THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES. BY SIR HUGH FRASER, LL.D., A BENCHER OF THE INNER TEMPLE ; AUTHOR OF " THE LAW OP PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND ELECTION PETITIONS." LONDON : SWEET AND MAXWELL, LIMITED, 3, CHANCERY LANE, W.C. 2. 1918. PREFACE. IN this book the whole of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, is set out verbatim. The provisions of the sections are fully dealt with in the explanatory Notes which follow them. The various parts of the sections commented on and explained in the Notes are printed in promi- nent type so that the reader may have no difficulty in finding in the Note to a particular section that part of the section in regard to which he wishes for guidance. In some of the more important sections, par- ticularly in Part I., which deals with " Fran- chises," it has been thought more convenient and helpful to the reader to deal with the subject in the form of propositions which state shortly the requirements of the section dealt with. Questions of difficulty will undoubtedly arise as to the interpretation of the language of some of the sections, and it has been thought advisable and indeed necessary to refer to the decisions of the Courts as to the meaning of a (2) 414967 IV PREFACE. similar language in former statutes relating to the franchise, although such statutes are now repealed. It has been thought useful to deal in some detail with the method and costs of elections and with corrupt and illegal practices, all of which subjects are to a greater or less extent affected by the present Act. Appended to the Registration Rules will be found footnotes where it was thought that such footnotes would be useful, and in writing the Notes to the sections of the Act the Author has endeavoured to keep in view the duties and difficulties of the registration officer. In the Introduction will be found a short survey of the progressive reforms in Parlia- mentary representation introduced by and since the Reform Act, 1832, together with a summary of the far-reaching changes introduced by the present Act. The Appendices contain, in addition to the County Court Rules, Supreme Court Rules, and Statutes bearing on the subject, the Orders in Council made under the Act, and Directions of the Local Government Board to registration officers, so far as such Orders and Directions were available up to the time of going to press, and it has been thought desirable, as a matter PREFACE. V of historical interest, to include the Report of the Speaker's Conference. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to my learned friend, Mr. ALEXANDER P. FAOHIRI, Barrister-at-Law, for most valuable assistance in the preparation of the work and for many useful suggestions. I have also to thank Mr. H. F. OLDMAN for his kindness in reading through the proofs as they were passing through the press, and for giving rne the benefit of his wide practical experience of the subjects dealt with in this book, and particularly of registration. H. F. 1, BRICK COURT, TEMPLE, E.G. 4th July, 1918. ( vii ) CONTENTS. PAGE TABLE OF OASES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix INTRODUCTION . xxiii PAET I. FRANCHISES. SECTION 1. Parliamentary franchises (men) 1 2. University franchise (men) 37 3. Local Government franchise (men) 40 4. Franchises (women) 63 5. Special provisions for persons serving on war' service. .. 76 6. Qualifying period 94 7 . Supplemental provisions as to residence and occupation . 98 8. Eight of person registered to vote 100 9. Provisions as to disqualifications 112 10. Provision as to qualification of councillor 123 PAET II. EEGISTRATION. 11. Spring and autumn registers 125 12. Eegistration officers and areas 130 13. Eegistration duties ._ 133 14. Appeals 134 15. Expenses of registration 139 16. Special provisions with respect to urban districts and London 145 17. Special provision as to registration of freemen, &c.... 147 18. Compensation to existing officers 148 19. Eegister for university constituencies 153 CONTENTS. PART III. METHOD AND COSTS OF ELECTIONS. SECTION PAGE 20. Proportional representation in certain university con- stituencies, and certain other constituencies, if scheme for selection is approved .......................................... 155 21. Polls to be held on one day at a general election, &c.... 161 22. Penalty for voting at a general election in more con- stituencies than allowed ............................................. 164 23. Voting by absent voters .......................................... 172 24. Voting by persons in the employment of returning officers ...................................................................... 203 25. Eight to the use of elementary schools ..................... 204 26. Deposit by candidates at parliamentary elections ...... 207 27. Forfeiture of deposit in certain cases ..................... 208 28. Returning officers ...................................................... 211 29. Payment of returning officers' expenses by Treasury... 214 30. Discharge of returning officers' duties by an acting returning officer ........................................ . ............... , 217 31. Division of constituency into polling districts, and ap- pointment of polling places ....................................... 220 32. Place of election ...................................................... 223 33. Scale of election expenses ....................................... 223 34. Expenses incurred by unauthorised persons ............ 269 35. Certain Acts to have permanent effect ..................... 278 36. Conduct of elections for university constituencies ...... 279 PART IV. REDISTRIBUTION OF SEATS. 37. Redistribution of seats .. 282 PART V. GENERAL. 38. Punishment of offences committed outside the United Kingdom 283 39. Re-arrangement of polling districts to suit new con- stituencies 303 40. Regulations to be laid before Parliament 304 41. Interpretation 305 CONTENTS. IX PART V. continued. SECTION PAGE 42. Adaptation of Acts 308 43. Application to Scotland 309 44. Application to Ireland 326 45. Application of Act to the Isles of Scilly 335 46. Commencement of Act and first register 336 47. Repeal and short title 337 SCHEDULES. ."First Schedule Registration Rules 339 Second Schedule Modifications of the Ballot Act, 1872 (First Schedule) 357 Third Schedule Provisions as to Voting by Proxy 359 Eourth Schedule Provisions to be substituted for Part IV. of the Eirst Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, and for paragraph (3) of Part V. of the same Schedule 363 Fifth Schedule Part I. Provisions as to University Elec- tions other than Scottish University Elections 364 Part II. Provisions as to Scottish University Elections 373 Sixth ScheduleAdaptation of Acts 386 Seventh Schedule Returning Officers for Scottish Con- stituencies situated in more than one SherifEdom 391 Eighth Schedule Enactments Repealed 391 Ninth Schedule Redistribution of Seats . 403 Appendix I. Orders in Council, Directions of Local Government Board, &c 555 Appendix II. County Court Rules and Eules of the Supreme Court 636 Appendix III. Statutes 672 Appendix IV. Draft Rules as to Proportional Representa- tion 718 Appendix V. Report of the Speaker's Conference 737 Appendix VI. (Supplementary to Appendix I.) Additional Orders in Council 747 INDEX. XI TABLE OF CASES. ief facts of the case are set out on the pages in the text which in this table are in heavy type,'] PAGE Adams v. Ford (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 239; 55 L. J. Q. B. 13; 49 J. P. 711; 53 L. T. 666; 34 W. E. 64; Colt. 403... 54 Aitchison v. Lothian (1890), 18 Ct. of Sess. Oases (4tli Series), 337 55 Allan v. Liverpool: Inman v. Kirkdale (1874), L. E. 9 Q. B. 180; 43 L. J. M. 0. 69; 30 L. T. 93; 22 W. E. 330... 58 Allchurch v. Hendon Union, (1891) 2 Q. B. 436; 61 L. J. M. 0. 27, 65, 450; 40 W. E. 86 21, 51 Anekeiill v. Baylis (1882), 10 Q. B. D. 577; 52 L. J. Q. B. HJ4; 48 L. T. 342; 31 W. E. 233; Colt. 289; S. 0., sub nom. Ancketill v. Roberts, 46 J. P. 791 58 Banbury (1797), Heywood, 318 , 5 Barlow v. Smith (1892), Fox & S. 293 11 Barnett v. Hickmott, (1895) 1 Q. B. 691; 64 L. J. Q. B. 407; 72 L. T. 236; 43 W. E. 284; Eox & S. 412 52 Barrow-in-Furness (1886), 4 0. & H. 76 238, 241, 263 Beal v. Ford (1877), 3 C. P. D. 73; 42 J. P. 119; 47 L. J. 0. P. 56; 37 L. T. 408; 26 W. E. 146; 2 Hop. & C, 374 12 Beal v. Town Clerk of Exeter (1887), 20 Q. B. D. 300; 57 L. J. Q. B. 128; 58 L. T. 407; 36 W. E. 507; Scott Fox, 31 15 Beauchamp (Earl of) v. Overseers of Madresfield (1872), L. E. 8 0. P. 245; 37 J. P. 39; 42 L. J. C. P. 32; 27 L. T. 606; 21 W. E. 124; 2 Hop. & C. 41 5,42,68 Bedford (1833), 0. & E. 98 5 Bedfordshire (1785), Burgess's Case, 2 Lud. E. C. 567 ... 5 Berwick-on-Tweed (1880), 3 O. & H. 219 197 Xll TABLE OF CASES. PAGB Bond v. Overseers of St. George's, Hanover Square (1870), L. E. 6 0. P. 312; 35 J. P. 88; 40 L. J. C. P. 47; 23 L. T. 494; 19 W. E. 101; Hop. & 0. 427 14 Boon v. Howard (1874), L. E. 9 0. P. 277; 38 J. P. 678; 43 L. J. C. P. 115; 30 L. T. 382; 22 W. E. 535; 2 Hop. & C. 208 21, 50 Bowden v. Besley (1888), 21 Q. B. D. 309; 59 L. T. 219; 57 L. J. Q. B. 473; 36 W. E. 889; 52 J. P. 536 266 Bridgwater (1803), 1 Peck, 108 : 5 Bristol (Marquis of) v. Beck (1907), 96 L. T. 55; 71 J. P. 99; 23 T. L. E. 224 5 British Industry Life Assurance Co. v. Ward (1856), 17 C. B. 644 138 Buckrose (1.886), 4 O. & H. 110 191, 193 Burgoyne v. Collins, 8 Q. B. D. 450; 51 L. J. Q. B. 335; 30 W. E. 923; 46 J. P. 390 266 Campbell v. Morris (1895), 23 Ct. of Sess. Gas. (4th Series) 118 52 Cawley v. Furnell (1851), 12 C. B. 291; 20 L. J. 0. P. 197; 15 Jur. 908 138 Chorlton v. Lings (1868), L. E. 4 0. P. 374; 32 J. P. 824; 38 L. J. C. P. 25; 19 L. T. 534; 17 W. E. 284; 1 Hop. &C. 1 68 Oirencester (1893), 4 O. & H. 196 187, 195 Clutterbuck v. Taylor, (1896) 1 Q. B. 395; 60 J. P. 278; 65 L. J. Q. B/314; 74 L. T. 177; 44 W. E. 531; 12 T. L. E. 235; 1 Smith Eeg. 59, 61 53 Oockermouth (1901), 5 0. & H. 156 262, 274 Cox v. Davies, (1898) 2 Q. B. 202; 67 L. J. Q. B. 95; 14 T. L. E. 427 266 Cook v. Humber (1861), 11 C. B. (N. S.) 40; 31 L. J. 0. P. 73; 5 L. T. 838; 10 W. E. 427; 8 Jur. (N. S.) 698; K. & G. 413 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 37, 46, 49, 51, 59 Cook v. Butler (1872), L. E. 8 C. P. 256; 37 J. P. 133; 42 L. J. C. P. 25; 27 L. T. 548; 21 W. E. 73; 2 Hop. & C. 22 30 Gory v. Bristow (1877), 2 App. Gas. 27; 46 L. J. M. 0. 273; 36 L. T. 595; 25 W. E. 283 58 Cuthbertson v. Parsons (1852), 12 0. B. 304; 21 L. J. C. P. 165; 16 Jur. 360 138 TABLE OF CASES. Xlll PAGE Daniel v. Coulsting (1845), 7 M. & G. 122; 14 L. J. C. P. 70; 8 Sco. N. E. 949; 9 Jur. 258; 1 Lut. E. 0. 230; Bar. & Arn. 380 2 Dodds v. South Shields Union, (1895) 2 Q. B. 133; 64 L. J. Q. B. 508; 72 L. T. 645; 59 J. P. 452; 43 W. E. 572; 14E. 422 31 Donoghue v. Brook (1887), 57 L, J. Q. B. 122; 58 L. T. 411; Scott Fox, 100 56 Douglas v. Smith, (1907) 1 K. B. 126; 23 T. L. E. 612 ... 59 Dover v. Prosser, (1904) 1 K. B. 84; 68 J. B. 37; 73 L.J. K. B. 13; 89 L, T. 724; 52 W. E. 140; 1 Smith Eeg. 313 55 Downing v. Luckett (1847), 5 0. B. 40; 17 L. J. C. P. 31; 10 L. T. (0. S.) 264; 11 Jur. 993; 2 Lut. E. C. 33 2T Duffy v. Chambers (1889), L, E. Ir. 100 56 % Bast Dorset (1910), 6 O. & H. 39 242, 249, 273, 27T Elgin & Nairn (1895), 5 0. & H. 13 234, 243, 244, 248 Exeter (1911), 6 O. & H. 232 186, 194, 198 Falconer v. Dunlop (1890), W. N. (1897) 124; 18 Ct. of Sess. Oas. (4th Series) 342 14 Furguson v. Black (1889), 26 L. E. Ir. 100 56 Finsbury (1892), 4 O. & H. 176 239 Ford v. Barnes (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 257; 55 L. J. Q. B. 25; Colt. 397 56 Ford v. Drew (1879), 5 0. P. D. 59; 44 J. P. 58; 49 L. J. 0. P. 172; 41 L, T. 478; 28 W. E. 137; 1 Colt. 1 15 Ford v. Hart (1873), L. E. 9 0. P. 273; 38 J. P. 216; 43 L, J. C. P. 24; 29 L. T. 685; 22 W. E. 159; 2 Hop. & 0. 167 15 Ford v. Pye (1873), L. E. 9 0. P. 269; 38 J. P. 136; 43 L. J. 0. P. 21; 29 L. T. 684; 22 W. E. 159; 2 Hop. & 0. 157 15 Gledhill v. Orowther (1889), 23 Q. B. D. 136; 58 L. J. Q. B. 327; 60 L. T. 866; 53 J. P. 677 267 Great Northern Eailway Co. v, "Eimel (1856), 18 0. B. 575 138 Great Yarmouth (1906), 5 0. & H. 193 249, 253, 254, 273 XIV TABLE OF CASKS. PAGE Haggerston (1893), 5 O. & H. 72 250 Harford v. Linskey, (1899) 1 Q. B. 852; 58 L. J. Q. B. 599; 80 L. T. 417; 63 J. P. 263; 15 T. L. E. 306 269 Harmon v. Park (1881), 7 Q. B. D. 769; 50 L. J. Q. B. 725; 45 L. T. 174; 45 J. P. 174 266 Harris v. Amery (1865), L. B, 1 0. P. 148; 35 L. J. 0. P. 89; 13 L. T. (N. S.) 504; 14 W. E. 199; 12 Jur. (N. S.) 165; Hop. & Ph. 294 35, 57 Haswell v. Stewart (1874), 1 Ct, of Sess. Oas. 925, 231 ... 190 Hayward v. Scott (1879), 5 C. P. D. 231; 44 J. P. 122; 49 L. J. 0. P. 167; 28 W. E. 988; 1 Oolt. 76 4 Heath v. Haynes (1857), 3 0. P. (N. S.) 389; 27 L. J. C. P. 50; 30 L. T. (0. S.) 134; 6 W. E. 52; 4 Jur. (N. S.) 664; K. & Gk 99 47 Henrette v. Booth (1863), 15 0. B. (N. S.) 500; 28 J. P. 120; 33 L. J. 0, P. 61; 9 L. T. 392; 12 W. E. 173; 9 Jur. (N. S.) 1293; Hop. & Ph. 23 ...17, 18, 22, 49, 51 Holland v. Chambers, Devine's Case, (1894) 2 I. E. 442... 28, 46 Holland v. Chambers, John Doherty's Case, (1894) 2 I. E. 285 47 Howes v. Turner (1876), 1 0. P. D. 670; 45 L. J. 0. P. 550; 35 L, T. 58 269 Inman v. Kirkdale (1874), L. E. Q. B. 180; 43 L. J. M. C. 69; 30 L. T. 93; 22 W. E. 330 58 Ipswich (1886), 4 0. & H. 74 241 Isaacson v. Durant (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 54; 55 L. J. Q. B. 331; 54 L. T. 684; 34 W. E. 527 5 .Jones v. Pritchard (1868), L. E. 4 C. P. 414; 33 J. P. 118; 38 L. J. C. P. 67; 19 L. T. 563; 17 W. E. 175; 1 Hop. & C. 91 57 Keith v. Twentieth Century Club (1904), 90 L. T. 775 ... 58 Kennington (1886), 4 0. & H. 93 258 Kontr. Fittall (No. 1), (1906) 1 K. B. 60; 69 J. P. 428; 75 L. J. K. B. 310; 94 L. T. 76; 54 W. E. 225; 1 Smith Eog. 417 54, 58.. 59, 70 Lancaster (1896), 5 O. & H. 45 247 Law Exporting Council, Re (1888), 22 Q. B. D. 291 ... 35 TABLE OF CASES. XV PAGE Lichfield (1895), 5 O. & H. 28 236, 246, 259 Londonderry (1886), 4 0. & H. 96 4 M'Quade v. Charlton, (1904) 2 I. E. 383 53 Mackay v. McGhiire, (1891) 1 Q. B. 250; 55 J. P. 214; 60 L. J. Q. B. 24; 64 L. T. 83; 39 W. B. 109; 7 T. L. R. 55; Fox, 201 48 Maidstone (1906), 5 O. & H. 200 273 Middlesex (1804), Seaman's Case, 2 Peck. 118 5 Mersey Docks v. Liverpool (1873), L. R. 9 Q. B. 84; 43 L, J. M. 0. 33; 29 L. T. 454; 22 W. B. 184 31 Monks v. Dykes (1839), 4 M. & W. 567 59 Monks v. Jackson (1876), 1 0. P. D. 683; 46 L. J. 0. P. 162; 35 L. T. 95 266, 269 Morish v. Harris (1865), L. B. 1 0. P. 155; 14 W. B. 479; 12 Jur. (N. S.) 627; S. 0., sub nom. Norris v. Harris, 35 L. J. 0. P. 101; 13 L. T. 762; Hop. & Ph. 305 27 Naif v. Mutter (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. 359 11 Norwich (1886), 4 0. & H. 85 249, 252 Oakhampton (1791), 1 Eraser, 162 5 Pembroke (1901), 5 0. & H. 144 106, 107 Penryn (1869), 1 0. & H. 132 257 Phillips v. Goff (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 814; 55 L. J. Q. B. 512; 50 J. P. 614 187 Piercy v. Maclean (1870), L. B. 5 0. P. 252; 34 J. P. 311; 39 L. J. 0. P. 115; 22 T. L. B. 213; 18 W. B. 732; 1 Hop. & 0. 371 27 Pontardawe Rural District Council Election Petition, (1907) 2 K. B. 313; 76 L. J. K. B. 702; 71 J. P. 371; 23 T. L. B. 538; 5 L. G. B. 1060 197 Pontefract (1895), Day's Election Oases, 129 237 Powell v, Boraston (1865), 18 C. B. (N. S.) 175; 29 J. P. 550; 34 L. J. C. P. 73; 11 L. T. 734; 13 W. B. 465; 11 Jur. (N. S.) 160; Hop. & Ph. 179 48 Powell v. Fanner (1865), 18 C. B. (N. S.) 71; 29 J. P. 536; 34 L. J. 0. P. 71; 11 L. T. 736; 13 W. B. 467; 11 Jur. (N. S.) 162; Hop. & Ph. 172 27 XVI TABLE OF CASES. PAGE Powell v. Guest (1865), 11 C. B. (N. S.) 72; 29 J. P. 424; 34 L. J. C. P. 69; 11 L. T. 599; 13 W. E. 274; 10 Jur. (N. S.) 1238; Hop. & Ph. 149 13, 15 Pritchard v. Mayor of Bangor (1888), 13 A. C. 241; 57 L. J. Q. B. 313; 58 L, T. 502; 52 J. P. 564; 37 W. E. 103 (H. L.) 269 Eeg. v. Exeter (Mayor of), Dipstale's Case (1868), L. E. 4 Q. B. 114; 33 J. P. 39; 19 L. T. 432 11,12 Eeg. v. Exeter (Mayor of), Wescombe's Case (1868), L. E. 4 Q. B. 110; 19 L, T. 397 11, 12 Eeg. v. School Board for London (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 740... 33 Eeg. v. St. Pancras (Assessment Committee) (1877), 2 Q. B. D. 581; 46 L. J. M. 0. 243; 37 L. T. 126; 25 W. E. 827 26 Eeg. v, Southampton Docks (1851), 17 Q. B. 83; 20 L. J. M. 0. 155 32 Eendlesham (Lord) v. Haward (1873), L. E. 9 C. P. 252; 43 L. J. C. P. 33; 22 W. E. 157; 2 Hop. & C. 175; S.C., sub nom. Eendlesham (Lord) v. Tabor, 29 L. T. 679 5 Eex v. The Inhabitants of St. Nicholas (1833), 5 B. & Ad. 226 25 Eochester (1892), 4 0. & H. 158 259, 272, 277 Eochester (1892), Day's Election Oases, 102 -. 24O Eogers v. Harvey (1858), 5 C. B. N. S. 3; 28 L. J. C. P. 17; 32 L. T. (O. S.) 106; 7 W. E. 17; 5 Jur. (N. S.) 199; K. & G. 169 47 St. George's (1895), 5 O. & H. 114 255 Smith v. Anderson (1880), 15 C. D. 247; 50 L, J. Ch. 39; 43 L. T. 329; 29 W. E. 21 34, 36 Spittal v. Brook (1887), 18 Q. B. D. 426; 56 L. J. Q. B. 48; 35 W. E. 520; Scott Pox, 22 56 Stepney (Borough) (1892), Day's Election Cases, 119 240, 257, 261 Stepney Division (1886), 4 O. & H. 33 188, 189, 192, 193, 195, 238, 263 Stowe v. Joliffe (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 734; 43 L. J. C. P. 265; 30 L. T. 795; 22 W. E. 911 4, 5, 104 Strachan v. Binnie (1888), 15 Ct. of Sess. Cas. 308 28, 46 Stribling v. Halse (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 246; 55 L. J. Q. B. 15; 54 L. T. 568; Colt. 409 53 TABLE OF CASES. XVII PAGE Tanner i>. Carter (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 231; 55 L. J. Q. B. 27; 53 I/. T. 663; 34WJE. 41; Oolt. 435 13 Taylor v. Oaldwell (1863), 3^ B. & S. 826 58 Taylor v. Overseers of St. Mary Abbotts, Kensington (1870), L. E. 6 C. P. 309; 35 J. P. 39; 40 L, J. C. P. 45; 23 L. T. 493; 19 W. E. 100; 1 Hop. & C. 421 14 Thompson t>. Ward (1871), L. E. 6 0. P. 327; 35 J. P. 582; 40 L. J. C. P. 169; 24 L. T. 679; 1 Hop. & C. 530 ...50, 51 Walsall (1892), 4 O. & H. 125 246, 248 Watkins v. Milton, &c. Overseers (1868), L. E. 3 Q. B. 356; 37 L. J. M. C. 73; 18 L. T. 601; 16 W. E. 1059... 58 Watson v. Cotton (1847), 5 C. B. 51; 17 L. J. C. P. 68; 11 Jur. 1106; 2 Lut. E. 0. 53 27 West Bromwich (1911), 6 O. & H. 256 198, 199, 2OO Whithorn v. Thomas (1844), 14 L. J. C. P. 38; 7 M. & G. 1; 8 Sco. N. E, 783; 8 Jur. 1008; 1 Lut. E. C. 125; Bar. & Arn. 259 11, 12, 16 Wigtown (1874), 2 O. & H. 215 183, 185, 188, 191, 195, 198 Woodward v. Sarsons (1875), L. E. 10 0. P. 733; 44 L. J. 0. P. 293; 32 L. T. 867 184, 185, 187, 189, 190, 191, 193, 198 Worcester (1880), 3 O. & H. 184 7, 8 Wright v. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 121; 29 L. J. Q. B. 161; 6 Jur. (N. S.) 867; 8 W. E. 413 58, 59 F. ( xix ) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. A. & E. Adolphus and Ellis. A. C Law Reports, Appeal Cases. B. & Ad Barnewall & Adolphus. B. Aid Barnewall and Alderson's Reports Bench). B. & Arn Barren and Arnold. B. & Aust Barron and Austen. B. & B Broderip and Bingham. B. & C Barnewall & Cresswell. B. & P Bosanquet and Puller. B. & S Best and Smith. Beav Beavan. Bing Bingham. Bing. N. C Bingham (New Cases). . & I. P Corrupt and Illegal Practices. C. A Court of Appeal. C. C County Court. C. J Chief Justice. C. B Common Bench Reports. <3. B. (N: 8.) Common Bench Reports, New Series. C. & D Corbett and Daniell. C. M. & R Crompton, Meeson, and Roseoe. C. & P Carrington & Payne. 0. & B Cockburn and Rowe's Election Cases, 1833. C. P. D The Law Reports, Common Pleas Division. Clerk, El Clerk on Elections and Election Committees Ct. of Sess Court of Session Cases. Dalton Dalton's Office of Sheriff (2nd ed.), 1700. Day's E. C Day's Election Cases. Dougl Douglas. E. Ac B Ellis and Blackburn. Ex. D The Law Reports, Exchequer Division. Falc. & F Falconer and Fitzherbert. Fras Fraser. Olanv Glauville. h 2 XX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Hansard ' Parliamentary Debates. Hop. & C ........... Hop wood and Coltman's Registration H. L ............... House of Lords. H. L. C ........... Clarke's House of Lords Cases. Heyw. Bo ........... Hey wood on Borough Elections, 1797. Heyw. Co ........... Heywood on County Elections (2nd ed.), 1812 . Hob ............... Hobart's Reports, temp. Elizabeth and James I. Hawk. P. C ......... Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown. Ir. C. L. R ......... Irish Common Law Reports. Ir. L. R. (N. S.) .... Irish Law Reports, New Series. J ................... Justice. J. P ............... Justice of the Peace. Journ ............... Journals of the House of Commons. Judg ............... Judgments of the Election Judges, reported and printed by order of House of Commons. See Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868, s. 24. Jur ................. Jurist Reports, 183754. K. B ............... King's Bench. K. B. D ........... The Law Reports, King's Bench Division. K. & G ............. Keane and Grant. K. & O ............. Knapp and Ombler's Election Cases, 18345. L. & S ............. Lacey & Smith. L. JJ ............... Lords Justices. L. J., Ch ........... Law Journal Reports, Chancery. L. J., C. P. . . ^ ..... Law Journal Reports, Common Pleas. L. J., M. C ......... Law Journal Reports, Magistrates' Cases. L. J., K. B ......... Law Journal Reports, King's Bench. L. J., Q. B ......... Law Journal Reports, Queen's Bench. L. R., C. P ......... The Law Reports, Common Pleas. L. R. , Ex. , ........ The Law Reports, Exchequer. L. R., H. L ......... The Law Reports, House of Lords. L. R., Q. B ......... The Law Reports, Queen's Bench. L. R., K. B ......... The Law Reports, King's Bench. L. T ............... Law Times. L. T. Jo ..... , ..... Law Times Journal. Lev ..... , ......... Levinz. Lud. .............. Luder's Election Cases, 1784 7. M. & S ............. Maule & Selwyn. M. & W ........... Meeson and Welsby. Male .............. Male on Elections. May's Parl. Pract. . . May's Parliamentary Practice. M. C. A ........... The Municipal Corporations Act, 1882. Min ............... Minutes of Evidence taken by shorthand writers before Election Committees, but not printed. Mod ............... Modern (King's Bench) Reports, 16691732. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXI O. & H O'Malley and Hardeastle'a Reports of Election Petitions. Orme Orme on Elections. P. P Parliamentary Papers. P. & K Perry and Knapp's Election Cases. P., R., & D Power, Rodwell, and Dew's Election Cases. Peck Peckwell's Election Cases. Phill Phillips' Election Cases. Plowd Plowden. Print. Min Minutes of Evidence taken by shorthand writers before Election Committees, and printed by order of the House of Commons. Q. B Queen's Bench Reports. Q. B. D The Law Reports, Queen Bench Division. R Rettie's Court of Session Cases. R. S. C Rules of the Supi'eme Court. Roe Roe on Elections. 8. C Same Case. Sch Schedule. Sim Simeon on Elections, 1789. Steph. Law of El. ... Stephens' Law of Elections, 1840. Str Strange. T. R Term Reports. T. L. R Times Law Reports. Ves Vesey. Ves., jun Vesey junior. W. N Law Reports, Weekly Notes. W. R Weekly Reporter. W. & Br Wolferstan and Bristowe's Election Cases. W.&D Wolferstan and Dew's Election Cases. Whitelocke Whitelocke on the King's Writ for choosing members to serve in Parliament, sometimes called Whitelocke on Government, 1766. Wight Wight on Scotch Parliaments and Elections. ( xxiii ) INTRODUCTION. THIS Act, which consists of forty-seven sections and nine Schedules, is the third Reform Act since the passing of the Reform Act, 1832, the other Acts being those of 1867 and 1884. The present Act is much more comprehensive, and introduces greater changes than any of its predecessors. It deals with the Parliamentary and local government franchise, registration, method and costs of election, and redistribution. In order to realise how large a measure of enfranchisement is given by the present Act as compared with former Acts, the following facts may be pointed out. Before 1832 there were less than 500,000 parliamentary electors, and the Reform Act of 1832 only added 500,000 more, so that the total number of electors in 1832 was less than 1,000,000 out of a population of about 24,000,000. The Reform Act of 1867 added about 1,500,000 electors, making a total of 2,500,000 electors out of a population as it then was of about 30,000,000. The Act of 1884 added some 3,000,000 electors, making a total of X XIV INTRODUCTION. o,500,000 on the register out of a population which was then 34,000,000. According to the Home Office Return for 1915, the electorate was 8,357,000 out of a population of 43,500,000. Under the present Act at least 3,000,000 men and 6,000,000 women will, it is estimated, be added to the register as parliamentary electors. From a historical point of view the present Act owes its origin to the fact that it was universally recognised that the electors of members to serve in the future Parliament which would have to deal with questions of reconstruction after the War, must include those who had fought for their country in the War. An attempt was made to attain this object by a separate Bill, but it was found impracticable to introduce changes of this kind without dealing generally with the subject of the franchise. His Majesty's Government accordingly invited the Speaker of the House of Commons to select a number of members of the House of Commons, representa- tive of all shades of opinion, to draft recommenda- tions which might form the basis of a Bill dealing with the whole subject of the representation of the people. In pursuance of this request the Speaker held a Conference which issued a Report* containing various recommendations, the great majority of which were unanimous. Although, * For this Report, see Appendix V., pp. 737746, infra. INTRODUCTION. XXV in consequence of the Amendments which were adopted in the course of its passage through Par- liament, the present Act differs in several points from the recommendations contained in the Report of the Speaker's Conference, it is in substance based upon it. The most sweeping change which the Act introduces is the admission of women to the Parliamentary franchise, whilst the difficult ques- tion of the enfranchisement of soldiers, sailors, and others serving in connection with the War, is solved by giving them the franchise for the 'Constituency in which but for their service in connection with the War they would have been entitled to vote, or, as an alternative, for the constituency (if any) in which they happen to have an actual qualification. The present Act sweeps away all the qualifi- cations for the franchise which previously existed; it repeals no less than fifty statutes and modifies fifty-seven others. Under the previously existing law there were seven alternative qualifications for the Parlia- mentary franchise : (1) The household qualification, by far the most important, which dated, as regards boroughs, from 1867, and as regards counties from 1884; XXVI INTRODUCTION. (2) the qualification in respect of occupation of land or tenements of the value of !()/.; (3) the 50/. rental qualification as modified by the Act of 1884; this qualification was rapidly dying out ; (4) the lodgers' qualification ; (5) the service qualification ; (6) the ownership voters' qualification. It is worth noting, as a matter of historical interest, that amongst these voters was the 40*. freeholder, who survived three Reform Acts and who dated back to the reign of Henry VI. ; (7) the university qualification. In place of these seven franchises, the present Act substitutes, as regards men, three alternative qualifications only : (1) the residence qualification; which in- cludes the householders, the lodgers, and the service voters, and also many residents who were not in any existing class of voters. There is no require- ment for tne qualifying premises under this head to be of any minimum yearly value, nor for rating or payment of rates ; (2) the business premises qualification, which INTKODUCilON. XXV11 involves the occupation for the purposes of business, trade, or profession, of land or premises of the annual value of not less than 10/. ; ('|) the university qualification, which is en- larged by the inclusion of ail those who have taken degrees (other than honorary degrees) at a university. Not only are the franchises different to those previously in existence, but the period of qualifi- cation has been shortened from one year to six months ; there being two qualifying periods during the year -one ending on loth January, the other on loth July. During these six months, electors must have been resident, or occupying land or premises, either in the constituency or in any constituency in the same Parliamentary borough or county or in a contiguous borough or county, so that it will be 'seen that successive occupation in a largely extended form will be permitted. As regards the Parliamentary franchise for women, the Act confers this only on women who have attained the age of 30. In constituencies other than university constituencies there are two alternative qualifications which are as follows : (1) the woman must be entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of the occupation of a dwelling-house XXV 111 INTRODUCTION. (irrespective of value) or of land or pre- mises (other than a dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not leas than 5/. ; or (2) she must be the wife of a man who is entitled to be so registered. The university franchise is conferred on all women of the requisite age who have obtained a degree, or, at Oxford or Cambridge, have passed the final examination and kept the necessary residence. As was pointed out above, it is estimated that the women's franchise will add to the register of parliamentary electors at least 6,000,000 voters, of whom about 5,000,000 will come on the register by virtue of their husbands' qualification. As regards the local government franchise, under the previously existing law the qualification to vote for county and borough councils outside London was substantially a pure occupation fran- chise, and differed from the qualification for London county and borough councils and for district and parish councils, where there was not only the occupation qualification but also the qualification of owners and lodgers. Under the present Act there is a uniform occupation fran- chise for all local government electors, including in the term u occupation " lodgers in a room or rooms let to them in an unfurnished state. The local government franchise is conferred on women INTRODUCTION. XXIX at the same age (21) and on equal terms with men, with the addition that a woman may be registered and vote by virtue of her husband's qualification in respect of premises in which they both reside if she has attained the age of thirty years. It is estimated that the present Act will add about 5,000,000 women to the register of local government electors. Turning to the subject of registration, the Act adopts a course which has often been recom- mended, viz., a system of official registration, and throws upon the appointed officers the obligation of making up the registers (of which there are two in every year) and keeping them complete. The office of revising barrister is abolished, and the consideration of claims and objections is entrusted to the registration officer himself with the right of an appeal from his decision to the County Court t and from the County Court, on questions of law alone, to the Court of Appeal. With regard to methods of election, the much discussed principle of Proportional Representation together with that of the alternative vote, both of which the Speaker's Conference recommended, did not find much favour with the House of Com- mons. The alternative vote has been entirely rejected and Proportional Representation has been retained only as regards university constituencies. An important innovation is made by the pro- XXX INTRODUCTION. visions allowing, in certain cases, votes to be given by post by absent voters, and also voting by proxy. At a General Election polls are all to be taken on one day, and plural voting has been further greatly curtailed since no elector may under any circumstances give more than two votes at such an election. The returning officers' expenses are to be paid by the State. A candidate is to make a deposit which shall be returned to him if he has polled not less than one-eighth of the votes. The scale of election expenses is reduced, and certain expenditure by unauthorised persons is prohibited. The present Act carries out a great scheme of Redistribution. Following the recommendation of the Speaker's Conference it has been sought to make each vote command as far as possible an equal share of representation in the House of Commons. The standard unit of population represented by one member of the House of Commons has been taken at 70,000, although boroughs with not less than 50,000 inhabitants keep their separate representation. Forty-four boroughs have lost their separate representation, including ancient boroughs such as Canterbury, Windsor, Chester, Durham, Win- chester, Shrewsbury and Lichfield, but the INTRODUCTION. XXXI representation of the boroughs as a whole is increased by thirty-six members. On the other hand the counties lose five members whilst the universities gain six. Ireland is not included in the Redistribution Scheme under the present Act, but Redistribution there is dealt with by the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act, 1918. The effect of the two Acts is to increase the membership of the House of Commons by thirty - fleven members ; thirty-one of these representing English, two Scottish, two Welsh, and two Irish constituencies. The total number of members of the House of Commons will in future Parlia- ments be 707. N.B. In the Notes to the Sections, when the actual words of the sections commented on are quoted for the first time, they are printed in heavy type. ADDEND U M. REGISTRATION DATES. SINCE going to press the following Order dated 10th July, 1918 (R. P. 39), altering certain registration dates (see pp. 128 129, 748, 749, 750, 752) in connection with the first register under the Act has been made by the Local Government Board: "Whereas by sub-section (3) of Section 46 of the Representa- tion of the People Act, 1918 (herein-after referred to as 'the Act'), it is provided that if any difficulty arises as to the preparation of the First Register to be prepared under the Act (herein-after referred to as 'the First Register'), We, the Local Government Board, may by Order do any mattsr or thing which appears- to Us necessary for the proper preparation of the First Register; And whereas by virtue of an Order in Council dated the 4th day of June, 1918 (a), and made under the powers conferred by the Act the documents mentioned in Schedule A to this Order are, as respects the First Register, to be kept published in England and Wales until the dates specified in the second column of that Schedule and in connection with the First Register the registra- tion dates referred to in Schedule B to this Order are the dates specified in the second column of that Schedule; And whereas difficulties have arisen in connection with the preparation of the First Register, and it appears to Us necessary for the proper preparation of the First Register that the above- mentioned dates should be altered: Now therefore, in pursuance of Our powers in that behalf, We, by this Our Order, Direct as follows: ARTICLE I. The dates specified in the third column of Schedules A and B to this Order shall be respectively substituted for the dates specified in the second column of those schedules, and the above cited Order in Council shall be read and have effect accordingly. ARTICLE II. This Order may be cited as the First Register (Alteration of Dates) Order, 1918." (a) See Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, First Schedule, p. 750, also rule 6 and Fifth Schedule, set out on pp. 128129, and on pp. 749, 752. ADDENDUM. SCHEDULE A. PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS. Nature of Document. Date specified in Order in Council . Electors Lists (First Schedule, Rule 6) . . . Notice as to mode of making claims and objections (First Schedule, Rule 6). Corrupt and Illegal Practices Lists (Fir.st Schedule, Rule 8). List of Claimants (First Schedule, Rule 11). List of persons to whose registration notice of objection has been given (First Schedule, Rule 14). 18th July. 1st August. 18th July. 1st August. 1st August. Subs, ituted Date. 26th July. 9th August. 26th July. 9th August. 9th August. SCHEDULE B. REGISTEATION DATES. Subject-matter. Date specified in Order in Council. Substituted Date. Last day for objections to electors lists .... Last day for claims . 10th July. 17th July. 18th July. 25th July. Last day for claims as absent voters 31st July. 8th August. Publication of list of objections to electors lists. Publication of list of claimants 19th July. 25th July. 27th July. 2nd August. Last day for objections to claimants Pu-blication of list of objections to claimants (as soon as practicable after). 31st July. 31st July. 8th August. 8th August. In consequence of the alteration of some of the dates referred to in Schedule B above, the following County Court Rule, amending paragraph 3 of Rule 9 of the County Court (Registration Appeals) Rules, 1918 (set out on p. 640), has been made: " The words ' the ninth and the twenty-eighth days of September ' shall be substituted for the words ' the second and the twenty-first days tff September ' in paragraph 3 of Rule 9 of the County Court (Registration Appeals) Rules, 1918." REPRESENTATION OF ACT, 1918. (8 GEO. V. c. 64.) An Act to amend the Law with respect to Parliamentary and Local Government Fran- chises, and the Registration of Parliamentary and Local Government Electors, and the Conduct of elections, and to provide for the Redistribution of Seals at Parliamentary Elections, and for other purposes connected therewith. BE it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assem- bled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : PART I. [Sections 1 10.] FRANCHISES. 1. (1) A man shall be entitled to be sect, i. registered as a parliamentary elector for a constituency (other than a university con- stituency) 1 if he is of full age 2 and not subject to any legal incapacity 3 and (a) has the requisite residence qualifica- tion 4 ; or 1 See p. 3, footnote (), infra. '* See p. 4, infra. 3 See pp. 48, infra. 4 See pp. 924, infra. F 1 OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. requisite business premises qualification. 5 (2) A man, in order to have the requisite residence qualification or business premises qualification for a constituency (a) must on the last day of the qualifying period be residing in premises in the constituency, 6 or occupying business premises in the constitu- ency, 7 as the case may be ; and (b) must during the whole of the quali- fying period have resided in pre- mises, 8 or occupied business pre- mises, 9 as the case may be, in the constituency, or in another con- stituency within the same parlia- mentary borough 10 or parliamentary county, 11 or within a parliamentary borough or parliamentary county contiguous to that borough or county, or separated from that borough or county by water, not exceeding at the nearest point six miles in breadth, measured in the case of tidal water from low-water mark. * See pp. 2437, infra. ami Ninth Sched., pp. 404481, 8 See pp. 9 16, infra. infra. 7 See pp. 2437, infra. u See sect. 37 (2), p. 282, infra, * See pp. 924, infra. and Ninth Sched., pp. 482554, 8 See pp. 2437, infra-. infra. 10 See sect. 37 (1), p. 282, infra, SECTION 1. For the purposes of this subsection the sect. i. administrative county of London shall be treated as a parliamentary borough. (3) The expression "business premises" in this section means land or other premises of the yearly value of not less than ten pounds occupied for the purpose of the busi- ness, profession, or trade of the person to be registered. 12 NOTE. Sect. 1 set out above states the con- ditions which must be fulfilled in order to entitle a male person to be registered as a parliamentary elector for a constituency (other than a uni- versity constituency) (). These conditions are : (1) He must be of full age ; (2) He must not be subject to any legal in- capacity ; (3) He must have (a) the requisite residence quali- fication or (b) the requisite business pre- mises qualification. 12 See pp. 2837, infra. (a) As to registration for parliamentary purposes, see Part II. Registration, sects. 11 19 of the Act, pp. 125155, infra. The words parliamentary elector for a constituency (other than a university constituency) in sect. 1 (1) mean a person who is entitled to vote at an election of a member of the House of Commons for any constituency other than a university constituency, i.e., for any county, borough, or combination of places returning a member to serve in Parliament, and, where a county or borough is divided for the purpose of parliamentary elections, a division of the county or borough so divided. See sect. 41 (1), p. 305, infra. 1 (2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. i. (1) He must be of full age, -Full ago is by the Common Law the age of 21 years, and such age is attained on the da}' preceding the 21st anni- versary of a person's birth (b). By sect. 41 (7) of the Act(tf) "for the purposes of registration a person's age shall be taken to be that person's age on the last day of the qualifying period " (d\ i.e. on January 15th or on July 15th according to which of the two registers he is placed upon(is with a common staircase under one roof, as there possibly can be. . . ." In the same case, Williams, J., said (q) : "I am of the same opinion. We are bound to abide by the opinion which we expressed in Cook v. Number (r), that part of a building may confer the franchise if there be an entirely independent (p) (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. 73. (g) (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at p, 63. (r) (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. 73. 2(2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect, i. occupation of it, and it be actually severed from the rest of the building, so as to form, in fact, a separate house. It is impossible to deny that there is difficulty in saying precisely in what a separate house consists. It is admitted, however, that if a building be divided into what are com- monly called chambers, these are actually severed. Nor does it seem to me that it would necessarily be otherwise, if there was a door which separated all the chambers from the street, and which might be closed if the inmates were so minded. . . ." Keating, J. ? said (s) : " The cases necessarily run very close to each other. But looking to the facts as found in this case, I come to the conclu- sion, without difficulty, that this voter was the tenant of a house within the meaning of the statute, as explained in Cook v. Humber. There was no other door between him and the street except that leading on to the staircase ; for the mere flap without a fastening cannot be considered as a door for the purpose which we are now considering." It appears from the above judgments that structural severance is necessary in order that premises should be a " house" within the meaning of sect. 27 of the Eeform Act, 1832, and by analogy within the meaning of sect. 7 (2) of the present Act. The applicability of this view of the meaning of the word " house" to the present Act is strengthened by the fact that elsewhere in sect. 1 () (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at p. 63. MEANING OF " HOUSE." 21 the word " premises" is used to describe the Sect. i. subject of residence and occupation, so that if the Legislature had intended that the provision now under discussion should apply to all kinds of premises in which a man resides, the word "premises" would have been used instead of the word " house." It may be well to point out that the word " dwelling-house," which occurs in sect. 3 of the Representation of the People Act, 1867, was defined by sect. 61 of that Act, and that the word "house" was defined in sect. 5 (t) of the Parliamentary and Municipal Registration Act, 1878, and sect. 31 (a) of the Municipal Corpora- tions Act, 1882. The interpretation placed by the Courts on the words " dwelling-house " and "house" in the Acts just mentioned depended largely on the express words of the definitions in those Acts, and it is therefore submitted that the cases (u) in which the words in question in those Acts were interpreted throw no light upon the meaning of the word "house" in the present Act. These definitions expressly include in the meaning given to the words "house" and "dwelling-house" premises other than those included in the word "house" as interpreted in the judgments in Cook (i) Repealed by the present Act, s. 47 (1), and Eighth Schedule. See p. 397, infra. For this definition, see p. 50, infra. (u) Thompson v. Ward, Ellis v. Burch (1871), L. B. 6 C. P. 327 ; Boon v. Howard (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 277; Allchurch v. Hendon Union, (1891) 2 Q. B. 436 (C. A.). 22 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. i. v. Humber (v) and Henrettev. Booth (%}, but it is submitted that these judgments supply the true test of the meaning of the word " house " in the present Act by reason of the fact that the judges were there construing the word in an Act which like the present contained no definition of " house." It should also be noticed that sect. 41 (8) of the present Act follows the Act of 1867 in expressly including in the meaning of the word " dwelling-house " " any part of a house where that part is occupied separately as a dwell- ing-house." The fact that the Acts referred to above contained definitions of the words " house " and " dwelling-house " and that the present Act- deals expressly with the meaning of the word " dwelling-house " whilst leaving the word " house " undefined, is a strong argument against the applicability of these definitions to the word " house" in the present Act, and in favour of the meaning given to the word in the judgments mentioned above. There would appear to be no necessity for the four months referred to in sect. 7 (2), set out on p. 16, supra, to be four consecutive months. It should also be observed that the period of letting may be more than four months in the whole without disfranchising the elector, provided that such period is in two and not one qualifying period. Further, not only is the residence of a lessor (v] (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. 73. (x) (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. 61. SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE. 23 deemed to be unbroken during the time his house Sect. l. is let, but it is clear that the tenant may also obtain the benefit of his residence towards his qualification for the franchise during such time as he resides in the house of which he is tenant. The provision in sect. 7 (2) set out on p. 16, supra, in so far as it deals with notice to quit, is unnecessary in the case of residence. As to the meaning of the word premises in relation to the residence qualification, the Act contains no definition, and indeed the words in premises in sect. 1 (2) (a) appear to be surplusage. Provided that a man resides in the constituency, it is immaterial what is the nature or value of the premises in which he resides. It should also be remembered in this connection that a man may during the course of a qualifying period move in immediate succession from one set of premises to another in the constituency (y\ or a neighbouring constituency as described in sect. 2 (b), without losing his qualification, pro- vided that he does not cease to reside. This materially extends the meaning of what was formerly known, in relation to the occupation franchise, as " successive occupation." Thus, bearing in mind that the administrative county of London is, for the purposes of sect. 1 (2), to be treated as a parliamentary borough, a man may move his residence in London freely during the qualifying period in any constituency in London. (*/) As to the meaning of the word "constituency," see p. 3, footnote (), supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect, i. He may also move, e.g., into any constituency within the parliamentary counties of Essex or Kent, as such parliamentary counties at some point touch the boundaries of the administrative county of London. As to the manner in which a t i naval or military voter " can obtain the residence qualification, see sect. 5, pp. 7679, and pp. 8690, 9193, infra. (b) The requisite business premises qualifica- tion. In order to have this qualification a man (i) must on the last day of the qualifying period be occupying business premises in the constituency (, and (ii) must during the whole of the qualifying period have occupied business premises in the constituency or in another constituency within the same parlia- mentary borough or parliamentary county or within a parliamentary borough or parlia- mentary county contiguous to that borough or county or separated from that borough or county by water, not exceeding at the nearest point six miles in breadth measured in the case of tidal water from low-water mark. For this purpose the administrative county of London shall be treated as a parliamentary borough (2). As to the meaning of the words on the last day of the qualifying period, see pp. 9, 10, supra. (y] As to the meaning of the word "constituency," see p. 3, footnote (it), supra. (z) See sect. 1 (2), (b), set out on p. 2, supra. MEANING OF OCCUPATION. It should be noticed that in the case of the Sect. i. business premises qualification the requirements of sect. 1 (2) (a) are satisfied by occupation on the last day of the qualifying period, even in the case of successive occupation, without any addi- tional period such as is required in the case of the residence qualification (a). In the case of the business premises qualifica- tion, as in that of the residence qualification, there is no necessity for the land or premises occupied to be the same during the whole of the qualifying period, provided such land or premises are occupied in immediate succession and are within the requisite limits (aa). The meaning of the words occupying in sect. 1 (2) (a) and occupied in sect. 1 (2) (b), like the meaning of " residence," raises difficulties. In Cook v. Humber(b), Erie, C.J., in considering the meaning of occupation in relation to sect. 27 of the Reform Act, 1832, defined " occupation " as " actual exercise of the rights of the owner in possession during the requisite time." This is apparently the only judicial definition of the word u occupation " in relation to the par- liamentary franchise. Although it may perhaps be doubted ( in Dover v. Prosser (11), Alverstone, C.J., in Sect - 3 * dealing with the meaning of similar words in sect. 3 of the Representation of the People Act, 1884, said : " The governing test in cases of this sort is whether or not the occupier of the pre- mises in respect of which the claim is made is required to occupy them either by the express terms of his employment or by the nature of his duties. If he is merely permitted but not obliged to occupy the premises so long as he performs certain duties that is not an occupation by virtue of any office service or employment." (3) It is a condition required by proviso (i) that the dwelling-house is not inhabited by the person in whose service he is in such office service or employment. The words of proviso (i), although similar to, are not identical with, the words of sect. 3 of the Representation of the People Act, 1884. The corresponding words in sect. 3 of the latter Act are "the dwelling-house is not inhabited by any person under whom such man serves in such office service or employment." The words used in proviso (i) set out above remove the difficulties which arose under sect. 3 of the Act of 1884 in determining in certain cases whether a dwelling- house was inhabited by any person " under whom " the person claiming to be registered served. The words " a person in whose service (a) (1904) 1 K. B. at p. 85 ; see also the cases referred to in this case, also Aitchi*on v. Lothian (1890), 18 Ct. of Sess. Gas. (4th Series) 337. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. s. ne is " used in proviso (i) can refer only to the immediate employer of the person claiming to be registered. It should be noticed that absence on military service would debar a man from obtaining the local government franchise under sect. 3, pro- viso (i) of the present Act, notwithstanding that his family resided in the dwelling-house during his absence. Thus, in the case of Spittall v. Brook (v), decided under the Representation of the People Act, 1884, s. 3 (the language of which, as pointed out above, was similar to that of proviso (i) now under discussion), it was held that a non-commis- sioned officer, who resided with his family in bar- racks, but during twenty-seven days of the quali- fying year was compulsorily absent from the constituency, was not entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector, notwithstanding that his rooms were occupied during his absence by his furniture and his family. Sect. 7 (1) of the present Act provides that: " Where land or premises are in the joint occu-* pation of two or more persons, each of the joint occupiers shall, for the purposes of this Part (x) of this Act, be treated as occupying the premises, subject as follows: . . . (c) Not more than two joint occupiers shall be entitled to be registered (v} (1886), 18 Q. B. D. 426. See also Ford v. Barnes (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 254; Donoghue v. Brook (1887), 57 L. J. Q. B. 122; Duffy v. Chambers, Ferguson v. Black (1889), 26 L. R. Ir. 100. (aj) I.e., Parti., sects. 110. LODGERS. -57 in respect of the same land or premises, unless sect. 8. they are bona fide engaged as partners carrying on their profession, trade or business on the land or premises." The meaning of the words " joint occupation " in sect. 7(1) presents no difficulties, but it must be remembered that each of the joint owners or tenants in order to be entitled to be registered must fulfil the conditions of " occupation," which are dealt with on pp. 43 45 and 25 27, supra, and further, not more than two persons can be registered as joint occupiers unless they fulfil the condition mentioned in sect. 7 (1) set out above. As, however, there may be constructive occu- pation (y\ the occupation of one of several joint owners or tenants on his own behalf and on behalf of the other joint owners or tenants would entitle all of them to be placed upon the re- gister^). This, however, is not so if the occu- pation of the joint occupier or occupiers on behalf of the others is based on an illegal contract, as. for instance, a partnership of more than 20 persons (a). As to the second meaning (b) given by sect. 3 to the word u tenant," i.e., the meaning given by proviso (ii) in that section, such proviso states that the word tenant (in sect. 3) shall include a person who occupies a room or rooms as a {#) See pp. 44, 45, and p. 26, (z) Jones v. Pritchard (1891), 1 Pox & Smith, 259. (a) Harris v. Amery (1865), 35 L. J. C. P. 89. (?>) As to the first meaning, SPG pp. 43, 44, and 25 27, REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. lodger only where such room or rooms are let td him in an unfurnished state. Accord- ingly, a lodger who occupies a room or room& in the local government electoral area let to him in an unfurnished state is to be deemed a tenant and is entitled to be registered as a local govern- ment elector for such area. The chief difference between a tenant and a lodger is that the latter is entitled to live in his lodgings by reason of a purely personal contract between himself and his landlord, and has no estate, legal or equitable, in the -premises in which he lodges (c). If the landlord retains a general control and dominion over the premises, including the part inhabited by the person in question, that person is a lodger (d). On the other hand, a tenant has some estate or interest carved out of the estate or interest of his landlord (e). He has exclusive possession (in the legal sense) of the premises (/), and, if wrongfully dispossessed, can recover possession by law, whereas if the personal contract between a lodger and his landlord is broken, and the lodger turned out, his only remedy at law is in damages (g). The occupier does not necessarily cease to be a tenant merely (c) See AucketiU v. Jlaylis (1882), 10 Q. B. D. at p. 587. (d) Watkins v. Milton, &c. Overseers (1868), L. E. 3 Q. B. at pp. 356, 357 ; Allan v. Liverpool, Intnan v. KirlcdaU (1874), L. E. 9 Q. B. at pp. 191, 192; Cory v. Dristow (1877), 2 App. Gas. at p. 276; Kent v. Fittall, (1906) 1 K. B. 60 (C. A.). (e) Keith v. Twentieth Century Club (1904), 90 L. T. 775. (/) Taylor v. Caldwell (1863), 3 B. & S. 826, 832. (.'/) Wright v. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 721. " OCCUPATION " BY LODGER. 59 because the landlord resides on the premises and Sect - 8 retains control of the passages and staircases and other parts used in common (h). It should be noticed that the meaning of the word " occupy ing" when used of a lodger must of necessity bear a different meaning from that which it bears in sect. 1 of the Act(/) and in sect. 3 when used of an owner or tenant (/). A lodger does not (since his occupation depends, as pointed out above, merely on a personal contract with his landlord) fulfil the conditions of occupa- tion in the strict sense of the word, i.e. " the actual exercise of the rights of the owner in posses- sion " (&) ; e.g. a lodger has no legal remedy against a person who merely enters his lodging and dis- turbs his privacy (/), nor can a lodger eject a trespasser with impunity (m). Moreover, the land- lord maintains under the contract between him and his lodger a general right of control over the lodging. In what sense, then, is the word " occupying " used in connection with a lodger? In this connection the word bears its untech- nical meaning and denotes the exercise by the lodger of his rights under his contract with his landlord. Its meaning resembles that of " re- sidence " (n), the residence, of course, being in (A) Kent v. Fittall, supra; but see Douglaa v. Smith, (1907) 1 K. B. 126 ; (1907) 2 K. B. 568 (C. A.). (*') See pp. 2527, supra. (/) See pp. 4345, supra, (k) Cook v. Number (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. at p. 75. (/) Wright T. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 721. (i) Monk$ v. Dyke* (1839), 4 M. & W. 567. (n) See pp. 11 15, mpr'}>m. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 3. man who moves from premises outside a municipal borough to premises within the borough will not lose his local government vote provided that both sets of premises are ^within one administrative county. If, however, the subject-matter of the occupation changes during the qualifying period, no interval of time must elapse between the cessation of occupation in one place and the beginning of occupation in another, as the occu- pation must be " during the whole of the quali- fying period. " On the other hand it should be remembered that the physical presence of the occupier is not necessary (#), so that, taking the case of a tenant as an illustration, the lease of the tenant of a flat might end during the course of the qualifying period, and the tenant might, just before the expiration of the lease, become tenant of a flat in the local government electoral area, but before beginning to live in the other flat he might go away for a month's holiday. In such a case the " occupation " would be unbroken. 'There is nothing in sect. 3 to prevent the registration as a local government elector of a man, part of whose qualification during a single qualifying period was obtained by virtue of his occupation as a lodger in rooms let to him un- furnished, and part by virtue of his occupation as owner or tenant (properly so called) of land or premises. If that area is not an administrative county or a county borough, in any administrative (2) See pp. 44, 45, supra. WOMEN'S FRANCHISES. Bounty or county borough in which the area Sect, a is wholly or partly situate. See observations under preceding heading, Land or premises in the local government electoral area. In England " an administrative county" means the area for which a county council is elected in pursuance of the Local Government Act, 1888, but does not include a county borough (a), and the only county boroughs are thdse mentioned in the 3rd schedule to the same Act(#). In Ireland the expression " administrative county " has a meaning similar to that which it has in England (4 KEPKE8ENTAT10N OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 4. (c) is entitled to be registered us a local government elector in respect of the occupation in that constitu- ency of land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not less than five pounds or of a dwelling-house, or is the wife of a husband entitled to be so registered. 4 (2) A woman shall be entitled to be regis- tered as a parliamentary elector for a uni- versity constituency 5 if she has attained the age of thirty years 6 and either would be entitled to be so registered if she were a man, or has been admitted to and passed the final examination, and kept under the con- ditions required of women by the university the period of residence, necessary for a man to obtain a degree at any university forming, or forming part of, a university constituency which did not at the time the examination was passed admit women to degrees. 7 (3) A woman shall be entitled to be regis- tered as a local government elector for any local government electoral area s (a) where she would be entitled to be so registered if she were a man 9 ; and 4 See pp. 68 72, infra. 8 See p. 41, footnotes (m) and 3 See p. 38, supra. (w). supra. 6 See pp. 67 and 75, infra. See pp. 73, 74, infr.a. '' See p. 73, i-nfw. WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. 65 (b) where she is the wife of a man who is sect. 4. entitled to be so registered in re- spect of premises in which they both reside, and she has attained the age of thirty years and is not subject to any legal incapacity. 10 For the purpose of this provision, a naval or military voter who is registered in respect of a residence qualification which he would have had but for his service, shall be deemed to be resident in accor- dance with the qualification. 11 NOTE. Sect. 4 lays down the conditions which must be fulfilled in order to entitle a woman to be registered as a parliamentary elector and as a local government elector. These conditions as regards the right to registration as a parlia- mentary elector are : I. In the case of a constituency other than a Pariiamen- ., ... , x tary franchise university constituency (e) (women) in (I) She must have attained the age of thirty years, other than (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity, (3) She must (a) be entitled to be registered as a eucies ' local government elector in respect of the occupation in that constituency (i) of land or premises (not being a 10 See up. 75, 76, infra. u See p. 76, infra. (e) As to meaning of "constituency other than a university constituency," see footnote (a) on p. 3, supra. F. 5 tib REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Parliamen- tary franchise (women) in university constitu- Sect. 4. dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not less than five pounds or (ii) of a dwelling -house, or (b) be the wife of a husband entitled to be so registered. II. In the case of a university constituency (/) (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. (2) She must (a) fulfil the conditions which if she were a man would entitle her to be registered as a parliamentary elector for a university constituency or (b) have been admitted to and passed the final exami- nation, and kept under the conditions required of women by the university the period of residence, neces- sary for a man to obtain a degree at any university forming, or forming part of, a university constituency which did not at the time the examination was passed admit women to degrees. There are two alternative sets of conditions one or other of which must be fulfilled in order to entitle a woman to be registered as a local government elector for a local government elec- toral area. These sets of conditions are : A. (1) She must be of full age (twenty -one years). (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity. (3) She must on the last day of the qualifying period be occupying as owner or tenant -any land or premises in the local government electoral area. (4) She must during the whole of the qualifying period have occupied as owner or tenant any land or premises in the local government electoral area, or if that area is not an administrative county or a county borough, in any administrative county or county borough in which the area is wholly or partly situate. (/) As to "university constituency," see p. 38, Local government franchise (women). LEGAL INCAPACITIES (WOMEN). 67 Or B. Sect. 4. (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity. (3) She must be the wife of a man who is entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of premises in which they both reside. I. In the case of a constituency other than a Parliamen- tary franchise university constituency (women) in constituencies (1) She must have attained the age of thirty ot * university years. See p. 4, supra. The remarks there made apply equally here, with the exception that the age of thirty years must be substituted for that of twenty one years or " full age." (2) She must not be subject to any legal in- capacity. See pp. 4 8, supra. With the excep- tions mentioned below, the incapacities attaching to men would no doubt apply equally to women, but it must be remembered that certain offices which deprive a man of the status of a parlia- mentary elector have not as yet been open to or held by women. Dealing with the list of persons who are legally incapacitated, which is set out on pp. 5 7, supra, as to the first head, sect. 9 (5) of the present Act expressly declares that a peeress in her own right is not under any legal incapacity which prevents her from being registered or voting, and although there is no express provision to that effect, it is clear that a peeress by marriage would not be subject to any incapacity, as the constitutional reasons for which peers are excluded from the 5(2) 68 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sbot. 4. parliamentary franchise have no application to women (y). As to the second head (h) in such list, viz., " a person holding any one of certain offices," women are not eligible for these offices, so that this incapacity does not apply to them. As to head (3), viz., " an infant," it is clear that a woman under the age of thirty is legally inca- pacitated with respect to the parliamentary fran- chise as though she were an infant of the other sex. As to the persons included under heads (4) to (8)(/), (viz., an alien, an idiot, a lunatic who is not at the time of voting in a lucid interval, an imbecile who is not at the time of voting eompos mentis, a person convicted of treason or felony and sentenced, unless he has suffered his punish- ment T received a free pardon), the incapacities referre to would apply equally to women as to men. The same is true of all the remaining classes of persons mentioned under heads (9) to (16) on pp. 6, 7, supra. As to head (IT), conscientious objectors, who come within the provisions of sect. 9 (2) of the present Act, this class of persons can never include a woman, and it is expressly provided by sect. 9 (2) that any incapacity attaching to such conscientious objector shall not affect the rights of his wife. (3) She must (a) be entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of the occu- pation in that constituency (i) of land or pre- (g) See Chorlton v. Linys (1868), L. R. 6 C. P. 374 ; Btanchmnp (Earl] v. Madresfield (1872), L. R. 8 C. P. 24d. (h] See p. 5, supra. (t) See pp. 5, 6, 8iq.>ra. WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. mises (not being a dwelling-house) of a yearly Sect. 4. value of not less than five pounds, or (ii) of a dwelling-house, or (b) be the wife of a husband who is entitled to be so registered. It will be noticed that there is a material difference, besides that of age, between the quali- fications which confer the parliamentary franchise (in constituencies other than university constitu- encies) on a woman and those which confer it on a man. Those qualifications in the case of a man depend on residence or on the occupation of business premises (A), and are distinct from the local government franchise (I). In order to entitle a woman to the parliamentary franchise, she must be (1) qualified as a local government elector in respect of the occupation of a particular kind of premises, or (2) the wife of a man so qualified. The occupation here required is the same as that required in the case of a man by sect. 3, i.e. it must be occupation as owner or tenant or by virtue of an office service or employment or as a lodger in a room or rooms let unfurnished. As to what constitutes such occupation, see pp. 43 60, supra. In applying what is said on pp. 56, 57, 59, supra, with regard to joint occupation to the women's franchise now under consideration, it is important to notice the provisions of sect. 7 (1) (b), which are as follows: "In the case of the occupation of land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) the aggregate yearly value thereof must for the pur- (A-) See sect. 1, pp. 1 3, supra. (1} See sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, supra. 70 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 4. pose of the parliamentary franchise of women be not less than the amount produced by multiplying* five pounds by the number of joint occupiers." Further, the provisions of sect. 7(1) (c), dealt with on pp. 56, 57, 59, supra, are of course equally applicable here. The particular kind of premises must be either (1) land or premises which are not a dwelling- house (such land or premises being of a yearly value of not less than 5/.), or (2) a dwelling- house such particular kind of premises being in the constituency for which the woman is to be registered. The premises other than land just referred to under (1) can be any building or structure of whatsoever kind, or any part thereof, so long as it is capable of being occupied and is of the yearly value of 5/. As to the meaning of ''dwelling-house," see pp. 49 54, supra. It is submitted, although it is a difficult point, that the expression " dwelling-house " in sect. 4 (1) (c) does not include lodgings. As was pointed out on p. 49, supra, by sect. 41 (8) " the expression 1 dwelling-house ' includes any part of a house where that part is occupied separately as a dwell- ing-house," but a lodger does not, in the legal sense, occupy his lodgings (m). It would therefore appear, however unsatisfactory such a conclusion may be to many persons, that in order to qualify under sect. 4 ( 1 ) (c), a woman who is a lodger must have lodgings of the yearly value of not less than 5/. (m) See Kettt v. Fittall, (1906) 1 K. B. 60 (C. A.), and pp. 25, 26, 57 59, supra. WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. 71 AH to the 'meaning of "yearly value," see Sect. 4. pp. 28 33, supra. As to the alternative qualification mentioned under 3 (b) on pp. 68, 69, in order to obtain this qualification, the husband of the woman to be registered must be qualified in the same way as a woman must be under 3 (a) on p, 68, i.e.. as a local government elector in respect of the occupation in the constituency of land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not less than five pounds or of a dwelling-house. As to the qualifying period applicable to the husband where he is a "naval or military voter," see pp. 96, 97, infra. It may be pointed out that it will not in every case be necessary for the husband himself to be in actual occupation of the premises in order that his wife should obtain the local government fran- chise, provided that he fulfils the conditions of constructive occupation (). It is also clear, from the express words of the section, that for the wife to be qualified, it is not necessary for the husband to be in fact registered, it is sufficient if he is entitled to be registered. The meaning of the words in that constituency in sect. 4 (1) (c) raises a question of some difficulty. One of the requirements of the parliamentary franchise for women under sect. 4 (1) is that she must be " entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of the occupation in that constituency of land or premises . . . ." By sect. 4 (3), she "shall be entitled to be regis- (//) See pp. 44, 45, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 4. tered as a local government elector for any local government electoral area (a) where she would be entitled to be so regis- tered if she were a man ; . . . ." By sect. 3 " a man shall be entitled to be registered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area if he . . . . (b) has, during the whole of the qualifying period, so occupied (i.e., as owner or tenant) any land or premises in that area, or if that area is not an adminis- trative county or a county borough in any administrative county or county borough in which the area is wholly or partly situate : . . ." The question therefore arises whether the words u in that constituency " in sect. 4 (1) (c) limit the area within which the land or premises which qualify a woman for the parliamentary franchise must be, to the constituency for which she is to be registered, or whether the wider area described in the words quoted above from sect. 3 is to be taken as being referred to by implication in sect. 4 (1) (c) as the area within which the quali- fying land or premises may be. Although it would seem probable that the Legis- lature intended that the first of these interpreta- tions should be given to the sections in question, it is submitted that sect. 4(1) (c) should be con- strued according to the plain meaning of its express words, and that therefore the qualifying land or premises must be situated in the constituency for which the woman is seeking to be registered. WOMEN'S LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. As to the manner in which a woman who is a Sect. 4. "naval or military voter" can obtain the parlia- mentary franchise, see pp. 93, 94, infra. II. In the case of a university constituency (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. See p. 67, supra. The remarks there made apply equally here, except that the age of thirty years must be substituted for that of twenty-one years or " f ull age." (2) She must (a) fulfil the conditions which if she were a man would entitle her to be registered as a parliamentary elector for a university con- stituency or (b) have been admitted to and passed the final examination, and kept under the conditions required of women by the university the period of residence, necessary for a man to obtain a degree at any university forming, or forming part of, a university constituency which did not at the time the examination was passed admit women to degrees. As to (a) above, see s. 2 and pp. 38, 39, supra. As to (b) above, the only universities where women are not admitted to degrees are Oxford and Cam- bridge. As was pointed out on p. 66, supra, there Local r . . government are two alternative sets of conditions there re- franchise ferred to under the headings A and B, one or other of which sets of conditions must be fulfilled in order to entitle a woman to be registered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area. (1) She must be of full age. See p. 4, supra. *rhe local government franchise is given to women REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 4. at the same age as to men, viz. at twenty-one years, and not at thirty, as in the case of the parliamentary franchise for women. (2) She must not be subject to any legal inca- pacity. See pp. 67, 68, supra. The nature of the incapacity is the same here as in the case of a parliamentary elector (p). and what is said on pp. 67, 68, supra, as to the legal in- capacities of female parliamentary electors applies equally here, except that no question arises in regard to the position of peeresses, as peers are tinder no incapacity in respect of the local govern- ment franchise (q). (3) She must on the last day of the qualify ing period be occupying as owner or tenant any land or premises in the local government electoral area. See pp. 42 61, supra, where everything that is said with regard to the local government franchise for men applies to women. (4) She must during the ivhole of the qualifying period have occupied as owner or tenant any land or premises in the local government electoral area, or if that area is not an administrative county or a county borough, in any administrative county or county borough in whicJi the area is wholly or partly situate. See pp. 61 63, supra. Everything there said applies here. It must be remembered that as in the case of a man, so in the case of a woman who is a (l>) See pp. 45, 7 8, supra, (q) See p. 42, footnote (o), sxj.ru. WOMEN^S LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. 75 " naval or military voter," the qualifying period Sect. 4. is one month instead of six months (r). The set of conditions under A above give the effect of sect. 4 (3) (a). B.- (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. As to this, see p. 67, supra. It should be noticed that the necessary age here is thirty years, as in the case of the parlia- mentary franchise for women, in contradistinc- tion to the alternative local government franchise under heading A above, in which case the neces- sary age is twenty-one years. (2) She must not be subject to any legal inca- pacity. See p. 74, supra. (3) She must be the wife of a man who is entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of premises in which they both reside. This qualification enfranchises for local government purposes all married women who live with their husbands in premises in re- spect of which the husband is entitled to be registered as a local government elector. As to the conditions which must be fulfilled in order to entitle a man to be so registered, see pp. 41, 42 et seq., supra. The words " premises in which they both re- side " do not necessitate a " joint occupation " within the meaning of sect. 3 on the part of the husband and wife. All that is required is that the}^ should both " reside" in the premises. (r) See sect. 6, p. 94, and pp. 96, 97, infra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 4. As to the meaning of the word "reside," see pp. 11 16, supra. The following words at the end of sect. 4 should be noticed : For the purpose of this provision, a naval or military voter who is registered in respect of a residence qualification which he would have had but for his service, shall be deemed to be resident in accordance with the qualification. Thus, a man serving in India in connection with the War who but for such service would be residing with his wife will for the purpose of her enfranchisement be deemed to be residing in the premises where his wife is residing. As to the meaning of the words "a naval or military voter," see pp. 79 85, infra. As to the qualification referred to, see pp. 86 88, infra. 5. (1) A person to whom this section applies (in this Act referred to as " a naval or military voter ") l shall be entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for any constituency for which he would have had the necessary qualification but for the service which brings him within the provisions of this section. 