
 
 
 2.0.) 
 
 Cotton petticoats: 
 
 2.00 
 
 ^ Jilting fljiimol 
 
 1.50 
 
 .Shirts 
 
 1.50 
 
 Drawers rniislln 
 
 1..'.0 
 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 a. 00 
 
 
 3.00 
 
 Nfe 111 dresses: 
 
 \f uslin 
 
 1.00 
 
 ' jiitlnir flannel 
 
 1.2-. 
 
 
 4. so 
 
 iho ■< 
 
 12.00 
 
 
 9.00 
 
 
 .85 
 
 Mjtloria 
 
 .60 
 
 
 .00 
 
 
 .60 
 
 
 a. 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 82.60 
 
 Flnt-s or caps: 
 
 .50 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 12 (K) 
 
 :}, .'.(» 
 
 .50 
 .30 
 .«") 
 
 l.mi 
 
 l.()0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 * 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 .60 
 
 
 .75 
 
 J)r<;tspa, cotton .stilU, rompers, overfllls, etc. (to be made at home).. 
 () • pfcoat .•.•••-...•......-..• .• 
 
 8.00 
 0.00 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 Sir >Tner undprwpar: 
 
 1.60 
 
 r^rawrr-i rtu s I fn •••••••....... ...«••.>>.. 
 
 .90 
 
 TTnHrru;! i I .,,,. 
 
 2.60 
 
 Winter und' r-.M-ar: 
 
 Undershirts - 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 2.00
 
 14 PART I. — QUANTITY AND COST BUDGET — FAMILY OF FIVB. 
 
 n. CLOTHING— Concluded. 
 
 Articles of clothing. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly cost. 
 
 BOY, 2 YEARS OF AGE — Concluded. 
 
 N'ightdrp<:<:es: 
 
 Muslin , 
 
 • "lutiiis; flannel 
 
 Stockings and socks, cotton. 
 
 Shoos: 
 
 High 
 
 I.o w (sandals) 
 
 Mittens ; — 
 
 • >nrti>r-! 
 
 Miscellaneoua.. 
 
 Total. 
 
 SI. 00 
 
 1. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 ti.no 
 
 1.2.". 
 3.0.) 
 
 7.01) 
 
 6.00 
 
 . .X.S 
 
 .50 
 
 1.00 
 
 47.00 
 
 m HOUSING, FUEL. AND LIGHT 
 
 (This item covets rent at $;«00 a year, and fuel and light at $128 a year.) 
 
 IV. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 $428.00 
 
 Upkeep of house, furniture, and furnishings. 
 
 Laundry work 
 
 Cleaning supplies and services 
 
 Hiallh .'.-•..- 
 
 Insurance: 
 
 (o) Life (disability) 
 
 (6) Furniture 
 
 Car fare: 
 
 Husband. 600 rides 
 
 ^Vile .iiid children, 30) rides 
 
 .\miisi>ment3 and recreation 
 
 Xo WSJ )ai)(Ts 
 
 Organisations: 
 
 (o) Church 
 
 (6) Labor 
 
 Incidentals 
 
 $70.00 
 
 104. 00 
 
 32. *Ji 
 
 KO. 00 
 
 110.00 
 1.50 
 
 30.00 
 15.00 
 20.00 
 
 X.40 
 
 13.00 
 10. 00 
 52. 00 
 
 640.82
 
 PART n.— DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 I. FOOD. 
 
 ESTABLISHED STANDARDS. 
 
 In the determination of a proper family dietary, there are two 
 standards which must be assumed at the beginning, (1) the scientifi- 
 cally established food requirement in calories per day, and (2) the com- 
 monly recognized unit of measure of the size of family in equivalent 
 adult males. 
 
 Various scientific students of food have estimated that the number 
 of calories needed by a man at moderately hard muscular work is 3,500 
 per day. A family usually wastes about 1 per cent of the caloric value 
 of food in preparation, cooking, etc., and also a small per cent of the 
 food which enters the mouth is not digested or assimilated. There- 
 fore, 3,500 calories purchased represents approximately 3,100 to 3,200 
 calories actually consumed by the body. The standard of 3,500 
 calories is for a man at moderately hard muscular work, and since 
 most Government clerks are engaged in ver>' light muscular labor the 
 3,100-3,200 calories would appear to be sufficient. On the other 
 hand, when Government employees are taken as a whole, and when 
 those who are engaged in moderately hard physical work in the 
 Government Printing Office and the Bureau of Engraving and Print- 
 ing are taken into consideration, the allowance of 3,500 calories 
 purcha.sed to yield 3,100-3,200 seems to be none too high. 
 
 The standard of a definite number of calories per man per day 
 makes it iioccssary to ascertain the food requirements of the other 
 members of the family and convert them into terms of a common unit 
 of measurement, namely the equivalent adult male. In order to make 
 precise calculations, the; following- food budget has been drawn 
 up on the basis of a family of 5- husi)an(l. wife, and 3 children, 
 boy, aged 11, girl, 5, and hoy, 2. According to the standard estab- 
 lished by the United States Bureau of Lal)or Statistics, taking the 
 calorie ref|uirement of a man as I.O, that of a woman is 0.9; u 
 boy of 11 years, 0.0; a girl of 5 years, 0.4; and a boy of 2 years, 0.15. 
 The combined food re<juir(!ments of this family, which is considered 
 an average-sized family and ha,s been taken as a normal family, wouhl 
 be equal to that of 3.35 adult males. 
 
 METHOD OF DETERMINING THE QUANTITY BUDGET. 
 
 The f|uantity food budget submitted here as representing the mini- 
 mum food rec|uirement« of a family of 5 was obtained by averaging 
 the actual amounts of food used by 2H0 selected families with three 
 
 15
 
 IG PART II. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 chiUlii'ii of about the a^es indicated. The families chosen from each 
 city averaged in size approximately 3.35 equivalent adult males, and 
 3,500 calories of food purchased per man per day. On further detailed 
 analysis, and by comparison Avith a recognized standard, the average 
 dietaiy of 3,500 calories thus obtained was found to consist of meat, 
 milk, vegetables, etc., in such proportions as to furnish the body in 
 a g(Mieral way with the necessary amounts of proteins, fats, carbo- 
 hydrates, mineral constituents, acids, and other substances necessary 
 for the maintenance of health. Following is a comparison of the food 
 allowance of this budget with the minimum standards generally 
 accepted by scientific students of the subject: 
 
 OUNCES OF FOOD CONSUMED PER MAN PER DAY. 
 
 
 Meat. 
 
 Fish. 
 
 Dair.- 
 prod- 
 ucts. 
 
 Mlllr. 
 
 Cereals. 
 
 Vege- 
 tables. 
 
 Fruits. 
 
 Fats. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Average Df2f!0 bmllies. 
 
 6.6 
 4 or 5 
 
 0.9 
 2 
 
 16.5 
 10 
 
 12.1 
 11 or 12 
 
 16.1 
 12 
 
 17.6 
 16 or 20 
 
 6.8 
 10 or 20 
 
 2.1 
 2 
 
 2.7 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 The 280 food budgets used in obtaining this average were selected 
 from family schedules collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 in the recent cost-of-living survey of the United States. These 
 schedules were taken in great detail, giving, among other things, the 
 amount of each article of food purchased for a year for each family 
 scheduled. The 280 budgets used in this detailed calorie analysis 
 were made up from about 25 cases from each of 11 representative 
 cities. 
 
 It would, of course, have been preferable to analyze in detail 280 
 food budgets collected from families in the District of Columbia, but 
 tlio time allowed for the present minimum budget prohil)ited any 
 such plan. It seems likely, however, that the average dietary here 
 presented is not far from correct. By taking an average of families 
 located over a considerable area, all local peculiarities and extreme 
 tastes should have been smoothed out. The applicability of this 
 average budget to the city of Washington is further substantiated 
 by the fact that the population here is unusually cosmopolitan, due 
 to the working of the apportioned civil service. 
 
 Another possibility would have been to use accepted standards as 
 a guide and construct a dietary composed of meats, vegetables, 
 milk, etc., which would meet the ideal requirements. This method, 
 however, would have been difficult, more or less arbitrary, and sub- 
 jcft to the criticism that it would not meet the actual desires and pe- 
 culiarities of people as they are. Of course the average dietary 
 has its obvious defects, and is not recommended as ideal. For 
 instance, it is highly desirable, from both an economical and a dietary 
 standpoint, for a family to secure its piotein by the use of more eggs
 
 FOOD. • 17 
 
 and less meat than the quantities used in the average budget. As 
 here presented, the food budget which has been arrived at is based 
 on what the experience of a large number of families in various 
 sections of the country shows to be a practical minimum for the 
 maintenance of health. That the selection of foodstuffs is prob- 
 ably as economical as is consistent with a fairly balanced diet is 
 indicated by the fact that the families whose dietaries are here used 
 were all workingmen's families in moderate circumstances. 
 
 FOOD PRICES. 
 
 The average quantities obtained for the standard budget were 
 priced on August 19, at various representative stores and markets, 
 and the average of these prices was used in computing the total cost 
 of the food. The stores visited were located in all parts of Washing- 
 ton, the majority being in the northwest section, both uptown and 
 df)wntown, and others in the northeast, southeast, and southwest 
 sections. Not less than twelve prices were secured on each article of 
 food, individual and average prices being shown in Appendix A. 
 
 A detailed list of all foods in the budget, quantities for a family 
 of 5, average unit prices, and total cost for the year also appears in 
 Appendix A. The weekly quantity budget computed at the average 
 ]>rices has been shown in the preceding summar}^. The weekly 
 total of .S14.55,' or S773.93 per year (when ice is included), for a 
 fi.mily of .3.35 adult mjdes, involves an expenditure for food of 0.633 
 cents pcT- man per day. 
 
 On fir.st sight, a cost per man per day of 0.()33 cents appeared liigh, 
 and, before inchiding tliis amount in the food budget, it was thought 
 best to check it from at least two other sources. The two used wove 
 (1) the cost of the Aimy ration at Wa.sliington barracks in August, 
 1019, and (2) the cost per man jxt day of food use<l by famili(»s of 
 Cjovernment woikers living in Washinglon. 
 
 Kiguics conii)iled })y the supply oflicc show that the daily cost of 
 the ration at \\'asliinL'lf»n hai-racks was ().()I73 centsin August, 1919, 
 j.nd this in spite of tlu' fact that tli(» Army buys in large quantities and 
 j);<'sumahly escapes any exeej)tional loeal profiteering. This cost 
 is for food alone and docs not include ice. \\y comparison, the figure 
 foi' the Army ration fends to nuikc the t»33 cents ari'ived at in the 
 food budget of the Bureau of Lahor Statistics s(»em conservative. 
 
 As a furthei- cheek on the cost of food jicf man per day, <letailed 
 food estimates were secured fi(»m 6-1 families of (Jovernment workers 
 jiving in Washin^'ton. The ((Uantiti(>s nnd costs of food i-epoited 
 \>y tJiese 64 famili(s foi the year ending rfuly 31, 1919, have been 
 tabulated, and the average cost per man per <biy, when brought up 
 
 ' The wpckly quantity bndgpt has h«H>n flmftcd from Ihr year's budget, which explains the slight 
 differcnr-c i» cn^t betwp«n thf weekly total and tbv yearly tuiul. 
 141246°— 19 3
 
 18 PAUT II. — DETAIhKD DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 to ilato (August, 1919) on the basis of the percentage increase for 
 fooil in the United States as a whole, was found to be 0.672 cents. 
 Tliis indicates that the cost of food in the budget herewith presented 
 is somewhat lower than the cost of food which families of Government 
 workera are actually purchasing at the present time. 
 
 n. CLOTHING. 
 
 The quantities of the diffeient kinds of clothing required by the 
 standard family have been arrived at by personal- interviews with 
 Government employees and their wives and others familiar with the 
 standard of living requu-ed of the Government worker's family in 
 Wasliington, and have been checked with several previous studies, 
 particularly with the clothing budgets of approximately 850 families 
 with children under 15 secured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 
 1918-19. 
 
 In preparing the following budget, the quantity of clothing based 
 on length of wear has been made fundamental and agreed upon 
 before tabulating piices. The quantities listed in the budget are 
 for annual replacements, and it has been assumed that the amounts 
 listed will be supplemented by the "holdover" of similar garments 
 from the previous year. In the case of a garment which may be 
 expected reasonably to last over a period longer than one yeai-, the 
 annual amount has been expressed in a fraction, i. e., a coat to be 
 worn two years, as h; three, as ^, etc. 
 
 A few possible alternatives have been suggested, and individual 
 tastes will, of course, make other changes and adjustments necessary 
 for each family. 
 
 In preparing this quantity budget, a considerable amount of 
 sewnngat home has been assumed as possible, and has been indicated 
 accordingly. ^Tien more than the specified amount is done, a saving 
 may be effected, or the family clothed more al)undantly. On the 
 other hand, where little or no home sewing can be done, economy will 
 need to be practiced in the number of garments or along other lines. 
 
 Theoretically, the level of health and decency in clothing has been 
 mterpreted as a level whicli takes into account not only the physical 
 needs of warmth, cleanliness, and comfort, but which also has such 
 regard for appearance and style as will permit the family members to 
 appear in public, and within their necessarily rather narrow social 
 circle, with neatness and self-respect. In other words, the clothing 
 standards of the family should provide a fair degree of that mental 
 satisfaction wliich follows from being reasonably well-dressed. But 
 whde admitting the desirability of this more generous wardrobe, an 
 effort has been made to allow only those quantities of clothing con- 
 sistent with the minimum requirement for health and decency, and,
 
 CLOTHING. 19 
 
 wliere a doubt has existed, to err on the side of conservatism rather 
 than to present an opportunity for the criticism of extravagance. 
 So emphatic, however, have been the expressions of some who feel 
 that a decided error has been made on the side of rigid econom}", 
 that a supplemental list of highly desirable additions to the wife's 
 clothing has been prepared and made a part of this report. 
 
 After the minimum quantities which could reasonably be expected 
 to provide the replacement needs of the average family had been 
 agreed upon, committees of two and three special agents of the Bureau 
 of Labor Statistics visited the local stores in order to ascertain the 
 probable cost of the clothing budget. The prices were secured in 
 August. 
 
 In securing the prices, more than 25 of the leading stores of Wash- 
 ington were visited. The items which constitute the major expenditure 
 in the budget, i. e., suits, coats, dresses, etc., were priced at six or 
 eight different stores, in order to be sure that the prices secured were 
 representative. Fewer prices were secured on articles of clothing 
 which are more uniform in price, such as shoes, stockings, imderwear. 
 
 Committees were employed to secure these prices in order to have 
 the benefit of a consensus and to secure greater uniformity on 
 the questions of quality and comparative values. The committees 
 secured prices in the same way that the housewife must secure 
 them — the ordinary "shopping" method. The agents merely asked 
 to be shown garments in which they were interested, and did not 
 reveal any further motive in trying on the garments and securing 
 prices on them. This method was used in order to assume exactly 
 the same position as the ordinary housewife shoppi^r and to elimi- 
 nate the criticism usually directed against list prices furnislied by 
 dealers. Every garment on which a price was listwl was examined 
 f(»r quality. suital)ility, and appearance. 
 
 The committees kept constantly in mind the ncu'csfiity for wise 
 buying, whi(;h wctiild efTcft. the greatc^st economy. All classes of 
 Stores wore visiter I and the committees saw numerous evidences of 
 th(i fact that the gmatcist bargains are not to bo found in the cheapest 
 stores. It is t<j be regretted tliat many people who must shop 
 economically feel in duty bound to shop at the stores which are 
 generally regarded as cheap st<»r<^s. Mn«'h l)(1ll(^r values were often 
 found at the higiier (•\i\^<. <l(!parLmoul stores and oven in the so-called 
 exclusive cloLhing stores.
 
 20 PART II. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 HUSBAND'S CLOTHINa. 
 
 ArticU. 
 
 Eat, felt... 
 Hat, straw. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 $4.00 
 2.00 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 $'j. no 
 
 •_'. 00 
 
 Provious studios of actual expenditures for wage earners show- 
 almost 1 ^ hats, plus oue-half cap, purchasotl per year. No additional 
 allowance has been made for caps, and this estimate is considered 
 very conservative. 
 
 Felt hats were found to range in price from S3 up, with $4 as the 
 lowest price for which it seemed possible to secure a hat good enough 
 in quality to last two years. Straw hats during the past summer 
 ranged from S2 to S6. The $2 hat was, of course, of very poor quality, 
 but might last a season with reasonable care. 
 
 Suit, winter (wool). . 
 Suit, summer (wool). 
 
 $40. 00 
 40.00 
 
 $20.00 
 20.00 
 
 This allowance is practically the same as that shown by wage 
 earners' budgets, in wdiich one suit a year has been considered the 
 minimum allowance, but with additional allowance for work clothes, 
 separate trousers and overalls— items of clothing not necessary in the 
 budget of a clerical worker. In a climate like that of Wash- 
 ington many men buy a lighter weight wool suit of mohair 
 or palm })each for summer wear. Many others buy a modium-weight 
 wool suit in the spring or fall for all-year wear. Th(> net cost of a 
 summer suit to wear- two years. and a winter suit to wear two years 
 vaW be about the same as one new suit every year worn summer and 
 winter. 
 
 Winter suits were found in the southeast section of Washington 
 which ranged in piice from S2.5 to S40. Suits in the northwest sec- 
 tion ranged from S25 to ?7o. A minimum of S40 seems very reason- 
 able for a suit of sulHciently good quality to last two seasons. 
 
 Overcoat. 
 
 J40.00 
 
 $10.00 
 
 Previous investigations, as well as individual opinion secured in 
 connection with this budget, seem well agreed that an overcoat should 
 wear for four years. Oveicoat prices were foimd to range from .S25 
 to .?7.5, but $40 seemed the minimum for a coat of fairly durable 
 quality.
 
 CLOTHING. 
 HUSBAND'S CLOTHING— Continued. 
 
 21 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit 
 price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Raincoat . 
 
 $15.00 
 
 ♦ 
 
 12.50 
 
 
 
 The Washington climate makes a raincoat desirable, but one of 
 good quality could doubtless be worn for six years. 
 
 Prices ranged from .S7.50 to .S30, with S15 as a reasonable mini- 
 mum for a raincoat of fair quality. 
 
 Shirts, cotton . 
 
 $2.00 
 
 $10. 00 
 
 To buy a good quality of madras shirt it is now necessary to pay 
 $2.60. Shirts speciallj^ priced at lower figures — such as SI. 70 — were 
 found to be as a rule of inferior qiuility and of questionable dura- 
 bility. By buying out of season it appears that a good quality of 
 shirt may be obtained for $2. 
 
 Union suits Csuramer) , 
 
 Union suit (winter;, part wool. 
 
 $1.50 
 3.50 
 
 $4. 50 
 3.50 
 
 Owing to the rather mild climate of Washington, heavy winter 
 un lenvear need be worn by most men only a relatively short period 
 of the year. 
 
 Good union suits of summer weight can be purchased for $1.50 
 each. Separate shirts and drawers cost from SO. 75 to $1 a garment. 
 
 Llnion suits, part wool, for winter are at the very lowest $3,50 
 a suit. Separate shirts and drawers, part wool, are S'J.50 a gar- 
 ment, wliile a heavy grade of cotton may bo had for $1.50 to $2 
 a j'arment. 
 
 }'ajania.s 
 
 Bocks, cdtton. 
 
 $2.50 
 .50 
 
 1 
 12 
 
 2. 50 
 fi.OO 
 
 In the Bureau of Lal)()r .Statistics' study of IIM.S 19, 10 paiis 
 of cotton socks wore found to bo the average in practically over\ 
 income group from $!>0() to $2,500. In addition, the laborer usually 
 had from ^ to 1 pair of wool socks and about ^ pair of silk hose. 
 Twelve pairs of cotton socks has seenuid the minimum number 
 ncH-essary for a Government einployecv The price of 50 cents jx-r 
 pair seems to be tho lowest for which cotton socks of good quality 
 can bo purchased.
 
 22 r.MJT II. — nETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 HUSBAND'S CLOTHING— Concluded. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 1 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Shoe*: 
 
 lliffh 
 
 $7.50 
 7.50 
 
 3.50 
 2.50 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 $7.50 
 
 Low 
 
 3.75 
 
 Repairinu; 
 
 Whole soles 
 
 3.50 
 
 Half soles , inchidiiv^ heel 
 
 2.50 
 
 
 
 This provision for shoes is supported by reports of actual expen- 
 ditures and by statements of various Government employees. One 
 repairing has been allowed for each pair of shoes during the year. 
 Since the repairs allow for new heels, no additional separate heels have 
 been provided for. 
 
 Shoes vary widel}' in price, and also in quality. After investigation 
 the conclusion was reached that shoes of good enough quality to 
 last a year and stand resoling could probably not be obtained for less 
 than $7 or $8 a pair. Lo^\' ghoes run about the same price as high 
 shoes, but some saving may usually be effected by buying shoes 
 out of season. 
 
 Rni'liers 
 
 $1.2.5 
 
 3. un 
 
 .25 
 
 i 
 12 
 
 $0.63 
 
 U! ■\es,kid 
 
 1.50 
 
 Collars 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 
 Other investigations have allowed from $4 to S6 for wage earners, 
 whose work does not require daily wear. Actual statements from 
 Gcnernment workers support the fact that the purchase of 12 collars 
 per year is very conservative. 
 
 Tie^ 
 
 $0.50 
 .25 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 SL50 
 
 UandkercbieLs 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 
 A plain cotton handkerchief can be bought for 25 cents, 
 linen costs 50 cents. 
 
 Plain 
 
 Oart«n 
 
 $0.35 
 
 1.50 
 
 .75 
 
 4.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 2 
 1* 
 
 4 suits. 
 
 $0.70 
 
 T'.^ii 
 
 50 
 
 ^ 
 
 75 
 
 I 
 
 
 1.33 
 
 ( 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 \' 
 
 lude shoe strinps, repairs to watch, etc 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 
 

 
 CLOTHING. 
 WIFE'S CLOTHING. 
 
 23 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Hat , summer. 
 
 S7.50 
 10.00 
 
 1 
 * 
 
 $7.50 
 
 Hat . winter 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 
 The allowance of one winter hat every two years and one summer 
 hat every year is much the same as that allowed wage earner's wives, 
 although the standard of dress required of the wives of Government 
 employees is higher. Summer hats are of perishable materia; and 
 can not be made to last more than one season as a rule. 
 
 After securing prices on hats in a half dozen different stores, $7.50 
 was decided on as the minimum price for which a woman's summer 
 hat of fairly good style and quality can be purchased. Winter hats of 
 medium grade can be bought for $10, but it is doubtful if these could 
 be made to last two seasons. However, as this is a minimum budget, 
 a $10 hat is allowed every two years. 
 
 Suit, wool. 
 
 $53.00 
 
 $2(5. 50 
 
 In submitting tentative clothing purchases to a number of house- 
 wives and others interested in clothing budgets, there was unanimous 
 agreement that a wool suit of good quality, not extreme in style, may 
 reasonably be expected to wear two years. 
 
 The cheapest fall suits shown in the majority of Washington stores 
 range around $50 in price. Generally these are made of serge and 
 lined with a medium grade of silk or satin. The material is light 
 weight and the suit has nothing in either (luahty or style to recom- 
 mend it. Most of the stores seem to carry' only a limited number of 
 $50 suits, the average price being much higher. Alterations vary in 
 price according to the work done, but stores uniformly charge extra 
 for alterations. Three dollars was considered the minimum amount 
 which could he allowed for alterations. This would make the total 
 cost of the suit .S5;i and the yearly cost $20.")() if it is worn two years. 
 
 Wai.sts, cotton (to >m nia'le at hotnc). 
 Waist, drc-H.s 
 
 $2. 50 
 
 7. 50 
 
 «7. 50 
 3.75 
 
 In [)revious budgets thnM? or four cotton waists have becMi alh)we(l. 
 The wife of a Government worker will need one additional waist of 
 crepc! do chine or g«M>rgette (^'ery other year. 
 
 Three dollars was (•onsidore<l a niinimuni price on cotton blouses, 
 if bought ready made. M<»st of the stores visitcul carried a blouse 
 of fairly good quality for 'i2.7b to S3. The cheaper blouses wore of
 
 24 PART II. DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 inforinr luateritil uud not economical to purchase. If these blouses 
 are made at home, a fair quality of cotton goods can be bought at 
 50 cents or 75 cents a yard. 
 
 If 2^ yards at the average price are allowed for a blouse and SI for 
 trimming, the blouse ^viW cost approximately $2.50, and this amount 
 has been allowed in the budget. 
 
 Seven dollars and a half was felt to be a minimum cost for a fancy 
 blouse of cr6po de chme or georgette. 
 
 WIFE'S CLOTHING— Continued. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 
 cost. 
 
 Dres"!es, cotton (to be made at home). 
 
 $5.00 
 
 2 
 
 $10.00 
 
 
 
 The Wasliington housewife wiU need at least two thin summer 
 dresses each year. These are worn constantly during the summer 
 afternoons and evenings, and the warm climate necessitates such 
 frequent laundering that they will scarcely wear for more than one 
 season. The minimum price on thin cotton material is 50 cents a 
 yard. Allowing 6 yards to a dress and a small addition for trimming, 
 thread, buttons, etc., these will cost S5 each. 
 
 Wash skirt . 
 
 So. 00 
 
 $2.50 
 
 Previous investigations have usually included in the wife's clothing 
 a separate skirt of some description. In the Wasliington climate it 
 has been thought best to allow one-haK white wash skirt a year. If 
 preferred, however, J of a wool skirt may be substituted. A white 
 wash skirt of good quality may be purchased for $5, or a wool skirt 
 for SIO to $12. Since the wool skirt could doubtless be worn twice 
 as long, no material difference in cost would result. 
 
 Dress, woolser>;e. 
 
 $25.00 
 
 $12.50 
 
 The wife of a Government worker will need one dress for afternoon 
 or evening wear in the ^\•inter and spring. It is desirable that this 
 should be of silk, but since this is a minimum budget, only wool has 
 been allowed. It might be more economical if this were made at 
 home, but the mother of three chUdron who cooks and markets for 
 her family, cares for her house, sews for the cliihlren, does the family 
 mending, and makes her own blouses, summer dresses, and house 
 dresses, vnh find it utterly impossible to do anything more. 
 
 -V very plain wool serge dress can be purchased for S25. Prices 
 of wool dresses of average quality range from S29.75 to $39.75.
 
 CLOTHING. 
 WIFE'S CLOTHING-Continued. 
 
 25 
 
 •^ 1- ■■ - ■ ■■ 1 — ,-- . ■ ■ ■ 1 ; — : :;_— - ■ 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost." 
 
 House dresses 
 
 $3.00 
 
 2 
 
 S6.00 
 
 
 
 The minimum number of house dresses per year was decided to 
 be two. These wall have to be supplemented with cotton dresses left 
 over from the previous summer. 
 
