THE POETRY AND MYSTERY OP ** * DREAMS." BY CHARLES G. LELAND. Dreames be significations As well of joy as of tribulations, That folks endure in this life present : There nedeth to make of this none argument. CHAUCKB. ^ *,. '-'' '->.""',? > ) ? ^ 1 * - * "3i^ PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY E. H. BUTLER & CO. M.DCCO.LVL . \ Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by E. H. BUTLER & CO., in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. * THE jottrjr info gjgsterj of 3Bams, RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED MISS BELLE FISHER, CHARLES G. LELAND. M119808 Preface. object of this work is not to form a prophetic A guide to the future, but to present to those who are interested in the curiosities of Literature the belief of the great dreamers of antiquity as to the imagined significa- tion of a few of the vagaries of the mind during slumber, and to illustrate poetically the caprices of what is with many a highly poetic faculty. Dreams are no longer for intelligent minds, sources of hope or fear, but they still wanton through the halls of the spirit as of old, though the horn and ivory gates which were once supposed to determine their truth or falsehood, have long since been broken away. And they are still recorded as mysteri- ous or pleasing fantasies, still narrated at the breakfast table, and still quoted by lovers as affording involuntary illustrations of a passion which dares not declare itself in more direct terms. And there are many, especially among the young, who though devoid of superstition are still curious to know what this or that dream is said to signify, yet who very properly shrink from consulting those popular "dream-books" which are not only replete 1* (5) PREFACE. with coarse vulgarity, but also fail to give those explana- tions which were accepted as authentic in days when even the wisest placed full faith in the interpretations of Oneirology. I was first induced to compile this work, by observing that many of the similes of the older English and German poets were evidently inspired by the beautiful superstitions of their day, and indeed that all the art of the Middle Ages, whether literary or plastic, rests to a degree upon a supernatural foundation. The mysticism or spiritualism of HERRICK is by no means confined to his "Fairy Land" or " Charms and Ceremonies ;" CHAUCER has carried his respect for Dreamland to the verge of faith, while in SHAKSPEARE we find the inspiration of popular belief constantly developed in the most exquisite fancies. In illustrating the ancient interpretations of dreams by frag- ments of modern poetry, I have therefore simply attempted to bring back the latter to the point whence it in many instances originated, and to compare the perfect flower with the first rude cutting from which it sprung. In " Mackay's Memoirs of Popular and Extraordinary Delusions" a work distinguished in most respects for ingenuity, interest, and erudition we find the following remarkable assertion. " The rules of the Art of Oneiro- Criticism (or the interpreting dreams), if any existed in an- cient times, are no longer known." Without pretending to the slightest vindication of the merit of the works in question I must be allowed to express my astonishment that a gentleman of Mr. Mackay's reading should have been t PREFACE. vii ignorant that in Artemidorus we have a complete resumS of the rules of Oneirology as believed by the Greeks and Romans, and that in the poetic dream-books of Astramp- sychius, and Nicephorus the Patriarch of Constantinople, there is a sufficient approach, as regards age, to the days of antiquity to give a strong colour to the supposition that in those days of tradition their contents were derived from much older sources. In the Oneiro-Criticism of Achmet the Arabian we have a vast collection of explanations of dreams, professedly drawn from Egyptian, Indian, and Persian tradition, and which bear intrinsic evidence of their Oriental origin. It is to these works that I have been principally indebted for the interpretations contained in this volume, with the exception, indeed, of a few German Dream-Books of the Middle Ages. Extracts from the latter could not with propriety have been omitted, when we remember the vast preponderance of the Teutonic element in our superstitions and poetry. Br 4. Introduction. TN the olden