2 The right to be registered in pursuance of the foregoing provision shall be in addition to any other right to be registered, 3 but a 1 See pp. 7985, infra. * See pp. 8295, infra. 3 See pp. 90, 91, 94, infra NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTEUs. naval or military voter shall not be entitled sect. 5. to be registered for a constituency in respect of an actual residence qualification in the constituency except on making a claim for the purpose accompanied by a declaration in the prescribed form that he has taken rea- sonable steps to prevent his being registered under the foregoing provision for any other constituency. 4 (2) The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form and verified in the pre- scribed manner, that he would have had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for the service which brings him within the provisions of this section, shall for all purposes of this section be sufficient if there is no evidence to the contrary. (3) This section applies to any person who is of the age required under this Act in the case of that person 6 and is not subject to any legal incapacity, 7 and who (i) is serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown 8 ; or (ii) is abroad or afloat in connection with any war in which His Majesty is engaged, 9 and is 4 See pp. 9193, infra. 1 See p. 82, infra. 8 See pp. 82, 83, infra. r ' See pp. 8082, infra. 9 See pp. S3, 84, infra. REPRESENTATION OF THK PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. s. (a) in service of a naval or mili- tary character for which payment is made out of moneys provided by Parliament, or (where the person serving was at the commencement of his service resident in the United Kingdom) out of the public funds of any part of His Majesty's Do- minions, or in service as a merchant seaman, pilot, or fisherman, includ- ing the master of a merchant ship or fishing boat and an apprentice on such ship or boat 10 ; or (b) serving in any work of the British Red Cross Society, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, or any other body with a similar object ; or (c) serving in any other work recognised by the Admiralty, Army Council, or Air Council, as work of national importance in connection with the war. 11 (4) A male naval or military voter who has served or hereafter serves in or in con- nection with the present war shall, notwith- standing anything in this or any other Act, 10 See pp. 83, 84, Infra. n See pp. 84, 85, infra. NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. be entitled to be registered as a parliamen- __sect. s. tary elector if that voter at the commence- ment of service had attained, or during service attains, the age of nineteen years, and is otherwise qualified. 12 NOTE. This section relates only to the parlia- mentary franchise, and applies only to a person who comes within the provisions of sub-sect. (3) above. Such person is referred to in this Act as a naval or military voter. In order that a per- son should come within this description, the fol- lowing conditions must be fulfilled : (1) If such person is a man, he must be of full age, or, subject to certain requirements ( t\ younger ; if such person is a woman (&), she must have attained the age of thirty years. (2) Such person must not be subject to any legal incapacity. (3) Suck person must be (i) serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown ; or (ii) abroad or afloat in connection with any war in which His Majesty is engaged, and 12 See pp. 8082, infra. {i} See pp. 80 82, infra. (u] It would appear that sect. 5 is not confined to men in its application. The word "person" includes both men and women, an* the use of the word "male" in sub-section (4) indicates that the use of the expression "naval or military voter " is not confined to men. Moreover, the provisions of sub-sect. (3) (ii) ( b) show beyond doubt that a woman can be a naval or military voter. See also Interpretation Act, 1889, s. 1 (1). REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 5. (a) in service of a naval or military character for which payment is made out of moneys provided by Parliament^ or {where the person serving tvas at the commencement of his service resident in the United Kingdom] out of the public funds of any part of His Majesty's Dominions, or in service as a merchant seam be so registered ; or (3) If in the case of a university constituency she has the requisite qualification in such constituency. As to A.: A male naval or military voter naval and shall be entitled to be registered as a parliamen- voters. tary elector for any constituency (1) If he would but for the service which brings him within the provisions of sect. 5 have had (a) the requisite residence qualification in the constituency, or (b) the requisite business premises qualification in the constituency, or (c) in the case of a university constituency the requisite qualifica- tion for such university constituency. It is clear QUALIFICATIONS OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. that this is the meaning of the first sentence of Sect. 5. sect. 5(1). The words in that section, the neces- sary qualification, can only mean the requisite residence qualification or the requisite business qualification or the requisite university qualifi- cation. It should be remembered that in order to come within the description, " a naval or military voter," a person must have fulfilled the con- ditions of the franchise which relate to age and absence of legal incapacity (rf). The words, the service which brings him within the provisions of sect. 5, refer, of course, to the various kinds of service mentioned in sect. 5 (3)(0), by virtue of which a person becomes a " naval or military voter." As to the meaning of (a) the requisite residence qualification, see pp. 9 24, supra. As to the meaning of (b) the requisite business premises quali- fication, see pp. 4 37, supra. An important point must be observed with regard to the requisite residence and business premises qualifications in their application to naval and military voters. By the proviso in sect. 6 of the present Act, the qualifying period for a naval or military voter is one month, ending either on January 15th or July 15th, instead of the ordinary qualifying period of six months. In applying the observations as to the requisite resi- dence qualification on pp. 924, supra, and the (d) See pp. 79, 8082, supra, (e) See pp. 82 85, gupra. 88 KKPRFSKNTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. jBect. 5. requisite business premises qualification on pp. 24 37, supra, to naval and military voters, this difference in the qualifying period must be remembered. It is impossible to understand fully the effect of the qualification conferred by the first sentence in sect. 5 (1), and stated under A. (1) on p. 86, with- out referring shortly to the method and machinery of registration connected with it. By Rule 17 of the Registration Rules (/), it is the duty of the registration officer to place the names of all naval or military voters (subject to the two exceptions there mentioned(y) ) on the absent voters' list. By Rule 6 of the Registration Rules (h) it is the duty of the registration officer < ' to cause a house-to-house or other sufficient inquiry to be made ... of all persons appearing to be entitled to be registered as parliamentary . . . electors." In the course of this inquiry he will discover the existence of a number of men and women absent on various kinds of war service in his registration area, and it will be his duty to ascertain whether they are entitled to be registered on the absent voters' list as naval or military voters. By sect. 5 (2), the statement of any person, made in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner, that he would have had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for the service which brings him within the (/) First Schedule to the present Act, pp. 345, 346, infra. See also sect. 13, pp. 133, 134, infra. (9> a soldier is serving in the army on 17th July in any year and is invalided out of the army on the 18th July ; then, provided he fulfils the other conditions (c) necessary to acquire the franchise, he need only reside in premises or occupy land or premises from December 16th to January 15th in order to be entitled to be registered for the qualifying period ending January 15th. The special qualifying period applies to local government electors as well as to parliamentary electors. It is clear that although sect. 5 deals only with the parliamentary franchise, a u naval or military voter " as defined by that section can be a local government elector. A curious point arises in connection with the special qualifying period with respect to the inter- pretation of sect. 7 (2) dealt with on pp. 16 23, 27, 28, 45, 46, supra. Though doubtless contrary to the intention of those who framed the Act, it would appear that a person to whom the special qualifying period is applicable could not avail himself or herself of the provisions of sect. 7 (2), as the words therein, " for part of the qualifying v. (a) See p. 95, supra. (b) See pp. 82, 83, supra. (c) See pp. 3, 4, supra. ^8 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 7. period not exceeding four months in the whole," cannot apply to the qualifying period of one month. It should be noticed that as regards Ireland the provisions of sect. 44 (11) (a), set out at p. 334, infra, are substituted for sect. 6. supplemental 7. (i) Where premises are in the ioint provisions &s ^ ' ** to residence occupation of two or more persons, each of and occu- A . i 11 / i / the joint occupiers shall, for the purposes of this Part (d) of this Act, be treated as occu- pying the premises, subject as follows : (a) In the case of the occupation of busi- ness premises the aggregate yearly value of the premises must for the purpose of the parliamentary fran- chise be not less than the amount produced by multiplying ten pounds by the number of the joint occu- piers ; and * (b) In the case of the occupation of land or premises (not being a dwelling- house) the aggregate yearly value thereof must for the purpose of the parliamentary franchise of women be not less than the amount pro- duced by multiplying five pounds by the number of joint occupiers ; and (c) Not more than two joint occupiers (d} I.e., Part I,, ss. 110. SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS AS TO RESIDENCE, ETC. 9tY<)ts at general election for more than one consti- tuency for which he is registered by virtue of a residence qualification or for more than one constituency for which he is registered by virtue of other qualifications of whatever kind, 2 and a woman shall not vote at a general election for more than one consti- tuency for which she is registered by virtue of her own or her husband's local govern- ment qualification, or for more than one constituency for which she is registered by virtue of any other qualification. 3 (2) A person registered as a local govern- ment elector for any local government electoral area shall while so registered (and in the case of a woman notwithstanding sex or marriage) be entitled to vote at a local government election for that area, 4 but where, for the purposes of election, any such area is divided into more than one ward or electoral division, by whatever name called, a person shall not be entitled to vote for more than one such ward or electoral division. 5 Notwithstanding anything in this provi- sion a person may be registered for more than one such ward or division of a local government electoral area (not being a 1 See pp. 102108, infra. 3 Ibid. 3 See pp. 108110, infra. 4 See p. 110, infra. 5 See pp. 110111, infra. OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. -mimicip'ai' borough), and may vote in any such ward or division for which he is regis- tered at an election to^fill a casual vacancy. 6 (3) A naval or military voter who is regis- tered in respect of a qualification which he would have had but for his service shall be deemed for the purpose of this section to be registered by virtue of that qualification. 7 NOTE. Sect. 8 deals with the rights of persons, both male and female, registered as parliamentary or local government electors to vote. Sect. 8 (1) begins by stating the general prin- ciple that every person registered as a parlia- mentary elector for any constituency shall, while so registered (and in the case of a woman not- withstanding sex or marriage), be entitled to vote at an election of a member to serve in Parliament for that constituency (d), and then proceeds to limit the number of votes which a person may give. The principle that registration entitles a person to vote must be read in conjunction with and sub- ject to the qualifications contained in sect. 9 (3). Sect. 9 (3) is as follows : " A person shall not be entitled to be registered or to vote as a parliamen- tary or local government elector if he is not a British subject (c), and nothing contained in this fi See pp. Ill, 112, infra. " Seep. 112, infra. (d) As to the meaning of " constituency," see p. 3, footnote (a), tupra. () See pp. 121, 122, infra. RIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VOTE. 103 Act shall, except as expressly provided therein, Sect 8. confer on any person who is subject to any legal incapacity to be registered or to vote either as a parliamentary or local government elector any right to be so registered or to vote." The sub-section just quoted has, as regards parliamentary electors, the same effect, except as to penalties, as the proviso in sect. 7 of the Ballot Act, 1872, which stands unrepealed by the present Act. That proviso is as follows: " Nothing in this section (sect. 7 of the Ballot Act, 1872) shall entitle any person to vote who is prohibited from voting by any statute, or by the common law of Parliament, or relieve such person from any penal- ties to which he may be liable for voting." The words " subject to any legal incapacity" in sect. 9 (3) of the present Act have the same effect as the words " prohibited ... by any statute or by the common law of Parliament " in sect. 7 of the Ballot Act, 1872. The position as regards voting of a person who is registered as a parliamentary elector is, there- fore, as follows, bearing in miud, however, the limitation of the number of votes which one person is entitled to give, which is dealt with on pp 108 110, infra. The register at an election is conclusive evi- dence ( /) of the right of any person to vote whose name appears therein, and no one is entitled to vote unless his name is on the register of electors for the time being in force. The register is also conclusive evidence (/) before any tribunal in- (/) See pp. 104, 105, 106, 107, infra. 104 KEPKESEiNTATlON OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 8. quiring into any election except in the cases of voters to whom some personal disqualification attaches, /.., voters who are legally incapaci- tated^). The remarks of the learned judges in the cases hereinafter cited, which were decided under the Ballot Act, 1872, apply equally under the present Act. In Stowe v. Jolliffe(h), Lord Coleridge, C.J., said : "I think the true construction of these sec- tions (Y) . . . is to make the register conclusive not only on the returning officer, but also on any tribunal which has to inquire into elections, except in the case of persons ascertained by the proviso (at the end of sect. 7). These are ' persons pro- hibited from voting by any statute or by the common law of Parliament.' u I do not think that these words are pointed at any of the cases which my brother Mellor has referred to us. . . . Non-residence within the proper distance of the borough ; non -occupation; insuffi- cient qualification none of these things appear to satisfy the words of this proviso. It does not mean persons who from failure in the incidents or elements of the franchise could be successfully objected to on the revision of the register ; it means persons who from some inherent or for the (r. NUMBER OF VOTKS ALLOWED. 109 ness premises qualification (z) or of a university Sect, a qualification (a), or as a freeman (b). It should be noticed, however, that if he is registered in more than one constituency by virtue of qualifications other than a residence qualification he will only have one vote ; e.g. a man may be registered in constituency X by virtue of a business premises qualification, and in the university constituencies Y and Z by virtue of a university qualification, yet he can only make use of one of these qualifications for the purpose of voting, as he would not come within the provisions of sect. 7 (2) relating to the double vote. As to the method by which it is secured that the provisions as to the limitation of votes shall be observed, see pp. 164 172, infra. Similarly, a woman cannot, at a general election, have more than two votes, notwithstanding that she is registered in more than two constituencies. She will have two votes if she is registered in one constituency (other than a university constituency) by virtue of her own or her husband's qualifica- tion (c), and in another, a university constituency, by virtue of a university qualification (d). A woman who is registered in more than one constituency (other than a university constituency) by virtue only of her own or her husband's quali- fication, will only have one vote, and the same (z) See pp. 2437, supra. (a) See pp. 3739, supra. (b) See pp. 147, 148, infra. (c) See pp. 6772, supra. (d) See pp. 72, 73, supra. 1 10 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 8. applies to a woman registered in more than one university constituency by virtue of a university qualification. As to the way in which the limita- tion on the number of votes is safeguarded from infringement, see pp. 164 172, infra. It should be noticed that both in the case of men and women, this limitation imposed by sect. 8 (1) on the number of votes they may give applies, only to a general election. There is nothing to prevent a person registered in a con- stituency by virtue of any qualification from making use of his or her vote at a bye-election in the constituency, and also at a bye-election in any other constituency or constituencies in which he or she is registered by virtue of any qualification. Sect. 8 (2) like sect. 8 (1) begins by stating the general principle that a person registered as a local government elector for any local govern- ment electoral area shall while so registered (and in the case of a woman notwithstanding sex or marriage) be entitled to vote at a local government election for that area. This prin- ciple is subject to the same qualifications as were noticed on pp. 102 108, supra, in the case of parliamentary electors, and what was there said applies equally here. But similarly to sect. 8(1), sect. 8(2) intro- duces a limitation on the number of votes which a man or woman may give, by providing that where, for the purposes of election, any such area is divided into more than one ward or electoral division, by whatever name called, a person shall not he entitled to vote for more than one such ward or electoral division. NUMBER OF VOTES ALLOWED. Ill The word election here means (/) an election Sect. e. (other than an election to fill a casual vacancy) for any county council, municipal borough council, metropolitan borough council, district council, board of guardians, parish council, or any other body elected by persons on the local government register or on the register of parochial electors. At any such election, therefore, a local govern- ment elector, whether man or woman, may give one vote only for one ward or electoral division, and no more, Sect. 8 (2) further provides that : Notwithstanding anything in this provision a person may be registered for more than one such ward or division of a local government electoral area (not being a municipal borough), and may vote in any such ward or division for which he is registered at an election to fill a casual vacancy. The words " election to fill a casual vacancy" mean in relation to local government elections what " bye-election " means in relation to parlia- mentary election. If a person is registered in respect of more than one ward or division of a local government electoral area (not being a municipal borough), such person may at an election other than an election to fill a casual vacancy select the ward or division for which he wishes to vote. As will have been noticed, a person cannot be registered in more than one ward of a municipal borough (g). (/) See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. (g) See that part of sect. 8 (2) which is set out on preceding page. 112 KEPRESENTATTON OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 8. As regards Ireland, sect. 8 (2) must be read subject to the provisions of sect. 44 (14) (h). (3) A naval or military voter who is registered in respect of a qualification which he would have had but for his service shall be deemed for the purpose of this section to be registered by virtue of that qualification. As to u naval or military voter" and the quali- fication here referred to, see pp. 76 94, supra. Pro vision a* 9. (1) A person shall not be disqualified to di*qualifi- V . . , f , ? from being registered, or from voting as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that he or some person for whose maintenance he is responsible has received poor relief or other alms. 1 (2) Any person, being a conscientious objector to whom this subsection applies, 2 shall be disqualified during the continuance of the war and a period of five years there- after 3 from being registered or voting as a parliamentary or local government elector, unless, before the expiration of one year after the termination of the war, he proves to the central tribunal as established for the purposes of the Military Service Act, 1916 4 : (a) that he has during the continuance of the war taken up and, so far as 1 See pp. 116, 117, infra. 3 See pp. 117, 118, infra. * See p. 117, infra. 4 See pp. 118, 119, infra. (h) See p. 335, infra. DISQUALIFICATIONS. 1 1 3 reasonably practicable, continued sect. 9. service which constitutes a person (other than a person serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, military, or air forces of the Crown) a naval or military voter for the purposes of this Act 5 ; or (b) that having been exempted from military service on condition of doing work of national importance he has done such work in accord- ance with the decision and to the satisfaction of the appropriate tri- bunal or authority 6 ; or (c) that having obtained an absolute exemption from military service without any such condition, he has nevertheless (whether before or after the passing of this Act) been engaged in and, so far as reasonably practicable, continued some work of national importance ; and obtains a certificate from the central tribunal to that effect. 7 This subsection shall apply to a conscien- tious objector who either (i) has been exempted from all military service (including non-combatant 6 See pp. 119, 120, infra. 6 See p, 120, infra. 7 See pp. 120, 121, infra. 114 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 9. service) on the ground of conscien- tious objection 8 ; or (ii) haying been convicted by court martial of an offence against mili- tary law, and having represented that the offence was the result of conscientious objection to military service, has been awarded imprison- ment or detention. 9 The central tribunal established under the Military Service Act, 1916, shall be continued for the purpose of this subsection for a period of a year after the termination of the present war. 10 If a person disqualified under this sub- section would have been entitled to be registered as a parliamentary or local government elector but for that disquali- fication, the disqualification shall not extend so as to affect the right of the wife of that person to be registered or vote as a par- liamentary or local government elector, as the case may be. 11 (3) A person shall not be entitled to be registered or to vote as a parliamentary or local government elector if he is not a British subject, and nothing contained in 8 See p. 117, infra. 10 See p. 121, infra. 9 See p. 117, infra. See p. 121, infra. DISQUALIFICATIONS. this Act shall, except as expressly provided Sect - 9 - therein, confer on any person who is subject to any legal incapacity to be registered or to vote either as a parliamentary or local government elector any right to be so regis- tered or to vote. 12 (4) A person shall not be disqualified from voting at any election as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that he is employed for payment by or on behalf of a candidate at such election, so long as the employment is legal. 13 (5) Any incapacity of a peer to vote at an election arising from the status of a peer shall not extend to peeresses in their own right. 14 NOTE. This section re-enacts certain existing disqualifications, imposes a new disqualification, and also removes certain previously existing dis- qualifications from being registered, and from voting, as a parliamentary or local government elector. The section falls under five heads. Sub-sect. (1) removes the existing disqualification arising from the receipt of poor relief or other alms in the case of parliamentary and local government 12 See pp. 121, 122, infra. 13 Seep. 122, infra. 14 See pp. 122, 123, infra. 8(2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 9. electors(^). Sub-sect (2) disqualifies conscientious objectors for a certain period and subject to certain conditions (i). Sub-sect. (3) re-affirms the disqualification arising from legal incapacity (&). Sub-sect. (4) removes the existing disqualification from voting of election agents, or other persons legally employed for payment by or on behalf of candidates (/). Sub-sect. (5) declares that peer- esses in their own right are not disqualified from voting (m). As to sub-sect. (1). A person shall not be dis- qualified from being registered or from voting as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that he or some person for whose main- tenance he is responsible has received poor relief or other alms, As was pointed out above this sub-section re- moves the disqualification from being registered or from voting as a parliamentary or local govern- ment elector by reason of the receipt of poor relief or other alms, either by the elector or some other person for whose maintenance he is responsible. The only disqualification of this kind which exists under the present Act is that which arises in reference to the residence qualification by reason of sect. 41 (5), which provides that u a person who is an inmate or patient in any prison, lunatic asylum, workhouse, poorhouse, or any other similar institution shall not by reason (h] See pp. 116, 117, infra, (i) See pp. 119121, infra. (&) See pp. 121, 122 ; infra. (I) See p. 122, infra. (m) See pp. 122, 123, infra. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS. thereof be treated as resident therein for any Sect. 9. purpose of this Act " (w). As to sub-section (2). Any person, being a conscientious objector to whom this subsection applies. In order to ascertain the meaning of these words it is necessary to consider the words in sub-section (2) beginning, This subsection shall apply to a conscientious objector who either (i) has been exempted from all military service (including non-combatant service) on the ground of conscientious objection; The expression "a conscientious objector" cannot include a woman, as the Military Service Act, 1916, only applies to men. The exemption referred to in the sub-section is granted under that Act by the tribunals constituted thereunder. or (ii) having been convicted by court-martial of an offence against military law and having represented that the offence was the result of conscientious objection to military service, has been awarded imprisonment or detention. These words would include any man who, whether he has claimed exemption or not on the ground of conscientious objection, has been engaged in military service, and on being con- victed by court-martial of an offence against military law, has represented that the offence was the result of conscientious objection, and has been awarded imprisonment or detention. Sub-section (2) enacts that a conscientious objector coming within the above description (n) See p. 15, supra. 11 H REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 9. shall be disqualified during the continuance " of the war and a period of five years thereafter from being registered or voting as a parlia- mentary or local government elector. It is submitted that the effect of these words is to impose a legal incapacity to be registered or to vote as a parliamentary or local government elector on all persons coming within sect. 9 (2). As was pointed out above (0), the expression " legal incapacity " means " some inherent or for the time irremovable quality in" a person " which either by prohibition of statutes or at common law " deprives such person of the status of a parliamentary elector (p). It would seem clear that the disqualification imposed by sect, 9 (2) is of this nature. Moreover, if this sub- section is not intended to impose a legal inca- pacity, the words "from voting" would be of no effect, since it is only where an elector is legally incapacitated that his vote can be struck off on a scrutiny, notwithstanding the fact that he is registered (q). unless, before the expiration of one year after the termination of the war, he proves to the central tribunal as established for the purposes of the Military Service Act, 1916 By international law war is terminated by the conclusion of a treaty of peace or by simple cessation of hostilities (r). In the absence of some special provision either in an Act of Parlia- (o) See pp. 5, 104, 105, supra. (p) Stowe v. Jolliffe (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 750. (?) See pp. 8, 103108, supra. (r} See " International Law," by W. E. Hall, 6th ed., p. 553. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECIORS. ment or in the treaty of peace, it is submitted Sect. 9. that the termination of the war would not be held to date from the commencement of an armistice. the central tribunal established under the Military Service Act, 1916 The central tribunal is the highest of the three tribunals established under the Military Service Act, 1916, and by sect. 2 (7) of that Act is constituted in accordance with the provisions of the Second Schedule to that Act. The present Act contains no provision as to the procedure to be adopted on an application to the central tri- bunal by any person who wishes to avail himself of the provisions of sect. 9 (2) (a), (b) and (c). By clause 5 of the Schedule to the Military Ser- vice Act, 1916, " His Majesty may by Order in Council make regulations with respect to the constitution, functions and procedure of the . . . central tribunal, and so far as provision is not made for procedure by those regulations, the procedure of the tribunal shall be such as may be determined by the tribunal." The application can be made at any time after the passing of the present Act and " before the expiration of one year after the termination of the war." (a) that he has during the continuance of the war taken up and so far as reasonably practi- cable continued service which constitutes a person (other than a person serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, or military or air forces of the Crown) a naval or military voter for the purposes of this Act ; It should be noticed that although the applica- REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. tion to a central tribunal, referred to above, may be made at any time up to the expiration of one year after the end of the war, the service men- tioned in sect. 9 (2) (a) must have been taken up during the continuance of the war. See as to the " service which constitutes a person ... a naval or military voter," pp. 79 85, supra. (b) that having been exempted from military service on condition of doing work of national importance he has done such work in accordance with the decision and to the satisfaction of the appropriate tribunal or authority, This condition applies to those conscientious objectors who have not obtained a certificate of absolute exemption but have obtained under sect. 2(3) of the Military Service Act, 1916, a cer- tificate "'conditional on the applicant being en- gaged in some work which in the opinion of the tribunal dealing with the case is of national importance." " The appropriate tribunal " here referred to is of course the particular tribunal which granted the conditional certificate, and the "'authority" means the authority in whose employment the work was done. The u satisfaction " required under sect. 9 (2) (a) of the present Act is either that of the " tribunal " or of the " authority." Sub-section (2) (c) of sect. 9, which deals with conscientious objectors who have been absolutely exempted, needs no comment. and obtains a certificate from the central tribunal to that effect. DISQUALIFICATIONS. 121 The applicant must not only prove to the Sect. o. central tribunal the necessary facts in (a), (b) or (e), but must also obtain a certificate from the tribunal to that effect. This will, of course, afford the necessary and conclusive proof to the registration officer that the applicant is not dis- qualified as a conscientious objector. If a person disqualified under this subsection would have been entitled to be registered as a parliamentary or local government elector but for that disqualification, the disqualification shall not extend so as to affect the right of the wife of that person to be registered or vote as a parlia- liamentary or local government elector as the case may be. The effect of this provision is that when a woman would be entitled under sect. 4 (1) to be registered as a parliamentary elector, or under sect. 4 (3*) (b) as a local government elector, by reason of the fact that her husband would, but that he is disqualified under sect. 9 (2), have the necessary qualification to be registered as a local government elector under sects. 4 (1) (c) or 4 (3) (b) respectively, she shall not lose her right to be registered or to vote in consequence of her husband being so disqualified. As to sub-sect. (3) of sect. 9. The words if he is not a British subject would appear to be sur- plusage, as aliens are subject to a legal incapacity to be registered or to vote as parliamentary or local government electors (w). It could not be (it) See pp. 4, 5, supra. 122 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 9. argued that these words impose an incapacity of ' a different kind to the one already attaching to aliens, and that the effect of the words a person shall not be entitled ... to vote as a parlia- mentary or local government elector is to make it the duty of the returning officer to ascertain in the polling-booth whether the person seeking to vote is or is not a British subject, and in the latter case to refuse to allow him to vote. If this were the meaning of the words there would be a further question which the returning officer would be re- quired to put to the voter in addition to those already authorised (v) to be asked. The effect of this incapacity, like that of the other legal incapacities (#), is that the vote of the person who is subject to it can be struck off on a scrutiny. As to the remaining words of sub-section (3), see pp. 102 108, supra. As to sub-section (4). This removes the pre- viously existing disqualification from voting as a parliamentary elector attaching to an election- agent, sub-agent, polling- agent, clerk or mes- senger employed for payment by a candidate at a parliamentary election (y}. As to sub-section (5). This would appear to be merely declaratory, as the reasons for which it has been held that peers are legally incapable of exercising the parliamentary franchise do not (v) See pp. 167172, infra, (x) See pp. 8, 104108, supra. (y) See pp. 224226, infra. c QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBER OF LOCAL AUTHORITY. apply to peeresses (#), whether in their own right Sect. 9. or by marriage. There is, of course, nothing to prevent either peers or peeresses from voting at a local government election. 10. A person shall, in addition to and Provision as without prejudice to any other qualifica- t tion, be qualified to be elected a member of the local government authority for any local government electoral area 1 if he is the owner of property held by freehold, copyhold, leasehold, or any other tenure 2 within the area of that authority. NOTE. The effect of this section is to enlarge the qualifications for membership of local government authorities. There is no limit of value in regard to the qualifying property, nor need the ownership have lasted for any particular period. The section also prevents the possible disqualification, by reason of the conditions of the local government or parlia- mentary franchise as laid down in the present Act, of any person from being elected a member of a local government authority, where such person would have been qualified for such election under the previously existing law ; e.g., by sect. 2 (b) of the Local Government Act, 1888, " a person shall be qualified to be an alderman or 1 See p. 124, infra. 2 See p. 124, infra. (z) See p. 67, supra. 124 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 10. councillor who, though not qualified in manner provided by the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, as applied by this Act (i.e., Local Government Act, 1888) ... is registered as a parliamentary voter in respect of the ownership of property of whatsoever tenure situate in the county." Since the ownership qualification for the parliamentary franchise is abolished by the present Act, the case might arise where a person who would have been qualified under the above- quoted provision would, in the absence of sect. 10, set out above, not be so qualified under the present Act. the local government authority for any local government electoral area, The words u local government authority " mean a county council, municipal borough coun- cil, metropolitan borough council, district council, board of guardians, parish council, or any other body elected at the time of the passing of this Act by persons on the local government register or on the register of parochial electors (a) ; and the expression " local government electoral area" means the area for which any of the bodies just mentioned is elected (a). the owner of property held by freehold, copy- hold, leasehold, or any other tenure. The word "owner" is used here somewhat loosely, and not in the sense in which it is used in sect. 3 (b). (a) See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. (6) See p. 46, supra. REGISTERS. PART II. REGISTRATION. [Sections 1119.] 11. (1) Two registers of electors shall be spring and prepared in every year, of which one (in this Act referred to as the spring register) shall be made for the qualifying period ending on the fifteenth day of January, 1 and the other (in this Act referred to as the autumn register) shall be made for the qualifying period ending on the fifteenth day of July. 2 (2) The spring register shall come into force on the commencement of the fifteenth day of April and remain in force until the fifteenth day of October, 3 and the autumn register shall come into force on the com- mencement of the fifteenth day of October and remain in force until the fifteenth day of April. 4 (3) If for any reason the registration officer fails to compile a fresh spring or autumn register for his area or any part of 1 See pp. 126, 127, infra. 3 See pp. 127, 128, infra. 2 See pp. 126, 127, infra. * See pp. 127, 128, infra. 126 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - n - his area, the register in force at the time when the fresh register should have come into force shall continue to operate as the register for the area or part of an area in respect of which default has been made. 5 NOTE. Sect. 11 deals with the registers of electors, which it defines, and also provides for the contingency of a failure to compile a fresh register. As to sub-section (1). This provides that there shall be two -registers in every twelve months, viz. (a) the Spring register, on which are to be placed the names of the men and women who are entitled to be registered as parliamentary or local government electors by reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during the qualifying period ending on January 15th, and (b) the Autumn register, on which are to be placed the names of the men and women who are entitled to be registered as parliamentary or local government electors by reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during the qualifying period ending on July 15th. It is submitted that the above is the meaning of sect. 11 (1). The words in that sub-section (. . . the Spring register) shall be made for the quali- fying period ending on the fifteenth day of January and the corresponding words relating to the Autumn register can only mean that the Spring and Autumn registers respectively shall 6 See pp. 128130, infra. REGISTERS. 127 contain the names of the persons entitled to be Sect - 11 - registered by reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during the qualifying periods ending January loth and July 15th re- spectively (c). As to the conditions of the franchise, see sec- tions 1, 3, 4, 5, supra. As to the qualifying period, see pp. 95 98, supra. As to sub-section (2). The Spring register is valid only from midnight, April 14th, until mid- night, October 14th, and the Autumn register from midnight, October 14th, until midnight, April 14th. As was noted above, the Spring register contains the names of the persons who are entitled to be registered by reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during the qualifying period ending on January 15th, and such persons accordingly only obtain the rights which registration confers (d) during the time when the Spring register is in force, viz. from April 15th to October 15th. Similarly, the Autumn register contains the names of the persons who are entitled to be registered by reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during the qualifying period ending on July 15th, and accordingly such persons only obtain the rights which registration confers (e) during the time when the Autumn register is in force, viz. from October 15th to (c) But as to the first register, see pp. 128, 129, infra. (d) See pp. 102 108, supra. (e) See pp. 102108, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 11. April 15th. In other words, for a person to enjoy the rights which registration confers(/) during the whole twelve months, the name of such person must appear on both registers. As to sub-section (3). The word area here means " registration area." By sect. 12 (!)(#) " each parliamentary borough and each parliamentary county shall be a registration area." It should be noticed that by sect. 46 (2) it is provided that : u Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the first register to be prepared under this Act shall come into force on, and remain in force until, such date as His Majesty may fix by Order in Council, and His Majesty may by any such Order alter, in connection with the first register, any registration dates, including the dates go- verning the qualifying period, and direct that this Act shall have effect as so altered." By rule 6 of the Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918 (7), which substituted other dates for the dates specified in Orders in Council dated March 4th, 1918 (m) and March 22nd, 191 8 (), " in connection with the first register to be pre- pared under the Act the registration dates and the dates governing the qualifying period shall, .... be the dates specified in the third column of the Fifth Schedule to this Order." (/) See pp. 102108, supra. (k] See p. 130, supra. (?) See p. 749, infra. (m) See pp. 613 614, infra. (n) See pp. 626627, infra. DATES FOR FIRST REGISTER. The Schedule is as follows : REGISTRATION DATES. Sect. 11. Subject-matter. Date specified in Act. Substituted date. End of qualifying period .... Publication of lists 15 Jan. July 1 F e k % Aug. 15 April 29 June Last day for objections to elec- tors lists 15 Feb. Aug. 10 July Last day for claims Last day for claims as absent voters 18 Feb. Aug. 18 Feb. Aug. 17 July 31 July Date referred to in Bale 17 (see p. 345, infra} 18 Feb. Aug. 17 Auer Publication of list of objec- tions to electors lists 21 Feb. Aug. 19 July Publication of list of claimants Last day for objections to claimants 24 Feb. Aug. 7 Mar. 4 Sept. 25 July 31 July Publication of list of objec- tions to claimants (as soon as practicable after) 7 Mar 4 Sept. 31 July Publication and coming into force of register . 15 ADril Oct. 1 Oct." In its application to Ireland sect. 11 must be Application -. , . , -,, . . to Ireland. read subject to the following provisions of sect. n " One register of electors only shall be made each year, and all provisions applicable to the autumn register shall apply as respects the yearly register (except that the yearly register shall remain in force until the fifteenth day of October in the next following year), and the pro- visions as to the preparation of two registers in each year and as to the spring register shall not apply." (o) See pp. 334, 335, infra. 1'JO REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 11. It should be noticed that in Ireland there is only one qualifying period in each year, being a period of six months ending on July loth (ri). 12. H) Each parliamentary borough and officers and > ' TUT area 8 . each parliamentary county shall be a regis- tration area, and there shall be a registra- tion officer for each registration area. (2) Where the registration area is a par- liamentary county and is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one administrative county, the clerk of the county council, and where the registration area is a par- liamentary borough and is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one municipal borough, the town clerk of the borough shall be the registration officer for the area. In any other case such clerk of the county council, or town clerk, shall be registration officer for the area as the Local Government Board may by Order direct, subject to any conditions which may be made by the Order as to the appointment of deputies for any part of the area. (3) Any of the duties and powers of the registration officer may be performed and exercised by any deputy for the time being approved by the Local Government Board, (w) See sect. 44 (11) (a), p. 334, infra. REGISTRATION OFFICERS AND AREAS. 18 and the provisions of this Act shall apply to sect. 12. any such deputy so far as respects any duties or powers to be performed or exercised by him as it applies to the registration officer. (4) In the event of any vacancy in the office of any clerk of the county council or town clerk who is a registration officer, or in the event of his incapacity to act, any acts authorised or required to be done by or with respect to the registration officer may be done by or with respect to any person temporarily appointed in that behalf by the chairman of the county council or the mayor as the case may be. NOTE. Each parliamentary borough and each parliamentary county. A list of these in Eng- land and Wales is given in the Ninth Schedule to this Act. See pp. 404467, 482543, infra. Any of the duties and powers of the registra- tion officer. As to what these are, see sect. 13, pp. 133134, infra, and First Schedule, pp. 339- 357, infra. This section does not apply to Scotland, but Application ,*1 x . . to Scotland. by section 43, sub-section (8), the provisions of that sub-section are substituted for those of section 12. The provisions of section 43, sub- section (8), will be found set out on pp. 317 319, infra. 9(2) H* REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 12. In its application to Ireland sect. 12 of the Act Applic to Ireli cation is, by reason of the provisions of sect. 44, sub- reland. sect. (2) (p) and part of sub-sect. (3) (q\ to be read subject to the following modifications :- u (2) The reference (in sect. 12 (3)) to the Local Government Board in relation to the ap- proval of a deputy for the execution of any of the powers and duties of a registration officer shall be construed as a reference to the Lord Lieutenant, and other references to that Board shall be construed as references to the Local Government Board for Ireland : " (3) (a) The clerk of the crown and peace for an administrative county, not being a county borough, shall be the registration officer for any parliamentary county which is coterminous with, or the whole or greater part of which is contained in, the administrative county and no part is con- tained in a county borough, and the clerk of the crown and peace for a county borough shall be the registration officer for any parliamentary borough which is coterminous with, or the whole or any part of which is contained in, the county borough (r) . . . ." Moreover, sect. 44 (3) (c) (*) is substituted for sub-sect. (4) of sect. 12. (p) See p. 327, infra, (q) See pp. 327, 328, infra. (r) For the proviso in this sub-section relating to Dublin and Belfast, see p. 144, infra. () See pp. 329, 330, infra. REGISTRATION DUTIES. 133 13. (1) It shall be the duty of the regis- Seot - 18 - tration officer to compile the spring and d u e t f e ^ rfttion autumn register, and to place, or cause to be placed, on the register in accordance with the rules set out in the First Schedule to this Act the names of those entitled to vote as parliamentary electors or local govern- ment electors in his registration area, and to comply with any general or special direc- tions which may be given by the Local Government Board with respect to the arrangements to be made by the registra- tion officer for carrying out his duties as to registration. If a registration officer refuses, neglects or fails without reasonable cause to perform any of his duties in connection with regis- tration, he shall be liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds. (2) His Majesty may by Order in Council prescribe the forms to be used for registra- tion purposes and any fees to be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules contained in the First Schedule to this Act for the purpose of carrying this Act into full effect, or for carrying into effect any Act for the time being in force amending or affect- ing this Act. 134 REPKE8ENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect, is. Xhe rules contained in the First Schedule to this Act and any Order so made shall have effect as if enacted in this Act. NOTE. This section imposes upon the regis- tration officer the duty of ascertaining what per- sons in the area for which he is registration officer are entitled to be placed on the register as parliamentary and as local government electors and to place such names or cause them to be placed on the register. the rules set out in the First Schedule to this Act. For these rules, see pp. 339 357, infra. and to comply with any general or special directions which may be given by the Local Government Board. These directions are set out in Appendix I. See p. 555, infra. shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds. If a registration officer refuses, neglects or fails with- out reasonable cause to perform any of his duties in connection with registration, such refusal, ne- glect or failure does not constitute an indictable offence, but is punishable upon summary convic- tion and renders the registration officer liable to be prosecuted under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts. The Order in Council prescribing forms referred to in sub-section (2) above is set out at pp. 555 578, infra, and that prescribing fees at pp. 747 753, infra (see particularly rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751). APPEALS. 135 14. (1) An appeal shall lie to the county Sect - 14 - court, as defined by rules of court, from any decision of the registration officer on any claim or objection which has been considered by him under this Act, or the placing of or refusal to place any mark against any name on the register, and rules of court shall be made for the purpose of determining the procedure on any such appeals and for applying and adapting thereto any enact- ments relating to county courts and the procedure therein : Provided that an appeal shall not lie where tf claimant or objector has not availed himself of his opportunity, as provided in the First Schedule to this Act, of being heard by the registration officer on the claim or objection, or as to the placing of or refusing to place any such mark as aforesaid. (2) An appeal shall lie on any point of law from any decision of the county court on any such appeal from the registration officer in accordance with rules of the Su- preme Court to the Court of Appeal, but no appeal shall lie from the decision of the Court of Appeal. (3) The right of voting of any person whose name is for the time being on the register shall not be prejudiced by any 136 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 14. appeal pending under this section, and any vote given in pursuance of that right shall be as good as if no such appeal were pending, and shall not be affected by the subsequent decision of the appeal. (4) Notice shall be sent to the registration officer in manner provided by rules of court of the decision of the county court or of the Court of Appeal on any appeal under this section, and the registration officer shall make such alterations in the electors lists or register as may be required to give effect to the decision. (5) On any appeal under this section the registration officer shall be deemed to be a party to the proceedings. (6) If the Lord Chancellor is satisfied on the representation of the judge of any county court that the judge is unable, owing to the necessity of dealing with appeals under this Act, to transact the business of the court with proper despatch, the Lord Chancellor may appoint a barrister of at least seven years' standing to act as assistant judge for such time as the Lord Chancellor may direct, and subject to any conditions which he may impose. . Any assistant judge so appointed shall have all the powers and privileges and may perform any of the duties of the judge, APPEALS. 137 whether under this Act or otherwise, to sect. 14. whom he has been appointed assistant. An assistant judge shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament such re- muneration and travelling allowances as may be allowed by the Treasury. . In the application of this provision to a county court district the whole of which is within the Duchy of Lancaster, the Chan- cellor of the Duchy shall be substituted for the Lord Chancellor. NOTE. An appeal. Anyone who is entitled to make and has made a claim or objection can appeal to the county court from the decision of the registration officer, whether such decision be on a question of fact or a point of law, as to which see below. For the rules of court referred to in sub- sections (1), (2) and (4), see pp. 638 671, infra. on any claim or objection. See pp. 342 345, and Rule 25, pp. 3-1:8, 349, infra. any mark against any name on the register. See Rule 2, p. 340, infra, and pp. 342 345, 577, infra. where a claimant or objector has not availed himself of his opportunity, as provided in the First Schedule to this Act, of being heard by the registration officer. See Rules 20, 21, p. 347, and Rule 39, p. 353, infra. An appeal shall lie on any point of law from any decision of the county court. It will be noticed that an appeal from the decision of the las REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 14. Application to Scotland. Application to Ireland. county court will only lie on a point of law. Where it is clear that the findings of fact by the registration officer are dependent on an erroneous view of the law (r), or where there is no evidence to support such findings, an appeal will lie (s). In Scotland the reference to the county court in the above section shall be construed as a re- ference to the sheriff court, and reference to the Supreme Court shall be construed as a reference to the Court of Session, and a reference to the Court of Appeal shall be construed as a reference to the Court of three judges of the Court of Session constituted by sect. 23 of the Repre- sentation of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868 (). Moreover, sect. 43 (9)(w) of the present Act enacts that ' ' the provisions regarding the appointment of an assistant judge (in sect. 14 above) shall riot apply " to Scotland. In its application to Ireland sect. 14 is subject to the provisions of sect. 44 (5) (#), which are as follows : " For the purposes of appeals from the regis- tration officer, . . . the powers and jurisdic- tion of the county court shall, unless and until the Lord Lieutenant otherwise direct, be exer- (r] Cawley v. Furncll (1851), 12 0. B. 291 ; Cuthbertson v. Purses (1852), 12 C. B. 304. (s] G. N. R. Co. v. llimel (1856), 18 0. B. 575; Brituli Industry Lift-. Ass. Co. v. Ward (1856), 17 C. B. 644. (0 See sect. 43 (1), (h), (f) and (g) of the present Act, pp. 309, 310, infra. () See p. 319, infra. (x) See p. 331, infra. REGISTRATION EXPENSES. cised, as respects the parliamentary borough of Sect. 14. Dublin, by the persons who are at the time of the passing of this Act Dublin revising barris- ters, and as respects the parliamentary county of Dublin by the person who is at the time of the passing of this Act revising barrister for that county ; but while those powers are so exercised, the provisions of this Act as to county courts shall apply to those persons as they apply to county courts, with the necessary modifications, and in particular with the modification that assis- tant judges may be appointed to assist those persons if in the opinion of the Lord Chancellor such appointment is necessary in order to enable the appeals to be disposed of with proper dispatch. " 15. (1) Any expenses properly incurred Expenses of , \ '. , . J . ^ ^ J f registration. by a registration officer in the performance of his duties in relation to registration, including all proper and reasonable charges for trouble, care and attention in the per- formance of those duties, and any costs incurred by him as party to an appeal (in this Act referred to as "registration ex- penses ") shall be paid by the council whose clerk the registration officer is, or by whom he is appointed, subject, in cases where the registration area is not coterminous with or wholly contained in the area of that council, to such contributions by the council of any other county or borough as the Local Go- vernment Board may direct. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Se <*- lft Any such expenses shall be paid in the case of the council of a county out of the county fund, and if the case requires as expenses for special county purposes, and in the case of a council of a borough out of the borough fund or borough rate, or, where there is no borough fund or borough rate, out of the fund or rate out of which the ordinary expenses of the council of the borough are paid. (2) The Treasury may frame a scale of registration expenses applicable to all or any class or classes of those expenses, and may alter the scale as and when they think fit. Any expenses incurred by the registration officer of a class to which the scale is applic- able shall be taken to be properly incurred if they do not exceed the maximum amount determined by or in accordance with the scale, and so far as they do exceed that amount shall be taken not to have been properly incurred unless the excess is specially sanctioned by the council and the Treasury either before or after the expenses have been incurred. If any question arises whether any ex- penses incurred by the registration officer of a class to which the scale is not applicable have been properly incurred or not, that question shall be referred to the Local KEGISTRATION EXPENSES. 141 Government Board, and the decision of the seot ** Board on the question shall be final. (3) Any fees or other sum received by the registration officer in respect of his duties as such officer, other than sums paid to that officer in respect of his registration expenses, shall be accounted for by that officer and paid to the credit of the fund or rate out of which the expenses of that officer are paid. (4) There shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament to the council of any county or borough in aid of the fund or rate out of which any registration expenses are paid by the council, in accordance with this Act, one half of the amount so paid by the council. (5) On the request of the registration officer of any registration area for an ad- vance on account of registration expenses, the council whose clerk the registration officer is may, if they think fit, make such an advance to him of such amount and subject to such conditions as the council may approve. in the performance of his duties. As to what are the duties of the registration officer, see sect. 13, pp. 133 134, supra, and First Schedule, pp. 339357, infra. as party to an appeal. See sect. 14, pp. 135 137, and 137138, supra. 14$ REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect is registration area. See sect. 12 ( 1), p. 1 30, supra. For the scale of registration expenses men- tioned in sub-section (2), see pp. 610 612, infra. As to the words in sub-section (3) above, any fees or other sum received by the registration officer in respect of his duties as such officer, other than sums paid to that officer in respect of his registration expenses, the fees here referred to are those mentioned in Rules 28 and 33 of the Registration Rules (y\ and Rule 8 of the Third Schedule (z). For the amount of such fees, see Order in Council, June 4th, 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. Application The first sub-section of sect. 15 does not apply to Scotland, and in lieu thereof the provisions of sect. 43 (II) (a) are applicable. These provisions are as follows : " Any expenses properly incurred by any re- gistration officer in the performance of his duties in relation to registration, including all proper and reasonable charges for trouble, care, and attention in the performance of those duties and any cost incurred by him as party to an appeal (in this Act referred to as ' registration expenses '), shall be paid by the council appointing the regis- tration officer. Provided that, where a burgh within the meaning of the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889, is not a separate registra- tion area, the council thereof shall pay to the council appointing the registration officer a con- tribution towards the registration expenses, and (/) See pp. 350, 351, infra. (z) See p. 360, infra. (a) See pp. 319, 320, infra. REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 143 sub-section (4) of section sixty and section sixty- Sect. l. six of that Act shall apply, with the necessary modifications, to such contribution. The amount necessary to defray any registration expenses or any contribution thereto, as the case may be shall be assessed and levied in any one of the modes allowed by the Valuation Acts with re- spect to the costs and expenses of making up the valuation roll." In its application to Ireland, sect. 15 is subject Application to the modifications enacted by sect. 44 (3) (a) (b) (b) of the Act. Sect, 44 (3) (a) (b) is as follows : " (a) The clerk of the crown and peace for an administrative county, not being a county borough, shall be the registration officer for any parliamentary county which is coterminous with, or the whole or greater part of which is contained in, the administrative county, and for any parlia- mentary borough of which the whole or greater part is contained in the administrative county and no part is contained in a county borough, and the clerk of the crown and peace for a county borough shall be the registration officer for any parlia- mentary borough which is coterminous with, or the whole or any part of which is contained in, the county borough, and the council of that ad- ministrative county or county borough, as the case may be, shall be the council by which the registration expenses of that registration officer are to be paid, subject in cases where the parlia- (b) See pp. 327329, infra. 144: BEPKE8ENTAT10N OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 15. mentary county or parliamentary borough is not coterminous with, or wholly contained in, the administrative county or county borough, as the case may be, to such contribution by the council of any other administrative county or county borough as the Local Government Board may direct : Provided that the registration expenses to be paid by a council shall not include any charges for trouble, care, and attention, in the performance of duties which are performed by the registration officer in person : Provided also that the persons who, at the passing of this Act, are town clerks for the county borough of Dublin and the county borough of Belfast, respectively, shall, so long as they hold their respective offices, be the registration officers for the parliamentary borough of Dublin and the parliamentary borough of Belfast, respectively, and that the last pre- ceding proviso shall not apply in their case. tt (b) The registration expenses shall be paid in the case of the council of a county borough, out of the rate or fund out of which the general expenses of the council are paid, or out of any other rate or fund which the Local Government Board may on the application of the council approve, and, in the case of a council of any other administrative county, out of the poor rate as a county at large charge, except in cases to which section twelve of the Parliamentary Registration (Ireland) Act, 1885, applies." It will be noticed that the proviso in the above sub-section introduces a material difference in the PROVISIONS AS TO URBAN DISTRICTS AND LONDON. 145 meaning of the words u expenses properly incurred Sect. is. by the registration officer " as compared with the meaning of these words in sect. 15 (1). " Local Government Board" throughout the sub-section just quoted means the Local G-overn- ment Board for Ireland ( 88 the absent voters list, if he satisfies the registration officer (i) that he is a naval or mili- tary voter and is serving, or about to serve, afloat or in any area on land abroad in which voting by proxy is permitted in pursuance of an Order in Council made under this section 13 ; or (ii) that he is a merchant sea- man, pilot, or fisherman (includ- ing the master of a merchant ship or fishing boat and an ap- prentice on such a ship or boat) and that there is a likelihood that he will be at the time of a par- liamentary election at sea or about to go to sea 13 ; shall be entitled, if he so desires, to appoint a proxy, and, having ap- pointed a proxy, to vote by proxy at a parliamentary election in ac- cordance with and subject to the provisions of this Act 14 : (c) No ballot paper shall be sent for the purpose of voting by post to a per- son who has appointed a proxy under this provision while the ap- 13 See p. 201, infra. u See p. 202, infra. 176 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. ^ poiiitment is in force, or to any naval or military voter if the return- ing officer knows that he is serving in an area in which voting by proxy is permitted in pursuance of an Order in Council made under this section 15 : (d) The provisions set out in the Third Schedule to this Act shall have effect with respect to voting by proxy. 15 (5) A person whose name is entered on the absent voters list shall not be entitled to vote except as an absent voter in pursu- ance of this section. 16 (6) His Majesty may by Order in Council 17 prescribe the forms to be used for the pur- poses of this section, and make regulations as to the mode in which proxy papers may be issued and cancelled and in which ballot papers are to be sent to the voter for the purpose of voting by post and as to the authentication of any marked ballot papers, and generally for the purpose of carrying this section into effect and for preserving the secrecy of voting in pursuance thereof. 18 NOTE. This section provides for the method 15 See p. 202, infra. 18 See pp. 202, 203, infra. 17 This Order will be found 011 p. 754 et seq. 18 See p. 203, infra. ABSENT VOTERS LIST. 177 of voting by absent voters at parliamentary elec- Sect. 23. tions other than university elections (c). As to sufr-sectwn (1). By sect. 13 (1) of the present Act "it shall be the duty of the regis- tration officer ... to place or cause to be placed on the register in accordance with the rules set out in the First Schedule to this Act the names of those entitled to vote as parliamentary electors ... in his registration area." The rules in the First Schedule bearing directly 011 the provisions of sect. 23 (1) are rules 16 and 17 (J), which are as follows : "16. Any person entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector may, not later than the eighteenth day of February (e) where the claim is for the spring register (/), and the eighteenth day of August (e) where the claim is for the autumn register (g), claim to be placed on the absent voters list; and the registration officer, if satis- fied that there is a probability that the claimant, by reason of the nature of his occupation, service, or employment, may be debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections held during (c] As to voting by absent voters at university elections other than Scottish university elections, see sect. 36 (1) and (3) (b), and Fifth Schedule, Part I., cl. 12; as to such voting at Scottish university elections, see sect. 36 (1) and (3) (b) and Fifth Schedule, Part II., cl. 1723. (d] See also rules 18 and 19 set out on p. 346, infra. (e] It is important to notice that as regards the first register to be prepared under the Act, 3 1st July is substitued for this date. See Order in Council, dated June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, and Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra. (/) See pp. 125129, supra, (g] See pp. 125129, mpra. F. 12 178 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. the time the register is in force, shall place the claimant (if registered) on the absent voters list. " 17. It shall be the duty of the registration officer, without any claim being made for the purpose, to place on the absent voters list any naval or military voter (0), unless (a) that person, not later than the eighteenth day of February (k) as respects the spring register, and the eighteenth day of Au- gust (k) as respects the autumn register, gives notice (I) to the registration officer that he does not desire to be placed upon that list ; or (b) that person is registered, in pursuance of a claim (m) for the purpose, for the con- stituency in which he has an actual residence qualification " (n). It will be seen from the above rules that the persons whose names are entered on the absent voters list will be (i) any person entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector who claims to be placed on the absent voters list and whose claim the registration officer allows ; and (ii) any person who being a naval or military voter (0) does not fall within the exceptions mentioned in rule 17 (a) and (b). As to the words in sub-section (1), where an (k) As regards the first register, 17th August is substituted for this date. See p. 177, footnote (e), supra. (1} No form of notice is prescribed. (771) See p. 569, infra. (n) See pp. 9193, supr-i. (o) As to what constitutes a naval or military voter, see pp. 79 85, supra. MEANING OF u DAY OF ELECTION." 179 election is contested, as soon as practicable after sect. 23. the adjournment of the election. It is of course only where an election is contested that sect. 23 is applicable ; but in order to render the meaning of this sub-section clear it is thought desirable to state shortly the duty of the returning officer with respect to the fixing of the day of election, and, if the election be contested, the day of taking the poll. The expression " day of election " in the Ballot Act, 1872, really means the day appointed for the nomination of candidates (p). In the event of there not being more candidates than there are vacancies, such candidates are on such day declared elected (q). If, on the other hand, there are more candidates than there are vacancies, i.e. if the election is contested, it is the duty of the returning officer to adjourn the election for the purpose of taking a poll (r). The day of election in its popular sense is therefore the day upon which the poll is taken (which in this Note is hereafter called the day of the poll), and not " the day of election " as used in the Ballot Act. The " day of election " in the sense which it bears in the Ballot Act (i.e., the day fixed for re- ceiving nominations) is now, at a general election, in all constituencies other than university constitu- encies, the eighth day after the date of the procla- (/>) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1, and First Schedule, Part L, rr. 1, 2 ; and see sect. 21 (1) of the present Act (p. 161, supra], where what is called in the Ballot Act " day of election " is described as above. (q) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. (r) Ibid., and First Schedule, Part I., r. 9. 12(2) 180 . REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. mation declaring the calling of the new Parliament. The day of the poll is now, at a general election, the ninth day after the " day of election" (s). At a bye-election, the "day of election" is, in the case of an election for a county, such day as the returning officer may fix, not later than the ninth day after the day on which he receives the writ, and, in the case of an election for a borough, not later than the fourth day after the day on which he receives the writ (), and the day of the poll is such day as the returning officer may appoint, not being less than four or more than eight clear days after the day fixed as " the day of election " (u). It follows from what is said above that the period which elapses between the adjournment of the election and the day of the poll is, in the case of a general election, nine days, and, in the case of a bye-election, not less than four or more than eight days, The returning officer must send the ballot paper to the absent voter as soon as prac- ticable after the commencement of this period. As to the words in sect. 23 (1). send a ballot paper to each such person at the address re- corded by the registration officer, rule 19 of the Registration Rules provides that " The registration officer shall keep a record of any address which may be furnished to him by any person placed on the absent voters list, or by the Admiralty, Army Council, Air Council or Board of Trade, as the address which is to be for () See sect. 21, pp. 161 162, supra, and pp. 162 163. (*) Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, Part I., r. 2. (M) See sect. 21 (1), p. 161, supra, also Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, Part I., r. 14. REGISTRATION OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. the time being the address of the voter for the Sect. 23. purpose of the provisions relating to voting by absent voters and, as soon as practicable, shall cause instructions to be sent to the voter as to the mode of voting under those provisions. " The record of addresses shall be open to in- spection under the same conditions that govern the register " (x). As to the words a declaration of identity in the prescribed form, the word " prescribed " means " prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council " (y), but up to the time of going to press no form has been prescribed. In order to assist the registration officer in the registration of naval and military voters, rule 18 of the Registration Rules provides that 1 i The Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Air Council, either directly or through officers appointed by them, shall in the prescribed manner furnish to the registration officers in the several constituencies such information as to the names and addresses of Naval and Military voters (z) and such other particulars as may be necessary for the purpose of their registration and of their voting as such, and it shall be the duty of the Local Government Board to render any assistance that may be required by the Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Air Council in conveying such information to the registration officers : " Provided that the Admiralty, Army Council, () See Rule 27, p. 349, infra. (V) See sect. 41 (11), p. 308, infra. (z) See pp. 7985, supra. 182 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. and Air Council shall not be required to supply any particulars which in their declared opinion would interfere with the proper conduct of the war." As to sub-sec lion (2). The ballot paper marked by the absent voter. This, of course, refers to a ballot paper (a) which has been sent to the absent voter in pursuance of the provisions of sect. 23(1). As to the declaration of identity, see p. 181, supra. if it is received by the returning officer before the close of the poll. By the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, Part I., rule 32, " the returning officer shall make arrangements for counting the votes in the presence of the agents of the candidates as soon as practicable after the close of the poll." It will be seen, therefore, that subject to the provisions of sub-sect. (3) the time allowed for an absent voter to receive his ballot paper and return it to the returning officer is very short (b). be counted by him and treated for all pur- poses in the same manner as a ballot paper placed in the ballot box in the ordinary manner. The procedure here referred to which the re- turning officer must adopt with regard to the counting of ballot papers is prescribed by the second paragraph of sect. 2 of the Ballot Act, 1872, and rules 31 to 38 (c) of the First Schedule (a) See also pp. 182200, infra. (6) See Note on the meaning of the words ' ' as soon as practicable after the adjournment of the election " on pp. 179 180, supra. (c) Set out at pp. 687689, infra. RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. to that Act. It will be seen that by rule 34 the Sect. 23 returning officer must mix the absent voters' ballot papers with the other ballot papers before counting the votes. The only matter under these rules which appears to call for special consideration here is that dealt with by rule 36, which is as follows : " The returning officer shall endorse ' rejected' on any ballot paper which he may reject as invalid, and shall add to the endorsement 4 rejection ob- jected to,' if an objection be in fact made by any agent to his decision. The returning officer shall report to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery the number of ballot papers rejected arid not counted by him under the several heads of, ' 4 ( 1 ) Want of official mark ; Voting for more candidates than entitled . "(3) Writing or mark by which voter could be identified ; " (4) Unmarked or void for uncertainty ; and shall on request allow any agents of the can- didates, before such report is sent, to copy it." " The questions here raised," said Lord Neaves in Wig town (d\ "are important and delicate on this account in particular, viz., that while a certain form of exercising the franchise is pointed out in the statute on the subject, some deviations from the strict letter of the directions therein contained may be so trifling as to be immaterial, while others may be more serious, and thus may be fatal. The merits of each vote, therefore, may (>!} (1874), 2 0. & H. 220, 221. 