 Readv-made house dresses were shown in many stores in August 
 at S2.50 and S.3.50. If house dresses are made at home, a better 
 quality of material can be used, but the cost will be approximately 
 the same. From five to six yards must be allowed for a dress, and 
 gingham of onh' fair grade is 50 cents a yard. A small amount must 
 be allowed for thread, buttons, etc. 
 
 Apron, kitchen. 
 
 SO. 60 
 
 $0.60 
 
 Apron gingluim is 30 cents a yard. Allowing two yards to nn 
 apron, the minimum cost will be 60 cents each. At least one new 
 apion a year must be provided. 
 
 (oat. 
 
 $50. 00 
 
 $16. 66 
 
 The wife of a Ciovernment worker may be able to wear a wool coat 
 three years if it is of sufficiently good quality. In this length of 
 time there will be some expense for repairing and probably relining it. 
 
 'I'he minimum price on wool coats in August, 1919, was S50. 
 Cojvts shown at this price contained only a small per cent of wool 
 very harsh in texture und weie cotton lined. 
 
 Cotton potticonts: 
 
 Whilf muslin 
 
 $2.00 
 3.00 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 $3.00 
 
 liark cotton 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 
 A very plain muslin pcttifont can be bought for $2. It seemed 
 desirable to allow u fairly good gnide of garment in order that it 
 could he alternatf'd with u new garment after one season's wear. 
 
 One dark cotton petticoat has been allowiMJ each year, and this 
 will not outla.sit the one season's wear. Three dollai-s was considered 
 a minimum price for a rotton .skirt of fair quality. 
 
 Corset fstan«lnrfi mnkci. 
 
 $6.00 
 
 $0.00 
 
 If desired, two ?.3 corsets may be suhstitutod, but this will not be 
 possible in the case of a stout woman. 
 144246°— 19 4
 
 20 PART II. — DETAILED DATA UFON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 WIFE'S CLOTHINTO— Continued. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Bra."wie.res 
 
 $0.50 
 
 1.00 
 .85 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 11.00 
 
 Summer underwear: 
 Separate garments, 
 
 or union suits 
 
 3.00 
 
 < orset covers 
 
 
 3.55 
 
 
 
 Corset covers at 75 cents were muslin plainly trimmed with em- 
 broidery, and at 85 cents muslin with lace trimmmg. The knitted 
 underwear in the union suits and separate garments was of fair 
 quality. 
 
 Wlntw underwear (part- wool union suit*) . 
 
 $3.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 I'nion suits of part wool are $3 a suit. Separate garments are 
 $1.50 each. 
 
 Nigbt dresses. 
 
 $1.50 
 
 $3.00 
 
 If carefully laundered, two new night dresses would last one year. 
 These may be purchased in the late summer sales as follows: Of good 
 grade muslin, plainly trimmed, $1.60; of cotton crepe, $1.65; of 
 outing flannel, $2. 
 
 Ktanono. 
 
 $4.50 
 
 $a.36 
 
 KimoMOs of fairly heavy grade of cotton crSpo, plainly made, may 
 be purchased for S4 to $5. 
 
 Stockings (cotton). 
 
 fO.65 
 
 $5.20 
 
 In the recent invastigation of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the 
 wives of wage earners in the income group from $1,200 to $1,800 
 averaged six pairs of stockings per year, and almost one pair of silk 
 stockings in two years. In allowing the minimum amount of stock- 
 ings it was decided to eliminate the silk stockings altogether and allow 
 eight pairs of cotton. Cotton stockings range in price from 50 cents 
 to 75 cents. A fair grade of cotton stocking can be bought for 65 
 cents a pair.
 
 CLOTHING. 
 WIFE'S CLOTHING— Continued. 
 
 27 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Shoes: 
 
 High 
 
 $9.50 
 8.50 
 
 3.00 
 .40 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 1 
 S 
 
 $9.50 
 
 ' ow 
 
 8.50 
 
 Shoo repairing: 
 
 WTiole soles 
 
 3.00 
 
 New heels 
 
 l.l'O 
 
 
 
 Including one pair of new soles, this budget allows the wife the 
 equivalent of three pairs of shoes per year. 
 
 High shoes of medium grade range in price from S8.50 to $14. The 
 ah<olute minimum could not be taken, as many people can not 
 be fitted in shoes of this price, and S9,50 was decided to be the 
 lowest reasonable allowance for high shoes. Since low shoes at 
 $8.50 seem to be generally available, this amount has been allowed. 
 
 "Whole soles are S3 : heels built up of leather cost 40 cents, and rubber 
 heels 65 cents to 75 cents. No rubber heels have been provided in 
 this budget. 
 
 Rubbers 
 
 $1..50 
 
 1 
 
 $1.50 
 
 
 
 The sandal rubbers co.st 85 cents; regular rubbers SI. 50. 
 
 01o.f>3: 
 
 iJd 
 
 $2. .50 
 1.00 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 $1.25 
 
 Cotton 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 
 The prices allowed for gloves are minimunis. Especially in kid gloves 
 it may be, desirable to buy better quality and to wear them longer. 
 
 Hanrtkerchiols 
 
 $0.26 
 3.00 
 
 8 
 
 $2.00 
 
 Umbrellas 
 
 1 UO 
 
 
 
 G^tton umbrellas may bo bought for $1.50 to S3. 
 
 Ctenninu and prp«lnK , 
 
 Ul.srellaneous, to inclndn hair nets, hiiirpins, combs, rolliirs and 
 cutis, hand b.-ii; or piir.w, repairs on watch, vcil.i, dress shields, 
 ■anitary supplioa, shoe luces 
 
 $3.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 Ton cents a wook, or a total of approximately $5 a year, has been 
 coii-idorod n fair amount to bo allowed for miscc^llanoous expenses. 
 
 The clothing budget has boon cut down to wliat amounts to almost 
 a subsistence budget. In the case of tho wife, it would be highly 
 desirable from the point of view of comfort and of the standard 
 expected of the wife of a Government employee that she bo allowed
 
 28 PAIIT 11. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 at least S50 more {)er year on hor clothing budiij(>t.. The prices given 
 presuppose more time to hunt for good values than the averuifo 
 mother of three cliilch'cn can afford. She is allowed no furs, and tlie 
 suit allowed is of rather light weight, so that for the sake of her own 
 health it would be much better if she could afford to buy a bettor 
 coat for winter wear. 
 
 She has been allowed only one afternoon dress of wool to last two 
 veal's, and she has been allowed no dress petticoat to wear with it. 
 It would be much more satisfactory if she were allowed one jersey- 
 silk petticoat a year. This woidd cost a little more than the cotton 
 one, but would combine comfort and durability. It is questionable 
 if the georgette waist allowed every other year can be made to last 
 two years even with the most carefid laundering, and this is her only 
 fancy blouse. The same is true of the two cotton house dressoa 
 allowed. 
 
 The ■w^fe has been allowed one wool dress every two years for 
 afternoon or evening wear. Aside from her suit and georgette blouse 
 this wool dress is the only garment she has to wear to social affairs 
 of the church and community. A wool dress is essentially a business 
 or street dress, being too heavy and somber for afternoon or evening 
 wear. A silk dress would be a much more satisfactory article with 
 which to supplement her suit and georgette blouse during their second 
 season's wear, when they have gro\vn somewhat worn and shabby. 
 The substitution of a silk dress in place of wool serge will add only 
 S7..50 animaUy to the wife's clothing budget, as silk dresses of fair 
 qualit\' can be bought in the Washington stores for $40. 
 
 Oidy two night dre-sses a year have been allowed, and these will 
 be in-suflicient if she has any illnass during the year. 
 
 A winter hat has been allowed only every oth(!r year and no allow- 
 ance 1ms been made for retrimming. Without retrimming it will })e 
 out of style by the second year, and while the average woman should 
 not and will not desire to wear extreme styles neither will she wish 
 to be conspicuous because her clothing Ls entirely out of the prevail- 
 ing mode. 
 
 It would be highly desirable from the standpoint of comfort, and 
 probabl^^ of economy, if the wife were allowed two pairs of silk stock- 
 ings each year. The cotton stockings on the market are of poor grade 
 and high price at the present time and neither so comfortable nor 
 neat looking as the silk hose. 
 
 The shoes allowed are heavy walking shoes. It would add to the 
 wife's comfort if she were allowed one pair of dress shoes at least 
 every other year. Xo allowance has been made for house slippers, 
 and this mwms that she must make her low shoes of the previous 
 year hold over for this purpose.
 
 CLOTHIXG. 
 
 29 
 
 The S5 allowance for miscellaneous items is very small when the 
 simplest collar and cuff set is at least a dollar, when hair nets that 
 last only a few days are 12^ cents each, and when aU other miscella- 
 neous items have doubled in price. It would appear that an allow- 
 ance of SlO would more nearly meet her needs for miscellaneous 
 items. 
 
 ADDITIONAL LIST OF DESIRABLE ARTICLES FOR WIFE'S CLOTHING. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Quantity 
 desirable. 
 
 Additional 
 cost to 
 yearly 
 budget. 
 
 Winter hat 
 
 Better quality winter coat 
 
 Silk petticoat 
 
 Silk- stockings 
 
 Crfipe de chine or georgette blouse. 
 
 Nient dresses 
 
 House dresses 
 
 Dress shoes 
 
 House slippers 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Substitution of silk dress for serge. 
 
 $5.00 
 8.33 
 6.00 
 3.00 
 3.75 
 1.50 
 3.00 
 6.00 
 1.00 
 5.00 
 7.50 
 
 Total. 
 
 60.03 
 
 •Amount allowed, $5; amount desirable, $10. 
 BOY'S CLOTHING (11 YEARS). 
 
 ArtlcU. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 
 $1.00 
 
 •a 
 
 $2.00 
 
 
 
 The Bureau of Labor Statistics' study shows that the average 
 an ount ot head wear purchased for a boy in wage earners' families is 
 not loss than two hats or caps a year. This number is almost con- 
 stant afl(!r the income reaches SI, 200. 
 
 (iood woolen or folt hats can be bought for 13 each. Caps range 
 in prifo from 7") cents to Sl.ijO, and SI was coiisidorod a fair allowance 
 for the average boy's cup. 
 
 Bui t , wool 
 
 Pants, separate, wfwl 'wiiilfrj 
 
 Pant.s, separate, wool anil r'otton fsiimmfir). 
 
 $16. no 
 3.00 
 4.0(1 
 
 Boys* wool suits rnngo in price from S12..^)0 to S20 and up; SIH 
 was considered the minimum price for which a suit of fair grade 
 could be secured. 
 
 ^Vool trousers range from SI. 50 to S3. An nllowance of S2 a pair 
 WMs considerof] the minimu'^' f(tr extra cordiiii»y trousers. If 
 desired, khaki trousers could bo used for summer w«ar instead of 
 
 corduroy.
 
 30 TART II. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 BOY'S CLOTHING (11 YEARS)— Continued. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Overcoat 
 
 912.50 
 
 i 
 
 $6 25 
 
 
 
 Overcoats are outgrown after two years' wear. The price of a 
 niackinaw is $12.50. 
 
 Sweater 
 
 J6.00 
 
 i 
 
 $3.00 
 
 
 
 A good grade of wool sweater costs from S5 to $7.50; $6 will buy 
 a serviceable sweater, designated "all wool." 
 
 
 $1.25 
 
 1 SI 25 
 
 
 
 Blue denim overalls for boys are SI. 25 to $1.30 at several stores. 
 
 Bhlrts and blouses 
 
 $1.15 A 
 
 $,"| 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Bureau of Labor Statistics' study shows that regardless of the 
 famih' income, boys of this age averaged four to five new cotton 
 shirts a j^ear. A blouse ol fairly good quality of cotton can be bought 
 for $1 to $1.15. Good grade madras blouses are $1.50 each. 
 
 Summer undffwear (union suits). 
 
 $1.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 Good union suits of knit undenvear can be bought for $1 each. A 
 cotton suit with fasloniiigs for garters tind other garments is $1.50. 
 Separate shirts and drawers are seldom worn by boys of this age. 
 
 Winter uoderirear (union suits). 
 
 $3.00 
 
 $6.00 
 
 Union suits of heavy grade cotton are $1.50 each; of part wool, $3 
 a suit. 
 
 Pajimas or night sbirts. 
 
 $1.00 
 
 $2.00 
 
 Summer weight night shirt.-; mid pajamas are $1 eacii. Heavier 
 weight pajamas aio >J a suit. 
 
 Stocking, cotton. 
 
 ?<l. 60 
 
 12 
 
 $7.20 
 
 In the Bureau of LaV)or Statistics' study, 12 pairs of stockings was 
 the average annual purchase for a growing boy. Heavy, durable 
 stockings range in price from 60 to 70 cents. These are of fast color 
 and good wearing quahty.
 
 CLOTHTXG. 
 BOY'S CLOTHING (11 YEARS)— Continued. 
 
 31 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Shoes: 
 
 High 
 
 S5.00 
 3.00 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 $15 00 
 
 Low 
 
 6.00 
 
 
 
 High lace boots for boys are S8 a pair; low shoes from S3 up. 
 The minimum price for a good grade of high shoes is $4.50; S5 was 
 considered a fair allowance for high shoes of durable quality. 
 
 Shoe repairing, whole soles . 
 
 $2.00 
 
 $10.00 
 
 Including repairs, this is the equivalent of about 10 pairs of shoes 
 per year, and is supported by interviews with families. It is higher 
 than the number of paii-s purchased by wage earners' families, due 
 possibly to the fact that in tho-^e families the children go barefoot. 
 
 Ruliliers. 
 
 $1.(X) 
 
 $1.00 
 
 Kubbers for a boy of 11 years range in price from 85 cents to SI. 25. 
 An allowance of $1 was considered the minimum for a good pair of 
 boys' rub])ers. 
 
 Gloves or mittens. 
 
 $0.50 
 
 $1.00 
 
 A hcav}'- knit glovo Cc(jtt<jn) which answers the purpose of both 
 glove and mittc^n, is 50 cents a pair. 
 
 Collars. 
 
 $0.25 
 
 $0.75 
 
 Three collars have been considered sullicient in view of the fact 
 that boys' shirts fn'f|M(Mi(ly include collars. Collars for boys are 
 the saim: f)rice as collars for men, 25 cents. 
 
 TJra. 
 
 $0.50 
 
 $1.00 
 
 Tiow for boys range in pr'wv from 50 cents to $1; 50 cents is the 
 minimum allowance for a boy's tie. 
 
 nandkcrchiefs. 
 
 $0.10 
 
 $0.00 
 
 Han(lkorrhi(ifs range in price for ordinary quality from 10 cents to 
 25 cents each.
 
 32 PART 11. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 BOY'S CLOTHING (U YEARS)— Conohuled. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Roplace- 
 
 nipnt por 
 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Garters 
 
 $0.38 
 .60 
 
 a 
 i 
 
 SO. 50 
 
 Belt 
 
 .30 
 
 
 
 One belt in two years was considered sullicient for boys of this age. 
 
 MiscftUaneous 
 
 
 
 $1.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Four representative stores were visited to obtain prices on clothing 
 for a girl of five years and a boy of two. There was found to be 
 considerable uniformity in the price and quality of the articles 
 selected in the various stores. Unlike clothing for women, there is 
 not a wide choice in the necessary wearing apparel for small children. 
 
 GIRL'S CLOTHING (5 YE.^RS). 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 
 msnt per 
 
 year. 
 
 $5.00 
 
 2.00 
 5.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Yewly 
 
 cost. 
 
 Hat, summer 
 
 Cap or hat, winter: 
 
 Cap 
 
 Hat 
 
 } 
 
 $5. no 
 
 '2.00 
 
 ' For 1 cap or f hat. 
 
 It is possible to buy a knitted wool cap or tam 6'shanter for $2. 
 A trimmed summer hat or a single velvet hat for winter with a httlc 
 trimming costs at least S5. A more serviceable beaver hat with 
 tailored band costs from S5 to $Q. 
 
 Dresses, cotton fto be made at home). 
 Dress, wool (to Ije made at home; 
 
 $2.2.5 
 6. 00 
 
 $13. .50 
 
 3.00 
 
 Figures show four and five cotton dresses bought per year in 
 families of wage earners. 
 
 A roadj'^-mado cotton dross of reasonably good quality can be 
 purchased for $1.50; those of sr)mowhat V)Otter quality for $2 to $2.50. 
 Cotton dresses made at homo will average $2.25 each and the grade 
 of material will be better. Two and a half yards of voile have been 
 fillowed for white drosses. At 50 cents a yard and allowing a dollar 
 ff)r each dre^s for trimming, two voile dresses would cost $4.50. Ging- 
 ham dresses for little girls are usually made with bloomers, and about 
 '.i^ yards of material are required for a dress and bloomers — 8| yards 
 at 50 cents a yard will make each dross cost $1.75 for material. If 50 
 cents is allowed on oar-h dre.ss for trimming, four drosses will cost $9. 
 This is more economical than buying the dresses ready made. Wool 
 goods of good quality and double width is $4 to $4.50 a yard, and 
 li yards will make a dress. Allowing $1 for trimming, the woolen 
 dress will cost $6.
 
 CLOTHING. 
 GIRL'S CLOTHING (5 YEARS)— Continued. 
 
 33 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Apron (to be made at home) .... 
 
 11.00 
 
 1 
 
 SI. 00 
 
 
 
 Coverall aprons can be made from 2 yards of material. Gingham 
 at 50 cents a yard will make a good apron which, if necessary, can be 
 substituted in the summer for a summer dress. 
 
 Coat 
 
 $15.00 
 
 $7.60 
 
 Expenditures in wage earners' families show coats to last three 
 years, but interviews with parents in Washington indicate that after 
 two years coats are usually outgro^\^l. 
 
 Winter coats of fair quality of wool with mercerized cotton lining 
 ranged from $15 to S21, A S15 corduroy coat lined with a good 
 grade of cotton was felt to be the most economical child's coat, as it 
 combined warmth and durability with a fairly moderate price. 
 
 fiwcator -- 
 
 $4.00 
 
 i 
 
 52.00 
 
 
 
 A good sweater of fairly heavy grade may bo purchased for S5.50. 
 Somewhat lighter weight sweaters were priced at S3. 50 and S3. 95. 
 
 Cotton f)etticf«ts: 
 
 Muslin 
 
 Jl.OO 
 1..50 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 S2.00 
 
 OutlnK flannpl 
 
 1.60 
 
 
 
 One dollar was considered the minimum price for a muslin petticoat, 
 as anything undnr that prifo was of very light weight. One heavier 
 petticoat of outing llannol is allowed, at $1.50. 
 
 Sumvirr underwear; 
 
 Shirts 
 
 SCV) 
 .30 
 .76 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 SI. 50 
 
 Drawnrs f mii.slln) 
 
 1.50 
 
 UD'iorwaisls 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 
 Summer union suits can bo purchased for SI a suit, but interviews 
 with parents showed that small children wear separate garments 
 in most coses. Fifty cents was considered the minimum price for 
 whirh a good c|uality of suirunor shirt could be purchased. In a 
 wann climate, such as Washington, muslin drawers are used rather 
 than knit undordrawors, and those can l)0 bought for 30 cents a pair. 
 Knit undorwaists vary in pric^ at dilTerent stores from 50 cents to 
 7") cents. Seventy-five cents was allowed as a minimum price for 
 a knit underwaist to be worn both summer and winter. 
 144246°— 19 6
 
 34 PART II. 
 
 -DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 QIRL'8 CLOTHING (6 YEARS)— Continued. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 cost. 
 
 Winter luiderwear: 
 Shirts, wool. . . 
 Drawers, wool. 
 
 $1.50 
 1.50 
 
 $3.00 
 3.00 
 
 Winter union suits, part wool, can be bought for $3 to $3.50 a suit 
 if desired. Separate shirts and drawers, part wool, have been 
 allowed at $1.50 a garment. 
 
 Ki}:ht dresses: 
 
 MiLslin 
 
 Jl.OO 
 1.25 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 $1.00 
 
 Oiitin? flannel 
 
 1 25 
 
 
 
 One new nightgown of muslin and one of outing flannel have been 
 allosved each year. It will probably seem more desirable to renew 
 both muslin gowns or both outing flannel gowns the same year. 
 
 Muslin gowns of good quality are $1 each, outing flannel $1.25 to 
 $1.50 each. 
 
 Stockings. 
 
 $0.40 
 
 12 
 
 $4.80 
 
 The Bareau of Labor Statistics study shows that an average of 
 8 to 9 pairs of stockings were purchased annually for children of this 
 age. Since these children probably go ])arefoot more than is the 
 custom in Washington, 12 pairs have been allowed for the children 
 of the Government employee. For a girl of 5, cotton stockings, 
 well made and of fairly heavy weight, can be bought at all the stores 
 for 39 cents to 50 cents a pair. 
 
 Shoes: 
 Hi?h. 
 Low.. 
 
 $12.00 
 9.00 
 
 One pair of shoes to last two months has been taken as a fair 
 average for the children of the GovernJiient employee in Washington. 
 It is somewhat higher than estimates for laborers' children, due to 
 rii (Terence in class and standard of living. 
 
 High shoes of good make and quality range in price from $4.00 to 
 .S4.50. Low shoes can be bought for from .S3 to $3.50 a pair. 
 
 RubJjCTS. 
 
 $0.8S 
 
 $0.85 
 
 Children's rubbers are 85 cents a pair.
 
 CLOTHING. 
 OIRL'S CLOTHING (5 YEARS) -Concluded. 
 
 85 
 
 ' " 1 ■■ Mil ■■ — -■ 1 —Ml' - 
 
 Article. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 
 cost. 
 
 Jlittens 
 
 $0.50 
 
 1 
 
 $0.50 
 
 
 
 Cotton knit gloves will cost 50 cents a pair, or mittens from 50 
 cents up. 
 
 Handkerchiefs. 
 
 $0.10 
 
 $0.60 
 
 The average cotton handkerchief for a child is 10 cents. 
 
 
 Garters 
 
 $0.25 
 
 2 
 
 $0.50 
 
 Mi>cellaneous 
 
 2.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 BOY'S CLOTHING (2 YEARS). 
 
 Hats or caps: 
 
 Cap. 
 Duck hat. 
 
 $1.25 
 
 Caps for a child of 2 years can be purchased for 75 cents, but a 
 knitted wool cap will cost S2. One cap at 75 cents has been allowed 
 and one duck hat at 50 cents for summer wear. 
 
 Dresses, cotton suits, romjiers, overalls, etc. (to be made at home). . 
 
 $1.00 
 
 $8.00 
 
 Difference in styles of dress for children of this age make it difRcult 
 to estimate the number. This number of garments has been arrived 
 at after interviews with parents. 
 
 Dresses, suits, and rompers may be bought ready-made for $1, 
 overalls for 95 cents. Made at home these are more econonucal, as 
 good material is 50 cents a yard and two yards will make a garment. 
 
 OTorcoat. 
 
 $12.00 
 
 $6.00 
 
 It seems to be well agreed that an overcoat for a child of this age 
 will l)e outgrown, if not worn out, after two ynrs' wenr. 
 
 A corduroy coat lined with good cjuidily of cotton lining is about 
 112. This is warm and serviceal)lo. A heavy woolen coat, cotton 
 lined, costs $15 or $16. 
 
 Sweater. 
 
 $3.50 
 
 $1.76 
 
 A woolen sweater, well made, costs S.'i.50 to S'^.05. 
 
 BumnirT un'lerwcar: 
 
 Cn lorshlrts 
 
 $0..50 
 .30 
 .05 
 
 3 
 8 
 4 
 
 "•SI 
 
 I )rawprs < nmslin ) 
 
 I'n'lprwaists 
 
 2.60 
 
 
 
 Union suits can be purchased, if desirable, for $1 a garment.
 
 86 PART U. DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 BOY'S OLOTHINO (2YEAR8)— Concluded. 
 
 Artiola. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Replace- 
 ment per 
 year. 
 
 Yearly 
 
 cost. 
 
 Winter underwear: 
 
 Undershirts 
 
 SLOG 
 
 1.00 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 $2.00 
 
 Drawers 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 
 This amount of underwear is the minimum, and unless other gar- 
 ments hold over from the year before this estimate will probably 
 prove insufficient. 
 
 Woolen union suits vary in price from SI. 50 to $2 a garment, 
 depending on the amount of wool contained. If desired, these may 
 be substituted for the separate garments. 
 
 Night dresses: 
 
 Muilin 
 
 SI. 00 
 1.25 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 $1.00 
 
 <^ntfnp flannel 
 
 1.25 
 
 
 
 Muslin gowns of fairly good grades 
 flannel, SI. 25 to $1.50. 
 
 are 79 cents to $1 each; outing 
 
 Btocklnes 
 
 10.89 
 
 10 
 
 $3 90 
 
 
 
 In the Bureau of Labor Statistics' study male children had from 
 6 to 11 pairs of stockings per year. 
 
 A fairly good grade can be bought at practically all stores for 39 
 cents a pair. 
 
 Shoes: 
 Eleh. 
 Low.. 
 
 $7.00 
 6.00 
 
 High shoes of good quality are .S3. 50 to $4; low shoes $3, and 
 sandals can be bought as low as .52.29. 
 
 Reports indicate that repairing of such shoes is not feasible. 
 
 Mittens 
 
 $0.35 
 
 1 
 
 $0 35 
 
 
 
 Mittens, part wool, cua he bcjuglil lor 35 cents a pair. 
 
 Garten 
 
 $0.25 
 
 a 
 
 $0. .50 
 
 
 
 Garters fastening at the waist are 25 cents. 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 
 
 Jl.fK) 
 
 
 

 
 HOUaiN^G, FUEL, AKD LIGHT. 87 
 
 ni. HOUSING, FUEL, AND LIGHT. 
 Annual cost of rent, fuel, and light f428 
 
 Housing standard. — The minimum housing standard for a family 
 of five has been taken as one of four rooais with bath and running 
 water. The possession of a bath and running water is necessary to 
 health and cleanliness. Moreover, at the present time practically 
 all houses and apartments in Washington are supplied with these 
 conveniences, except very old structures, which even in other respects 
 can not be accepted as offering decent and healthful housing. The 
 possession of four rooms is absolutely necessary to a family of five to 
 prevent extreme overcrowding, and is, of course, the barest minimum. 
 It would mean a kitchen, a combined living and dining room, and 
 two bedrooms, with the necessity in many cases of the combined liv- 
 ing and dining room being also used as a sleeping room. For the partic- 
 ular family used in this study as a type, five rooms and bath would 
 be the only comfortable m.inimum. In anj'' case, this strict minimum 
 can apply only to apartments. The standard small house in Washing- 
 ton is one of six rooms. Houses of four and five rooms (except some 
 very modern suburban bungalows) are almost entirely very old struc- 
 tures without modern conveniences. 
 