time prophecy and poetry were believed to be inspired by the same spirit, and the same word VATES was indifferently applied to either of their ministers. Now, however, when antique oracles are dumb, and even dreams and visions are no longer regarded as prophetic of coming weal or woe, it is only as a humble dependant on the magic of poesy and art, that the whilome soothsayer is allowed to dazzle with his enchantments. Still there are moments when his misty spectre seems endowed with reality, and there are few minds who will not entertain him at times in the bower of imagination, although ashamed to admit him to the higher hall of reason. And there are very few who are not occasionally inter- ested in the mysterious, uncontrollable operations of the mind during slumber. " Dreams, " says a writer, " are the novels which we read when asleep" and it is in these wild romances, that the sternest and gravest foes of the Imagi- native and Fantastic in art and literature, read their reproof written legibly by Nature herself. And when we reflect on the inexplicable manner in which the subtlest and (9) % X INTRODUCTION. most occult workings of the mind are at times entangled with our dreams, becoming, so to speak, half revealed ; and appearing to the observer who never investigates the won- drous world within, like a veritable gleam from a spirit world above, it does not appear strange that there have existed in all ages myriads who believed with religious faith that supernatural intimations were permitted to even the humblest, during sleep. It is true that modern science and investigation have well nigh explained all the mysteries of dreams, or at least have opened a path to their explanation. The singular faculty of latent memory so well illustrated by Coleridge and De Quincey, and the established fact that this power is frequently awakened in dreams, would serve of itself to ex- plain many a mysterious revelation, which the Rosicrucian philosopher would have ascribed to his mystical Adech or invisible "inner sprite," but which the modern is contented to attribute to fortuitous association. If to the latent me- mory, we add the quite as mysterious but more usual quality of forgetfulness, we have an explanation of the manner in which knowledge was not only acquired, but also concealed. And as the power displayed by even weak men during convulsions, or while under the influence of some dominant passion, proves the existence of latent and seemingly im- measurable physical strength, so the mind, in dreams, dis- plays not only the memory alluded to, but also hidden powers which either slumber entirely during our waking hours, or are so subtle in their operation as to defy detec- INTRODUCTION. xi tion. Should the former be the case, we can only pre- sume them to be the very partial development of embryo faculties, which are only to be expanded in a future life. If the latter, we must assume that the apparent sponta- neity of much reasoning, in its relation to the memory, has been as yet, despite the efforts of Cousin, but very slightly investigated. When we recall the vast magazine of know- ledge which memory presents to these powers, we can no longer wonder that they should occasionally form combi- nations and conclusions which appear to the unreflecting, perfectly miraculous. It is, therefore, not impossible that some philosopher, aided by the researches of modern chemists in the appli- cation of their science to the nervous system, and by the theories of such writers as SALVERTE, who seek to establish the claims of ancient magic on physical experience, will yet succeed in restoring to Dreamland its rank as a first- class power among the kingdoms of the mind. Whether this be effected or not, we trust that enough has been said to justify on the one hand, any doubt as to the super- natural claims of Oneirology, and yet on the other to ad- mit, in the words of Chaucer, That no man should be too reckeless Of dreames, for I say thee doubtlesse That many a dreme full sore is for to drede. 4 .