184 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. turn on questions of degree, which it is always difficult to distinguish, as the one class may run almost imperceptibly into the other. This is the old puzzle as to how many grains of corn make a heap, or at what stage a little tiling grows into a big one. " In this state of matters the important point is to look to the great objects and principles of the statute, and to take care that we do every- thing necessary to follow these out, and nothing that can defeat or endanger them. " The great object in view, I take it, in the Ballot Act is the double result of facility in the exercise of the franchise and perfect secrecy as to the vote of individual voters. This double purpose is by the Act sought to be accomplished by not allowing a vote to be given viva voce, as it used to be, nor in writing (properly speaking), in either of which cases secrecy would be impossible, or would be imperilled, for by writing, though not setting forth the writer's name, yet through the comparatio literarum the writer might be dis- covered. Nor would it have done, perhaps, to leave the voter to put any mark he pleased to show the candidate for whom he voted. A mark has been pointed out and represented in the statutory directions, that of a cross, thus, X- It is, I think, a mark well devised for the purpose, easy of execu- tion by men of the most moderate intelligence, and at the same time perfectly neutral in its character, so as to be practically incapable of betraying its authorship by its appearance. I think it is scarcely possible that a ballot paper RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 185 strictly in terms of the statute should lead to the Sect. 23. voter's identification, one /man's cross being in general indistinguishable from another man's." It is important to notice, as was pointed out in the considered judgment of the Court in the case of Woodward v. Sarsons(d), that " the rules in the 1st Schedule of the Ballot Act and the forms in the 2nd Schedule are directory enactments, as distinguished from the absolute enactments in the section in the body of the Act, and that, while the general rule is that an absolute enactment must be obeyed or fulfilled exactly, it is sufficient if a directory enactment be obeyed or fulfilled sub- stantially. The second section enacts, as to what the voter shall do, that ' the voter, having secretly marked his vote on the paper, and folded it up so as to conceal his vote, shall place it in an enclosed box.' This is all that is said in the body of the Act about what the voter shall do with the ballot paper. That which is absolute, therefore, is that the voter shall mark his paper secretly (e). How he shall mark it is in the directory part of the statute. . . . The result seems to be, as to writing or mark on the ballot paper, that if there be sub- stantially a want of any mark, or a mark which leaves it uncertain whether the voter intended to (d) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. at pp. 746, 747, 748. (e) If this provision is infringed, the vote will be void, and a similarly strict compliance with all the other requirements of sect. 2 is necessary. Thus a vote will be void if the ballot paper has no official mark on it (Wigtoivn (1874), 2 0. & H. 215) or if it is filled up in such a way as to lead to the identification of the voter. See sect. 2 of the Ballot Act, 1872, and Sched. 2, which is made part of such Act by sect. 28 : Woodivard v. Sarsons (1875), L. R. 10 C. P. 747. 180 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect, aa. vote at all or for which candidate he intended ta vote, or if there be marks indicating that the voter- has voted for too many candidates, or a writing or a mark by which the voter can be identified, then the ballot paper is void, and is not to be counted ; or, to put the matter affirmatively, the paper must be marked so as to show that the voter intended to vote for someone, and so as to show for which of the candidates he intended to vote. It must not be marked so as to show that he intended to vote for more candidates than he is entitled to vote for, nor so as to leave it uncertain whether he intended to vote at all or for which candidate he intended to vote, nor so as to make it possible, by seeing the paper itself, or by reference to- other available facts, to identify the way in which he has voted (/). If these requirements are sub- stantially fulfilled, then there is no enactment and no rule of law by which a ballot paper can be treated as void, though the other directions in the statute are not strictly obeyed. If these require- ments are not substantially fulfilled the ballot paper is void, and should not be counted ; and if it is counted, it should be struck out on a scrutiny. The decision in each case is upon a point of fact, to be decided first by the returning officer, and afterwards by the election tribunal, on petition.' 7 1 . Want of official mark. " It is quite sufficient if there is sucli evidence of the official mark, whether it is perforated (/) See also the observations of Ghannell, J., in Exeter (1911), 6 O. & H. at p. 232. RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 187 through the paper, whether the ink is caused to Sect. vs. run through the paper so as to indicate the official mark, or whether the stamp is applied, but fails to make a perfect mark. In all such cases, if there be evidence that the presiding officer has intended to make, and has in fact made, what, fairly looked at, indicates that a recognisable official mark is upon the back of the ballot paper, votes marked upon such papers ought to be held good votes in the absence of any other substantial objection(^)." 2. Voting for more candidates than entitled to. " If there be marks indicating that the voter has voted for too many candidates . . . then the ballot paper is void and is not to be counted. ... The paper must not be marked so as to show that he intended to vote for more candidates than he is entitled to vote for " (k). If it is so marked " the ballot paper is void and should not be counted ; arid if it is counted, it should be struck off on a scrutiny " (k}. 3. Writing or mark />// which the voter could be identified. The fact that the marks are such as might lead to the identification of the voter is not sufficient to vitiate and render void the vote. The mark must be a mark by which the voter can (not might possibly) be identified. Whether the mark is such is a matter of fact. It is an in- (g) Per Hawkins, J., in C'irenccstrr (1893), 4 O. & H. at p. 196. (A) Per cnriam in Woodward v. Sarsons (1875), L. B. 10 0. P. at p. 748. See also Phillips v. f/o/(1886), 17 Q. B. D. 814. But see as to a university election held according to the principle of proportional representation, pp. 160 161, and 158 160, snpr. 188 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. fi_??*_ sufficient objection that the marks referred to might possibly afford a clue to the identification of the voter" (i). 4. Unmarked or void for uncertainty. The Courts appear to have placed a more rigid and technical interpretation on the language of the statute in the earlier than in the later cases. Thus in Wigtown (k) Lord Neaves said : " I think it essential to a good vote that the voter should make the cross thus pointed out, and that any mark materially different would be a deviation from what is prescribed, and a failure to fulfil the requirements of the statute. For anyone to put, instead of a cross, a circle or an oval, or any other geometrical or anomalous figure, would not be a compliance with the law, independently of the consideration that such a plain and wilful departure from what was intended would suggest strongly the suspicion that some sinister purpose was intended." Again, in Stepney Division (I) counsel objected to a vote on the ground that the voter had put a circle instead of a cross and that by this it might be identified; he cited Wigtotun(m}. Denman, J., said (n) : " The question here is whether a ballot paper is good in which the voter, instead of making a cross or a mark of the ordinary kind straight (i) See the observations of Hawkins, J., in Cirencester (1893), 4 0. & H. at p. 198. (k) (1874), 2 O. & H. at pp. 220, 221. (I) (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 37. (m) (1874), 2 0. &H. 215. (n) Stepney Division (1886), 4 O. & H. at pp. 37, 38. RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 189 with his pen, deliberately makes a circle. If a Sect, as. man does that, he really must do it either with some sinister object, or it is so perversely and absurdly in deviation from the directions of the Ballot Act as to make it a case in which he ought really to be held to have thrown away his vote. If he does it with the sinister object of having his vote known, then he has forfeited his vote because he has violated the Ballot Act. If he does it purposely and one cannot understand a man supposing that a cross is a circle he has done it perversely, and done it in such a way as again to legitimately forfeit his vote. If he does it pur- posely, knowing that his vote may be thrown away, then he really has not indicated his inten- tion to vote for the candidate against whose name he has placed the mark ; so that in any case there is no good ground for holding that a circle is a cross within the meaning of the Ballot Act." The vote was struck off. The attention of the Court in this case does not appear to have been drawn to the important deci- sion of the Court of Common Pleas in Woodward v. Sarsons (0), but having regard to that case and to later decisions, it is respectfully submitted that the observations of Lord Neaves cited above do not correctly state the law, and that the decision of the Court in Stepney Division must now be regarded as overruled. In Woodward v. Sarsons ( p ) it was laid down that any mark which sufficiently indicates for (o) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. 733. (p) Ibid, at p. 748. 190 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. whom the vote is given, so long as it is not such as to enable the voter to be identified, is good. The following modes of marking were held good(y) in the absence of evidence of connivance or pre- arrangement : (a) Two or three crosses instead of one. (b) A straight vertical line instead of a cross. (c) A straight stroke in addition to a cross. (d) A letter P in addition to a cross. (e) An oblique line instead of a cross. (f ) A star instead of a cross. (g) A pencil line drawn through the name of one candidate and a cross opposite that of another. (h) A cross placed on the left instead of the right-hand side of the candidate's name. Some of these decisions are in conflict with some of the decisions of the majority of the judges in the Scottish Court of Session in Wig- town (r)j and in regard to this Lord Coleridge, C.J., in delivering the considered judgment of the Court in Woodward v. Sarsons (s) said : " We are aware that, in so applying the prin- ciples which we have deduced from the statute, we are acting apparently in opposition to some of the decisions in the Wigtown case(^) ; but there may have been evidence in that case which does not exist in the present case, and which made many of the marks there marks of identification, which the mere presence of such marks here does (q) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. at p. 749. (r) (1874), 2 O. & H. 215. () (1875), L. E. 10 0. P. at p. 750. (t) (1874), 2 O. & II. 215, 227 ; 1 Court of Sess. Cases, 4th Series, 925, 231 , sub wow. Haswett v. Stewart. RULES A8 TO BALLOT PAPERS. 191 not do. If this was not so, we respectfully differ Sect. 83. from the strict view taken by the majority of the learned judges who decided that case, and adhere to the view of Lord Benholme given in that case." In 1876 a Select Committee of the House of Commons, appointed to inquire into the working of the Ballot Act, reported that in their opinion "no ballot paper should be rejected unless it appears clearly to the returning officer that the obligatory portion of the Act has not been com- plied with ; and that the marking of the ballot paper in a manner not in accordance with the * directions ' should not cause its rejection, unless it appears to the returning officer that such de- parture from the directions has been for the pur- pose of identification, or would necessarily afford an opportunity for such identification being effected, or unless the returning officer is unable to determine for whom the voter intended to vote." The Committee further suggested that the Home Office should forward to every return- ing officer the case and judgment in Woodward v. Sarsons (u). In the later case of BucJcrose (#), where a vote was objected to on the ground that the ballot paper had been marked with a circle instead of a cross, the vote was allowed. Pollock, B., said(y): "I should have myself no doubt about this case but for the remarks of my brother Den- () Par. Pap. 162 of 1876, p. iv. (a) (1886), 4 O. & H. 110. (y) Ibid, at p. 112. 192 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. man (2), which one must take to have been en- tirely assented to by my brother Field, inasmuch as he did not dissent from them, but we have not before us the precise character of the circle in that case. It may have been something very accurate as a circle, and it may have indicated more education and mental power than is in- dicated by such figures as we find here, and therefore I cannot consider that that case is a binding authority upon us with reference to thi& particular ballot paper. So far as the Scotch authority goes it is not binding upon us. But now let us look at the plain intention which is indicated by the statute itself." After referring to the 2nd section of the Ballot Act, 1872, and the 2nd Schedule to that Act, the learned Baron continued: "It is in the schedule that for the first time you have an indication that it shall be by a cross. When you get to the form the same thing is indicated, and the only question is whether that cross, in the form of a cross sub- stantially, is essential to a good vote. It has been already held that if it be a cross with a mark across it like an X, or like a Winchester cross, and a good many figures of that kind, then it would be perfectly good. This is not a cross ; but is it such a departure from a cross as to in- dicate any intention on the part of the voter otherwise than to record his vote for the person whose name is opposite the bad cross ? I cannot myself think that that is so. For my part, I think this is a good vote." (z) In Stepney Division (1886), 4 0. & H. at pp. 37, 38. RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. Smith, J., concurred, holding that the case Sect. 83. came within the principle of Woodward v. Sar- so?is (), and that the ballot paper was marked in such a way as to show that the voter intended to vote for the candidate opposite whose name he had placed the mark in question. In Buckrose(b) counsel objected to a vote on the ground that the only mark on the paper was a cross made upon the name of Mr. S., in such a way as to make it appear possible that he intended to strike the name out. The vote was disallowed. In the same case() a vote was objected to on the ground that the cross had been put, not opposite to either of the candidates' names, but in the right-hand top corner of the ballot paper above the line. The Court, following the opinion of Hawkins, J., in Berwick (c] and of the Court in Stepney Division (d\ held that the vote was void for uncertainty. * A vote was also objected to by counsel on the ground that the figure 33 had been written upon the back of the ballot paper. The Court, in the absence of any evidence showing that the voter could be identified by the writing, allowed the vote(fl?), following the decision of Field, J., in Stepney Division (e). In BucJcrose, the same case(d), a ballot paper (a) (1875), L. R. 10 0. P. 733. (6) (1886), 40. &H. at p. 112. (c) (1880), 3 O. & H. at p. 182. (d) (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 111. (e) (1886), 4 0. & H. 40. F. 13 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect, as. had been rejected by the returning officer which had been marked upon the back opposite the name of one of the candidates, and it was contended that, inasmuch as the mark could be seen through the paper without turning it over, it was a good vote. Pollock, B., said() Ibid, at pp. 736, 749; Wigtown (1874), 2 0. & H. at pp. 216, 217 ; Exeter (1911), 6 0. & H. at pp. 229231. (q) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 2. (r) (1911), 6 0. & H. at pp. 256, 257. RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 199 JJ., and it may be useful to refer to the following Sect. 23. decisions of the Court : Crosses outside the proper vote-space, but well opposite the candidate's name, were allowed to him. A cross in the margin altogether underneath the candidate's name-space was disallowed to him ; but one in the right-hand margin altogether out- side that space and the proper vote-space, but partly parallel with them and partly beneath them, was allowed to him. A very faint cross in the candidate's name- space was allowed to the candidate (s). A cross immediately under the space for the 2 in the number column (i.e. the candidate's number), wholly in the bottom margin, was disallowed to the candidate, but a cross slightly within that space was allowed to him. All crosses opposite the words " Ballot Paper," which were printed in the top margin, immediately over all the spaces where the crosses were wholly outside those spaces, were disallowed, but where part of the cross extended into the proper vote- space for the candidate it was allowed. A cross in the top margin, but extending slightly into the candidate's number-space (i.e. 1), was allowed to him. A confused mark in the proper vote -space for the candidate was allowed to the candidate (t). (s) See also Exeter (1911), 6 0. & H. at p. 228. (*) Ibid, at p. 229. 200 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. A faint mark (not a cross) against the can- didate's name was allowed to him. A cross across the dividing line between the candidates' name-spaces, but mostly in the upper space, was allowed to the candidate whose name was in the upper space. A cross across the dividing line between the spaces in the number column, but mostly in the upper space (i.e. 1), was disallowed to the can- didate whose name was in the upper space. The whole of the paper and print relating to one candidate had been torn off and missing, but there was a cross in the proper vote-space for the other candidate disallowed. A cross on the left-hand margin opposite, but wholly outside of, the candidate's number-space was allowed to him. A cross on the right-hand margin opposite, but wholly outside of, the candidate's proper voting- space was allowed to him. The decision of the returning officer as to any question arising in respect of any ballot paper is final, subject to reversal on petition questioning the election or return (). As to sub-section (3) of sect. 23. If an Order in Council is issued under this sub-section, it will affect the provisions of sub-section (2), dealt with on p. 182, supra. As to sub-section (4). This sub-section deals with voting by proxy, which is the second of the two methods provided in sect. 23 by which absent voters can vote. (u) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 2. VOTING BY PROXY. 201 Sub-section (4) (a) provides that His Majesty sect. 23 may by Order in Council permit naval or military voters to vote by proxy when the locality abroad where they are performing their duties is so far distant from the United Kingdom or so incon- veniently situated that the method of voting provided by sect. 23 (1), (2), (3) is impracticable. By Order in Council, dated June 25th, 1918 (v), voting by proxy is permitted in all areas on land outside the British Islands except areas in France and Belgium. Sub-section (4) (b) states the conditions upon which an absent voter is entitled to exercise the right of voting by proxy. These conditions are that he must satisfy the registration officer that he comes within the provisions of sub-section (4) (b) (i) or (b) (ii). As to the meaning of the words a naval or military voter in (4) (b) (i), and his right to vote, see pp. 79 94, supra. As to the word afloat, by sect. 41 (10) this " shall be interpreted in accordance with the rules (a;) made for the purpose by the Admi- ralty." As to the words in any area on land abroad in which voting by proxy is permitted in pur- suance of an Order in Council made under this section, this of course refers to the areas men- tioned above, i.e., to all areas outside the British Islands except areas in France and Belgium. (v) Set out on p. 753, infra. (x) For these rules, see p. 628, infra. 202 KEPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 23. The persons described in (4) (b) (ii) fall within one of the classes of " naval or military voters n within the meaning of sect. 5 (3) (ii) (a)(#). As to the meaning of the words to appoint a proxy, see the Third Schedule to the present Act, clauses 1, 3 and 4, p. 359, infra. As to the words to vote by proxy at a par- liamentary election in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this Act, see the Third Schedule to the present Act, clauses 5 to 15, pp. 360362, infra. As to sub-section (4) (c), a returning officer shall not send a ballot paper for the purpose of voting by post under sect. 23 (1) to any person who has appointed a proxy while the appointment is in force, and it provides further that no such ballot paper shall be sent to any naval or military voter if the returning officer knows that he is serving in any area which comes within sect. 23 (4) (a), whether such naval or military voter has ap- pointed a proxy or not. As to sub-section (4) (d), the Third Schedule to this Act is set out on pp. 359 362, infra. As to sub-section (5). This sub-section provides that a person whose name is entered on the absent voters list shall not be entitled to vote except under sect. 23 (1), (2), (3), by sending a ballot paper to the returning officer, or under sect. 23 (4) by proxy; in other words, a person on the absent voters list is not allowed to vote by placing the ballot paper in the ballot box in the ordinary manner. (y] Set out at pp. 77 78, and see pp. 79 85, supra. VOTING BY EMPLOYEES OF RETURNING OFFICERS. There appears to be nothing in the Act to pre Sect. 23 vent a person being placed on the absent voters list in respect of his qualification in two or more constituencies (0). An absent voter registered in more than one constituency can exercise his or her right to vote in each such constituency pro- vided that the voter does not vote for more con- stituencies than he or she is entitled to vote for under sect, 8 (!)(). As to sub-section (6). An Order in Council prescribing forms and making regulations with regard to proxy papers will be found on pp. 754757, i n f raf 24. Where an elector for any constitu- voting by . . . persons in the eney (other than a university constituency) is employment i m i of returning employed by the returning officer for that officers. constituency for any purpose in connection with an election for that constituency, and the circumstances of that elector's employ- ment are, in the opinion of the returning officer, such as to prevent him from voting at the polling station at which the elector would otherwise be entitled to vote, the returning officer may authorise the elector, by a certificate given in the prescribed form, to vote at any other polling station in the constituency, and that polling station shall, for the purpose of Rule 18 of Part I. of the (z] See pp. 85 96, supra. (a] See pp. 100101, 108110, supru. 204 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect 24. First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, be deemed to be the polling station allotted to that elector. NOTE. in the opinion of the returning officer. -It would appear that the opinion of the return- ing officer would be conclusive on the matter in question. at the polling station at which the elector would otherwise be entitled to vote. By Rule 1 5 of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, u at every polling place the returning officer shall provide a sufficient number of polling stations for the accommodation of the electors entitled to vote at such polling place, and shall distribute the polling stations amongst those electors in such manner as he thinks most convenient " a certificate given in the prescribed form. By sect. 41 (11) * prescribed " means prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council. At the date of going to press the form of certificate here mentioned has not been prescribed. that polling station shall for the purpose of Rule 18 of Part I. of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, be deemed to be the polling station allotted to that elector. Rule 18 here referred to is as follows: " No person shall be admitted to vote at any polling station except the one allotted to him." Right to the use of elementary schools. 25. (1) A candidate at a parliamentary election (other than a university election) shall be entitled, for the purpose of holding USE OF SCHOOLS FOR PUBLIC MEETINGS. 205 a public meeting in furtherance of his can- Sect - 25 didature, to the use at reasonable times be- tween the receipt of a writ for the election and the day of the poll, of a suitable room in any public elementary school situated within the constituency for which he is a candidate : Provided that this enactment shall not authorise the use of any room used as part of a private dwelling-house nor authorise any interference with the school hours of an elementary day or evening school. (2) A charge may be made to cover any actual and necessary expenses incurred by the local education authority, or by the managers of the school, in respect of the preparation of the room before the meeting for the purposes of the meeting, and after the meeting for school purposes, and for warming, lighting, and cleaning the room. (3) If by reason of the use of any room under this Act any damage is done to the school-house, or to the furniture, fittings, or apparatus, the damage shall be defrayed by the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the meeting is convened. NOTE. A candidate at a parliamentary elec- tion. It is submitted that although the context of these words in the above section is different to that of the similar words in sect. 34 (1) of 206 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 25. the present Act, the meaning of these words is the same as that which they bear in the latter section (a). between the receipt of a writ for the election and the day of the poll. See pp. 179, 180, supra. As to sub-section (2), the charge referred to must be included in the candidate's election expenses. See below. As to the words in sub-section (3), the damage shall be defrayed by the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the meeting is convened, It is submitted that " the person ... on whose behalf . . . the meeting is convened," can only mean the candidate. Bysect. 34 (1): " A per- son other than the election agent of a candidate shall not incur any expenses on account of holding public meetings . . . for the purpose of promoting or procuring the election of any candidate at a parliamentary election unless he is authorised in writing to do so by such election agent " ; and by sect. 34 (3), " any expenses incurred on account of any such purpose as aforesaid and authorised by the election agent of the candidate shall be duly returned as part of the candidate's election expenses." It is submitted, however, that the "damage" mentioned in sect. 25 (3) does not come within sect. 34 (3), and need not be returned as part of the candidate's election expenses (#), as such damage does not fall under " expenses incurred on account of ... such purpose." (a) See pp. 269270, 272273, infra. ($) See p. 264, infra. DEPOSIT BY CANDIDATES. 207 As regards Scotland, the expression any public _Sect. 25. elementary school, in sect. 25 of the present Act, means " any school in receipt of a parlia- mentary grant " (c). Sect. 25 does not apply to Ireland (d[). 26. (1) A candidate at a parliamentary Deposit by election, or someone on his behalf, shall parHamentary deposit, or cause to be deposited, with the returning officer, during the time appointed for the election, the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, and, if he fails to do so, he shall be deemed to be withdrawn within the provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872. (2) The deposit may be made by the deposit of any legal tender or, with the consent of the returning officer, in any other manner. (3) If after the deposit is made the candi- date is withdrawn in pursuance of the pro- visions of the Ballot Act, 1872, the deposit shall be returned to the person by whom the deposit was made ; and if the candidate dies after the deposit is made, and before the poll is commenced, the deposit, if made by him, shall be returned to his legal personal representative, or, if not made by him, shall be returned to the person by whom the deposit was made. (c) Sect. 43 (10), p. 319, infra. (d) Sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 208 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 26. NOTE. As to the words in sub-section ( 1 ), during" the time appointed for the election. By rule 4 of Part I. of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, u the time appointed for the election shall be such two hours between the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon as may be appointed by the returning officer, and the re- turning officer shall attend during those two hours and for one hour after.' 7 The hours here referred to are hours of the day which is called in the Ballot Act "the day of election," i.e., the day fixed for receiving nominations (c). shall be deemed to be withdrawn within the provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872. The pro- visions here referred to are the following, con- tained in sect. 1 of the Ballot Act, 1872 : " A candidate may, during the time appointed for the election, but not afterwards, withdraw from his candidature by giving a notice to that effect, signed by him, to the returning officer: Provided that the proposer of a candidate nomi- nated in his absence out of the United Kingdom may withdraw such candidate by a written notice signed by him and delivered to the returning officer, together with a written declaration of such absence of the candidate." As to the words in sub-section (3), If after the deposit is made the candidate is withdrawn in pursuance of the provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872. These provisions are those set out imme- diately above. (c) See Ballot Act, 1872, 8. 1, First Schedule, Part I., r. 2, and pp. 179180, supra. FORFEITURE OF CANDIDATE'S DEPOSIT. 209 It should be observed that sect. 26 applies to a Sect - 2Q - university election ( d). 27. (1) If a candidate who has made Forfeiture of the required deposit is not elected, and the certain easet, number of votes polled by him does not exceed, in the case of a constituency return- ing one or two members, one-eighth of the total number of votes polled, or in the case of a constituency returning more than two members one-eighth of the number of votes polled divided by the number of members to be elected, the amount deposited shall be forfeited to His Majesty ; but in any other case that amount shall be returned to the candidate, where the candidate is elected, as soon as he has taken the oath as a member, and, where the candidate is not elected, as soon as practicable after the result of the election is declared : Provided that where a candidate is nomi- nated at a general election in more than one constituency he shall in no case recover his deposit more than once, and in . such case the deposits shall be forfeited to His Majesty except such one as the Treasury direct to be returned to the candidate. (2) For the purposes of this section the (d} See sect. 36 (2), p. 279, infra. F. 14 210 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 27 number of votes polled shall be deemed to be the number of ballot papers (other than spoilt ballot papers) counted ; and where the election is held under the system of the transferable vote the number of votes polled by a candidate shall be the number of votes polled by him as first preferences. NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), the required deposit. As to this, see the preceding section set out on p. 207, supra. the amount deposited shall be forfeited to His Majesty. It should be noticed that by sect. 36 (3) (c) the deposit of a candidate for a uni- versity constituency when forfeited is to be re- tained by the university (e). As to the words in sub-section (2), the number of votes polled shall be deemed to be the number of ballot papers (other than spoilt ballot papers) counted. As to counting ballot papers, see pp. 182 200, supra. As to spoilt ballot papers, see Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, rule 28, p. 687, infra. where the election is held under the system of the transferable vote the number of votes polled by a candidate shall be the number of votes polled by him as first preferences. The elections here referred to are contested elections for university constituencies where there are two or more members to be elected (/). () See p. 280, infra. (/) See sect. 20 (1), p. 155, and pp. 160161, supra. RETURNING OFFICERS. 211 As to "the system of the transferable vote" Sect. 27. and "first preferences," see pp. 158 160, supra. 28. The returning officer at a parlia- Returning mentary election (other than a university election) shall, notwithstanding anything in any other Act, be : (1) In the case of a parliamentary county which is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one adminis- trative county, the sheriff; (2) In the case of a parliamentary borough which is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, a county of a city or town having a sheriff, the sheriff, and in the case of the City of London, the sheriffs ; (3) In the case of a parliamentary borough which is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one municipal borough (not being a county of a city or town having a sheriff), or one metropolitan borough, or one urban district, the mayor or chair- man of the council, as the case requires; and (4) In any other case, such sheriff, mayor, or chairman, as may be designated for the purpose by the Local Government Board. 14(2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 28. NOTE. (other than a university election). As to the returning officer at a university election, see pp. 364, 373, infra. Returning By sect. 43 (13) (g] of the Act it is provided that Scotland! sect. 28, set out above, shall not apply to Scotland, and that in lieu thereof the following provisions shall apply : " The returning officer at parliamentary elec- tions (other than a university election) shall as heretofore be the sheriff of the sheriffdom within which the constituency is wholly situated or, where the constituency is situated in more than one sheriffdom, the sheriff specified in the Seventh Schedule to this Act " (h). Returning By sect. 44 (10) (i) of the Act, sect. 28, set out ireiand. m above, does not apply to Ireland. In Ireland, therefore, the law as to the persons who are to be returning officers remains the same after the passing of the present Act as it was before. Accordingly the following persons are to be return- ing officers in Ireland : In a county, county of a city, or county of a town, the sheriff for such county, county of a city, or county of a town is the returning officer. In a division of any such county, or county of city or town, which is a separate constituency (/), the sheriff of such county, county of a city or town is the returning officer. Where the sheriff is returning officer for more (g) Set out at pp. 321322, infra. (7i) See p. 391, -infra. (t) Set out at pp. 333334, infra. (/) 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 45, s. 66. RETURNING OFFICERS IN IRELAND. 213 than one county, as defined for the purposes of sct. 28. parliamentary elections i.e., in counties divided for the purpose of parliamentary representation he may, by writing under his hand, appoint a fit person to be his deputy for all or any of the purposes relating to an election in any such county, arid may, by himself or such deputy, exercise any powers and do any things which the returning officer is authorised or required to exercise or do in relation to such election (Jc). Where the sheriff of a county dies before the expiration of his year of office or before he is lawfully superseded, the under- sheriff by him appointed shall nevertheless continue in office, and shall, until another sheriff is appointed for the said county and has made the declaration of office, execute the office of sheriff, in the name of the deceased sheriff, and be answerable for the execution of the said office as the deceased sheriff would by law have been if living (I). Where the sheriff of a county of a city, or a county of a town, dies or becomes incapable of performing the duties of his office, the council of the said city or town shall forthwith appoint another fit person to execute the office (m). In municipal boroughs, other than cities and towns being counties of themselves, the mayor is the returning officer (ri). (k] Ballot Act, 1872, s. 8. (!) Sheriffs Act, 1887, 8. 25 (1). (,/?) Ibid. s. 36 (1). () 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84. 214 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 28. If, when a mayor is required to act as returning' officer, he is absent, or incapable of acting, or* there is no mayor, the council must forthwith choose an alderman to be returning officer (0). In boroughs in which there is no mayor and which are not counties of cities or towns, the returning officer is the sheriff of the county in which the whole or greatest part of the borough is situate (p\ Whenever from temporary vacancy or some other cause there is no person duly qualified to perform the duties of returning officer for . a borough, city, or town, the sheriff of the county in which such place is situate is charged with the execution of the writ, and must do all things incidental to the office of returning officer. He must not receive or execute any writ, however, unless there shall be no person legally qualified and competent to act as returning officer in such borough (q). Payment of returning officers' expenses by Treasury. " 29. (1) The returning officer at a par- liamentary election (other than a university election) shall be entitled to his reasonable charges, not exceeding the sums specified in the scale of maximum charges framed under this section, in respect of services and ex- penses of the several kinds mentioned in the (o) 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84. (p) 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84 ; 22 Viet. c. 14, s. 1. (?) 25 & 26 Viet. c. 92, s. 3. PAYMENT OF RETURNING OFFICERS' EXPENSES. 415 said scale which have been properly rendered sect. 29. or incurred by him for the purposes of or in connexion with the election. (2) The amount of any such charges shall be paid by the Treasury out of moneys pro- vided by Parliament on an account being submitted to the Treasury in accordance with regulations made under this section ; but the Treasury may, if they think fit, before payment apply to the court as defined by this section for the taxation of the account, and the court shall have jurisdiction to tax the account in such manner and at such time and place as the court thinks fit, and finally to determine the amount payable to the returning officer. On the request of the returning officer for an advance on account of his charges, the Treasury may, if they think fit, and on such terms as they think fit, make such an ad- vance. (3) Where an application is made for the taxation of a returning officer's account, the returning officer may apply to the court to examine any claim made by any person against him in respect of matters charged in the account ; and the court, after notice given to the claimant and after giving him an opportunity to be heard and to tender 216 KEPKKSENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Of sect. 29. any evidence, may allow or disallow or re- duce the claim objected to, with or without costs ; and the determination of the court shall be final for all purposes and as against all persons. (4) The Treasury shall prescribe a scale of maximum charges for the purposes of this section and may revise the scale as and when they think fit, and may also make regula- tions as to the time when and manner and form in which accounts are to be rendered to them for the purpose of the payment of the charges. (5) The court for the purposes of this section shall be, as respects an election in the City of London, the Mayor's Court ; and elsewhere in England and in Ireland the county court having jurisdiction at the place of nomination for the election to which the proceedings relate ; and as regards Scotland " the court " shall mean the Auditor of the Court of Session. NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), The returning officer. As to who are to be returning officers in England, see the preceding section, pp. 211214, supra, and in Scotland and Ireland, pp. 212 214, supra. It should be observed that by sect. 30 the pro- visions of sect. 29 apply equally to the acting returning officer (r). (r) See pp. 217218, infra. ACTING RETURNING OFFICERS. 217 (other than a university election). As to re- Sect. 29. turning officer at university elections, see pp. 364. 373, infra. scale of maximum charges. This is the scale referred to in sect. 29 (4). This scale has not, up to the time of going to press, been prescribed. properly rendered or incurred by him. Ser- vices would be properly rendered and expenses properly incurred by a returning officer if they were rendered or incurred in the fulfilment or course of his duties as returning officer. As to the words in sub-section (2), regulations made under this section. By sect. 29 (4) the Treasury is empowered to make these regula- tions, which have not, however, up to the time of going to press, been issued. the Court as defined by this section. See sub-section (5) of this section. As to the words in sub-section (5), the place of nomination. As to this, see Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, rules 1 , 2, pp. 682683, infra, and sect. 32 of the present Act, pp. 222 223, infra. 30. Except as herein provided the duties Discharge of . returning oi returning; omcer at parliamentary elec- officers' duties * by an acting tions (other than a university election) shall returning be discharged by the registration officer as acting returning officer, and the acting re- turning officer shall have all the powers, 218 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 30 - duties, rights and liabilities of the returning officer under any enactments relating to parliamentary elections, and those enact- ments (including this Act) shall have effect accordingly and the acting returning officer shall have power to appoint deputies. This section shall not apply to any duties which the returning officer reserves to him- self and undertakes to perform in person. Any appointment of a deputy by the acting returning officer shall be subject to the ap- proval of the Local Government Board. A returning officer at a parliamentary election shall not, if all his duties are dis- charged by the acting returning officer, be disqualified by reason of being returning officer for being a candidate at the election. NOTE. Except as herein provided. These words refer to the second paragraph of this section, i.e. to the case where a returning officer reserves to himself and undertakes to perform in person the duties of returning officer. (other than a university election). As to the duties of returning officers at university elections, see pp. 364371, 373382, infra. the registration officer. See pp. 130 131, supra. This section shall not apply to any duties which the returning officer reserves to himself RETURNING AND ACTING RETURNING OFFICERS. and undertakes to perform in person. The effect sect. so of these words is to give the returning officer the right to reserve to himself and undertake to per- form in person all or some of the duties of a returning officer, and in the event of his exer- cising such right, the provisions of this section as to the discharge of the returning officer's duties by the acting returning officer have no applica- tion to the duties so reserved. A returning officer at a parliamentary elec- tion shall not, if all his duties are discharged by the acting returning officer, be disqualified by reason of being returning officer for being a candidate at the election. These words remove from a returning officer, all of whose duties are discharged by the acting returning officer, the disqualification which previous to the passing of this Act(w-) attached to a returning officer by reason of his office. These words therefore also remove the disqualification which formerly at- tached to a sheriff from being a candidate for the county or borough of which he was sheriff, since this disqualification was the consequence, not of his being sheriff, but returning officer (x\ Sect. 30 does not apply to Scotland, and in lieu thereof sect. 43 (13)Q/) makes special pro- vision as to Scotland. (u) Thetford, 9 Journal, 725 ; Wal-efidd, B. & Aust. 295. (JB) Rutland (1601), Dalton, 332; CoMs Case (1625), 2 White- locke, 357; R. v. Owens (1859), 2 E. & E. 91 ; Tralee, 28 L. R. Ir. 10. (y) See pp. 321322, infra. 220 Sect. 30. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Since sect. 30 does not apply to Scotland, the existing disqualification of returning officers from being candidates at parliamentary elections (2) is unaffected as regards Scotland. Sect. 30 set out above has no application to Ireland (a), and therefore, as in the case of Scot- land, the existing disqualification of returning officers from being candidates at parliamentary elections continues. See pp. 212 214, supra, as to returning officers and deputy returning officers in Ireland. Division of 31. ( 1) It shall be the duty of tKe council constituency . ' . into polling whose clerk is the registration officer for districts, and appointment any constituency or by whom the registra- of polling J . * . j places. tion omcer is appointed, as occasion requires, to divide the constituency into polling dis- tricts, and to appoint polling places for the polling districts, in such manner as to give to all electors in the constituency such rea- sonable facilities for voting as are practicable in the circumstances : Provided that, before dividing any con- stituency in the administrative county of London into polling districts, the authority therefor shall send a draft of any scheme for that purpose to the London County Council, and shall take into consideration any repre- sentations made to them by that Council. (z) Thttford, 9 Journal, 725 ; Wakefidd, B. & Aubt. 295. (a) Sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. POLLING DISTRICTS AND POLLING PLACES. (2) If a local authority, or not less than sect. 31. thirty electors, in a constituency make a representation to the Local Government Board that the polling districts or polling places do not meet the reasonable require- ments of the electors in the constituency, or any body of electors, the Local Government Board shall consider the representation, and may, if they think fit, direct the council whose duty it is to divide the constituency into polling districts to make such altera- tions as the Board think necessary in the circumstances, and if the council fail to make those alterations within a month after the direction is given may themselves make the alterations, and any alterations so made shall have effect as if they had been made by the council. In this provision the expression " local authority " means as respects any constitu- ency the council of any county, borough, urban or rural district, or parish wholly or partly situate in the constituency, or the parish meeting of any parish so situate where there is no parish council. (3) On the exercise of any powers given by this section the council by whom the powers are exercised shall send to the Local Government Board a report, and publish in the constituency a notice, showing the boun- 222 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 31. daries of any polling districts or the situa- tion of any polling places constituted as a result of the exercise of the power. (4) An election shall not be questioned by reason of any non-compliance with the pro- visions of this section or any informality relative to polling districts or polling places. (5) This section shall not apply to uni- versity constituencies. (6) Nothing in this section shall affect any polling districts or polling places constituted before the passing of this Act until occasion arises for the exercise of the powers given by this section. NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), the council whose clerk is the registration officer for any constituency or by whom the registra- tion officer is appointed, see sect. 12 (2) and (4), pp. 130, 131, supra. In its application to Scotland, sect. 31 is subject to the provisions of sect. 43 (17), which is set out at p. 323, infra. In its application to Ireland, sect. 31 is to be read subject to the modifications enacted in sect. 44 (9) (a), (b) and (c). See pp. 332333, infra. piace of 32. The place of election shall be fixed for each constituency (other than a univer- sity constituency) by the returning officer, and shall be (a) if the constituency is a parliamentary ELECTION EXPENSES. 223 borough, or a division of a parlia- sect. 32. mentary borough, some place within the borough ; and (b) if the constituency is a parliamentary county, or a division of a parlia- mentary county, some place within the county or within a parliamen- tary borough adjoining the county. NOTE. This section does not apply to Scot- land, but by sect. 43 (16), set out at p. 323, infra, the provisions of that sub-section are substituted for sect. 32. Sect. 32 does not apply to Ire- land (a). , r ~ 33. (1) The provisions set out in the scaieofeiec- Fourth Schedule to this Act shall be sub- i stituted for Part IV. and paragraph (3) of Part Y. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 (which relate to the maximum scale of elec- tion expenses), and that Act shall have effect accordingly. 1 (2) Any candidate at a parliamentary election 2 shall, subject to regulations of the Postmaster-General, 2 be entitled to send, free 1 See pp. 224264, infra. 2 See p. 265, infra. (a) See sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 2'24 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 33. of any charge for postage, to each registered elector for the constituency, one postal com- munication containing matter relating to the election only, and not exceeding two ounces in weight : Provided that a candidate shall not be entitled to exercise the right of free postage conferred by this provision before he is duly nominated, 3 unless he has given such security as may be required by the Postmaster- General for the payment of postage in case he does not eventually become nominated. For the purpose of this provision candi- dates who are, under paragraph (4) of Part V. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, 4 deemed to be joint candidates at an election shall be treated as a single candidate. NOTE. The First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883, with the substitutions in Parts IV. and V. required by sub-sect. ( 1 ) above, is as follows (the provisions set out in the Fourth Schedule to this Act, which contain these substitutions, being printed in italics) : " PART I. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. "(1.) One election agent and no more. " (2.) In counties one deputy election agent (in 3 See pp. 265269, infra. 4 See pp. 229230, infra. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. this Act referred to as a sub-agent) to act within Sect. 33. each polling district and no more. u (3.) One polling agent in each polling station and no more. " (4. ) In a borough one clerk and one messenger, or if the number of electors in the borough exceeds five hundred, a number of clerks and messengers not exceeding in number one clerk arid one mes- senger for every complete five hundred electors in the borough, and if there is a number of electors over and above any complete five hundred or complete five hundreds of electors, then one clerk and one messenger may be employed for such number, although not amounting to a com- plete five hundred. " (5.) In a county for the central committee room one clerk and one messenger, or if the number of electors in the county exceeds five thousand, then a number of clerks and messengers not exceeding in number one clerk and one messenger for every complete five thousand electors in the county ; and if there is a number of electors over and above any complete five thousand or complete five thou- sands of electors, then one clerk and one messenger may be employed for such number, although not amounting to a complete five thousand. " (6.) In a county a number of clerks and mes- sengers not exceeding in number one clerk and one messenger for each polling district in the county, or where the number of electors in a polling district exceeds five hundred one clerk and one messenger for every complete five hundred F. 15 226 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. electors in the polling district, and if there is a number of electors over and above any complete five hundred or complete five hundreds of electors, then one clerk and one messenger maybe employed for such number, although not amounting to a complete five hundred : Provided always, that the number of clerks and messengers so allowed in any county may be employed in any polling district where their services may be required. * " (7.) Any such paid election agent, sub-agent, polling agent, clerk, and messenger may or may not be an elector, but may not vote.* f " (8.) In the case of the boroughs of East Ret- ford, Shoreham, Cricklade, Much Wenlock, and Aylesbury, the provisions of this part of this schedule shall apply as if such borough were a county, t "PART II. LEGAL EXPENSES IN ADDITION TO EXPENSES UNDER PART I. J " (1 .) Sums paid to the returning officer for his charges not exceeding the amount authorised by the Act 38 & 39 Viet. c. 84. { ." (2.) The personal expenses of the candidate. "(3.) The expenses of printing, the expenses * This paragraph is repealed by sect. 9 (4) (p. 115, supra), sect. 47 (1) (p. 337, infra), and the Eighth Schedule (p. 398, infra) ofjjthe present Act. t By virtue of the Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885, s. 2 and First Schedule, Part I., these boroughs have ceased to exist, and although that Act has been repealed by the present Act, these boroughs have not been granted separate representation under the redistribution effected by the present Act. | -$ This paragraph is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1 ), p. 337, and Eighth Schedule, p. 398, infra. ELECTION EXPENSES. 227 of advertising, and the expenses of publishing, sect. 33. issuing, and distributing addresses and notices. "(4.) The expenses of stationery, messages, postage, and telegrams. " (5.) The expenses of holding public meetings. "(6.) In a borough the expenses of one com- mittee room, and if the number of electors in the borough exceeds five hundred then of a number of committee rooms not exceeding the number of one committee room for every complete five hundred electors in the borough, and if there is a number of electors over and above any com- plete five hundred or complete five hundreds of electors, then of one committee room for such number, although not amounting to a complete five hundred. "(7.) In a county the expenses of a central committee room, and in addition of a number of committee rooms not exceeding in number one committee room for each polling district in the county, and where the number of electors in a polling district exceeds five hundred one addi- tional committee room may be hired for every complete five hundred electors in such polling district over and above the first five hundred. * . " PART III. MAXIMUM FOR MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. " Expenses in respect of miscellaneous matters other than those mentioned in. Part I. and Part II. of this schedule not exceeding in the whole the maximum amount of two hundred pounds, so 15(2) 228 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. nevertheless that such expenses are not incurred in respect of any matter or in any manner con- stituting an offence under this or any other Act, or in respect of any matter or thing, payment for which is expressly prohibited by this or any other Act. "PART IV. MAXIMUM SCALE. " The expenses mentioned above in Parts 1., II. , and III. of this schedule, other than personal expenses and the fee, if any, paid to the election agent (not exceeding in the case of a county election seventy-five pounds and in the case of a borough election (c) fifty pounds , without reckoning for the purposes of that limit any part of the fee which may have been included in the expenses first above mentioned) shall not exceed an amount equal in the case of a county election, to sevenpence for each elector on the register ; in the case of an election for a borough, to fivepence for each elector on the register (d). " PART V. GENERAL. * " (1.) In the case of the boroughs of East Ret- ford, Shoreham, Cricklade, Much Wenlock, and Aylesbury, the provisions 'of Parts II., III. and IV. of this schedule shall apply as if such borough were a county.* "(2.) For the purposes of this schedule the (c) The words "borough election" would appear to include an election for a university constituency. See p. 281, infra. (d] These words in italics are part of the Fourth Schedule to the present Act, set out at p. 363, infra. See sect. 33 (1), p. 223, supra. * See footnote (f ) on p. 226, supra. ELECTION EXPENSES. number of electors shall be taken according to Sect. 33. the enumeration of the electors in the register of electors. " (3.) Where there are two or more joint candidates at an election the maximum amount of expenses men- tioned in Parts III. and IV. of this schedule shall, for each of the joint candidates, be the amount pro- duced by multiplying a single candidates maximum by one-and-a-half and dividing the result by the number of joint candidates (f). "(4.) Where the same election agent is ap- pointed by or on behalf of two or more candidates at an election, or where two or more candidates, by themselves or any agent or agents, hire or use the same committee rooms for such election, or employ or use the services of the same sub-agents, clerks, messengers, or polling agents at such elec- tion, or publish a joint address or joint circular or notice at such election, those candidates shall be deemed for the purposes of this enactment to be joint candidates at such election. u Provided that u (a) The employment and use of the same committee room, sub-agent, clerk, messenger, or polling agent, if acci- dental or casual, or of a trivial and unimportant character, shall not be deemed of itself to constitute persons joint candidates. " (b) Nothing in this enactment shall prevent candidates from ceasing to be joint candidates. (/) See footnote (d) on preceding page. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. " (c) Where any excess of expenses above the maximum allowed for one of two or more joint candidates has arisen owing to his having ceased to be a joint candidate, or to his having become a joint candidate after having begun to conduct his election as a separate can- didate, and such ceasing or beginning was in good faith, and such excess is not more than under the circumstances is reasonable, and the total expenses of such candidate do not exceed the maximum amount allowed for a sepa- rate candidate, such excess shall be deemed to have arisen from a rea- sonable cause within the meaning of the enactments respecting the allow- . ance by the High Court or election court of an exception (/) from the pro- visions of this Act which would other- wise make an act an illegal practice, and the candidate and his election agent may be relieved accordingly from the consequences of having in- curred such excess of expenses." In order to understand the meaning and effect of sect. 33 of the present Act and the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883, as altered by such section, it is neces- (/) See sect. 23 of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883, under which the Court has power to except an expenditure in excess of the maximum from being an illegal practice. ELECTION EXPENSES. 231 sary to notice sect. 8 of the Corrupt and Illegal sect. 33. Practices Act, 1883, which is as follows : "(1.) Subject to such exception (g) as may be allowed in pursuance of this Act, no sum shall be paid and no expense shall be incurred by a can- didate at an election or his election agent, whether before, during, or after an election, on account of or in respect of the conduct or management of such election, in excess of any maximum amount in that behalf specified in the First Schedule to this Act. "(2.) Any candidate or election agent who knowingly acts in contravention of this section shall be guilty of an illegal practice/' Sect. 33 of the present Act deals with the maxi- mum amount which a candidate is allowed to spend on election expenses by referring to the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Prac- tices Act, 1883, and incorporating in that Schedule certain new provisions in substitution for existing provisions therein. For the sake of completeness and clearness it may be useful to deal generally in the present Note with the subject-matter of that Schedule. The maximum amount which a candidate at a parliamentary election can legally spend must be calculated according to the scale set forth in Part IV. (as altered (h) by the present Act) of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, which is set out on p. 228 above. The expenses in respect of which this maximum (g] See sect. 23 of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883. (//) See sect. 33 (1) of the present Act, p. 223, supra. 232 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 38. amount can be legally incurred are those men- tioned in Parts I., II. and III.(^). excluding from such maximum amount personal expenses (A), the additional fee if any paid to the election agent (i \ and the expenses of conveying voters by sea in order to reach the polling place if such conveyance is necessary (/). It should be remembered that the amount not exceeding 200/. allowed under the heading of miscellaneous expenses in Part III. (k) of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, must be reckoned as part of the maximum amount cal- culated according to the scale in Part IV. (7). The personal expenses which are allowed to be excluded from the maximum amount are " per- sonal expenses incurred by him (the candidate) on account of or in connexion with or incidental to (the) election to an amount not exceeding one hundred pounds " (m). The additional fee, if any, paid to the election agent, apart from any fee included in the expenses mentioned in Parts I., II. and III. (g] of the First Schedule, must not exceed in the case of a county election 75/., and in the case of a borough election 50/. (/). As to Part I. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883 (set out at pp. 224226, ( of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, unless such employ- ment is otherwise prohibited, or (2) under sect. 48 of that Act in the conveyance of voters by sea in the cases specified in such section. Where a county or borough is divided, each division is considered a separate constituency (0). If the candidate employs any person for payment other than those mentioned above, he is guilty of an illegal practice (j), and if elected his election will be void (q). Further, on summary conviction he is liable to a fine of 100/. (r), and if reported guilty by an election court is incapable for seven years of being elected to or sitting in the House of Commons for the county or borough within which the illegal practice has been committed (q\ and in both cases (q) he is also incapable for five years of being registered as an elector, or voting at any parliamentary election, or election for a public office (s), held for or within the county or borough () Set out on pp. 226227, supra. () Sect. 37 (1) (2), and sect. 41 (l),pp. 282 and 305 respectively. (p) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 21 (2). (q) Ibid. 8. 11. (r] Ibid. 68. 10, 43 (4). (s) Ibid. s. 64. 234 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. within which the illegal practice has been com- mitted. Where a person is primarily employed in one capacity he is not prohibited from doing work in another capacity, provided that the employment is not a device for evading the Corrupt Practices Act. Thus, in Elgin and Nairn (t) it was proved that M. had been appointed one of the respondent's polling agents, and had been paid seventeen guineas for his services. M. was acquainted with most of the voters in the district, and he admitted that both on the polling day and previous to it he had urged voters to vote. Counsel contended that M. was substantially a sub-agent, and that his appoint- ment was a breach of sect. 17 of the Act of 1883. The Court decided against this contention, and in giving judgment Lord McLaren said (u) : "The objection is, not that the total number of salaried agents authorised by the statute was exceeded, but that while, ex facie of the letters of appoint- ment, Mr. Gr. had no more agents of the various classes than the statute authorised, yet the per- sons were employed and paid nominally in one capacity, but with the intention, arid, I suppose, under contract, that they should render services in another capacity. Now, the enactment that is said to have been violated is sect. 17 of the Act of 1883, and that section prohibits the engage- ment or the employment for payment for any purpose or in any capacity, except for any pur- (0 (1895), 50. &H. 13, 14. () Ibid, at pp. 13, 14, 15. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOK PAYMENT. 235 poses or capacities mentioned in the First and Second Schedules thereof ; the persons who may be employed as enumerated in the Schedule are an election agent, who has the supervision of the candidate's affairs generally, and then for each district there may be a sub-agent, a polling agent, a clerk, and a messenger. The duties of these officers are not very strictly defined. I do not think there is any definition of the duties of a sub-agent, but it sufficiently appears that he is a person through whom payments may be made at the request of the principal agent. In all other respects his agency seems to be perfectly general ... a polling agent is a person who is to repre- sent a candidate in the polling booth to detect personation. . . . The general and leading pur- pose, I think, of sect. 17 is to keep down expen- diture by prohibiting the employment of a larger number of persons than are mentioned in the Schedule. It may very well be that the clause would also prohibit the employment for money of an agent to perform additional duties to those which are indicated by his name or by his descrip- tion ; but in order to invalidate an election because an agent has performed duties additional to those for which he is expressly engaged, it would be necessary, at least, that we should have a case very clearly proved ; and it is evident that it would always be extremely difficult to establish a case of that description of colourable employ- ment of a man in one capacity, in order that he might perform duties in another capacity . . . Sect. 33. 236 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. as I read the Election Acts, the employe is in no way inhibited from using his personal exertions as an elector to influence the votes of other elec- tors ; nor, so far as I see, is there any restriction on the right of a paid agent or officer to render services to the candidate such as he may think fitting, except that he cannot be employed in the payment of election expenses unless he is the sub-agent." In Lichfield(x) Pollock, B., said : " It was fairly admitted by counsel that some of the persons who were employed as clerks had acted as canvassers. The question, therefore, is whether that was done honestly or was culpable. It is not because a man, who is employed to act as a clerk for only part of the day, or for some possibly trivial or small matters, such as the directing of envelopes, or what-not ; it is not because he occupies that time which is his own that he is to be robbed of the ordinary right of a citizen to go about and take an interest in an election where he cares for the politics involved, and to canvass. The ques- tion, therefore, in this case, as in others, is : Was there a canvassing either by the direct direction of the sitting member or his agent, or by their knowledge, in the sense that they not merely knew that there was canvassing done, in fact, . . . but that the canvassing was such that the fair assumption would be that it was illegal ? As to that I entirely agree with the judgment in the Elgin case(^)." (x) (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 28, 29. (//) Ibid. p. 13. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. Where persons are bon& fide employed in a Sect 33. manner not forbidden by the law, e.g. to take out and deliver bills, this will not make them mes- sengers. On the other hand, if their employ- ment in regard to the bills is a mere device to evade the provisions of the Corrupt Practices Act as to the number of messengers who may be em- ployed, the employment would be illegal. The same observations apply to the employment of persons who are legally employed for any pur- pose, and who happen to be employed to do the copying work. This does not make them clerks unless the employment is colourable, and for the purpose of evading the Act. In the words of Cave, J., in Pontefract (#) : " The number of clerks, that is to say, the persons who attend upon the committee, is limited. The number of messengers who are supposed to go on messages from one committee room to another, or to fetch a particular individual who happens to be wanted, is also limited. On the other hand, mere clerical work has not in every case to be done by clerks ; but obviously, if they have other duties, you may employ persons who give them- selves out for doing clerical work to do it, and the mere fact that they are employed to do clerical work, writing addresses, cbpying out documents, or things of that kind, does not at all, in my judgment, necessarily make them clerks ; nor again, if other persons are employed to take out and deliver bills, does that make them, in my (z) (1893), Day's Election Cases, pp. 129, 130. 238 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. Canvassing, handbills, addresses, and notices. judgment, messengers. In both these cases, no doubt, if there is only colourable employment of these people, if there is an intention of evading the Act, it would bring the offender at once within its provisions." In Stepney Division (a\ in the recriminatory case, it was proved that about twenty men were employed by the petitioner's agent to distribute on the polling day in the neighbourhood of the polling stations handbills, twelve inches long by eight inches broad, headed, " Stepney Election, Thursday, November 26. From 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Facts worth remembering at the poll." Then followed six paragraphs containing certain state- ments about the qualifications of the petitioner to be elected, and concluding thus : " Mr. I. will be the winning candidate if his friends will poll early and mark their voting papers thus." Then followed a copy of the ballot paper with the respondent's name in very small letters, and the petitioner's name in very large letters, with a X after it. Denman, J., said that these bills would be most appropriately described as " canvassing handbills," but the judges were divided in opinion as to whether it was an illegal practice or expense to distribute bills of this kind. In B 'arrow-in- Fur ness (#), the respondent and his agent had incurred expense and employed people in distributing, posting, or printing documents, which included a letter written by a distinguished (a) (1886), 4 0. & H. 52. (fe) Ibid. 76. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 239 statesman to an alderman of the borough and Sect - 33 - notices " Vote for Duncan" ; and the Court, having regard to other parts of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, such as sect. 18, held that such expense was not illegal, and that such documents were " addresses and notices " under Part II. of the First Schedule. The Court intimated, however, that offensive pictures and statements might be illegal. In Finsbury(c) counsel for the petitioner ob- Billposters. jected to the votes of two persons as having been employed by the respondent as bill-posters. It appeared that the men carried on business as bill- posters, and contracted with the respondent to post bills on his behalf . Cave, J., said(J): "If the work is of a kind, which can be done for both parties it does not disqualify. These men were not engaged in an employment requiring personal service, and which, therefore, could not be rendered to both sides at the same time. They were bill-posters, and were not bound to go and post bills with their own hands. They might post them themselves if they liked, or might employ men, as they in fact did, to post them. It is all a question for the contractor how he will fulfil his contract, and he is not bound to abstain from posting the bills himself if he likes to do so." Vaughan Williams, J., said(: " ID 30 & 31 Viet. c. 102, s. 11, the disqualifying words are (c) (1892), 4 0. & H. 176. (d) Ibid. 177. () Ibid. canvassers. 240 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. i agent, canvasser, clerk, messenger, or other like employment.' That means an employment ejusdem generis, and I do not think these gentlemen were employed in any employment of that kind." Payment of The payment of canvassers is an illegal pay- ment, and if, under the guise of canvassing for registration, men are sent out by the candidate, his election agent, or sub-agent, to canvass for the election and are paid for such canvassing, this would be an illegal practice, which would con- sequently make the election void(/). In Rochester (g) Cave, J., said: u No less than 300 persons of the lower class of voters have been employed going about with what purports to be a canvassing book, but which appears to have been employed for registration purposes. If they were all paid at 5s., as, admittedly, the man Knight was paid, if they did no more work than Knight did, I should have very little hesitation in coming to the conclusion that the whole of that employ- ment was collusive, and that that was a case of bribery on a very extensive scale. Fortunately for the respondent, that is not the way in which it was put before us in the particulars." No illegal act is committed, however, if there- is only that species of canvassing which is con- nected with registration, and not that kind of canvassing which attends upon an election (Ji). (/) Per Cave, J., in Stepney (Borough] (1892), Day's Election Cases, 119. See also p. 236, supra. (g) (1892), Day's Election Cases, 102103. (A) Per Cave, J., in Stepney (Borough] (1892), Day's Election Cases, 119. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. In Ipswich (i) it was held illegal to hire persons sect. 33. to keep order at meetings. On the other hand, Employment . i , i i i i f persons to there can be no objection to the employment keep order, of unpaid volunteers to put down disturbances, and where any serious disorder is apprehended it may be a wise proceeding to swear in such volun- teers as special constables " (). " If a man were so obnoxious to his fellows that they could not resist the desire to fall upon him and do him an injury whenever they met him, even if it were at a public meeting at which they would otherwise have behaved themselves in an orderly manner, he would not be guilty of an illegal practice if he were to pay men to protect him "(7). In Barrow-in-Furness(m} it was proved that at Payment may 11,11- be in kind. a meeting summoned by the election agent ior the respondent, at which about 400 persons were present, it was agreed, with the sanction of the respondent and the election agent, to provide refreshments on the polling day, at the expense of the respondent, to 441 persons who were designated " workers," and who were to take an active part in the election on behalf of the respon- dent. Of the persons who partook of the re- freshment 226 were voters. The refreshments consisted of a pork pie, a sandwich, and a cup of coffee for each person, and were distributed in the various committee rooms. (i) (1886), 4 0. & H. 74. (k) Ibid, per Cave, J. (Z) Ibid. 72, 73. (m) Ibid. 78, 79. F. 16 243 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sectjss. The Court held that there had been illegal payment within the meaning of sect. IT of the Corrupt Practices Act, and, as the employment was by the respondent and his election agent, that there had been an illegal practice, and the election was therefore declared void. As to Parts II. and III. (m) of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, and the general principles as to what constitute election expenses. As was indicated above (w), the First Schedule to the Corrupt arid Illegal Practices Act, 1883, must be read with sect. 8 (o) of that Act. In that section occur the words, " expenses incurred on account of or in respect of the conduct or management of such election." What, then, do these words include ? First, in order to understand their meaning, it is necessary to know when the election begins and when it ends. As to the question When does the election begin ? the Courts have consistently refused to lay down any definite rule on the point. Each case must be considered with reference to its par- ticular circumstances (p). The Court will take into consideration the whole of the facts, the nature, extent, and amount of the work done, and of the expenses incurred ; the question how far the operations of the candidate were continuous up (ni) Set out on pp. 226228, supra. (n) See pp. 230231, supra. (o) Set out at p. 231, supra. (p) See the observations of Lawrance, J., and Pickford, J., in East Dorset (1910), 6 0. & H. at pp. 39, 40, and pp. 49, 50, respec- tively. WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 243 to the election or were intermittent ; and, above Sect. 38. all, whether the evidence goes to show that every- thing has been done in good faith, or whether, on the other hand, it shows an attempt to evade the Corrupt Practices Act. "It is impossible to say that only those expenses are to be returned which are incurred after the writ is issued. The time which elapses in many cases between the issue of the writ and the date of the election (q) is too short to admit of the neces- sary preparations being made for conducting the . election, and it is absolutely essential that pre- parations of that kind should be begun and expenses should be incurred in anticipation of the issue of the writ. There is nothing in the Act which forbids expenses being incurred before the issue of the writ ; there is nothing in the Act which forbids the candidate to incur such expenses. The Act, no doubt, requires that they should be paid by the election agent, and so long as they are paid by the election agent it does not re- quire that they should in all cases be incurred by him" (r). " For some reason, good or bad," said Lord Kyllachy in Elgin and Nairn (s\ u the Legislature has confined the enactment to expenses which can be attributed to the i conduct and management of the election ' ; and these words, as it seems to me, at least suggest and contemplate an election, which is not in nubibus, but is reasonably imminent. . . . (q) See pp. 179 180, supra. v (r) Per Cave, J., in Rochester (1892), 5 0. & H. at p. 159. () (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 10, 12. 