 Fuel and lujlit standard. — C^ertain pre^^ous attempts to erect 
 budgetary standards have assigned a specific amount of fuel and 
 light as a minimum — such, for instance, as one ton of coal per room per 
 year. This method, however, is not very satisfactory, especially in a 
 city like Wasliington, where apartment living is so prevalent. There- 
 fore, in the present study, it has see^^od bettor to base the minimum 
 on the usual expenditures for fuel and light, during the past year, ])y 
 families housed according to the minimum housing staTulards hoix) 
 adopted and which were not extravagant in their use of fuel and light. 
 By using this method the dilliculty is avoided of trying to erect 
 minimum quantity standards for various sizes and kinds of coal, and 
 various lighting systems —gas, electricity, and kerosene. The choice 
 among the articles usually does not depend upon the desire of the 
 occupant but upon the character of the house. 
 
 Cost of Jioiisinfi and fiu'l ami lujld. In noriiuil times the det<^rmina- 
 tion of minimum house rents could best l)e arrived at by in'|uiry as to 
 the rentes of houses and apartments actually on the market for rent. 
 At present, however, owing to the extro no congestion in the city, 
 there are practically no houses or apartments for rent. Information 
 (Ml this subject, therefore, is necessarily limited to that regarding 
 the rents actually paid by occupants. An iiu|uiry of this character 
 was made among several hundred e i'pl(»yoos of the vnrious Govern- 
 mont depfirtinents. The results have been tabulated and are pre- 
 Bouted in Appendix B.
 
 38 r.MlT II. — DHTAILKI) DATA UPON WlIlCll BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 The following is a brief sumnmry of the data obtained: 
 
 1. Six-room hov^e. — The usual monthly rent of a six-room house 
 in the low-ront neighborhoods of the city at the time of the inquiry 
 fell between S22.50 and S27.50. It therefore seemed proper to take 
 S25 a month or S300 a year as a fair minimum for a six-room house, 
 and, as was noted above, this type of house is the standard small 
 house in Washington. This minimum represents only the average 
 rent paid by (rovernment employees for six-room houses in August, 
 1919. Also, with only a few exceptions, these persons had occupied 
 their present quarters for the past 3 or 4 years, and their rents may 
 have remained at this moderate figure for this reason. A newcomier 
 in Washington or a person obliged to move probably could not have 
 secured a six-room house for $300 a year. 
 
 The average expenditure for fuel and light for a house of this size 
 and type was, for the year ending August, 1919, SI 15 per year. 
 The increase of about 20 per cent in the price of coal this year as 
 compared with last would add S13 to this item and raise the probable 
 expenditure for fuel and light during the coming year to approxi- 
 mately S128. 
 
 By adding house rent to the cost of fuel and light, a total mini- 
 mum for housing expense of a six-room house is found to be S428 per 
 year. 
 
 2. Four-room apartment. — In Washington the term four-room 
 apartment usually means four rooms including a kitchen of large 
 enough size to be called a room. If there is a small kitchenette this 
 is sometimes not included as a room. In either case the total 
 amount of house space is about the same. 
 
 The usual rent of a four-room apartment in the low-rent sections 
 of the city was found to be between 527.50 and S32.50. A rent of 
 S30 per month would, therefore, seem to be a reasonable minimum. 
 
 The expense for fuel and light for an apartment of this size and 
 type was found to be .?41 per year or .S3. 50 per month. This, added 
 to the rent of $360 per year, would make a total yearly cost of .$401 
 for a four-room apartment. 
 
 3. Flats. — An apartment consisting of a whole floor in a single 
 house is usually called a flat as distinguished from an apartment. 
 The number of flats in Washington was found to be very small, and 
 the data gathered indicate that the rent of such places, with heat 
 included, is approximately the same as the rent of apartments of the 
 same size. On the other hand, where the tenant furnishes his own 
 heat the net cost of a four-room flat seems to be slightly less than that 
 of a six-room house, although the number of flats found in the 
 present investigation was too small to perinit of accurate deductions. 
 
 Summarizing the above data it would appear that the yearly cost 
 of rent, fuel, and light is slightly less for a four-room apartment and
 
 HOUSING, FUEL, AND LIGHT. 39 
 
 a four-room flat than for a six-room house. This difference, however, 
 is too small to outweigh the manifest advantages of the small house 
 as compared with the apartment or flat, in the case of a family with 
 children. Moreover, there is the very practical fact that many 
 apartments virtually refuse to accept families with children as 
 tenants. 
 
 The minimum sum decided upon as necessary for the decent and 
 healthful housing of a family of five in Washington has, therefore, 
 been placed at S428 per year. Exceptionally fortunate families are 
 now getting their housing for slightly less than this sum. 
 
 IV. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 
 Upkeep of house furniture and furnishings $70 
 
 The budget here prepared regards the initial furnishing of a house 
 with the more durable articles of furniture as a matter which the 
 prudent man and woman should attend to at the beginning of their 
 marri(^d life before they have the burden of a large family, and 
 therefore as an expense which need not be counted in attempting 
 to fix a living budget for a family when it is at its period of maximum 
 expense. 
 
 However, the upkeep of house furnishings, such as bedding, towels, 
 and kitchen and table ware, and also the replacement of worn-out 
 furniture, is a necessary, recurrent expenditure. Investigation and 
 study of existing data indicate that the cost of such upkeep approxi- 
 mates 6 per cent of the total value of the furniture and furnishings 
 of the usual household of persons in moderate circumstances. 
 
 A special investigation was made by agents of the Bureau of Labor 
 Statistics to determine the minimum amount of furniture and 
 furnishings necessary for a small house or ajmrtment. Prices on 
 this minimum amount were secured from Wasliington stores in 
 August, 1919, and found to total S1,0S3. Even with the closest 
 economy in buying, including the purchase of some second-hand 
 furniture, this total could not w(^ll Ixi reduced below S1,()()0. For 
 aimual upkeep 6 per cent of this amount, or SCO, woukl bo necessary. 
 About SIO or SI 1 a year additional is n^quired for gas mantles or 
 electric bulbs, curtains, and a few other articles which could not be 
 estimated quantitatively. This would make the total minimum 
 annual expenditure for uj)keop of house furnishings S70. Full 
 details of the quantity budget and of itemized prices for furniture 
 niul furnishings are given in Appendix C. 
 
 Laundry work, aflsiHtance with washing, 1 day per week $104 
 
 In the family of five used as a basis in the present budget estimates, 
 the wife is presumed to do the cooking for the family, to do the
 
 40 PART II. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 cloauinj;; of the house or apartmont, to make most of the simpler 
 garmouts worn by hoi-self and the chilch-on, to keep aD clothes in 
 repair, to care for the children, and to do the marketing. It would 
 seem unreasonable to expect that in addition she should do the 
 laundry work entirely unassisted. Therefore, this budget has 
 allowed for the assistance of a person for one day each week and $2 
 per day seems to be the prevailing rate in Washington for service of 
 this kind. 
 
 Cleaning supplies and services $32. 92 
 
 The following seems to bo the minimum requirement of cleaning 
 supplies and services to insure personal and household cleanhness. 
 (.Mops, brooms and brushes are included under furnishings.) 
 
 Cleaning supplies and services. 
 
 Unit price. 
 
 Personal: 
 
 Toilet soap, small bar Ivorv 
 
 Toothbrush 
 
 Toothpaste, tube or box 
 
 Combs, hard rubber 
 
 Hairbmshes 
 
 Shoe polish , box 
 
 Barber's se^^■ices: 
 
 Husband, hair tut 
 
 Children, hair cut 
 
 Household: 
 
 Laundry soap, J-pound bar 
 
 Starch, "pound 
 
 Cleanser, box 
 
 Unspecifled cleaning supplies and services, such as borax, ammunia, 
 washing powder, bluing, insect powder, etc 
 
 Total. 
 
 $0.07 
 .25 
 .25 
 .50 
 1.60 
 .15 
 
 .50 
 .40 
 
 .06 
 .07 
 .05 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 70 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 8 
 
 120 
 
 6 
 36 
 
 Total cost. 
 
 $4.90 
 
 1.25 
 
 3.00 
 
 .50 
 
 .75 
 
 .90 
 
 6.00 
 3.20 
 
 7.20 
 
 .42 
 
 1.80 
 
 3.00 
 
 32.92 
 
 Health ISO 
 
 Some aUowance must of course be made for the maintenance of 
 health. This expenditure includes physician, dentist, oculist, glasses, 
 and drugs, both prescriptions and prepared remedies. 
 
 No definite number of visits to the doctor can be assumed as nec- 
 essary, but aside from the occurrence of major illnesses, colds and 
 the various fliseases of childhood will doubtless make a doctor's 
 services necessary at some time during th(! year. Not only will this 
 item have to provide for prescriptions, but also for the various family 
 remedies. 
 
 At least one visit to the dentist during the year for three members 
 of the family will be necessary, and rarely does one visit prove 
 sufficient. 
 
 In the absence of any known quantitative measurement, it has 
 been felt that the most accurate figure will be the average amount 
 spent by families of Government employees. 
 
 A special investigation of the expenditures of 64 families- during 
 the year ending July 31, 1919, shows the average expenchture for 
 doctor, dentist, oculist, and other items necessary for the maintenance
 
 MISCKLLAJSTEOUS EXPENSES. 41 
 
 of healtli to hare been $90.37. The year covered by these expendi- 
 tures, however, mcluded the "flu" epidemic of last autumn and 
 winter, which undoubtedly added to the average expense of medical 
 attention and medicine. For this reason it has seemed reasonable to 
 fix the health allowance in this budget at $80. 
 
 Insurance: (o) Life, $5,000 ordinary policy, yearly premium..... $110 
 
 It is a generally accepted fact that the male head of a family should 
 carry insurance on his life to protect his wife and children in the 
 event of his death. In order to do this, it is necessary that the 
 yearly income be sufficient to meet the yearly insurance premiums. 
 The only question would seem to be as to the amount of insurance 
 which should be can-ied. It would seem that a $5,000 policy would 
 be the minimum for protection and safety. In the event of the 
 husband's death this would assure an income to the wife and childi-en 
 of not over $300 per year or S6 per week. 
 
 Thirty-five is the age generally used as a base in estimating the 
 average costs of insurance, by the old-line companies. Many persons 
 under that age, and many over that age, take out msurance; but the 
 average person is about 35, and the largest number of policies is 
 written for persons near that age. The New York Life Insurance 
 Co. charges an annual premium of $30.46 for ordinary iusm-ance per 
 $1,000. Policies of this kind arc payalile only at death and the 
 pohcyholder continues payment up to that time. A special disability 
 feature attaches to policies of this kind, under the terms of which 
 it may be possible that the beneficiary will recc^ive as much as $2,000 
 instead of $1,000 as written on the face of the pohey. Without this 
 special disability feature, ordinar}' insui-ance payable at death costs 
 $28.11 per year. Holders of policies participate in the earnings of 
 the company, receiving yearly dividends wliich are genendly dciducted 
 from the j)remium for the ensuing year. During the past 10 years 
 these dividends have amounted to $00. 7U. 'I'lnis, it is possible to 
 estimate ordinary life insurance as costing $22 per $1,000 per year 
 by deducting the dividend payments from $28.11, the minimum 
 premium quoted. 
 
 While these figures are for the New York Life Insurance Co. only, 
 approximately the same rat(« are quoted by all other old-lino 
 comptiniow. 
 
 ^VJl^ risk insurance, issued by the Unitetl States Gov«irnm(Mit, is 
 avuilahle only for p(TsonH now, or formerly, in the mihtary or naval 
 service of the Governmcuit. The amount of the premium payaljlo 
 on war ri.sk insurance increases ficni year to year. An ordinary life 
 policy, payablf^ at death of the insured, and on which premiums are 
 collected each year during the life time of the insured, for each $1,000 
 costs $20.78 at the thirty-fifth year, $35.66 at the fiftieth year, and
 
 42 PART II. — DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 S104.7S at the scwentieth year. These policies afford insurance 
 against death and permanent disabihty. 
 
 Insurance: (6) Furniture $1.50 
 
 Furniture insurance is a cheap form of insurance which it is higlily 
 imjiortant that every family sliould carry, as the loss of household 
 equipment is an extremely serious matter to a family of low income. 
 In(|uir3' made of the Underwriters' Association of the District of 
 Columbia shows that the annual premium on $100 worth of furniture 
 (in a brick house) is 15 cents per year when paid for a period of five 
 years. 
 
 Insurance on 81,000 worth of furniture, which would be about the 
 average value of furniture of the type of family had in mind in this 
 study, would be Si. 50. 
 
 Car fare, 900 rides $45. 00 
 
 There are many Government employees in Washington who live 
 so near their ollices that car fare is an expense that need rarely 
 be incurred. On the other hand, the large area covered by the city 
 and its suburbs makes it absolutely necessary for a considerable 
 portion of the employees to ride to and from their work, and for 
 another portion to ride at least a part of the time. In view of this, 
 it seems reasonable to allow the husband two car rides per day for each 
 working day, or 600 rides in total. 
 
 Approximately three trips per week on the street car have been 
 allowed for the wife and children. Local open markets within easy 
 walking distance are availaljle to comparatively few families in 
 Washington, and many who walk one way must take a car home after 
 the market basket has been fiUed. In addition to this, the mother 
 of three children will need to make occasional trips to the stores in 
 the central part of the city to purchase clothing for the family, and it 
 will be necessary usually for her to take with her the 2 and 5 year old 
 children, involving two car fares. It is assumed that the children 
 will be able to walk to and from school. ^ 
 
 Computation of the cost of street car fare has been made on the 
 basis of the 5-cent fare, as no reliable data exists as to the use of 
 transfers, for which a charge of 2 cents ismade in Washington. 
 
 Amuflementfl and recreation $20. 00 
 
 The importance of recreation as a factor in healthy living need 
 not, of course, be emphasized. It is accepted as an everyday fact. 
 The only question is as to the character and cost of such recreation. 
 Much wholesome amusement arises naturally within the circle of a 
 family and its friends and costs nothing. On the other hand, the 
 complexity of modern city life places a money price on many simple
 
 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 43 
 
 and desirable forms of amusements. Thus a picnic for a family, or 
 a visit to the park, involves a considerable item of car fare, while a 
 trip on the river will cost a dollar or more. Moreover, occasional 
 visits to the moving pictures are to be expected of at least some 
 members of a famih'. Thus, even though the more expensive forms 
 of amusement and recreation, such as summer vacations, are elimi- 
 nated, some expenditures for this item are absolutely necessary if a 
 family is not to lead a completely isolated life. 
 
 It is impossible, however, to establish quantity standards for 
 amusements and recreations. The most reasonable method would, 
 therefore, seem to be to use as a guide the average amount expended 
 by families of Government employees. A special investigation of 
 expenditures of 64 families of Government employees in Washington 
 shows that their average expenditure for amusements and recreation 
 during the year ending July 31, 1919, amounted approximately to 
 $20. On the average these families had expended a similar amount 
 on vacations, but no allowance for vacation has. been made on this 
 budget. (See Appendix D.) 
 
 NewspapeFB 1 daily newspaper, 18. 40 
 
 A newspaper, daily and Sundav issues, is placed in the budget 
 because it is desiral)le that every citizen should read a daily paper. 
 In addition, the modern newspaper offers a variety of literary and 
 educational features at a minimum expense. 
 
 No allowance is made for magaziiU'S or books, not because the 
 reading thereof is not desirable, but because a family, forced to 
 careful economy, may avail itself of the public libraries for all forms 
 of literature. 
 
 Thf yearly subscription rates of the Washington newspapers vary 
 slightly, with .S8.40 as the nuiximum. It is felt that the maximum 
 should be allowed in order to permit the reader his choice of news- 
 papers. 
 
 Organizations, such as the church and labor unions, play such an 
 important part in the life of the average worker and his family that 
 some expenditure on this account must be regarded as essential to 
 normal living. In the present budget, expenditures for this })urpose 
 are accepted jih necassary for the majority of fumilies only in the case 
 of the church and labor organizations; membership in other organi- 
 zations, such as the Hod Cross Society, the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, and social clubs, may bo very desirable but can not bo 
 regarded as necessary for a family with low income. 
 
 (a) rhurch and other roligiouH organizationfl I^l'.i 
 
 Membership in, or regular attendance at a church almost compels 
 contributions in one form or another. Not to be able to contribute 
 usually makes the individual feel so "uncomfortable" that he feels
 
 -14 PART II. DETAILED DATA UPON WHICH BUDGET IS BASED. 
 
 niiwillinj]: tt) atttMid church or to send his chikh-en to Sunday school. 
 Just what tlie minimum desirable contribution should be is diflRcult 
 to determine. In any case, a family contribution of 25 cents a week 
 would seem to be a bare minimum. 
 
 (6) Labor orgimizations $10 
 
 ^lembership in a labor organization always involves contributions 
 to its support in the form of dues. The amount of those dues varies 
 according to the organization. The craft unions to which many 
 employees in the navy yard nnd other mechanical divisions belong 
 hnve as a rule considerably higher dues than the clerical workers' 
 organizations. In the absence of other data, it would seem that the 
 most reasonable method of arriving at a minimum allowance for this 
 purpose would be to use as a guide the average amount actually 
 paid for lal)Or organization dues by Government employees. An 
 investigation on this point showed the average expenditure on labor 
 organizations by 64 families of Government employees in Washington 
 dining the past year to have been 810.08. (See Appendix D.) 
 
 Incidentals $52 
 
 In addition to the expenditures listed above there are a large 
 number of other items, mostly small or occasional, which can not be 
 entirely avoided by a famih^ — such, for instance, as moving expenses, 
 burial expenses, stationery an^l postage, telephoning or telegraphing 
 at limes, patriotic contributions, and charity. Also a few minor 
 comforts — such, perhaps, as tobacco — are almost in the category of 
 necessities for certain people. No minimum quantities for these 
 items can possibly be specified. The only solution is to grant a 
 modest sum of money as a maximum to cover expenditures for all 
 incidentals. 
 
 The amount granted by this budget is SI per week.
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 APPENDIX A.— COST OF FOOD. 
 
 In the following tables are showTi the average price per poun ! 
 of each item of food in the various sections of Washington, D. C, 
 and in the city as a whole, on August 19, 1919, and the annual cost 
 of food required for a family of 3.35 equivalent adult males com- 
 puted at average prices: 
 
 Table I^COST OF FOOD PER POUND IN THE SEVERAL SECTIONS OF WASHINGTON, 
 
 D. C. ON AUG. 19, 1919. 
 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 Southwest. 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 ATerage 
 
 Item. 
 
 Down 
 town. 
 
 Up town. 
 
 cost per 
 pound. 
 
 Afeat. 
 Beef, fresh, steak 
 
 $0.44 
 .33 
 .38 
 .36 
 .58 
 .74 
 
 .42 
 
 .52 
 
 .63 
 .41 
 .30 
 .45 
 .52 
 .34 
 .21 
 .21 
 .60 
 
 $0.51 
 .37 
 .25 
 .50 
 
 $0.50 
 .36 
 25 
 .48 
 .25 
 .70 
 
 .40 
 
 .50 
 
 .53 
 .46 
 .30 
 .46 
 .63 
 .45 
 .27 
 .27 
 .46 
 .52 
 .43 
 .42 
 .20 
 
 .24 
 
 .52 
 
 l.rei 
 .m 
 
 .44 
 
 .33 
 .22 
 
 .27 
 .53 
 .30 
 
 .34 
 
 $0.34 
 ..32 
 .21 
 .25 
 .20 
 .75 
 
 .38 
 
 .47 
 
 .50 
 
 .38 
 
 . .)>• 
 .51 
 .40 
 .22 
 
 • *•*• 
 
 .44 
 .65 
 .30 
 .38 
 .27 
 
 .32 
 
 .54 
 1.07 
 
 .74 
 1.05 
 
 .46 
 
 .28 
 .28 
 .31 
 .40 
 .30 
 
 .34 
 
 $0.51 
 .37 
 .23 
 .30 
 .2<) 
 .73 
 
 .41 
 
 .53 
 
 .65 
 .43 
 .42 
 .46 
 .62 
 .40 
 .25 
 .26 
 .47 
 .50 
 .42 
 .30 
 .27 
 
 .27 
 
 .30 
 
 $0.46 
 
 roast 
 
 .36 
 
 stew 
 
 .26 
 
 side 
 
 .39 
 
 Beef , salt, corned 
 
 .32 
 
 dried 
 
 .78 
 .43 
 
 .53 
 
 .53 
 .4.) 
 .43 
 .38 
 .4:) 
 .IJ 
 .23 
 .23 
 .43 
 
 .76 
 
 Veal, fresh , cutlet 
 
 
 roast 
 
 .40 
 
 stew 
 
 
 Pork, fresh, chops 
 
 
 roast 
 
 .61 
 
 ■alt, bacon 
 
 .54 
 
 hftmand shoulder 
 
 dde.dry 
 
 .42 
 .40 
 
 pickled 
 
 .40 
 
 If ntton, chops 
 
 .52 
 
 roast 
 
 .41 
 
 stew 
 
 .24 
 
 side 
 
 .24 
 
 Poultry, hens 
 
 .15 
 
 turkey 
 
 .52 
 
 BausaKe 
 
 .41 
 .33 
 .22 
 
 .26 
 
 .38 
 
 1.04 
 
 .60 
 
 .87 
 
 } .39 
 
 .23 
 .28 
 .20 
 .48 
 .30 
 
 \i ■" 
 
 .42 
 .33 
 
 .2;i 
 
 .18 
 
 .60 
 1.22 
 
 .80 
 1.00 
 
 .43 
 
 .23 
 .24 
 
 .21) 
 .48 
 .41 
 
 .42 
 
 .42 
 
 Liver 
 
 .38 
 
 KHney 
 
 .26 
 
 Brain-t 
 
 
 Pii'sfeet 
 
 
 Vnulloaf 
 
 
 Rablilt 
 
 
 Canned, potted hfof 
 
 .40 
 
 pork 
 
 .95 
 
 Cooked meat , ham 
 
 .86 
 
 .77 
 
 ton Pile 
 
 .04 
 
 twIo^Tia 
 
 .41 
 
 .26 
 
 .20 
 .28 
 .47 
 .26 
 
 .40 
 
 .43 
 .28 
 
 corned tieef 
 
 W\ah , fresh 
 
 lalt 
 
 .23 
 
 canned salmon 
 
 .W 
 
 canned tuna 
 
 .48 
 
 Oysters 
 
 .33 
 
 (jrabs :.::::::::.:: 
 
 .38 
 
 Clama 
 
 46
 
 46 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 T.\BLE I,-C08T OF FOOD PER POUND IN THE SEVERAL SECTIONS OF WASHTNOTON, 
 
 D. C, ON AUG. 19, 1919— Continued. 
 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 Southwest. 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Average 
 
 Item. 
 
 Down 
 town. 
 
 Up town. 
 
 cost per 
 pound 
 
 Dairy prudiicls. 
 Milk, whole 
 
 $0.07 
 .22 
 .08 
 .30 
 
 $0.07 
 .18 
 .07 
 .30 
 
 $0.07 
 .19 
 .07 
 .30 
 .36 
 .68 
 .43 
 
 .69 
 
 .42 
 .40 
 
 .08 
 .08 
 .08 
 
 .00 
 
 .11 
 
 .14 
 .27 
 .09 
 .51 
 .11 
 .11 
 .10 
 
 $0.07 
 .21 
 .08 
 .32 
 .37 
 .68 
 .44 
 
 .61 
 
 .42 
 .41 
 
 .08 
 .08 
 .09 
 .07 
 .15 
 .14 
 .28 
 .11 
 .5.5 
 .10 
 .10 
 .11 
 
 $0.07 
 .20 
 .08 
 .32 
 .40 
 .68 
 .48 
 
 1 .63 
 
 .40 
 .39 
 
 .07 
 .06 
 .08 
 .07 
 .07 
 .13 
 .26 
 .06 
 .52 
 .10 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 $0 07 
 
 condensed, evaporated.. 
 Buttermilk 
 
 .07 
 
 Cream 
 
 .31 
 
 Icecream ..... 
 
 .37 
 
 Butter 
 
 .68 
 .42 
 
 \ .60 
 
 .42 
 
 .38 
 
 .08 
 
 .68 
 .47 
 
 .80 
 
 .43 
 
 .40 
 
 .08 
 
 .68 
 
 Cheese, American 
 
 .44 
 
 cottage 
 
 
 cream 
 
 .62 
 
 Lard 
 
 .42 
 
 Eggs 
 
 .40 
 
 Cereais. 
 Flour, wheat 
 
 08 
 
 rye 
 
 .07 
 
 ( raham 
 
 
 
 .08 
 
 Com meal 
 
 .06 
 .06 
 .14 
 .27 
 .11 
 .59 
 .11 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 .06 
 .06 
 .14 
 .28 
 .07 
 .60 
 .09 
 .11 
 .10 
 
 .06 
 
 Hominy or grits 
 
 .11 
 
 Cream of Wheat 
 
 .14 
 
 Com Hakes 
 
 .27 
 
 Rolled oats 
 
 .10 
 
 Puffed rice 
 
 .55 
 
 Bread, wheat 
 
 .10 
 
 rye 
 
 .10 
 
 Graham 
 
 .10 
 
 Rolls 
 
 .20 
 
 Crackers 
 
 .29 
 .36 
 .16 
 
 .21 
 
 .10 
 
 .14 
 
 .26 
 
 .11 
 
 .19 
 
 .23 
 .35 
 .18 
 
 .23 
 
 .16 
 
 .11 
 .31 
 
 .11 
 .11 
 .80 
 
 .06 
 
 .07 
 .13 
 .10 
 .14 
 14 
 .12 
 .05 
 .03 
 .20 
 
 . 25 
 .38 
 .18 
 
 .25 
 
 .10 
 
 .11 
 .27 
 
 .11 
 
 .18 
 .49 
 
 .06 
 .09 
 .13 
 .10 
 .16 
 .16 
 .18 
 .07 
 04 
 .10 
 
 .21 
 .23 
 .2.5 
 .25 
 .30 
 
 .27 
 .31 
 
 .19 
 .31 
 .14 
 
 .22 
 
 .17 
 
 .11 
 .25 
 
 .11 
 .19 
 .64 
 
 .06 
 .11 
 .16 
 
 .09 
 .14 
 .14 
 .20 
 .07 
 .06 
 .13 
 
 .26 
 .33 
 
 .20 
 .33 
 .45 
 
 .26 
 .26 
 .18 
 
 .34 
 
 .21 
 .35 
 
 .23 
 
 Cake 
 
 .36 
 
 Pies 
 
 .16 
 
 Macaroni 
 
 .24 
 
 .16 
 
 .11 
 .22 
 
 .11 
 .13 
 .64 
 
 .07 
 .09 
 .16 
 .08 
 .17 
 .13 
 .21 
 .06 
 .04 
 .12 
 
 .26 
 .36 
 .25 
 .32 
 .81 
 
 .26 
 
 .30 
 .24 
 
 .27 
 
 
 
 .23 
 
 Noodles 
 
 
 Rice 
 
 .16 
 
 Cornstarch 
 
 .12 
 
 Tapioca 
 
 .20 
 
 Swjar. 
 Bupar 
 
 .11 
 
 
 
 Mola-sses 
 
 .17 
 
 
 
 Candy 
 
 .63 
 
 Frah truitt. 
 Apples 
 
 .06 
 .00 
 .14 
 .11 
 .12 
 .13 
 .14 
 .06 
 .02 
 .11 
 
 .20 
 .28 
 .22 
 .28 
 .28 
 
 .22 
 .29 
 .22 
 
 \ .32 
 
 .06 
 
 Peaches 
 
 .10 
 
 Ban' nas 
 
 .14 
 
 Leni'.ri-; 
 
 .10 
 
 Oralis. -^ 
 
 Grapes 
 
 14 
 .14 
 
 Berries 
 
 .17 
 
 Cantaloupe 
 
 .00 
 
 Watf rmeloTi 
 
 .04 
 
 Pears and others 
 
 .13 
 
 Fruit » dried. 
 Apples ,. 
 