* The Dream Angel. rpHOSE instances, I believe, are neither few nor far be- tween, in which dreams have given to the afflicted, positive comfort and encouragement during their waking hours. The features of the loved who have long been parted from us either by accident or death, are thus renewed or revivified far more sympathetically than can be done by the most accurate portrait, while to the lover despairing of his lady's favour, a pleasant dream often holds forth hopes not less stimulating than her smiles. All, it is true, are not gifted with such vivid imaginations as to frequently experience these sweet delusions, but they have in every age existed to such a degree that the world has never wanted races who held with religious faith that " Departed spirits at their will Could from the Land of Souls pass to and fro, Coming to us in sleep when all is still." To those who can feel a poetic sympathy with this be- lief, the following sketch, which owes its existence to a hint from Jean Paul's " Voice of the Heart," may not prove un- 2 (13) THE DR^AM ANGEL. acceptable as an attempt to embody in a legendary form this mysterious Spirit of Dreams. Once the bright Angel whose duty it is to watch over the happiness of Man, even the Guardian Angel of the World, drew near the throne of the Heavenly Father, and prayed : " Give me, oh Father ! a way by which I may teach Man how to avoid a part at least of the many sins and temptations which the Fall hath entailed upon him ! For Man is not always bad ; at times he feels my better influ- ence ; at times his heart is ready to receive the good which a light external aid might fix upon him !" Then the Father spoke to the Angel and said, "Give him the Dream V 9 The sweet Guardian flew over the world with his sister the Dream. Far and wide they spread their gentle influ- ence, and the hearts of life-weary mortals were rejoiced. But the soft breathings of the Dream Angel fell not alike on all. To the good and gentle who had sunk to rest amid the blessings of their loved ones, and whose slumber was deepened by the toil of the good deeds which they had done, there came soft and silent glimpses of the far land of light. Forgetting the narrow prison of the world, their souls rose up and spread broad and wide over the land of vision, gazing with eagle eyes upon its golden glories. But as the night waned their dream grew dim, and the outer influences of life gently closed about them and drew them back to the world and to the body, even as the corolla of the night-flower closes about it, and shuts from its gaze its best loved starry heaven. THE DREAM ANGEL. 15 To the toil-worn, sun-burnt husbandman who had fallen asleep in despair, and who ever feared lest some grim ac- cident might destroy the fruit of his labour, the sweet Dream came like a soft summer shower upon the parched and dusty fields ; and as he dreamed, he saw the green corn rising in goodly ranks, and gazed with joy upon the soft small ears, which, at first no larger than flower-buds, seemed, as he beheld them, to expand to full maturity. There are certain dream fantasies and strange sleep- changes which are to be found only in the deep unbroken slumber resulting from bodily fatigue, or in the light irre- gular rest of fever; even as the grotesque blue dragon fly, and the strange water-flitter are found only on the sur- face of the deep silent pool, or over the shallow, dancing brook ; and as the husbftndman slept on, the fantastic sprites who attend the Dream, flitted about him and spread a gay confusion over the happy vision. For as he gazed upon the golden ears, a purple and scarlet cloud seemed to overshadow him, while round about he heard the pealing of bells, the merry singing of familiar voices, and the low- ing of cattle ; and in the intervals there came shouts as of glad friends at the harvest home. Then the purple cloud gathered about him, but the* dream spirits with their long shadowy arms drew him through it, and he now stood be- fore a well-filled granary; and as tears of joy ran down his cheeks, his wife and loved ones gathered about him, and their blessings and praises sunk into his heart, and mingled with the even-hymn which rose like a golden cloud from the ocean of his soul. And he awoke from the sweet 16 THE DREAM ANGEL. dream, and blessed it for the hope with which it had in- spired him. But the Dream flew on, and it came to a guilty prisoner who had fallen asleep, cursing his judges, his doom, and the damp black fetters which clung like cold adders to his limbs. And as he dreamed, the prison was opened, the cold chains fell away, and remorse and rage no longer fixed their poison-fangs upon his heart. A bright light shone upon him, and blessed thoughts of