16(2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. Accordingly, while I think that the Act indicates plainly enough the kind of period which it con- templates, it contains nothing in the shape of hard-and-fast definition ; and, that being so, I apprehend the result is that it is left to us, as election judges, and it becomes our duty, to con- sider each case with respect to its own facts, and to say in each case whether or not special circum- stances exist requiring us to hold that the election began prior to what I may call the normal period. In considering that question I apprehend we are to have regard to the whole facts the nature of the work done, and of the expenses incurred ; the extent and amount of that work, and of those expenses ; the question how far the operations of the candidate were continuous up to the election or were intermittent, taking the shape merely of periodical visits to the constituency. Above all, we are, I apprehend, to have regard to this, whether we have before us evidence of any at- tempt to evade the Act evidence, for example, of profuse expenditure purposely antedated, so as to escape the Act ; or whether, on the other hand, everything appears to have been done in good faith, and in ordinary course, the pre-election operations and pre-election expenditure being on the whole fair and reasonable that is to say, fair and reasonable, having regard to the position of the candidate and the character of the con- stituency." In the same case, Lord McLaren said (r) : Conduct or management of such election ' (r) (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 5, 6. u i WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 245 means a definite election within the knowledge Sec *- 33.^ and contemplation of the parties who are engaged in conducting and managing it. ... Again, there may be a case of an unexpected death vacancy, where an election could not be in the thoughts of the people, until the vacancy occurred ; but there may be intermediate cases, and the late general election sufficiently illustrates my meaning the case where there is a vote in the House of Com- mons adverse to the Ministry, and where from the moment when that vote is announced everyone is looking forward to a dissolution of Parliament, with a view to determining whether the Govern- ment of the day is to continue to enjoy the confidence of the country. 1 should certainly hold that from that time the election had begun in the sense of the sections we are considering. I do not say that it may not be begun at an even earlier period. If, for example, a candidate, not proceeding upon any public and patent facts, but trusting to his own political sagacity and looking round the political horizon, thinks that an election is imminent, and proceeds to institute what is called a canvass of the constituency, which he continues without intermission down to the election, it may very well be that in such a case his own judgment as to when it is necessary to attend to his electoral interests shall be taken as fixing the commencement of that particular elec- tion. I think I have said enough to indicate that , in the view of the statute which I adopt, it is impossible to lay down any definite term or to 246 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect.jss. deal with this otherwise than as a question of fact in which the general political history of the period and the conduct of the individual candidate are both to be taken into account." In a subsequent case, Pollock, B., said (5), after referring to this judgment: "I entirely agree with Lord McLaren when he said that what is meant by an election is a definite election within the knowledge and contemplation of the par- ties " "I think," said Hawkins, J., in Walsall(t), " the limit of time to which we ought to apply our minds is a period commencing from the time when it was first known that the respondent announced his intention to present himself as a candidate for election at the next ensuing election." " As soon as a candidate begins to hold meet- ings in the constituency to advance his candi- daturein other words, as soon as he begins to take measures to promote the election the elec- tion commences. ... I therefore hold," said Bruce, J., in Lichfield(u\ " that the expenses of that meeting, and the expenses incurred after that date to promote Mr. F.'s candidature, were election expenses, and that there was a neglect to comply with the requirements of the statute in not returning those expenses." (a) Lichfield (1895), 6 0. & H. at p. 35. (0 (1892), 4 O. &H. at p. 125; approved by Pollock, B., in Lichfield (1895), 5 0. & H. p. 36. (u) (1895), 5 O. & H. at pp. 37, 38. WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 247 In Lancaster (x), a year later, Pollock, B., said : Sect. 83. "I must say, with all who have gone before me, in giving judgment upon this point, the statute does not state when the election begins. It says many things as to the appointment of an agent and the incurring of election expenses, which might point, with the words ' or manage- ment of the election,' to this meaning that the election did not commence until there was an actual election, and an election agent actually appointed ; but the judges have not accepted that construction. The judges have very properly re- jected it, and they have said, i We can go behind that and start from an earlier date ? ; but still it is entirely a matter, I will not say of discretion, but of sound judgment, to say how far you may go back. . . . Now, I want to say one word about the case we had before us the other day at Lich- field, because we found there that the election had commenced at some period many weeks, at any rate, before the election itself. But we found that fact because a person who was an absolute stranger to the district, who lived at a distance, but who had a considerable command of money, commenced his connection with the district by sending forward an agent, by providing large inordinate sums of money to one or two political institutions and clubs, by running a newspaper, and more than one newspaper, at his own expense, and then, when that had been so for a certain time, coming himself and saying, i I am your (x) (1896), 5 0. & H. at pp. 45, 46. 248 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. candidate.' I hold, and I should always hold, when a man puts himself in that position, although it may be some time before the election, that he cannot be heard to say that the election has not begun." In the same case (y) Bruce, J., laid down the law as follows : " No definition and no definite rule can be laid down as to the time when an election begins. The Legislature has not fixed any definite period, and I think it is not for the judges to attempt to lay down a general definition which the Legis- lature has carefully avoided doing. I conceive that Lord Kyllachy, in the late Scotch case, Elgin and Nairn (#), laid down the true rule when he said, * I apprehend that the result is that it is left to us as election judges, and it becomes our duty, to consider each case with respect to its own facts, and to say in each* case whether or not special cir- cumstances exist requiring us to hold that the election began prior to what I may call the normal period'; and so Lord McLaren says, i It is im possible to lay down any definite term or to deal with this otherwise than as a question of fact, in which the general political history of the period and the conduct of the individual candidate are both to be taken into account.' And so Haw- kins, J., in the Walsall case (a), ' The commence- ment of agency must be determined in each case (y) (1896), 5 0. & H. at pp. 60, 51. () (1895), 5 0. & H. at p. 12. (a) (1892), 4 O. & H. at p. 125. WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 249 by the particular circumstances of the case.' . . . Sect. 33. But the limit of time is not the only question to be considered. Even after a person has become a candidate, he is only liable to return expenses incurred in the conduct or management of the election. The question of the time of the com- mencement of the candidature is only one element to be considered." In East Dorset (b\ Pickford, J., when dealing with the question of election expenses, said : " That depends upon when did the election begin, and what was the nature of the expenses ? I have done my best ... to find some principle that could be laid down ; but I do not think it is possible to find one, and I find myself bound to say, as the other judges have said in many other cases, that we must look to the facts of the par- ticular case. When you once get beyond what was suggested by a learned judge (c), that you must look at the date of the issue of the writ and the appointment of the election agent when you once get past that (and that has been rejected over and over again) it must be a question of fact and degree in every case." " To my mind," said Cave, J., in Norwich(d\ 41 there is a great distinction between the expenses of getting a candidate and the expense of pro- moting his election after you have got him. If the primary and direct and real object is to get a candidate, I think that the expenses incurred in (6) (1910), 60. & H at p. 49. (c) See the observations of Grantham, J., in Great Yarmouth (1906), 50. &H. at p. 193. (d) Norwich (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 85. 250 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. so doing are not within the Act, although indi- rectly they may promote the interests of the party. If the nominal object is to get a candi- date, but the real object is to promote the election of the individual candidate, then I should say it would be within the Act." In the same case, Denman, J., said (d) : " Ac- cording to my view, these expenses for the meet- ing were not really in substance expenses incurred in the conduct or management of that election ; they were expenses incurred in order to induce a particular person to become a candidate, and the two things are, in my judgment, totally distinct. I think, therefore, that, until the respondent had consented to become a candidate, the payment was not a payment on his behalf." Whether As to the question whether the expenses of expenses of . . , public meet- public meetings (e) and political lectures are elec- ticai lectures" tion expenses, and therefore ought to be included in tn ^ return, the judgment of the Court in Hagger- ston(f) showed that this is a question of fact which must always depend on the particular circum- stances of each case, If the meeting in question was called with the direct object of advancing the election of the candidate, and not merely for the purpose of advancing political principles, then the expenses of the meeting would be election expenses. (d) Norwich (1886), 4 O. & H. at p. 86. () By sect, 34 of the present Act (see pp. 269270, infra], expenses of public meetings for the purpose of promoting or pro- curing the election of a candidate must be authorised in writing by the election agent and returned as election expenses. (/) (1896), 5 0. & H. at p. 72. EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS. In the case just mentioned (g) the election took Sect. S3 place on July 17th, 1895. The respondent ad- mitted that he became a candidate on November 17th, 1892. The legal maximum of expenses was 500, and the respondent returned an expen- diture of 319. Expenses had been incurred between 1892 and the date of the election by the Haggerston Unionist Council, of which the re- spondent was president, in organising meetings and lectures, the payment of officers, and pay- ments on account of illustrated almanacs con- taining matter in support of the respondent's candidature, pamphlets containing his speeches, pledge cards and portrait cards, &c. It was contended that these expenses were election ex- penses, and that they would make the respon- dent's election expenses above the legal maxi- mum. As to the expense in respect of the public meetings, Bruce, J.(A)> said : " Of course, public meetings cannot be held without expense, but in my opinion the expenses of such meetings are not election expenses, unless the meetings are in some way connected with the election of the candidate. A meeting that is called for general political purposes does not, I think, become an election meeting, merely because a candidate attends it, nor even because some allusions are made to his candidature. Every meeting of any kind that a candidate attends may ( paid almost all the expenses connected newspaper are with improving the registration of the borough expenses. in the interest of himself and his party, the amount being 145/. It was also proved that in August, three months before the election, the re- spondent started a newspaper called the South London Standard, which advocated his own poli- tical views. The paper was discontinued in January as it did not pay. The respondent paid 500/. in respect of this paper, and it was argued on behalf of the petitioner that these sums of 145/. and 500/. were in reality expenses incurred " in the conduct and management of the election." In giving judgment for the respondent, Field, J., said(^): " The legislature leaves to the different parties in the country to follow their own in- terests in ascertaining, and inducing a revising barrister (w) to say, who are and who are not qualified to vote, and I must confess that merely (s} (1886), 4 0. & H. at pp. 93, 94. (*) Ibid, at p. 94. (w) It is submitted that the principle here laid down as to expen- diture in improving the registration of the constituency would be held applicable under the present Act, substituting, of course, "a registration officer" for "a revising barrister." EXPENSES OF CONVERSAZIONE. 250 because a person, who is a candidate, looks after Sect. 33. his interests to ascertain that no persons but those who are favourable to him are upon the register and are qualified to be upon the register, I am quite unable to come to the conclusion that that is an expense on account of the election, or on account of the conduct or management of the election. It is simply a question for me as a juryman to decide, and in this case I shall certainly come to that conclusion. The same observations apply to the South London Standard. I have no doubt what- ever that the respondent would not have published this paper at all, unless he had thought it would assist him. Whether he thought it would be a good speculation pecuniarily, I do not know, but the question is whether it is an expense of con- ducting or managing the election. It is not for me to say what difficulties might arise if we were to hold that. I have simply to decide whether the case falls within the language and spirit and intention of the Act, and I am very clearly of opinion that in neither of these cases was the respondent guilty of an illegal practice (#)." In Rochester (y) the respondent had paid for Ex penses certain expenses in connection with a conver- sazione given by the Constitutional Association of the borough, and the question for the Court was, inter alia, whether these expenses were elec- tion expenses^ and therefore expenses which ought to have been included in the return. The facts (x) (1886), 4 0. & H. 94, 95; referred to with approval by Pollock, B,, in Lichfidd (1895), 5 0. & H. 33, 34. (.y) (1892), 4 0. & H. 158. 17(2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. were as follows : In May, 1892, it was suggested to the respondent by the Constitutional Associa- tion that it would be desirable to give a conversa- zione. The respondent assented ; a conversazione was held on May 4th and 5th, refreshments were provided at a nominal price, arid the extra ex- penses were borne by the Association. The elec- tion took place two months later, on July 4th, 1892, and none of these expenses were returned in the respondent's return of expenses. In the result the Court held the election void on the ground of corrupt treating and illegal practices by the respondent's agents: Cave, J., said (2): " With reference to the conversazione, looking at the time at which it was held, and that it was the obvious intention of those who took part in it to promote the return of the respondent, it seems to me that, if it had been innocent throughout, nevertheless it must neces- sarily have been returned as a portion of the election expenses of the candidate." Expense It is sometimes a difficult question to say i>y associa- whether expense incurred by an association or tion, & c . individual which undoubtedly is an assistance to the candidate is or is not an election expense. The test appears to be this : Was the expense in- curred by the association or individual an expense incurred for their own ends and their own pur- poses, or was it one of the ordinary expenses of the candidate ? In the former case it would not be, in the latter it would be, an election expense. CO (1892), 4 O. & H. at p. 159. EXPENSES INCURRED BY ASSOCIATION. This question arose in Stepney (a) in regard to Sect. 33. payments made by the Licensed Victuallers' As- sociation, and again in CocJcermouth (b) in regard to the expenses of a tea meeting given by the Liberal Unionist Association. In both cases the payments in question were held not to be election expenses. In the former Cave, J., said (a) : " With regard to the Licensed Victual- lers' Association, I see no ground at all for saying that those were election expenses. They appear to have been expenses incurred by them for their own purposes. No doubt they were desirous to assist Mr. Isaacson, whom they preferred as a candidate to Mr. Thompson, but it does not follow that because they were desirous of doing that, every expense that they chose to run into would become an election expense. They may have made themselves agents for Mr. Isaacson, so that any corrupt practice traced to them might unseat him ; I do not say that it would, because it has not been necessary for us to direct our attention specifically to that point ; but it does not follow that, because that is so, every expense that they resort to thereby becomes an election expense which must be paid by Mr. Isaacson. If that were so, the fate of a candidate would be very deplorable. He would have no control over per- sons who chose to say that they were acting in his interest and for his benefit, and would be compelled to pay every expense that they might (a) (1892), Day's Election Cases, at pp. 118, 119. (&) (1901), 5 0. & H. at p. 156. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. think fit to incur. No such liability exists, and I do not think the Licensed Victuallers' case was one in which it can be said that the expenses were expenses of conducting the election, and not ex- penses rather incurred by the association for their own ends, and for their own purposes, quite dis- tinct from Mr. Isaacson's election, although un- doubtedly his election was one of the things which they were anxious to secure." In Cocker mouth, Channell, J., said(c): " The difference between an act done in the conduct and management of the election and a thing done merely for the promotion of the success of a particular candidate seems to me to be this : if another person pays an expense and that ex- pense is one of the ordinary expenses of the candidate, so that the doing of that by the third person relieves the candidate from part of his election expenses, then the candidate must treat that assistance as given to him in respect of his election expenses, and must treat the expenses as part of his expenses ... if he, being merely a person interested for some reason, as a Liberal Unionist, or any other reason, in the success of a particular candidate, chooses to do things on his own account, which do not go to relieve the can- didate from any portion of his election expenses, that is not doing anything in reference to ' the conduct or management of the election.' . . ." Expenses of As to the expenses of printing and advertising, and of and the expenses of publishing, issuing and dis- addresses, &c. (c) (1901), 5O. &H. at p. 156. EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS, ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC. 263 tributing addresses and notices, referred to in sect. 33. Part II. (3) of the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883 (d\ it was held in Barrow-in- Furness (e) that addresses and notices cover bills. In the case of the expenses last mentioned, as well as those of stationery, messages, postage and telegrams, and of holding meetings, referred to on p. 227, supra, it should be observed that by sect. 34 of the present Act : "(1) A person other than the election agent of a candidate shall not incur any expenses on account of holding public meetings or issuing advertisements, circulars or publications for the purpose of promoting or procuring the election of any candidate at a parliamentary election, unless he is authorised in writing to do so by such election agent, . u (2) If any person acts in contravention of this section, he shall be guilty of a corrupt prac- tice other than personation (/) within the mean- ing of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, and the expression l corrupt practice 7 shall be construed accordingly : % " Provided that the court before whom a person is convicted under this section may, if they think it just in the special circumstances of the case, mitigate or entirely remit any incapacity imposed by section six of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883. (d] See pp. 226227, supra. (e) (1886), 4 O. & II. 78 ; of. Stepney, ibid. 52, 54, 55, where the members of the Court differed on this question. (/) See pp. 274276, infra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. S^ " (3) Any expenses incurred on account of any such purpose as aforesaid and authorised by the election agent of the candidate shall be duly returned as part of the candidate's election expenses." As to the effect of these provisions, see pp. 270 277, infra. Return of The election agent of every candidate must, expenses. within thirty-five days after the result of the election is declared, transmit to the returning officer a true return of election expenses (g). This return must be in the form contained in the Second Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, or in a similar form(^), and must be accom- panied by a declaration made by the election agent before a justice of the peace in the form required by that Act (h). At the same time that the election agent trans- mits the return or within seven days afterwards, the candidate must transmit to the returning officer a declaration made by him before a justice of the peace verifying his election agent's return (*'). As to sub-sect. (2) of sect. 33. This sub-section is as follows : Any candidate at a parliamentary election shall, subject to regulations of the Postmaster- General, be entitled to send, free of any charge g} Corrupt Practices Act, 1SS3, 8. 33 (1). (h} Ibid. s. 33 (2). i) Ibid. s. 33 (4)- NOMINATION OF CANDIDATE. 265 for postage, to each registered elector for the Sect 33 constituency, one postal communication con- taining matter relating to the election only, and not exceeding two ounces in weight : Provided that a candidate shall not be entitled to exercise the right of free postage conferred by this provision before he is duly nominated, unless he has given such security as may be required by the Postmaster-General for the payment of postage in case he does not eventually become nominated. For the purpose of this provision candidates who are under paragraph (4) of Part V. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Prac- tices Prevention Act, 1883 (j) 9 deemed to be joint candidates at an election shall be treated as a single candidate. Any candidate at a parliamentary election. As to the meaning of these words, see pp. 272 273, infra. subject to regulations of the Postmaster- General, These have not at the date of pub- lication been issued. before he is duly nominated. With regard to a candidate for election to serve in Parliament for a county or borough, the law as to nomination is as follows : He must be nominated in writing(^). The writing must be subscribed by two registered electors of such county or borough as proposer and seconder, and by eight other registered elec- (j) The paragraph here referred to is set out on pp. 229 230, supra. (A-) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. 266 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. tors of the same county or borough as assenting to the nomination, and must be delivered during the time appointed for the election to the return- ing officer by the candidate himself, or his pro- poser or seconder (/). Each candidate must be nominated by a sepa- rate nomination paper, but the same electors or any of them may subscribe as many nomination papers as there are vacancies to be filled, but 110 in ore (m). The nomination paper must be fully filled in before it is subscribed by anyone (n). Where there were four vacancies to be filled, and an elector subscribed four nomination papers, which were duly delivered to the returning officer, and then a fifth, which was also duly delivered to him, the court held that the first four nomination papers were valid, but that the fifth was not (o). Each candidate must be described in the nomi- nation paper in such manner as in the opinion of the returning officer is calculated sufficiently to identify such candidate ; the description must include his names, his abode, and his rank, pro- fession, or calling, and his surname must come first in the list of his names (p). No objection to (I) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. See also Monks v. Jackson (1876), 1 C. P. D. 683, where it was held that a nomination paper delivered by a person who was not the candidate, nor his proposer, nor seconder, was void. (m) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 5. () Htrmon v. Park (1881), 7 Q. B. D. 369 ; Cox v. Dairies, [1898] 2 Q. B. 202. (o) Burgoyne v. Collins (1882), 8 Q. B. D. 450. (p) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 6. There have been numerous decisions on the meaning of words similar to but not exactly the same as these in other Acts ; see Bowden v. Besley (1888), NOMINATION PAPERS. 267 a nomination paper on the ground of the descrip- Sect. 33. tion of the candidate therein being insufficient, or not being in compliance with this rule, shall be allowed or deemed valid, unless such objection is made by the returning officer, or by some other person, at or immediately after the time of the delivery of the nomination paper (q). The returning officer must supply a form of nomination paper to any registered elector re- quiring the same during such two hours as the returning officer may fix, between the hours of ten in the morning and two in the afternoon on each day intervening between the day on which notice of the election was given and the day of election (r), and during the time appointed for the election (s) ; but provided that the nomination paper is in the form prescribed by the Ballot Act, 1872, it need not be a nomination paper supplied by the returning officer (t). The nomination papers must be delivered to the returning officer, at the place of election (u) during the time appointed for the election (s) ; and the candidate nominated by each nomination paper, and his proposer and seconder, and one other person selected by the candidate, and no person other than aforesaid shall, except for the 21 Q, B. D. 309; GhdhiU v. Crowther (1889), 3 Q. B. D. 136 ; Marion v. Gorrilf, ibid. 139, and cases there cited. (q} Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 6. (r) As to the meaning of " day of election," see pp. 179 180, supra, (s} See Ballot Act, First Schedule, r. 4, p. 683, infra. (t} Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 7. () See sect. 32, pp. 222223, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 33. purpose of assisting the returning officer, be entitled to attend the proceedings during the time appointed for the election (t). The returning officer must on the nomination paper being delivered to him, forthwith publish notice of the name of the person nominated as a candidate, and of the names of his proposer and seconder, by placarding or causing to be placarded the names of the candidate and his proposer and seconder in a conspicuous position outside the building in which the room appointed for the election is situate (u). A person is not entitled to have his name in- serted in any ballot paper as a candidate unless he has been nominated in the manner above described, and every person whose nomination paper has been delivered to the returning officer during the time appointed for the election (v) is deemed to have been nominated in manner above described, unless objection be made to his nomi- nation paper by the returning officer, or some other person, before the expiration of the time appointed for the election (v) or within one hour afterwards (x). The returning officer decides on the validity of every objection made to a nomination paper, and his decision, if disallowing the objection, shall be final ; but, if allowing the same, is subject to (0 Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 8. () Ibid. r. 11. (y) See footnote (s), p. 267, supra. (x) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, r. 12. EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS, ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC. reversal on petition questioning the election or sct. 33 return (#). The returning officer's duty in this matter is limited to objections made to the nomination paper ; thus, he has no jurisdiction to entertain an objection that the nomination paper has not been delivered in time (2), and he has no power to deal with an objection to the qualification of the candidate (a). But if a nomination paper appears on the face of it to be an abuse of the right of nomination, e.g., if it purports to nominate a woman, the returning officer should reject it(b). When the returning officer has considered the objection to the nomination paper, and decided that such objection is invalid, the candidate is duly nominated, though he be disqualified and may be unseated on petition (); or (iv) the payment by any person if authorised in writing by the election agent of any necessary expenses for stationery, postage, telegrams, and other petty expenses, to a total amount not exceeding that named in the authority (q). (7) In the case of an election agent, or sub- agent within his district, payment (a) without a judgment or order of a competent Court, or leave of the High Court first obtained, of a claim against a candidate or his election agent in respect of any expenses incurred on account or in respect of the conduct or management of such election, which is not sent in to the election agent within fourteen days after the day on which the candidates returned are declared elected (r) ; (o) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, ss. 25, 28. (p] Ibid. s. 31 (1). (q) llid. B. 31 (3). (r) Ibid. s. 29(2), (3), (8), (9); s. 2fi. ILLEGAL PRACTICES. 297 (b) without such leave, of any of the said expenses Sect. 38. after twenty-eight days after the day on which the candidates returned are declared elected (s). (8) In the case of a candidate or his election agent, failure, without authorised excuse, to com- ply with the requirements of sect. 33 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, as to the return and declara- tion respecting election expenses (if). (9) Making or publishing a false statement of fact in relation to the personal character or con- duct of a candidate for the purpose of affecting his return, unless the person making or publishing such statement can show that he had reasonable grounds for believing and did believe the state- ment made by him to be true (u). (10) Any illegal payment, employment, or hiring by a candidate, his election agent, or sub- agent within his district, if personally guilty thereof (x). (11) Acting or inciting others to act at a political meeting in a disorderly manner for the purpose of preventing the transaction of the business for which the meeting was called to- gether, provided that such meeting is a lawful public meeting held in a parliamentary constitu- (s] Hid. B. 29 (4), (5) ; s. 25. If, however, the election court reports that such payment was made without the sanction or con- nivance of the candidate, his election will not be void nor will he be subject to any incapacity by reason of such payment : ibid. . 29 (6). (t) Ibid. s. 33 (6). As to the position of the sub-agent, see ibid. s. 25. (?t) Corrupt Practices Act, 1895, s. 1. (a?) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, ss. 21 (2), 25. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 38 - ency between the date of the issue (V) of a writ for the return of a member of Parliament for such constituency and the date at which a return to such writ is made (a). (12) Voting for more constituencies than the voter is entitled to vote for in accordance with the present Act, or asking for a ballot or voting paper for the purpose of so voting, provided that (a) the fact that any person has asked for a ballot paper in a constituency in circumstances which entitle him only to mark a tendered ballot paper in pursuance of Rule 27 of the First Part of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, shall not, if he does not exercise that right, prevent his voting or asking for a ballot or voting paper in another constituency (b) ; and (b) the giving of a vote by a returning officer in pursuance of sect. 2 of the Ballot Act, 1872, in the case of an equality of votes, or the asking for a ballot paper for the purpose of so voting, shall not, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be the giving of a vote as a parliamentary elector, or the asking for a ballot paper for the purpose of so voting (b). (13) In the case of a person who is for the time being entitled to vote by proxy in a con- stituency under the present Act, himself voting or attempting to vote at any parliamentary elec- tion in that constituency otherwise than by means (z) The writ is issued by the Speaker of the House of Commons and may sometimes not be received by the returning officer in the constituency until a day later. () Public Meeting Act, 1908, SB. 1, 2. (?>) See sect. 22 of the present Act and pp. 166 167, supra. PUNISHMENT OY ILLEGAL PRACTICES. 299 of the proxy paper, while the proxy paper is in Sect. 38. force (); or (3) Hires or uses as a committee room, for the purpose of promoting or procuring the election of a candidate at an election, or lets, knowing it was intended to use the same as a committee room, any premises or part of any premises, (a) On which the sale by wholesale or retail of any intoxicating Jiquor is authorised by a licence (whether the licence be for consumption on or off the premises) ; or (m] Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 17. (n) See footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. (o) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 14 (1). (p) Ibid. s. 14 (2). 302 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 88. (b) Where any intoxicating liquor is sold, or is supplied to members of a club, society, or association, other than a permanent political club ; or (c) Whereon refreshment of any kind, whether food or drink, is ordinarily sold for con- sumption on the premises ; or (d) Of any public elementary school in receipt of an annual parliamentary grant ; but the provisions of (3) (a), (b), (c), (d), above, do not apply to any part of such premises which is ordinarily let for the purpose of chambers or offices, or the holding of public meetings or of arbitrations, if such part has a separate entrance and no direct communication with any part of the premises on which any intoxicating liquor or re- freshment is sold or supplied as aforesaid (q). A person guilty of an offence of illegal payment, employment, or hiring may be prosecuted in the manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts (r), and shall, on summary conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding 100/. (s). A candidate, or an election agent of a candi- date, who is personally guilty of an offence of illegal payment, employment, or hiring, is guilty of an illegal practice, and is punishable accord- ingly (t). As to the words in the second paragraph of sect. 38, any period prescribed as the period within which proceedings may be commenced. A proceeding (q) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 20. (r) Ibid. s. 54 (1). () Ibid. B. 21 (1). (t) Ibid. e. 21 (2), and see p. 299, supra. RE-ARRANGEMENT OF POLLING DISTRICTS. 303 against a person in respect of the offence of a Sect. 88. corrupt or illegal practice, or any other offence under the Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts, must be commenced within one year after the offence was committed, or if it was committed in reference to an election with respect to which an inquiry is held by election commissioners shall be commenced within one year after the offence was committed, or within three months after the report of such commissioners is made, whichever period last expires, so that it be commenced within two years after the offence was com- mitted (u). In the case of offences under the Ballot Act, 1872, dealt with under I. and II. on pp. 285 287, supra, there is no limit of time within which proceedings must be commenced. By sect. 38 of the present Act, this period shall be reckoned as from the date on which the person charged returned to the United King- dom next after the commission of the offence. 39. The council having power to divide Re-arran ge - a constituency into polling districts shall, JSng not later than one month after the passing tomtit of this Act, take into consideration the division of the constituency into polling- districts, and make any re-arrangements of those districts and of polling places which it appears necessary to make as a conse- quence of alterations effected by this Act. NOTE. The council having power here re- (t*) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 51 (1). 304 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect. 39. Regulations to be laid before Parliament. ferred to is the County Council. See Local Government Act, 1888, s. 3 (xii.). constituency. As to the meaning of this word, see sect. 41 (1), p. 305, infra. In the application of this section to Scotland, by sect. 43 (17) (p. 323, infra) the returning officer is substituted for the council. As to Ireland, see sect. 44 (9), pp. 332 333, infra. 40. (1) All rules, regulations, or pro- visions made by Order in Council under this Act shall be laid before each House of Parliament forthwith ; and unless and until an address is presented to His Majesty by either House of Parliament within the next subsequent twenty-one days on which that House has sat next after any such rule, regulation, or provision is laid before it, praying that the rule, regulation, or pro- vision may be annulled, the rule, regulation, or provision shall have effect as if enacted in this Act. (2) Any Order in Council under this Act may be revoked or varied as occasion requires by any subsequent Order in Council. NOTE. The Orders in Council under this Act which have, up to the time of going to press, been made will be found in Appendices I. and VI., infra. INTERPRETATION. 305 41. In this Act, unless the context other- sect. 41. wise requires, * tion. (1) The expression " constituency " means any county, borough, or combina- tion of places, or university or combination of universities, return- ing a member to serve in Parlia- ment ; and, where a county or borough is divided for the purpose of parliamentary elections, means a division of the county or borough so divided ; and elections for any such division shall be held in 'the same manner and subject to the same provisions as those for un- divided counties or boroughs (x) : (2) The expression "local government electoral area " means the area for which any county council, muni- cipal borough council, metropolitan borough council, district council, board of guardians, parish council, or any other body elected at the time of the passing of this Act by persons on the local government register or on the register of parochial electors is elected ; and (x) For a list of counties, boroughs, combinations of places, and universities and combinations of universities returning members to serve in Parliament, see the Ninth Schedule to the present Act, pp. 404554, infra. Y. 20 306 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 41. the expression " local government election " means an election for any such council, board, or body (y) : (3) The expression " general election ' means an election of members to serve in a new Parliament of the United Kingdom : (4) The expression " university constitu- ency " means a constituency con- sisting of a university or a com- bination of universities ; and the expression " university election " means an election of a member or members of Parliament for a university constituency (s) : (5) A person who is an inmate or patient in any prison, lunatic asylum, workhouse, poorhouse, or any other similar institution shall not by reason thereof be treated as resident therein for any purpose of this Act (a) : (6) The expression " transferable vote " (b) means a vote (a) capable of being given so as (y) See sect. 3, pp. 40 41, s. 4 (3), pp. 6465, and s. 8 (2), pp. 101102, supra. (z) For a list of university constituencies, see the Ninth Schedule to the present Act, Part III., p. 554, infra. As to university elections, see s. 36, pp. 279 280, supra. (a) See p. 15, supra. (b] See sect. 20, pp. 155157, and pp. 158160, supra. INTERPRETATION. 307 to indicate the voter's preference Sect - 41 - for the candidates in order ; and (b) capable of being transferred to the next choice when the vote is not required to give a prior choice the necessary quota of votes, or when, owing to the deficiency in the number of the votes given for a prior choice, that choice is eliminated from the list of candidates (c} : (7) For the purposes of registration a person's age shall be taken to be that person's age on the last day of the qualifying period (d) : (8) The expression " dwelling-house " in- cludes any part of a house where that part is occupied separately as a dwelling-house (e) : (9) The yearly value of land or premises shall be taken to be the gross estimated rental, or in the metro- polis the gross value, where those premises are separately assessed to rates, and in any other case shall be deemed to be the amount which would in the opinion of the (c) See sect. 20, pp. 155 157, and pp. 158160, supra, (d} See pp. 4 and 81, supra, (e) See pp. 49 55 and 70, supra. 20 (2) 308 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. ^ ec ^3^ registration officer be the gross estimated rental or gross value, as the case requires if they were separately assessed (/) : (10) The expression " afloat " and ex- pressions relating to service afloat in connection with naval and mili- tary voters shall be interpreted in accordance with rules (g) made for the purpose by the Admiralty (h) : (11) The expression " prescribed " means prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council. Adaptation 42. The parliamentary and the local government franchises enacted by this Act shall take the place of all parliamentary and, so far as respects local government elections within the meaning of this Act, of all local government franchises existing at the time of the passing of this Act ; and the provisions set out in the Sixth Schedule to this Act with respect to the adaptation of Acts shall have effect for the purpose of adapting the law to the provisions of this Act. NOTE. For the Sixth Schedule to this Act, see pp. 386 390, infra. (/) See pp. 28-33, 6869, 71, supra. (g) Set out on p. 628, infra. (h) See sect. 5 (3) (ii), pp. 7778, and pp. 8384, supra. APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 809 43. This Act shall apply to Scotland, sect. 43. subject to the following modifications : to p scltiand (1) Unless the context otherwise re- quires (a) The word " borough" ex- cept as used in the expression "parliamentary borough" means " burgh " ; (b) The expression " local govern- ment electoral area" means the area for which any county council, town council, parish council, or school board, is elected, and " local government election " means an election for any such council or board ; (c) The expression " the Local Government Board " (except where otherwise expressly provided) means the Secretary for Scotland ; (d) The expression " Valuation Acts " means the Lands Valuation n&isvict. (Scotland) Act, 1854, and any Acts * 9L amending the same ; (e) The expression " governing body ' used in relation to a uni- versity means the university court ; ( f ) A reference to the Supreme Court shall be construed as a reference to the Court of Session ; 310 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 19 L8. Sect ' 43 - (g) A reference to the Court of Appeal shall be construed as a reference to the Court of three judges of the Court of Session constituted by the twenty-third section of the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868 ; (h) A reference to the county court shall be construed as a refer- ence to the sheriff court : (2) The yearly value of any subjects shall be taken to be the value appearing in the valuation roll where those subjects are separately valued in that roll, and in any other case shall be deemed to be the value which would in the opinion of the registration officer be entered therein if they were so valued (') : (3) The section () of this Act relating to local government franchise (men) shall not apply, and in lieu thereof * (a) A man who is of full age and not subject to any legal incapacity shall be entitled to be registered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area if (i) See sect. 1 (3), p. 3, sect. 4 (1) (c), p. 64, and sect. 7 (1) (b), p. 98, supra. (&) See sect. 3, pp. 40 41, supra. APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 311 he is on the last day of the qualify- sect. 43. ing period and has been during the whole of that period (i) the owner of lands and heri- tages within the area of the yearly yalue of not less than ten pounds : Where such lands and heritages are in the joint ownership of two or more persons and the aggregate yearly value of the lands and heritages is not less than the amount produced by multiplying ten pounds by the number of the joint owners, each of the joint owners shall be treated as owning lands and heritages of the yearly value of not less than ten pounds ; or (ii) the occupier as tenant of lands and heritages within the area of the yearly value of not less than ten pounds : Where such lands and heritages are in the joint occupation as tenants of two or more persons, and the aggregate yearly value of the lands and heritages is not less than the amount produced by multiplying ten pounds by the number of the REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 43. joint occupiers, each of the joint occupiers shall be treated as oc- cupying lands and heritages of the yearly value of not less than ten pounds; or (iii) the inhabitant occupier as owner or tenant of a dwelling- house within the area ; or (iv) the occupier of lodgings within the area of the yearly value if let unfurnished of not less than ten pounds : Where such lodgings are in the joint-occupation of not more than two persons and the aggregate yearly- value as aforesaid of the lodgings is not less than twenty pounds, each of the joint lodgers shall be treated as occupy- ing lodgings of the yearly value of not less than ten pounds : or (vj the inhabitant occupier by virtue of any office, service, or em- ployment of a dwelling - house within the area which is not in- habited by the person in whose service he is in such office, service, or employment : (b) The ownership or occupation in immediate succession of different APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 313 lands and heritages, dwelling- sect. 43. houses, or lodgings, as the case may be, in the same parliamentary county or in the same parliamentary borough shall have the like effect in qualifying a man to be regis- tered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area therein, respectively, as the continued ownership or occupation of the same lands and heritages, dwelling-houses, or lodgings within that area ; (c) In this section "owner" shall include heir of entail in possession, life-renter, and bene- ficiary entitled under any trust to the rents and profits of lands and heritages and shall not include the fiar of lands and heritages subject to a life-rent, nor tutor, curator, judicial factor, nor commissioner; 4 * lands and heritages'' has the same meaning as in the Valuation Acts, and " dwelling-house " means any house or part of a house occu- pied as a separate dwelling : (4) Subsection (1) of the section (I) of this (?) See sect. 4, pp. 63 64, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 43 - Act relating to franchises (women) shall not apply, and in lieu thereof- (a) A woman who is not subject to any legal incapacity shall be entitled to be registered as a par- liamentary elector for a constitu- ency (other than a university constituency) if she has attained the age of thirty years, and if either she or her husband is on the last day of the qualifying period occupying as owner or tenant any land or premises in the constituency (hereinafter in this subsection called " the qualifying premises "), and has during the whole of the qualifying period so occupied any land or premises in the county or county of a city in which the qualifying premises are situated : (b) For the purposes of this sub- section (i) the word "tenant" shall include a person who inhabits by virtue of any office, service, or em- ployment any dwelling-house which is not inhabited by the person in APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 315 whose service he or she is in such sect. 43. office, service, or employment : (ii) the word " tenant " shall include a person who occupies a room or rooms as a lodger only where such room or rooms are let to him or her in an unfurnished state : (iii) the expression "land or premises " means any land or pre- mises (other than a dwelling-house) of the yearly value of not less than five pounds or any dwelling-house : (iv) a woman, though she or her husband may have been occupying land or premises in the con- stituency on the last day of the qualifying period, shall not be en- titled to be so registered, if she or her husband, as the case may be, commenced to occupy the land or premises within thirty days before the end of the qualifying period and ceased to occupy them within thirty days after the com- mencement of such occupation ; (v) the word " county " means a county inclusive of all burghs therein except a county of a city, REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 8601:43 and the word "dwelling-house" means any house or part of a house occupied as a separate dwelling : (vi) where land or premises are in the joint occupation of two or more persons, each of the joint occupiers shall be treated as occupy- ing the same, provided that not more than two joint occupiers shall be so treated in respect of the same land or premises, unless they are bona fide engaged as partners, carrying on their profession, trade, or business on the land or premises, and provided further that in the case of land or premises (other than a dwelling - house) the aggregate yearly value thereof must be not less than the amount produced by multiplying five pounds by the number of joint occupiers : (c) A woman registered by virtue of this section shall be deemed to be registered by virtue of her own or her husband's local government qualification : (5) Subsection (1) of the section (/) of this (/) See sect. 7, pp. 9899, supra. APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 317 Act relating to supplemental pro- sect. 43. visions as to residence and occupa- tion shall not apply except in so far as that subsection relates to the parliamentary franchise for men, and subsection (4) ( /) of the said sec- tion shall not apply (m) : (6) The section (n) of this Act relating to provisions as to disqualifications shall have effect as if the following provision were enacted therein : A person shall not be disqualified from being registered or from voting as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that he is the town clerk or depute town clerk of any burgh or the assessor under the Valuation Acts in any burgh or county : (7) The section (0) of this Act relating to provision as to qualification of councillor shall not apply : (8) The section (p) of this Act relating to registration officers and areas shall not apply, and in lieu thereof Each burgh, the town council (0 Seep. 100. (w) See pp. 5657, s. 4, pp. 6365, 6970, and 74. (n) See sect. 9, pp. 112115, supra. (o) See sect. 10, p. 123, supra. (p} See sect. 12, pp. 130131, supra. 318 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sect. 43. whereof was entitled under the law in force at the passing of this Act to appoint an assessor for the purpose of parliamentary registra- tion, and each county (exclusive of every such burgh), or, where any county is divided for the purpose of parliamentary elections, each part of the county (with the like exclusion) which lies within a separate parliamentary division, shall be a registration area ; and the assessor of the burgh or county under the Valuation Acts, or where there are two or more such assessors, one of them appointed for the purpose of parliamentary registration by the town or county council, as the case may be, shall be the registration officer of that area, and all other assessors (if any) in that area shall, for the purpose of the registration of parliamentary and local government electors, be subject to the instructions of the registration officer and shall be bound to act on such instructions : Provided that, from and after the date when the first register under this Act shall have been APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 310 completed, an officer of Inland Sect - 43 - Revenue shall not be appointed or continue to act as assessor for any burgh or county under the Valuation Acts without the consent of the Treasury : (9) The provisions regarding the appoint- ment of an assistant judge in the section (q) of this Act relating to appeals shall not apply : (10) In the application of the section (r) of this Act relating to right to the use of elementary schools the ex- pression " any public elementary school " means "any school in receipt of a parliamentary grant " : (11) The first subsection of the section (s) of this Act relating to expenses of registration shall not apply, and in lieu thereof Any expenses properly incurred by any registration officer in the performance of his duties in relation to registration, including all proper and reasonable charges for trouble, care, and attention in the performance of those duties (q} See sect. 14 (6), pp. 136137, supra. (r) See sect. 25, pp. 204205, supra. () See sect. 15, pp. 139140, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 4 3. and any cost incurred by him as party to an appeal (in this Act referred to as " registration ex- penses "), shall be paid by the council appointing the registration officer : Provided that, where a burgh within the meaning of the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889, is not a separate registration area, the council thereof shall pay to the council appointing the registration officer a contribution towards the registration expenses, and subsection (4) of section sixty and section sixty-six of that Act shall apply, with the necessary modifications, to such contribution. The amount necessary to defray any registration expenses or any contribution thereto, as the case may be, shall be assessed and levied in any one of the modes allowed by the Valuation Acts with respect to the costs and expenses of making up the valuation roll : (12) In subsection (5) of the section (t) of this Act relating to expenses of registration the expression "the " council whose clerk the registra- (t) See sect. 15 (5), p, 141, ivpra. APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 321 "tion officer is " means "the sect. 43. " council appointing the registra- tion officer" : (13) The sections (w) of this Act relating to returning officers and to discharge of returning officers' duties by an acting returning officer shall not apply, and in lieu thereof : The returning officer at parlia- mentary elections (other than a university election) shall as hereto- fore be the sheriff of the sheriffdom within which the constituency is wholly situated or, where the con- stituency is situated in more than one sheriffdom, the sheriff specified in the Seventh Schedule (x) to this Act, and the power of appointing deputies conferred by section eight of the Ballot Act, 1872, on certain sheriffs shall be exerciseable by any sheriff who is returning officer for more than one constituency or who, by reason of sickness or un- avoidable absence, is incapacitated from performing any of the duties devolving upon him as returning officer, and in the event of no (u] See sects. 28 and 30, pp. 211 and 217 218, supra. (a?) Set out on p. 391, infra. F. 21 322 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 43. such appointment being made by a sheriff so incapacitated or in the event of any vacancy in the office of sheriff at the time when any of such duties require to be per- formed, the sheriff substitute at the place at which the writ for the election is appointed to be received shall act as returning officer, and shall perform all the duties and have all the powers (including the power of appointing deputies) of such returning officer : (14) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection ( 1 ) of the section (x) of this Act relating to polls to be held 'on one day at a general election, etc., the poll at any general or bye -election for the constituency of Orkney and Zetland shall remain open for two consecutive days as heretofore : (15) The provisions of the last paragraph of the section (y) of this Act re- lating to register for university constituencies shall not apply, and the said section shall have effect as if regulation sixteen of section (x] See sect. 21, p. 161, supra. (y] See sect. 19, pp. 153 154, su,pr) See sect. 12 (3), pp. 130131, supra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 44 - construed as references to the Local Government Board for Ireland : (3) (a) The clerk of the crown and peace for an administrative county, not being a county borough, shall be the registration officer for any parliamentary county which is coterminous with, or the whole or greater part of which is contained in, the administrative county, and for any parliamentary borough of which the whole or greater part is contained in the administrative county and no part is contained in a county borough, and the clerk of the crown and peace for a county borough shall be the regis- tration officer for any parliamentary borough which is coterminous with, or the whole or any part of which is contained in, the county borough (c) 9 and the council of that administrative county or county borough, as the case may be, shall be the council by which the registration expenses of that registration officer are to be paid, subject in cases where the parlia- mentary county or parliamentary borough is not coterminous with, or wholly contained in, the admin- istrative county or county borough, (c) See sect. 12 (2), p. 130, supra. APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 329 as the case may be, to such con- Sect - 44 - tribution by the council of any other administrative couijty or county borough as the Local Government Board may direct (d) : Provided that the registration ex- penses to be paid by a council shall not include any charges for trouble, care, and attention, in the performance of duties which are performed by the registration officer in person : Provided also that the persons who, at the passing of this Act, are town clerks for the county borough of Dublin and the county borough of Belfast, respec- tively, shall, so long as they hold their respective offices, be the registration officers for the parlia- mentary borough of Dublin and the parliamentary borough of Belfast, respectively, and that the last preceding proviso shall not apply in their case. (b) The registration expenses (d) shall be paid in the case of the council of a county borough, out of the rate or fund out of which the general expenses of the council are paid, or out of any other rate or fund which the Local Govern- ment Board may on the applica- (d) See sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra. 330 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 44 - tion of the council approve, and, in the case of a council of any other administrative county, out of the poor rate as a county at large charge, except in cases ta which section twelve of the Parlia- 48 & 49 vict. mentary Registration (Ireland) Act, 1885, applies (e) : (c) In the event of any vacancy in the office of registration officer or in the event of the registration officer's incapacity to act, the powers and duties of the registra- tion officer may be exercised and performed by any person tempo - rarily appointed in that behalf by the Lord Chancellor (/) : (d) The power of advancing sums to a registration officer on account of registration expenses shall be exerciseable by the council by which those expenses are to be paid (g) : (e) This section, in its applica- tion to the county of Tipperary, shall have effect as if each parlia- mentary division of the county were a separate parliamentary county, and as if the clerk of the crown and peace for the entire (e} See sect. 15, pp. 139 141, supra. (/) See sect. 12 (4), p. 131, supra. (0) See sect. 15 (5), p. 141, supra. APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 331 county were clerk of the crown Sect - and peace for the administrative counties of the North Riding and the South Riding respectively : (4) Where an administrative county is divided into ridings the Lord Lieutenant may, by order, divide the parliamentary county into a corresponding number of registra- tion areas, and make any adap- tations of this Act which may be necessary in consequence of the division, and the clerk of the crown and peace for any riding shall be registration officer (h) for such of those areas as may be directed by the Lord Lieutenant : (5) For the purposes of appeals from the registration officer, and also for the purpose of the revision of jurors' lists, the powers and juris- diction of the county court shall, unless and until the Lord Lieu- tenant otherwise direct, be exer- cised, as respects the parliamentary borough of Dublin, by the persons who are at the time of the passing of this Act Dublin revising barristers, and as respects the parliamentary county of Dublin by the person who is at the time of the passing of this Act revising (h) See sect, 12, pp. 130131, 8i>i>ra. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ALT, 1918. Sect - 44 ; barrister for that county ; but while those powers are so exer- cised, the provisions of this Act as to county courts shall apply to those persons as they apply to county courts, with the necessary modifications, and in particular with the modification that assistant judges may be appointed to assist those persons if, in the opinion of the Lord Chancellor, such appoint- ment is necessary in order to enable the appeals to be disposed of with proper dispatch (t) : (6) The expenses of any printing required in connection with registration shall be treated as part of the expenses (k) of the registration officer under this Act, notwith- standing that the printing is ar- ranged for by the county council under section ninety-six of the 6i & 62 vict. Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898: (7) The expression " assistant overseer " (/) means a town clerk, secretary of a county council, clerk of an urban district council, an existing clerk of the union, within the meaning of the Local Government (Ireland) (/) See sect. 14, pp. 135 137, supra, (k) See sect. 15, pp. 139 141, supra. (/) See sect. 18, pp. 148149, tuprtt. APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 333 Act, 1898, and a collector of poor Sect - 44 - rate : (8) Notwithstanding the limit imposed in subsection (2) of section twenty- seven of the County Officers and Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877, the salaries of clerks of the crown and peace may be increased by orders made under that subsection to such extent as appears to the Lord Lieutenant and Council, with the concurrence of the Treasury, to be proper, haying regard to the addi- tional duties imposed on those officers by this Act(m) : Provided that the liability of a clerk of the crown and peace to account for sums other than registration ex- penses received by him as registra- tion officer shall not extend to any such increase of salary : (9) The provisions (n) with respect to the division of constituency into polling districts and appointment of polling places shall have effect with the following modifications : (a) A reference to the council by which the registration expenses of the registration officer for any constituency are to be paid shall be substituted for the reference to (m) See sect. 44 (3) (a), pp. 328329, supra. (n) See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 334 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Sect - 44 the council whose clerk the regis- tration officer for any constituency is, or by whom the registration officer is appointed (-n) : (b) The powers of a council under the said provisions shall be exercised in accordance with rules made by the Local Government Board, and any exercise of the powers shall be subject to con- firmation by that Board who may confirm the proposed division, ap- pointment or alteration either with or without modifications, or may withhold confirmation (n) : (c) The Board may cause a local inquiry to be held as respects any questions arising in connection with the said provisions, and article thirty-two of the schedule to the Local Government (Application of Enactments) Order, 1898, shall apply to any such inquiry (n) : (10) Part IV. of this Act (o), and the provisions with respect to an urban district which is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, a registra- tion area (p), or with respect to the persons who are to be return- ing officers ( 14 (1). REGISTRATION RULES (a). Form of Register. 1 . The register shall be framed in separate parts (6) far Separate part each registration unit in the registration area. f register The registration unit shall be the parish where the gistration parish is wholly contained in one voting area, and where umt ' a parish is contained in more than one voting area, shall be each part of the parish contained in a separate voting area; and for the purposes of this rule the expression "voting area" means any polling district, electoral divi- sion, borough, county district other than a borough, and any ward of a borough, county district, or parish, and any other area for which a separate election at which the register is to be used is held. 2. The register shall, as respects each registration unit, Separate contain the names of those who are entitled to vote as parliament parliamentary electors and of those who are entitled to taT 7 an<1 vote as local government electors, but shall be framed so ment electors, as to show in separate divisions the names of those who are entitled to vote both as parliamentary and local govern- ment electors, the names of those who are entitled to vote as parliamentary electors but not as local government elec- tors, and the names of those who are entitled to vote as local government electors but not as parliamentary electors (c) . Where a person whose name is entered as a local government elector in any registration unit is not entitled () See sect, 13, set out on pp. 133134, and sect. 14 (1), p. 135, supra. (1} See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 4, p. 748, infra, as to supplement to be added to part of register relating to polling 'district. (c) See Form of Register, pp. 577 578, infra. 22 (2) 340 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Absent voters list. Register to be made up in street or alphabetical order. Effect of register. to vote in respect of that entry at the local government elections for all the local government electoral areas which comprise that unit, the registration officer shall place a mark against his name, with a note to signify that the person against whose name the mark is placed is not entitled to vote for the local government elections men- tioned in the note, and any such note shall be deemed to be part of the register (c). 3. The registration officer shall prepare and add as a supplement to the register a separate list (d) for the whole registration area, or, where the area includes more than one constituency, for each constituency in the area, of persons entitled to vote as absent voters (e) (in this Act referred to as the absent voters list) without, however, removing the names of those voters from any other part of the register. Every such list shall be made up according to polling districts (/) . 4. Where the registration unit is situated in a parlia- mentary borough, the names in the register shall be arranged in street order, unless the authority whose clerk the registration officer is or by whom he is appointed con- siders that, having regard to the general character of the area forming the registration unit, arrangement in street order is inapplicable; and where the registration unit is situated in a parliamentary county, the names in the register shall be arranged in alphabetical order, unless the said authority considers that, having regard to the general character of the area forming the registration unit, arrangement in street order is possible and convenient (g). 5. The registers for the registration units making up any constituency, so far as they relate to parliamentary (c) As to the mark and note here referred to, see p. 577, infra. . (d) For arrangement of names in and form of absent voters list, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, par. 3, p. 748, infra and Third Schedule, p. 751, infra. (e) See sect. 23, pp. 173176, and pp. 177178, supra. (/) See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. (g) For Form of Register in street order and in alphabetical order see pp. 603604, infra. REGISTRATION RULES. 341 electors, shall together form the register of parliamentary electors for that constituency, and the registers of the registration units making up any local government elec- toral area, so far as they relate to local government electors, shall together form the register of local government electors for that area. Duty of Registration Officer to prepare and publish Lists. 6. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to cause Duty of a house to house or other sufficient inquiry to be made, and to prepare or cause to be prepared lists (in this Act referred pare electors' to as electors lists) for each registration unit within his registration area of all persons appearing to be entitled to be registered (g) e adopted by the registration officer when he receives the information too late to* include the naval or military voter in the electors lists, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918. rule 7, p. 749, infra. (p) See sect, 23, pp. 173170. siyira. ( voters list) as are required in order to carry out his decisions on any objection or claims, and shall also make any such corrections in those lists by way of the removal of duplicate entries (subject to any expression of choice by the person affected as to those entries), the expunging r) See rules 12 15, pp. 344 345, supru. s) See rules 911, pp. 342343, supra. t) See rule 34, pp. 351352, infra. 348 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Voting iu different polling districts. Objections to correction*. of the names of persons who are dead or subject to any legal incapacity (g), or the placing of marks (r) or the correction of marks placed against the name of an elector, or other- wise as he thinks necessary in order to secure that no person is registered as a parliamentary elector in respect of more than one qualification in the same constituency, or as a local government elector in respect of more than one qualification (a) in the same borough for the purpose of borough council elections; or (b) in the same electoral division or ward for the pur- pose of county council, metropolitan borough council, and urban district council elections; or (c) in the same parish or ward of a parish for the purpose of rural district council, guardians, or parish elections; and otherwise to make those lists complete and accurate as a register. 24. Any person whose name shall appear in the list of parliamentary voters of any registration unit in any county constituency or district of boroughs, and who resides outside the polling district (s) in which he is entitled to be registered, shall be at liberty to make his claim (t) before the registration officer to vote at any other polling place within the same constituency (u). Any such person shall be admitted to vote at such polling place accordingly. 25 . Where the registration officer makes any correction in the lists (including the absent voters list) otherwise than in pursuance of a claim or objection, or for the pur- poses of correcting a clerical error, he shall give notice (x) to the person affected by the correction, and give that person ((/) See pp. 47, 42, 6768, 74, 75 and 82, supra, (r) See rule 2, pp. 339340, supra. [si\ See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. (t} As to the time for making this claim and for form, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 5, p. 748, infra. (n) See ibid., rule 4, p. 748, infra. (r) See rulo 34, pp. 351352, Vn/w. REGISTRATION RULES. an opportunity of objecting to the correction, and, if necessary, of being heard with respect thereto. 26 . The registration officer shall make' all the necessary Formation of corrections of the lists (including the absent voters list) and do everything necessary to form those lists into a register (with a separate letter and a separate series of numbers for each polling district (t/)) in time to allow the publication of the lists so corrected as a register as required by these rules (z) . Duty to publish and deliver Copies of the Register. 27 . It shall be the duty of the registration officer to Publication of publish the spring register not later than the fifteenth day of April (#), and the autumn register not later than the fifteenth day of October (a) in each year, fay publishing (>) a notice that a copy of the register is open to inspection at his office, and that copies of the part of the register relating to any registration unit are open to inspection during business hours in the registration unit at the place mentioned in the notice. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to keep copies of the register for inspection in his office, and also to arrange for copies of the part of the register relating to any registration unit being kept for inspection in that unit either in the principal post office (if the Postmaster General gives authority for the purpose) or at some other convenient place to which the public have access to be arranged by him. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to transmit, a copy of the register, as soon as may be after it is pub- lished, to the Local Government Board. (y] See Form of Begister, p. 577, infra. (z) See rules 68, pp. 341342, supra. (a) As regards tlie first register under the Act, 1st October is substituted for this date. See pp. 128129, supra. (b) See rule 31, pp. 350 351, infra. As to the period during which the first register is to be kept published, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. 350 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Delivery of copies of the register. 28. It shall be the duty of the registration officer, on the application of any person during business hours and on payment of the prescribed fee (c), to furnish copies to the applicant of the register or of so much of the register as relates to any registration unit. Notice of appeal from registration officer. Appeals relating to the same point. Publication documents. Appeals from Registration Officer. 29. A person desiring to appeal against the decision of a registration officer must give notice of appeal in the prescribed form (d) to the registration officer and to the opposite party, if any, when the decision is given or within five days thereafter, specifying the grounds of appeal. The registration officer shall forward any such notices to the county court in manner directed by rules of court (e) together, in each case, with a statement of the material facts which, in his opinion, have been established in the case, and of his decision upon the whole case and on any point which may be specified as a ground of appeal, and shall also furnish to the court any further information which the court may require and which he is able to furnish . 30. Where it appears to the registration officer that any notices of appeal given to him are based on similar grounds, he shall inform (e) the county court of the fact for the purpose of enabling the county court (if the court thinks fit) to consolidate the appeals, or select a case as a test case. General. f 31. Where the registration officer by these rules is required to publish any document, and no specific pro- vision is made as to the mode of publication, he shall publish the document by making copies of the document (c) For the amount of this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. (d) For forms, see p. 575 576, infra. (c) See p. 639, infra. REGISTRATION RULES. 301 available for inspection by the public in his office, and in the chief post office (if the Postmaster General gives authority for the purpose), or some other convenient place in the area forming the registration unit to which the document relates and, if he thinks fit, in any other manner which is, in his opinion, desirable for the purpose of bringing the contents of the document to the notice of those interested. Any document required to be published shall be kept published for the prescribed time(/). Any failure to publish a document in accordance with these rules shall not invalidate the document, but this provision shall not relieve the registration officer from any penalty (g) for such a failure. If any person without lawful authority destroys, muti- lates, defaces or removes any notice published by the regis- tration officer in connection with his registration duties, or any copies of a document which have been made available for inspection in pursuance of these rules, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five pounds. 32. The registration officer shall, without fee, on the Dutj of regie- application of any person, supply forms of claims and to supply notices of objections. forms. 