 .22 
 
 Pninf'S 
 
 .30 
 .22 
 .22 
 .25 
 
 .19 
 .23 
 
 .29 
 
 Kai-ins ..... . 
 
 .23 
 
 Peaf nes 
 
 .27 
 
 Apricots 
 
 .33 
 
 Fruit* , cnnrud. 
 Peaches 
 
 .28 
 
 Pineapple 
 
 .27 
 
 Berries 
 
 .21 
 
 lellv 
 
 .82 
 
 .32 
 
 .33 
 
 Fruit butters
 
 APPENDIX A. — COST OF FOOD. 
 
 47 
 
 Table I — COST OF FOOD PER POUND IN THE SEVERAL SECTIONS OF WASHINGTON, 
 
 D. C, ON AUQ. 19, 1919— Concluded. 
 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 1 
 Southwest. 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Average 
 
 Item. 
 
 Down 
 town. 
 
 Up town. 
 
 cost per 
 pound. 
 
 Vegetables, fresh. 
 Potatoes, vrhite 
 
 JO. 05 
 .09 
 .07 
 .06 
 .12 
 .06 
 .08 
 .07 
 .07 
 .24 
 .10 
 .07 
 .03 
 .04 
 .09 
 .22 
 
 i .30 
 
 .14 
 
 .16 
 .15 
 
 .15 
 .14 
 .14 
 .10 
 .39 
 .15 
 
 .34 
 .70 
 .40 
 
 .43 
 
 .43 
 
 43 
 
 .48 
 
 .37 
 .33 
 
 .77 
 .63 
 .M 
 1.26 
 .18 
 
 JO. 03 
 .08 
 .07 
 
 JO. 05 
 .08 
 .07 
 .07 
 .08 
 .06 
 .09 
 .10 
 .07 
 .33 
 .12 
 .07 
 .04 
 .04 
 .08 
 .19 
 
 .22 
 
 .13 
 .13 
 .16 
 
 .11 
 
 .1.5 
 .14 
 .12 
 .30 
 .16 
 
 .86 
 
 .73 
 .40 
 
 .42 
 .81 
 .49 
 .44 
 
 .41 
 .36 
 
 .76 
 .61 
 .64 
 1.60 
 .IS 
 
 jao5 
 
 .08 
 .07 
 .06 
 .11 
 .07 
 .10 
 .09 
 .07 
 .31 
 .10 
 .07 
 .03 
 .04 
 .08 
 .20 
 
 .46 
 
 .12 
 .12 
 .17 
 
 .14 
 .18 
 .16 
 .14 
 .39 
 .18 
 
 .88 
 .49 
 .41 
 
 .47 
 .29 
 .60 
 .40 
 
 .43 
 
 .84 
 
 .83 
 .64 
 .86 
 1.66 
 . M 
 
 $0.05 
 .08 
 .06 
 .06 
 .08 
 .06 
 .09 
 .09 
 .07 
 .27 
 .10 
 .07 
 .03 
 .04 
 .08 
 .20 
 
 .29 
 
 .13 
 .12 
 .14 
 
 .10 
 .16 
 .14 
 .12 
 .38 
 .12 
 
 .38 
 .67 
 .88 
 
 .40 
 .24 
 .48 
 .50 
 
 .38 
 .36 
 
 .67 
 .44 
 .63 
 1.63 
 . 16 
 
 $0.05 
 08 
 
 sweet 
 
 Cabbage 
 
 07 
 
 Spinach 
 
 06 
 
 Peas 
 
 
 .09 
 
 Beans string 
 
 .06 
 .10 
 .08 
 .07 
 .29 
 .15 
 .07 
 .03 
 
 06 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 09 
 
 Onions 
 
 .09 
 
 Com 
 
 .07 
 
 Lettuce 
 
 .30 
 
 Celery 
 
 .11 
 
 Beets 
 
 07 
 
 Carrots 
 
 .03 
 
 turnips 
 
 .04 
 
 Sauerkraut 
 
 
 .08 
 
 AsparafniR 
 
 .13 
 
 .50 
 
 .14 
 
 .19 
 
 Cauliflower ... 
 
 
 Parsnips 
 
 32 
 
 Peppers 
 
 
 Vegetables, d.ied. 
 Beans, navy 
 
 .13 
 
 Peas 
 
 .13 
 
 Beans lima 
 
 .15 
 
 .16 
 .20 
 
 .20 
 .17 
 .37 
 .18 
 
 .87 
 .78 
 .38 
 
 .46 
 
 2,5 
 .50 
 .60 
 
 .38 
 .35 
 
 .77 
 .48 
 .05 
 1.44 
 .21 
 
 .15 
 
 Vegetables, canned. 
 Bean.' bak«1 
 
 .13 
 
 I>eas..' 
 
 .16 
 
 Corn 
 
 .16 
 
 
 .13 
 
 AsnaraKUB 
 
 .36 
 
 Beans string 
 
 .17 
 
 VegtteMe oU. 
 
 .35 
 
 Cotton-seed oil 
 
 
 
 .M 
 
 Jiazola 
 
 
 Crlsco 
 
 .40 
 
 
 .44 
 
 Peanut butter 
 
 .32 
 
 
 .48 
 
 Nuts 
 
 .45 
 
 iHxed fats. 
 pie<. 
 
 .40 
 
 Lard romponnd 
 
 .34 
 
 JditceUaneous Uems. 
 Toa 
 
 .78 
 
 
 .52 
 
 Riibstltute 
 
 .74 
 
 
 1.51 
 
 Cannnd soup ... 
 
 . IS 
 

 
 48 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 Table n.-ANXUAL COST ANP QUANTITY OF FOOD FOR A FAMILY OF FIVE (HUS- 
 BAND. WIFE, AND THREE CHILDREN— BOY AGED 2, GIRL 6, AND BOY 11). 
 
 Item 
 
 Meat. 
 
 Beef, fresh, steak 
 
 rai-st 
 
 stew 
 
 side 
 
 Beef, salt, corned 
 
 dried 
 
 Veal, fresh, cutlet 
 
 roast 
 
 stew 
 
 Pork, fresh, chops 
 
 roa.<;t 
 
 salt, bacon 
 
 ham and .<;houlder . . 
 
 side, dry 
 
 pickled 
 
 Mutton, chops 
 
 roast 
 
 stew 
 
 side 
 
 Poultry, hens , 
 
 turkey , 
 
 Bausage 
 
 Liver 
 
 Kidney , 
 
 Brain-s 
 
 Pig's feet 
 
 Veal loaf 
 
 Ribbit , 
 
 Canned, potted beef. , 
 
 pork , 
 
 Cooked meat, ham , 
 
 tonirue 
 
 bolo^'na 
 
 corned beef 
 
 riih 
 
 .Average 
 annual 
 
 n"^"-, Avcracc 
 
 food, in '^^ 
 
 pciunds ^ 
 ■280 
 fami- 
 lies). 
 
 Fish, fresh 
 
 salt 
 
 canned salmon. 
 
 canned tuna 
 
 Oysters 
 
 Crabs 
 
 Clams 
 
 Dairy products . 
 
 MJ Ik, whole 
 
 condensed, evapo- 
 rated 
 
 Buttermilk 
 
 Cream 
 
 Ice cream 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cheese, American 
 
 cottage 
 
 cream 
 
 Lard 
 Egss. 
 
 Cereals. 
 
 Flour, wheat 
 
 rye 
 
 Graham... 
 
 Com meal 
 
 Hominy or grits.. 
 Cream of 'W heat . 
 
 Corn flakes 
 
 Boiled oats 
 
 430.3 
 
 74.8 
 62.7 
 46.6 
 19.5 
 10.1 
 .6 
 
 21.9 
 
 38.2 
 
 19.3 
 
 17.6 
 
 6.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 7.3 
 
 11.1 
 
 12.7 
 
 .1 
 
 23.4 
 
 3.6 
 
 16.2 
 
 9.5 
 
 1.3 
 
 fi. 5 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 8.3 
 
 .5 
 
 '.■. 5 
 
 67.9 
 
 41.0 
 4.5 
 
 10.0 
 1.6 
 5.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 1,182.8 
 
 930.9 
 
 '.5.2 
 75.6 
 .3.0 
 7.9 
 M).3 
 13.6 
 
 \ 6.3 
 
 36.7 
 102.1 
 
 1, 152. 2 
 
 £.32.2 
 11.7 
 45.9 
 63.8 
 IZl 
 7.1 
 4.4 
 £7.6 
 
 pound. 
 
 An- 
 nual 
 cost 
 per 
 item. 
 
 SO. 46 
 .35 
 .26 
 .39 
 .32 
 .76 
 
 .40 
 .61 
 
 $176. 76 
 
 34.41 
 
 21.95 
 
 12.12 
 
 7.61 
 
 3.23 
 
 .46 
 
 g.76 
 19.48 
 
 .26 
 
 64 
 
 10.42 
 
 42 
 
 7.35 
 
 40 
 
 2.76 
 
 40 
 
 .72 
 
 52 
 
 3.80 
 
 41 
 
 4.55 
 
 24 
 
 3.05 
 
 24 
 
 .02 
 
 45 
 
 10.53 
 
 52 
 
 1.87 
 
 42 
 
 6.80 
 
 38 
 
 3.61 
 
 25 
 
 .33 
 
 65.16 
 
 13.04 
 
 5.29 
 
 .93 
 
 2.^2 
 
 54.60 
 5.98 
 
 .42 15.41 
 
 . 40 40. 84 ' 
 
 121. 89 
 
 08 
 
 26.58 
 
 07 
 
 .82 
 
 08 
 
 3.67 
 
 0« 
 
 3.83 
 
 11 
 
 1.33 
 
 14 
 
 .99 
 
 27 
 
 1.19 
 
 10 
 
 6.76 
 
 Item. 
 
 Puffed rice 
 
 Bread, wheat 
 
 rye 
 
 Graliam . 
 
 Rolls 
 
 Crackers 
 
 Cake 
 
 Pies 
 
 Macaroni 
 
 Spaghetti 
 
 Noodles 
 
 Rice 
 
 Starch group. 
 
 Cornstarch . 
 Tapioca 
 
 Sugar group. 
 
 Sufjar 
 
 Corn sirup. 
 Molasses . . . 
 
 Honey 
 
 Can Iv 
 
 Fresh fruits. 
 
 Apples 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Battm.iS 
 
 LcmoiLS 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Crapes 
 
 Berries 
 
 Canteloupe 
 
 Watermelon 
 
 Pears and others. 
 
 Fruits, dried. 
 
 Apples 
 
 Prunes 
 
 Raisins, eurranls. 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Fruits, canned. 
 
 Peache.s 
 
 Pineapr)le 
 
 Bel ries 
 
 Jelly 
 
 Fruit butters. 
 
 Vegetables, fresh . 
 
 Potatoes, white, 
 sweet. 
 
 Cabbage 
 
 Spinach 
 
 Peas 
 
 Beans, string 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 Onions 
 
 Com 
 
 Lettuce 
 
 Celery 
 
 Beets 
 
 Carrots 
 
 Turnips 
 
 Sauerkraut 
 
 Asparagus 
 
 Average 
 annual 
 quan- 
 tity of 
 food, in 
 poimds 
 
 (L'SO 
 
 fami- 
 lies). 
 
 1.1 
 
 456.6 
 
 21.5 
 
 2.3 
 22.0 
 17.8 
 15.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 32.6 
 
 44.2 
 
 6.9 
 
 4.3 
 1.6 
 
 208.1 
 
 162.9 
 
 35.5 
 
 9.7 
 
 400.9 
 
 204.1 
 
 27.7 
 30.5 
 '.1.7 
 2I». 7 
 1.3.8 
 18.4 
 10.1 
 l.""). 1 
 35.8 
 
 30.1 
 
 1.2 
 
 14. H 
 
 11.1 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 3.0 
 1.5 
 1.7 
 
 9.8 
 
 1, 260. 
 
 738.2 
 47.9 
 70.9 
 2J.3 
 11.4 
 37.3 
 87.3 
 73.0 
 35.8 
 10.3 
 C.8 
 24.1 
 35.5 
 23. 1 
 4.5 
 2.2 
 
 Average 
 
 cost 
 
 per 
 pound. 
 
 $0.65 
 .10 
 .10 
 .10 
 .20 
 .23 
 .36 
 .16 
 
 .23 
 
 .16 
 
 .12 
 .26 
 
 .11 
 .17 
 .63 
 
 .0« 
 .10 
 .14 
 .10 
 .14 
 .14 
 .17 
 .06 
 .04 
 .13 
 
 .22 
 
 .29 
 .23 
 .27 
 .33 
 
 .25 
 .27 
 .21 
 
 .32 
 
 .06 
 
 .08 
 .07 
 .06 
 .09 
 06 
 .09 
 .09 
 .07 
 .30 
 .11 
 .07 
 .03 
 .04 
 .08 
 .19 
 
 An- 
 nual 
 cost 
 
 per 
 item. 
 
 $0.61 
 
 45. 06 
 
 2.15 
 
 .23 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.09 
 
 5.44 
 
 .67 
 
 7.60 
 
 7.-07 
 
 .94 
 
 .62 
 .42 
 
 30.07 
 
 17.92 
 6.04 
 6.11 
 
 36.18 
 
 12.25 
 
 2.77 
 
 5.11 
 
 .97 
 
 4.16 
 
 L93 
 
 3.13 
 
 .61 
 
 .60 
 
 4.6S 
 
 8.01 
 
 .26 
 
 4.29 
 
 2.66 
 
 .38 
 
 .63 
 
 4.66 
 
 .76 
 .41 
 .36 
 
 3.14 
 
 82.^0 
 
 36.01 
 
 3.S:j 
 
 6.38 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.03 
 
 2.24 
 
 7.86 
 
 0.62 
 
 2.51 
 
 3.09 
 
 .75 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.07 
 
 .92 
 
 .36 
 
 .42
 
 APPENDIX A. COST OF FOOD. 
 
 49 
 
 Table n.— ANNUAL COST AND QUANTITY OP POOD FOR A PAMILY OF FIVE (HUS- 
 BAND, WIFE, AND THREE CHILDREN— BOY AGED 2, GIRL 5, AND BOY 11)— Concluded. 
 
 Item. 
 
 Ayer^e- 
 annual 
 quan- 
 tity of 
 food, in 
 pounds 
 (2>i0 
 fami- 
 nes). 
 
 Average 
 
 cost 
 
 per 
 pound. 
 
 An- 
 nual 
 
 cost 
 
 per 
 
 item 
 
 Item. 
 
 Average 
 annual 
 quan- 
 tity of 
 foo<l, in 
 pounds 
 (280 
 fami- 
 lies). 
 
 Averse 
 
 fOSt 
 
 per 
 pound. 
 
 An- 
 nual 
 cost 
 per 
 item 
 
 Cauliflower... 
 
 20.8 
 
 44.3 
 
 24.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 14.8 
 
 43.9 
 
 5.2 
 10.1 
 
 9.3 
 
 18.0 
 
 .3 
 
 1.0 
 
 17.5 
 
 3.9 
 
 } 6.5 
 
 7.1 
 
 SO. 32 
 
 
 
 .13 
 .13 
 .15 
 
 .13 
 .16 
 .16 
 .13 
 .35 
 .17 
 
 
 
 .35 
 .60 
 .40 
 
 $6.66 
 
 «.05 
 
 3.13 
 
 .70 
 
 2.22 
 
 6.41 
 
 .68 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.49 
 
 2.34 
 
 .11 
 
 .17 
 
 8.11 
 
 1.37 
 3.90 
 3.84 
 
 Miscellaneous vege- 
 table food 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 11.9 
 
 1.2 
 
 4.7 
 
 5.3 
 
 .7 
 
 26.3 
 
 13.0 
 13.3 
 
 56.7 
 
 9.8 
 
 39.6 
 
 1.0 
 
 .9 
 5.0 
 
 .4 
 
 >2,800.0 
 
 $0.44 
 
 .32 
 .48 
 .45 
 
 .40 
 .34 
 
 .78 
 
 .53 
 
 .74 
 
 1.51 
 
 .18 
 
 
 Piwsnips 
 
 Pcupers 
 
 S4.83 
 
 
 . i5 
 
 Vegetables, dried.. 
 
 Peanut butter... ...... 
 
 1. ol' 
 
 
 Cocoa 1 
 
 2 54 
 
 Beans, nary 
 
 Nuts 
 
 .32 
 
 I'oas 
 
 Mixed fats 
 
 
 Beans, lima 
 
 1.72 
 
 Vegetables, canned 
 
 Oleo 
 
 5.20 
 
 
 Lard compound 
 
 4.52 
 
 Beans, baked 
 
 Miscellaneous items 
 Tea.. 
 
 
 I'c-.is 
 
 31.23 
 
 Com 
 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 7 64 
 
 A rparagus 
 
 Coffee 
 
 20 59 
 
 Beatt), string 
 
 subst i tute 
 
 .74 
 
 
 Gelat in 
 
 1.36 
 
 Vegetable oU 
 
 Canned soup 
 
 .90 
 
 
 Miscellaneous food 
 
 Ice 
 
 
 Nut margarine 
 
 
 
 Cottonseed oiL 
 
 18 (Ml 
 
 Oliv^ nil* M!i7ol!\ 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Crisco 
 
 
 
 773 93 
 
 
 Cost per man per day 
 
 
 
 
 
 .633 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 potmds daily for 4 montlu, approximately June to September, inclu:iive.
 
 APPENDIX B.— RENTS OF HOUSES AND APARTMENTS IN ALL SECTIONS 
 
 OF WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Tlio rents beins; paid for apartmoiits and houses in the various 
 sections of Washington, D. C, together with the expenses for fuel 
 and hght duruig the year, are shown in the following tables: 
 
 COST OF RENT.S-UN FURNISHED APARTMENTS. 
 
 Four rooms and bath. 
 
 
 With 
 eleva- 
 tor? 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent 
 in- 
 cludes 
 light? 
 
 Expenses for fuel and 
 light during year. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 
 !,'U9t, 
 
 1919. 
 
 Gas or 
 kero- 
 sene. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 NoTlhlVMt. 
 
 Fourteenth and X Streets 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No. . 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No. . 
 No.. 
 .No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Ye8. 
 
 First.... 
 Fourth.. 
 Fourth.. 
 Si.xth . . . 
 First.... 
 Seventh. 
 Seventh. 
 Third... 
 Second . 
 
 S27. 50 
 32.50 
 37.50 
 37.50 
 27. .50 
 35.00 
 34.00 
 40.00 
 
 $.12. 50 
 42. 50 
 '46.25 
 1 46.75 
 27. 50 
 40.00 
 38. 00 
 40.00 
 
 54. 00 
 25. 50 
 36. flO 
 .50. 00 
 32. 50 
 28.50 
 38.50 
 46.00 
 35.00 
 47.00 
 30. .50 
 
 55. 00 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No. . . 
 Yes . . 
 
 J,54. 00 
 
 30. (H) 
 
 12.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 (») 
 42.00 
 24.00 
 16.00 
 
 (») 
 21.00 
 29.00 
 
 (») 
 48.00 
 
 iis.'oo' 
 
 36.00 
 
 16.20 
 
 (') 
 
 'i8.'6o' 
 
 17.40 
 (>) 
 
 "36." 66' 
 
 (') 
 
 $54.00 
 
 Seventeenth and M Streets 
 
 48.00 
 
 Fift" nth and I. Streets 
 
 48.00 
 
 Do 
 
 21.20 
 
 Elcvruth and N Streets 
 
 (■) 
 
 Do 
 
 42.00 
 
 Do 
 
 42.00 
 
 Twelfth and L Streets 
 
 33.40 
 
 Fouri"enth and M Streets 
 
 (») 
 21.00 
 
 Thirteenth and N Streets 
 
 Third . . . 
 
 
 T'nlli and N Streets 
 
 Second. . 
 
 
 65.00 
 
 Ninth and L Streets 
 
 Fourth.. 
 Third... 
 
 
 (') 
 48.00 
 
 Fourth and F Streets 
 
 Third and D Streets 
 
 Third. 
 
 
 
 Fourth and F Streets 
 
 First 
 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 
 36.00 
 
 (') 
 20.00 
 24.00 
 10.00 
 
 (3) 
 48.00 
 30.00 
 25.00 
 
 48.00 
 18.00 
 15.00 
 36.00 
 50.00 
 18.00 
 
 {') 
 15.00 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 33.00 
 12.00 
 
 "(»)"■■ 
 
 '36.' 66' 
 
 12.00 
 
 (•) 
 
 '24.'66' 
 18.00 
 
 '24.'66' 
 22.00 
 
 'i2.'66' 
 
 (') 
 
 39.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 Eighth and M Streets 
 
 New Jersey Avenue and L Street 
 
 Third. 
 
 
 (') 
 
 Second. . 
 Third... 
 Third... 
 
 30.00 
 43.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 Fifteenth and N Streets 
 
 60.00 
 
 Eighteenth and G Streets 
 
 22.00 
 
 Nineteenth and G Streets 
 
 Fourth 
 
 
 48.00 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourth.. 
 Third... 
 Seventh. 
 
 Sixth... 
 Second . 
 
 'io.bb' 
 
 40.00 
 
 30. 00 
 35.00 
 45.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 29. 50 
 25.00 
 40.00 
 31.50 
 29.00 
 75.00 
 45. 00 
 27. .50 
 30.00 
 
 30. .50 
 .35.00 
 36. fK) 
 45.00 
 30.00 
 46.75 
 
 « 2.5.00 
 32. ,50 
 45. W 
 28.50 
 32.50 
 27.50 
 35.00 
 45.00 
 
 Twenty-second and I Streets 
 
 64.00 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue and Washington 
 Circle. 
 
 Do 
 
 43.00 
 48.00 
 
 Fifteenth and O Streets 
 
 42.00 
 
 Seventeenth and T Streets 
 
 Eighteenth and It Streets 
 
 Fourth.. 
 Third... 
 
 25.00 
 
 37.00 
 36.00 
 
 Seventeenth and Corcoran Streets 
 
 Twrnty-Orst and Str.-iis 
 
 Fourth.. 
 First 
 
 31.60 
 
 60.00 
 30.00 
 
 T ■•■•'•-'] rst and N Streets 
 
 Second 
 
 
 64.00 
 
 :ith and Church Streets 
 
 Sixth... 
 Fourth.. 
 
 
 ■1 1 h and W Streets 
 
 30.00 
 
 Uo 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourth.. 
 Third. 
 
 
 31.00 
 33.00 
 
 Founeenth and T Streets 
 
 Third... 
 
 
 12.00 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourth 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Third... 
 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 (•) 
 
 8.40 
 36.00 
 14.00 
 30.00 
 36.00 
 14.00 
 60.00 
 24.f)0 
 18.00 
 19. 80 
 24.00 
 
 7.20 
 18. (X) 
 12. &) 
 18.00 
 15.00 
 
 9.00 
 60.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 'i5.'66' 
 
 24.00 
 21.60 
 
 '36.66' 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 21.00 
 18.00 
 36.00 
 17.60 
 24.00 
 20.00 
 18.00 
 
 (•) 
 
 24.40 
 
 72.00 
 
 Do 
 
 Seventeenth and T Streets 
 
 Third... 
 Third. 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourth 
 
 
 14. (X) 
 
 Fifteenth and t^ Street.s 
 
 Second. . 
 Finn.... 
 Third... 
 
 
 45.00 
 
 Fif!' rnth and T Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and W Sir -c is 
 
 60.00 
 36.60 
 
 Seventeenth and T Str-eis 
 
 Second.. 
 
 
 60.00 
 
 Do 
 
 Third.. 
 
 
 64.00 
 
 Fourteenth and Clifton Streets 
 
 Third... 
 Fourth 
 
 35.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 Do 
 
 49.80 
 
 Do 
 
 Third."' 
 
 50.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 Fourteenth and Harvard Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Third... 
 Basement 
 
 First 
 
 Second. . 
 
 37.50 
 
 37.50 
 37.50 
 .37.00 
 41. .50 
 37.50 
 55.00 
 32.60 
 
 2.5.20 
 54.00 
 30. fX) 
 42.00 
 
 Founeenth Street and Columbia Road 
 
 Fourteenth and Fairmont Streets 
 
 Sf;cond. . 
 Fifth . . 
 
 
 35. 00 
 27.00 
 
 Do 
 
 First....! 
 
 60.00 
 
 I Rents to new tenants for $100. 
 'Not reported. 
 
 • Lived here less than 1 year. 
 
 * Rents to new tenants lor $40. 
 
 50
 
 APPENDIX B. — RENTS OF HOUSES AND APAETMENTS. 
 
 51 
 
 COST OF RENTS— UNFURNISHED APARTMENTS— Continued. 
 Four rooms and bath — Concluded. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 With 
 eleva- 
 tor? 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 1914 
 
 Aii- 
 1919. 
 
 Rent 
 
 in- 
 chirles 
 light? 
 
 Expenses for fuel and 
 light tluring year. 
 
 Gas or 
 kero- 
 sene. 
 
 Fleo- 
 tric- 
 >ty. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Northwest— Concluded. 
 
 Sixteenth and Lamcmt Streets 
 
 Do , 
 
 Twenty-first and California Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and Newton Streets 
 
 Sixteenth Street and Park Road 
 
 Tliirieenth and Fairmont Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Eighteenth Street and Columbia Road 
 
 Kalorama and Ontario Road 
 
 Thirteenth and Belmont Streets 
 
 Thirteenth and Kenyon Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and Meridian Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Eighteenth and Belmont Streets 
 
 Seventeenth Street and Columbia Road... 
 
 Sixteenth and Euclid Streets 
 
 Sixteenth and Kenyon Streets 
 
 Fifth Street and Rhode Island Avenue 
 
 Sixth and Irving Streets 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Sixth and A Streets.. 
 Second and T Streets. 
 
 Do 
 
 Third and B Streets.. 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 Sixth and East Capitol Streets . 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 First and E Streets 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 Yes 
 No. 
 Yes 
 No. 
 No. 
 Yes 
 Yes 
 Yes 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes . 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 First 
 
 Second.. 
 
 Fourth.. 
 
 Third... 
 
 F'ir.st.... 
 
 Fii-si.. 
 
 Fourth 
 
 Third. 
 
 Fourth. . 
 
 Foiuih 
 
 Second. . 
 
 Fir.sl... 
 
 First... 
 
 Second. 
 
 Fifth... 
 
 Third.. 
 
 Second. 
 
 Second. 
 