mercy, repentance, and reconciliation flitted through his mind like golden-winged butterflies through a summer garden ; and he awoke trust- ing in release, with his heart filled with love and kindness. Did the cold damp fetters fall from his limbs ? Were the prison doors opened ? The fetters fell not away ; the prison doors remained fast ; and worn^iown by famine and sick- ness he perished alone in the narrow dungeon. But the blessed hope which the gentle Dream had left in his heart, gladdened his last hour, and as he died exclaiming " Not my will, but thine, oh Father !" behold there was joy in Heaven. It hath been said, that Hope alone is left to mortals ; but with her abideth her sister the Dream, who maketh her known to us. For by the Dream, men are led to Hope. To Dream Land. OH ! blessed land of Dreams, Soft memories and blissful hours are thine ; Strange moonlit fountains and fitful gleams Surround thy shrine. Dreams for the weary one, Who through a long and toilsome day must weep, Come with sweet music breathing in their tone, In balmy sleep. Dreams for the broken-hearted ; Glad angel-tones arise from the dim past, Telling of hours that have long since departed, Too bright to last. Dreams for the stained of crime ; Thoughts of their innocent and early years, Come rushing o'er them from the past of time, With bitter tears. Dreams, too, for those who mourn ; Of that blest realm which knows not care or pain, From whence the dead to vision land return, We meet again. Dreams unto us are given, To soothe the weary, and the heart-oppressed ; Oh ! realm of visions, poised 'twixt earth and heaven-, We call thee blest ! W. B, HART. 2*. (17) Abbot. *v ; "If you dream of an abbot, it presages great age." THE DREAM PROPHET OP NIC. VON KLINGELBERO. SADLY through yon graveyard creeps The abbot old and hoar, His long beard in the night wind sweeps, His heart knows joy no more. No more he hears no more he sees ; A long staff guides his way ; What seeks he there ? why brave the breeze ? He counts the graves, they say. And ever as he counts, it seems As still were wanting one ; He shakes his hoary head, and deems Next day his race is run. Not yet is made that couch his own ; Warm tears his wan cheeks lave ; When yon firm fabric's overthrown, He'll only find his grave. C. REINHOLD. Ashes are on my head, and on my lips Sackcloth, and in my breast a heaviness And weariness of life, that makes me ready To say to the dead abbots under us, Make room for me ! LONGFELLOW. (18) . .- Absence. Absence from home on distant journeying is a most favourable omen in dreams, presaging great happiness. ACHMET SEIRIM, c. 147. FARE thee well, thou lane so humble ! quiet home, fare well to thee ! Sadly gazed I on my parents ; and my Mary gazed on me. Here so far, so far I wander ; still for home and love I long; Merry sing my wild companions ; but it seems a hollow song, Other cities oft receive me, other maidens oft I see ; Other maidens are they truly, not the maiden loved by me. " Other cities, other maidens !" here so lost and sad I stand; Other maidens, other cities ! give me back my Father- land ! COUNT ALBERT VON SCHLIPPENBACH. Why must our souls thus love and thus be riven ? Return thy parting wakes mine agony ! HEMANS. (19) 20 POETRY OF DREAMS. Must I then, must I then from my home-land away, And my love no longer see ? In a year, in a year, in a year from to-day I'll return, my own heart's love to thee. Think not, if other maids I meet, That false I e'er can be ; If thou'rt true, if thou'rt true, if thou'rt true to me, sweet, Thine own love, thine own love I'll be ! In a year, in a year when the vintage hath come, Again I'll be here by thy side. If thou'rt true to me, true to me, true to me then, We'll be happy as bridegroom and bride. In a year my wandering will be o'er Then I'll dream of thee and thine. If thou'rt true to me, true to me, true to me then, I'll be blest and make thee mine. FROM THE GERMAN BY CHARLES G. LELAND. Account Books. To dream of account-books , receipts, notes, bills, $c., presages great wealth. To go over such business docu- ments, or to add up figures, is a sure sign that some weighty affair has been neglected and requires immediate attention. GERMAN DREAM BOOK. TARE and tret ; Gross and net, Box and hogsheads, dry and wet : Ready made, Of every grade, Wholesale, retail, will you trade ? POETRY OF DREAMS. 