33. The registration officer shall, on the application of Supply of any person, allow that person to inspect, and take extracts claims, ob- from, or on payment of the prescribed fee (h), supply to that J ectlon8 > &c - person copies of, the electors lists for any registration unit in his area and any claim or notice of objection made under these rules. 34. Any claim or notice of objection which is under Mode of these rules to be sent to the registration officer may be notices* &c. sent to him by post addressed to him at his office. (/) See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. (g) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra. (h) For the amount of this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. 852 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Information from house- holders. Access to national register. Declaration as to age and nationality. Any notice which is required to be sent by the regis- tration officer under these rules to any person shall be sufficiently sent if sent by post to the address of that person as given by him for the purpose, or as appealing on the lists, or if there is no such address, to his last known place of abode . 35. The registration officer may require any house- holder or any person owning or occupying any land or premises within his area, or the agent or factor of such person, to give, in the prescribed form ($), any information in his possession which the registration officer may require for the purpose of his duties as registration officer; and if any person fails to give the required information, or gives false information, he shall be liable, on summary con- viction, to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds. Any notice requiring information under this rule may be sent by post. 36. The registration officer shall, subject to such direc- tions (&) as the Local Government Board may give, have access to the national register compiled under the National Registration Act, 1915. 37. The registration officer, before registering any person as an elector, may, if he thinks it necessary (a) require that person either to produce a certificate of birth or, if that is not practicable or con- venient, to make a statutory declaration that such person has attained the required age, and (b) require that person to produce a certificate of naturalisation or to make a statutory declaration that he is a British subject. Where a declaration is so required, any fee payable in connection therewith shall be paid by the registration officer as part of his registration expenses (?), and the declaration shall be exempt from stamp duty. (t) For forms (1 to 6), see pp. 556 561, infra. (k] See p. 580, infra. (/) See sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra. REGISTRATION RULES. 35 The registration officer shall during business hours allow any person to inspect and take a copy of any such declaration . 38. Where for the purpose of the provisions of this p werto Act any person requires a certificate of birth, that person JjJjJjjJJ^J^ f shall on presenting a written requisition in the prescribed birth at form (m) and containing the prescribed particulars, and on r payment of a fee of sixpence, be entitled to obtain a certi- fied copy of any entry of the birth of that person in the birth register under the hand of the registrar or the super- intendent registrar having the custody thereof, and form,- of requisition for the purpose shall on application b supplied without charge by every registrar of births and deaths and by every superintendent registrar. 39. On the consideration of any claim or objection oj Hearing of other matter by the registration officer, any person ap- oty^tkms. pearing to the registration officer to be interested may appear and be heard either in person or by any other person, other than counsel, on his behalf. 40 . The registration officer may at the request of any Power to person interested, or if he thinks fit without such request, on the consideration of any claim or objection or other oath, matter require that the evidence tendered by any person should be given on oath and may administer an oath for the purpose. 41 . No misnomer or inaccurate description of any Provisions as person or place on any list or on the register or in any or^^uTate notice shall prejudice the operation of this Act or these description, rules as respects that person or place, provided that the person or place is so designated as to be commonly under- stood. 42. In reckoning time for the purpose of these rules. Reckoning of Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and any bank tlme> holiday or day set apart as a public holiday, or day of (m) See p. 576, infra. F. 23 354 REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. public fast, or public thanksgiving shall be excluded; and where anything is required by these rules to be done on any day falls to be done on any such day, that thing may be done on the next day not being one of any such days . Application of Rules to Scotland and Ireland. Application 43. These rules shall apply to Scotland subject to the to Scotland. ... . >,, i following modifications, namely: The Secretary for Scotland shall be substituted for the Local Government Board: The provision for the transmission of a copy of the register to the Local Government Board shall not apply: Rule 2 shall apply as if after the words " in separate divisions" there were inserted the words "or other- wise to distinguish:" For the reference to section twenty-four of the Munici- pal Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Act, 1884, there shall be substituted a reference to section twenty-nine of the Elections (Scotland) (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Act, 1890. 44. These rules shall apply to Ireland subject to the following modifications, namely: (1) References to the Local Government Board shall be construed as references to the Local Govern- ment Board for Ireland. (2) The district electoral division as constituted under the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, shall be the registration unit; but (a) where a district electoral division is divided into wards, each such ward shall be treated as a separate registration unit; and (b) where a district electoral division is situate partly in one parliamentary polling district, partly in another, or partly within and REGISTRATION RULES (IRELAND). 366 partly without any town (within the meaning of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898), or ward of a borough or town, each part shall be treated as a separate registration unit; and references to parishes or parts of parishes shall not apply. (3) References to the autumn register shall be construed as references to the yearly register, and refer- ences to the spring register shall not apply. (4) The expression " overseers " includes town clerks, secretaries of county councils, clerks of urban district councils, existing clerks of the union within the meaning of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, and collectors of poor rate. (5) The power of the registration officer in certain cases to require the overseers to perform duties in con- nection with registration under this Act shall be construed in all cases as an obligation upon him to require each person holding the office of over- seer to perform duties analogous to the duties which, but for the passing of this Act, would have been performed by that person by virtue of his office under the enactments relative to registration in force at the commencement of this Act, and it shall be the duty of every such person to comply with those requirements. In order to give full effect to the foregoing provision the clerk of the crown and peace for a county borough shall, as respects any parlia- mentary borough for which he is registration officer, appoint the town clerk of the county borough to act as his deputy for the purposes of Eules 9 to 15 and for the purpose of pub- lishing the lists and notices to be published under Rules 6 and 8 of this Schedule if the town clerk so desires, and any town clerk so appointed shall, 23 (2) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. for the purposes aforesaid, have the like powers and duties and be subject to the like liabilities as if he were registration officer. Any question which may arise as to what duties are analogous duties within the meaning of the provision aforesaid shall be determined by the Local Government Board, whose determina- tion shall be final. (6) The overseers shall be entitled to payment for ser- vices performed and expenses incurred by them in the execution of any duties under these rules. The payments shall be made at such times as may be fixed by order of the Local Government Board for Ireland under this Schedule, and any sum payable to an overseer under this provision shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as part of the registration expenses of the regis- tration officer on whose requisition the services were performed or the expenses were incurred. This provision shall apply to any superin- tendent registrar of births and deaths or clerk of the union who is not an existing clerk of the union, so far as respects lists or informa- tion supplied by him on the requisition of the registration officer in connection with deaths in like manner as it applies to overseers. (7) Th reference to the authority whose officer the registration officer is, or by whom he is ap- pointed, shall be construed as a reference to the .county borough council in the case of registration units in a county borough, and as a reference to the county council in the case of registration units in an administrative county, and the regis- ter for any registration unit in an administrative county shall be arranged alphabetically in town- land order if the county council consider that such arrangement is more convenient than SECOND SCHEDULE. 357 arrangement in alphabetical order of names or in street order. (8) Rule 2 of this Schedule shall be construed as if the words " or otherwise to distinguish " were in- serted after the words " in separate divisions," and as if the direction as to placing marks against the names of local government electors were omitted. (9) For the direction to the registration officer in Eule 23 of this schedule to secure that no person is registered as a local government elector in respect of more than one qualification in the areas and for the purposes therein specified, there shall be substituted a direction to secure that no person is registered as a local government elector in respect of more than one qualification in the same district electoral division or ward. SECOND SCHEDULE. Section 21 (i)'. PART I. (). MODIFICATIONS OF THE BALLOT ACT, 1872 ( FIRST SCHEDULE). The following provisions shall be inserted in the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, after Rules "2 and 14 respectively (o), that is to say: " 2A. In an election of members to serve in a new Par- liament of the United Kingdom the day fixed by the returning officer for the election shall in all cases be the eighth day after the date of His Majesty's gracious Proclamation declaring the calling of the Parliament." (n) See sect. 21 (1), set out on p. 161, supra. (o) For Eules 2 and 14, see pp. 682683 and 685 respectively. 358 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. "14A. In an election of members to serve in a new Parliament of the United Kingdom, the day appointed by the returning officer for the poll shall in all cases be the ninth day after the day fixed for the election." Section 22 (2). PART II. (p) . Questions. 1 . In the case of a man voting in respect of a residence qualification Have you already voted at this general election in respect of a residence qualification? 2. In the case of a man voting in respect of a qualifica- tion other than a residence qualification- Have you already voted at this general election in respect of a qualification other than a residence qualification ? 3. In the case of a woman voting at an election other than a university election Have you already voted at this general election? [NOTE. Unless the answer to the question is in the negative the woman shall not vote unless she satisfies the presiding officer that her previous vote was given at a university election.] Declarations at University Election (q) . (Applicable only at a General Election.) (In the case of a man) " I have not voted at this general election in respect of any qualification other than a residence qualification." (In the case of a woman) " I have not voted at this general election for any other university constituency." (p) See sect. 22 (2), set out on p. 165, supra, and see also pp. 167 172, $upra. (q) See p. 172, supra. VOTING BY PROXY. THIRD SCHEDULE. Section 23 PROVISIONS AS TO VOTING BY PROXY (r) . 1 . A proxy must be appointed by means of a proxy paper issued to the elector, or to some person on behalf of the elector, or to the person appointed as proxy, by the registration officer of the constituency in which the elector is registered, on an application made or authorised by the elector in accordance with regulations (s) under this Act. 2. After a proxy paper for any constituency has been issued in accordance with this Act, the elector shall, unless the proxy paper is cancelled in accordance with this Act, (a) be entitled to vote by proxy in that constituency; and (b) be prohibited from voting otherwise than by proxy in that constituency; until the time for which the proxy paper is in force has expired. 3 . It shall be the duty of the registration officer, on any application for a proxy paper, to issue a proxy paper to the applicant, or to some person on his behalf, or to the person appointed as proxy, if he is satisfied that the appli- cant is registered on the parliamentary register of electors for the constituency in respect of which the application is made, and is, at the time of the application, entitled to appoint a proxy (t). 4. A proxy paper shall remain in force only so long as the parliamentary register of electors which is in force at the time the proxy paper ie issued remains in force (u) : Provided that a proxy paper issued during the con- tinuance of the present war, or a period of twelve months thereafter, shall remain in force until the termination of (r) See sect. 23 (4) (d), set out on p. 176, supra, (s] For these regulations, see the Proxy Paper Order, 1918, p. 754 et seq. (0 See sect. 23 (4), pp. 174-?- 176, supra. (M) See sect. 11, set out on p. 125, supra. 360 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. that period, so long as the elector continues to be regis- tered and the proxy paper is not cancelled. 5 . A person shall not be appointed as proxy under this Act, unless the person appointed is the wife, husband, parent, brother, or sister of the elector, or is registered as a parliamentary elector for the constituency or one of the constituencies in which the elector is registered: Provided that the brother or sister shall not be capable of being appointed proxy unless of full age (w). 6. An elector shall not appoint more than one person as proxy to vote on his behalf in the same constituency, and in any case not more than two persons (x). 7 . A person shall not vote as proxy on behalf of more than two absent voters at an election in any constituency, unless that person is voting as the husband or wife, or the parent, brother, or sister of the absent voter. 8. A registration officer shall keep a list of absent voters (y) entitled to vote by proxy in any constituency within his. area, and of the persons entitled to vote as proxies, and that list shall be open to inspection during business hours at some convenient place named by the registration officer in the constituency. A registration officer shall, on the application of any person, allow that person to take extracts from, or, on pay- ment of the prescribed fee (z), supply to that person copies of the list. 9. The Ballot Act, 1872 (a), and any other Act regu- lating the holding of parliamentary elections (&), including () See p. 4, supra. (x) See sect. 8 (1), set out on pp. 100101, supra, (y) See First Schedule, Rules 16, 17, pp. 345346, supra. (z) For this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. (a) See p. 672 tt seq. (b) This would include the Corrupt and Illegal Practices (Preven- tion) Acts, 1883 and 1895, and the present Act. VOTING BY PROXY. any provisions imposing penalties (c) in connection with voting at those elections, shall apply to persons voting as proxies in pursuance of this Act as they apply to voters, however described in those Acts, with such modifications as may be prescribed (d) for the purpose of adapting the provisions of those Acts to voting by proxy; and any pro- visions of those Acts imposing penalties for offences in connection with ballot papers or the official mark on a ballot paper may be applied by the regulations (e) to proxy papers and any official mark on a proxy paper. 10. If any person (a) who is for the time being entitled to vote by proxy (/) in a constituency under this Act, himself votes or attempts to vote at any parlia- mentary election in that constituency other- wise than by means of the proxy paper, while the proxy paper is in force; or (b) votes or attempts to vote as proxy on behalf of more than two absent voters at an election in any constituency unless: that person is voting as the husband or wife, or the parent, brother, or sister of the absent voter; or (c) votes or attempts to vote at any election under the authority of a proxy paper when he knows or has reasonable grounds for supposing that the proxy paper has been cancelled, or that the elector to whom or on whose behalf the proxy paper has been issued is dead or no longer entitled to vote at that election ; that person shall be guilty of an illegal practice (g) within (c) See pp. 285286, 287292, heading (3) on pp. 294295, and heading (12) on p. 298, supra. (d) Up to the time of going to press no such modifications have been prescribed. (e) These regulations have not at the time of going to press been made. (/) See sect. 23 (4), set out on pp. 174176, supra, (g) See p. 299, supra. 362 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. the meaning of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Preven- tion Act, 1883, and the expression " illegal practice " shall be construed accordingly: Provided that the court before whom a person is convicted under this provision may, if they think it just in the special circumstances of the case, mitigate or entirely remit any incapacity imposed by section ten of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 (A). 11. A ballot paper shall not be delivered to a person who claims to vote as proxy for the purpose of so voting unless he produces the proxy paper to the presiding officer at the polling station, and such questions may be asked of any person at a parliamentary election who claims to vote as proxy for any elector (in addition to those already authorised to be asked ()) as may be prescribed (fc). 12. Stamp duty shall not be chargeable on any proxy paper under this Act. 13. A proxy paper may be cancelled by an elector by giving notice to the registration officer in the prescribed form (Z). 14. A notice cancelling a proxy paper shall not take effect as respects any election unless it is received by the registration officer before the day of nomination (ra) . 15 . In the application of this schedule to Scotland the expression " the registration officer of the constituency in which the elector is registered " means " the registration officer of the registration area in which the elector is registered." (/) See p. 299, supra, (i) See pp. 167 172, supra. (k) At the time of going to press these questions have not been prescribed. (1} For this form, see p. 757, infra. (m) See pp. 179180, supra. MAXIMUM SCALE OF ELECTION EXPENSES. FOURTH SCHEDULE. Seall concerned . 24. When the poll begins, the voting papers shall be opened and examined by the registrar in the presence of the Vice-Chancellor and any candidate or agent of a candi- date who may attend, and the voting papers found to be marked with the official mark and the number on the back as appearing on the counterfoil, and otherwise regular, shall be put apart until the end of the poll. Any voting paper which has not the official mark and the number on the back as appearing on the counterfoil, or which is in the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor otherwise invalid, shall not be counted as a vote in the election, but shall be sealed up in a paper apart, marked on the back thereof with the words " voting papers received but dis- allowed," and initialled by the Vice-Chancellor. 25 . It shall be lawful for any candidate or the agent of any candidate who may be in attendance at the poll, to inspect any voting paper and to object to it on one or more of the following grounds: (1) That the elector named in the voting paper lias already voted at that election: (2) That the person giving a vote by the voting paper is not qualified to vote: (3) That the voting papor is forged or falsified: (4) That the voting paper is wanting in any of the essential conditions required by this Act: Provided, that in case the objection offered to any voting paper shall be that it is forged or falsified, such voting paper shall not on that ground alone be disallowed by the 380 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Vice-Chancellor, but he shall write upon it, " objected to as forged," or, "objected to as falsified," together with the name of the person making such objection. 26. No voting paper shall be counted which does not reach the registrar before ten of the clock on the morning of the day on which the poll closes. Counting of Votes. 27. After the poll is closed all voting papers received at any polling place shall be placed in a proper receptacle and sealed up and delivered to the returning officer, and the returning officer shall, as soon as practicable after the receipt of the votes from all the polling places, count the votes and publish (o) the result. 28 . Where an equality of votes is found to exist between any candidates on a final count and the addition of a vote would entitle any of those candidates to be declared elected, the returning officer may give a deciding vote, but the returning officer shall not be entitled to vote at the election in any other case. General. 29. Arrangements may be made for counting votes at an election for the combined university constituency at each of the universities forming the combination, if the transferable vote (p) is not used at that election, and for a record of the votes counted at each University being sent to the returning officer for the combined constituency in order that ho may ascertain and declare the result of the election . 30. The returning officer shall appoint such deputies and clerks as he may think necessary for the proper holding of the election, and shall supply forms of nomination papers. (o) See clause 37, p. 382, infra. (p] See sect. 20 (1), p. 155, and pp. 158160, supra. UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 381 31. All voting papers received and counted at an elec- tion, and the counterfoils thereof, as well as any voting papers disallowed for informality, or on any other ground, and the counterfoils thereof, shall be filed, and, along with any copy of the register used for the purposes of said election, shall be kept by the returning officer for a period of twelve months after the closing of the poll. 32. Any person falsely or fraudulently signing any voting paper in the name of any other person, either as a voter or as a witness, and every person signing, certi- fying, attesting, or transmitting as genuine any false or falsified voting paper, knowing the same to be false or falsified, or with fraudulent intent altering, defacing, destroying, withholding, or obstructing any voting paper, shall be guilty of a crime and offence, and shall be punish- able by fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. 33. No such voting paper as herein-before mentioned shall be liable to any stamp duty. 34. Any expenses reasonably incurred by the Vice- Chancellor of each University in connection with the arrangements for an election shall be repaid to him by that University: Provided that any expenses so incurred by the returning officer in connection with the nomination and the counting of votes shall be paid in equal shares by the four Universities forming the constituency. 35. If any person, for the purpose of enabling any other person to vote at a university election, corruptly pays on his behalf any fees which such other person is required to pay in order to be registered or entitled to vote, he shall be guilty of an illegal pnactioe (q) within the meaning of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, and that Act shall apply accordingly. 36. In reckoning time for the purpose of the provi- (q) See p. 166, 382 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. sions in this Schedule, Sunday, Christmas Day, and any day set apart as a bank or public holiday or public fast or public thanksgiving shall be, excluded; and where anything required by these provisions to be done on any day falls to be done on any such day it may be done on the next day not being one of any such days. 37 . If regulations () are made under tliis Act as to the mariner in which public notice is to be given under the provisions of this Schedule, public notice shall be given in manner directed under any such regulations for the time being in force, and if no such regulations are in force shall be given in such manner as the returning officer or the Vice-Chancellor as the case may be, considers best fitted for giving notice to the persons concerned. 38. An election shall not be declared invalid by reason of non-compliance with these provisions if it appears to the tribunal having jurisdiction that the election was con- ducted in accordance with the principle of these provisions and that the non-compliance with these provisions did not affect the result of the election. 39. Where the Vice-Chancellor or registrar of any University is absent, or is incapacitated by illness for discharging any duty required of him by this Act, or if the office of Vice-Chancellor or of registrar shall be vacant, the duties by this Act imposed on the Vice-Chancellor or registrar respectively shall be discharged by a person ap- pointed for that purpose by the University Court of such University; and such person shall in that respect, but in no other, act for the time as and be deemed to be Vice- Chancellor or registrar of such University. () At the time of going to press no regulations have been issued. UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 383 FORM A. UNIVERSITY OF (Name of University) VOTING PAPER. No. (number of elector as on the register). I, A. B. (here give the elector's name in full of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WANDS WORTH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Metropolitan borough of Wandsworth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Five. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BALHAM AND TOOTING. Tooting Ward and the part of Balham Ward which in not included in the Clapham Division. CENTRAL. Fairfield and Springfield Wards. CLAPHAM. Clapham North and Clapham South Wards, and the part of Balham Ward which lies to the east and north of a line drawn from the point where the northern boundary of that ward crosses Balham Hill, along the middle of Balham Hill and Balham High Eoad to a point in that road opposite the middle of Ormeley Road, thence along the middle of Ormeley Road to a point opposite the middle of ,that road in Cavendish Road, and thence in a F. 27 418 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) LONDON continued. southerly direction along the middle of Cavendish Eoad to the middle of Emmanuel Road, thence along the middle of Emmanuel Road to the ward boundary near the western end of the last-named road. PUTNEY. Putney and Southfields Wards. STREATHAM. The Streatham Ward. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WESTMINSTER. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Metropolitan borough of Westminster. Total member of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ABBEY. Covent Garden, Great Maiiborough, Pall Mall, Regent, St. Anne, St. John, St. Margaret, Strand, and Charing Cross Wards, except the part of Charing Cross Ward which is included in the St. George's Division. ST. GEORGE'S. Conduit, Grosvenor, Hamlet of Knightsbridge, Knightsbridge St. George's and Victoria Wards, and the part of Charing Cross Ward which lies to the south and west of a line drawn from the ward boundary at the centre of Wellington Arch, along the middle of Constitution Hill, thence along the middle of the road to the north and east of the Queen Victoria Memorial, thence along the middle of Spur Road to the boundary of St. Margaret Ward. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 419 (1) Name of Parliamentary Borough. WOOLWICH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Metropolitan borough of Woolwich . Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Barrage, Central, Glyndon, St. Margaret's and St. Nicholas Wards. WEST. Dockyard, Eltham, Herbert, River, St. George's and St. Mary's Wards. (2) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING LONDON AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. Name of Parliamentary Borough. ACCRINGTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Accrington and urban districts of Church, Clayton -le-Moors, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Ashton-under-Lyne and urban district of Hurst. 27(2) 420 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE con td Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BARNSLEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Barnsley and urban districts of Ardsley, Darton and Monk Bretton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One, Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BARROW-IN-FURNESS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Barrow-in-Furness. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BATH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Bath. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 421 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BATLEY AND MORLEY, Contents of Parliamentary Borough. ' Municipal boroughs of Batley, Morley and Ossett. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BIRKENHEAD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Birkenhead. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Argyle, Bebington, Clifton, Egerton and Mersey Wards, together with the part of the borough which lies between the eastern boundary of Argyle, Mersey and Bebington Wards and the centre of the bed of the River Mersey. WEST. Claughton, Cleveland, Grange and Oxton Wards. 422 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BIRMINGHAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Birmingham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Twelve. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary "Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ASTON . Aston Ward and Lozells Ward (except those, parts which lie between the southern and south-eastern boundaries thereof and the line next hereinafter de- scribed) and the part of each of the All Saints and St. Mary's Wards which lies to the north of the said line. The line above referred to commences at the south- west corner of Lozells Ward in the middle of Hunter's Road, continues south along the middle of that road, the middle of Farm Street, Burbury Street, Gordon Street, Berners Street, Clifford Street, Guilclford Street, Paddington Street, Por- chester Street, Summer Lane, Asylum Road, High Street, Phillips Street, Aston Road North, White- house Street, Chester Street and Avenue Road to the middle of the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, thence in a north-easterly direction along the middle of the Canal to the point where the middle of the Canal intersects the boundary of Aston Ward. DERITEND. St. Bartholomew's and St. Martin's and Deritend Wards. DUDDESTON. Duddeston and Neehells Ward, St. Mary's Ward (except the part thereof included in the Aston Divi- sion), and so much of the portion of Aston Ward PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRECOW^. which is not included in the Aston Division as lies to the west of the London and North Western Rail- way. EDGE ASTON. Edgbaston, Harborne and Market Hall Wards. ERDIXGTON. Erdington North, Erdington South and Washwood Heath Wards, and the part of Aston Ward which is not included in the Aston and the Duddeston Divisions. HANDSWORTH. Handsworth, Sandwell and Soho Wards. KING'S NORTON. Northfield and Selly Oak Wards and the part of King's Norton Ward which is not included in the Moseley Division. LADYWOOD. Ladywood and Rotton Park Wards. MOSELEY. (a) Acocks Green and Sparkhill Wards; (b) The parts of Balsall Heath and Sparkbrook Wards which are not included in the Sparkbrook Division; (c) Moseley and King's Heath Ward (except the part thereof included in the Sparkbrook Division); and (d) The part of King's Norton Ward which lies to the north of Bells Lane and to the east and south-east of the middle of Monyhull Hall Road and Brandwood Road. SPARKBROOK. (a) Balsall Heath and Sparkbrook Wards (except the parts thereof which lie to the south and east of the line hereinafter described); and (b) The part of Moseley and King's Heath Ward which lies to the north of the last-mentioned line. 424 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. The line referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) above is a line commencing at the point where the boun- dary between Balsall Heath, and Moseley and Bong's Hetath Wardss intersects the middle of Mose- ley Road, thence proceeding along the middle of that road to Brighton Road, along the middle of Brighton Road, Kingswood Road, Newport Road, Church Road, Woodstock Road, and Anderton Park Road to Stoney Lane, thence along the middle of Stoney Lane to the middle of Stratford Road, thence along the middle of that road, the middle of Wai- ford Road and Golden Hillock Road to the middle of the Birmingham and Warwick Canal, thence southerly along the middle of that canal to the middle of the Great Western Railway, thence along the middle of that railway to its intersection with the southern boundary of Sparkbrook Ward. WEST BIRMINGHAM. St. Paul's Ward, All Saints Ward (except the part thereof included in the Aston Division) and the part of Lozells Ward which is not included in the Aston Division. YARDLEY. Saltley, Small Heath and Yardley Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BLACKBURN. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Blackburn. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 425 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BLACKPOOL. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Blackpool, urban districts of Bispham with Norbreck, Lytham and St. Anne's-on-the-Sea, and the part of the civil parish of Carleton which in pursuance of the Blackpool Improvement Act, 1917, becomes part of the county borough of Blackpool on 1st April, 1918. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BOLTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Bolton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BOOTLE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Bootle. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 426 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BOURNEMOUTH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Bournemouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BRADFORD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough c-f Bradford . 'Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borotigh. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. East, Exchange, Manningham, North, South and West Wards. ' EAST. Bradford Moor, East Bowling, Tong and West Bowling Wards. NORTH. Allerton, Bolton, Eccloshill, Heaton, Idle and Thornton Wards. SOUTH. Great Horton, Lister Hills, Little Horton, North Bierley East and North Bierley West Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 427 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BRIGHTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Brighton and municipal borough of Hove. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BRISTOL. Contents of Parliamentary BorougJt. County borough of Bristol. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Five. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. Central East, Central West, Eedcliff, St. Augus- tine, St. James, St. Paul, and St. Philip and Jacob South Wards. EAST;. St. George East and St. George West Wards; the part of Easton Ward which is bounded on the north by a line commencing at the, junction of Stapleton Road with the road leading to the Staple- ton Road Railway Station and proceeding along the middle of the last-mentioned road to the backs of the houses in Berwick Road and Henrietta Street, thence along the said backs of houses to St. Mark's Avenue, along the middle of St. Mark's Avenue and Bellevue Road to the southern end thereof, thence in a straight line to the middle of King Street, along the middle of King Street and Chel- 428 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLANB, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. sea Park to the eastern boundary of the ward; and the part of Somerset Ward which is bounded on the west by a line commencing in the Biver Avon at the north-west corner of the Castle Rope Works and proceeding along the western boundary of those works and the eastern boundary of Redcliff Ceme- tery to Bath Road, thence along the middle of Bath Road to the north-east corner of the Roman Catho- lic Cemetery, thence along the eastern and southern boundaries of that cemetery, thence in a southerly direction along the western boundary of the en- closure which adjoins the east side of Arno's Vale Cemetery, thence in an easterly direction along the southern boundary of the last-mentioned enclosure for a distance of 200 feet, thence in a south-easterly direction in a straight line to the junction of Ken- sington Park Road and Lodway Road, and thence along the middle of Lodway Road to the city boun- dary in Talbot Road. NORTH. SOUTH. WEST. District, St. Philip and Jacob North, and Staple- ton Wards, and the part of Easton Ward which is not included in the East Division. Bedminster East, Beclminster West, and Southville Wards, and the part of Somerset Ward which is not included in the East Division. Clifton North, Clifton South, Horfield, Holland, St. Michael and Westbury on Trym Wards. Name of Parliamentary Boroiigh. BROMLEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Bromley and urban districts of Beckenham and Penge. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 429 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BURNLEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Burnley. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BURY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Bury and urban district of Tottington, Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CAMBRIDGE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borouch of Cambridge . Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. 430 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIR Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CARLISLE. .Contents of Parliamentary County borough of Carlisle. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division*. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CHELTENHAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Cheltenham and urban district of Charlton Kings. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division* Name of Parliamentary Borough. COVENTRY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Coventry. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 431 '2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CROYDON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Croydon. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. N mnes of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NORTH. North, South Norwood and Upper Norwood Wards, SOUTH. Central, East, South and West Wards. JVame of Parliamentary Borough. DARLINGTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Darlington. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DERBY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Derby. 432 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contcl. Total member of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DEWSBUKY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Dewsbury. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DUDLEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Dudley and civil parish of Dudley Castle Hill, Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. EALING. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Baling . Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 433 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. EAST HAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of East Ham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NORTH. Manor Park, Plashet East and Plashet West Wards . SOUTH. Beckton and North Woolwich, Central East and Central West Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. ECCLES.' Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Eccles and urban district of Swinton and Pendlebury. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. EDMONTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Edmonton. F. 28 4-'*4 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. EXETER. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Exeter, including Exeter Castle Yard and Devon County Prison and Constabulary Barracks. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GATESHEAD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Gateshead. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GLOUCESTER. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Gloucester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 435 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE ccmtd: Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GREAT YARMOUTH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Great Yarmouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GRIMSBY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Grimsby and urban district of Cleethorpes. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. HALIFAX. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Halifax. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 28-(2) 436 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. THE HARTLEPOOLS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of West Hartlepool and municipal borough of Hartlepool. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. HASTINGS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Hastings. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. HORNSEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Hornsey. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. 'Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 437 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. HUDDERSFIELD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Huddersfield. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. HYTHE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal boroughs of Hythe and Folkestone, the urban district of Cheriton and so much of the urban district of Sandgate as is not comprised in the municipal borough of Folkestone. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. ILFORD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Ilford. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 438 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. IPSWICH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Ipswich. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. . Name of Parliamentary Borough. KINGSTON-UPON-HULL . Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Kingston-upon-Hull. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. Beverley, East Central, My ton, Paragon, West Central and Whitefriars Wards. EAST. Alexandra, Drypool and Southcoates Wards. NORTH WEST. Albert, Botanic, Newland and Park Wards. SOUTH WEST. Coltman, North Newington and South Newington Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. KINGSTON-UPON-THAMES . Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Kingston-upon-Thames and urban districts of Surbiton, and The Maidens and Coombe. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 439 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LEEDS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Leeds. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Six. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRA'L. Central, Mill Hill, South and West Wards; the part of Brunswick Ward which lies to the south of that part of the boundary of the ancient township of Leeds which lies between the ward boundaries in Buslingthorpe Lane and Chapeltown Road, the part of Headingley Ward which lies to the east and south of a line commencing at the ward boundary where the North Eastern Railway Company's Leeds Northern Line crosses the middle of the river Aire and drawn along the middle of that railway to the footbridge over the same at a point to the east of the bandstand in Buiiey Recreation Ground, thence in a straight line to the middle of the western end of Alexandra Road, thence along the middle of Alexandra Road to Hyde Park Road, thence in a southerly direction along the middle of Hyde Park Road to the ward boundary at the junction of that road with Woodsley Road; and the part of North West Ward which lies to the east and south of a 440 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. line commencing at the ward boundary at the junc- tion of Hyde Park Road and the back road nearly opposite Hyde Park Terrace and drawn along the middle of the said back road to Woodhouse Lane, thence along the middle of Woodhouse Lane, St. Mark's Street, St. Mark's Road and New Camp Road to the ward boundary at the junction of the last-named road, Servia Road and Servia Terrace. NORTH. The parts of Brunswick, Headingley and North- West Wards which are not included in the Central Division, and the part of North Ward which is not included in the North-East Division. NORTH-EAST. Roundhay, Seacroft, Shadwell and Crossgates Ward; the part of North Ward which lies to the east and south of a line commencing at a point in the ward boundary in Harrogate Road opposite the western corner of the Old Church Grave Yard and drawn to and along the western, southern and eastern walls of that graveyard to ia point immediately oppo- site the south-eastern corner of the Old Church, thence proceeding in a straight line to the middle of the roadway at the head of the lake in Gledhow Park, thence along the middle of the Gledhow Beck to a point near Tan House Well where the beck is joined by a stream which passes near the western side of Allerton Grange, thence in a straight line to a point in the eastern boundary of North Ward where that boundary coming south from Oxley Hill changes direction eastward near Donisthorpe House; and the part of North-East Ward which is not in- cluded in the South-East Division. SOUTH. Holbeck and West Hunslet Wards, and the part of New Wortley Ward which lies to the south and east PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 441 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. of a line commencing at the ward boundary where the footpath leading from Gelderd Road to the Upper and Lower Wortley Cemetery crosses the Great Northern Railway Company's West Yorks Railway and drawn along the middle of that rail- way to the boundary between the New Wortley and Holbeck Wards north-east of Holbeck Railway Station. SOUTH-EAST. East and East Hunslet Wards and the part of North- East Ward which lies to the west of Ac- commodation Road from the ward boundary in Bur- mantofts Street to the ward boundary in York Road. WEST. Armley and Wortley and Bramley Wards, and the part of New Wortley Ward which is not included in the South Division. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LEICESTER. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Leicester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Belgrave, Latimer, Spinney Hill and West Hum- berston Wards. SOUTH. f Aylstone, Castle, Charnwood, De Montfort, Knigh- ton, Martin's and Wycliffe Wards. WEST. i Abbey, Newton, St. Margaret's, Westcotes and Wyggeston Wards. 442 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LEIGH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Leigh and urban districts of Atherton and Tyldesley-with-Shakerley . Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LEYTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Ley ton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Cann Hall, Grove Green, Harrow Green, Leyton- stone, and Wanstead Slip Wards. WEST. Central, Forest. Lea Bridge and Leyton Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LINCOLN. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Lincoln and urban district of Bracebridge. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 443 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LIVERPOOL. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Liverpool. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Eleven. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST TOXTETH. Aigburth, Granby, Sefton Park East and Sefton Park West Wards. EDGE HILL. Edge Hill and Low Hill Wards, and the part of Kensington -Ward which lies to the south and west of a line drawn from the western boundary of the ward along the middle of the road called Kensing- ton to its junction with Holt Road, thence in a southerly direction along the middle of Holt Road to its junction with Edge Lane, and thence in an easterly direction along the middle of Edge Lane to the eastern boundary of the ward. EVERTON. Everton and Netherfield Wards. EXCHANGE. Abercromby, Castle Street, Exchange, Great George, St. Anne's and St. Peter's Wards, and the part of Vauxhall Ward which lies south of a line drawn from a point in the centre of the River Mersey to the south side of the Prince's Half-Tide Dock, thence in a southerly direction along the Liverpool Overhead Railway to the middle of Deni- 444 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. son Street, thence along the middle of Denison Street to its junction with Great Howard Street, thence in a southerly direction along the middle of Great Howard Street and Old Hall Street to the junction of the latter with Old Leeds Street, thence along the middle of Old Leeds Street crossing the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to a point in Pall Mall opposite the middle of Leeds Street, thence in an easterly direction along the middle of Leeds Street to its junction with Vauxhall Road, thence in a southerly direction along the middle of Vauxhall Road to its junction with Midghall Street, thence along the middle of Midghall Street to the ward boundary in Mary bone. FAIRFIELD. Fairfield and Old Swan Wards and the part of Kensington Ward which is not included in the Edge Hill Division. KIRKDALE. Kirkdale and St. Domingo Wards. SCOTLAND. North Scotland, Sandhills and South Scotland Wards, and the part of Vauxhall Ward which is not included in the Exchange Division . WALTON. Fazakerley, Walton and Warbreck Wards. WAVERTREE. Allerton Childwall and Little Woolton, Garston, Much Woolton, Wavertree and Wavertree West Wards. WEST DERBY. Anfield, Breckficld and West Derby Wards. WEST TOXTETH. Brunswick, Dingle and Prince's Park Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 445 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. MANCHESTER. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Manchester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Ten. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ARDWICK. Ardwick, New Cross and St. Mark's Wards. BLACKLEY. Blackley, Crumpsall and Moston Wards. CLAYTON. Beswick, Bradford and Newton Heath Wards. EXCHANGE. Cheetham, Collegiate Church, Exchange, Oxford, St. Ann's, St. Clement's and St. John's Wards, and the part of St. Michael's Ward which lies to the north-west of a line drawn along the middle of Rochdale Road. GORTON. Gorton North, Gorton South and Openshaw Wards. HULME. Medlock Street, Moss Side West and St. George's Wards. Moss SIDE. All Saints, Moss Side East and St. Luke's Wards. PLATTING. Colly-hurst, Harpurhey and Miles Platting Wards, and the part of St. Michael's Ward which is not included in the Exchange Division. BUSHOLMB. Levenshulme, Longsight and Rusholme Wards. WlTHINGTON . Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Didsbury and Withington Wards. 446 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. MIDDLESBROUGH. Contents of Parliamentary Borotigh. County borough of Middlesbrough . Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Exchange, Grove Hill, Ormesby, St. Hilda's and Vulcan Wards. WEST. Acklam, Ayrsome, Cannon, Cleveland, Linthorpe and Newport Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. MORPETH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Morpeth, urban districts of Ashington, Bed- lingtonshire and Blyth, and civil parishes of Hepscott, Mor- peth Castle, Newminster and Tranwell. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Pa filamentary Borough. NELSON AND COLNE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal boroughs of Colne and Nelson, urban districts of Bar- rowford, Brierfield and Trawden, and the detached part of the civil parish of Foulridgo which is bounded on the north, west, and south by the municipal borough of Colne. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 447 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Barnes of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. NEWCASTLE-UNDEK-LYME. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme and urban districts of Audley and Wolstanton United. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. ya-mes of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of -Parliamentary Borough. NE WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE . Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Four. Barnes of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. All Saints, St. John's, St. Nicholas, Stephenson and Westgate Wards. EAST. Byker, St. Anthony's, St. Lawrence and Walker Wards. NORTH. Dene, Heaton, Jesmond, St. Andrew's and St. Thomas Wards. 448 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. WEST. Armstrong, Arthur's Hill, Ben well, Elswiek and Fenham Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. NORTHAMPTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Northampton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. NORWICH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Norwich. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name oj Parliamentary Borough. NOTTINGHAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Nottingham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Four. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 449 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. Forest, Market, Robin Hood, St. Ann's and Sher- wood Wards. EAST. Byron, Manvers, Mapperley and St. Mary's Wards. SOUTH. Bridge, Castle, Meadows and Trent Wards. WEST. Broxtowe, St. Albans and Wollaton Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. OLDHAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Oldham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliam&ntary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. OXFORD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Oxford. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliam&ntary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. F. 29 450 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. PLYMOUTH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Plymouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. DRAKE. Drake's, Mount Eclgcumbe, Mutley, Pennycross, St. Peter's, Stoke and Valletort Wards. DEVONPORT. Ford, Keyham, Molesworth, Nelson, St. Aubynand St. Budeaux Wards. SUTTON. Charles, Compton, Friary, Laira, St. Andrew's, Sutton and Vintry Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. PORTSMOUTH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Portsmouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. Buckland, Fratton, Kingston, St. Mary and Town Hall Wards. NORTH. Charles Dickens, Mile End, North End and Port- sea Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 451 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. SOUTH. Havelook, Highland, St. Paul, St. Simon and St. Thomas Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. PRESTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Preston and urban district of Fulwood. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary 'Boroiwh. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. READING. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Reading. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. I Names of Divisioms of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. RICHMOND. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Richmond and urban districts of Barnes and Ham. 29 (2) 452 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd, Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 'Name of- Parliamentary Borough. ROCHDALE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Rochdale. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of * Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. ROCHESTER. Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. Municipal boroughs of Chatham, Gillingham and Rochester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. GILLINGHAM. Municipal borough of Gillingham, St. Mary Ward of the borough of Chatham, and the part of the municipal borough of Rochester which is. not in- cluded in the Chatham Division. CHATHAM. Municipal borough of Rochester (except the part of St. Peter's Ward which lies to the north and east of a line drawn, in prolongation of that part of the PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 453 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. borough boundary which lias between St. Bartholo- mew's Chapel and Boundary Wharf, to the borough boundary in the Biver Medway), and Luton and St. John Wards of the municipal borough of Chatham. Name of Parliamentary Borough. BOSSENDALE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden and Bawtenstall. Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. EOTHEBHAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Botherham, and urban districts of Greasbrough and Bawmarsh. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. ST. HELEN'S. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of St. Helen's. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. 454 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1984. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisidns of Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. i Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. SALFORD. Contents of Parliamentary borough. County borough of Salford. Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisidns of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NORTH. Albert Park, Charlestown, Grosvenor, Kersal and St. Matthias Wards. SOUTH. Crescent, Islington, Ordsall, Eegent, Trafford, Trinity and Weaste Wards. WEST. Hope, St. Paul, St. Thomas and Seedley Wards. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. SHEFFIELD. Contents of Parliamentary \Borough. County borough of Sheffield. Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Seven. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ATTERCLIFFE. Attercliffe and Daraall Wards. BRIGHTSIDE. Brightside and Burngreave Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 455 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. CENTRAL. St. Peter's and St. Philip's Wards, and the part of Broomhall Ward which lies to the east of a line drawn along the middle of Broomhall Street from the point where that street intersects the northern boundary of the ward to the point opposite the middle of Hanover Street, thence along the middle of Hanover Street to the southern boundary of the ward. ECCLESALL. Ecclesall and Sharrow Wards. HALLAM. Crookesmoor and Hallam Wards, and the part of Broomhall Ward which is not included in the Cen- tral Division. HlLLSBOROUGH. Hillsborough, Neepsend and Walkley Wards. PARK. Heeley and Park Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. SMETHWICK. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Smethwick. Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Thorough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. SOUTHAMPTON. Contents of Parliamentary iBorough. County borough of Southampton, urban district of Itchen, and civil parish of Bitterne. 456 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. > Total "number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. SOUTHEND-ON-SEA. Contents of Parliamentary \Borough. County borough of Southend-on-Sea. ' Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. (Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. SOUTHPOET. Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. County borough of Southport. . Total plumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division*. Name of Parliamentary Borough. SOUTH SHIELDS. Contents of Parliamentary '\Borough. County borough of South Shields. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 457 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. STOCKPOKT. Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. County borough of Stockport. Total 'number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliame>ntary 'Borough. STOCKTON-ON-TEES. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees and Thornaby-on-Tees. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ! Name of Parliamentary Borough. STOKE-ON-TEENT. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Stoke-on-Trent. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BURSLEM. Numbers one, two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight Wards. 458 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. HANLEY. Numbers nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, four- teen, fifteen and sixteen Wards. STOKE. Numbers seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-live and twenty-six Wards. ' Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. SUNDERLAND. Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. County borough of Sunderland and urban district of Southwick- on-Wear. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ' Name of Parliamentary Borough. TOTTENHAM. Contents of Parliamentary ^Borough. Urban district of Tottenham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NORTH. Lower, Middle and West Green Wards. SOUTH. Harringay, High Cross and St. Ann's Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 459 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. TYNEMOUTH. of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Tynemouth. Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WAKEFIELD. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Waken 1 eld. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. WALLASEY. Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. County borough of Wallasey. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 460 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliam&ntary 'Borough. WALLSEND. C&ntents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Wallsend and urban districts of Gosforth, Longbenton and Weetslade. Total number of Members -for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. WALSALL. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Walsall. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough, One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. WALTHAMSTOW. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Walthamstow. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Hale End, Hoe Street and .Wood Street Wards, PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 461 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. WEST. Iligham Hill, High Street and St. James Street .Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WARRINGTON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Warrington. Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WEDNESBURY. 'Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Wednesbury, and urban districts of Dar- laston and Tipton. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Division^ of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. WEST BROMWICH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of West Bromwich 462 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WEST HAM. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of West Ham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PLAISTOW. Hudsons and Plaistow Wards, and the. part of Canning Town Ward which is not included in the Silvertown Division. SlLVERTOWN. Custom House and Silvertown, and Tidal Basin Wards, and the part of Canning Town Ward which lies to the south and east of a line drawn from the ward boundary in Hermit Eoad along the middle of Star Lane to the middle of the Woolwich Branch of the Great Eastern Eailway, thence southwards along the middle of that railway to the ward boun- dary in Barking Eoad. .STRATFORD. Broadway, Forest Gate, High Street and New Town Wards. UPTON. Park, Upton and West Ham Wards. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 463 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WIGAN. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Wigan. Total number of Members for Parliamentary BorougTi. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WILLESDEN. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Willesden. Total (number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Brondesbury Park, Cricklewood, Kensal Rise, Mid Kilburn, North Kilburn and South Kilburn Wards. WEST. Church End, Harlesden*, Roundwood, Stonebridge and Willesden Green Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WIMBLEDON. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal borough of Wimbledon, and urban district of Merton and Morden. 'Total number of Members for Parliamentary 'Borough. One. 464 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. WOLVEBHAMPTON, Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Wolverhampton, and urban districts of Bil- ston, Coseley, Heath Town or Wednesfield Heath, Sedgley, Short Heath, Wednesfield and Willenhall. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BlLSTON. Urban districts of Bilston, Coseley and Sedgley. EAST. St. James's, St. Mary's, and St. Peter's Wards of the county borough of Wolverhampton, and urban districts of Heath Town or Wednesfield Heath, Short Heath, Wednesfield and Willenhall. WEST. Blakenhall, Deinstall, Graiseley, Merridale, Park, St. George's, St. John's, St. Mark's and St. Mat- thew's Wards of the county borough of Wolver- hampton . Name of Parliamentary Borough. WOBCESTEB,. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Worcester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 465 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. YORK. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of York (with York Castle). Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CARDIFF. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Cardiff, and urban district of Penarth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Three. Names of Division^ of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. Canton, Cathays, Central and Riverside\Wards of county borough of Cardiff. EAST. Park, Roath and Splott Wards of county borough of Cardiff. SOUTH. Adamsdown, Grangetown and South Wards of county borough of Cardiff and urban district of Penarth . F. 30 466 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary Borough. CAENAEVON DISTEICT OF BOEOUGHS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Municipal boroughs of Bangor, Carnarvon, Con way and Pwllheli, urban districts of Criccieth, Llandudno, Llanfairfechan and Penmaenmawr, and civil parish of Nevin. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. MEETHYE TYDFIL. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Merthyr Tydfil, and urban districts of Aber- dare and Mountain Ash. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Barnes of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ABERDARE. Urban districts of Aberdare and Mountain Ash. MERTHYR. County borough of Merthyr Tydfil. Name of Parliamentary Borouafh. NEWPOET. Co>ntents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Newport. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 467 (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. RHONDDA. ff 0n$ent* of Parliamentary Borough. Urban district of Rhondda. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. Numbers seven, eight, nine and ten .Wards, and the part of number six Ward which is not included in the West Division. WEST. Numbers one, two, three, four and five Wards, and the part of number six Ward which lies to the west of the middle of the River Rhondda and is known as Tonypandy. Name of Parliamentary Borough. SWANSEA. .Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County borough of Swansea. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EAST. East, Landore, Morriston and St. John's Wards. WEST. Alexandra, Bryn Melyn, Castle, Ffynone, St. Helen's and Victoria Wards. 30 (2) 468 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND. Name of Parliamentary Borough. ABERDEEN. C&ntents of Parliamentary Borough. County of the City of Aberdeen. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Greyfriars, St. Andrew, St. Clement, St. Machar, Torry and Woodside Municipal Wards. SOUTH. Ferryhill, Rosemount, Rubislaw, Ruthrieston and St. Nicholas Municipal Wards. Name of Parliamentary Borough. AYR DISTRICT OF BURGHS. .Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Ayr, Ardrossan, Irvine, Prestwick, Saltcoats, and Troon. Total tyumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Division^ of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DUMBARTON DISTRICT OF. BURGHS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Dumbarton and Clydebank. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 469 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Division's of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DUNDEE. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County of the City of Dundee. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Two. flames of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. DUNFERMLINE DISTRICT OF BURGHS. ^ Tfontents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath, In verkei thing, and Lochgelly. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions 0f Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. EDINBURGH. 'Contents of Parliamentary Borough. County of the City of Edinburgh and Burgh of Mueselburgh. 470 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members -for Parliamentary Borough. Five. 'Names of Divisions |o/ Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. George Square, St. Giles' and St. Leonard's Muni- cipal Wards of Edinburgh. EAST. Burgh of Musselburgh and Canongate and Porto- bello Municipal Wards of Edinburgh. NORTH. Broughton, Calton, St. Andrew's and St. Stephen's Municipal Wards of Edinburgh. SOUTH. Merchiston, Morningside, and Newington Munici- pal Wards of Edinburgh. WEST. Dairy, Gorgie, Hay market and St. Bernard's Muni- cipal Wards of Edinburgh. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GLASGOW^. Contents of P'a-l'wnientary Borough. County of the City of Glasgow. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. Fifteen. Names of Divisions jo/ Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BRIDGETON. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the centre line of London Road, where the road is crossed by the Cale- donian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence south- westward and southward along the centre line of the said railway to where it joins the Caledonian PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 471 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. Railway Branch Line from Dalmarnock to Ruther- glen, thence southward along the centre line of the said last-mentioned railway to a point on the muni- cipal boundary at the centre line of the River Clyde, thence south-westward and north-westward along the municipal boundary of the city to a point on the centre line of the River Clyde about 77 yards south- eastward from the centre of Rutherglen- Bridge, thence westward, northward and westward along the centre line of -the River Clyde to the centre of Albert Bridge, thence northward along the centre line of Saltmarket to the centre line of Gallowgate, thence eastward along the centre line of Gallowgate to the centre line of Abercromby Street, thence south- westward along the centre line of Abercromby Street to the centre line of Canning Street, thence eastward along the centre line of Canning Street and London Road to the point of commencement. CAMLACHIE . That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boundary on the south-east side of Cumbernauld Road where that road is intersected by the east side of the Cale- donian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence southward along the municipal boundary to a point about 299 yards north-westward from the centre of Carntyne Road, where the municipal boundary intersects that road, thence north-westward to a point on the centre line of the said railway 380 yards south of the centre line of Cumbernauld Road, thence south- westward and southward along the centre line of the said railway to the centre line of London Road, thence westward along the centre line of London Road and Canning Street to the centre line of Aber- cromby Street, thence north-eastward along the centre line of Abercromby Street to the centre line 472 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued). of Gallowgate, thence westward along the centre line of Gallowgate to the centre line of Sydney Street, thence northward along the centre line of Sydney Street to the centre line of Duke Street, thence eastward along the centre line of Duke Street to the centre line of Ark Lane, thence northward along the centre line of Ark Lane and Firpark Street to the centre line of Alexandra Parade, thence east- ward and north-eastward along the centre line of Alexandra Parade, and Curnbernauld Road to the east side of the Caledonian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence southward to the point of commence- ment. CATHCART. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre of Kilmarnock Road, thence northward along the centre line of Kilmarnock Road to the centre line of the River Cart, thence south- eastward and eastward along the centre line of the River Cart to the centre line of Langside Road at Millbrae Bridge, thence north-eastward along the centre line of Langside Road, Millbrae Road and Langside Road, to the centre line of the main avenue in the Queen's Park near Victoria Infirmary, thence northward along the centre line of the said main avenue to the centre line of Queen's Drive, thence northward along the centre line of Victoria Road to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Railway about 46 yards north of the centre line of Butterbiggins Road, thence north-eastward along the centre line of the said Glasgow and South Western Railway to the centre line of the Cale- donian Railway Main Line from Glasgow to Rutherglen, thence south-eastward along the centre line of the said Caledonian Railway to the muni- PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 473 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. cipal boundary, thence south-westward and west- ward along the municipal boundary to the point of commencement. CENTRAL. That portion of the city whicli is bounded by a line commencing at a point at the intersection of the centre lines of Parliamentary Road and Castle Street, thence southward along the centre line of Castle Street to the centre line of Alexandra Parade, thence eastward along the centre line of Alexandra Parade to the centre line of Firpark Street, thence southward along the centre line of Firpark Street and Ark Lane to the centre line of Duke Street, thence westward along the centre line of Duke Street to the centre line of Sydney Street, thence south- ward along the centre line of Sj^dney Street to the centre line of Gallowgate, thence westward along the centre line of Gallowgate to the centre line of Saltmarket, thence southward along the centre line of Saltmarket and Albert Bridge to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence westward along the centre line of the River Clyde to a point in line with the centre line of McAlpine Street, thence northward along the centre line of McAlpine Street, Pitt Street and Scott Street to the centre line of New City Road, thence south-eastward along the centre line of New City Road and Cowcaddens to the centre line of Buchanan Street, thence southward along the centre line of Buchanan Street to the centre line of Parliamentary Road, thence north-eastward along the centre line of Parliamentary Road to the point of commencement. GORBALS. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre line of the River Clyde about 77 474 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. yards east of the centre of Rutherglen Bridge, thence south-westward along the municipal boun- dary to the centre of the Caledonian Eailway Main Line from Glasgow to Rutherglen, thence north- westward along the centre line of the said Cale- donian Eailway to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Eailway, thence south-westward along the centre line of the said Glasgow and South Western Eailway to the centre line of Victoria Road, thence northward along the centre line of Victoria Eoad, Eglinton Street, Bridge Street and Glasgow Bridge to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence south-eastward along the centre line of the River Clyde to the point of commencement. Go VAN. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre of the River Clyde in line with the continuation of the centre line of Balmoral Street, thence eastward along tiie centre line of the River Clyde to a point in line with the continua- tion of the centre line of the portion of Govan Eoad to the west of Princes Dock, thence southward to and along the centre line of the said portion of Govan Road, Whitefield Eoad, Church Eoad and continuation thereof to the centre of the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Eailway, thence westward along the centre line of the said Glasgow and Paisley Joint Eailway to the municipal boundary, thence north-westward, northward, and eastward along the municipal boundary to the point of commencement. BILLHEAD. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point in the municipal boun- dary at its intersection with the centre line of the River Kelvin, thence south-eastward, southward and PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 475 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND con tinu ed. south-westward along the centre line of the River Kelvin to the centre line of the North British Rail- way (Stobcross Branch), thence north-westward along the centre of the said North British Railway to its intersection with the municipal boundary, thence north-eastward along the municipal boun- dary to the point of commencement. KELVINGROVE . That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point at the intersection of the centre line of New City Road and Scott Street, thence southward along the centre line of Scott Street, Pitt Street and McAlpine Street and con- tinuation thereof to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence westward along the centre line of the River Clyde to its intersection with the centre line of the River Kelvin, thence north-eastward along the centre line of the River Kelvin to the centre line of Great Western Road, thence south-eastward along the centre line of Great Western Road and New City Road to the point of commencement. MARYHILL. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre line of the North British Rail- way (Edinburgh and Glasgow Line) about 327 yards north of the centre of Hawthorn Street, where the said North British Railway intersects that street, thence south-eastward and southward along the centre of the said North British Railway to the centre line of Keppochhill Road, thence south-west- ward and westward along the centre Hue of Kep- pochhill Road to the centre line of Saracen Street, thence south-westward along the centre line of Fossil Road to the centre line of the Forth and Clyde Canal, thence north-westward along the centreline 476 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. of the Forth and Clyde Canal to a point in line with the centre line of Well Eoad, thence south- westward along the centre line of Well Eoad to the centre line of New City Eoad, thence westward along the centre line of Eaeberry Street and Carl- ton Gardens to the centre line of Belmont Street, thence south-westward along the centre line of Bel- mont Street to the centre line of the Elver Kelvin, thence north-westward along the centre line of the Eiver Kelvin to its intersection with the municipal boundary, thence north-eastward and south-east- ward along the municipal boundary to the point of commencement. PABTICK. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre line of the North British Eail- way (Stobcross Branch), thence south-eastward along the centre line of the said North British Eail- way to the centre line of the Eiver Kelvin, thence south-westward along the centre line of the Eiver Kelvin to the centre line of the Eiver Clyde, thence westward along the centre line of the Eiver Clyde, to the municipal boundary, thence northward and north-eastward along the municipal boundary to the point of commencement. POLLOK. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary at the centre line of the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Eailway, thence eastward along the centre line of the said Glasgow and Paisley Joint Eail- way and the Caledonian Eailway to the centre line of Shields Eoad, thence southward along the centre line of Shields Eoad to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Eailway (Paisley Canal Line), PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 477 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. thence eastward along the centre line of the said Glasgow and South Western Railway to the centre line of Eglinton Street, thence southward along the centre line of Eglinton Street and Victoria Road to the centre line of Queen's Drive, thence southward along the centre line of the main avenue in the Queen's Park to the centre line of Langside load, thence south-westward along the centre line of Langside Road to the centre line of Millbrae Road, thence south-westward along the centre line of Mill- brae Road and Langside Road to the centre line of the River Cart at Millbrae Bridge, thence westward and north-westward along the centre line of the River Cart to the centre line of Kilmarnock Road, thence southward along the centre line of Kilmar- nock Road to the municipal boundary, thence north- westward, south-westward, northward, westward and northward along the municipal boundary to the point of commencement. ST. ROLLOX. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point at the intersection of Springburn Road and Parliamentary Road, thence south-westward along the centre line of Parliamen- tary Road to the centre line of Buchanan Street, thence northward along the centre line of Buchanan - Street to the centre line of Cowcaddens, thence north-westward along the centre line of Cow- caddens, New City Road and Great Western Road to the centre line of the River Kelvin, thence north- ward along the centre line of the River Kelvin to the centre line of Belmont Street, thence north-east- ward along the centre line of Belmont Street to the centre line of Carlton Gardens, thence eastward along the centre line of Carlton Gardens and Rae- berry Street to the centre line of New City Road, 478 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. thence north-eastward along the centre line of Well Eoad and continuation thereof to the centre line of the Forth and Clyde Canal, thence south-eastward along the centre line of the Forth and Clyde Canal to the centre line of Fossil Koad, thence north-east- ward along the centre line of Fossil Road to the centre line of Saracen Street, thence eastward and north-eastward along the centre line of Keppoch- hill Eoad to the centre of the North British Rail- way (Edinburgh and Glasgow Line), thence south- westward along the centre line of the said North British Eailway to the centre line of Fountainwell Koad, thence south-eastward along the centre line of Fountainwell Eoad to the centre line of Spring- burn Eoad, thence southward along the centre line of Springburn Eoad to the point of commencement. SHETTLESTON. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- dary about 299 yards north-westward from the centre of Carntyne Eoad, at a point where the muni- cipal boundary intersects that road, thence east- ward, south-eastward and westward along the muni- cipal boundary to the centre of the Caledonian Eail- way Branch Line from Eutherglen to Dalmarnock, thence northward along the centre line of the said railway until it joins the Caledonian Eailway (Glasgow Lines), thence northward, north-east- ward, northward and north-eastward along the centre line of the last-mentioned railway to a point 380 yards south of the centre line of Cumbernauld Eoad, thence south-eastward to the point of com- mencement. SPRINGBURN. That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 479 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. dary on the south-east side of Curabernauld Road, where that road is intersected by the east side of the Caledonian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence northward to the centre line of Cumbernauld Road, thence south-westward and westward along the centre line of Cumbernauld Road and Alexandra Parade to the centre line of Castle Street, thence northward along the centre line of Castle Street and Springburn Road to the centre line of Foun- tainwell Road, thence north-westward along the centre line of Fountainwell Road to the centre line of the North British Railway (Edinburgh and Glas- gow Line), thence northward along the centre line of the said North British Railway to a point on the municipal boundary about 327 j-ards north of the centre of Hawthorn Street, where the said North British Railway intersects that street, thence north- ward, eastward, southward, eastward, southward, westward, south-eastward and south-westward along the municipal boundary to the point of commence- ment. TRADESTON . That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point on the centre of Glas- gow Bridge at the centre line of the River Clyde, thence southward along the centre line of Glasgow Bridge, Bridge Street and Eglinton Street to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Rail- way at Eglinton Street Station, thence westward along the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Railway (Paisley Canal Line) to the centre line of Shields Road, thence northwards along the centre line of Shields Road to the centre line of the Caledonian Railway, thence westward along the centre line of the said Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway to a point in 480 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. line with the centre line of Church Road, thence northward along the centre line of Church Road, Whiteh'eld Road, and the portion of Go van Road to the west of Princes Dock and continuation thereof to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence east- ward along the centre line of the River Clyde to the point of commencement. Name of Parliamentary Borough. GREENOCK. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burgh of Green ock. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions vf Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. KIRKCALDY DISTRICT OF BURGHS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Kirkcaldy, Buckhaven Methil and Innerleven, Burntis- land, Dysart and Kinghorn. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. LEITH. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burgh of Leith. PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 481 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions pf Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. MONTROSE DISTRICT OP BURGHS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar and Inverbervie, Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions -of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. PAISLEY. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burgh of Paisley. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions pf Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Borough. STIRLING AND FALKIRK DISTRICT OP BURGHS. Contents of Parliamentary Borough. Burghs of Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. F. 31 482 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. PAKT II. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE. Name of Parliamentary County. BEDFORD. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Bedford. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BEDFORD. The rural districts of Bedford and Eaton Socon, the municipal borough of Bedford, and the urban district of Kempston. LUTON. The rural district of Luton, and the municipal boroughs of Dunstable and Luton. MID. The rural districts of Ampthill, Biggleswade, and Eaton Bray, and the urban districts of Ampthill, Biggleswade, and Leigh ton Buzzard. Name of Parliamentary County. BERKS. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Berks. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ABINGDON. The rural districts of Abingdon, Wallingford, and Wantage, the part of the rural district of Bradfield PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 483 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. which consists of the civil parishes of Ashamp- stead, Basildon, Frilsham, Streatley, and Yatten- don, the part of the rural district of Faringdon which is within the administrative county of Berks, the municipal boroughs of Abingdon and Walling- ford, and the urban district of Wantage. NEW BURY. The rural districts of Hungerford and Newbury, the part of the rural district of Bradfield which is not included in the Abingdon Division, the part of the rural district of Wokingham which is not in- cluded in the Windsor Division, and the municipal boroughs of Newbury and Wokingham. WINDSOR. The rural districts of Cookham, Easthampstead, and Windsor, the part of the rural district of Woking- ham which consists of the civil parishes of Remen- ham, Ruscombe, Twyford, and Wargrave, and the municipal boroughs of Maidenhead and New Windsor. Name of Parliamentary County. BUCKS. (Contents of Parliamentary The administrative county of Bucks. Total number of Members fo>r Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. AYLESBURY. The rural district of Amersham, the part of the rural district of Aylesbury which is not included in the Buckingham Division, the part of the rural district of Long Crendon which consists of the 81 (2) 484 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. civil parish of Towersey, the part of the rural dis- trict of Wycornbe which consists of the civil parishes of Bledlow, Bradenham, Ellesborough, Great and Little Hampden, Great and Little Kimble, Hor- senden, Hughenden, Ilmer, Monks Bisborough, Princes Bisborough, Radnage, Saunderton, and Wendover, the municipal borough of Aylesbury, and the urban districts of Beaconsfield and Ches- ham. BUCKINGHAM. The rural districts of Buckingham, Newport Pag- n'ell, Stratford and Wolverton, Wing, and Winslow, the part of the rural district of Aylesbury which consists of the civil parishes of Ashenden, Chears- ley, Grendon Underwood, Kingswood, Ludgershall, Woodham, and Wotton Underwood, the part of the rural district of Long Grendon which is not in- cluded in the Aylesbury Division, the municipal borough of Buckingham, and the urban districts of Bletchley, Newport Pagnell, and Linslade. WYCOMBE . The rural districts of Eton and Hambledon, the part of the rural district of Wycombe which is not included in the Aylesbury Division, the municipal borough of Chepping Wycombe, and the urban dis- tricts of Eton, Mario w, and Slough. Name of Parliamentary County. CAMBRIDGE. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Cambridge, exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Cambridge. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of 'Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 485 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. CHESTER. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Chester and the county borough of Chester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Nine. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ALTRINCHAM. The part of the rural district of Bucklow which is not included in the Knutsford Division, and the urban districts of Altrincham, Ashton-upon- Mersey, Bowdon, Cheadle and Gatley, Hale, Hand- forth, Lymm, and Sale. CITY OF CHESTER. The rural district of Chester, the county borough of Chester, and the urban district of Hoole. CRE\VE. The part of the rural district of Congleton which consists of the civil parishes of Arclid, Betchton, Church Lawton, Hassall, Moreton-cum-Alcumlow, Odd Rode, Smallwood, and Wheelock, the part of the rural district of Nantwich which consists of the civil parishes of Barthomley, Basford, Church Coppenhall, Chorlton, Crewe, Haslington, Hough, Rope, Shavington-cum-Gresty, Stapeley, Weston, Willaston, Wistaston, and Wybunbury, the muni- cipal borough of Crewe, and the urban districts of Alsager and Nantwich. EDDISBURY. The rural districts of Malpas and Tarvin, the part of the rural district of Nantwioh which is not in- cluded in the Crewe Division, the part of the rural 486 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. district of Northwich which consists of the: civil parishes of Crowton, Cuddington, Darnhall, Dela- mere, Eddisbury, Little Budworth, Marton, Oak- mere, and Wimboldsley, the part of the rural dis- trict of Runcorn which consists of the civil parishes of Alvanley, Frodsham, Frodsham Lordship, Helsby, Kingsley, Kingswood, Mauley, Newton- by-iFrodshain, and Norley, and the urban district of Tarpoiiey. KNIITSFORD. The part of the rural district of Bucklow which consists of the civil parishes of Aston-by-Bud worth, Bexton, Marthall-cum-Warford, Mere, Mobberley, Ollerton, Peover Inferior, Peover Superior, Pick- mere, Plumley, Styal, Tabley Inferior, Tabley Superior, Tatton, and Toft; the part of the rural district of Congleton which is not included in the Crewe, Macclesfield, and Northwich Divisions; the part of the rural district of Macclesfield which con- sists of the civil parishes of Adlington, Butley, Capesthorne, Chelford, Chorley, Fallibroome, Great Warford, Lower Withington, Marton, Mottram St. Andrew, Nether Alderley, Newton, Old Withing- ton, Over Alderley, Poynton-with-Worth, Prest- bury, Siddington, Snelson, Tytherington, Upton, and Woodford; the part of the rural district of Northwich which consists of the civil parishes of Allostock, Byley, Lach Dennis, Lostock Gralam, Nether Peover, Rudheath, Sproston, and Whatcroft, the part of the rural district of Runcorn which con- sists of the civil parishes of Acton Grange, Antro- bus, Appleton, Crowley, Daresbury, Grappenhall, Hatton, Higher Whitley, Keckwick, Latchford Without, Lower Whitley, Moore, Newton by Dares- bury. Preston on the Hill, Seven Oaks, Stockton Heath, Stretton, Thelwall, Walton Inferior, and PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 487 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Walton Superior; and the urban districts of Alder- ley Edge, Bollington, Hazel Grove and Bramhall, Knutsford, and Wilmslow. MACCLESFIELD. The rural district of Disley, the part of the rural district of Congleton which consists of the civil parishes of Hulmo Walfield and Newbold Astbury, the part of the rural district of Macclesfield which is not included in the Knutsford Division, the muni- cipal boroughs of Congleton and Macclesfield, and the urban districts of Bredbury and Romiley, Bug- lawton, Compstall, Marple, and Yeardsley-cum- Whaley. NORTHWICH. The part of the rural district of Congleton which consists of the civil parishes of Bradwall, Elton, Moston, and Tetton, the part of the rural district of Northwich which is not included in the Edclis- bury and Knutsford Divisions, the part of the rural district of Euncorn which is not included in the Eddisbury and Knutsford Divisions, and the urban districts of Middlewich, Northwich, Runcorn, Sand- bach, and Winsford. STALYBRIDGE AND HYDE. The rural district of Tintwistlc, the municipal boroughs of Dukinfield, Hyde, and Stalybridge, and the urban districts of Hollingworth and Mottram in Longendale. WlRRAL. The rural district of Wirral, and the urban districts of Bromborough, Ellesmcre Port and Whitby Higher Bebington, Hoylake and West Kirby. Lower Bebington, and Xeston and Parkgate. 488 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. CORNWALL. 'Contents vf Parliamentary C aunty. The administrative county of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly . Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Pive. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or boundaries of Divisions. BODMIN. The rural districts of Liskeard and St. Germans, the part of the rural district of Bodmin which is not included in the Northern Division, the part of the rural district of St. Austell which consists of the civil parishes of St. Sampson and Tywardreath, the municipal boroughs of Bodmin, Fowey, Lis- keard, Lostwithiel, and Saltash, and the urban dis- tricts of Callington, Looe, and Torpoint. CAMBORNE. The rural district of Redruth, the part of the rural district of East Kerrier which consists of the civil parishes of Constantine, Mabe, and Perranarwor- thal, the part of the rural district of Helston which consists of the civil parishes of Crowan and Wen- dron, the part of the rural district of Truro which consists of the civil parishes of Kea, Kenwyn Rural, Perranzabuloe, St. Agnes, St. Allen, and Trega- vethan, the municipal borough of Helston, and the urban districts of Camborne, Hayle, Phillack, and Redruth. NORTHERN. The rural districts of Calstock, Camelford, Laun- ceston, St. Columb Major, and Stratton, the part of the rural district of Holsworthy which is within the administrative county of Cornwall, the part of PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 489 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. the rural district of Bodmin which consists of the civil parishes of Egloshayle, St. Endellion, St. Kew, St. Minver Highlands, and St. Minver Low- lands, the municipal borough of Launceston, and the urban districts of Newquay, Padstow, Strat- ton and Bude, and Wadebridge. PENRYN AND EALMOUTH. The part of the rural district of St. AusteH. which is not included in the Bodmin Division, the part of each of the rural districts of East Kerrier and Truro which is not included in the Camborne Division, the municipal boroughs of Ealmouth, Penryn, and Truro, and the urban district of St. Austell. ST. IVES. The rural district of West Penwith, the part of the rural district of Helston which is not included in the Camborne Division, the municipal boroughs of Pen- zance and St. Ives, the urban districts of Ludgvan, Madron, Paul, and St. Just, and the Seilly Isles. Name of Parliamentary County. .CUMBERLAND.- Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Cumberland. Tlotal dumber bf Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Co.unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NORTHERN. The rural districts of Brampton, Carlisle, and Long- town, the part of the rural district of Wigton which is not included in the Workington Division, and the urban districts of Holme Cultram and Wigton. 490 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. PENRITH AND COCKERMOUTH . The rural districts of Alston with Garrigill and Penrith, the part of the rural district of Cocker- mouth which is not included in the Working-ton Division, and the urhan districts of Cockermouth, Keswick, and Penrith. WHITEHAVEN. The rural district of Bootle, the part of the rural district of Whitehaven which is not included in the Workington Division, the municipal borough of Whitehaven, and the urban districts of Cleator Moor, Egremont, and Millom. WORKINGTON. The part of the rural district of Cockermouth which consists of the civil parishes of Broughton, Brough- ton Moor, Camerton, Crosscanonby, Dearham, Flimby, Great Clifton, Little Clifton, Oughterside and Allerby, Ribton, Seaton, Stainburn, Winscales, and Workington Rural, the part of the rural dis- trict of Whitehaven which consists of the civil parishes of Distington, Moresby, and Weddicar, the part of the rural district of Wigton which consists of the civil parishes of Allonby, Hay ton and Mealo, and West Newton, the municipal borough of Work- ington, and the urban districts of Aiiecdon and Frizington, Aspatria, Harrington, and Maryport. Name of Parliamentary County. DERBY. . Contents of Parliamentary Comity. The administrative county of Derby. Total member of Members for Parliamentary County. Eight. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 491 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BELPER. The rural district of Belper, the part of the rural district of Kepton which 'is not included in the Southern and Western Divisions, and the urban districts of Alfreton, Belper, and Heage. CHESTERFIELD . The part of the rural district of Chesterfield which consists of the civil parishes of Barlow, Briming- ton, Calow, Hasland, Sutton-cum-Duckmanton, Tapton, Temple Normanton, and Wingerworth, the municipal borough of Chesterfield, and the urban districts of Brampton and Walton and Whitting- ton and Newbold. CLAY CROSS. The rural district of Blackwell, the part of the rural district of Chesterfield which is not included in the North Eastern and Chesterfield Divisions, and the urban district of Clay Cross. HIGH PEAK. The rural district of Chapel-en-le-Frith (except the two detached parts of the civil parish of Derwent which are bounded on the west by the civil parish of Hathersage), the rural districts of Glossop Dale and Hayfield, the portion of the rural district of Bakewell which consists of the two detached parts of the civil parish of Outseats which are bounded on three sides by the civil parish of Derwent, the municipal boroughs of Buxton and Glossop, and the urban district of New Mills. ILKESTON. The rural district which consists of the civil par- ishes of Codnor Park and Shipley, the municipal borough of Ilkeston, and the urban districts of Heanor and Ripley. 492 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. NORTH EASTERN. The rural districts of Clowne and Norton, the part of the rural district of Chesterfield which consists of the civil parishes of Beighton, Coal Aston, Dron- field Woodhouse, Eckington, Holmesfield, Killa- marsh, Staveley, and tinstone, and the urban dis- tricts of Bolsover and Dronfield. SOUTHERN . The rural districts of Hartshorn and Seals and Shardlow, the part of the rural district of Bepton which consists of the civil parishes of Caldwell, Castle Gresley, Catton, Coton in the Elms, Drake- low, Linton, Lullington, Rosliston, and Walton- upon-Trent, and the urban districts of Alvaston and Boulton, Long Eaton, and Swadlincote District. WESTERN . The rural districts of Ashbourno and Sudbury, the rural district of Bakewell (except the two detached parts of the civil parish of Outseats which are bounded on three sides by the civil parish of Der- went), the part of the rural district of Bepton which consists of the civil parishes of Barton Blount, Church Broughton, Foston and Scropton, Hatton, Hilton, Hoon, Mars ton -on -Dove, Osleston and Thurvaston, and Sutton-on-the-Hill, the part of the rural district of Chapel-en-le-Frith which consists of the two detached parts of the civil parish of Der- went bounded on the west by the civil parish of Hathersage, and the urban districts of Ashbourne, Bakewell, Baslow and Bubnell, Bonsall, Matlock, Matlock Bath and Scarthin Nick, North Darley, South Darley, and Wirksworth. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 493 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE oontinued r . Name of Parliamentary County. DEVON. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Devon. Total 'number of Members for Parliamentary County. Seven. Names of Divisions jpf Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BARN STAPLE. The rural districts of Barnstaple and Bideford (in- cluding Lundy Island), the municipal boroughs of Barnstaple and Bideford, and the urban districts of Ilfracombe, Lynton, and Northam. HOXITON . The rural districts of Axminster and Honiton, the part of the rural district of St. Thomas which con- sists of the civil parishes of Aylesbeare, Bicton, Clyst Honiton, Clyst St. George, Clyst St. Mary, Colaton Raleigh, East Budleigh, Farringdon, Lympstone, Newton Poppleford, Otter ton, Rock- beare, Sowton, and Woodbury, the municipal borough of Honiton, and the urban districts of Ax- minster, Budleigh Salterton, Exmouth, Ottery St. Mary, Seaton, and Sidmouth. SOUTH MOLTON. The rural districts of Crediton, Okehampton, South Molton, and Torrington, the municipal boroughs of Great Torrington, Okehampton and South Molton, and the urban district of Crediton. TAVTSTOCK. The rural districts of Broadwoodwidger, Plymp- ton St. Mary, and Tavistock, the part of the rural district of Holsworthy which is within the adminis- trative county of Devon, and the urban districts of Holsworthy, Ivybridge, and Tavistock. 494. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. TlVERTON. The rural districts of Oulmstock and Tiverton, the part of the rural district of Newton Abbot which consists of the civil parish of West Dawlish, the part of the rural district of St. Thomas which is not included in the Honiton Division, the municipal borough of Tiverton, and the urban districts of Bampton and Dawlish. TORQUAY. The part of the rural district of Newton Abbot which consists of the civil parishes of Cockington and Stokeinteignhead, the part of the rural district of Totnes which consists of the civil parishes of Churston Ferrers, Kingswear, Marldon, and Stoke Gabriel, the municipal boroughs of Dartmouth and Torquay, and the urban districts of Brixham and Paignton. TOTNES. The rural district of Kingsbridge, the part of the rural district of Newton Abbott which is not in- cluded in the Tiverton and Torquay Divisions, the part of the rural district of Totnes which is not included in the Torquay Division, the municipal borough of Totnes, and the urban districts of Ash- burton, Buckfastleigh, Kingsbridge, Newton Abbot, Salcombe, and Teignmouth. Name of Parliamentary County. DORSET. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Dorset. Toil number of Members for Parliamentary County. Pour. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 495 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. es of Divisio \mentary Co. EASTERN. Names of Divisions .of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. The rural district of Poole, the part of the rural district of Wimborne and Cranborne which consists of the civil parishes of Aimer, Chalbury, Colehill, Corfe Mullen, Hampreston, Hinton Martell, Hinton Parva, Holt, More Critchel, Pamphill, Shapwick, Sturminster Marshall, West Parley, and Witchamp- ton, the municipal borough of Poole, and the urban district of Wimborne Minster. NORTHERN. The rural districts of Blandford, Shaftesbury, Sher- borne, and Sturminster, the part of the rural district of Wimborne and Cranborne which is not included in the Eastern Division, the municipal boroughs of Blandford Forum and Shaftesbury, and the urban district of Sherborne. SOUTHERN. The rural district of Wareham and Purbeck, the part of the rural district of Weymouth which is not included in the Western Division, the municipal boroughs of Wareham and Weymouth and Mel- combe Regis, and the urban districts of Portland and Swanage. WESTERN. The rural districts of Beaminster, Bridport, Cerne and Dorchester, the part of the rural district of Weymouth which consists of the civil parishes of Abbotsbury, Langton Herring and Portisham, and the municipal boroughs of Bridport, Dorchester, and Lyme Regis. 496 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE -continued. Name of Parliamentary County. DURHAM. 'Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Durham exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. Total number of Members for Parliamentary (Bounty. Eleven. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BARNARD CASTLE. The rural districts of Barnard Castle and Wear- dale, the part of the rural district of Auckland which consists of the civil parishes of Hamsteiiey and South Bedburn, the part of the rural district of Lanchester which is not included in the Consett and Spennymoor Divisions, and the urban districts of Barnard Castle and Stanhope. BISHOP AUCKLAND. The part of the rural district of Auckland which is not included in the Barnard Castle and Spenny- moor Divisions, and the urban districts of Bishop Auckland and Shildon. BLAYDON. The urban districts of Blaydon, Eyton, Tanfield, and Whickham . CHESTER-LE-STREET . The rural district of Chester-le-Street, and the urban district of Chester-le-Street. CONSETT. The part of the rural district of Lanchester which consists of the civil parishes of Craghead, Ebch es- ter, Healeyfield, Knitsley, and Medomsley, and the urban districts of Annfield Plain, Benfieldside, Con- sett, Leadgate, and Stanley. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 497 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. DURHAM. The rural district of Durham (except the civil parish of Brancepeth), the part of the rural district of Houghton-le-Spring which consists of the civil parishes of East Eainton, Great Eppleton, Little Eppleton, Moor House, Moorsley, and West Kain- ton, the municipal borough of Durham, and the urban district of Hetton. HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING . The rural districts of South Shields and Sunder- land, the part of the rural district of Houghton-le- Spring which is not included in the Durham Divi- sion, and the urban district of Houghton-le-Spring. J ARROW. The municipal borough of Jarrow, and the urban districts of Felling and Hebburn. SEAHAM . The rural district .of Easington, and the urban dis- trict of Seaham Harbour. SEDGEFIELD . The rural districts of Darlington, Hartlepool, Sedgefield, and Stockton. SPENNYMOOR. The part of the rural district of Auckland which consists of the civil parishes of Helmington Row, Hunwick and Helmington, and North Bedburn, the part of the rural district of Durham which con- sists of the civil parish of Brancepeth, the part of the rural district of Lanchester which consists of the civil parish of Hedleyhope, and the urban dis- tricts of Brandon and Byshottles, Crook, Spenn\ - moor, Tow Law, and Wellington. F. 32 498 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. ESSEX. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Essex exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Eight. Names of Divisiom of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CHELMSFORD. The rural districts of Chelmsford and Ongar, the part of the rural district of Billericay which con- sists of the civil parishes of Hutton, Ingrave, Mountnessing, Shenfield, and South Weald, the municipal borough of Chelmsford, and the urban district of Brentwood. COLCHESTER. The rural district of Lexden and Winstree (except the detached part of the civil parish of Inworth which is wholly surrounded by the civil parishes of Great Braxted and Kelvedon), and the municipal borough of Colchester. EPPING. :The rural district of Epjnng, and the urban dis- tricts of Buckhurst Hill, Chingford, Epping, Loughton, Waltham Holy Cross, Wanstead, and .Woodford. HARWICH. The rural district of Tendring, the municipal borough of Harwich, and the urban districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton- on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe. MALDON. The rural district of Braintree (with the detached part of the civil parish of Inworth which is wholly PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 499 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. surrounded by the civil parishes of Great Braxted and Kelvedon), the rural district of Maldon, the municipal borough of Maldon, and the urban dis- tricts of Braintree, Burnham-on-Crouch, and Witham. BOMFORD. The rural district of Romford, and the urban dis- tricts of Barking Town and Romford. SAFFRON WALDEN. The rural districts of Belchamp, Bumpstead, Dun- mow, Halstead, Saffron Walden, and Stansted, the municipal borough of Saffron Walden, and the urban district of Halstead. SOUTH-EASTERN . The rural districts of Orsett and Rochf ord, the part of the rural district of Billericay which is not in- cluded in the Chelmsford Division, and the urban districts of Grays Thurrock, Shoeburyness, and Tilbury. Name of Parliamentary County. GLOUCESTER. Contents of Parliamentary County, The administrative county of Gloucester exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Cheltenham. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Co.unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ClRENCESTER AND TEWKESBURY. The rural districts of Campden, Cirencester, Mars- ton Sicca, Northleach, and Pebworth, the part of each of the rural districts of Faringdon, Stow-on- 500 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. the-Wold, Tctbury, Tewkesbury, and Winchcomb which is within the administrative county of Glou- cester, the part of the rural district of Cheltenham which consists of the civil parishes of Prestbury, Swindon, and Uckington, the municipal borough of Tewkesbury, and the urban districts of Ciren- cester, Stow-on-the-Wold, and Tetbury. FOREST OF DEAN. The rural distri t of East Dean and united parishes, Lydney, Newent, and "West Dean, the part of the rural district of Gloucester which consists of the civil parishes of Ashleworth, Highnam Over and Linton, Lassington, and Maisemore, and the urban districts of Awre, Coleford, Newnham, and West- bury-on-Severn. STROUD. The rural districts of Dursley, Stroud, and Wheatenhurst, the part of the rural district of Cheltenham which is not included in the Ciren- cester and Tewkesbury Division, the part of the rural district of Gloucester which is not included in the Forest of Dean Division, and the urban dis- tricts of Nailsworth and Stroud. THORNBURY. The rural districts of Chipping Sodbury, Thorn- bury, and Warmley, and the urban district of Kingswood . Name of Parliamentary County. HANTS. Oontents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Southampton, exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of South- ampton . PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 501 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Six. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Coynty. Contents &r Boundaries of Divisions. ALDERSHOT. The rural district of Hartley Wintney, and the urban districts of Aldershot, Farnborough, and Fleet. BASINGSTOKE . The rural districts of Andover, Basingstoke, Kings- clere, Stockbridge, and Whitchurch, and the muni- cipal boroughs of Andover and Basingstoke. FAREHAM. The rural districts of Fareham and Havant, and the urban districts of Fareham, Gosport and Alver- stoke, Havant, and Warblington. NEW FOREST AND CHRISTCHURCH. The rural districts of Christcliurcli, Fordingbridge, Lymington, New Forest, Ringwood, and Romsey, and the municipal boroughs of Christchurch, Lymington, and Romsey. PETERSFIELD . The rural districts of Alresford, Alton, Gathering- ton, Droxford, and Petersfield, and the urban dis- tricts of Alton and Petersfield. WINCHESTER. The rural districts of Hursley and Winchester, the rural district of South Stoneham (except the civil parish of Bittern c), the municipal borough of Win- chester, and the urban district of Eastleigh and Bishopstoke. Name of Parliamentary Oounty. HEREFORD. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Hereford. 502 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two, Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. HEREFOKD. The rural districts of Dore, Boss, and Whitchurch, the part of each of the rural districts of Hereford and Ledbuiy which is not included in the Leo- minster Division, the municipal borough of Here- ford, and the urban districts of Ledbury and Ross. LEOMINSTER. The rural districts of Bredwardine, Bromyard, Kington, Leominster, Weobley, and Wigmore, the part of the rural district of Hereford which consists of the civil parishes of Bartestree, Breinton, Burg- hill, Credenhill, Dinmore, Holmer, Kenchester, Lugwardine, Harden, Moreton-on-Lugg, Pipe and Lyde, Preston Wynne, Stretton Sugwas, Sutton, Wellington, Westhide, Weston Beggard, and With- ington, the part of the rural district of Ledbury which consists of the civil parishes of Ashperton, Bosbury, Canon Frome, Castle Prome, Coddington, Colwall, Egleton, Mathon Rural, Munsley, Pixley, Stretton Grandison, Tarrington, and Yarkhill, the municipal borough of Leominster, and the urban districts of Bromyard and Kington. Name of Parliamentary County. HERTFORD, Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Hertford. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. Five. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 503 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. HEMEL HEMPSTED. The rural districts of Berkhampstead and Hemel Hempstead, the part of the rural district of St. Albans which consists of the civil parishes of Har- penden Rural, Redbourn, and Wheathampetead, the part of the rural district of Watford which consists of the civil parishes of Abbots Langley and Sarratt, the municipal borough of Hemel Hemps ted, and the urban districts of Great Berkhampstead, Harpen- den, and Tring. HERTFORD . The rural districts of Hadham and Ware, the part of the rural district of Hertford which is not included in the Hitchin Division, the municipal borough of Hertford, and the urban districts of Bishops Stort- ford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridge worth, and Ware. HITCHIN. The rural districts of Ashwell, Buntingford, Hitchin, and Welwyn, the part of the rural district of Hertford which consists of the civil parishes of Aston, Bennington, Datchworth, Sacombe, Wai- kern, and Watton at Stone, and the urban districts of Baldock, Hitchin, Royston, and Stevenage. ST. ALBANS. The rural districts of Barnet and Hatfield, the part of the rural district of St. Albans which is not in- cluded in the Hemel Hempsted Division, the muni- cipal borough of St. Albans, and the urban dis- tricts of Barnet and East Barnet Valley. WATFORD. The part of the rural district of Watford which is not included in the Hemel Hempsted Division, and the urban districts of Bushey, Chorleywood, Rickmansworth, and Watford. 504 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (.1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. HOLLAND WITH BOSTON. Contents of Parliamentary Comity. The administrative county of the Parts of Holland. Total number of Members fo'r Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. of Parliamentary County. HUNTINGDON. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Huntingdon. Total number O'f Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents w Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. ISLE OF ELY. \Oontents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of the Isle of Ely. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 505 (1) ENGLAND,, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. ISLE OF WIGHT. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of the Isle of Wight. Total number of Members -for Parliamentary County. One. Names oj Divisions of Parliamentary Co,unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. KENT. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Kent (exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs) and the county borough of Canterbury. Total number of Members f&r Parliamentary County. Eleven. Name* of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ASHFORD. The rural districts of Cranbrook, East Ashford, Romney Marsh, Tenterden, and West Ashford, the municipal boroughs of Lydd, New Romney, and Tenterden, and the urban district of Ashford. CANTERBURY. The rural districts of Bridge and Elham, the rural district of Blean (with the detached parts of the civil parishes of Dunkirk and Hernhill which are wholly surrounded by that rural district), the county borough of Canterbury, and the urban districts of Herne Bay and Whitstable. 506 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued*. CHISLEHURST. The rural district of Bromley, the part of the rural district of Dartford which is not included in the Dartford Division, and the urban districts of Chislehurst and Foots Cray. DARTFORD . The part of the rural district of Dartford which consists of the civil parishes of Crayford, Stone, and Swanscombe, and the urban districts of Bexley, Dartford; and Erith. DOVER. The rural districts of Dover and Eastry, the muni- cipal boroughs of Deal and Dover, and the urban district of Walmer. PAVERSHAM. The rural districts of Milton and Sheppey, the rural . district of Faversham (except the detached parts of the civil parishes of Dunkirk and Hern- hill which are wholly surrounded by the rural dis- trict of Blean), the municipal boroughs of Faver- sham and Queenbo rough, and the urban districts of Milton Regis, Sheerness, and Sittingbotirne. GRAVESEND. The rural districts of Hoo and Strood, the muni- cipal borough of Gravesend, and the urban dis- trict of Northfleet. ISLE OF THANET. The rural district of the Isle of Thanet, the muni- cipal boroughs of Margate, Ramsgate, and Sand- wich, and the urban district of Broadstairs and St. Peters. MAIDSTONE. The rural districts of Hollingbourne and Maid- stone, and the municipal borough of Maidstone. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 507 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. SEVENOAKS. The rural districts of Mailing and Sevenoaks, and the urban districts of Sevenoaks and Wrotham. TONBRIDGE. The rural district of Tonbridge, the municipal borough of Tunbridge Wells, and the urban dis- tricts of Southborough and Tonbridge. Name of Parliamentary County. PARTS OF KESTEVEN, AND RUTLAND. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of the Parts of Kesteven (exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Lincoln), and the administrative county of Rutland. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Ctotmty. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Cpiunty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. GRANTHAM. The rural districts of Branston, Claypole, and Slea- ford, the part of the rural district of Grantham which consists of the civil parishes of Ancaster, Barrowby, Belton, Carlton Scroop, Groat Goner by, Harrowby Without, Heydour, Honington, Hough- on-the-Hill, Londonthorpe, Manthorpe, Norman- ton, Welby, and the detached part of the civil parish of Spittlegato Without which is wholly surrounded by the municipal borough of Grantham , the muni- cipal borough of Grantham, and the urban districts of Ruskington and Sleaford. RUTLAND AND STAMFORD. The whole of the administrative county of Rutland, the rural districts of Bourne and Uffington, the part of the rural district of Grantham which is not in- 508 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. ^1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. eluded in the Grantham Division, the municipal borough of Stamford, and the urban district of Bourne. Name of Parliamentary County. LANCASTER. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Lancaster exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oo-unty. Eighteen . Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Oo-unty . Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CHORLEY. The rural district of Chorley, the part of the rural district of Wigan which consists of the civil parishes of Haigh, Parbold, Worthington, and Wrighting- ton, the municipal borough of Chorley, and the urban districts of Adlington, Croston, Leyland, and Withnell. CLITHEROE. The rural district of Burnley (except the detached part of the civil parish of Foulridge which is in- cluded in the parliamentary borough of Nelson and Colne), the rural district of Clitheroe, the muni- cipal borough of Clitheroe, and the urban districts of Great Harwood and Padiham. DA R WEN. The rural district of Blackburn, the municipal borough of Darwen, and the urban district of Turton. PARN WORTH. The part of the rural district of Barton-upon Irwell which consists of the civil parish of Clifton, PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 009 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. the part of the rural district of Bury which con- sists of the civil parishes of Ainsworth and Out- wood, and the urban districts of Famworth, Kears- ley, Little Hulton, Little Lever, and Worsley. FYLDE. The rural district of Fylde (except the part of the civil parish of Carleton which is included in the parliamentary borough of Blackpool), the rural dis- trict of Preston, and the urban districts of Fleet- wood, Kirkham, Longridge, Poulton-le- Fylde, Thornton, and Walton-le-Dale. HEYWOOD AND RADCLIFFE. The part of the rural district of Bury which is not included in the Famworth Division, the municipal borough of Hey wood, and the urban districts of Radcliffe, Harnsbottom, and Whitefield. INCE. The part of the rural district of Wigan which con- sists of the civil parish of Shevington, and the urban districts of Abram, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Billinge, Ince-in-Makerfield, Orrell, .and Standish-with Langtree . LANCASTER. The rural district of Garstang, the part of the rural district of Lancaster which is not included in the Lonsdale Division, the municipal boroughs of Lan- caster and Morecambe, and the urban districts of Heysham and Preesall. LONSDALE . The rural districts of Lunesdale and Ulverston, the detached part pf the rural district of Lancaster which is situated north of the municipal boroughs of Lan- caster and Morecambe, and the urban districts of Carnforth, Dalton-in-Furness, Grange, and Ulver- ston. 510 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. MlDDLETON AND PnESTWICH. The municipal borough of Middleton, and the urban districts of Chadderton and Prestwich. MOSSLEY. The rural district of Limehurst, the municipal borough of Mossley, and the urban districts of Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Failsworth, and Lees. NEWTON. The rural district of Warrington, the rural district of Leigh (except the civil parish of Astley), and the urban districts of Golborne, Haydock, and Newton -in-Makerfield . ORMSKIRK. The rural districts of Sefton and West Lancashire, the part of the rural district of Wigan which con- sists of the civil parish of Dalton, and the urban districts of Eormby, Lathom-with-Burscough, Ormskirk, Rainford, Skelmersdale, and Upholland. ROYTON. The urban districts of Crompton, Littleborough, Milnrow, Norden, Royton, Wardle, and Whitworth. STRETFORD . The rural district of Barton -upon-Irwell (except the civil parish of Clifton), the part of the rural district of Leigh which consists of the civil parish of Astley, and the urban districts of Irlam, Stret- ford, and Urmston. WATERLOO. The urban districts of Great Crosby, Litherland, Little Crosby, and Waterloo-with-Seaforth. WESTHOUGHTON . The urban districts of Aspull, Blackrod. Hindley, Horwich, and Westhoughton. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 511 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. WIDNES. The rural district of Whiston, the municipal borough of Widnes, and the urban districts of Huytxm-with-Koby and Prescot. Name of Parliamentary County. LEICESTEB. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Leicester. Total n\umber of Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or 'Boundaries of Divisions. BOSWORTH. The rural districts of Hinckley and Market Bos- worth, the part of the rural district of Ashby-de- la-Zouch which consists of the civil parish of Bardon, and the urban districts of Coalville and Hinckley. HARBOROUGH. The rural districts of Blaby, Hallaton, Lutter- worth, and Market Harborough, and the urban dis- tricts of Market Harborough, Oadby, and Wigston Magna. LOUGHBO ROUGH . The rural districts of Castle Donington and Lough- borough, the part of the rural district of Ashby-de- la-Zouch which is not included in the Bosworth Division, the municipal borough of Loughborough, and the urban districts of Ashby-de-la-r-Zouch, Ashby Woulds, and Shepshed . MELTON. The rural districts of Barrow-upon-Soar, Belvoir, Billesdon, and Melton Mowbray, and the urban dis- tricts of Melton Mowbray, Quorndon, and Thur- maston . 512 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary Co\unty. PARTS OF LINDSEY. Contents of Parliamentary C&unty. The administrative county of the parts of Lindsey exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Grimsby. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County, Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BRIGG. The rural district of Glanford Brigg, and the urban districts of Barton-upon-Humber, Brigg, Brough- ton, Brumby and Frodingham, Roxby-cum-Risby, Scunthorpe, and Winterton. GAINSBOROUGH. The rural districts of Gainsborough, Isle of Ax- holme, and Welton, and the urban districts of Crowle and Gainsborough . HORNCASTLE . The rural districts of Horncastle, Sibsey, and Spilsby, and the urban districts of Alford, Horn- castle, Skegness, and Woodhall Spa. LOUTH. The rural districts of Caistor, Grimsby, and Louth, the municipal borough of Louth, and the urban dis- tricts of Mablethorpe and Market Rasen. Name of Parliamentary County, MIDDLESEX. Contents of Parliamentary C&unty. The administrative county of Middlesex exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. * 513 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Total vwimber of Members -for Parliamentary Oounty. Ten. Names k>f Division^ otf Parliamentary (?p\unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ACTON . The urban district of Acton. BRENTFORD AND CHISWICK. The urban districts of Brentford and Chiswick. ENFIELD . The rural district of South Mimms and the urban district of Enfield. FlNCHLEY. The urban districts of Finchley and Friern Barnet. HARROW. The urban districts of Greenf ord, Hanwell, Harrow- on-the-Hill, Wealdstone, and Wembley. HEN DON. The rural district of Hendon, and the urban districts of Hendon and Kingsbury. SPELTHORNE . The rural district of Staincs, and the urban dis- tricts of Feltham, Hampton, Hampton Wick, Staines, Sunbury-on-Thames, and Teddington. TWICKENHAM. The urban districts of Heston and Isleworth and Twickenham . UXBRIDGE. The rural district of Uxbridge, and the urban dis- tricts of Hayes, Ruislrp-Northwood, Southall- Norwood, Uxbridge, and Yiewsley. WOOD GREEN. The urban districts of Southgate and Wood Green. F. 33 514 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. ' (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued'. Nfine of Parliamentary County. NOBFOLK. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Norfolk. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. Five. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EASTERN. The rural districts of East and West Flegg, Loddon and Clavering, St. Faith's, Smallburgh, and Bio- field (including the area, wholly surrounded by the county borough of Norwich, in which stand the shire hall, county police station and other county buildings), and the urban district of North Wals- ham. KING'S LYNN. The rural districts of Docking, Freebridge Lynn, King's Lynn, and Marshland (except the civil parishes of Outwell and Upwell), the part of the rural district of Downham which consists of the civil parishes of Wiggenhall St. Germans, Wiggenhall St. Mary the Virgin, Wiggenhall St. Mary Mag- dalen, and Wiggenhall St. Peter, the municipal borough of King's Lynn, and the urban districts of New Hunstanton and Walsoken. NORTHERN. The rural districts of Aylsham, Erpingham, and Walsingham, and the urban districts of Cromer, Sheringham, and Wells. vSOTJTHERN. The rural districts of Depwade, Forehoe, Hcnstead, and Wayland, the part of the rural district of Thet- PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 515 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. ford which is not included in the South- Western Division, and the urban district of Diss. SOUTH-WESTERN . The rural districts of Mitford and Launditdi and S waff ham, the part of the rural district of Down- ham which is not included in the King's Lynn Division, the part of the rural district of Marshland which consists of the civil parishes of Outwell and Up well, the part of the rural district of Thetford which consists of the civil parishes of Cranwich, Feltwell. Feltwell Anchor, Hockwold-cum- Wilton, Lynford, Methwold, Mundford, Northwold, Santon, Weeting with Bromehill, and West Tofts, the muni- cipal borough of Thetford, and the urban districte of Downham Market, East Dereham, and Swaff- ham . Name of Parliamentary County. NORTHAMPTON, WITH THE SOKE OF PETER- BOEOUGH. Contents of Parliamentary Co\unty. The administrative counties of Northampton and the soke of Peterborough. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Coymty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. DAVENTRY. The rural districts of Brackley, Crick, Daventry, Hardingstone, Middleton Cheney, Potterspury, and Towcester, the part of the rural district of North- ampton which is not included in the Kettering Division, and the municipal boroughs of Brackley and Daventry. 33 (2) 516 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. KETTERING. The rural districts of Brix worth, Kettering, and Oxendon, the part of the rural district of North-" amp ton which consists of the civil parishes of Great Billing, Little Billing, and Weston Favell, and the urban districts of Desborough, Kettering, and Both- well. PETERBOROUGH . The administrative county of the soke of Peter- borough, the rural districts of Easton-on-the-Hill and Gretton, the part of the rural district of Oundle which is within the administrative county of North- ampton, that part of the rural district of Thrapston which is within the administrative county of North- ampton and is not included in the Wellingborough Division, and the urban district of Oundle. WELLINGBOROUGH . The rural district of Wellingborough, the part of the rural district of Thrapston which consists of the civil parishes of Chelveston-cum-Caldecott, Har- grave, and Stanwick, the municipal borough of Higham Ferrers, and the urban districts of Fine- don, Irthlingborough, Eaunds, Rushden, and Wel- lingborough. ; Name of Parliamentary O,o\unty. NOB THUMBEEL AND . (Contents 'of Parliamentary Cf Parliamentary (bounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CHERTSEY. The rural district of Chertsey, and the urban dis- tricts of Chertsey, East and West Molesey, Egham, Esher, and the Dittons, Walton-upon-Thames, and Weybridge. EASTERN. The rural district of Godstone and the urban dis- tricts of Caterham and Coulsdon and Purley. EPSOM. The rural district of Epsom, and the urban districts of Epsom, Leathern ead, and Sutton. EARN HAM. The rural district of Farnham, the part of the rural district of Guildford which consists of the civil parish of Pirbright, and the urban districts of Farn- ham, Frimley, Windlesham, and Woking. GUILDFOED. The rural district of Hambledon, the rural district of Guildford (except the civil parish of Pirbright), the municipal boroughs of Guildford and God- aiming, and the urban district of Haslemere. MITCHAM. The urban districts of Beddington and Wellington, Carshalton, and Mitcham. 526 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. REIGATE. The rural districts of Dorking and Reigate, the municipal borough of Reigate, and the urban dis- trict of Dorking. Name of Parliamentary Co.unty. EAST SUSSEX. (Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of East Sussex (exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Brighton) and the county borough of Eastbourne. Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary (bounty. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EASTBOURNE. The rural district of Eastbourne, the part of the rural district of Hailsham which consists of the civil parishes of Arlington, Chalvington, Chiddingly, Hailsham, Hellingly, Laughton, and Ripe, and the county borough of Eastbourne. EAST GRINSTEAD. The rural districts of Cuckfield, East Grinstead, and Uckfield, and the urban districts of Burgess Hill, Cuckfield, East Grinstead, Hayward's Heath, and Uckfield. LEWES. The rural districts of Chailey, Newhaven, and Steyning East, the municipal borough of Lewes, and the urban districts of Newhaven, Portslade-by- Sea, and Seaford. RYE. The rural districts of Battle, Hastings, Rye, and Ticehurst, the part of the rural district of Hailsham * PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 527 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE con tinned. which is not included in the Eastbourne Division, the municipal boroughs of Bexhill and Rye, and the urban district of Battle. Name of Parliamentary County. WEST SUSSEX. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of West Sussex. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CHICHESTER. The rural districts of East Preston, Midhurst, Pet- worth, Westbourne, and Westhampnett, the muni- cipal boroughs of Arundel and Chiehester, and the urban districts of Bognor and Littlehampton. HORSHAM AND WORTHING. The rural districts of Horsham, Steyning West, and Thakeham, the municipal borough of Worthing, and the urban districts of Horsham, Shoreham-by- Sea, and South wick. Name of Parliamentary County. WARWICK. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Warwick. Total member of Members for Parliamentary County. Four. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. NUN EATON. The rural districts of Atherstone, Coventry, Foles- hill, and Nuneaton, the municipal borough of Nun- eaton, and the urban district of Bulkington. 528 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. EUGBY. The rural districts of Farnborough, Monks Kir by r Rugby, and Southam, the part of the rural district of Brailes which is not included in the Warwick and Leamington Division, the part of the rural district of Stratford-on-Avon which consists of the civil parishes of Charlcote, Combrook, Compton Verney, Eating ton, Kineton, Loxley, Moreton Morrell, Newbold Pacey, Wellesbourne Hastings, and Wellesbourne Mountford, and the urban district of Rugby. TAM WORTH. The rural districts of Meriden and Solihull, the part of the rural district of Tamworth which is within the administrative county of Warwick, and the municipal borough of Sutton Coldfleld. WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON. The rural districts of Alcester and Warwick, the part of the rural district of Brailes which consists of the civil parishes of Ilmington and Stretton-on- Fosse, the part of the rural district of Stratford-on- Avon which is not included in the Rugby Division, the municipal boroughs of Royal Leamington Spa, Stratford-on-Avon, and Warwick, and the urban district of Kenilworth. Name of Parliamentary County. WESTMORLAND. Oontents 'of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Westmorland. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary C&unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 529 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. WILTS. C'ontents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Wilts. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Eive. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions.. CHIPPENHAM. The rural districts of Calne, Chippenham, and Malrnesbury, the rural district of Cricklade and Wootton Bassett (except the detached part of the civil parish of Lydiard Tregoze which is wholly surrounded by the civil parishes of Broad Hinton and Wroughton), the part of the rural district of Tetbury which is within the administrative county of Wilts, and the municipal boroughs of Calne, Chippenham, and Malrnesbury. DEVIZES. The rural districts of Devizes, Marlborough, Pew- sey, and Eamsbury, the part of the rural district of Highworth which consists of the civil parishes of Bishopstone, Chisledon, Liddington, Little Hinton, Wanborough, and Wroughton, the afore- said detached part of the civil parish of Lydiard Tregoze, and the municipal boroughs of Devizes and Marlborough. SALISBURY. The rural districts of Amesbury, Salisbury, Tis- bury, and Wilton, and the municipal boroughs of Salisbury and Wilton. SWINDON. The part of the rural district of Highworth which is not included in the Devizes Division, and the municipal borough of Swindon. F. 34 530 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. WESTBURY. The rural districts of Bradford-on-Avon, Melks- ham, Mere, Warminster, and Westbury and Whor- wellsdown, and the urban districts of Bradford-on- Avon, Melksham, Trowbridge, Warminster, and Westbury. Name of Parliamentary County. WORCESTER. C'ontents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Worcester. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Bounty. Pour. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BE WDLEY . The rural districts of Hartley, Rock, Tenbury, and Upton-upon-Severn, the part of the rural district of .Tewkesbury which consists of the civil parishes of Chaceley and Pendock, the rural district which consists of the civil parishes of Rcdmarley D'Abitot and Staunton, the municipal borough of Bewdley, and the urban districts of Malvern and Stourport. EVESHAM. The rural districts of Droitwich, Evesham, Pecken- ham, Pershore, and Shipston-on-Stour, the parts of the rural districts of Stow-on-the-Wold and Winch- comb which are within the administrative county of Worcester, the part of the rural district of Tewkesbury which consists of the civil parishes of Bredon, Bredon's Norton, Conderton, Overbury, and Teddington, and the municipal boroughs of Droitwich and Evesham. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 531 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. KIDDERMINSTER . The rural districts of Brornsgrove and Kidder- minster, the municipal borough of Kidderminster, and the urban districts of Bromsgrove, North Bromsgrove, and Eedditch. STOURBRIDGE. The rural district of Halcsoweu, the municipal borough of Stourbridge, and the urban districts of Lye and Wollescote and Oldbury. Name of Parliamentary County. YORK, EAST RIDING. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of York, East Riding. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BUCK ROSE. The rural districts of Bridlington, Driffield, Norton, and Sherburn, the municipal borough of Bridling- ton, and the urban districts of Filey, Great Driffield, and Norton. HOLDERNESS. The rural districts of Patrington and Skirlaugh, the part of the rural district of Beverley which is not included in the Howdenshire Division, the part of the rural district of Sculcoates which consists of the civil parishes of Preston and Sutton, the municipal boroughs of Beverley and Hedon, and the urban districts of Cottingham, Hornsea. and Withernsea. 34 (2) 532 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (I) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. HOWDENSHIRE. The rural districts of Escrick, Howden, Pockling- ton, and Eiocall, the part of the rural district of Beverley which consists of the civil parishes of Brantingham, Ellerker, Elloughton-with-Brough, and South Cave, the part of the rural district of Sculcoates which is not included in the Holder- ness Division, and the urban districts of Hessle and Pocklington. Name of Parliamentary County. YORK, NORTH RIDING. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of York, North Riding, exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Stockton-on-Tees . Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Pour. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary C'ounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CLEVELAND. The rural district of Middlesbrough, the part of the rural district of Guisborough which is not in- cluded in the Scarborough and Whitby Division, and the urban districts of Eston, Guisborough, Hin- derwell, Loftus, Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, and Skelton and Brotton. RICHMOND. The rural districts of Aysgarth, Bedale, Croft, Ley- burn, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, and Stokesley, the municipal borough of Richmond, and* the urban districts of Kirklington-cum-Ups- land, Masham, and Northallerton. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 533 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. SCARBOROUGH AND WHITBY. The rural districts of Scarborough and Whitby, the part of the rural district of Guisborough which con- sists of the civil parishes of Commondale, Danby, and Westcrdale, the part of the rural district of Pickering which consists of the civil parishes of Allerston, Ebberston, Kingthorpe, Levisham, Lock- ton, Marishes, Newton, Thornton Dale, and .Wilton, the municipal borough of Scarborough, and the urban districts of Pickering, Scalby, and Whitby. THIRSK AND M ALTON. The rural districts of Easingwold, Flaxton, Helms- ley, Kirkby Moorside, Malton, Thirsk, and Wath, the part of the rural district of Pickering which is not included in the Scarborough and Whitby Divi- sion, and the urban district of Malton. Name of Parliamentary County. YORK, WEST RIDING. Contents of Parliamentary County. .The administrative county of York, West Riding, exclusive of the parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Nineteen . Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BARKSTON ASH. The rural districts of Bishopthorpe, Selby, Tad- caster, and Wetherby, the part of the rural district of Great Ouseburn which consists of the civil parishes of Acomb, H essay, Knapton, Moor Monk- ton, Nether Poppldxm, Rufforth, and Upper Pop- pleton, and the urban districts of Garforth and Selby. 534 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. COLNE VALLEY. The urban districts of. Farnley Tyas, Golcar, Holme, Holmfirth, Honley, Linthwaite, Marsden, Meltham, New Mill, Saddleworth, Scammonden, Slaith- waite, South Crosland, Springhead, and Thurston- land . DONCASTER. The municipal borough of Doncaster, and the urban districts of Adwick-le-Street and Bentley- with-Arksey. DON VALLEY. The rural districts of Doncaster and Thorne, and the urban districts of Mexborough and Tickhill. ELLAND. The rural district of Halifax (except the civil parish of Norland), the municipal borough of Brighouse, and the urban districts of Clayton, Elland, Greet- lahd, Hipperholme, Queensbury, Shelf, Southow- ram, and Stainland. HEMSWORTH. The rural district of Hemsworth, the part of the rural district of Barnsley which is not included in the Wentworth Division, and the urban districts of Cud worth and Roys ton. KEIGHLEY. The rural district of Keighley, the municipal borough of Keighley, and the urban districts of Denholme, Haworth, Oakworth, Oxenhope, and Silsden . NORM ANTON. The urban districts of Altofts, Castleford, Feather- stone, Methley, Norman ton, and Whitwood. PENISTONE. The rural districts of Ponistone and Wortley, and the urban districts of Clayton West, Denby and PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Cumber-worth, Gunthwaite and Ingbirchworth , Hoyland Swaine, Kirkburton, Penistone, Shelley, Shepley, Skelmanthorpe, Stocksbridge, and Thurl- stone . PONTEFRACT. The rural districts of Goole and Pontefract, the municipal borough of Pontefract, and the urban districts of Goole and Knottingley. PUDSEY AND OTLEY. The part of the rural district of Wharfedale which is not included in the Shipley Division, the muni- cipal borough of Pudsey, and the urban districts of Burley-in-Wharfedale, Calverley, Farsley, Hors- forth, Ilkley, Otley, and Rawdon. RIPON. The rural districts of Knaresborough, Pateley Bridge, an-d Ripon, the part of the rural district of Great Ouseburn which is not included in the Barkston Ash Division, the municipal boroughs of Harrogate and Ripon, and the urban district of Knaresborough . ROTHER VALLEY. The rural district of Kiveton Park, the part of the rural district of Rotherham which is not included in the Wentworth Division, and the urban districts of Handsworth and Swinton. ROTHWELL. The rural districts of Hunslet and Wakefield, and the urban districts of Ardsley East and West, Emley, Flockton, Horbury, Rothwell, and Stanley. SHIPLEY. The part of the rural district of Wharfedale which consists of the civil parishes of Esholt, Hawks- worth, and Menston, and the urban districts of Baildon, Bingley, Guiseley, Shipley, and Yeadon. 53t) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. SKIPTON. The rural districts of Bowlaiid, Sedbergh, Settle, and Skipton, and the urban districts of Barn olds- wick, Earby, and Skipton. SOWERBY. The rural district of Todmorden, the part of the rural district of Halifax which consists of the civil parish of Norland, the municipal borough of Tod- morden, and the urban districts of Barkisland, Hebden Bridge, Luddenden Foot, Midgley, Mytholmroyd, Rishworth, Sowerby, Sower by Bridge, and Soyland. SPEN VALLEY. The urban districts of Birkenshaw, Birstal, Drigh- lington, Gildersome, Heckmondwike, Hunsworth, Kirkheaton, Lepton, Mirfield, Spenborough, and Whitley Upper. WENT WORTH. The part of the rural district of Barnsley which consists of the civil parishes of Billingley and Stain- borough, the part of the rural district of Rother- ham which consists of the civil parishes of Bramp- ton Bierlow and Wentworth, and the urban districts of Bolton-upon-Dearne, Dariield, Dodworth, Hoy- land Nether, Thurnscoe, Wath-upon-Dearne, Wombwell, and Worsborough. (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. Name of Parliamentary County. ANGLESEY. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Anglesey. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 537 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. BRECON AND RADNOR. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative counties of Brecon and Radnor, Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 'Name of Parliamentary County. CARDIGAN. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Cardigan. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. CARMARTHEN. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Carmarthen 538 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIBE ^#ttfo'm*e$. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CAKMARTHEN . The rural districts of Carmarthen, Llandovery, Llanybyther, Newcastle-in-Emlyn, and Whitland, the part of the rural district of Llandilofawr which is not included in the Llanelly Division, the muni- cipal boroughs of Carmarthen, Kid welly, and Llan- dovery, and the urban districts of Llandilo and Newcastle Emlyn. LLA NELLY. The rural district of Llanelly, the part of the rural district of Llandilofawr which consists of the civil parishes of Bettws, Llandybie, and Quarter Bach, and the part of the civil parish of Llandilo Rural which comprises Ward I. of that parish as formed by the order of the county council of Carmarthen dated the 23rd day of October, 1894, the municipal borough of Llanelly, and the urban districts of Ammanford, Burry Port, and Owmamman. Name of Parliamentary County. CARNARVON. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Carnarvon exclusive of the part thereof comprised in the Carnarvon District of Boroughs and inclusive of Bardsey Island. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 539 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. DENBIGH. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Denbigh. Total number of Members for Parliamentary (bounty. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. DENBIGH. The rural districts of Llangollen, Llanrwst, Llan- silin, Buthin, St. Asaph (Denbigh), and Uwchaled, the rural district of Glan Conway consisting of the civil parishes of Llanelian yn Elios and Llansant- ffraid Glan Conway, the part of the rural district of Chirk which is not included in the Wrexham Division, the municipal boroughs of Denbigh and Ruthin, and the urban districts of Abergele and Pensarn, Colwyn Bay and Colwyn, Llangollen, and Llanrwst. WREXHAM. The rural district of Wrexham, the part of the rural district of Chirk which consists of the civil parish of Chirk, and the municipal borough of Wrexham. Name of Parliamentary County. FLINT. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Flint. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 540 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Name of Parliamentary County. GLAMORGAN. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Glamorgan exclusive of the p&rte thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Seven. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ABERAVON. The part of the rural district of Neath which con- sists of the civil parishes of Baglan Higher, Bag- Ian Lower, Michaelston Higher, and Michaelston Lower, the part of the rural district of Penybont which consists of the civil parishes of Kenfig, Pyle, Sker, Tythegston Higher, and Tythegston Lower, the municipal borough of Aberavon, and the urban districts of Briton Ferry, Glencorwg, Margam, and Porthcawl. CAERPHILLY. The urban districts of Caerphilly and Gelligaer. GOWER. The rural districts of Gower and Swansea, and the urban district of Oysterrnouth. LLANDAFF AND BARRY. The rural district of Llandaff and Dinas Powis, and the urban district of Barry. NEATII. The rural district of Pontardawe, the part of the rural district .of Neath which is not included in the Aberavon Division, and the municipal borough of Neath. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 541 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. OGMORE. The part of the rural district of Penybont which is not included in the Aberavon Division, and the urban districts of Bridgend, Maesteg, and Ogmore and Garw. PONTYPRIDD. The rural districts of Cowbridge and Llantrisant and Llantwitfardre, the municipal borough of Cow- bridge, and the urban district of Pontypridd. Name of Parliamentary County. MERIONETH. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Merioneth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. MONMOUTH. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Monmouth. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Five. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. ABERTILLERY. The urban districts of Abercarn, Abertillery, and Nantyglo and Blaina. 542 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. BEDWELLTY. The part of the rural district of St. Mellons which consists of the civil parish of Bogerstone, and the urban districts of Bedwas and Machen, Bedwellty, Mynyddislwyn, and Eisca. EBBW VALE. The urban districts of Ebbw Valo, Bhymney, and Tredegar. MONMOUTH. The rural districts of Abergavenny, Chepstow, Magor, Monmouth, and Pontypool, the rural dis- trict of St. Mellons (except the civil parish of Bogerstone), the municipal boroughs of Aberga- venny and Monmouth, and the urban districts of Caerleon. Chepstow, and Usk. PONTYPOOL . The urban districts of Abersychan, Blaenavon, Llanfrechfa Upper, Llantarnam, Panteg, and Pontypool. Name of Parliamentary County. MONTGOMERY. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Montgomery. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County . One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. PEMBBOKE. Contents of Parliamentary County. The administrative county of Pembroke. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 543 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Na/nes of Divisions of Parliamentary. County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. (3) SCOTLAND. Name of Parliamentary County. ABERDEEN AND KINCARDINE. Contents of Parliamentary County. The counties of Aberdeen and Kincardine, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the county of the city of Aberdeen arid the burgh of Inverbervie. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. . Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CENTRAL. The county districts of Aberdeen, Ellon, Garioch, and Huntly, inclusive of the burghs of Ellon, Inverurie, Kintorc, Old Meldrum, and Huntly. EASTERN . The county districts of Deer and Turriff, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. KINCARDINE AND WESTERN. The county of Kincardine, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the burgh of Inverbervie and that portion of the county of the city of Aber- deen which is situated within the said county of Kincardine, together with the county districts of Alford and Deeside, inclusive of all burghs situated therein . 544 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (3) SCOTLAND continued. Name of Parliamentary County. ARGYLL. Contents of Parliamentary County. The county of Argyll, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total number of Members -for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Caunty. AYE AND BUTE. Contents &f Parliamentary County. The counties of Ayr and Bute, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the burghs of Ayr, Ardrossan, Irvino, Prest- wick, Saltcoats, and Troon. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. BUTE AND NORTHERN. The county of Bute, inclusive of all burghs situ- ated therein, and the county district of Northern Ayr, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except in so far as included in the Ayr District of Burghs. KlLMARNOCK. The county district of Kilmarnock, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except in so far as included in the Ayr District of Burghs. SOUTH AYRSHIRE. The county districts of Ayr and Carrick, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except in so far as included in the Ayr District of Burgb is. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 545 (3) SCOTLAND continued. Name of Parliamentary County. BANFF. Contents of Parliamentary County. The county of Banff, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. BERWICK AND HADDINGTON. Contents of Parliamentary County. The counties of Berwick and Haddington, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Co-ntents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. CAITHNESS AND SUNDERLAND. Contents o>f Parliamentary C&unty. The counties of Caithness and Sunderland, inclusive of all burghf situated therein. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Sotmdaries of Divisions. F. 35 546 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (3) SCOTLAND continued. Name of Parliamentary County. DUMBARTON. Contents of Parliamentary County. The county of Dumbarton, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the burghs of Dumbarton and Clydebank. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary Caunty. DUMFRIES. Contents of Parliamentary County. The county of Dumfries, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total number oj Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. FIFE. Contents &f Parliamentary County. The county of Fife, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the burghs of Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath, Inverkeithing, Lochgelly, Kirkcaldy, Buckhaven Methil and Innerleven, Burntisland, Dysart, and Kinghorn. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 547 (3) SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EASTERN. The Cupar and St. Andrews County Districts, in- clusive of all burghs situated therein, together with the burgh of Leven and so much of the Kirkcaldy County District as is contained within the extra- burghal portion of the parish of Scoonie and the parish of Kennoway. WESTERN . The Dunfermline County District, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except in so far as in- cluded in the Dunfermline District of Burghs, together with so much of the Kirkcaldy County District, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, as is included neither in the Eastern Division nor in the Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy Districts of Burghs. Name of Parliamentary County. FORFAR. Contents of Parliamentary County. The county of Forfar, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the county of the city of Dundee and the burghs of Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, and Forfar. Total number of Members for Parliamentary Cvunty. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 35(2) 548 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (3) SCOTLAND continued. Name of Parliamentary County. GALLOWAY. Contents of Parliamentary County. The counties of Kirkcudbright and Wigtown, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total number o-f Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Diiiisions. Name of Parliamentary C&unty. INVERNESS AND BOSS AND CEOMAETY. Contents of Parliamentary County. The counties of Inverness and Eoss and Cromarty, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary County. Three. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. INVERNESS. The county of Inverness, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except in so far as contained within the Western Isles Division. Eoss AND CROMARTY. The county of Eoss and Cromarty, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except in so far as con- tained within the Western Isles Division. WESTERN ISLES. So much of the county of Eoss and Cromarty as is contained within the Lews County District, in- clusive of the burgh of Stornoway, together with PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 549 (3) SCOTLAND continued. so much of the county of Inverness as is contained within the Harris County District, the North Uist County District, and the South Uist County Dis- trict. Name of Parliamentary County. LANARK. Contents o>f Parliamentary County. The county of Lanark, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except the county of the city of Glasgow and so much of the burgh of Renfrew as is contained within the parish of Go van. Total number of Parliamentary County. The county of Renfrew, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except the burghs of Greenock and Paisley, together with so much of the burgh of Renfrew as is contained within the parish of Govan in the county of Lanark. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 553 (3) SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two. Names of Diviaio-ns of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. EASTERN . The Upper County District, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except the burghs of Paisley and Johnstons, together with so much of the burgh of Renfrew as is contained within the parish of Govan in the county of Lanark. WESTERN . The Lower County District, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except the burgh of Grecnock, together with the burgh of Johnstone. Name of Parliamentary C aunty. ROXBURGH AND SELKIRK. Contents of Parliamentary County. The counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. Toted number of Members for Parliamentary County. One. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. Name of Parliamentary County. STIRLING AND CLACKMANNAN. Contents of Parliamentary Co^unty. The counties of Stirling and Clackmannan, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, except the burghs of Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth. 554 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. (3) SCOTLAND continued. Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. Two. Names of Divisions of Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. CLACKMANNAN AND EASTERN. The county of Clackmannan, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, together with the Eastern County District of the county of Stirling, exclusive of the burghs of Falkirk and Grangemouth. WESTERN. The Central and Western County Districts of the county of Stirling, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, but exclusive of the burgh of Stirling. PART III. UNIVERSITIES. Description of University Constituency. England and "Wales : The University of Oxford The University of Cambridge The University of London The University of Wales The University of Durham, the Victoria University of Manches- ter, the University of Liverpool, the University of Leeds, the University of Sheffield, the University of Birmingham, and the University of Bristol Scotland : The University of St. Andrews, the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen, and the University of Edinburgh. . Number of Members. APPENDIX I. ORDERS IN COUNCIL, DIRECTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, &c. [N,B, For further Orders in Council, published too late to be included in this Appendix, see p. 747, infra, et seq.~] No. CONTENTS. PAGE 1. Order in Council prescribing Forms for Registration Purposes (R. P. 4) 555 2. Directions by Local Government Board to Registration Officers (R. P. 2) 579 3. Memorandum as to Franchises sent by Local Government Board to Registration Officers (R. P. 6) 589 4. Memorandum of Instructions by Registration Officers to Overseers (R. P. 5) 597 5. Scale of Registration Expenses (Pt. P. 8) 610 6. Order in Council fixing dates (a) in connection with First Register (R. P. 3) 613 7. Registration Officers Order, 1918 615 8. Circular Letter from Local Government Board as to Polling Districts, &c. (R. P. 1) 618 9. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- tration Officers dated April 6th, 1918 620 10. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- tration Officers dated April 10th, 1918 (R, P. 12) 623 11. Order in Council dated March 22nd, 1918 626 12. Rules by Admiralty defining expression ' * afloat " 628 13. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- tration Officers dated May 13th, 1918 (R. P. 14) 628 14. Lists of Bodies recognised by Admiralty, Army Council, and Air Council as doing Work of National Importance (R. P. 7 andR. P. 12) 635 No, 1. OEDEE IN COUNCIL PRESCRIBING FORMS FOE EEGISTEATION PUEPOSES (b). R. P. 4. At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of March, 1918. PRESENT, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1918 (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are to be prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: (a] A further Order iii Council has been substituted for the Order in Council referred to above. Such further order, -which has been published too late to be included in this Appendix, will be found on p. 747, infra. (b) See ss. 13 (2) and 5 (2), pp. 133, 134, and 77, svpra. 56 APPENDIX I. And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as follows: " His Majesty may by Order in Council proscribe the forms to be used for registration purposes and any foes to be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules, contained in the First Schedule to this Act for the pur- pose of carrying this Act into full effect . . . ." (s. 13 (2)). " The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner, that he would have had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for the service which brings him within the provisions of this section, shall for all purposes of this section be sufficient if there is no evidence to the contrary." (s. 5 (2)). Now, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 1. The forms specified in the Schedule to this Order, or forms to the like effect, shall be used in the cases to which they are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms. 2. In particular the forms of statement as therein specified under heading V. (" Forms of statement to be made under s. 5 (2) of the Act "), or forms to the like effect, shall be deemed to be the prescribed forms of statement that a person would have had the necessary qualification but for the service which brings him within the provisions of the said section, and shall be verified by being countersigned by an officer or other person in the manner shown on the forms. 3. This Order shall not apply to Scotland or Ireland. ALMERIC FrrzRoy. SCHEDULE. FORMS. I. FORMS OF INFORMATION TO BE REQUIRED FROM HOUSEHOLDERS, OCCUPIERS, OWNERS, AGENTS, &c. FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 35 (6). FORM A (HOUSEHOLDER OR OCCUPIER). REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Particulars required from Householder or Occupier ~lnj the Registration Officer for INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING UP THIS FORM. (1) You will enter as a resident any person who is ordinarily living in the house, whether he is actually present there on a given date or not. (2) Generally speaking, the person to be entered as occupier is the person who pays rent in respect of the premises or land, (b) For this Rule, see p. 352, supra. REGISTRATION FORMS. 557 where the premises or land are let, and where the premises or land are not let, the owner if in occupation. (3) A person who inhabits a dwelling house or rooms (with- out payment of rent), by virtue of any office, service or employ- ment, is to be treated as an occupier, so long as his employer does not himself inhabit the house or rooms. (4) Lodgers are only to be treated as occupiers where the lodgings are let to them unfurnished. (5) Where land .or premises are occupied by a partnership, or otherwise by persons as joint tenants, all the members of the partnership and all the joint tenants should be entered, with a statement that they occupy as members of a partnership or otherwise as joint tenants. (6) A person qualified under more than one heading should be entered under each of those headings. To , Householder [Occupier] at You are required to give information on the following points for the purpose of assisting the Registration Officer in compiling the Parliamentary and Local Government registers. 1. For the purpose of the PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (MEN). (a) Information as to men who are resident in the premises (occupier to be included if resident; men under 21 not to be entered). Names. Surname. Other names in full. State whether present residence commenced I on or before, or after * 19 i Whether a If after, give addresses (with dates) of previous residences since that date, so far as known. British Subject. (b) Information as to men (if any) who are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof for the purpose of a business, profession, or trade (men under 21 not to be entered). i State whether present occupa- Names. Other Surname. names in tion of the premises com- menced on or before, or after * 19 If after, give addresses (with dates) of previous occupa- tion since that date so far Description of Business, Profession, or Trade. Whether a British Subject. full. as known. First day of qualifying period. 558 APPENDIX I. 2. For the purpose of the PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (WOMEN). (a) Information as to women over thirty years of age who are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof in their own right. Surname. Names. ; State whether present occupation of the premises commenced on before, or after * 19 . Other ; If after, give addresses (with dates) of names in ! previous occupation since that date so far full. as known. Whether a British Subject. (b) Information as to married women over thirty years of age whose husbands are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof. Names. Surname. Other names in full. State whether the husband's occupation of the premises commenced on or before, or after* 19 If after, give addresses (with dates) of previous occupation since that date so far as known. Whether a British Subject. 3, For the purpose of the LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE (MEN). Information as to men who are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof (men under 21 not to be entered). Names. Surname. Other names in full. State whether present occupation of the premises commenced on or before, or i -.T^ ,.. after * 19 Whether a If after, give addresses (with dates) of previous occupation since that date so far as knowa. British Subject. * First day of qualifying period. REGISTRATION FORMS. 559 4. For the purpose of the LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE (WOMEN). (a) Information as to women who are occupiers of the pre- mises or any part thereof in their own right (women under 21 not to be entered). Names. Surname. Other names in full. State whether present occupation of the premises commenced on or before, or after * 19 If after, give addresses (with dates) of previous occupation since that date so far as known. Whether a British Subject. (b) Information as to married women over thirty years of age who are living with their husbands at the premises, and whose husbands are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof. Nan Surname. aes. State whether the husband's occupation of the premises commenced on or before, or after * 19 Other If after give addresses (with dates) of names in previous occupation since that date so far full. as known. Whether a British Subject. | 5. For the purpose of the registration of NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. Information as to any person who is (a} serving in His Majesty's Forces, or (b) serving abroad or afloat in connection with the war (i) as a merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman; or (ii) in some other capacity, and who would have been, in the case of a man residing on or occupying, or, in the case of a woman occupying, the premises but for his or her service. NOTE. Only men over 19 and women over 30 to be entered. Names . Other- Surname, names in full. Male or Female. Description of service. fa) If in the Forces, give so far as known regiment, ship, number, &c. (b) If not in the Forces, state ! nature of service. * First day of qualifying period. 560 APPENDIX I. Other information required by the registration officer. (To be filled in by registration officer) . I declare that the particulars given in this return are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature Date This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- viously called for should be sent by post within days from this date to the address given on the back. Signed , Registration Officer. Date N.B. The Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918, imposes a penalty in the case of failure to give the required information and in the case of false information being given. POEM B. (OWNER,, AGENT OR FACTOR.) EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To (Owner, Agent or Factor.) For the purpose of assisting the registration officer in com- piling the parliamentary and local government registers you are required to give the undermentioned information in respect of each person who occupies separately any part of the land or premises known as Occupiers. Address of land or premises occupied.* State whether dwelling house, or business premises or other premises. Date on which occupation commenced. Surname. Other names in full. * In the case of numbered flats, offices, &c., insert the number of the flat, office, &c. In the case of unnumbered flats, offices, &c., describe premises occupied, e.ff., 2 rooms 1st floor ; 1 room 4th floor, &c. I declare that the particulars given in this return are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature Date REGISTRATION FORMS. 561 This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- viously called for should be sent by post within days from this date to the address given on the back. Signed Registration Officer. Date N.B. The Representation of the People Act, 1918, imposes a penalty in the case of failure to give the required information and in the case of false information being given. FORM 0. (HOUSEHOLDER, OCCUPIER, OWNER, AGENT OR FACTOR.) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To For the purpose of assisting the registration officer in com- piling the parliamentary and local government registers you are required to give supplemental information on the following particular points : Information Required . Answer . I declare that the information given in this return is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature Date This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- viously called for should be sent by post within days from this date to the address given on the back. Signed Registration Officer. Date N.B. The Representation of the People Act, 1918, imposes a penalty in the case of failure to give the required information and in the case of false information being given. F. 36 562 APPENDIX I. II. POEMS OF CLAIM TO BE REGISTERED. FIBST SCHEDULE, RULES 9 AND 10 (c). (1) MAN'S PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM (RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION) ((?). To the registration officer for the constituency of Address Claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of a residence qualification. I hereby declare (1) that I claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector for the above constituency in respect of residence at* (2) that I was residing at the qualifying premises on thef day of last, and have resided at the qualifying pre- mises during the whole of the six months ending on the said day$; (3) that I have attained the age of twenty-one; (4) that I am a British subject. Signed , Date NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. * Here insert full postal address. t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 1 See instruction at foot of Form. INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE (e). If the claimant's residence commenced after the day of ,19 , paragraph (2) must be struck out and the following paragraph filled in and signed: (2) I hereby declare that I Tvas residing at the qualifying premises on thef day of last, and that during the six months ending on the said day I resided as follows: from to at , from to at , etc., etc. Signed Here insert first day of qualifying period. t Here insert last day of qualifying period. (c) For these rules, see pp. 342343, supra, (t day of qualifying period. t Here insert last day of qualifying period. (o) See pp. 75, 76, supra. (p) See p. 60, wpra. 668 APPENDIX I. (7) CLAIM MADE BY ONE PERSON ON BEHALF OF ANOTHER (PARLIAMENTARY) (q). To the registration officer for the constituency of Address I hereby claim on behalf of of that he [she] should be registered as a Parliamentary elector for the above constituency; in respect of* Signed Address Date NOTE. The Act provides that where a claim is made by one person on behalf of another the name is not to be entered on the register unless the matters required to be stated in the declara- tion made by a person claiming on his own behalf are proved to the satisfaction of the registration officer. * Here insert qualification (e.g^ Evidence at , Occupation of Business Premises at , &c,), and full postal address and descrip- tion of qualifying premises. (8) CLAIM MADE BY ONE PERSON ON BEHALF OF ANOTHER* (LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (q}. To the registration officer for Address I hereby claim on behalf of of that he [she] should be registered as a local government elector for all local government elections in respect of* [except local government elections for ]. Signed Address . Date NOTE. The Act provides that where a claim is made by one person on behalf of another the name is not to be entered on the register unless the matters required to be stated in the declara- tion made by a person claiming on his own behalf are proved to the satisfaction of the registration officer. * Here insert qualification (e.g. t Occupation of dwelling house at , or husband's occupation of shop at , &c.) and full postal address and description of qualifying premises. (q] See Rule 10, p. 343, supra. REGISTRATION FORMS. 569 (9) CLAIM FOE COREECTION OF ENTRY IN LISTS (r). To the registration officer for Address I hereby claim that the following entry of my name in the lists prepared by you* should be altered as follows: f Signed Address Date NOTE. Where the correction claimed would give to the claimant the right to vote at any election at which the claimant could not vote but for the correction, there must be added to this claim a declaration in the same form as that to be made by a, person claiming to be registered as such a voter. * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration unit. t e.g., by removing the name from one division to another, altering the mark placed against the name, correcting the particulars entered, &c. III. CLAIM AND DECLARATION TO BE MADE BY NAVAL AND MIL1TAKY VOTERS BEEOEE BEING REGISTERED IN EESPECT OE AN ACTUAL RESI- DENCE QUALIFICATION. SECT. 5 (1) (a). In the case of a merchant seaman, pilot, or fisherman, who is a naval or military voter the statement set out in the form prescribed for such persons under heading V. (" Eorms of state- ment to be made under s. 5 (2) of the Act ") shall (if it includes a statement of actual residence) be sufficient form of claim and declaration . In other cases the same form must be used as in the case of a Man's Parliamentary Claim (Residence Qualification) with the substitution of " month " for " six months," and of " the age> of nineteen " for " the age of twenty-one "; and must be accom- panied by the following declaration: I, being a naval [military] voter hereby declare that I have taken steps to prevent my being registered in a constituency for which I should have had the necessary qualification but for my service, as follows: * Signed * Here insert steps taken. (/) See Rule 9, pp. 342343, supra. (*) See pp. 76, 77, 9193, *upra. 570 APPENDIX I. IV. POEMS OE NOTICE OP OBJECTION. EIEST SCHEDULE, EULE 12 ($). (1) OBJECTION TO LISTS OP PARLIAMENTARY OBJECTORS. To the registration officer for the constituency of Address I hereby give you notice that I object to the entry of* as a Parliamentary elector. The grounds of my objection are: I am entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary elector for the above constituency as follows: * Signed Address Date * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration unit. (2) OBJECTION TO LISTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORS. To the registration officer for Address I hereby give you notice that I object to the entry of* as a local government elector for the local government area. The grounds of my objection are: I am entered in the lists of local government electors for the above local government area as follows: * 'Signed Address Date * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating- registration unit. \ (3) OBJECTION TO CLAIMS (PARLIAMENTARY). To the registration officer for the constituency of Address I hereby give you notice that I object to the name of being placed in accordance with the claim made in that behalf in the lists of Parliamentary electors for the above constituency. The grounds for my objections are as follows: I am entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary elector for the above constituency as follows: * Signed Address Date * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration unit. (t) For this Rule, see p. 344, supra. REGISTRATION FORMS. 571 OBJECTION TO CLAIMS (LOCAL GOVERNMENT). To the registration officer for Address I hereby give you notice that I object to the name of being placed in accordance with the claim made in that behalf in the lists of local government electors for the following local government electoral areas: The grounds of my objection are as follows: I am entered in the lists of local government electors for the above areas as follows: * Signed Address Date * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration unit. V. POEMS OF STATEMENT TO BE MADE UNDER S. 5 (2) () OP THE AOT. A. BY MEN. Navy. REPRESENTATION or THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Parent Ship (or Establishment) Surname Christian Names (in full) Rank or Rating . Official No. Age (on 15th April, 1918) . State whether R.N., R.M., R.N.R., R.N.V.R., or R.N.D. Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where officer or man would have been residing but for his service in the Forces The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of the above named officer or man Counter-signature of officer (M) See pp. 77, 8890, supra. 672 APPENDIX I. (2) Army Form REPRESENTATION OP THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Unit and Arm of the Service Regimental Number* . Bank Surname Christian Names (in full) Age (on 15th April, 1918) Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where officer or soldier would have been residing but for his service? in the Forces . i The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named officer or soldier . \ Counter-signature of officer * To be struck out in the case of an officer. (3) Air Force .Form REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Unit Official number . Rank Surname Christian Names (in full) Age (on 15th April, 1918) Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 1 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where officer or airman would have been residing but for his service in the Forces The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. "Signature of above-named officer or airman Counter-signature of officer (4) MEN (not in H.M. Forces) serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Department, Body or Association under which serving Class of work on which engaged Surname Christian Names (in full) Age (on 15th April, 1918) Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 1 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where! man would have been residing if not serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War Address for postal communications REGISTRATION FORMS. 573 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named man Counter-signature of representative of Department, Body or Association under which the above-named is serving (5) Merchant Seamen, Pilots or Fishermen serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War. REPBESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Nature of Service (i.e., whether Merchant Seaman, Pilot, or Fisherman, &c.) Name of Vessel Surname Christian Names (in full) Age (on 15th April, 1918) . Description and number of certificate (if any) Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including" the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where man would have been residing if not serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War Where a man has not given up his residence owing to his service, he should write below the qualifying address the words " actual residence." Address for postal communications The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named man Counter-signature of representative of Board of Trade, Pilotage Authority, or Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, as case may be, and name of place B. BY WOMEN. (6) Army Form WOMEN serving with the Military Forces. REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Unit Service description and regimental number if any Surname Christian Names (in full) State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, land, &c.) Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) Full postal address of qualifying property (including the County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named woman Counter-signature of Officer or Administrator 574 APPENDIX I. (7) Air Force Form WOMEN Serving with the Air Force. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Unit Service description and number if any Surname Christian Names (in full) State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, land, &c.) Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) Full postal address of qualifying property (including the County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named woman Counter-signature of Officer or Administrator WOMEN serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Body or Association under which serving Class of work on which engaged Surname 'Christian Names (in full) State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, land, &c.) Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) Full postal address of qualifying property (including the County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) Address for postal communications The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signature of above-named woman Counter- signature of representative of Body or Association under which the above-named is serving REGISTRATION FORMS. 575 VI. FORM OP CLAIM TO BE PLACED ON ABSENT VOTERS' LIST. FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 16 (a?). REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To the registration officer for the constituency of Address I, being a person entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for the above constituency in respect of qualifying pre- mises at* , hereby claim to be placed upon the absent voters' list on the ground that there is a probability that owing to my occupation [service] [employment] as I shall be debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections held whilst the register now being prepared is in force. Signed Address Date * Here give postal address, stating registration unit where possible. VII. FORMS OF NOTICE OF APPEAL. FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 29 (y). (1) NOTICE TO REGISTRATION OFFICER OF APPEAL AGAINST HIS DECISION. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To the registration officer for Address I hereby give notice of appeal against your decision* on the following grounds: f Signed Address Date * Give particulars of decision, f.y., ' refusing to enter my name on the Register of Parliamentary Electors," &c. t Here insert grounds of appeal. (x) For this Rule, see p. 345, supra. (y} For this Rule, see p. 350, supra. 576 APPENDIX I. (2) NOTICE OF APPEAL TO THE OPPOSITE PARTY. REPBESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To Address I hereby give you no'tice of appeal against the decision of the [Registration Officer for* on the following grounds: f Signed Address Date * Give particulars of decision, . DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE LOCAL GOVERN- MENT BOARD TO REGISTRATION OFFI- CERS PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(1) (cV K. P. 2. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, Whitehall, S.W.I. 20th March, 1918. SIR, I am directed by the President of the Looal Government Board to enclose copies of an Order in Council (a) which has been mado under section 46 (2) of the Representation of the 1 People Act, 1918, altering, in connection with the first register, the registration dates fixed in the First Schedule of the Act and the dates governing the qualifying period fixed by Sections 6 and 11 of the Act, and of an Order in Council (6) made under 1 Section 13 (2) of the Act prescribing certain Forms to be used for registration purposes. It will be seen that the qualifying period for the first register will be the six months ending on the 15th April next and that the register will come into force on the 1st October next. The effect is to extend considerably the period for the preparation of that register beyond the time allowed by the Eules in the First Schedule for the preparation of a normal register. The periods fixed by the Eules for various stages in the preparation of the electors lists and registers are corre- spondingly extended. DUTIES OF EEGISTRATION OFFICERS. The duty of compiling the registers for a parliamentary county or borough and of placing or causing to be placed therein the names of persons entitled to be registered as parliamentary electors and as local government electors is imposed on the Registration Officer, and it will be the duty of the Registration Officer to comply with any general or special directions given by the Local Government Board with respect to the arrange- ments to be made by him for carrying out his duties (S. 13) (c). The Board propose to deal in this Circular with matters immediately concerned with the preparation of the electors lists. They feel that the procedure to be adopted in each regis- tration area must to some extent depend on local circumstances, and they do not at the present time regard any specific instruc- tions to the Registration Officers as necessary. Mr. Hayes Fisher (z) See p. 133, supra. (a) For this Order in Council, see pp. 613 614, infra. (b) For this Order in Council, see pp. 555 578, supra. (e) Seep. 133, supra. 37(2) 580 APPENDIX I. desires, however, to refer to Rule 6 (d) in the First Schedule, which requires the Registration Officer to cause a house to house, or other sufficient inquiry, to be made for the purpose of ascer- taining the names of persons entitled to be registered. In con- nection with this subject attention is called to the observations in the memorandum of instructions to overseers (e), as to the utilisation of Form A. prescribed by the Order in Council. It will be observed that by Rule 36 (/) the Registration Officer 1 , subject to any directions given by the Board, has access to the national register compiled under the National Registration Act, 1915. The Board have no doubt that the Clerk to the Local Registration Authority will give any necessary assistance for the purpose of supplementing the information obtained by the persons making the above-mentioned inquiry, or otherwise for facilitating the preparation of the electors lists and register, and the Board do not at present think it necessary to give any specific directions in the matter. It is, however, desirable that where the register is not in the charge of the Registration Officer, and access to it is desired for the overseers or other persons engaged in preparing the lists, he should himself arrange with the Clerk to the Local Registration Authority as to the times when and manner in which reference may be made to the register. CERTIFICATES OF BIRTH AND STATUTORY DECLARATIONS. Under Rule 37 (#) in Schedule 1, a person before being regis- tered may be required by the Registration Officer to produce a certificate of birth or of naturalisation or to make a statutory declaration that he or she is of the requisite age or is a British subject, as the case may be. The form of requisition (h} for a certificate of birth, it will be seen, is prescribed by the Order in Council. Any fee payable in connection with a declaration will be paid by the Registration Officer. Ordinarily, the Board do not think that for the purposes of preparing the electors; lists any such requirement should be necessary. If in any special case a certificate of birth or declaration is found necessary, it ishould only be required under the express direction of the Registration Officer. FRANCHISES. Copies of a memorandum (&) as to the franchises created by the new Act are enclosed. The new parliamentary franchises take the place of all parliamentary franchises existing at the time of the passing of the Act, and the new local government franchises take the place of all local government franchises exist- ing at the time of the passing of the Act so far as respects. (d) For this Rule, see p. 341, supra. (e) For this memorandum, see pp. 597 609, infra. (/) For this Rule, see p. 352, tupra. (g) For this Rule, see pp. 352 353, supra. (A) For this Form, see p. 576, supra. () See pp. 589596, infra. DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 581 elections for county councils, municipal borough councils, metro- politan borough councils, district councils, boards of guardians, parish councils, and any other bodies elected at the time of the passing of the Act by persons on the local government register of electors or on the register of parochial electors. Some points in which the new franchises differ from those hitherto in force may be mentioned: Woman suffrage. Women are for the first time admitted to the parliamentary franchise, and their rights to the local govern- ment franchise are considerably enlarged. Naval or military^ voters. A new class of electors is created, termed naval or military voters, whose qualifications, etc., are explained in the memorandum (Z). Period of qualification. The period of qualification for both the parliamentary franchise and the local government franchise is ishortened from twelve months to six months, and there will be normally two periods of qualification in each year, namely, the period of six months ending on the 15th of January and the period of six months ending on the 15th of July, including in each case the fifteenth day. In the case of naval or military voters and persons who have served as members of the naval or ^military or air forces of the Crown at any time during the,. six months of the qualifying period and have ceased to serve, the period of qualification is further shortened to one month. For the purposes of the preparation of the first register under the Act, the qualifying period will be the six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. Eating and payment of rates, etc. No condition as to the rating of qualifying premises or the payment of rates or assessed taxes is any longer imposed. Lodgers. The lodger franchise as such disappears for par- liamentary purposes, being superseded by the residence qualifica- tion. For the local government franchise, however, lodgers are recognised as tenants where they occupy rooms let to them in an unfurnished state. Receipt of poor relief, etc. -The disqualification for the par- liamentary and the local government franchise arising from the receipt of poor relief or other alms is removed. ORDER OF NAMES IN EEGISTER. The names in the register of a registration unit (m) in a parliamentary borough will be arranged in street order unless the Council whose Clerk is the Eegistration Officer considers, having regard to the general character of the area forming the unit that arrangement to be inapplicable (n). If the unit is in a parliamentary county the names will be arranged in alphabetical order unless the Council whose Clerk is the Eegistra- (?) See pp. 589596, infra, (m) See Rule 1, p. 339, suprc. () See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. 582 APPENDIX 1. tion Officer considers that arrangement in street order is possible and convenient ( w) . In many municipal boroughs and urban districts in a county, arrangement of the names in street order will no doubt be the most convenient method, and in some parliamentary boroughs there may be registration units where the names can only be arranged in alphabetical order. You should at once bring such cases to the notice of your Council, so that the necessary direc- tion may be given as early as practicable with a view to the electors lists being prepared with the names in the order con- sidered to be appropriate. EMPLOYMENT OF OVERSEERS. The Eegistration Officer may require the overseers of a parish to prepare on his behalf the electors lists for the parish or for any .registration unit forming part of the parish, and to make the necessary inquiries for the purpose and to publish the lists, (Schedule \, Rule 7) (o). In the case of many parishes, espe- cially those in parliamentary counties, the Registration Officer will probably find it convenient to require the overseers to make out the lists. Copies of a memorandum of instructions (p] are, enclosed which will be available for supply to the overseers, assistant overseers, and other persons employed in making out the electors lists, and can also be supplied to persons employed by the Registration Officer where he himself prepares the electors! lists. The instructions are intended as a general guide, and the Registration Officer will supplement them in such particulars as he may think desirable. He should particularly inform the persons preparing the lists of any case in which there is a departure from the general rule that the lists of a registration unit in a parliamentary borough are to be made out in street order and in a parliamentary county in alphabetical order (g). Any direction given to the overseers to prepare the lists should indicate that the .assistant overseer or rate collector or vestry clerk should be empk^ed. In this connection it will be borne in mind that an assistant overseer or other officer who, being in office at the time of the passing of the Act, suffers any direct pecuniary loss in consequence of the Act is entitled to claim compensation under Section 18 (/), in accordance with the applied provisions of Section 120 of the Local Government Act, 1888. The compensation will be payable as registration expenses undpr the Act. Whore the Registration Officer docs not call upon the overseers to prepare the lists, and the assistant over- seer or other officer who previously received remuneration for registration work is prepared to do the work, Mr. Hayes Fisher () See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. (<>} For Rule 7, see pp. 341342, *upr) are enclosed, and it will be observed that it is to apply only to the first two registers. The Council, if they think fit, may make to the Registration Officer an advance of such amount and on such conditions as (*) See Rule 7, pp. 341 342, supra. (t) See pp. 139, 140, supra. (t>) See pp. 140, 141, supra. (x) For this Scale, see pp. 610612, infra. APPENDIX I. they may approve (y} . Such an advance will generally be re- quired in order to meet current expenses such as remuneration of temporary clerks and canvassers, cost of stationery, postage, travelling expenses, etc. The Board cannot express any opinion as to the amount of the advance which will be needed, as this will depend on the circumstances of each case, but no advance will be necessary to cover the cost of printing the lists and registers under the contracts made by the Stationery Office or of the forms or other matter supplied by that Department under the arrangements subsequently described. In view of the great need for economy at the present time it is hoped that Eegistration Officers will endeavour to avoid any expenditure that is not strictly necessary, and in particular that they will as far as possible be able to arrange with the consent of their Council for the free use of their existing office accom- modation. Where, however, the hiring of additional offices is unavoidable the cost of these may be defrayed as part of .tho Registration Officer's out-of-pocket expenditure. As regards the accounts which should be kept of the regis- tration expenses, instructions (2) will be issued to Eegistration Officers by the Treasury. In the meantime each Eegistration Officer should keep complete and accurate records of the various items of expenditure with vouchers, and he should instruct the overseers to do so likewise if the electors lists are prepared by them. PRINTING ARRANGEMENTS. A most important item of expenditure in connection with the registration of the electors, half of which will be borne by the State, is the cost of printing the electors lists and registers, and the supply of various forms which will be provided by the Stationery Office, and the following arrangements have been made by the Stationery Office with the consent of the Treasury: The Stationery Office will supply direct to the Eegistration Officer such copies of prescribed forms as they require. Imme- diately Form A. () has been printed off, a supply, based on the approximate number of electors in each registration area, will be sent to the Eegistration Officer for distribution to the over- seers or other officers engaged in the work of preparing the lists. Copies of Form B. (6) and Form C. (c) prescribed by the Order in Council will be sent on demand, together with sheets for the purpose of entering therein the requisite particulars of persons entitled to be registered. It is essential that the greatest economy should be exercised in regard to use of paper, and the Board do not think that it should be necessary to furnish special books for the purpose of inquiries, especially if Forms A. are personally left and called (y) See sect. 15 (5), p. 141, supra. (z) These Instructions have not, up to the time of going to press been issued. (a) For this Form, see_pp. 556 560, supra. (*) For this Form, see pp. 560561, supra, (c} For this Form, see p. 561, supra. DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 585 for, when any necessary explanations can be given to assist persons in completing them. These forms filled up by house- holders, occupiers, etc., together with any particulars obtain- able from the rate books, will be the main source of information required in preparing the lists, and if a house to house service and collection of the returns is systematically made to ensure that all occupiers receive and fill up Form A. the Board would not anticipate any need for supplying books or stationery beyond what each officer should himself have available for the purpose. Small memorandum books or sheets in block form can, however, be supplied by the Stationery Office if desired. Copies of the memorandum of instructions to overseers (d), and of the memorandum as to franchises (e) will be obtainable from the Stationery Office 011 demand indicating the quantities re- quired. In addition to prescribed forms, it is contemplated that the .Stationery Office will supply forms for various purposes required by Registration Officers. A list of the forms to be supplied will be sent to each Registration Officer in due course. As regards the printing of the electors lists and register, it is the intention that these will not be printed independently, but that in every case the type used for printing the lists should stand, and at a later stage be used for printing the register. The Stationery Office will enter into the contracts with the local printers on behalf of the Registration Officer, who will in this respect be in the same position as a Government Depart- ment whose printing is done through the Stationery Office. The period of the contract is proposed to be from the date of accep- tance until the completion of the first of the half-yearly registers made in the year 1920, and in the discretion of the Controller of the Stationery Office the period may be extended up to the completion of the first register of 1922. Forms of contract will be prepared by the Stationery Office and supplied to the Registration Officer, and on receipt of these the Registration Officer should at once take steps to publish as widely as possible, by advertisement or otherwise, that tenders may be made to him for the printing of the lists and registers. When the tenders are received they should be forwarded to the Stationery Office by the Registration Officer with any observa- tions he wishes to make as to the merits of the tenders. In forwarding the tenders the Registration Officer should inform the Stationery Office of the number of copies estimated to be required of the lists and register respectively, the number being kept as low as practicable. In fixing the number of copies of the register it would, of course, be considered whether, in view of the use of the several divisions for parliamentary and local government elections, as the case may be, a greater number of copies will be required by Division I. ( qualification a man (a) Must, on the last day of the qualifying period,* be occupy- ing business premises in the constituency, and (b) Must, during the whole of the qualifying period,* have occupied business premises in the constituency {n}, sub- ject, however, to the provisions in regard to the suc- cessive occupation of premises hereinafter mentioned, (See para. 17.) 5. The expression business premises means land or other pre- mises of the yearly value of not less than 10, occupied for the purpose of the business, profession, or trade of the person to be registered (o). PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (WOMEN). 6. A woman is entitled to be registered as a parliaments^- elector if she is a British subject, and has attained the age of 30 years and is not subject to any legal incapacity and has the. requisite qualification (p}. 7. In order to have the requisite qualification, which is based * N.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. (i) See sect. 41 (8), p. 307, supra^ and pp. 49 54, 70, supra. (Jc) See sect. 1, pp. 1 3, supra. (T) See pp. 924, supra. (m) See sect. 41 (5), p. 306, supra. (n) See pp. 2437, supra. (o) See pp. 2836, supra. (p) See sect. 4 (1), p. 63, supra. MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISES. 591 on such occupation in a constituency of land or premises aa confers the local government franchise, the woman or (if she is married and is not herself the occupying owner or tenant) her husband : (a) Must on the last day of the qualifying period* be occupy- ing as owner or tenant land or premises (other than a dwelling house) of a yearly value of not less than 5, or a dwelling house, and (b) Must during the whole of the qualifying period* have- so occupied land or premises (other than a dwelling house) of the yearly value of not less than 5, or a dwelling house (g). 8. For the purposes of this franchise the following points should be noted: (i) A dwelling house may be part of a house if such part is occupied .separately as a dwelling house (r). (ii) A lodger is not to be considered as a tenant unless the lodging is let to her or him in an unfurnished state (s). (iii) A person who inhabits a dwelling house, as above defined, by virtue of any office, service, or employment is, if the dwelling house is not inhabited by the person in whose service she or he is in such office, service or employ- ment, deemed to occupy the dwelling house as a tenant . SPECIAL PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE FOR NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 9. A naval or military voter may be a man or a woman who is engaged in such service as hereinafter mentioned, and will be entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for any constituency for which he or she would have had the necessary qualification but for his or her service. A naval or military voter must be a British subject and must, if a man, at the com- mencement of his service have attained, or during his service- attain, the age of 19 years, and, if a woman, must have attained the age of 30 years, and in either case must not be subject to any legal incapacity (u), 10. In order to rank as a naval or military voter a person must (i) be serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, military, or air forces of the Crown, or (ii) be abroad or afloat in connection with any war in which His Majesty is engaged, and be: (a) in service of a naval or military character for * ET.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. (q) See pp. 6872, supra. (r) See sect. 41 (8), p. 307, titpra, and pp. 4954, 70, supra. (s) Seep. 69, supra. (t) See pp. 69, 4956, supra. (u) See sect. 5 (1) and (3), p. 7679, supra. 592 APPENDIX I. which payment is made out of moneys provided by Par- liament, or (where the person serving was at the com- mencement of his or her service resident in the United Kingdom) out of the public funds of any part of His Majesty's Dominions, or^in service as a merchant sea- man, pilot, or fishermanfincluding the master of a mer- chant ship or fishing boat and an apprentice on such a ship or boat, or (b) serving in any work of the British Bed Cross'. Society, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, or any body with a similar object, or (c) serving in any other work recognised by the Admiralty, Army Council, or Air Council, as work of national importance in connection with the war (a;). 11. The right of a naval or military voter to be registered as a parliamentary elector is to be in addition to any other right to be registered (y}. But a male naval or military voter is not to be entitled to be registered for a constituency in respect of an actual residence qualification in the constituency except on mak- ing a claim for the purpose, accompanied by a declaration in the prescribed form, that he has taken reasonable steps to pre- vent his being registered as a naval or military voter for any other constituency (z). 12. The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner that he or she would have had the necessary qualification in a constituency but for the service which entitled him or her to rank as a naval or military voter is to be sufficient for all purposes of such qualification, if there is no evidence to the contrary (a). LOCAL GOVERNMENT FBANCHISE. 13. A man or woman is entitled to be registered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area if he or she is a British subject of full age and not subject to any legal incapacity and has the requisite qualification (&). 14. In order to have the requisite qualification the man or woman: (a) must on the last day of the qualifying period* be occupy- ing as owner or tenant land or pTemises in the local government electoral area, and (b) must during the whole of the qualifying period* have so occupied land or premises in the local government elec- toral area (c), subject, however, to the provisions in * N.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. (x) See sect. 5 (3), and pp. 8285, supra. (y} See pp. 91, 92, supra. (z) See sect. 5 (1), and pp. 91 93, supra. (a] See sect. 5 (2), and pp. 8890, supra. (b) See as to men, sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, supra, anl as to women, sect 4 (3), pp. 64, 65, supra. (c} See as to men, pp. 43 62, supra, and as to women, p. 74, supra. MKMOKANiHJM AS TO FRANCHISE. 593 regard to the successive occupation of land or premises as hereinafter mentioned. (See paras. 18 and 19.) 15. A woman who has attained the age of 30 years, and is not subject to any legal incapacity, will be entitled to be registered as a local government elector where she is the wife of a man v/ho is entitled to be registered as a local government elector in respect of premises in which they both reside, imd for this purpose n naval or military voter who is registered in respect of a resi- dence qualification which he would h#ve had but for his service, is to be deemed to be resident in accordance with that qualifica- tion (d}. 16. The expression '* tenant '' includes a man or woman, who (a) himself or herself inhabits any dwelling-house, or part of a house occupied separately as a dwelling-house, by virtue of any office, service, or employment if the dwelling-house or the part so occupied separately is not inhabited by the person in whose service he or she is in such office, service, or employment (e], or (b) occupies a room or rooms as a lodger provided that such room or rooms are let to him or her in an unfurnished state (/). SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE on OCCUPATION. 17. Parliamentary Franchise. A man, though he may have resided in premises or occupied business premises, as the case may be, in the constituency for a part only of the qualifying poriod, as mentioned in paras. 2 and 4, will, nevertheless, be entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector if, throughout the remainder of the qualifying period, he resided in premises or occupied business premises, as the case may be, in another con- stituency within the same parliamentary borough or parliamen- tary count} 7 , or within a parliamentary borough or parliamentary county contiguous to that borough or county, or separated from that borough or county by water, not exceeding at the nearest, point fi miles in breadth, measured in the case of tidal water from low- water mark (r/). For the purpose of this provision the Administrative County of London is to be treated as a par- liamentary borough (h). 18. Local Government Franchise. A man or woman, though he or she may have occupied land or premises in the local govern- ment area, for a part only of the qualifying period, as mentioned in para. 14, will, nevertheless, where the local government area is not an administrative county or county borough, be entitled to be registered as a local government elector, if, throughout the re- (d) See sect. 4 (3) (ft), and pp. 75, 76, supra. (e) See pp. 49 56, supra. (/) See pp. 57 61, wpra. (V) See sect. 1 (2) (*), pp. 2, 3, and pp. 2324, supra. (A) See sect. 1 (2) (*}, p. 3, supra. F. 38 594 APPENDIX I. mainder of the qualifying period, he or she occupied land or premises in any administrative county or county borough in which the local government area is wholly or partly situate (t) . 19. In connection with the two preceding paragraphs it should be borne in mind that (i) A man is not entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for a constituency in respect of a residence quali- fication though he may have been residing in premises in the constituency on the last day of the qualifying period, if he commenced to reside in the constituency within thirty days before the end of the qualifying period, and ceased to reside within thirty days after the time when he so commenced to reside (&). (ii) A man or woman is not entitled to be registered as a local government elector for a local government electoral area though he or she may have been occupying land or premises in the area on the last day of the qualifying period, if he or she commenced to occupy the land or P'remises within thirty days before the -end of the qualify- ing period, and ceased to occupy the land or premises within thirty days after the commencement of the occupation (I). JOINT OCCUPATION. 20. Where land or premises are in the joint occupation of two or more persons, each of the joint occupiers is to be treated as occupying the premises, subject as follows: (a) In the case of the business premises qualification for the purpose of the parliamentary franchise the aggregate yearly value of the premises must be not less than the amount produced by multiplying ten pounds by the number of the joint occupiers (m) ; and (b) In the case of the occupation of land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) the aggregate yearly value thereof must for the purpose of the parliamentary fran- chise of women be not less than the amount produced by multiplying five pounds by the number of joint occupiers (ft); and (c) Not more than two joint occupiers are to be entitled to be registered in respect of the same land or premises, unless they are bond fide engaged as partners carrying on their profession, trade or business on the land or premises (o). (*) See pp. 61, 62, supra. (k) See sect. 7 (3), p. 99, supra, and pp. 10, 11, supra. 1} See sect. 7 (3), and p. 43, supra, (m} See sect. 7 (1), p. 98, and p. 37, supra. ') See sect. 7 (1), p. 98, and p. 69, supra. to) See sect. 1, pp. 13, sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, 56, 57, 59, sect. 4, pp. 63 65, 69, supra. MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISE. 505 INTEREUPTION OF EESIDENCE OB OCCUPATION. 21. Residence in a house or the occupation of a house by a person is not to be deemed to be interrupted by reason only of permission being given, by letting or otherwise, for the occu- pation of the house, as a furnished house, by some other person for part of the qualifying period not exceeding four months in the whole (p), or by reason only of notice to quit being served and possession being demanded by the landlord of the house (g r ); but the express enactment of this provision is not to affect in any way the general principles governing the interpretation of the expression " residence ' and cognate expressions (r) . PROVISIONS AS TO DISQUALIFICATIONS. 22. A person is no longer disqualified from being registered as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that he or some person for whose maintenance he is responsible has received poor relief or other alms (). 23. A conscientious objector who either (a) Has been exempted from all military service (including non-combatant service) on the ground of conscientious objection, or (b) Having been convicted by- a court martial of an offence against military law, and having represented that the offence was the result of conscientious objection to mili- tary service, has been awarded imprisonment or detention, is disqualified during the continuance of the war and a period of five years thereafter from being registered as a parliamentary or local government elector unless before the expiration of one year after the termination of the war he proves to the Central Tribunal as established for the purposes of the Military Service Act, 1916, and obtains from that Tribunal a certificate to the effect (i) That he has during the continuance of the war taken up and, so far as reasonably practicable, continued service which constitutes a person (other than a person serving on full pay as a member of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown) a naval or military voter, or (ii) That, having been exempted from military service on condition of doing work of national importance, he has done such work in accordance with the decision and to the satisfaction of the appropriate tribunal or authority, or (iii) That, having obtained an absolute exemption from mili- tary service without any such condition, he has (whether before or after the 6th February, 1918) been engaged (p) See pp. 1623, 27, 28, 45, 46, *npra. (q) See pp. 23, 28, 46, 46, supra. (r) See p. 11, supra. () See sect. 9 (1), pp. 112, 116, 117, supra. 38 (2) 590 APPENDIX I. in and, so far as reasonably practicable, continued some work of national importance (). 24. If a conscientious objector disqualified as above-mentioned would have been entitled to be registered as a parliamentary or local government elector but for that disqualification, the dis- qualification is not to extend so as to affect the right of his wife to be registered as a parliamentary or local government elector, as the case may be (w). 25. A man or woman is not entitled to be registered as a parlia- mentary or local government elector, if he or she is not a British subject, and nothing in the Act, except as expressly provided, is to confer on any person, whether a man or a woman, who is subject to any legal incapacity to be registered either as a parliamentary or local government elector, any right to be so registered (x). LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. March, 1918. (t) See sect. 9 (2), pp. 112114, 117121, *upra. w) See p. 121, supra. *) See sect. 9 (3), pp. 114, 115, 120, 121, ,/), which give examples as to the com- pilatiou pi the register, indicate how the several columns are to be filled. These instructions ax to entries in lists must be strictly ad- hered to. 5. NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. The general scheme for the registration of naval or military voters is explained in the appended memorandum (q). In the course of your enquiries you will obtain information as to the persons who appear to be entitled to registration as such voters. You should keep notes of such cases for*comparison with the cards which I shall send containing the statements (/) made by these persons as to their right to registration, and you will be thus enabled in most cases to place the names in the appropriate Division of the lists. The cards should be returned to me when dealt with. If any difficulty arises in a particular case you should report it to me for further investigation. 6. DEALING WITH MANUSCRIPT LISTS. If your Parish comprises more than one registration unit (s), ,you are to forward to me the lists for each registration unit as and when those lists are made up, without waiting for the com- pk'tion of the lists of the whole parish. The draft or a copy of the lists should be retained by you. The arrangements for printing the liwts will be made by me, and you will be informed whether the manuscript lists are to be sent to the printers direct, or through me, and also what work is to be done in the examination and correction of the proofs. . 7. PUBLICATION OF LISTS. When you receive the final prints of the electors lists relating to your parish, or to any registration unit forming part of the parish, you are to publish those lists () on my behalf in the parish or registration unit, as the case may be, on or before the loth June, 1918 (*), in the case of the first register, and on or before the 1st February () and the 1st August (#) in the case of registers in normal years. The mode of publication (y] 'will be by making copies available for inspection: (i) By depositing* a copy in the chief post office in the parish * This will be subject to direction by the Postmaster General. '/>) See pp. 603604, infra. //} See pp. 605609, infra. (V) See sect. 5 (2), p. 77, supra, and Forms set out on pp. 571 574, supra. s) See Rule 1, p. 339, supra, and paragraph 3, pp. 598599, supra. t] See Rules 6 and 7, pp. 341342, *upra. (It) See pp. 613614, infra. ; See Rule 6, p. 341, tttpra. (//) See Rule 31, pp. 350351, tup. 602 APPENDIX I. or registration unit to which the lists relate, or if such deposit cannot be made, (ii) By depositing a copy in some other convenient place in that parish or registration unit, and (iii) Exhibiting copies in such other manner as I may instruct you as is desirable for the purpose of bringing the lists to the notice of those interested. You are also to publish at the same time and in the same- manner the corrupt and illegal practices list '(a?) (if any) wTiich will be sent to you. The lists when published as above-mentioned must be kept so published for f and if you find any list to be destroyed, mutilated, defaced, or removed you are forthwith to place another copy in its place. 8. SUPPLY OF FORMS. You should be prepared to supply (zz) to any persons, who may require them, forms of claim to be registered (a) or to be regis- tered correctly (6) (as the case may be) in the electors lists and of notices of objection (c) to the registration of persons- whose names are included in the electors lists, or of persons whose names are included in the list of claimants (d), and I will supply you with such number of forms as may be necessary for this purpose. 9. FURTHER INFORMATION. It will be your further duty at any time to furnish me with any information required by me respecting any persons resident in or occupying land or premises in your parish or the removal of any person from the parish (e). You will keep and furnish to me a record of any cases which you discover in making up the lists of persons possessing dupli- cate qualifications which may necessitate my striking out the name, or placing a mark against the name, of any such persons in accordance with Rules 2 (/) and 23 (g) in the First Schedule to the Act. t The period during which the lists must be kept published will be- communicated to you in due course. (-) See Rule 8, p. 342, xupra. (zz) See Rule 32, p. 351, xupra. (a) For Forms, see pp. 562568, supra. (b) For Form, see p. 569, supra. (c) For Forms, see p. 570, wprti. (d) For Forms, see pp. 570 571, supra. e) See Rule 7, pp. 341342, supra. f) For this Rule, see pp. 339 340, supra. See pp. 347348, supra. INSTRUCTIONS TO OVERSEERS. TABLE I. (ALPHABETICAL OEDEE.) DIVISION I. Polling District D., Parish of Corting. (1) Num- ber. () Names in Full (surname first). (3) Kesidence or Property Occupied, and Abode of Non-Resident Occupier. (4) Nature of Qualification . . s- Brown, Arthur John . . Carter, Jessica . . . High Court Farm .... Rose Cottage, Burley R. 0. H.O. H.O. Carter. William Lane. Do. N.M. 0. Green, Samuel Shop, Church Road. B.P. O. Matthews Mabel (Abode 34, Duke Street, Exeter.) Stone House O. O. Smith, Clarence John . . 3, Church Row R. 0. Smith, Elizabeth Do H.O. H.O DIVISION II. Polling District D., Parish of Corting. (1) Num- ber. (2) Names in Full (surname first). (3) Residence or Property Occupied , and Abode of Non-resident Occupier. (4) Nature of Qualification. Archer, Henry John . . Bell Inn R. Brown, James Arthur. Green, Florence Emily. High Court Farm Shop, Church Road. ( Abode 34, Duke Street, Exeter.) N.M. H.O. DIVISION III. Polling District D., Parish of Corting. (1) Num- ber. Names in Full (urname first) . (3) Residence or Property Occupied, and Abode of Non-resident Occupier. (4) Nature, of Qualification. Black, Violet Hester.. Orchid Villa O. Jones, Joshuti . Land Plough Lane. o (Abode 15, Dia- mond Terrace, 11- chester.) APPENDIX I. (1) Num- ber. TABLE II. (STEEET OEDEE.) DIVISION I. Polling District D., Parish of Carting. (2) Names in Full (surname first') . (3) (4) 1 Nature of 1 Qualification. Residence or Property Occupied, and Abode of Non-resident Occupier. Parlia- mentary. Local Govern- ment. QUEEN STREET continued. Matthews, Mabel 21 0. O. Greeu. Samuel '22. (Abode 34, Duke B.P. O. Street, Exeter.) Carter, Jessica 23 ! H.O. H.O. Carter, William 23 N.M. ! O. Smith, Clarence John. 24 ..... R. O. Smith, Elizabeth 24 H.O. H.O. Brown, Arthur John . . - 25 j E. O. DIVISION II. Polliny District D., Parish of Carting. (1) (2). (3) (4) Residence or Property Num- Names in Full Occupied, and Nature of ber. (surname first). Abode of Non-resident Qualification. Occupier. QUEEN STREET continued. Green, Florence Emily 22. (Abode 34, Duke ! H.O. Street, Exeter.) Brown, James Arthur. 25 . N.M. Archer, Henry John. . Bell lun R. DIVISION III. Polling District D., Parish of Carting. 0) (2) Nuin- Names in Full ber. (surname first) . 1 (3) Residence or Property Occupied, and Abode of Non-resident Occupier. (4) Nature of Qualification. QUEEN STREET continued. Jones, Joshua 22, Stables. (Abode O. 15, Diamond Ter- j race, Ilehester.) Black, Violet Hester.. 26 ! O. MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL OK MILITARY VOTERS. 605 NAVAL OB MILITARY VOTEKS (h). Section 5 (i) of the Act confers an entirely new electoral qualification for persons described, therein as " naval or mili- tary voters." These comprise the following classes:- 1. Persons serving at home or abroad on full pay as members of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown. 2. The following persons serving abroad or afloat in connection with the war: (a) Persons in service of a naval or military character for which payment is made out of moneys provided by Par- liament or (where they were at the commencement of their service resident in the United Kingdom) out of the public funds of any of the Dominions. (b) Persons in service as merchant seamen, pilots, or fisher- men, including masters and apprentices. (c) Persons serving in any work of the British Red Cross Society or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, or any other body with a similar object.* (d) Persons serving in any other work recognised by the Admiralty, Army Council or Air Council as work of national importance in connection with the war.* Males in each of the foregoing classes are entitled to be registered if they have attained 19 years of age, and females if they have attained 30 years of age, on the last day of the qualifying period, which in the case of the first register is the 15th April, 1918. These naval or military voters are entitled to be registered as parliamentary voters for any constituency for which they would have had the necessary qualification but for the service which under the Act entitled them to be registered as naval or military voters. The section provides (&) that the statement of any person made- in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner that he would have had the necessary qualification in any con- stituency but for the service which brings him within the pro- visions of the section, shall for all purposes of the section bo sufficient if there is no evidence to the contrary. An Order in Council has been issued prescribing the form (I) in which these statements are to be made and verified, and arrangements have been made with the Admiralty, the Army Council and the Air Council, for the collection, so far as is pos- sible, from naval or military voters- of information respecting 1 any qualification which they would have had but for their ser- * See List on pages 608 and 635 of Bodies with a similar object to those mentioned in para, ( Order of St. John of Jeru- First Aid Nursing Yeomanry salcm in England, working for the British. 83, Pall Mall, Friends' Ambulance Unit. / London, S.W.I. St. Andrew's Ambulance The Secretary, Association. 176, West Regent Street, Glasgow. Other Red Cross organisations, such as the Australian, Canadian, South African, American, French, Italian and Serbian Red Cross Societies are included under the Paragraph. LIST, WITH ADDRESSES FOR COMMUNICATIONS, OF BODIES, SERVICE WITH WHOM HAS BEEN RECOGNISED (a?) UNDER PARA- GRAPH 2 (d). Young Men's Christian Asso- National Headquarters, ciation. Tottenham Court Road, London, W. 1. Salvation Army . . . Salvation Army Headquarters, 101, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. 4. Church Army . . . Hon. Secretary, 55, Bryanston Street, London, W. 1. Scottish Churches Huts . 22, Queen Street, Edinburgh. Catholic Women's League . \ UQ> ^^ ^^ Catholic Olub Huts . . ) London, S.W. 1. (*) See sect. 5 (1), pp. 76, 77, and pp. 90, 91, (t) See sect. 6, p. 94, and pp. 96, 97, sitpra. (M) For this Form, see p. 569, wpra. (.r) See p. 637, infra. MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 609 United Navy and Army Board. Soldiers' Christian Associa- tion. The Colonial and Continental Church Society. Navy and Army Canteen Board. Wesleyan Army and Navy Board. 4, Southampton Row, London, W.C.I. 296, Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, S.W. 1. 9, Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, London, E.C. 4. The Naval Secretary, Navy and Army Canteen "Board, Imperial Court, Knightsbridge, London, S.W. 3. Rev. J. H. Bateson, Secretary, Wesle}^an Army and Navy Board, Central Buildings, Westminster, London, S.W. 1. F. 39 APPENDIX I. No. 5. SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES a. E. P. 8. IN PURSUANCE OF THE POWERS CONFERRED BY SECTION 15 OF THE EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918, WE BEING Two OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF His MAJESTY'S TREASURY HAVE FRAMED THE FOLLOWING SCALES OF EEGISTRATION EXPENSES FOB ENGLAND AND WALES. THESE SCALES WILL BE APPLICABLE ONLY TO THE FIRST AND SECOND EEGISTERS PREPARED UNDER THE Ad. I. First Register. ' s. d. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. (a) Registration Officer's Fee. (To cover payments to Deputies and Clerks.) For the first 25,000 electors in the Registration Area 250 For each additional 1,000 electors up to 100,000 700 For each additional 1,000 electors be- yond 100,000 600 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses in respect of the remuneration of Assistant Overseers and other persons, similarly em- ployed. In a parish where the number of elec- tors (i) does not exceed 250 for every elootor (ii) exceeds 250 but does not exceed 1,000 for every 100 electors exceeds 1,000 for every 100 electors ........................... Provided that the minimum expenditure which may be in- curred under any item of this scale shall not be less than the maximum under the preced- ing item. of with a. raiiiimum of 1. 1 13 4 Second Register. s. d. >0 700 6 004 with a minimum 15*. 1 5 16 8 n \ SPC sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra, SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 611 First Second Register. Register. s. d. s. d. 2. PARLIAMENTARY BOEOUGHS OUTSIDE LONDON. (a) Registration Officer's Fees. (To cover fees to Deputies and Clerks, the personal fee of the Registration Officer and of any deputy or deputies appointed by him not to exceed in the aggre- gate an amount calculated at the rate of 2 10s. -for every 1,000 electors.) For the first 25,000 electors in the Registration area 175 175 For each additional 1,000 electors ... 400 400 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses in respect of the ^remuneration of Assistant Overseers and other persons similarly em- ployed. For every 100 electors in the parish... 126 16 8 3 . PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS IN LONDON. (a) Registration Officer's Fee. (To cover Fees to Deputy Regis- tration Officers). For every 1,000 electors in the Regis- tration area 2 10 2 10 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses in respect of the remuneration of Clerks, Canvassers, &c. For every 100 electors in the Regis- tration area 1 11 130 NOTES. Where the payment is for every 1,000 electors or 100 electors as the case may be, the payment for any number in excess of a complete 1,000 or 100 should be calculated pro- portionately. The number of electors means in the case of the Registration Officer's Fee the number registered in the Registration Area, in the ca.-e of the remuneration of Assistant Overseers and other persons similarly employed the number in the civil parish, and in the case of the remuneration of clerks, canvassers, &c., in London the number in the Registration Area. II. PRINTING, &c. EXPENDITURE. (1) Where the printing is carried out under arrangements made by His Majesty's Stationery Office such amount as may be certified by that Department to be the expenditure incurred in connection therewith. S9 (2) 612 APPENDIX I. (2) Printing carried out directly by the Registration Officer and other Out of Pocket Expenditure. The actual expenditure supported as far as possible by vouchers and certified by a statutory declaration by the Registration Officer to the effect that it was necessarily and properly incurred. First class railway expenses and subsistence allowance at the rate of 1 a night when the Registration Officer or his Deputy are neces- sarily absent from their homes on account of their registration duties will be allowed. (Sd.) J. W. PRATT. (Sd.) J. TOWYN JONES. TREASURY CHAMBERS, WHITEHALL, S.W., 1th March, 1918. ORDER IN COUNCIL. 613 No. 6. OEDEE IN COUNCIL UNDEE SECTION 46 (2) (x) OF THE EEPEESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918, FIXING THE DATES ON WHICH THE FIRST EEGISTER SHALL COME INTO FORCE, AND UNTIL WHICH IT SHALL REMAIN IN FORCE, AND ALTERING IN CONNECTION THEREWITH THE EEGISTRA- TION AND QUALIFYING PERIOD DATES SPECIFIED IN THE ACT. [N.B. For alterations to this Order, see Order in Council of. June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, infra, and Fifth Schedule, p. 152, infra.~\ R. P. 3. At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of March, 1918. PRESENT, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. Whereas under s. 46 (2) of the Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918 (herein-after referred to as " the Act "), provision is made as follows: " Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the first register to be prepared under this Act shall come into force on, and remain in force until, such date as His Majesty may fix by Order in Council, and His Majesty may by any such Order alter, in connection with the first register, any registration dates, including the dates governing the qualifying period, and direct that this Act shall have effect as so altered." Xow, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: The first register to be prepared under the Act shall come into force on the first day of October, 1918, and shall remain in force (unless otherwise ordered) until the fifteenth day of March, 1919, and in connection with the first register to be so prepared the registration dates and the dates governing the qualifying period shall, instead of the dates specified in the Act, be the dates specified in the third column of the Schedule to this Order. ALMEEIC FixzEov. (#) See p. 336, xupra. 