 Second. 
 
 Second. 
 
 $35.00 
 37.50 
 
 First... 
 First... 
 Third.. 
 Second. 
 
 First... 
 Tliird.. 
 Second. 
 Third.. 
 
 22.50 
 
 30.50 
 28.50 
 
 30.00 
 
 32.50 
 20.50 
 
 $38. 50 
 40.00 
 53.00 
 31. .35 
 27.50 
 05.00 
 35.00 
 36.00 
 65. 00 
 
 100. 00 
 35.00 
 37. .50 
 35.50 
 37.50 
 60.00 
 55.00 
 36.50 
 3S. 50 
 35.00 
 32.50 
 
 30.00 
 25. 00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 32.50 
 :!(). 00 
 35. 50 
 22.50 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.- 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 .$30. 00 
 
 IS. 24 
 
 6.50 
 
 24.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 (') 
 15.00 
 42.00 
 
 (») 
 
 (^) 
 42.00 
 
 7.20 
 18.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 33.00 
 36.00 
 
 C) 
 16.80 
 48.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 18.00 
 13.50 
 
 24.00 
 2100 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 $3aoo 
 
 15.60 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 (') 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 
 (') 
 
 (^) 
 48.00 
 16.80 
 1.5.00 
 IS. 00 
 24.00 
 24. 00 
 30.00 
 
 (') 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 20.40 
 18.00 
 13.50 
 
 2-1.00 
 18.00 
 
 $66.00 
 
 33.84 
 
 6.50 
 
 54.00 
 
 66.00 
 
 (') 
 
 33.00 
 
 63.00 
 
 (.') 
 
 (}) 
 
 90.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 48.00 
 
 57.00 
 
 66.00 
 
 (') 
 
 34.80 
 48. 00 
 
 36.00 
 42.00 
 36. 00 
 27.00 
 
 48.00 
 42. 00 
 30. (H) 
 36,00 
 
 Five rooms and bath. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Fifteenth and U Btreet.i 
 
 Do 
 
 Fifteenth and 8 Street.'* 
 
 Fourteenth and T Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Eighteenth airl M Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and R Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourteenth and W Streets 
 
 Seventeenth and T Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Kighleenth and 8 Street.'^ 
 
 Thirli'cnth and Monroe Streets 
 
 i.ik;liti;enth .Street and I'Morida Avenue... 
 Eighteenth Street and Coluiuljin Itoad... 
 Fourteenth and Fairmont Strools 
 
 Do 
 
 Fourteenth Street and Coluuibiu Road... 
 
 Eighteenth and California Streets 
 
 Bevi'n'centh Street and Columbia Road. . 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Eighteenth Street near Mliitwooil i'laoo.. 
 
 Ek'hteenth and Wyoming StreeLs 
 
 Twenty-first an'l California Streets 
 
 EiKtateenlh and V Streets 
 
 > Not reported. 
 
 Fourth. . 
 
 
 $62.26 
 66.00 
 36. 00 
 30, 01) 
 28. 60 
 30.00 
 48. 00 
 46. 00 
 36 00 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yos.. 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 .No. . . 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No. . 
 
 $12.00 
 24.00 
 14.40 
 38.00 
 24.00 
 .30. 00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 .30 00 
 .Kl, Ofl 
 21.00 
 30. 00 
 24.00 
 
 (') 
 27. 00 
 48.00 
 19.20 
 30, 00 
 30. 00 
 36. 00 
 24,00 
 18. 00 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 36.00 
 
 (•) 
 
 $22,00 
 .10.00 
 15, 00 
 
 21.00' 
 20,00 
 
 25,66' 
 18.00 
 
 21.06 
 
 30. 00 
 
 42. 00 
 21,00 
 30,00 
 30, 00 
 
 2i.'oo' 
 
 21,00 
 30. 00 
 30. 00 
 
 Second. . 
 Tliird... 
 Tliir.l... 
 Second. . 
 
 $40. (M> 
 30.60 
 
 First.... 
 Third... 
 Fourth. . 
 Second 
 
 '46.66 
 
 Third .. 
 
 
 40 76 
 37. .50 
 32. .W 
 46. 00 
 ,12 .V) 
 07. 60 
 40. .'.0 
 76. (Kl 
 40,00 
 46, 00 
 62. 26 
 .VI. 60 
 6<l.0(l 
 flO, 00 
 46, 00 
 101 00 
 40. 00 
 
 Second. . 
 
 
 Second.. 
 Third... 
 
 First 
 
 Flr,4t.... 
 Fourth.. 
 
 '46.06' 
 
 Fourth.. 
 Fourth.. 
 Fourth.. 
 Second.. 
 Second . . 
 
 First 
 
 I'ourth 
 
 '46.66 
 
 Second. . 
 Sixth . . . 
 Fourth.. 
 
 48.00 
 
 
 
 $12.00 
 24. 00 
 36. 40 
 68,00 
 39.00 
 36. 00 
 42. (K) 
 44.00 
 30.00 
 81.00 
 39. 00 
 36. (H) 
 48. 00 
 
 (') 
 67,00 
 48,00 
 01.20 
 64.00 
 72, 00 
 66.00 
 21,00 
 39. (1(1 
 48 00 
 60. (K) 
 72,00 
 (•) 
 
 * Lived hero less than 1 year.
 
 52 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 COST OF RFNTS— UNFURNISHED APARTMENTS— Continued. 
 Fivt roortu and bath — Concluded. 
 
 
 With 
 eleva- 
 tor? 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent 
 
 in- 
 cludes 
 light? 
 
 Expenses for fuel :uid 
 light during yciir. 
 
 ujcation (nearest street intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919. 
 
 Gas or 
 kero- 
 sene. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 KoTihicdit— Concluded. 
 
 No.. 
 Yes . 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.- 
 Nn.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No. . 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 >iD.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 Second.. 
 Third... 
 Third . . . 
 Fifth.... 
 
 iis.'oo' 
 
 155.00 
 .50. 00 
 2-). 00 
 50. 00 
 35. 50 
 42.50 
 55.00 
 40. ,50 
 35.00 
 40.00 
 40.50 
 32.50 
 45.50 
 \'S. 50 
 CG. 00 
 45. 00 
 47.60 
 50.00 
 52.50 
 49.50 
 4.5. 00 
 40. 00 
 55.00 
 30. 50 
 52. .50 
 27.50 
 30. 00 
 .50.00 
 52. .50 
 55. 00 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No. .. 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 $.30.00 
 33. 00 
 42.00 
 
 (') 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 42.00 
 48.00 
 2 5.00 
 24. (jO 
 36.00 
 30.00 
 41,00 
 24.00 
 14.00 
 34.00 
 45.00 
 30.00 
 24.00 
 18.00 
 42.00 
 18.00 
 33. 12 
 
 0) 
 »12.00 
 0) 
 18.00 
 24.00 
 60.00 
 24.00 
 .36.00 
 5 6.00 
 48.00 
 
 (') 
 24.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 (') 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 24.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 0) 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 .54.00 
 
 ! 
 
 124.00 
 
 36. 00 
 
 18.00 
 
 (') 
 
 "19.26 
 36.00 
 18.00 
 
 45.66' 
 12.00 
 
 'so.'oo" 
 30.66' 
 
 18.00 
 30. 00 
 30.00 
 36.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 38.00 
 16.20 
 ....... 
 
 ""(')"' 
 21.00 
 18.00 
 
 '24.06' 
 48.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 ■27.'66' 
 "■(■')■■ 
 
 'iioo' 
 
 24.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 («) 
 
 '36.06" 
 
 $54 00 
 
 Twontioth Street aud Cohiinbia Road 
 
 6'J. 00 
 60. (10 
 
 T^AiirtH^nth ftnd Viirlid Sirppts 
 
 (i| 
 
 Do 
 
 First.... 
 Second . 
 
 
 30. 00 
 
 Do 
 
 RftvonTppnth and Church Streets ...... 
 
 40. 20 
 
 Third... 
 Third... 
 
 
 6f. flO 
 
 Klgliteenlh and California Streets 
 
 Kiphtot*nth and T Streets 
 
 60.00 
 
 Third... 
 First 
 
 
 48 00 
 
 Sixtoenlh Street and Cohimhia Road 
 
 50. 00 
 
 Third... 
 
 
 36. 00 
 
 Tliirtp^nth ftnd Harvftrd Stroets 
 
 Second. . 
 
 
 36.00 
 
 Fourteenth Qnfl Clifton Streets 
 
 Third... 
 First.... 
 Fifth.... 
 Sixth... 
 Sixth 
 
 40.00 
 
 Rn.'oo' 
 
 40.00 
 
 60. 00 
 
 North Capitol .street and Randolph Place.. 
 Thirtecntn aivl I .'Streets 
 
 41.00 
 54.00 
 
 
 32.00 
 
 Twvlfth fttrppt and \ffts<;aehiisptts Avftnue 
 
 64.00 
 
 Twelfth and M .-streets 
 
 Second. . 
 
 
 75.00 
 
 Twelfth Street and \'ermont Avenue 
 
 Fourth. . 
 Third... 
 
 45.50 
 
 66.00 
 48.00 
 
 Thirteenth and M Streets 
 
 Fifth.... 
 Third . . . 
 Seventh. 
 Fir.st.... 
 Fifth.... 
 
 45. no 
 
 40.00 
 50.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 Vprmont Avenue and Iowa Circle 
 
 80.00 
 
 Fourteenth and M Streets 
 
 34.20 
 
 Ninth and K Streets 
 
 33.12 
 
 Revi'iith and K Streets 
 
 (') 
 
 Fourth and V Street-; 
 
 First .... 
 Fourth.. 
 Si.xth. .. 
 Second.. 
 First 
 
 25.00 
 '45.'66' 
 
 • 12.00 
 
 Thirteenth and I'. Streets 
 
 (') 
 
 Eleventh and N Streets 
 
 39.00 
 
 Seventh and K Streets 
 
 42.00 
 
 
 60.00 
 
 Twentieth and 11 Streets 
 
 First 
 
 
 32. 50 
 30.50 
 30. 00 
 50. 00 
 75.00 
 55.00 
 
 2,5. .50 
 42. .50 
 38.00 
 33.00 
 ,5,5. 00 
 21.00 
 32.00 
 33.00 
 
 40.00 
 37. ,50 
 3.5.50 
 30. .50 
 40.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 Twonty-first and N Slrepts 
 
 Second.. 
 
 
 36. 00 
 
 Twenty-ninth aiid I Streets 
 
 Twenty-second and I' Streets 
 
 First.... 
 Fourth. . 
 
 
 30. 00 
 96.00 
 
 Thirtieth and G Streets 
 
 Third .. 
 
 
 (') 
 
 Twentieth and Streets 
 
 Third . . . 
 
 
 48.00 
 
 Northeast. 
 North Capitol and P Streets 
 
 Third... 
 Second. 
 
 25.50 
 
 42.00 
 
 Second and IJ S treets 
 
 36.00 
 
 First and R Streets 
 
 First . . . . 
 Third... 
 Second.. 
 
 36. 00 
 28.50 
 
 86. 00 
 
 Eleventh and A .^treets 
 
 40. fX) 
 
 Milk Avenue and Girard Street 
 
 (M 
 
 Thirteenth and H Streets -. 
 
 Second . 
 
 
 24.00 
 
 Eleventh and J' SIhtIs 
 
 Lincolii Roftd and R Street 
 
 Foiiilh.. 
 Second . . 
 
 
 42.00 
 48.00 
 
 Southeoit. 
 Second and East Capitol Streets 
 
 Second.. 
 
 
 48.00 
 
 Third and East Cap to! Streets 
 
 Third... 
 
 
 f) 
 
 Fourth and East Capitol Streets 
 
 First.... 
 
 Second. 
 
 Third... 
 
 
 24.00 
 
 Thjrtef-nih and East Capitol Streets 
 
 Third and A Streets 
 
 24.00 
 84.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Lived hero i»m Uuui i year. 
 
 t Oookx very little.
 
 APPENDIX B. RENTS OF HOUSES AND APARTMENTS. 
 
 53 
 
 COST OF RENTS— UNFURNISHED APARTMENTS— C<H»cludcd. 
 Six rooms and bath. 
 
 Locatioii (ne-irest street intersection). 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Tenth and E Streets 
 
 Eleventh and N Streets 
 
 Eiehteenth and G Streets 
 
 Columliia Road and Mintwood Place 
 
 Seventeenth Street and Columbia Road 
 
 EiKhtetnth .Street and Kalorama Road 
 
 Fourteenth and Chapin Streets 
 
 Eighteenth Street and Wvoming Avenue. . 
 
 Fifteenth and U Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and T Streets 
 
 New Hampshire Avenue and V Street 
 
 Thirtieth Street and Dumbarton Avenue. . 
 North Capitol and Hamilton Streets 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 TweKtJi and A Streets No. 
 
 Do \es. 
 
 With 
 eleva- 
 tor? 
 
 No. 
 
 ■S'cs. 
 
 Yes. 
 
 Yes, 
 
 Yes. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Yes. 
 
 No. 
 
 Yes, 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Second. 
 Third . . 
 Fourth. 
 Third.. 
 Third.. 
 Second. 
 
 Second. 
 Second . 
 Second. 
 Fourth. 
 Fourth. 
 Third.. 
 
 Rem per 
 montn. 
 
 1914 
 
 First... 
 Third.. 
 
 $06.00 
 
 37.06 
 .50.00 
 
 35.50 
 
 35.00 
 35.00 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919. 
 
 f32.50 
 50.00 
 
 120.00 
 85.00 
 61.50 
 55.00 
 45.00 
 50.00 
 46.50 
 43.00 
 93.50 
 35. 50 
 55.00 
 
 40.00 
 37.00 
 
 I 
 
 Rent 
 in- 
 cludes 
 
 light? 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Y"e3. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 Expenses for fuel and 
 light during year. 
 
 Oasor 
 kero- 
 sene. 
 
 Ele<V 
 trio- 
 Ity. 
 
 $35.00 
 12.00 $12.00 
 
 48.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 10.20 
 36.00 
 61.20 
 30.00 
 
 (») 
 60.00 
 
 m 
 
 No... 33.00 
 
 No... 24.00 
 
 36.00 
 24.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 48.00 
 
 27.00 
 («) 
 
 W 
 
 38.00 
 30.00 
 
 Total 
 
 $3-5.00 
 2-1.00 
 
 84.00 
 48.00 
 42.00 
 28.20 
 84.00 
 61.20 
 57.00 
 
 (») 
 60.00 
 
 (*) 
 
 71.00 
 54.00 
 
 I Not reported. 
 
 - Lived tiere less than 1 \ear. 
 
 COST OF RENTS— UNFURNISHED HOUSES. 
 Six rooms and hath. 
 
 ' 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent 
 in- 
 cludes 
 water? 
 
 Expenses for hiel and light past year. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 1014 
 
 Au- 
 
 K>'st, 
 1919. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 gas. 
 
 Flec- 
 trlc- 
 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Newton Stroct and Oak wood Terrace 
 
 Fourtemth arxl Monmp Streets 
 
 
 $.3.1. .10 
 32. 10 
 37. .10 
 3.5.00 
 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 
 No'... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Ves... 
 Yes. . . 
 Yps... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yps... 
 Yes. . . 
 Ye.s... 
 Yes... 
 Yes. . . 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 ^■p.s. . . 
 Yps... 
 No«... 
 No «... 
 Yp*. . . 
 Yps. . . 
 Yes. . . 
 Y-es... 
 Yes... 
 Y08... 
 
 $105. 00 
 
 65. 0(J 
 
 si.no 
 i2n.no 
 70.00 
 0(1. CO 
 60.00 
 33.00 
 
 (') 
 
 loo.no 
 
 CO. no 
 
 CO. (K) 
 
 .5C, 25 
 
 100, no 
 yn.no 
 81.30 
 60.00 
 
 76.00 
 05. (JO 
 f'l 
 6«. 00 
 104.00 
 67. .W) 
 64. C2 
 7.1.00 
 90.00 
 30.00 
 7.1.00 
 
 $-1.00 
 
 "i'.ob 
 
 ■ ■(»)"■ 
 1.00 
 1..10 
 
 "3." on' 
 
 $78.00 
 30. (K) 
 48.00 
 48.00 
 42.00 
 CO. 00 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 
 (•) 
 30.00 
 51.00 
 3U.UU 
 
 CO. on 
 00.00 
 
 4X00 
 CO. (11) 
 
 $45.' 66' 
 48.00 
 
 ...... 
 
 ■(»)" 
 
 0,1. 00 
 
 36.00 
 
 (•J 
 
 4x66' 
 ....... 
 
 jisr.oo 
 9.5 00 
 
 Bixt/-/'Dth Stieetand Park iioad 
 
 $37.50 
 
 132 (JO 
 
 Tliirteeiith and Nr^'ton Streets 
 
 2ij on 
 
 Fifth and Tavlor Str'f Is 
 
 
 .17 .10 
 
 102.00 
 12(> 60 
 
 Fourth and Shepherrl .Stre«'ts 
 
 22. 50 11. 50 
 
 Kenyon Street and (ie'lr^da Avenue 
 
 Fifth imd Quiiicv Streets 
 
 
 3n.oo 
 
 22.50 
 4.5.00 
 Zi.W 
 i1. .50 
 2.1. .K) 
 
 40. no 
 .50. no 
 
 4.5. ."^0 
 
 r.. .50 
 
 2?..'fl 
 
 :c). no 
 4(1. no 
 
 27. .W 
 
 .v) no 
 
 90.00 
 60.00 
 
 (') 
 137 00 
 
 BiTtli Street andKenfer Place 
 
 Filth and I'errv Sir<Pts 
 
 
 Ninth Street and Sluiiherd Place 
 
 
 II.'. .10 
 
 Oeor^'la Avenue u' ' ■' -' -"-cA'ts 
 
 Irvliije Street and ' 
 
 •>••••■ 
 
 99.00 
 III. 2."i 
 
 Ninth Street and '■'• .. .l_ .V venue. . . 
 T-.velfth and N Streets 
 
 
 132 on 
 
 First and I Streets 
 
 25.50 
 
 144 2(1 
 
 Flr><l ;ind N Strr-nts 
 
 Mor^;Iln StriPt .ind New Jersey Avenue 
 
 Befi.nd Street uiid Uhode I>ila!vl Avenue... 
 
 5. 00 48. 00 
 
 (") CJ 
 S. 00 06. 00 
 
 113.00 
 
 212 on 
 
 Thirteetitti Street and rioridn .\ venue 
 
 B<'vente«<n(h and ("111''- 11 -irKctj 
 
 27.50 
 
 "■■(»)'■ 
 26.66 
 
 27. W) 
 
 f«) 
 48.00 
 36.00 
 
 12S.00 
 
 (3| 
 
 Fourteenth ami S 
 
 : .'ill. no 
 
 117 no 
 
 Fotirlxmfh and S '1 
 
 a). 46 
 27.50 
 
 an. 40 
 27. r^ 
 10. .10 
 
 23.00 
 4.1. .10 
 23. .50 
 
 ax SO 
 
 lI'O (Ml 
 
 Thirty -second an, 
 
 1 30. 60 
 
 8.00 1 4.1.00 
 
 Z1.00 
 
 7.00 42.00 
 
 .32.00 
 
 1 48.00 
 
 103 50 
 
 T'.vrnfv-thlrd and 
 
 112.02 
 
 Thirtv-thlrd and << ,-f'.. is 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 Thirtieth and II Strifis 
 
 
 181 00 
 
 Twenty-third and I Streets 
 
 
 02 00 
 
 Twenty-first and F Streets 
 
 3X60 
 
 123.00 
 
 ' Water bill |a.st year was fi.W. 
 * Llvtd here less than 1 year. 
 
 • Water bill last year wa.s $8. 
 
 * Water bill last year was $6.
 
 54 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 COBT OF RENTS— UNFURNISHKD HOUSES Continued. 
 Six rooms and bath — Continued. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 JVortAu'M/— Concluded. 
 
 Forty-seventh and S Streets 
 
 First and S Streets 
 
 First ;ind K Streets 
 
 First :ind U Streets 
 
 First Street and Scaton Place 
 
 Second and Adams Streets 
 
 First Street and Randolph Place. 
 Do 
 
 NoTtheaal. 
 
 Thirtrenth and Girard Streets 
 
 Fifteenth and A Streets 
 
 First and Myrtle Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Twelfth and D Streets 
 
 Fifth and G Streets 
 
 Eleventh and E Streets 
 
 rhirt eenth and V S t reets 
 
 Sixth and F Streets 
 
 Seventh and C Streets 
 
 Seventh and E Streets 
 
 rhini and G Streois 
 
 SLxth and G Street s 
 
 Twelfth and G Streets 
 
 Eighth and B Streets 
 
 Ninth and F Streets 
 
 Do 
 
 Tenth and I Streets 
 
 Sixth and K Streets 
 
 Twelve-and-a-half and B Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and B Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and V Streets 
 
 Third Street and .Massachusetts Avenue. 
 Sixth Street and Massachuselts.V venue. 
 
 Seventeenth and Monroe St reels 
 
 Eighteenth and Irving Streets 
 
 North Capitol and K Streets 
 
 North r^itol and 1' Streets 
 
 Slitli street and Lexington Place 
 
 Fourteenth Street and.Vmes Place 
 
 Fifteenth and Olive .Streets 
 
 First Street and Seaton Plar-e 
 
 Sixteenth and Newton Streets 
 
 Fourteenth and Kearney Streets 
 
 First Street and <iuiney I'lace 
 
 ttfth Street and I-lorid'a ,\ venue 
 
 Ninth and Kearney Streets 
 
 Scmihwut. 
 
 Sixth and G Streets... 
 Eighth and F Streets., 
 Ninth and E Strc<;ts.. 
 Twelfth and (' Streets. 
 Sixth and M Streets... 
 
 SouOieatl. 
 
 First and C Streets 
 
 Serond and D Streets 
 
 Fourth Street and Seward Square. 
 
 Sixth and B Streets 
 
 Fifth and E Streets 
 
 'Eighth and E Strf^ots 
 
 Ninth and A Streets 
 
 Twelfth andC Streets 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 1914 
 
 $25. 50 
 27.50 
 
 20.00 
 22.' so' 
 
 2.'>. .-)() 
 22. 50 
 
 22.50 
 30.' (X)' 
 
 2.5.00 
 25.00 
 
 18. .50 
 26.00 
 
 2.5.' 66 
 
 25.'66' 
 
 2.5.50 
 28.'.5(') 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 I'Jiy. 
 
 .$20. 00 
 ;i:.. 00 
 :io. 00 
 (io.oo 
 
 37. 50 
 30. 50 
 27. 50 
 29. 50 
 
 20.00 
 35. 00 
 20. 00 
 20.00 
 21). ,50 
 22. .50 
 22. 50 
 18. .50 
 
 28. 50 
 25. 50 
 22. .50 
 25. .50 
 22. .50 
 IS. ,50 
 30.00 
 25. 50 
 25. 00 
 25. 00 
 25. 50 
 l(i. 50 
 18. .50 
 2(). 00 
 25. 50 
 2t).00 
 2(;. 50 
 2S. .50 
 23. 50 
 20. .50 
 (iO. 00 
 2C.. .50 
 23.00 
 25. .50 
 27. ,50 
 4,5.00 
 2,5. .50 
 
 29. .50 
 31. .50 
 
 20.50 
 25.50 
 
 1&50 
 
 Rent 
 in- 
 cludes 
 water? 
 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Ye^. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 ^'os. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 "ios. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 'i'es. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 Yes. 
 
 32. .50 ' No'. 
 
 2R..50 Yes. 
 
 l'J.50 Yes. 
 
 21. fX) Yes. 
 
 16. .50 i Yes. 
 
 Expenses for fuel and light past year. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 22. .50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 20.50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 :«. 00 
 
 Yes... 
 
 22.50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 27. .50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 25. .50 
 
 No'... 
 
 2.5.00 
 
 Yes... 
 
 18.50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 sw.oo 
 
 (') 
 
 72.00 
 
 (») 
 
 69.00 
 59.00 
 52.80 
 55.00 
 
 65.00 
 72.00 
 (iO. 00 
 65. 18 
 73.00 
 75. 00 
 4,5.00 
 ,59. 15 
 66. 00 
 55. 00 
 70. 00 
 80. 50 
 KO. 00 
 82. 25 
 60. (If) 
 73. 78 
 88. 00 
 60. 00 
 78. (W 
 7-1.00 
 50. 00 
 
 76. 50 
 .35. 00 
 55. 00 
 71 i. 00 
 
 77. 00 
 4.5.00 
 49.00 
 
 (') 
 
 55. 00 
 75. 95 
 8K. 00 
 &5.00 
 
 '') 
 
 40.00 
 .50. 00 
 50.00 
 
 75.00 
 66. (K) 
 45. 60 
 100. (XI 
 54.00 
 
 80.00 
 74.00 
 53.75 
 75.00 
 110.50 
 60.00 
 60.00 
 60.00 
 
 Wood. 
 
 (') 
 
 $2.' 66 
 
 10.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 '3.' 66' 
 
 8.00 
 10.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 15. 00 
 ,5.00 
 
 .00 
 
 2.00 
 5.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1..50 
 
 1.50 
 14.00 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 ga.s. 
 
 $72.00 
 
 (') 
 36.00 
 
 (') 
 36.00 
 42. (X) 
 60.00 
 48. (X) 
 
 27.00 
 48.00 
 40.00 
 39.00 
 44.00 
 66.00 
 45.00 
 28. .50 
 00.00 
 30. 00 
 30. 1)0 
 72. (K) 
 42. (X) 
 36. IX) 
 33. fX) 
 42.00 
 33.00 
 36.00 
 54.00 
 38. 00 
 30. 00 
 72. 00 
 24. 10 
 54.00 
 30. 00 
 48. 00 
 2.5.00 
 33.60 
 
 (') 
 36.00 
 42. (X) 
 30. 00 
 60.00 
 
 f) 
 30.00 
 18.00 
 75. 00 
 
 60.28 
 64. (X) 
 45. (X) 
 25.00 
 39.00 
 
 60.00 
 36. 00 
 16. (X) 
 4.5. (K) 
 45. fX) 
 71.00 
 39. (X) 
 48.00 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 («) 
 
 (') 
 
 $18.00 
 
 0) 
 
 24.06' 
 
 0) 
 34.06' 
 
 » Lived here less than 1 year, * Water bill last year was $5. • Wat bill last year was ? 
 
 I'otaL 
 
 $168.00 
 
 (') 
 
 108. 00 
 
 (') 
 105. 00 
 101.00 
 114.80 
 103.00 
 
 92.00 
 130. IX) 
 lOli. IX) 
 104. 18 
 117.00 
 141. IX) 
 
 90.00 
 
 97. 65 
 126. IX) 
 
 88. IK) 
 100. IX) 
 152. >0 
 122.110 
 12(i. 25 
 103. IX) 
 11.5.78 
 12-1.00 
 
 91.. IK) 
 147.00 
 117.00 
 
 81 i. 00 
 148. -.0 
 
 6). 10 
 109. IK) 
 121.00 
 
 125. no 
 
 72. IX) 
 
 87. 60 
 
 (') 
 
 91.00 
 141.95 
 118. IX) 
 145. 00 
 
 (') 
 
 75. (K) 
 
 92. IK) 
 125.00 
 
 145.28 
 165. (K) 
 
 95. m 
 127. IX) 
 
 98. IX) 
 
 140.00 
 
 nil. IX) 
 
 (ill. 75 
 
 122. IX) 
 
 1.57. (K) 
 131. IK) 
 1 IK I. .50 
 122.00 
 
 50.
 