21 Goods for sale, Roll or bale, Ell or quarter, yard or nail ; Every dye, Will you buy ? None can sell as cheap as I ! Thus each day Wears away, And his hair is turning gray ! He nightly looks O'er his books, Counts his gains and bolts his locks. By and by He must die But the Ledger-Book on high Will unfold- How he sold, How he got and used his gold. FROM THE ST. ANTHONY (MINNESOTA) CASKET. JEolian Harps. Spirits hover around you in dreams, Fortune and happiness. REICHHALTIGES TRAUM BUCH. THIS life of ours is a wild aeolian harp of many a joyous strain, But under them all there runs a loud perpetual wail, as of souls in pain. LONGFELLOW. 22 POETRY OF DREAMS. The chord, the harp's full chord is hushed. The voice hath died away, Whence music, like sweet waters, gushed But yesterday. And all the memories, all the dreams They woke in floating by, The tender thoughts, th' Elysian gleams Could these too die ? Whence were they ? like the breath of flowers, Why thus to come and go ? A long, long journey must be ours, Ere this we know ! HEMANS. A sound of music, such as they might deem The song of spirits that would sometimes sail Close to their ear, a deep, delicious stream, Then sweep away and die with a low wail ; Then come again. CBOLY. I've heard thee wake with touch refined, The viewless harp strings of the wind, When on my ears their soft tones fell, Sweet as the voice of Israfel. HENRY NEELE. Hast heard in dreams the wind harp's tone ? Then in thy soul rejoice ; No one is friendless and alone, Who hears its spirit-voice. ANONYMOUS. Anchor. According to VON GERSTENBERGK, who has culled his "Dream Lexicon" from the writings of APOMAZOR, ARTE- MIDORUS, CARD ANUS, and JOHN ENGELBRECHT ; to dream of an anchor denotes security. Others declare it to presage the fulfilment of long-deferred hopes, while a third author- ity asserts that it implies hindrance and delay. AT first all deadly shapes were driven Tumultuously across her sleep, And o'er the vast cope of bending Heaven All ghastly visaged clouds did sweep ; And as towards the east she turned She saw aloft in the morning air, Which now with hues of sunrise burned, A great black anchor rising there ; And wherever the lady turned her eyes It hung before her in the skies. The sky was blue as the summer sea, The depths were cloudless over head, The air was calm as it could be, There was no sight nor sound of dread, But that black anchor floating still Over the piny eastern hill. MARIANNE'S DREAM. SHELLEY. (23) Angels. To dream of angels presages joy and prosperity with the fulfilment of our dearest hope. ACHMET SEIRIM, c. 10. PERCHANCE she knows it by her dreams, Her eye hath caught the golden gleams (Angelic presence testifying), That round her everywhere are flying ; Ostents from which she may presume That much of Heaven is in the room. Skirting her own bright hair they run, And to the sunny add more sun. CHARLES LAMB. But may ye not unseen, around us hover, With gentle promptings and sweet influence yet ; Though the fresh glory of those days be over, When midst the palm-trees, man your footsteps met ? Are ye not near when faith and hope rise high, When love by strength o'ermasters agony ? HEMANS. It is a beautiful, a blest belief That the beloved dead, grown angels, watch The dear ones left behind. L. E. L. (24) POETRY OF DREAJVIS. 25 Light as the angel shapes that bless An infant's dream, yet not the less Rich in all woman's loveliness. MOORE. Antiquities Curiofities. To dream of antique, rare, and costly objects, presages some "happy event the arrival of a dear friend, or a fortu- nate and unexpected discovery. NICHOLAUS VON KLINGELBERG. CASES of rare medallions, coins antique Found in the dust of cities, Roman, Greek : And urns of alabaster, soft and bright, With fauns and dancing shepherds on their sides ; And costly marble vases dug from night In Pompeii, beneath its lava-tides : Clusters of arms, the spoil of ancient wars, Old scymitars of true Damascus brand, Short swords with basket-hilts to guard the hand, And iron casques with rusty visor-bars : Lances and spears, and battle-axes keen, With crescent edges, shields with studded thorns, Yew-bows, and shafts, and curved bugle-horns, With tassled baldrics of the Lincoln green : And on the walls with lifted curtains, see ! The portraits of my noble ancestry ; Thin-featured, stately dames with powdered locks, And courtly sheph