 APPENDIX B. KEXTS Or HOUSES AND APARTMENTS. 
 
 55 
 
 COST OF RENTS— UNFURNISHED HOUSES— Continued. 
 Six rooms and bath — Concluded. 
 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent 
 in- 
 cludes 
 water? 
 
 Expennes for fuel and light past year. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 gas. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Southeast — Concluded. 
 Twelfth and D Streets 
 
 
 $28.50 
 35.00 
 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes. . . 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Noi... 
 Yes... 
 
 $66.00 
 67.50 
 70.00 
 50.00 
 65.00 
 82.50 
 30.30 
 57.30 
 68.00 
 75.00 
 47.00 
 
 '$8. '66' 
 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 7.00 
 2.00 
 4.25 
 
 "2.06" 
 
 5.00 
 
 $60.00 
 30.00 
 84.00 
 66.00 
 44.00 
 48.00 
 45.00 
 32.25 
 67.00 
 46.00 
 50.00 
 
 $26.66' 
 
 $126. 00 
 
 Fourteenth and D Streets 
 
 
 117.50 
 
 Thirteenth and C Streets 
 
 $21. 50 
 
 22.50 
 
 162.00 
 
 Twelfth Street and Kentucky Avenue 
 
 
 26.50 
 22.50 
 18.00 
 16. 50 
 19.50 
 21.. ^)0 
 16.00 
 18.50 
 
 121.00 
 
 Thirtwinth and C Streets 
 
 
 114.00 
 
 Fourteenth and E Streets ................. 
 
 
 137.50 
 
 Eleventh and li^ Streets ............ . 
 
 16.50 
 
 83.30 
 
 First and Carroll Streets 
 
 93.80 
 
 Twenty-fifth and V Streets 
 
 Si.xteenth and U Streets, Anacostia 
 
 Fif t/eent^ and G Streets 
 
 'l6.'66" 
 
 18.50 
 
 135.00 
 123.00 
 102.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Seven rooms and bath. 
 
 Northwest. 
 North Capitol and N Streets 
 
 $35.00 
 
 $35.00 
 
 Ym . 
 
 $60.00 
 69.30 
 
 120.00 
 (>6.00 
 65.00 
 
 70.00 
 65.00 
 90.00 
 100.00 
 49.00 
 
 62.00 
 64.00 
 108.00 
 68.00 
 79. 93 
 76.00 
 
 135.00 
 
 87.00 
 46.00 
 61.23 
 80.00 
 65.00 
 
 
 $84.00 
 
 
 $144.00 
 
 Mount Pleasant and Hohart Streets 
 
 52.50 1 No»... 
 28.50 1 Yes... 
 25.50 Yas... 
 
 96.00 $30.00 
 45.00 36.00 
 40.00 
 
 195.30 
 
 Ninth and Allison Streets 
 
 
 201.00 
 
 First Street and Massachusetts Avenue ... 
 
 
 106. 00 
 
 Nineteenth and L Streets 
 
 
 32.50 
 
 35.50 
 35. 50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 Yes. . . 
 Yes... 
 
 $6.66 30. .W 1 1 
 
 100.50 
 
 Pnnceton Place and New Hampshire 
 A venue . 
 
 
 6.00 
 "9.60 
 
 "8.66 
 
 "i.'M' 
 
 
 42.00 36.00 
 30.00 30.00 
 
 153.00 
 
 First and T Streets 
 
 30.50 
 
 115.00 
 
 First and M Streets 
 
 37. .V) 1 Yes... 
 2.5. 50 1 Yea. . . 
 25.50 Yea... 
 
 60.00 
 52. 00 
 66.00 
 
 3.1. 10 
 
 
 150. 00 
 
 First and I Streets 
 
 25.50 
 
 152. 00 
 
 Thirty-fourth and N Streets 
 
 124.60 
 
 Northeast 
 Forty-fourth and N .^tre^ts 
 
 14.50 
 
 17.50 
 32.00 
 27.00 
 18.50 
 33. 00 
 26.50 
 
 20.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 Yes... 
 No'... 
 No»... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 
 Yes... 
 
 Y«s... 
 
 97.10 
 
 Tweffth and Monro* Streets 
 
 4.5.00 20.00 
 114.00 
 
 129.00 
 
 Fourth and U Streets 
 
 27.00 
 
 222.00 
 
 Thirteenth and r Streets 
 
 24.48 
 
 120. 00 
 
 52.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 81.00 
 98.00 
 52. 00 
 42.00 
 64.50 
 
 .>.•... 
 
 92.48 
 
 Fourth and .\ Streets 
 
 27.50 
 
 l'.t9.93 
 
 
 136.00 
 
 Southwest. 
 Seventh and D Streets 
 
 
 225.00 
 
 Southeant. 
 Third and A Streets 
 
 
 ins. 00 
 
 Ttiirlcenth and A Streets 
 
 32.50 
 22.50 
 
 3.5. .V) Yes... 
 25. 00 Yes . . . 
 25.60 1 Ym... 
 
 144.00 
 
 fcixtli Street anfl South Carolina Avenue... 
 wclfih and \\ Streets 
 
 113.25 
 126. .50 
 
 LlcM iitli Htre<^i ui'l South Carolina Avenue 
 
 
 23.50 
 
 Yes... 
 
 1 
 
 119.50 
 
 ' .'. liter 1)111 In. : i.oO. 
 
 * Water bill last >«u' ww $0. 
 
 * Water bill laal i ear wan $6.05.
 
 56 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 COST OF RENTS-UNFUUNISHED HOUSES— Concluded. 
 Eight roovis and bath. 
 
 
 Rent per 
 niontn. 
 
 Rout 
 
 in- 
 cludes 
 water? 
 
 Expenses for fuel and light past year. 
 
 Location (nearest street intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 gas. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Northwest. 
 First and E Streets 
 
 
 $25 50 
 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 No»... 
 No2... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 No.^... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes. . . 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 Yes... 
 
 $66. 00 
 
 125.00 
 
 121.50 
 
 75.00 
 
 80.00 
 
 177.40 
 
 96.88 
 
 90 00 
 
 100.45 
 
 65. 00 
 
 75.00 
 
 70.00 
 
 80.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 130.00 
 
 120. 00 
 50. 00 
 90.00 
 
 109. 25 
 24.00 
 94. 50 
 
 111 50 
 72.00 
 88.00 
 70. 00 
 90 (K) 
 S4.00 
 62.00 
 
 V) 
 
 108.90 
 
 70.00 
 
 $5.00 
 
 "5.' 66' 
 
 1.50 
 
 'i2"66' 
 
 10.00 
 
 '46.'66' 
 
 "io.'oo' 
 "'5.' 66' 
 
 16.00 
 
 ....... 
 
 "z.bb' 
 "ib'.bo' 
 
 $75. 48 
 70.00 
 
 130 00 
 72.00 
 55. 00 
 4S.0O 
 96 00 
 75. m 
 42.00 
 66.00 
 3(j. CK) 
 74,00 
 40.00 
 60. 00 
 36.00 
 
 115.00 
 45. 00 
 60 00 
 102. 00 
 13H.60 
 65. fX) 
 50. 00 
 .54. 00 
 46. 20 
 84. W 
 45 00 
 42.00 
 45. 00 
 
 (<) 
 75.00 
 96.00 
 
 $36.'66' 
 
 $146 48 
 
 Thirteenth and Oirard Streets 
 
 $42.00 
 
 55.00 
 47.50 
 35 50 
 30.00 
 45.00 
 35. 50 
 45.00 
 35. 50 
 30. 50 
 2'; . 50 
 28. 50 
 55. 50 
 30. 50 
 45.00 
 
 32.50 
 29.00 
 40.00 
 39.00 
 32.50 
 36.00 
 30.00 
 40.00 
 35. 50 
 32. 50 
 30. 50 
 50.00 
 30.50 
 
 75.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 195 00 
 
 Twcntv-second and N Streets 
 
 251 50 
 
 Seventeenth and U Streets 
 
 32.50 
 
 147 00 
 
 Twt'utv-second and F Streets 
 
 140 00 
 
 Eleventh and K Streets 
 
 45.00 
 35.50 
 
 226 90 
 
 Eleventh and P Streets 
 
 192 88 
 
 Vermont Avenue and P Street 
 
 165 00 
 
 Thirtivnth and M Streets 
 
 
 1.54 45 
 
 Ninth and S Streets 
 
 30. 50 
 
 141 00 
 
 First and I Streets 
 
 27.50 
 
 111 00 
 
 Sixth and Q Streets 
 
 144 00 
 
 Newton Street and Park Place 
 
 
 1.50 00 
 
 Ninth and Buchanan Streets 
 
 Twentieth Street and Ilillyer Place 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 Tenth Street and Massachusetts Avenue 
 
 30.50 
 45.00 
 
 135. 00 
 206.00 
 
 235 00 
 
 Fourteenth and F Streets 
 
 27.50 
 30.00 
 
 95 00 
 
 Eiehth and A Streets 
 
 I.")*) 00 
 
 Fifth and P Streets 
 
 221 25 
 
 Fifth and -A. Streets 
 
 
 162 60 
 
 Fir.-t and R Streets 
 
 
 164 ,50 
 
 Do 
 
 30.00 
 
 177 .00 
 
 Tenth and C Streets 
 
 126 00 
 
 Tenth and Newton Streets 
 
 
 134 20 
 
 Sixth and A Streets 
 
 
 1.54 00 
 
 Eighth and F Streets 
 
 27.50 
 
 135 00 
 
 Fifteenth and Newton Streets (Brookland). 
 Ninth andC Streets 
 
 126.00 
 110 00 
 
 Southeast. 
 Eifrhthand B Streets 
 
 
 (*) 
 193 90 
 
 Sixth and E Streets 
 
 25.50 
 
 Ninth Street and North Carolina Avenue 
 
 172 00 
 
 
 
 
 ' Water bill last year was .*>. 
 * Water bill last year was S4.3a 
 
 » Water bill last year was id. 
 < Lived here less than 1 year.
 
 APPENDIX B. RENTS OF HOUSES AND APARTMENTS. 
 
 57 
 
 COST OF RENTS— UNFURNISHED FLATS. 
 Four rooms and bath. 
 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent includes — 
 
 Expenses for fuel and light 
 during the year. 
 
 Location (nearest 
 street intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919. 
 
 Heat. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 gas. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Northwett. 
 12th and New York 
 
 2d.... 
 
 2d.... 
 
 $25.00 
 
 $25.00 
 
 45.00 
 30.00 
 10.00 
 15.00 
 14.00 
 60.00 
 50.00 
 
 40.00 
 16.00 
 43.30 
 
 60.00 
 30.50 
 60.00 
 
 35.00 
 18. .50 
 35.00 
 15.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 27. .50 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 25.00 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 $30.00 
 
 21.00 
 12.00 
 42.00 
 22.80 
 24.00 
 
 $24.00 
 12.00 
 
 $30.00 
 
 Ave. 
 13th and N 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 45.00 
 
 17th and Chapin 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 24.00 
 
 2d.... 
 2d.... 
 1st... 
 
 15.00 
 14.00 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 $60.00 
 25.00 
 33. (X) 
 
 'J3.'66' 
 3.00 
 
 102. 0!) 
 
 N. ("apitol and Bates.. 
 Do 
 
 50.80 
 60.00 
 
 ISlh and I 
 
 3d .. 
 
 
 
 Georgia Ave. and 
 
 Shepherd. 
 25t h and L 
 
 2d 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3d. . . . 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 35.00 
 12.00 
 
 
 35.00 
 
 2d and Q 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yc; 
 
 30.00 
 
 
 42.00 
 
 T;i' lor and Marlboro 
 
 Place. 
 4th and M . . 
 
 2d 
 
 2d . 
 
 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 60.00 
 
 2.50 
 
 72.00 
 60.00 
 
 70.00 
 30.00 
 42.00 
 45.00 
 
 4.S.(X) 
 
 33.00 
 39. «) 
 56.00 
 96.00 
 
 "36.66" 
 '96!66' 
 
 134.50 
 
 4th and M 
 
 2d ... 
 
 
 96.00 
 
 Northeast. 
 
 N. Capitol and M 
 
 11th and H 
 
 2d 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 70.00 
 
 3d.... 
 1st 
 
 15.60 
 
 No'.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 53.75 
 
 
 89.75 
 
 3d and B 
 
 42.00 
 
 Montpl In and Morse .. 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 40.00 
 
 
 85.00 
 
 Southwest. 
 11th and C 
 
 Souiheatl. 
 
 13th and Mass. Ave — 
 13th and Kentucky Ave 
 Isl and B 
 
 3d.... 
 
 2d.... 
 2d.... 
 
 35.00 
 
 48.00 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 63 m 
 
 100.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 96.00 
 1,39. 00 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 M).00 
 
 131 h ind O 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 192.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 t Water bill last year was M. 
 
 Used for heating also
 
 58 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 COST OF RENT&— UNFUUNISHED FLATS— Concluded. 
 
 Five rooms and bath. 
 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Rent per 
 month. 
 
 Rent includes — 
 
 ■ r - -r 
 
 Expenses for fuel and light past year. 
 
 Location (nearest 
 St rcct intersection). 
 
 1914 
 
 Au- 
 gust, 
 1919 
 
 Heat. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Kero- 
 sene 
 and 
 gas. 
 
 Elec- 
 tric- 
 ity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 NoTihweM. 
 
 N. Capitol and V 
 
 Klrbv and Morgan 
 
 11th and Otis I'Lice . . . 
 22d and Decatur Place 
 Do 
 
 1st... 
 2d.... 
 1st... 
 2d.... 
 1st... 
 2d.... 
 
 $25.00 
 22. .50 
 
 '25.'66' 
 
 $45. 00 
 22.50 
 25.50 
 25.00 
 25. 50 
 25.50 
 35.00 
 35.50 
 20.50 
 60.00 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 Yes.. 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yos.. 
 Yes . . 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 S84. 00 
 60.00 
 45.00 
 60.00 
 108. 00 
 100.00 
 53.63 
 
 $2.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 ""3.' 66' 
 
 18.00 
 
 "i."66" 
 
 $47.00 
 108.00 
 84.00 
 lOH.OO 
 48.00 
 15.00 
 42.00 
 42.00 
 44.00 
 
 $i8."66' 
 
 $133. 00 
 173.00 
 129. 00 
 171.(10 
 174. 1)0 
 
 13th and Monroe 
 
 133. 00 
 
 Do 
 
 Ist... 
 
 
 90. 63 
 
 20th and 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 42. no 
 
 3dandR 
 
 1st... 
 2d 
 
 19.50 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 55.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 102. 00 
 
 1st Md U 
 
 
 1st and 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 17. 25 
 43.00 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 60.66 
 
 10.00 
 
 37.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 72.00 
 
 30.00 
 »84.00 
 36. 00 
 
 51.00 
 24.00 
 36.00 
 
 42.00 
 33.00 
 24.00 
 
 '24.'66' 
 24.00 
 
 '22."66' 
 "24.'66' 
 
 167.66 
 
 Broad Branch Road 
 
 2d.... 
 
 4th... 
 1st... 
 
 30.00 
 
 54.00 
 
 and Tilden. 
 14th andT 
 
 42. 50 50. on 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 54.00 
 
 23d and M 
 
 
 17.50 
 
 20.50 
 30.00 
 22.50 
 
 18.50 
 23.50 
 20.50 
 
 25.50 
 37.50 
 27.50 
 
 Yes,. 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 18.00 
 38.93 
 
 6.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 Northeast. 
 8th and A 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 73.93 
 
 12th and Florida .\ve 
 
 3d . 
 
 
 106.00 
 
 N. Capitol and Todd 
 
 Place. 
 11th and D 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 70.50 
 50.00 
 
 
 106.50 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 101. 00 
 
 13th and Maryland Ave 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 24.00 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 50.00 
 75.00 
 
 "'"" 
 
 80.00 
 
 Southeast. 
 13th and B 
 
 1st . . . 
 
 
 117.00 
 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 57. 00 
 
 13th and Mass. .Vve 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 76.66 
 
 94.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Six rooms and bath. 
 
 North west. 
 
 Georgia Ave. and 
 
 Park Road, 
 9th and Crittenden . . . 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 $18.50 
 
 37.00 
 21.50 
 
 30.50 
 17.50 
 40.00 
 24.00 
 30.25 
 26.50 
 
 40.00 
 16.50 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 35.00 
 
 19.50 
 20.50 
 
 No.. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 Yes. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 Yes. 
 
 No.. 
 No.. 
 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 No... 
 No... 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes . . 
 Yes.. 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 $131. 00 
 
 100.00 
 75.00 
 
 105.00 
 
 68.88 
 
 
 2$204. 00 
 
 40.00 
 48.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 36. on 
 in. on 
 
 76. 00 
 60. (X) 
 95.00 
 
 42.00 
 27. 00 
 72. f)0 
 48. m 
 33.00 
 
 29. 00 
 46. 25 
 
 $24.00 
 
 'i2.'66' 
 
 'so.'oo' 
 
 $335.00 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 164. 00 
 
 N. Capitol and Sea- 
 ton Place. 
 
 17th and Chapin 
 
 3othandT 
 
 17th and I 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 123. 00 
 
 2d.... 
 2d.... 
 3d.... 
 2d.... 
 
 $20.50 
 17.50 
 25.00 
 
 147.00 
 
 104. S8 
 22. no 
 
 17th and Wlllard 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 70.00 
 79.00 
 
 '$S.'66' 
 
 140. on 
 
 5th and Cedar 
 
 1st... 
 
 
 147. no 
 
 N. Capitol and V 
 
 Northeast. 
 10 and Mass. Ave. .... 
 
 2d 
 
 .. . 
 
 05.00 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 
 
 
 42.00 
 
 7th and 
 
 3d.... 
 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 57.50 
 
 80. ."iO 
 
 200.00 
 
 
 84.50 
 
 12»1. ind E 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 152. .")0 
 
 l''lh and A 
 
 2d.... 
 
 
 284. 00 
 
 2d and E. Capitol — 
 
 Southeast. 
 
 13th and B 
 
 12th and B 
 
 3d.... 
 
 2d.... 
 2d.... 
 
 ....... 
 
 31.60 
 
 33.00 
 
 Yes.. 
 Yes.. 
 
 62.60 
 72.00 
 
 "i.'oo' 
 
 81.50 
 119.25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 > Heat furnished was not sutUcieDt to i]iali.e looaii uomibi table, so gas hetxleii were used. 
 I Used for beating alsa
 
 APPENDIX C— COST OF UPKEEP OF FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS. 
 
 Conclusions as to the amount necessary for the annual upkeep of 
 furniture and household fm*nishings for a family of five have been 
 based on approximately 100 schedules, showing one year's expendi- 
 tures for furniture and furnishings, secured in 1918 by the Bureau 
 of Labor Statistics from families consisting of husband, wife, and 
 three chikhen under 1 5 years, living in large Eastern or Middle Western 
 cities, and having a total annual expenditure of SI, 500 and under 
 $2,100. 
 
 Inasmuch as the families scheduled spend annually from $1,500 to 
 $2,100, they are presumably living according to a decent and fairly 
 comfortable standard. Their household equipment, therefore, may 
 be regarded as of reasonably good quality, although, of course, not 
 luxurious, and may be considered as comparable with the household 
 equipment of the average Government worker in Washington. 
 
 From the schedules the average costs of the more important neces- 
 sary items (such as chairs, tables, bedroom furniture, etc.) were com- 
 puted, together with the relation of expenditures for miscellaneous 
 items (such as gas mantles or electric bulbs, miscellaneous laundry 
 utensils, etc.) to expenditures for the more im})ortant items. 
 
 By applying these average costs to a list consisting of a minimum 
 number of articles of furniture and furnishings necessary for a family 
 of five, and adding the percentage necessary for miscellaneous items, 
 it lias been found that the average cost of renewal of a comjilete 
 household equipment for such a family outside of Washington is about 
 $851. The average annual expenditure for u])kee]) of furnitur(> and 
 furnishings, as indicated in the schedules used, is about $52, or 6 per 
 cent of the total cost of renewal. 
 
 By applying Washingtoii prices in August, 1010, to the above-men- 
 tioned list of necessary furniture and furnisliings, it is computed that 
 the total cost of renewal of the more important items of household 
 equipment for a family of iiv(i in Washington is $1,().S3. Even with 
 the closest economy in buying, including the purchase of some second- 
 hand furniture, this total could not well he icihiccd Ix'low $1,000. 
 For aimual upkeep, 6 per cent of this, or $60, is therefore necessary. 
 About $10 a year in addition is recpiired for gas numtles or electric 
 bulbs, miscellaneous lauiitiry utensils, screens, shades, curtains, etc, 
 making a total of $70. 
 
 TIk! fact that $70 is a rfasonai)lc ninonnt for anmuil n])kee]) of 
 furniture and furnisinngs in Washington at the present time is boriu; 
 
 5«J
 
 60 APPENDIXES. 
 
 out by the findings of the board of arbitration in the Seattle street 
 railway case in 1917. The award which was made in this case, after 
 uniisualh- extensive investigation and hearings, allowed $40 for annual 
 niiiintenance of household equipment. Inasmuch as the data ob- 
 tained in the cost-of-living surveys made by the Bureau of Lal)()r 
 Statistics indicate that the cost of house furniture and furnishings has 
 increased at least 100 per cent since the above award, an allowance of 
 $70 as the annual cost for this item in Washington at the present 
 time seems very reasonable. 
 
 The Washington prices used were obtained by a committee of 
 special agents of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, who visited several 
 stores and secured prices according to the or(Unary "shopping" 
 method. This committee kept in mind in its selection of prices 
 the quality, suitability, and durability of each article. Prices of 
 articles of furniture or furnishings which represent a passing style or 
 fad have not been taken into consideration. Many articles of this 
 nature have been found to be lower in price but of inferior quality or 
 unsuitable and uneconomical for a family having children. 
 
 Very few alternatives have been suggested, ]>rincipally for the 
 reason that an attempt has been made to confine the list to the 
 eniallest number of articles consistent with economy, efficiency, and 
 a decent manner of living, necessary for a family of five, and the 
 least possible amount necessary for annual upkeep and replacement 
 of these articles. 
 
 In addition to the list of necessary articles, there is presented a list 
 consisting of a few articles of furniture and furnishings desirable from 
 the point of view of efficiency, and not oidy of a decent but of a 
 reasonably comfortable living. Some of these articles would tend to 
 shorten the hours spent by the wife in actual housework and enable 
 her to give more time to the mental and moral training of her chil- 
 dren; others, such as pictures and a musical instrument, would tend 
 to make the home a more attractive j)lace for both parents and 
 children, giving them an opportunity for recreation and enjoyment 
 witiiin the circle of family life, and preventing them from seeking, 
 perhaps, less desirable entertainment elsewhere. 
 
 The total cost of purchase of these articles, with the exception of 
 pictures and musical records, is about SI 72. Six per cent of this, or 
 $10, would be necessary for annual upkeep and replacement. For 
 pictures and musical records, the annual expenditures among the 
 wage earners' families outside of Washington whose schedules were 
 used in connection with this inquiry averaged SI. 78. For the families 
 of Government workers in Washington an annual expenditure of S3 
 for these items seems a very conservative estimate, bringing the 
 total for annual expenditures for the items in this additional list to
 
 APPENDIX C. UPKEEP OF FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS. 61 
 
 SI 3, and the total for expenditures for upkeep and replacement of all 
 furniture and furnishings to $83 a year. 
 
 E^en with the addition of the above-mentioned list of furniture 
 and furnishings considered as desirable, but not absolutely necessary 
 for decent living, the total list of furniture and furnishings to be 
 maintained is very small. If a few alternatives are taken into con- 
 sideration, such as large instead of small rugs in the dining room, 
 living room, and bedrooms, which would add to the good appearance 
 of the home, without adding greatly to annual expenses, or if any 
 further additions in the way of labor-saving devices are maintained, 
 such as a vacuum cleaner, or a fireless cooker, the standard of the 
 home is materially raised, and through the use of the labor-saving 
 devices the wife has a better op])ortunity to preserve her health and 
 has more time to give to the training of her chil<lren. 
 
 Both of the above-mentioned lists of furniture and furnishings have 
 been made on the basis of five rooms — living room, dining room, 
 kitchen, and two bedrooms. If the family occupies a six-room house 
 or apartment and "spreads" its bedi'oom furniture so that the extra 
 room may be occupied by one of the children, having perhaps rugs 
 and a chair in addition, the extra cost per year will be about $1.50. 
 If the family lives in a four-room house or apartment, using its dining 
 room also as a living room, the reduction in yearh- expenses would 
 amount to about S5.50. 
 
 PRKSKNT COST OF RICNKWAL OF NKCP^SSARY ARTICLKS OF FURNITURK AND 
 FURNISHINGS, WASHINGTON, D. C, PRICKS. 
 
 Article. 
 
 1 refrlRcrator 
 
 8 tal)lfs: 
 
 I)lnlnK room 
 
 l.ivinff room 
 
 K i I f 'hRn 
 
 18 ch-arj: 
 
 fi 'UnInK room , 
 
 .1 lx:flroom 
 
 4 llvinR room 
 
 2 kitchen 
 
 I hich choir 
 
 Rur : 
 
 1.1 vine room 
 
 ninint; rfKiin 
 
 B«.<|r 
 
 ■ iir^ 
 
 1 (rofnirl . 
 
 1 «• wine mnchlnc 
 
 1 ■icti*'!' or 'lavenport 
 
 1 sldrbonrd 
 
 3 hiircau.1 
 
 1 chiffonlrr 
 
 t bt i\ , miittrp.>».ic(i, nnd ftprlnR!) 
 I 'loublo 
 
 asindc 
 
 Icril., iiiaitrpM, and .sprinK... 
 tiaundrv ttilw 
 
 Pr&sent 
 
 cost. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 $28.50 Smallest size and make .sumolpnt in capacity for 
 econoiniciil prcsorvuLion of food and economy in 
 the purcha.sc of ice. 
 
 34.00 Oak extension table, plain, durable quality. 
 22.no Oiik, plain, durable iiuiilllv. 
 '.1.00 48-incn pino liiblc, with 1 drawer. 
 
 60.00 ' Plain diirnhlo oak. 
 
 XJ. 00 ' Walnut for one room and palnlod white wood for one. 
 
 80. on Oak or othrr dnrabli' W(H)d, leather seats. 
 
 7.60 I'liinled wood. 
 
 0.00 I Plain durable oak. 
 
 18.00 I SHiruill Avmlnsler nnr<, durable. 
 
 17. no 2 small Brussels nitrs, durable, oa.<<ily cleaned. 
 
 i:.. 00 4 1.1 bvflfeet),at $.'{.76. 
 
 I2.no 4 n h-: r, f„eiS,nt s;i. 
 
 I'.oft with ni'Ul framework and oloth top. 
 
 fin .MO I make. 
 
 .V^.o*) 'Mi. n] 1)1 her duniblo wood, leather seat. 
 
 4.VO0 MedliMii il7,e, oak. 
 
 72.00 1 walnut bureau, plain, $12; I white painted bureau, 
 
 IV). 
 
 27.fiO While iwlnlcd wood. 
 
 84.60 Walnut bed.itend, $49.fiO; durable felt mattre,<M, 
 
 I $22. .V); and sprinc, $l2.fi0. 
 00.00 F.ach: While enumf led Ijedstnad, $20; durable felt 
 
 mritlresK, $i.v and 'JpriuK, $10. 
 2fi. .VI While enameleil. 
 2. 7fi I Medium sized galvanized.
 
 62 
 
 APPENDIXES. 
 
 PRKSKNT COST OP RKNKWAL OF NRCi:SS.\llY ARTICLES OP PURNITURR AND 
 FURNISIIINQS, WASHINGTON. D. C, PRICES-Concluded. 
 
 Article. 
 
 1 wnshboard . 
 
 1 wrinsior 
 
 1 boiler 
 
 3 llat irons . . . 
 3mops , 
 
 Broom and brushes . 
 
 Present 
 cost. 
 
 33 towels: 
 
 3 kitchen hanil towels 
 
 12 Tiirlcish to.vels 
 
 IS hand towels 
 
 Kit clu n utensils 
 
 3 table cloths 
 
 I table cover (for use when table is not 
 set). 
 
 18 napkins 
 
 Dishes: 
 
 50-picceset 
 
 1 water pitcher 
 
 1 vinegar cruet 
 
 1 oi 1 cruet 
 
 1 salt shaker 
 
 1 pepper shaker 
 
 6 tumblers 
 
 Knives, forks, etc.: 
 
 1 butter knife 
 
 1 sugar spoon 
 
 6 knives 
 
 6 forks 
 
 12 teaspoons 
 
 6 dessert spoons 
 
 6 tablespoons 
 
 1 car\ing set 
 
 4 pairs blankets: 
 
 1 pair double-b ?d size 
 
 2 p)airs single-bed size 
 
 1 pair crib size 
 
 4 com forts: 
 
 1 double-bed size 
 
 2 single-bed size 
 
 1 crib size 
 
 6 spreads: 
 
 2 double-bed size 
 
 4 single-bed size 
 
 f pillows: 
 
 4 ordinary size 
 
 1 crib size 
 
 14 shi-ets: 
 
 4 double-bed size 
 
 C single-bed size 
 
 4 crib size 
 
 II pillow cases: ! 
 
 8 ordinary size 
 
 .3 crib size 
 
 10 dish towels 
 
 Table oilcloth 
 
 Total: 
 If rag rugs are used in bedrooms. 
 If crex rugs are used In bed- 
 rooms. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 SO.Go 
 7.00 
 3. 7.^. 
 2. 25 
 1.15 
 
 2.78 
 
 7/ine. 
 
 Medium sized. 
 
 Medium sized, with copper bottom. 
 
 4, 5, and 6 pound irons. 
 
 1 handle for scrub mop, $0.40, and one 16-ounce dry 
 
 mop, $0.75. 
 Oood quality broom, $1.29; assorted brushes for 
 
 floor, stove, sink, etc., $1.49. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 Part linen. 
 
 (See list annexed.) 
 
 Cotton, to be hemmed at home. 
 
 Cotton covering to protect table. 
 
 Part linen, 22-inch. 
 
 Plain gold line. 
 
 Plain heavy glass. 
 
 Plain heavy glass holding 4 ounces. 
 
 Plain heavy glass holding 2 ounces. 
 
 Plain heavy glass. 
 
 Plain heavy glass. 
 
 Plana. 
 
 .75 
 
 9.48 
 13. .50 
 45.34 
 12. 75 
 
 3.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 12. 9S 
 1.10 
 .5(1 
 .40 
 .25 
 .25 
 .75 
 
 .90 
 
 .90 
 8.25 
 6.75 
 6.00 
 5.25 
 5.75 
 2.00 
 
 14.25 
 19.76 
 7.00 || 
 
 5.00 1 
 
 10.00 ! >Cotton, silkallne covered. 
 6.00 I 
 
 8.00 'l Good grade of rippclctto, medium weight; number 
 16. 00 \l sufficient to provide for laundering. 
 
 12.00 
 
 Quadruple plated, plain. 
 
 Good quality steel knife and fork, and sharpener. 
 Part wool. 
 
 j9JJj Goose and chicken feathers. 
 8.60 1 
 
 8.60 1 
 0.50 \}l 
 2.00 I 
 
 10. 50 I J-Number sufHcient to provide for laundering. 
 2. 
 
 3 ?9 \ Number sufficient to pro^ide for laundering. 
 
 3. 00 Cotton, to be hemmed at home. 
 . 50 For pine table.
 
 APPENDIX C. UPKEEP OF FUKXITURE AND FURNISHINGS. 63 
 
 PRESENT COST OF RENEWAL OF NECESSARY KITCHEN UTENSILS, WASHINGTON, 
 
 D. C, PRICES. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Present 
 cost. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 1 refrigerator pan 
 
 1 ice pick 
 
 1 garbage pall 
 
 1 towel rack 
 
 1 soap dish 
 
 1 hand basin for sink 
 
 1 soap shaker 
 
 1 dLshpan 
 
 1 dish drainer 
 
 1 wire dishcloth 
 
 1 dish mop 
 
 1 tea A-ett le 
 
 1 coffeepot 
 
 1 teapot 
 
 1 preser^nng kettle 
 
 3 dozen jelly glasses 
 
 3 dozen fruit jars 
 
 3 stew pans or kettles 
 
 2cake pans (oblong) 
 
 2 pie pans 
 
 6 bowls (assorted sizes) •- 
 
 2 large bread pans or 3 small 
 
 1 bread-raising pan 
 
 1 roasting pan 
 
 1 sugar crock 
 
 1 tea canister 
 
 1 cotf ee canister 
 
 1 bread tin 
 
 2 frying pans 
 
 1 double boiler 
 
 1 broiler ( if coal stove is used ) or 1 toaster 
 
 (if u'as stove is used). 
 
 1 raiUlin pan 
 
 2 vegetable or pudding dishes 
 
 1 colander 
 
 1 chopping bowl and knife 
 
 1 meat grinder 
 
 1 funnel 
 
 1 potato masher 
 
 1 egg healer 
 
 1 grater 
 
 2 -;t rainers 
 
 1 bread hdard 
 
 1 meat board 
 
 1 large salt ^!laker 
 
 1 prppcr shaker 
 
 1 t)isciiit cutter 
 
 1 rolling pin 
 
 1 flour sifve 
 
 2 mc'i ■"^'"■' "'ips 
 
 1 sc! f spoons 
 
 1 Icii' /er 
 
 1 can ()|M!ner 
 
 1 corkscrew 
 
 1 large knife 
 
 2 f-a-^r knives and forks 
 
 1 par- ■'-■-'. 
 
 1 w. n 
 
 3 nil .:., , IW 
 
 1 pancake lurnor 
 
 2 fu rt 1 ; i-n ware plate* 
 
 Total 
 
 $0.55 
 
 .10 
 
 1.35 
 
 .25 
 
 .25 
 
 .45 
 
 .15 
 
 1.20 
 
 .65 
 
 .15 
 
 .10 
 
 2.50 
 
 1.05 
 
 .80 
 
 2.29 
 
 1.47 
 
 3.00 
 
 1.85 
 
 .90 
 
 .20 
 
 1.85 
 
 1.47 
 
 2.15 
 
 1.10 
 
 .50 
 
 .69 
 
 .69 
 
 1.49 
 
 .90 
 
 1.25 
 
 .45 
 
 .98 
 .50 
 .59 
 .64 
 2.65 
 .45 
 .10 
 .35 
 .15 
 .45 
 .75 
 .65 
 .15 
 .16 
 .15 
 .60 
 .35 
 .30 
 .30 
 .10 
 .08 
 .20 
 .39 
 .80 
 .30 
 .16 
 .52 
 .15 
 .60 
 
 46.34 
 
 Galvanized. 
 
 Small, with wood handle. 
 
 Galvanized, medium sized. 
 
 Wood, with three rods. 
 
 White enamel. 
 
 Gray enamel. 
 
 Woven wire, heavv. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Heavy wire, vnth plate holders. 
 
 String mop. 
 
 Nickel, with copper bottom. 
 
 Gray enamel. 
 
 Gray enamel. 
 
 Gray enamel. 
 
 With covers. 
 
 Jars holding 1 quart. 
 
 Gray, 3 sizes. 
 
 Heavy, pressed tin. 
 
 Pressed tin. 
 
 Set of 5. 
 
 Pressed tin. 
 
 Heavy tin, with cover. 
 
 Mediimi size. 
 
 Holding 1 pound, painted light brown. 
 
 Holding 1 pound, painted light brown. 
 
 Painted. 
 
 1 small pan, 1 medium-sized iron pan. 
 
 Enameled, holding 1 quart. 
 
 Tin, for 1 dozen muffins. 
 
 Earthenware. 
 
 Gray enamel. 
 
 Medium-sized bowl, single knlf*. 
 
 Two-sized grinder. 
 
 Grav enamel. 
 
 Wire, with wood handle. 
 
 Medium size and weight. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 1 large .strainer, 1 tea strainer. 
 
 18 by 24 inches. 
 
 I'laih, of hardwood. 
 
 .Mumlniim. 
 
 .Muminum. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Medium sized. 
 Tin, or ahi'iiiiiiim. 
 6 sizes. 
 01a!<s. 
 
 Small, with woo<l handl*. 
 
 With wood handle. 
 (■oo<l quality steel. 
 
 Meial,3sUe(i. 
 
 Yellow earthenware.
 
 64 APPENDIXES. 
 
 Al'PITIONAL LIST OF FURNITURE AN1> FURNISITINfiR DKSIRABT.F FROM A POINT 
 OF VIKW OF A DECKNT AND COMFORTAliLK l.IVINCJ AND OF KFFICIKNCY. 
 
 Present cost of renewal, Washington, D. C, prices. 
 
 Linoleum tor kitchen, 12.4 square yards, at $2.25 $27. 90 
 
 This is especially desirable if floor is of badly worn or rough wood. 
 Among families outsdde of Washinsjton whose schedules were used 
 in connection with this inquiry, those purchasing linoleum bought 
 an average of 12.4 sqiuxre yards each. 
 
 Bookcase. Sectional bookcase, oak, four sections, top, and base 42. 00 
 
 Li\-ing-room clock. Small clock with plain wooden case 8. 00 
 
 Carjiet sweeper. Medium size, desirable for eSiciency in cleaning rugs... 4.25 
 Mi:sical instrument. This makes a more attractive home both for parents 
 
 and for children. Talking machine 90.00 
 
 Pictures, musical records, etc (') 
 
 Total 172. 15 
 
 ' Among families outside of Washington whose schedules were used In conneQtion with this Laquiry, the 
 average expenditure in the past year for these items was S1.78.
 
 APPENDK D. MTSCEIJ, \NEOUS ITEMS. 
 
 The following table shows actual expenditures for miscellaneous 
 items bv 64 families of Government workers living in Washington, 
 D. C, for the years ending December 31, 1916, and July 31, 1919: 
 
 EXPENDITURE FOR MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 
 
 Family 
 No.' 
 
 Property 
 
 insurance 
 
 (furniture). 
 
 Life insurance. 
 
 Charity. 
 
 Religion. 
 
 Ltibor organi- 
 zation.<i. 
 
 Other 
 organiza- 
 tions. 
 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1019 
 
 1910 1919 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 $41.00 
 72.00 
 33.00 
 52.20 
 98.00 
 
 107.77 
 
 140.80 
 
 7.80 
 
 13«.20 
 
 35.40 
 
 60.60 
 
 216.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 89.60 
 
 241.40 
 
 53.40 
 18.00 
 101.00 
 40.00 
 74.00 
 
 85.32 
 
 fif.. 00 
 
 180.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 80.20 
 
 83.66 
 5«i. SO 
 57.00 
 78.00 
 75.00 
 
 72 00 
 88 ro 
 72 iM) 
 120.80 
 74.40 
 
 23.40 
 
 $57. 72 
 60.00 
 74.82 
 34.00 
 98.00 
 
 98.14 
 106.40 
 
 48.00 
 
 108.20 
 
 83.40 
 
 '$6.'66' 
 
 "3.' 66' 
 ■ '2.' 66' 
 
 $20.00 
 5.00 
 
 85.00 
 5.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 15.00 
 25.00 
 12.00 
 10.00 
 
 $20.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 30.80 
 
 6.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 18.20 
 7.00 
 1.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 8.00 
 18. (X) 
 
 3.00 
 35.20 
 30.00 
 
 2.60 
 36 00 
 25. 1)0 
 
 $27.60 
 59.00 
 40.00 
 13.00 
 22.50 
 
 60.00 
 10.00 
 12.00 
 18.00 
 
 $i2."66' 
 
 '12.' 66' 
 
 $12.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 
 
 2 
 
 J2.50 
 
 $12.06" 
 3.00 
 2.50 
 
 
 3 
 
 $81.00 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 6 
 
 "24.' 66' 
 12.00 
 1200 
 
 4.00 
 34.00 
 21.00 
 18.60 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 ... 36.00 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 14.40 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 3.00 
 
 "6." 66' 
 
 
 5.00 
 10.00 
 25.00 
 .35.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 20.00 
 24.00 
 lo.fiO 
 25.00 
 36.00 
 
 10 00 
 34.00 
 25.00 
 15.60 
 12. 00 
 
 80.00 
 6.00 
 
 18.00 
 1.00 
 8.20 
 
 5.00 
 60.00 
 10.00 
 
 4.10 
 30.00 
 
 15.00 
 16 00 
 36 00 
 6.00 
 10.00 
 
 6.00 
 40 00 
 15.00 
 13.00 
 
 4.60 
 
 86.110 
 8. no 
 50 (W 
 1.5 00 
 10.00 
 
 60.00 
 30.00 
 ,50.00 
 .5. no 
 13. UO 
 
 '16.' 66' 
 
 4.00 
 15.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 ' '2.' 66" 
 
 0.00 
 
 12 
 
 76.00 
 
 22.20 
 
 21.60 
 
 152.20 
 
 74.48 
 3ti. 00 
 101.00 
 30. 20 
 79.00 
 
 63.50 
 
 r,f,.oo 
 
 222.00 
 
 45.20 
 
 95.00 
 
 65 03 
 86.80 
 57. UO 
 T8.00 
 76.00 
 
 107.00 
 69 00 
 72.00 
 87 68 
 67.00 
 
 88.38 
 
 "25.' 66' 
 120.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 13 
 
 2.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 14 
 
 12.' 66' 
 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 12.00 
 
 '24.66' 
 
 8.00 
 21.00 
 
 6.00 
 24.00 
 12.00 
 15.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 16 
 
 2. .50 
 
 2.50 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 .60 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 5.00 
 
 18 
 
 1.67 
 
 1.67 
 7.50 
 
 
 
 
 lU 
 
 6.00 
 
 25.00 
 10.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 20 
 
 
 26.00 
 87.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 .■5.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 13 00 
 
 15 00 
 5.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 70.00 
 1.00 
 7.80 
 
 16.70 
 
 86.00 
 
 8.10 
 
 3 «)0 
 
 30.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Xi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 »; 
 
 
 
 .26 
 
 2.1.00 
 .^20 
 6.00 
 
 'i3'66' 
 
 4.00 
 12 00 
 
 
 27 
 
 2X 
 
 8.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 'so.' 66" 
 
 18. 00 
 
 "4.' 26' 
 
 4.00 
 30.00 
 
 15 00 
 4 00 
 4. 30 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 5.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 'i6'66' 
 6.00 
 8.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 6. 00 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 ■i8.'66' 
 
 I.Oil 
 10.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 
 10.00 
 
 a-? 
 
 34 
 
 8.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 18.00 
 6 00 
 7.80 
 
 13 88 
 
 90. UO 
 
 6.00 
 5.00 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 13 00 
 
 34.36 
 
 18.00 
 1.00 
 
 
 Zr. 
 
 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 4.70 
 
 8.00 
 6.00 
 6.00 
 
 10.00 
 6.00 
 6.75 
 
 
 .> 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 17.20 
 102 00 
 
 42.00 
 
 144.00 
 
 12 00 
 
 14 00 
 
 0.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 15 00 
 
 34.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 21 00 
 
 
 
 3n 
 
 
 102.00 
 46.00 
 
 131 no 
 
 8.'-.. so 
 62.00 
 81.00 
 
 ».00 
 1 66 
 
 48.00 
 9 00 
 69 16 
 12 00 
 10.40 
 
 30. 00 
 13.00 
 33.00 
 1.00 
 10.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 86.00 
 6.00 
 
 20. no 
 
 6.00 
 
 200.00 
 
 ~12.00 
 
 
 24. 00 
 
 42 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 1911. 00 
 
 43 
 
 75 00 
 60.00 
 
 
 4« 00 
 4.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.U0 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 4o 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 6.00 
 
 
 
 
 60.72 
 
 60.72 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 
 10.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 4rf 
 
 
 
 .30.66 
 37. .V) 
 72.00 
 
 76.80 
 35.00 
 80. OU 
 
 7.5.00 
 6.00 
 
 ■36.66 
 
 .5.00 
 &00 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11.00 
 
 M 
 
 
 6.66 
 
 
 4.66 
 
 
 
 65
 
 66 APPENDIXES. 
 
 EXPENDITURE FOR MISCELLANEOUB ITEMS— Continued. 
 
 Family 
 No . 
 
 Property 
 
 insurance 
 
 (furniture). 
 
 Life insurance. 
 
 Charity. 
 
 Religion. 
 
 Labor organi- 
 zations. 
 
 Other 
 
 orpanlza- 
 
 tlons. 
 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 191S 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 $51.30 
 57.40 
 S9.S0 
 50.00 
 
 165. 00 
 
 61.20 
 39.00 
 165.00 
 05.32 
 44. 00 
 
 25.80 
 78.00 
 40.40 
 20.16 
 
 $56. 00 
 57.40 
 89.80 
 36.00 
 
 1*.00 
 
 69.20 
 21. fiO 
 66.80 
 70.80 
 44.00 
 
 48.80 
 78. 00 
 24.00 
 20.00 
 
 "$r)!6iV 
 
 26. 00 
 
 $04.00 
 
 10. 00 
 
 $50. 00 
 
 20. 1)0 
 
 100. 00 
 
 $65. 00 
 35. 00 
 
 200. 00 
 5.00 
 (i.OO 
 
 12.00 
 35.00 
 50.00 
 35.00 
 25.00 
 
 12.50 
 
 50.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 $24.00 
 4.00 
 
 $42.00 
 4. 00 
 
 $12.00 
 
 $12.00 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 o3 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 55 - - 
 
 
 »3.00 
 
 125 00 
 
 100.00 
 15.00 
 
 20. 00 
 
 10.00 
 12.00 
 18. 00 
 30.00 
 14.40 
 
 12.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 19.20 
 
 17.20 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.00 
 6.00 
 8.40 
 
 6.00 
 
 58 ] 
 
 2. 00 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 1.20 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 59 
 
 
 12.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 9.00 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 12.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 6.40 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 63 
 
 2.90 
 
 4.90 
 
 15.00 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 12.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total.. 4 
 Average . . 
 
 6.57 
 .73 
 
 66.82 
 1.04 
 
 4,486.36 
 70.10 
 
 4.087.67 
 63.87 
 
 492. 25 
 7.69 
 
 910. 16 
 14.22 
 
 1, 
 
 156.19 
 18.07 
 
 1,617.60 
 26.28 
 
 420. 45 
 6.67 
 
 644.80 
 10.08 
 
 153.50 
 2.40 
 
 600.60 
 9.3S 
 
 Famllv 
 No." 
 
 Car fare. 
 
 Furnitui 
 sil 
 
 ■e, uten- 
 s. 
 
 Books, news- 
 papers, etc. 
 
 Amusements. 
 
 Vacation. 
 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1 
 
 $.33.60 
 
 26.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 91.00 
 
 58.50 
 26.00 
 5.00 
 40.00 
 13.00 
 
 45.00 
 7.00 
 15. 00 
 2f).00 
 24.00 
 
 32.00 
 13.00 
 13- 00 
 2.5.00 
 25. 00 
 
 30.00 
 12. 00 
 60 00 
 2fi.OO 
 2.00 
 
 38. 00 
 62.00 
 41.00 
 5.00 
 38.00 
 
 5.00 
 88.00 
 
 7.20 
 43.00 
 
 5.20 
 
 15.00 
 13.00 
 35.00 
 39.00 
 6.00 
 
 $42.00 
 31.00 
 15. 00 
 40.00 
 98.00 
 
 10.00 
 15. (K) 
 
 24. (X) 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 40.00 
 30.00 
 41. (iO 
 3.00 
 4(i. (W 
 
 35.00 
 
 25. (XI 
 25. W 
 29.70 
 15.60 
 
 35.00 
 13.00 
 93.00 
 33 70 
 
 C.fXJ 
 
 24.00 
 62. 00 
 42.00 
 4.00 
 49.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 125.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 42.00 
 
 500 
 
 35.00 
 10.00 
 14.00 
 12.00 
 5.00 
 
 $5.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 24.5.00 
 
 $30.07 
 
 77.00 
 
 110.00 
 
 181. 50 
 
 42.50 
 
 135. 70 
 
 6.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 65.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 12. 00 
 
 56.55 
 
 52.45 
 
 418.80 
 
 160.90 
 
 42.00 
 18.50 
 75. 00 
 163.60 
 74.08 
 
 25.00 
 15.00 
 81.00 
 48.92 
 22.19 
 
 170.00 
 
 105.38 
 
 20.00 
 
 5.10 
 
 173.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 227.82 
 
 150.00 
 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 
 $8.00 
 6.00 
 7.25 
 5.52 
 
 27.00 
 
 8.63 
 6.25 
 
 10. 80 
 6.30 
 
 10.72 
 
 16.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 15. (X) 
 
 20. 00 
 20.00 
 
 .5. 40 
 13.12 
 7.50 
 6.45 
 9.50 
 
 9.00 
 11.00 
 12.92 
 
 .5.40 
 15.40 
 
 12.04 
 19.44 
 10.00 
 5.40 
 2f}.00 
 
 18 00 
 21.00 
 
 9.00 
 10 20 
 
 7.28 
 
 6.25 
 14.80 
 
 $10.44 
 
 10.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 2.50 
 
 12.75 
 
 10.00 
 21.44 
 24.48 
 61.20 
 
 8.84 
 
 5 00 
 10.00 
 21.00 
 47.00 
 14.96 
 
 8.40 
 
 17.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 9.80 
 
 2.04 
 
 20. 00 
 12.00 
 11.00 
 5.40 
 10.94 
 
 5.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 7.80 
 
 8.70 
 
 23.00 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 12.00 
 16.16 
 6.76 
 
 6.00 
 27.40 
 
 7.20 
 30.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 $5.20 
 15.00 
 11.70 
 12. 00 
 12.00 
 
 43.61 
 70.00 
 1,5.00 
 22.00 
 20.00 
 
 5.00 
 6. 00 
 
 10.00 
 6.00 
 
 40. 00 
 
 10. 50 
 13.00 
 25. 00 
 3.00 
 24. fX) 
 
 $26.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 50. 00 
 
 30. 00 
 
 25.00 
 
 80.00 
 34.32 
 60.00 
 46.00 
 31.00 
 
 20.00 
 20. 00 
 22.00 
 10. (X) 
 11.70 
 
 10.00 
 28.00 
 38.50 
 25.00 
 22.88 
 
 $60.56 
 
 i 
 
 (150.00 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 22 00 
 
 4 
 
 20.00 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 50.00 
 
 123.59 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 
 100.00 
 10.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 30.00 
 
 8 
 
 25.00 
 
 45.76 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 25.no 
 
 13 
 
 130.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 205.00 
 
 3.5.00 
 
 7.00 
 
 305.00 
 
 14.00 
 5.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 10. (X) 
 
 2.(XJ 
 
 37.00 
 
 08. .50 
 23.00 
 
 
 75. 00 
 
 14 
 
 
 30.00 
 
 16 
 
 160.00 
 20.00 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 150.00 
 19.52 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 
 
 75.00 
 
 20 
 
 
 21 . . . . 
 
 
 20. 00 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 2.00 
 5.00 
 
 36.00 
 10.00 
 10.00 
 1.00 
 20. 00 
 
 40.00 
 5.00 
 
 12.00 
 .5.00 
 4.00 
 
 15.60 
 .5.20 
 O.fX) 
 
 13. 00 
 8.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 26.52 
 
 4.50 
 
 6.00 
 10. 50 
 12.00 
 
 0.00 
 10.00 
 
 26.00 
 22.00 
 3. .50 
 18. 16 
 10.00 
 
 10.00 
 35.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 38.50 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 36.00 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 2. 00 
 10. 00 
 
 50. 00 
 2500 
 30 00 
 15.00 
 10.00 
 
 7.00 
 
 185. 00 
 
 1.50. 0') 
 
 20.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 
 26.00 
 
 
 
 20.00 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 ■^1 
 
 
 20.00 
 
 3»i 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 
 50.00 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 48 47 ' 8 40 
 
 o.m ' 27.00 
 
 75. OO • 4. 00 
 
 10.66 
 
 
 21.. .50 
 12.50 
 
 
 25.00 
 
 40 
 

 
 APPEXDIX D. MISCELLAXEOUS ITEMS. 
 
 EXPENDITURE FOR MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS— Continued. 
 
 67 
 
 Family 
 No 
 
 Car faro. 
 
 Furniture, utensils. 
 
 Books, news- 
 papers, etc. 
 
 Amusements. 
 
 Vacation. 
 
 1916 
 
 1G19 
 
 1910 
 
 1919 
 
 1910 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 41 
 
 $eo.oo 
 
 32.00 
 
 M.OO 
 
 7 00 
 
 31.20 
 
 29.00 
 
 78.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 42.00 
 42.00 
 12.00 
 6.00 
 36.40 
 
 12.00 
 38.00 
 39.00 
 39 00 
 lU.OO 
 
 32.00 
 
 ,50.00 
 
 3.20 
 
 9.00 
 
 $120.00 
 
 81.20 
 
 108. 00 
 
 12.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 40.50 
 80.00 
 5.00 
 10.00 
 38.00 
 
 62.00 
 85.00 
 50.00 
 40.00 
 60. 00 
 
 35.00 
 12 00 
 83.53 
 40.00 
 8.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 60 60 
 
 5.00 
 
 39.00 
 
 $2.00 
 liO.OO 
 27.50 
 37.60 
 
 $24.60 
 91.02 
 30.00 
 56.58 
 
 $12.00 
 
 15.40 
 
 34.85 
 
 13. 40 
 
 8.00 
 
 8.60 
 
 29.00 
 
 5.40 
 
 8.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 13.80 
 
 "7.' 80' 
 
 '1200' 
 
 $17.20 
 
 72.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 9.00 
 67.20 
 
 9.00 
 12.20 
 
 4.00 
 
 24.00 
 15.00 
 12.00 
 6.00 
 25.00 
 
 5.00 
 10.20 
 16.25 
 45.00 
 13.05 
 
 20.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 9.20 
 
 10.00 
 
 $t;. 00 
 3.00 
 
 41.00 
 
 4.00 
 2.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 "2.' 66" 
 
 15.00 
 85.00 
 
 'i5'66' 
 
 4.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 48.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 • 2.00 
 
 10.40 
 
 25.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.00 
 10.00 
 20.00 
 
 $2.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 25-00 
 
 6.00 
 
 3.60 
 
 5.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 26.90 
 
 20 00 
 
 4.00 
 25.00 
 
 7.50 
 10.00 
 65.00 
 
 6.00 
 12.00 
 35.00 
 35.00 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 $5.66 
 
 24.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 80.00 
 
 $35.00 
 
 43 . . 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 45 
 
 60.00 
 
 46 
 
 1.00 
 52.00 
 30.00 
 
 94.54 
 
 60,00 
 86.95 
 70.52 
 68.00 
 
 80.00 
 175.00 
 137.26 
 
 20.00 
 167.00 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 48 
 
 100.00 
 50.00 
 
 105.00 
 
 49 
 
 
 5(j 
 
 70.00 
 
 20.00 
 26. .50 
 13.00 
 48.00 
 18.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 96. .50 
 
 32.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 15.00 
 13.72 
 66.00 
 
 
 51 
 
 50.00 
 80.00 
 24.50 
 
 
 52 
 
 40 00 
 
 53 
 
 30.00 
 
 54 . ... 
 
 
 S ; 
 
 
 30.00 
 
 56 
 
 192.50 1 6.00 
 23.98 ' 5.40 
 28. 75 9. 60 
 .55.00 80.90 
 
 292.00 6.84 
 
 115.66 2.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 .S7 
 
 12.00 
 
 oS 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 50.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 61 
 
 12.00 
 
 TO 00 
 48.00 
 2*i.00 
 
 
 62 
 
 180.50 
 
 161. 15 
 
 69.00 
 
 10.00 
 10.84 
 10.00 
 
 16.66 
 276.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 63 
 
 50.00 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total... 
 Avi-raBe . . . 
 
 1,824.30 
 28.50 
 
 2,220.82 
 34.70 
 
 2, 772. 81 
 43.33 
 
 6, 268. 58 
 82.32 
 
 782.40 
 12.23 
 
 1,132.51 
 17.70 
 
 895. 21 
 13.99 
 
 1,275.58 
 19.93 
 
 1,412.57 
 22.07 
 
 1,24S 26 
 19.50 
 
 Family 
 -N'o 
 
 1.. 
 2 . 
 3.. 
 4.. 
 6.. 
 
 0.. 
 
 7.. 
 h.. 
 9.. 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 13 
 
 13. 
 
 14. 
 
 16. 
 
 Liquors. 
 
 1016 
 
 $16.60 
 12 »i> 
 
 31 30 
 
 16. 
 17. 
 18. 
 19. 
 20. 
 
 21. 
 'i2. 
 23. 
 24. 
 26. 
 
 ae. 
 
 27. 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 
 lA.OO 
 
 H 26 
 
 1919 
 
 $2« 00 
 25.00 
 
 70.00 
 
 10. no 
 
 W).no 
 
 3 <« 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 1916 
 
 $10.40 
 
 18.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 20.80 
 72.80 
 
 5 20 
 
 26 00 
 
 5,00 
 
 18. rx) 
 
 24.00 
 
 7.80 
 
 5.20 
 
 10.40 
 
 15 60 
 13 00 
 
 1H,30 
 
 5 20 
 
 13 (JO 
 
 16 00 
 
 6 40 
 6 20 
 6.30 
 16,00 
 6,00 
 
 1919 
 
 $13.00 
 26.00 
 
 6.00 
 78.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 36 40 
 78.00 
 
 6.20 
 
 26.00 
 20 00 
 54.76 
 
 78.00 
 
 6.00 
 26 00 
 20.00 
 16.60 
 
 12 00 
 16.00 
 18.20 
 
 glokness. 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 $50,00 
 45. .50 
 
 134.00 
 50.00 
 76.00 
 
 23.20 
 
 9.00 
 
 260.00 
 
 220.00 
 
 53.00 
 
 106,00 
 65.00 
 
 85.60 
 14.00 
 
 22 00 
 2.00 
 
 60.00 
 6.00 
 
 26.00 
 30,00 
 
 16.00 ; 
 
 40.80 I 
 ft.00 I 
 
 68,00 
 
 160.00 
 
 112. (M) 
 
 3.5.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 117 90 
 
 30 00 
 
 10. 00 
 
 60.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 $12. 00 
 
 242.00 
 
 50. UO 
 
 93.00 
 
 260.00 
 
 278. 55 
 20 (10 
 
 368. (H) 
 80 f)0 
 
 151. W 
 
 220.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 5.50 
 
 13,S.00 
 
 144. W 
 
 115 IK) 
 25.00 
 61 (K) 
 32.00 
 
 96.00 
 
 150 m 
 
 309.110 
 
 66.11 
 
 40. Of) 
 
 33.00 
 200 (10 
 26. HI 
 36 20 
 M.UO 
 
 Funeral 
 expenses. 
 
 1916 
 
 Other purposes. 
 
 1916 
 
 $35.00 
 7.00 
 
 110. .59 
 48.12 
 92.61 
 
 71.65 
 183 95 
 235. 26 
 282.19 
 
 68.50 
 
 90.60 
 
 66 .VI 
 
 140. (Kl 
 
 lis. 45 
 
 293. K5 
 
 169. HO 
 40.18 
 80. W) 
 45 38 
 36.69 
 
 100 41 
 
 28 (19 
 60.60 
 19 0(1 
 44 (K) 
 
 114.55 
 
 13K 01 
 75. (H) 
 40.00 
 22.70 
 
 1919 
 
 $12.H 40 
 104.no 
 143.09 
 202. ,50 
 127.80 
 
 1,087.10 
 
 146 S4 
 
 260. (K) 
 
 216. So 
 
 73.15 
 
 103. (X) 
 429.00 
 372. 97 
 488.00 
 481.. 58 
 
 148. 33 
 82.00 
 273. -'0 
 127. .S2 
 166.23 
 
 135. 00 
 164.00 
 161.00 
 
 60 ()6 
 128.48 
 
 287.00 
 96.70 
 
 138. SO 
 68.96 
 69.00
 
 68 APPENDIXES. 
 
 EXPENDITURE FOR MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS-Concliidod. 
 
 Family 
 
 Ni>. 
 
 Liquors. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Sickness. 
 
 Funeral 
 expenses. 
 
 Other purposes. 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 $50.00 
 
 136.00 
 
 $120.00 
 
 $25.00 
 22.00 
 
 laj.oo 
 
 26.00 
 61.00 
 
 100.00 
 25.00 
 
 130.66 
 35. 00 
 12.00 
 
 39.00 
 95.00 
 
 
 $253. 92 
 
 111 25 
 
 146.60 
 
 26.00 
 
 4.71 
 
 139.30 
 117.20 
 
 55.10 
 259. 98 
 
 27.30 
 
 65.00 
 73.35 
 240. 50 
 89.00 
 42.60 
 
 92.66 
 
 197. 52 
 
 583. 60 
 
 50.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 156.00 
 245. (K) 
 
 34.25 
 5.04 
 
 40.00 
 
 60.00 
 37.00 
 20.00 
 118.88 
 94.36 
 
 75.07 
 
 9.62 
 
 17.37 
 
 20.00 
 
 $120. 25 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 
 164 00 
 
 33 
 
 $12 00 
 
 
 
 12.00 
 54.75 
 25.00 
 
 5.20 
 
 7.50 
 
 10. 40 
 
 20.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 18.25 
 28. 25 
 26.00 
 
 120.00 
 83.00 
 21.00 
 
 8.5.00 
 25. (X) 
 50.00 
 50.00 
 112.00 
 
 18. (X) 
 115.00 
 
 
 141.75 
 
 34 
 
 
 18.30 
 7.80 
 
 
 185. 80 
 
 35 
 
 13.00 
 
 
 
 83.24 
 
 36 
 
 
 $108. 00 
 
 120.00 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 206 48 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 36.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 255. 65 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 183.60 
 
 40 
 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 
 
 42 00 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 141.28 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 lis 64 
 
 43 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 26.00 
 
 
 330 00 
 
 44 
 
 
 35. 00 
 4.00 
 
 275.00 
 
 23.66 
 35.00 
 
 201.50 
 10.00 
 315.00 
 10.'). (X) 
 188.00 
 
 11.00 
 
 68. (X) 
 25. (XJ 
 25.00 
 90.00 
 
 25.00 
 15.00 
 75. UO 
 10.00 
 130.00 
 
 250. CX) 
 2.5.00 
 10.00 
 3B.0O 
 
 
 4.50 05 
 
 45 
 
 5.00 
 
 $5.00 
 
 18.30 
 
 10.00 
 . 13.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 3.00 
 15.00 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 46. 
 
 
 170. 93 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 191 30 
 
 4S 
 
 
 
 6.00 
 40.00 
 92.00 
 
 265.00 
 70.00 
 22.00 
 50.00 
 25.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 24.00 
 80.00 
 
 
 310 46 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 305 53 
 
 50 
 
 a5.oo 
 
 
 7.50 
 
 20.80 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 60.00 
 5.00 
 
 
 16 00 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 141 00 
 
 52 
 
 .50 
 
 
 
 235 90 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 40 50 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 2.60 
 13.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 17.00 
 
 
 20 00 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 203 09 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 516 30 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 102 74 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 5.20 
 
 52.00 
 
 
 191 70 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 2.50 00 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 25.00 
 5.00 
 
 65.00 
 10.00 
 
 63.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 32.50 
 
 6.00 
 
 14.00 
 
 
 124 56 
 
 61 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 
 536 50 
 
 6U 
 
 
 
 69 70 
 
 63 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 18.30 
 9.60 
 
 
 
 157 00 
 
 64 
 
 
 10.00 
 
 
 38 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total.. 
 Average — 
 
 241.56 1 128.00 
 3.77 2.00 
 
 701.90 
 10.97 
 
 1,213.30 
 18.96 
 
 3,846.60 
 60.10 
 
 6,783.52 
 90.37 
 
 108. (X) 
 1.69 
 
 6,311.94 
 98.62 
 
 12,534.86 
 195.86
 
 APPENDED E.— EXTENT TO WHICH ACTUAL COST OF QUANTITY BUDGET 
 MAY BE LESS THAN MARKET COST. 
 
 As stated in preceding sections, the cost, at market prices, of the 
 quantity budget submitted as necessary for the maintenance of a 
 family of five in health and decency would be (at prices prevailing 
 in Washington in August-September, 1919) $2,262.47. The actual 
 cost, as also noted, might be somewhat less than the cost at market 
 prices, for ih.e reason that a family is very often able to obtain 
 certain items in its budget at less than market cost. This is fre- 
 quently so in the matter of clothing. By closely following "spe- 
 cial" and "bargain" sales, an appreciable saving may sometimes be 
 effected in certain articles. The present budget allows for some pur- 
 chases at "sales" but manifestly it is impossible for the housewife to 
 purchase all or even a major portion of her family's supplies at sale 
 prices. 
 
 Many families are able to accumulate some savings before marriage 
 or in the earlier years of marriage, such, for instance,as are used in 
 the purchase in whole or in part of a home. This, of course, would 
 reduce the necessary outlay for house rent, which m this budget is 
 estimated to be S300 per year. 
 
 In these and other wa3's a family is often able to obtain the full 
 minimum quantity budget without spending the full amount of 
 money represented b}' the current market prices of the individual 
 itcMiB. It is impossible to estimate with accuracy the possible 
 amount of such saving. However, a careful consideration of the 
 budget, item by item, will indicate fairly well what the maximum 
 amount of saving miglit be in the case of a family which is intelligent 
 and iu<ky. Sudi an analysis has been made and the general results 
 arf [)resento(l below. 
 
 food.- — Tiie (juantities of food provided by the present budget are 
 believed Ut be the mininmm amounts necessary to health. More- 
 over, no 8ub.stituU« which will furnish the same food values will 
 cfToct any appreciable saving in cost. Apjireciable savings can be 
 efTocted only through (1) buying at lower prices than those indic-alcd; 
 
 (2) buying in bulk -i. e., a larger quantity than the ordinary unit; 
 
 (3) buying fruits, vegetables, and other articles otdy in season, when 
 priees are lowest. 
 
 As regards the first of those measures, purchasing at lower pri<'es 
 than cited in this budget, it should be noted that the prices used are 
 the averages obtained from a nutnber of stores, all of them located 
 in what are supposed to be the lower-priced neighborhoods. The
 
 70 APPENDIXES. 
 
 variations, however, nre in no way uniform; that is to say, the dealer 
 who had the lowest quotation on one article might very well have 
 had the highest on another. Average prices so obtained would 
 seem to represent very accurately the prices paid by a family living in 
 those neighborhoods. There are, however, considerable price differ- 
 ences between stores, even when located in the same neighborhood 
 end catering to the same class of trade. A tabulation of the data 
 obtained shows that the prices in the stores having the lowest aver- 
 age prices are about 5 per cent cheaper than the average prices of all 
 the stores combined. Therefore, if a housewife is able to find out 
 just which store is cheapest on the whole, a thing which is by no 
 means easy, as the question of quality must always be considered, 
 she could, by dealing there, effect a total possible saving of 5 per cent 
 of the average of all the stores covered by this investigation. This 
 would mean a saving of $38.70 on the $773.93 allowed for food in this 
 budget. 
 
 As regards the second possible method of economy, buying in bulk, 
 the amount of saving is limited by the fact that only a very few com- 
 modities can be bought in bulk and kept without spoiling. These 
 commodities are chiefly eggs (for preserving with water glass or 
 other method), condensed milk, flour, canned and dried fruits, 
 canned vegetables, and canned soups. Their cost constitutes about 
 one-seventh of the total food cost, and a saving of 10 per cent by 
 purchasing them in bulk, a fairly high percentage, would result in a 
 saving of less than U per cent in the total food budget. This would 
 amount to $11.61 on the total of $773.93 allowed for food in this 
 budget. 
 
 A practical difficulty to purchasing in bulk is that it means tying 
 up a considerable amount of money for a considerable period, a 
 thing which most workers' families are unable to do. 
 
 As regards the third suggested measure for economy, avoiding the 
 purchase of foods out of season, effort was made in preparing 
 the present budget to obtain the lowest seasonal prices on all com- 
 modities subject in any considerable degree to seasonal variation. 
 Inasmuch, however, as the investigation could not cover all seasons 
 of the year, some error may have been made in this respect. At the 
 most, however, such an error could not be very great as the num- 
 ber of commodities which may be so affected is very limited, con- 
 sisting chiefly of fresh fruits and fresh vegetables. A possible error 
 of 1 per cent on the total food cost due to this cause would seem 
 an extremely liberal estimate. The money saving thereby effected 
 would be $7.74 on the $773.93 allowed for food in this budget. 
 
 It would appear, therefore, that under the most favorable condi- 
 tiouB the total saving on the food budget here submitted would not
 
 APPENDIX E. — POSSIBLE SAVINGS ON COST OF BUDGET. 71 
 
 exceed 7^ per cent. This -would ainount to S58.04 and reduce the 
 total cost from S773.93 to $715.89. 
 
 Clothing. — In obtaining the clothing prices listed in this budget, 
 effort was made to obtain the lowest prices consistent with the 
 necessary degree of desirability. In doing so, probably more stores 
 were visited and more "shopping" done than the average housewife 
 is able to do. Also, some allowance was made for the purchase of 
 certain articles at special sale prices. On the other hand, it was 
 impracticable to continue the investigation for a sufficient time to 
 cover all the special-sale periods, which for the most part are seasonal. 
 Moreover, it is to be noted that, while these special sales used to be 
 frequent, thej* are infrequent at the present time, and the reductions 
 offered are usually very small. Thus, it is by no means certain, 
 but it is possible, that a careful purchaser, by following all the special 
 and seasonal sales, could purchase many of the articles of clothing 
 at somewhat lower prices than those listed in this budget. The 
 actual amount of possible saving by tliis method of purchase can not, 
 of course, be determined with any accuracy, but the maximum 
 saving it would seem could not very well exceed 5 per cent of the 
 total amount allowed for clothing expenditure, as real "bargain" 
 sales are now unusual, and reductions on certain clothing articles 
 ar<- rarely if ever made. 
 
 The only other methods by which saving on clothing prices can 
 be effected are by second-hand purchases and by making over 
 one member's garments for another member. The present budget 
 does not consider the purchase of second-hand clothes. To do so 
 would tend to convert it to a charity or pauper level and would 
 remove that element of self-respect and decency which has been con- 
 stantly held in mind in pre])jiring this budget. 
 
 No such criticism lies agairisl the making ovei <>f the garments of 
 one member of a family for another nu'nd)ei'. A family, for instance, 
 may very properly be exj)ected to "pass on" the outgrown clotlics 
 of one chiM lo a smaller child, or to make over, say, the wife's coat 
 for the young fjirl. Those possil)ilitieB have been recognized in 
 preparing this budget and have been allowed for in tlie case of cer- 
 tain simple garments. It has not been allowed for to its fullest 
 poHsilfh' (ixtent, as the making over of garnients usually means con- 
 siderable lieavy tailoring, and it was felt that tlie wife in this ])ar- 
 tienlar family was alreafjy 8uffIci(Mitly })urdened, and the expense 
 ol having such work done outside by regular tailors is usually so 
 high as to be uneconomical. 
 
 In any case, however, there is a definite limit to the saving which 
 may be effected by "passing on" old clothes. Yov moat of the items 
 listed in the budget, a life as long as consistent with usefulness has 
 been assumed. It is assumed, for instance, that the husband's
 
 72 APPENDIXES. 
 
 raincoat, after six years' wear, and his overcoat after four years' 
 wear, will be too worn for "passing on" purposes. However, there 
 ai'e a few items in the list of which this may not be true. 
 
 The ages and sexes of the children selected for this particular 
 budget are not those wliich lend themselves most conveniently to 
 the making over and passing on of garments, and in making a pos- 
 sible com])utrttion on this point, the particular family presented in 
 the standard budget has not been rigidly followed. 
 
 Assuming a family with a small boy, it would seem that he might 
 inherit one suit a year made over from the husband's worn-out suit. 
 Such a suit would probably save the family from S8 to $10 a year. 
 
 FYom the wife's wool suit, a dress might be made for a small girl. 
 A suit of the price allowed in the wife's budget would not be of heavy 
 enough material to be used for a cliild's coat. A wool-serge dress 
 for a child appears in the budget as S6 for two years — or $3 a year. 
 This amount might be saved by making over the wife's suit into a 
 dress. 
 
 If in the family there should be another small girl, the wife's wool- 
 serge dress might be made over into a dress for her and a similar 
 saving of $3 a year be effected. 
 
 The wife's coat might possibly be made over into a coat for a 
 small bo}' or girl, replacing a child's coat, which if purchased now 
 would cost SI 2 for two years or $6 a year. 
 
 ^Uso in some families where the children's sizes permit, overcoats 
 may be handed down without alterations and a saving of about $6 
 a year effected. 
 
 Some families find it possible also to cut down and make over the 
 larger worn-out garments of winter underwear for the smaller mem- 
 bers of the family. If some such policy as this is adopted, the entire 
 allowance of winter underwear for the youngest member of the 
 family may be eliminated and result in a saving of $4 or $5. 
 
 It is possible to conceive of a family where a saving of $25 to $30 
 a year might be effected by the muking-over and the "passing-on" 
 method; but since no allowance has been made for the cost of "find- 
 ings" and necessary trimmings in the making over of garments, $25, 
 or about 5 per cent of the clothing total, is perhaps the maximum 
 amount which should be considered. 
 
 This saving will be possible only in the event of a wife who is 
 quite skilled as a seamstress and who can find time, after attending 
 to numerous other duties, to do this additional amount of sewing. 
 
 The saving of 5 per cent by buying at special sales, and of an addi- 
 tional 5 per cent by making over and passing on garments, would 
 reduce the clothing budget by 10 percent, or from S513.72 to S462.35. 
 
 Hoiisin/^, fuel and light. — The budget here submitted allows $25 
 per month for rent. This is not the absolute minimum, as some
 
 APPENDIX E. POSSIBLE SAVINGS ON COST OF BUDGET. 73 
 
 families were found living in houses for which the monthly rent was 
 $22.50 (and in a very few cases lower). On the other hand, houses, 
 not appreciably better, were renting for $27.50 per month and over. 
 Thus, rents are not completely standardized, and the precise amount 
 of rent paid is in considerable part a matter of chance. A monthly 
 rent of $25 seems to be the probable minimum for which the average 
 family could obtain a small house in a low rent neighborhood. With 
 exceptional good fortune it might obtain an equally good house for 
 $22.50. The possibility of getting such a house at a lower rent than 
 $22.50 is so small as to be negligible. The maximum saving on 
 house rent, as a result of exceptional good fortmie, may thus be esti- 
 mated as not over $2.50 per month, or $30 per year. 
 
 On the other hand, it needs to be emphasized that the investiga- 
 tion of rents, made as part of this study, covered only the rents 
 being paid by occupants. Many of these occupants had been living 
 in the same house for a long period and had thus benefited under 
 the Saulsbury Act. In all probability the rent paid by such families 
 will be subject to some increase in the near future. 
 
 It is felt that the amount allowed for fuel and lighting ($128 per 
 year) can not be reduced by any practicable economy. This simi 
 was based upon a study of the actual expenditures of families in 
 small houses during the year ending August, 1919. It is believed 
 that these families did not spend more on fuel and lighting than 
 necessary for warmth and comfort, and, moreover, the past winter 
 in Washington was one of very mild temperature, requiring less fuel 
 for heating than the average winter. 
 
 Upkeep of hmi.<ir fvrniture and fvrnifihiiin.<i. — If the husband and 
 wife are fairly good mechanics, some small saving may be effected 
 by home rfpiiir work in connortion l^oth witii the house proper and 
 with the furriitiiro and furnishings of the house. On those hiltor 
 items the saving could not bo very groat as most of the items allowed 
 in the budget are for the roplaconiont of household linen, tableware 
 and kitrhon ware. These have already been priced at what seem 
 U) be minimum prices. 'ITiorofore, a possible cutting on these items 
 of house furniture and furnishings of 810 per year would seem to be 
 extremely libernl. 
 
 I/invdmi v'nrl\ The budgof suhmiftod nllows the housewife out- 
 giflo help to the extent of hiritig an ansistant with tlie washing for one 
 day per week at $2 a dny. It was folt that the nvorage housewife, 
 with her other variorl (lufi(>s, wouhl not be physically able to do the 
 full laundry for a family of five. Ft might happen, however, if the 
 wife wore except ionnlly strong, thiit the laundry for the family 
 could be done with less outside help. For instance, it might be 
 pos'^ible to economize by securing a^sistnnro with only the heavy 
 part of the washing. If a woman could bo secured for this purpose
 
 74 APPETTDTXES. 
 
 at SI for a part of a day a week, a saving of $52 a year would result. 
 This would certainly cut the laundry expense to the minimum, since 
 the budget does not allow for sending the husband's linen to a 
 steam laundry, a practice which is now almost universal. 
 
 Gleaning and supplies. — In the purchase of soap, tooth paste, and 
 laundry supplies a saving of about 10 per cent might be effected by 
 purchasing at certain down-town cut-rate stores and by purchasing 
 in quantities. If this should be done there would be a saving of 
 about S2.50 in the cost budget as previously presented. 
 
 Health. — The allowance of $80 per year for the maintenance of 
 hejdth — physician's charges, medicines, oculist, and dentist — is so 
 small for a family of five that no reduction in this item is possible. 
 It is highly questionable, indeed, whether the allowance is sufficiently 
 high. 
 
 Insurance. — No controversy can exist as to the importance of the 
 husband of a family carrying insurance on his life. As regards the 
 proper amount to carry questions may arise, but a $5,000 policy 
 seems none too high. 
 
 Furniture insurance — at $1.50 per year — would seem to justify its 
 slight expense by the protection offered. 
 
 Gar fare. — The budget presented allows the husband car fare to 
 and from work each workday. Tliis would seem justified on the 
 ground that such a considerable portion of Government employees 
 must of necessity live at such a distance from their work as to require 
 daily car riding. On the other liand, it may be argued that an em- 
 ployee, forced to economize, sliould obtain a house or apartment near 
 his work and that this is more readily possible in Wasliington, with 
 its small business section, than in most other cities. If the latter 
 course is pursued, there would be an annual saving in car fare of $30. 
 
 The allowance of three other car rides per week for the family 
 as a whole seems to be a minimum, as some car riding in a large city — 
 shopping, marketing, visiting friends, etc.— ^is almost inevitable. 
 
 Amusement and recreation. — The allowance of $20 per year for a 
 family of five is so small that no reduction is possible without com- 
 plete social isolation. 
 
 Newspapers. The budget allows one daily newspaper. No re- 
 duction of this item seems possible or desirable. 
 
 Gliurch and labor organizations. — An allowance of 25 cents per week 
 for church purposes and of SIO a year for labor organizations seems a 
 low minimum. 
 
 Incidentals. — An exceptionally fortunate family, and one so 
 tlirifty as to do little corresponding or telephoning and to give little 
 to charity or as patriotic contributions, might affect a reduction in 
 this item, but certainly not more than 25 per cent. This would mean 
 a saving of S1.3 per year.
 
 appe:n"dix e. — possible sayings oisr cost of budget. 75 
 
 Savings. — In the preparation of this budget it has been assumed 
 that the husband during his unmarried years and the wife and 
 husband during the early period of marriage have been saving 
 against the time when an increasmg family places an increasing 
 burden upon their income. Thus it has been assumed that the total 
 permanent equipment of the household will have been purchased 
 during this early period, representing an investment of possibly a 
 thousand dollars. The point then arises as to what further saving 
 may be assumed as reasonable. It is impossible to estimate the ex- 
 act amount, depending as it does on the income of the man. But if a 
 Government employee of the lower salaried group, during his single 
 and early married years, has been able to save SI, 000 (in addition 
 to, say, $1,000 invested in household furniture), he will have accom- 
 plished as much in the practice of tlirift as can reasonably be expected. 
 This wiU represent an annual saving of approximately 12^ per cent 
 of his salary over a period of years. If he has invested this sura in a 
 small house, he would be freed from the necessity of paying rent, 
 although, of course, he would have the burden of taxes, insurance, 
 and repairs. If he has invested it in interest-bearing securities, \\e 
 would receive an annual income of approximately $50, 
 
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