614 APPENDIX I. Schedule. ^REGISTRATION DATES, &c. Sub j ect-matter . Date specified in Act. Substituted date. 15th Jan. July 15th April Publication of lists 1st Feb. Aug. 15th June Last day for objections to electors 15th Feb. Aug. 29th June lists 18th Feb. Aug. 5th July Last day for claims as absent voters. 18th Feb. Aug. 5th July Publication of list of objections to 2lst Feb. Aug. 8th July electors lists. Publication of list of claimants .... 24th Feb. Aug. 13th July Last day for objections to claimants. Publication of list of objections to 7th Mar. 4th Sept. 7th Mar. 4th Sept. 26th July 26th July claimants (as soon as practicable after. Publication and coming into force 15th April Oct. 1st October of register. [N.B. Most of these dates have been altered by Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918. See rule 6, p. 749, infra, and Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra.'] REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918. 615 No. 7. THE REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918, MADE IN PURSUANCE OF S. 12 (2) (x}. To THE COUNTY COUNCILS of the several Administrative Counties named in Column 2 of Schedule A. to this Order; To the Clerks to the said County Councils; To the Councils of the several Municipal Boroughs named in Column 2 of Schedule B. to this Order; To the Town Clerks of the said Municipal Boroughs; And to all others whom it may concern. WHEEEAS by sub-section (2) of Section 12 (a?) of the Repre- sentation of the People Act, 1918, it is provided that where the registration area is a parliamentary county and is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one administrative county, the clerk of the county council, and where the registration area is a parlia- mentary borough and is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one municipal borough, the town clerk of the borough, shall be the registration officer for the area, and that in any other case such clerk of the county council, or town clerk, shall be registra- tion officer for the area as the Local Government Board may by Order direct, subject to any conditions which may be made by the Order as to the appointment of deputies for any part of the area; And whereas each of the Parliamentary Counties named in Column 1 of Schedule A. to this Order is a registration area which is jnot coterminous with or wholly contained in one adminis- trative county, and each of the Parliamentary Boroughs named in Column 1 of Schedule B. to this Order is a registration area which is not coterminous with or wholly contained in one municipal borough: Now THEEEFOEE, in pursuance of Our powers in that behalf, We, the Local Government Board, by this Our Order Direct as follows: AETICLE I. In the case of each of the Registration Areas named in the first column of the Schedules A. and B. to this Order the person for the time being holding the office of Clerk of the County Council, or Town Clerk, as the case may be, specified in the second column of those Schedules opposite to the name of the Registration Area shall, until We by Order otherwise direct, be the Registration Officer. AETICLE II. This Order may be cited as " the Registration Officers Order, 1918." (x) See pp. 130131, supra. APPENDIX I. SCHEDULE A. Name of Parliamentary County. Registration Officer. Chester Clerk of the County Council of Chester. Cornwall Kent Parts of Kesteven and Rutland. Northampton with the I Soke of Peterborough. Stafford East Sussex Brecon and Radnor .... Cornwall. Kent, the Parts of Kesteven. Northampton. Stafford. East Sussex. Brecon . REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918. 617 SCHEDULE B. Name of Parliamentary Borough. 1 Registration Officer. Aucriugton Town Clerk of the Borough of Accrington. Ashton-under-Lyne. . . . I ,, ,, ,, ,, Ashton-under- Lyne. Barnsley ,, ,, ,, ,, Barnsley. Batley and Morley .... ,, ,, ,, ,, Batley." Blackpool ! ,, ,, ,, ,, Blackpool. Brighton i ,, ,, ,, , Brightpn. Bromley ,, ,, , Bromliy. Bury | ,, ,, ,, , Bury. Cheltenham j ,, ,, , Cheltenham. Dudley ! ,, ,, ,, , Dudley. Eccles , , , , , , Eccles. Exeter , , , , , , Exeter. Grrimsby ,, ,, , , Grimsby. The Hartlepools ,, , , West Hartlepool. Hythe ,, , , , Folkestone. Kingston-upon-Thames. ,, ,, , ,, Kingston- upon - Thames. Leigh ,, ,, ,, Leigh. Lincoln ,, ,, ,, ,, Lincoln. Morpeth ,, . , ,, ,, Morpeth. Nelson and Colne ,, ,, ,, ,, Nelson. Newcastle- under -Ly me. ,, ,, ,, ,, Newcastle-under Lyrae. Preston ,, ,, ,, ,, Preston. Richmond ,, ,, ,, ., Richmond. Rochester ,, ,, ,, ,, Chatham. Rossendale j ,, ,, ,, ,, Rawten stall. Rotherham ,, ,, ,, ,, Rotherham. Southampton ,, ,, ,, ,, Southampton. Stockton -on -Tees ,, ,, ,, ,, Stoekton-on-Tees. Sunderland j ,, ,, ,, Sunderland. Wallsend | ,, Wallsend. Wednesbury ,, ,, ,, ., Wednesbtiry. Wimbledon ,, ,, ,, ,, Wimbledon. Wolverharapton ,, ,, ,, ,, Wolverhampton. York ,, York. Cardiff , , ,, . , ,, Cardiff. Carnarvon District of ,, ,, ,, ,, Carnarvon. Boroughs. Merthyr Tydfil , , , . Merthyr Tydfil . Given under the Seal of Office of the Local Government Board, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year One thousand nine hundred and eighteen. W. HAYES FISHER, President, H. C. MONRO, Secretary. 618 APPENDIX I. No. 8. CIRCULAE LETTER (a) FROM LOCAL GOVERN- MENT BOARD TO REGISTRATION OFFI- CERS AS TO POLLING DISTRICTS AND POLLING PLACES. K. P. 1. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, Whitehall, S.W. 1, 16th February, 1918. SIR, I am directed by the President of the Local Government Board to state that the Representation of the People Act, 1918, which received the Boyal Assent on the 6th instant, makes special provision, in substitution for enactments previously in force, in regard to the division of parliamentary constituencies into polling districts and the appointment of polling places. Sections 31 and 39 are as follows: Section 31. (1) It shall be the duty of the council, whose clerk is the registration officer for any constituency or by whom the registration officer is appointed, as occasion requires, to divide the constituency into polling districts, and to appoint polling places for the polling districts in such manner as to give to all electors in the constituency such reasonable facilities for voting as are practicable in the circumstances : Provided that, before dividing any constituency in the administrative County of London into polling districts, the authority therefor shall send a draft of any scheme for that purpose to the London County Council, and shall take into consideration any representations made to them by that Council. (2) If a local authority, or not less than thirty electors in a constituency, make a representation to the Local Government Board that the polling districts or polling places do not meet the reasonable requirements of the electors in the con- ytituency, or any body of electors, the Local Government Board shall consider the representation, and may, if they think fit, direct the council whose duty it is to divide the constituency into polling districts to make such alterations as the Board think necessary in the circumstances, and if the council fail to make those alterations within a month after the direction is given may themselves make the alterations, and any alterations so made shall have effect as if they had been made by the council. (a) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra ; also p. 134. INSTRUCTIONS POLLING DISTRICTS AND PLACES. 619 In this provision the expression " local authority " means as respects any constituency the council of any county, borough, urban or rural district, or parish wholly or partly situate in the constituency, or the parish meeting of any parish so situate where there is no parish council. (3) On the exercise of any powers given by this section the council by whom the powers are exercised shall send to the Local Government Board a report and publish in the constituency a notice showing the boundaries of any polling districts or the situation of any polling places constituted as a result of the exercise of the power. (4) An election shall not be questioned by reason of any non-compliance with the provisions of this section or any informality relative to polling districts or polling places. (5) This section shall not apply to University con- stituencies. (6) Nothing in this section shall affect any polling districts or polling places constituted before the passing of this Act until occasion arises for the exercise of the powers given by this section. Section 39. The council having power to divide a con- stituency into polling districts shall, not later than one month after the passing of this Act, take into consideration the division of the constituency into polling districts, a!hd make any re-arrangements of those districts and of polling places which it appears necessary to make as a consequence of alterations effected by this Act. It will be observed that under Section 39 the Council are to review the polling districts within a month from the 6th instant, and Mr. Hayes Fisher requests you to be good enough to bring the matter at once to the notice of the Council. It is of importance that any alterations in the polling districts should be made at the earliest date practicable, as the electors' lists must be prepared so as to conform with the polling districts. I am to add for your information that the Board, in consulta- tion with the Treasury and the Stationery Office, have under con- sideration the general arrangements to be adopted throughout the country in regard to the printing of the lists and registers, and the supply of copies of forms required in connection with the preparation of the lists. As soon as the necessary Orders in Council prescribing the qualifying period and registration dates for the purposes of the first register, and the forms to be used, have been issued, a further communication with respect to these and the other matters above referred to will be sent to you. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, H. C. MONRO, Secretary. The Eegistration Officer of the Parliamentary County or Borough. 620 APPENDIX I. No. 9. CIRCULAR LETTER (a) FEOM LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD TO REGIS- TRATION OFFICERS. R. P. 10. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, Whitehall, S.W.I. 6th April, 1918. SIR, I am directed by the President of the Local Government Board to request that you will be good enough to bring before your Council the accompanying copy of the circular letter dated the 20th ultimo addressed to you in your capacity as Registra- tion Officer of the Parliamentary County or Borough on the subject of the procedure in relation to the registration of electors under tjie Representation of the People Act, 1918. EXPENSES. Ari the Council are responsible for the payment of registration expenses, subject to contributions by other Councils in certain cases, Mr. Hayes Fisher desires that the attention of the Council should be directed in particular to the paragraphs in the circular relating to such expenses. A copy of the scale of expenses framed by the Treasury should also be laid before the Council. In connection with this matter, it will be borne in mind that the expenses in the case of a county are to be paid out of the county fund, and if necessary as expenses for special county purposes, in the case of a borough out of the borough fund or rate or, if there is no borough fund or rate, out of the fund or rate out of .which the ordinary expenses of the council are paid, in the case of an urban district out of the general district rate, and in the case of a metropolitan borough as general expenses. The Council are empowered on the request of the Registra- tion Officer to make to him, in respect of his expenses, advances of such amount and subject to such conditions as the Council may approve. The attention of the Council should also be drawn to the last paragraph but one on page 5 of the circular with regard to the suggested arrangement, with the consent of the Council, for the use of existing office accommodation. Mr. Fisher lias no doubt that, in view of the great need for economy, the Council will be willing to do all in their power to facilitate such an arrangement. (a) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra; also p. 134. DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. ORDER OF NAMES IN EEGISTER. A^ stated in the circular letter, the names in the register of a registration unit in a parliamentary borough will be arranged in street order, unless the Council whose Clerk is the Registration Officer considers, having regard to the general character of the area forming the unit that this arrangement is inapplicable. If the unit is in a parliamentary county the names will be arranged in alphabetical order, unless the Council whose Clerk is the Kegistration Officer considers that arrangement in street order is possible and convenient. (Schedule I., Rule 4.) In many municipal boroughs and urban districts in a parlia- mentary county, arrangement of the names in street order will no doubt be the most convenient method, and in some parlia- mentary boroughs there may be registration units where the names can only be arranged in alphabetical order. Any direc- tion by the Council in cases of the kind should be given at the earliest possible moment, so that the electors lists may be prepared with the names in the appropriate order. VACANCY IN OFFICE OF EEGISTRATION OFFICER. In the event of any vacancy in the office of clerk of the county council or of town clerk or clerk to the urban district council it will rest with the chairman of the county council, the mayor, or the chairman of the urban district council, as the case may be, to appoint a person temporarily to perform the duties of the Registration Officer. POLLING DISTRICTS AND POLLING PLACES. The circular letter addressed to Eegistration Officers on the 16th February drew attention to the provisions of Sections 31 and 39 of the Act relative to the division of constituencies into polling districts and the appointment of polling places. In those cases where any rearrangement of polling districts or polling places has become necessary as a consequence of the alterations of the areas of constituencies, the Board will be glad to receive as soon as possible a report as to the boundaries of the polling districts and the situation of the polling places, in accor- dance with Section 31 (3) of the Act, if such a report or a copy of the order or direction of the Council has not already been transmitted. In cases where no alteration of the polling districts or of the polling places in a constituency has been found to be necessary, the Board would be obliged by being furnished if practicable with a copy of the order or direction of the local authority, made or given before the passing of the Act, fixing the present polling districts and polling places. In the cases of some parliamentary boroughs, difficulty is understood to have been experienced in regard to the appoint- ment of polling places in consequence of there being no building in the polling district which can be stated as available for the purposes of the poll. The Board are not prepared to say that a polling place should not in any circumstances be out- 622 APPENDIX I. side the polling district, but wherever a suitable building for the purpose is or can be made available within the polling district the polling place should be within the district. Generally they consider that any school or other building known to be available for the poll might be designated as the polling place. If there is 110 such school or other building it would seem to be sufficient to describe the appointed polling place as a suitable building in or as near as practicable to a particular street, or square, or other well-known place in the polling district. The number of polling stations to be provided at each polling place will be determined by the Eeturning Officer, in accordance with Rule 15 in the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872. In parliamentary counties, the Board themselves raise no objection to the continuance of the practice hitherto followed of designating the polling place by the name of the particular village or parish in which the polling place is situated, if it is not practicable to define the place more closely. The Board observe that in some instances where a town or other area has been divided into more than one polling district the name of the town or other area has been given as the polling place for each poll- ing district. It is not clear, therefore, where the polling place of any particular district is, in fact, situated. The Board con- sider that it is desirable in such a case to adopt a similar method to that mentioned in the preceding paragraph by distinguishing the polling place by reference to a building or some known place in the polling district. Having regard to Rule 26 in the First Schedule to the new Act, it is desirable that each polling district should be dis- tinguished by a separate letter. There is another point to which reference may be made. In parliamentary boroughs which existed before the /new Act, the polling place or booth was fixed by the Returning Officer, for the purposes of the particular election at which the booth was required. The Board doubt whether the building or booth thus fixed by the Returning Officer can be regarded as a polling place constituted before the passing of the new Act within the meaning of Section 31 (6) of the Act. It is desirable, therefore, that polling places should be appointed in these cases although no alteration of the polling districts may have been made. So far as regards the publication of the boundaries of polling districts and the situation of polling places, in accordance with Section 31 (3), the Board think that this may be done by adver- tisement in the manner hitherto adopted under Section 34 of the Representation of the People Act, 1867, or by placards posted in the constituency, or otherwise in such manner as may be found most convenient for the purpose of bringing the matter to the notice of persons interested. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, H. C. MOXRO, Secretary. To the Clerk of the County Council or Town Clerk or Clerk to the Urban District Council. DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 623 No. 10. CIRCULAR LETTER (a) FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD TO REGIS- TRATION OFFICERS. E. P. 12. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, Whitehall, S.W.I. Wth April, 191$. SIR, I am directed by the Local Government Board to advert to the remarks in their circular letter of the 20th ultimo as to the inquiries to be made by Registration Officers for the purpose of ascertaining the names of persons entitled to be registered as electors. ACCESS TO FOOD REGISTERS. It has been represented that access to the information afforded by the Pood Registers under the control of Local Food Committees would be of considerable assistance to Registration Officers, more especially as disclosing the names of householders or heads of families by whom it is desired that statements in Form A. prescribed by the Order in Council should be made. The Board are informed by the Ministry of Food that the Food Con- troller raises no objection to the Executive Officers of the Local Food Committee and the Registration Officers making their own arrangements to assist one another. It will be understood, how- ever, that the information thus obtained by Registration Officers must be treated as strictly confidential and that in no circum- stances should such information be disclosed or be used other- wise than for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of the electors lists and register. NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. Another matter to which the Board desire to refer is the registration of naval or military voters. The special memo- randum R.P.7 appended to the Instructions to Overseers, of which copies accompanied the circular, indicated the arrange- ments wnich have been made for dealing with the cards containing the statements by naval or military voters as to their qualifications to be registered. The Board feel that under present conditions there may be considerable delay in the trans- mission of the cards of naval or military voters to the Registra- tion Officer and that in some cases there may be miscarriage of the cards. The Registration Officer will, of course, realise the ) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra; also p. 134. 624 APPENDIX I. importance of securing the registration of all naval or military voters entitled to be registered, and of obtaining in the case of persons serving in the Forces the necessary information as to regiment, ship, number, etc., which will be required for the purpose of addressing communications to these voters to enable them to record their votes as absent voters. The Record Offices, it is understood, would probably be unable to furnish these particulars in the absence of means of identifying the voters. It is therefore desirable that the overseers or other persons employed in making inquiries should take especial care to ensure that the particulars as to description of service, regiment, ship, number, etc., indicated in the heading to the 4th column of He turn No. 5 in Form A., are correctly filled in, and that any of these particulars otherwise obtained in the course of their inquiries are carefully recorded. In any cases where the particulars obtained in the course of the inquiries are found to differ from those contained in the card filled in by the voter, the Registration Officer should require the case to be reported to him, but the name of the voter should be included in tjie electors lists as well as in the separate list referred to below. The Board have under consideration the question of the form in which the Absent Voters List should be made out, and they will shortly address a communication to the Registra- tion Officer on the subject. In order to facilitate the preparation of this list and to ensure that the particulars above mentioned as to description of service, regiment, etc., of naval or military voters which are given in Form A., or otherwise obtained, may be available for the purposes of the record of addresses "to be kept by the Registration Officer, it may be of advantage that the overseers should, when making out the electors lists, make a separate list of naval or military voters containing in three columns (a) the names of the naval or military voter, surname first, (b) the qualifying premises and (c) the description of service, regiment, ship, number, rank, etc. The names in this separate list should be in the same order as they appear in the electors lists. Columns (a) and (b) will contain the same entries as those in columns (2) and (3) of the electors lists, whilst the particulars in column (c) will be those obtained from Form A., or otherwise. The separate list should be headed so as to show the name of the constituency and the polling district or registration unit. PEG VISION OF BALLOT BOXES, &c. It has been represented to the Board that, in view of the increased electorate and the requirement of the Act that at a general parliamentary election all polls shall be held on one day, the existing provision of ballot boxes and stamping instru- ments will be insufficient and that it will be necessary, having regard to present conditions, for early steps to be taken to make up the deficiency. H.M. Stationery Office are making arrange- ments for the supply of ballot boxes and stamping instruments where necessary and it is the view of the Treasury that Registra- tion Officers should not obtain these independently, and that, DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRA/riO.V OFFICERS. unless a definite contract has already been made, they should cancel any arrangements entered into for the purpose. In order to avoid unnecessary expense in new purchases the Registration Officer should ascertain at the earliest prac- ticable date the precise number of ballot boxes and stamping instruments which would be available, including those in the possession of any local authority in the registration area, for a general parliamentary election. In addition to ballot boxes and stamping instruments in the hands of local authorities which could be utilized, the Deputy Sheriff or other person who has ^conducted parliamentary elections in the past may have a number of these in his possession, and inquiry should be made of him as to this and whether they can be handed over to the Acting Returning Officer or otherwise made available for his use. When this information has been obtained the Eegistration Officer should at once forward to the Superintendent of Stores, H.M. Stationery Office, Westminster, London, S.W. 1, a state- ment showing (a) the number of ballot boxes, etc., available; (b) the additional number estimated to be required; and (c) the basis upon which the estimate is arrived at, e.g., the number of polling places in the registration area and of the polling stations at each such polling place. WORK RECOGNISED UNDER SECTION 5 (3) (ii) (c). The Board may add that the work of the Young Women's Christian Association (25 and 26, George Street, Hanover Square, London, W. 1) has been recognised (w) by the Admiralty, Army Council and Air Council under Section 5 (3) (ii) (c) of the new Act as work of national importance in connection with the war, so that persons serving abroad or afloat under the Associa- tion in connection with the war are entitled to be registered for any constituency for which they would have had the necessary qualification but for their service. The name and address of this Association should accordingly bo regarded as added to the list of bodies under paragraph 2 (c) on pages 5 and 6 (x] of the Memorandum as to Naval or Military Voters (II. P. 7). I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, H. C. MONRO, Secretary. To the Registration Officer. (if) See p. 635, infra. (x) See pp. 608, 609, *M/vr. V. 40 626 APPENDIX I. No. 11. CRDE1I IN' COUNCIL, DATED MARCH 22ND, 1918. [N.B. For alterations to this Order, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rules 6 and 10, p. 749, infra.'] WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1872, (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are to be prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as follows: " Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the first register to be prepared under this Act shall come into force on, and remain in force until, such date as His Majesty may fix by Order in Council, and His Majesty may by any such Order alter, in connection with the first register, any regis- tration dates, including the dates governing the qualify- ing period, and direct that this Act shall have effect as so altered" (s. 46 (2)) (a): " His Majesty may by Order in Council prescribe the forms to be used for registration purposes and any fees to be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules con- tained in the First Schedule to this Act for the purpose of carrying this Act into full effect " * * * (s. 13 (2)) (6): " The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner, that he would have had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for the service which brings him within the provisions of this section, shall for all purposes of this section be suffi- cient if there is no evidence to the contrary " (s. 5 (2)) (c). And whereas by two Orders in Council dated the 4th day of March, 1918 (d] (hereinafter referred to respectively as the "dates order" and the "forms order"), provision was made with respect to the dates applicable to the first register to be prepared under the Act, and the forms to be used for registra- tion purposes respectively: And whereas the forms order does not apply to Scotland and Ireland and it is necessary to prescribe forms for use in Scotland and Ireland respectively: And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication Act, 1893, both as to the matters for which provision has been already made by the dates order and the forms order, and as to the forms to be prescribed for Ireland under this order, and it is necessary on account of urgency that any order providing for Ihe matters dealt with by this order should come into operation forthwith: Now, THEREFORE, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the (a) See p. 336, supra. (b) See pp. 133, 134, supra. (e) See p. 77, supra. (d] See pp. 613, 614 and 655578 respectively. ORDER IN COUNCIL. advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 1. The dates affecting the first register to be prepared under the Act, including the registration dates and the dates govern- ing the qualifying period, shall, instead of the dates specified in the Act, be the dates specified in the third column of the Sche- dule (e) to the dates order, and in addition the date mentioned in Rule 17 of the First Schedule to the Act shall for the purposes of that register (instead of the 18th day of February [August]) be the 5th day of July(e). 2. The forms specified in the Schedule (g] to the forms order or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for England and Wales. 3. The forms specified in the Schedule to the forms order under Heading V. (h) (Forms of statement to be made under sec- tion 5 (2) of the Act), and HeacLing VII. (*) (Forms of notice eal) of appeal) or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they are expressed in that Schedule to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms not only for England and Wales but for the United Kingdom. 4. In particular- the forms of statement under Heading V. (h), in the Schedule to the forms order or forms to the like effect shall for the whole United Kingdom be deemed to be the pre- scribed forms of statement that a person would have had the necessary qualification but for the service which brings him within the provisions of section 5 of the Act, and shall be veri- fied by being countersigned by an officer or other person in the manner shown in the forms. 5. The forms specified in Part I. of the Schedule to this order or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for Scotland. 6. The forms specified in Part II. of the Schedule to this order or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for Ireland. 7. This order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in accordance with tho provisions of section. 2 of the Rules Publication Act, 1893. ALMEBIC FrrzRoY. SCHEDULE. [Forms for fr'otJnnd and It'eli. . See pp. 345, 346, <; t>;JO APPENDIX 1. DELIVERY OF CARDS. The Registration Officer should now be receiving the postcards containing the statements of naval or military voters. In order to facilitate the return to the proper Registration Officer of the completed cards which are to be distributed to the different classes of naval or military voters by the Admiralty, Army Council, Air Council, Board of Trade, Board of Agriculture and [Fisheries and the various Organisations whose work comes within section 5 of the Act, lists of place names indicating the parliamentary areas in which places are situate have been supplied to the Government Departments and the Organisations so that the officers verifying the statements of the voters might be able to insert in the address the name of the parliamentary county or borough. In general therefore the cards will bear the proper address and will be received [by the 'Registration Officer in the ordinary course of post. In some cases, however, loss of time may be occasioned through a card bearing only the name of the county or. the name of a town other than that in which the office of the Registration Officer is situated. The Postmaster-General has issued instructions which it is hoped will secure as far as practicable that such cards are delivered at the office of the Registration Officer of the parlia- mentary borough or parliamentary county to which the qualify- ing address relates. A certain number of cards may nevertheless reach a Registration Officer which do not relate to qualifying addresses within his registration area, e.g., a card may relate to an address in an adjacent parliamentary county or to a par- liamentary borough in the county. It is desirable therefore that immediately on the receipt of a card the Registration Officer should cause the qualifying address to be verified so as to ensure- that the address is in his area. If on examination he finds that the qualifying address relates to another registration area in England or Wales, it is requested that he will at once forward the card to the Registration Officer of that area if he is able to identify the area. If the information is insufficient for this purpose, the card should at once be sent to the Superintendent on Duty, Inland Section, Mount Pleasant, London, E.G. 1. If the qualifying address on the card shows that it relates to a constituency in Scotland, it should be forwarded to the General Register Office, Edinburgh, or if to a constituency in Ireland to the Superintendent on Duty, Sorting Office. Dublin. There may be special difficulty in regard to the cards relating to qualifying addresses in the case of the geographical counties of Yorkshire, Sussex, Lincolnshire and Suffolk which comprise two or more parliamentary counties. If the cards have been addressed to the Registration Officer, Yorkshire, Sussex, etc., the Post Office will be in doubt to which Registration Officer the cards should be sent. Arrangements have therefore been made for all cards thus addressed to be forwarded by the Post Office to one Registration Officer in each of these geographical counties who will distribute to the other Registration Officers in that county the cards relating DIRECTIONS TO REGLSTRAT1ON OFFICERS. 631 to their registration areas. The Registration Officer \vlio has undertaken the distribution in each of the counties is: 1. Yorkshire ... Registration Officer for the County of Yorks (West Biding), Wakefield. 2. Lincolnshire ... Registration Officer for the County of the Parts of Lindsey, Lincoln. 3. Sussex Registration Officer for the County of East Sussex, County Hall, Lewes. 4. Suffolk ... ... Registration Officer for the County of East Suffolk, Ipswich. The Registration Officer of any other parliamentary county or borough who receives a card relating to any one of the four counties mentioned and is unable .to identify the particular parlia- mentary county to which it relates might adopt the same course. Appended to this Circular is a list of the parliamentary counties comprising more than one administrative county and of the parliamentary boroughs containing more than one municipal borough or urban district, indicating the Registration Officer for each such parliamentary county or borough. The difficulty of securing the registration of naval or military voters is very greatly increased owing to the present war con- ditions, and much additional labour may be thrown on Regis- tration Officers. Mr. Hayes Fisher feels sure, however, that every Registration Officer will by reciprocal action as above suggested do what is possible to ensure that every card reaches its proper destination. TITLE PAGE FOR ELECTORS LISTS. Some inquiries have been made as to the form of a title page for the electors lists for each Registration Unit. It has not been thought necessary to prescribe a form for the purpose, and the Registration Officer will determine the precise particulars which the page should include. The Board consider, however, that in view of the need for economy there should be onlv one title page for the unit which will be prefixed to Division One of the electors lists. The Registration Officer will direct what references to areas in addition to the constituency, polling district (with its distinctive letter) and registration unit shall be given on the title page. The particulars indicating the contents of each of the three divisions of the electors lists and the abbreviations used in the fourth column relating to the nature of the qualifications which are prescribed with the Form of Register by Order in Council should also appear on the front or on the back of the title page. The description of the marks against tho names of electors should not appear on the title page for the electors lists, as marks will be placed, where necessary, by tho Registration Officer in the course of making up the register and the description can then be inserted. The Board do not think that it is necessary to include in the headings of any of the sheets in Division One or Divisions Two and Three any more com- APPENDIX I. prehensive particulars than arc indicated in the register sheets supplied by the Stationery Office for the purpose of entering up the electors lists. ABSENT VOTERS LIST. PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS, &c. The Board desire to add that the Absent Voters List will not bo published with the electors lists but is to be prepared by the Registration Officer subsequently to the publication of the electors lists. The separate list of naval or military voters suggested in the Circular of 10th April (/) is intended to facilitate the prepara- tion of the Absent Voters List and more particularly to secure that particulars as to the ship, regiment, number, etc., of the naval or military voters should be obtained so as to be entered in the record of the addresses of absent voters. A further circular will shortly be addressed to the Registration Officer as to the form of the Absent Voters List and as to the period for keeping documents published. The Board will also furnish for the use of Registration Officers a model form of notice as to the manner of and time for making claims and objections which under Rule 6 (gr) in Schedule I. of the Act is to bo published at the same time as the electors lists. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, H. C. MONRO, Secretary. To the Registration Officer. PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES CONTAINING MORE THAN ONE COUNTY. Parliamentary Counties contained in County. Parliamentary County. Cornwall . Parts of Kesteven Registration Officer. Cornwall, Isles of Scilly.. j Clerk of the County Council of Coruwall. Lincoln (Parts of Kent- (Lincolnshire) and even), Rutland. Rutland. Northampton, with [ Northampton, Scke of the Soke of Peter- i Peterborough. hi ) rough. Brecon and Raduor. . j Brecon, Radnor Clerk of the County Council of Parts of Kesteven . Clerk of the County Council of North- ampton. Clerk of the County Council of Brecon. (/) See pp. 023, 624, *pra. Iff} See p. 341, .supra. DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 633 PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS CONTAINING MORE THAN ONE BOROUGH OR URBAN DISTRICT. Pa vl ia men ta r y Borough. Boroughs or Urban District* contained in Parliamentary Borough. Registration Officer. Accrington Accrington Church Clay- Town Clerk Asliton-under-LyiKj. . Barnsley Batley and Morley . . Blackpool , ton-le-Moors, Owald- twistle, Rishton. Ash ton- under- Lyne, Hurst. Barnsley, Ardsley, Dar- ton, Monk Bretton. Batley, Morley, Osnett . . Blackpool Binpham with Accrington. Town Clerk, Ashton- uuder-Lyiie. Town Clerk, Barnsley. Town Clerk, Batley. Town Clerk, Brighton Norbreck, Lytham and St. Anne's-on-the Sea. Brighton, Hove Blackpool. Town Cierk, Broinley Bromlev, Beckenhain, Brighton. Town Clerk, Bury Peuge. Bury, Tottington Bromley. Town Clerk, Bury. 'Cheltenham Cheltenham Charlton Town Clerk, Eccles Kings. Eccles, Swinton and Peii- Cheltenham. Town Clerk, Eccles. 'Grirosby dlebury. Grimsbv Clee^horpes . . Town Clerk, The Hartlepools Hythe Wet Hartlepool, Hartlepool. Hythe, Folkestone, G-rimsby. Town Clerk, West Hartlepool. Town Clerk, Kingston- upon - Thames. Leigh Cheriton, Sandgate. Kingston - upon - Thames, Surbilon, Maidens and Combe. Leigh, Atherton, Tyldes- Folkestone. Town Clerk, Kingston -upon- Thanies. Town Clerk, Leigh, Lincoln ley-with-Shakerley. Lincoln, Bracebridge .... Lanes. Town Clerk, Lincoln. Morpeth Morpeth, Ashington, Bed- Town Clerk, Neluon and Colne . . ^Newcastle- under - Lyme. Preston lingtonshii-e, Blyth and some email adjacent areas. Colne, Neleou, Barrow- ford, Brierfield, Traw- den and some small adja- cent areas. Newcastle - under - Lyme, Audley, Wolstanton United. Morpeth. Town Clerk, Nelson. Town Clerk, New- castle-under-Lyme. Town Clerk, Preston. Richmond Richmond, Barries, Ham Town Clerk, Rich- Chatham, Grillingham, mond, Surrey. Town Clerk, Rochester. Chatham. 634 APPENDIX I. Parliamentary Borough. Boroughsor Urban Districts contained in Parliamentary Borough. Registration Officer. Rossendulf . . . Bacup, Hasliugden, Rn,\v- Town Clerk Rotherham tenstall. Rotherham, Grreasbrough, Rawtenstall. Town Clerk, Southampton . ... Rawmarsh Southampton. Itchen, Rotherham. Town Clerk, 8tocktou-on-Tees. . . . Sunderland . . Bitterne (parish of). Stockton-on-Tees, Thornaby - on- Tees. Sunderland, South wick- Southampton. Town Clerk, Stockton- on -Tees^ Town Clerk, Wall send on -Wear. Wallsend, Gosforth Sunderland. Town Clerk Wednesbury Longbenton, Weetslade, A\^ednesbury Darlaston, Wallsend. Town Cleik Wimbledon Tipton. TV^imbledou JVIertoii, Wednesbury. Town Clerk, Wolverhamptou .... Cardiff Morden. Wolverhampton, Bilston, Coseley, Heath Town (or Wednesfield Heath), Sedglev, Short Heath, Wednesfield, Willenhall. Cardiff, Penarth Wimbledon. Town Clerk, Wol verhampton... Town Clerk Cardiff. Carnarvon District of Boroughs. Merthyr Tydfil .... Bangor, Carnarvon, Con- way, Pwllheli, Criccieth, Llandudno, Llanfair- fechan, Penmaenniawr, Nevin (parish of). Merthyr Tydfil, Aberdare, Mountain Ash. Town Clerk, Carnarvon.. Town Clerk, Merthyr Tydfil. WORK RECOGNISED AS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE. No. 14. WOEK RECOGNISED BY THE ADMIRALTY, ARMY COUNCIL, AND AIR COUNCIL, AS WORK OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE IN CONNECTION WITH THE WAR IN PUR- SUANCE OF SECT. 5 (8) (n) (c) (h). ADMIRALTY. Navy and Army Canteen Board. Wesdeyan Army and Navy Board. Young Men's Christian Association. The Salvation Army. Young Women's Christian Association. ARMY COUNCIL. Young Men's Christian Association. Salvation Army. Church Army. Scottish Churches Huts. Catholic Women's League. Catholic Club Huts. United Navy and Army Board. Soldiers' Christian Association. The Colonial and Continental Church Society. Navy and Army Canteen Board. Wesley an Army and Navy Board. Young Women's Christian Association. AIR COUNCIL. All the bodies recognised by the Army Council. (A) See pp. 78. 80, .//>//. 636 APPENDIX II. APPENDIX II. COUNTY COURT RULES AND RULES OF SUPREME COURT AS TO APPEALS TO COURT or APPEAL FROM COUNTY COURTS. CONTENTS. PAGE 1. County Court Rules, Explanatory Memorandum 636 2. County Court Rules 638 3. County Court Rules, 1918 (No. 2) 662 4. Rules of Supreme Court as to Appeals (Registration Appeals Rule, 1918) 669 No. 1. COUNTY COURT RULES, DATED ISTH JUNE, 1918, AS TO APPEALS FROM REGISTRA- TION OFFICERS UNDER THE REPRE- SENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 (7 & 8 G-EO. 5, c. (54), SECT. 14 (Ii). EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM. These Rules have been framed under section 14, sub-s. 1 of the Representation of the People Act, 1918. Rule 2 defines the court to which an appeal shall lie, as provided by s. 14, sub-s. 1. Rule 3 provides who shall be respondents to an appeal. See Act, s. 14, sub-s. 1, and Sched. 1, Rule 29. Rules 4 and 5 provide for the information to be furnished by the registration officer to the court. See Act, Sched. 1, Rules 29 and 30. Rule 6 requires the appellant to send notice to the court re- questing the appeal to be entered for hearing, and to pay the prescribed fee. (A) See pp. 134137, supra. COUNTY COURT RULES. 637 Rule 7 provides for cases where appeals are sent to the wrong court. Rule 8 provides for the numbering of appeals, and for a record to be kept of such appeals. Eule 9 provides for the fixing of a time and place for the hearing of an appeal, and for the length of notice to the parties. Paragraph 3 applies to appeals in the present year. The work of the registration officers in framing the first register must necessarily be heavy, and it is uncertain when notices of appeal will reach the county courts; and it will be difficult for the judges to fix courts for the hearing of appeals without delay, unless special arrangements are made. Paragraph 3 therefore fixes for this year a period within which the appeals may be set down for hearing, so as to fit in with any arrangements which may be made altering the normal time for the closing of the courts during the vacation, and to provide for appeals being heard and decided in time for the register to be altered in accordance with the results before it is published. Paragraph 4 gives power to fix the hearing of appeals at courts other than those to which the appeals lie. Rule 10 provides for notice of hearing. Rule 11 provides for evidence on an appeal. In most cases the statement of the registration officer may be expected to be suffi- cient ; but as an appeal lies on question of fact, the rule provides that the parties may, by leave of the judge, give further evidence. Rule 12 provides for the appearance of parties. With regard to par. (1) (d), the parties may under the Act, Sched. 1,, Rule 39, appear by any person, which includes registration agents: and it is thought that where parties are not repre- sented by solicitors or counsel, it would facilitate the hearing of appeals if such agents were allowed to appear, and par. (1) (d) has been framed accordingly. Rules 13, 14 and 15 define the powers of the court on the hearing of appeals. Rule 16 requires the judge to take a note of any question of law raised, and to furnish copies. Rule 17 provides for costs: Paragraph 3 is taken from sect. 70 of the Registration Act of 1843. Rule 20 provides for the consolidation of appeals in cases decided on the same points of law, or rather for the selection of one case for hearing as a test case, as contemplated by the Act, Sched. 1, Rule 30. Rule 21 provides for service of notices, etc., and proof of service. Rule 22 provides for fees. Rule 23 provides that a person desiring to appeal from the county court to the Court of Appeal shall give notice to the county court of his intention to appeal, so as to enable the judge to consolidate appeals. 638 APPENDIX II. Rule 24 provides for the consolidation of appeals. The Rules of the Supreme Court giye power to the judge of the county eourt to order such consolidation. The rule is based on sect. 44 of the Registration Act of 1843. Rule 25 provides for cases in which a deputy or acting registra- tion officer deals with the register, and notice of appeal from his decision is given. Rule 20 provides for cases in which an assistant judge ap- pointed under sect. 14 of the Act hears appeals. Rule 27 provides forms for use on appeals. Rule 28 provides for cases of non-compliance with the Rules or departure from the prescribed forms. Rule 29 provides for the computation of time, and is based on the Act, Sched. 1, Rule 42, and the County Court Rules, Order LIV., Rules 17-19. No. 2. COUNTY COUET EULES, DATED 18-TH JUNE, 1918, AS TO APPEALS FEOM EEGISTEA- TION OFFICEES UNDEE THE EEPEE- SENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 (7 & 8 GEO. 5, c. 64), SECT. 14 (b). 1. Procedure on appeals under 7 & 8 Geo. 5, c. 64, s. 14.- The procedure on appeals to the county court from the decisions of registration officers under section fourteen of the Repre- sentation of the People Act, 1918 (in these Rules referred to as "the Act"), shall be governed by the following rules. 2. Court to which appeal shall lie.- (1) The court (c) to which an appeal shall lie shall be the court 'in the district of which the qualifying premises (as denned by this Rule) are situate, subject to paragraph 2 of Rule 7, and to the power of the judge to fix the place for the hearing of the appeal pursuant to Rule 9. (2) For the purposes of this Rule the expression " the qualify- ing premises " means the premises in respect of which the person whose right to be registered is in any way in question on the appeal is entered on the electors list or claims to be entitled to be registered; or where such person is so entered or claims to be entitled to be registered in respect of residence in or occupation of premises in succession, the premises last resided in or occupied during the qualifying period as defined by section six of the Act. (b) See pp. 134137, tupra. (c) See sect. 14 (1), p. 134, supra. COUNTY COURT RULES. 639 3. Respondent* to appeal. Where notice of appeal is given pursuant to Eule 29 (c) in the first Schedule to the Act, the party (if any) in whose favour the decision of the registration officer is given shall be the respondent; and the registration officer (c?) shall also be named as a respondent. 4. Notice of appeal and other documents to be sent by regis- tration officer to registrar. (1) On a notice of appeal being given to the registration officer pursuant to Eule 29 (c) in the first Schedule to the Act, he shall within seven days after the receipt of the notice forward the same by post to the registrar of the court to which the appeal lies, together in each case with (a) a copy of any claim or notice of objection sent to him in the matter; (b) a statement of the material facts which in his opinion have been established in the case; and (o) a statement of his decision upon the whole case and upon any special point which may be specified in the notice of appeal as a ground of appeal. (2) The registration officer shall also on request furnish to the court any further information which the court may require, and which he is able to furnish. 5. Where a number of appeals are based on similar grounds (Form 1). Where it appears to the registration officer that any notices of appeal given to him are based on similar grounds, he shall forward to the registrar a declaration to that effect, for the purpose of enabling the court, if it thinks fit, to consolidate the appeals, or to select one of such cases for hearing in the first instance as a test case (e). 6. Request by appellant for entry of appeal for hearing. A person desiring to appeal against the decision of a registration officer shall in addition to giving notice of appeal pursuant to Eule 29 in the first Schedule to me Act forward to the registrar of the court to which the appeal lies, within the time fixed by that rule, a copy of the notice of appeal, accompanied by a request to the court, according to the form in the Appendix, to enter the appeal (Form 2) for hearing and to fix a time and place for the hearing thereof, and shall state in such request an address to which notices and other documents are to be sent, and shall with such copy and request forward to the registrar the fee prescribed by these Eules. 7. Where notice of appeal or request forwarded to wrong ?-ourt. (1) If any notice of appeal or request for the entry of an appeal is forwarded to a court other than the court to which it should have been forwarded, the registrar shall within two days after the receipt thereof forward the same and any docu- ments and the fee relating to the matter to the registrar of the proper court, who shall proceed thereon as if such notice or (c) See p. 350, supra. (d) See sect. 14 (5), p. 136, tupra. (e) See First Schedule, rule 30, p. 350, supra. 640 APPENDIX II. request had been forwarded to him in the first instance; and the time within which the hearing is to be fixed shall be calcu- lated from the date on which such request is received by him. (2) If after an appeal has been entered for hearing and notice of the hearing has been given it appears that the notice of appeal and request for entry should have been forwarded to some other court, the judge may either (a) transfer the appeal to such other court, in which case it shall be dealt with as if the notice and request had been sent in the first instance to that court ; or (b) retain the appeal and deal with the same in the court in which it is entered, in which case the proceedings on the appeal shall be as valid as if it had been properly sent to that court. 8. Notices of appeal to be numbered consecutively, Notices of appeal with requests for the entry of the appeals for hearing received and retained by the registrar shall be numbered by him consecutively, and shall be entered in a register to be kept by the registrar according to the form in the Appendix (Form 13); and all subsequent notices and documents relating to any such appeal shall bear the same number. 9. Fixing time and place for hearing appeal. (1) On receipt of a request for the entry of an appeal for hearing the registrar shall enter the same accordingly, and shall communicate with the judge, who shall, as soon as conveniently may be, fix a time and place for the hearing of the appeal. (2) The time to be fixed shall be within twenty-one days from the day on which the request is received by the registrar, and shall be so fixed as to allow notice of the hearing to be given to the parties and the registration officer five clear days at least before the day so fixed. (3) Provided that in the year nineteen hundred and eighteen the time for the hearing of any appeal may be fixed for any day between the second and the twenty-first days of September, both inclusive, although the day so fixed may be more than twenty-one days from the day on which the request >f or the entry of the appeal is received by the registrar. The place of hearing shall be the place at which the court Provided that if the judge is satisfied that any appeal can be more conveniently heard at some other court of which he is the judge, or at some other place within or without the district of the court which is available for the purpose, he may order the hearing to take place at such other court or place. (5) Two courts for the hearing of appeals may be held on one day before the same judge. 10. Notice of hearing to parties and registration officer. On the time and place for the hearing being fixed, the registrar shall give notice thereof to the appellant and to the respondent (if any), and to the registration officer, according to the form in the Appendix. Provided that where the same person is appel- lant or respondent in a number of appeals fixed to be heard . (4) T is held: COUNTY COURT RULES. 641 on the same day it shall be sufficient to send one notice only to such person (Forms 3, 4, 5), with a schedule appended thereto of the appeals to which the notice relates: Provided also, that it shall be sufficient to send one notice only to the registration officer of a number of appeals fixed to be heard on the same day, with a schedule appended thereto of the appeals to which the notice relates. 11. Furnishing copies of documents sent by registration officer. (1) The registrar shall, on the application and at the cost of any party to an appeal, furnish him with a copy of any docu- ment, statement, or information forwarded by the registration officer to the registrar. (2) Documents to be received and used at hearing. Further evidence. The documents, statement, and information so for- warded shall be received and used on the hearing of the appeal, and shall be primd facie evidence of the facts stated therein; but any party to the appeal may, by leave of the judge, give such further evidence as he may be advised. (3) Oral evidence. Where further evidence is tendered, oral evidence only shall be admitted, unless by consent or otherwise ordered. (4) Admission of certain material as prima facie evidence. The judge may order that any material, whether strictly ad- missible in evidence or not, which in his opinion ought to be admitted as 'prima -facie evidence of any fact, shall be primd facie evidence of that fact, so as to throw the burden of proof on to the other party. (5) Sending back statement for restatement. If in the opinion of the judge the statement forwarded by the registration officer, and the other material before the court, are not sufficient to enable him to give judgment in law, he may remit the statement to the registration officer for restatement or further statement. 12. Appearance of parties. (1) Any party to an appeal may appear or act on the appeal in person; by any solicitor who would be entitled to appear for such party in an action in the county court; (c) by counsel; or (d) by any other person nominated by such party in writing signed by him to appear or act on his behalf and ap- proved by the judge; but not otherwise. Provided that the judge may allow any party to appear or act by a person not nominated in writing as required by paragraph (d), if he is satisfied that such person is in fact authorised to appear or act for such party, and that the failure to obtain a nomination in writing is due to mistake or other reasonable cause. F. 41 (a) ii (b)b 642 APPENDIX II. (2) No person (other than a solicitor) who appears or acts on behalf of any party to an appeal shall be entitled to have or re- cover any fee, reward or sum for so appearing or acting, other than such travelling expenses (if any) as may be allowed by the court: Provided that nothing in these rules contained shall affect the right of a solicitor to recover costs (subject to the limita- tion imposed by these rules) in respect of his employment of counsel. 13. Amendment of notice of appeal, &c. The judge may at any stage of the proceedings allow the amendment of the notice of appeal, or make any other order on such terms as he may think just, to ensure the determination on the merits of the real question in controversy between the parties. 14. Power to draw inferences of fact. The judge shall have power to draw all inferences of fact which might have been drawn by the registration officer, and to give any decision and make any order which ought to have been given or made by the registration officer, regard being had in particular to Eule 22 (df) in the first Schedule to the Act. 15. General powers. Subject to the special provisions of these rules, the court shall in relation to any appeal have all the powers attaching to the exercise of its ordinary jurisdiction, and the rules governing the practice of the court shall with the necessary modifications apply accordingly. 16. Note to le taken of question of law raised, etc., and copy furnished. At the hearing of an appeal the judge shall make a note of any question of law raised, and of the facts in evidence in relation thereto, and of his decision thereon, and of his de- cision on the (hearing of the appeal : and ire, where notice of appeal to the Court of Appeal has been given, shall, at the expense of any party to such appeal, furnish a copy of the note so taken to such party, and shall sign such copy, whether notice of appeal to the Court of Appeal has been given or not. 17. Costs. (1) The costs of and incidental to an appeal .shall be in the discretion of the judge. (2) The judge may either fix the amount of such costs, or allow them on such scale as he may direct, and in default of any such direction they shall be taxed under Column A. of the higher scale of costs in use in the County Courts : and an order directing pay- ment of any such costs shall be enforceable in the same manner as an order to the like effect made in an action. (3) A respondent to an appeal, other than the registration officer, shall not be liable or entitled to costs, unless he appears before the court in support of the decision of the registration officer. 18. Order on appeal. When the judge has given judgment on an appeal the registrar shall as soon as conveniently may be draw up. seal and file an order (Form 6) in accordance with the (rf) See p. 347, supra. COUNTY COURT RULES. 643 decision, specifying exactly every alteration or correction to be made in the electors lists or register pursuant to the order; and sealed copies of the order shall be sent to the registration officer and to each party to the appeal. 19. Where hearing to take place at another court. Where the hearing of an appeal is fixed to take place at another court, the registrar of the court to which notice of appeal is sent shall forthwith send notice to the registrar of such other court that the hearing has been ordered to take place there; and he shall in sufficient time before the hearing transmit the papers to the registrar of the court at which the hearing is to take place, who shall act at the hearing for the first-mentioned registrar, and shall after the hearing return the papers to him with a minute of the order made: and the order shall be drawn up, filed, sealed and proceeded on in the court to which the notice of appeal was originally sent in like manner as if the hearing had taken place there. 20. Consolidation of appeals to county court, or selection of one appeal for hearing as test case (Form 7). (1) Where it appears to the judge, from any declaration to that effect for- warded by the registration officer to the registrar, or otherwise, that any number of cases decided by the registration officer in which notices of appeal have been given to him and forwarded by him to the registrar, and requests for the entry of the appeals for hearing have been forwarded to the registrar, depend and have been decided by the registration officer on the same point or points of law, the judge may declare that such appeals ought to be consolidated, or that one appeal should be selected for hear- ing in the first instance as a test case; and thereupon the following provisions shall apply (e). (2) A time and place shall be fixed for the hearing of such appeals in accordance with Eule 9, but one only of such appeals shall be selected by the judge for hearing in the first instance as a test case; arid the registrar shall as soon as may be send to the parties to the selected appeal and all the other appeals, and to the registration officer, a notice according to the form in the Appen- dix (Form 8), informing such parties and the registration officer that it appears to the judge that the cases specified in the schedule appended to the notice depend and have been decided by the registration officer on the same point or points of law, and that the judge has directed that the selected appeal shall be heard in the first instance as a test case. The provisoes to .Rule 10 shall apply to notices sent under this Rule. (3) The notice shall further request the parties to the other appeals to give notice (Form 9) to the registrar and to the opposite parties and the registration officer, within three days from the date of the notice sent by the registrar, either that they consent to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal (f) See First Schedule, rule 30, p. 350, supra. 41 (2) 614 APPENDIX II. (without prejudice to their right to appeal to the Court of Appeal), or that ihe\ require the appeals to which they are parties to be heard. (4) Where the same person is appellant or respondent in a number of such appeals, it shall be sufficient for him to send separate notices (Form 10) to the respondents or appellants (other than the registration officer) in such appeals, and one notice only to the registrar and to the registration officer, with a schedule appended thereto of the appeals to which the notice relates. (5) In the case of any appeal in which no notice requiring such appeal to be heard is sent, the parties shall be deemed to consent to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal (without pre- judice to their right to appeal to the Oourt of Appeal) ; and in any such case, after the selected appeal has been disposed of, an order similar to that made on the selected appeal shall be made without further hearing, but no costs shall be allowed to either side, other than the court fees and the costs of and incidental to the notice of appeal and the request for the entry of the appeal for hear- ing, and the notice sent by the registrar and any notice sent in reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to the order. (6) The parties who consent or under this rule are to be deemed to consent to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal, and who are in the same interest as the unsuccessful party to- such appeal, shall be liable for the costs of the selected appeal in the same manner and to the same extent as the unsuccessful party to such appeal, and an order directing them to pay such costs may be made and enforced accordingly. (7) In the case of any appeal in which notice requiring the appeal to be heard is sent, such appeal shall be heard after the selected appeal is disposed of; but a party requiring any such appeal to be heard shall be liable to pay costs to the opposite party, and shall not be entitled to receive any costs of or in such appeal, other than the court fees and the costs of and incidental to the notice of appeal and the request for the entry of the appeal for hearing, and the notice sent by the registrar and any notice sent in reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to the order, unless the judge shall otherwise order. 21. Service of notices and documents. (1) Any notice or other document required or authorised by these Eules to be sent to the registration officer may be sent to him by post addressed to him at his office. Any notice or other document required or authorised by these Rules to be sent to any other person shall be sufficiently sent if sent by post to the address of such person as given by him for the purpose or appearing on the documents forwarded to the Oourt, or, if there is no such address, to his last known place of abode. Provided that where any such person acts by a solicitor or by a person nominated in writing pursuant to Rule 12, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (d), any such COUNTY COURT RULES. 64o notice or document may be sent by post to such solicitor or person at the address for service given by him. (2) Proof of service. Any such notice or document shall,, unless the contrary be proved, be deemed to have been served at the time when the same would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving the service thereof it shall be sufficient to prove that the same .was properly addressed and posted. 22. Fees. An inclusive fee of 10s. shall be payable under Part I. of Schedule B. of the Treasury Order regulating Fees in the County Courts on every appeal before the appeal is entered for hearing. Such fee shall cover all work done by the registrar in relation to the appeal, other than the taxation of costs where such costs are taxed under any column of the higher scale of costs, for which a fee of 2s. 6d. shall be taken under Part I. of the said Schedule B., and making copies of documents for the use of any party to the appeal, for which 4d. per folio shall be allowed. Where the hearing of an appeal is to take place at another court, the registrar of the court to which the notice of appeal is sent shall account to the treasurer of his court for one-fourth part of the said fee of 10s. as a foreign fee, and the treasurer of the court at which the hearing is to take place shall allow such one- fourth part to the registrar of that court. 23. Notice of appeal from county court to Court of Appeal. A person desiring to appeal to the Court of Appeal against the decision of the county court on any appeal shall give notice of his intention to appeal to the registrar and to the registration officer and to the opposite party, if any, according to the form in the Appendix (Form 11), when the decision is given, or within five days thereafter, specifying the grounds of appeal. 24. Consolidation of o/f^peals from county court to Court of Appeal. (1) Where it appears to the judge that the validity of any number of decisions given by the county court on appeals from the decisions of the registration officer depends upon the same point or points of law, and the parties to such appeals or (any of them have given notice to the registrar of their intention to appeal to the Court of Appeal, the judge may, whether the appeals to the county court have or have not been consolidated, declare that the appeals to the Court of Appeal ought to be consolidated; and thereupon the following provisions shall apply. (2) In any such case the judge, after making and furnishing a copy of a note in one of such appeals as provided by Rule 16, shall make and sign a statement according to the form in the Appendix (Form 12) that the several persons whose names and qualifications are set out in a schedule to be appended to the statement were parties as appellants or respondents to appeals from decisions of the registration officer given in circumstances similar to those in the case in which the note is made, and that similar decisions were given on all the said appeals (the numbers 646 APPENDIX II. of the several appeals to which the said persons respectively were parties being set opposite to their respective names in the schedule), and that due notice of appeals from such decisions was given, and that he declared that the appeals in all the said cases ought to be consolidated. (3) And he may name any person interested and consenting to be appellant or respondent in the consolidated appeal on behalf of himself and all other persons interested in like manner in the appeals who consent to be parties to and to be bound by the consolidated appeal, and such person shall sign a declaration that he appeals (Form 12) on behalf of himself and all the other persons interested as appellants whose names are written under the declaration, and agrees to prosecute the appeal, or that he agrees on behalf of himself and all the other persons interested as respondents whose names are written under the declaration to appear and answer the appeal; and the names and qualifications of every party intended to be joined shall be written under the declaration; and the declaration so signed shall be delivered to the registrar, and a copy thereof shall be appended to the state- ment made by the judge; and every party whose name is so written shall be deemed to consent to be a party to and to be bound by the consolidated appeal. 25. Where deputy or temporary registration officer ap- pointed. Where any deputy registration officer approved under sub-section three, or any person temporarily appointed under sub- section four of section twelve (/) of the Act performs the duties and exercises the powers of the registration officer in relation to the formation of the register, and notice of appeal against any decision of such deputy or other person is given, the pro- visions of these Eules as to the registration officer shall as regards such appeal apply to such deputy or other person as they apply to the registration officer as regards cases dealt with by him, and references in these Eules to the registration officer shall as regards such appeal be construed as referring to such deputy or other person accordingly. 26. Where assistant judge appointed. Where an assistant judge appointed pursuant to sub-section six of section fourteen of the Act is performing any of the duties of the judge under the Act, references in these Eules to the court or judge shall be construed as referring to such assistant judge (g). 27. Forms. (1) The forms in the Appendix to these Kules, with such modifications as may be necessary, shall be used for notices and orders under these Eules. (2) The registrar of any court may apply to the Treasury for any of the said forms to be printed and supplied to him, and if the application is granted may obtain such forms and supply such of the same as are to be used by parties to appeals, without charge, for the use of parties requiring the same. ) See pp. 130, 131, supra. See sect. 14 (6), pp. 136, 137, supra. COUNTY COURT RULES. 647 28. Non-compliance with rules- or forms. (1) Non-compliance with any of these Rules or any departure from the forms in the Appendix shall not render any proceedings void unless the judge shall so direct, but such proceedings may be set aside either wholly or in part as irregular, or may be amended or otherwise dealt with in such manner and upon such terms as the judge mav think fit. * 29. Reckoning of time. In reckoning time for the purposes of these Kules Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and any bank holiday or day set apart as a public holiday or day of public fast, humiliation or thanksgiving, or any day on which the offices of the court are closed, shall be excluded, and where the time for doing any act or taking any proceeding under these! Rules expires on any such day, such act or proceeding shall, so far as regards the time of doing or taking the same, be held to be duly done or taken if done or taken on the next day not being one of any such days. 30. Short title. These Rules may be cited as the County Court (Registration Appeals) Rules, 1918. 648 APPENDIX II. APPENDIX OF FORMS. No. 1. Declaration by Registration Officer that it appears to him that a number of Notices of Appeal are based on similar grounds. The Representation of the People Act, 1918. I hereby declare that it appears to me that the notices of appeal given to me in the cases mentioned in the Schedule hereto are based on similar grounds, and I forward to the Court this declaration accordingly, for the purpose of enabling the Court (if the Court thinks fit) to consolidate the appeals, or to select one of such cases for hearing in the first instance as a test case. The day of , 19 . Registration Officer. To the Registrar of the County Court of held at Schedule. No. Appellant. Respondents. 1 A.B., C.D., of (address). of (address}, and Officer for And $0 on. the Registration Registration Officer. No. 2. Request by Appellant for Entry of Appeal. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, and ' In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- tration Officer for Between A.B. of (address) Appellant and C.D. of (address) and The Registration Officer for , Respondents. SIR, I HEREWITH forward to you copy of the notice of appeal r given tc and to the Registration Officer. in the above-mentioned matter given to the above-named ippeai C.D. >UNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 649 I request the Court to enter the appeal for hearing, and to fix a, time and place for the hearing thereof. I enclose the sum of 10s. for the fee payable on the entry of ihe appeal for hearing. Bated this day of , 19 . A. B. , Appellant. (add address') to which address all notices or other documents are to be sent. To the Registrar of the County Court of held .at No. 3. Notice of Time and Place for Hearing of Appeal. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, No. of Appeal, and In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- tration Officer for A.B. of (address} .D. of (address) Between and and The Registration Officer for Appellant Respondents. TAKE NOTICE, that the above-mentioned appeal will be heard at a Court to be held at on the day of ,19 , at the hour of in the noon; And that if you do not attend either in person or by your solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings will be taken and order made as the Judge may think just. Dated this day of 19 Registrar. To (the Appellant and the Respondent (if any) named in the notice of appeal) and to the Registration Officer for 650 APPENDIX II. No. 4. Notice of Time and Place for Hearing to Appellant or Respon- dent in a number of Appeals fixed to be heard on the same day. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, and In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of the Registration Officer for enumerated in the Schedule hereto. TAKE NOTICE, that the several appeals enumerated in the Schedule hereto in which you are the Appellant [or the Respon- dent] will be heard at a Court to be held at on the day of , 19 j at the hour of in the noon; And that if you do not attend either in person or by your solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings will be taken and orders made on the said appeals as the Judge may think just. Bated this day of , 19 . Registrar. To (the Appellant or the Respondent, naming him'}. No. Schedule of Appeals. Appellants. Respondents. Where same A.B., (address). The same. And Or, where tame G.H., (address). K.L., (aitdrest) . M.N., (address) . Appellant. C.D., (address), and the Registration Officer. E.F., (address,, and the Registration Officer. so on. Respondent. I.J., (address], and the Registration Officer. The same. The same. And Registrar. COUNTY COURT KULES (FORMS). 651* No. 5. Notice to Registration Officer of Time and Place for Hearing of a Number of Appeals fixed to be Heard on the same Day. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, and In the Matter of the several Appeals, against the decisions of the Registration Officer for enumerated in the Schedule hereto. TAKE NOTICE, that the several appeals enumerated in the Schedule hereto will be heard at a Court to be held at on the day of , 19 , at the hour of in the noon; And that if you do not attend either in person or by your solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings will be taken and orders made on the said appeals as the Judge may think just. Dated this day of , 19 . Registrar. To the Registration Officer for Schedule of Appeals. No. Appellant. Respondent. 1 2 (Name and address}. (Name and address] . And (Name and address], and the Regis- tration Officer. (Name and address), and the Regis- tration Officer. so on. Registrar. No. 6. Order on Appeal. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, No. of Appeal, and In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- tration Officer for Between A.B. of (address) Appellant and C.D. of (taddress] and The Registration Officer for , Respondents. Upon hearing for the Appellant and for the Respondent 0. D. and for the Registration Officer APPENDIX II. It is ordered that the decision of the Registration Officer refusing to enter the name of the above-named A. B. on the Register of Parliamentary Electors for the Registration Area of in the Polling District of in the Con- stituency of [or (state the decision appealed against} be reversed [or varied] and that (state the order made, and the exact alteration or correction to be made in the electors list or register pursuant to the order} ? And it is ordered that the Appellant be allowed against the Respondent 0. D. , and against the Registration Officer or against the Registration Officer] his costs of and incidental to this appeal, which are hereby allowed at the sum of [or to be taxed by the Registrar under Column A. of the higher scale of costs in use in the county courts]; And it is ordered that the Respondents or one of them [or the Registration Officer] do pay the said sum of to the Registrar for the use of the Appellant on or before the day of , 19 , [or do pay the amount of the said costs when taxed to the Registrar for the use of the Appellant within fourteen days from the date of the Registrar's certificate of the result of the taxation]. [or It is ordered that the decision of the Registration Officer (state the decision} be affirmed; And it is ordered that the Respondents 0. D. and the Registration Officer [or the Registration Officer] be allowed against the Appellant their [or his] costs of and incidental to this appeal, which are hereby allowed in the case of the Respon- dent 0. D. at the sum of and in the case of the Registration Officer at the sum of [or which are hereby allowed .at the sum of ] [or to be taxed by the Registrar under Column A. of the higher scale of costs in use in the county courts]; And it is ordered that the Appellant do pay the said sums of and to the Registrar for the use of the Respon- dents respectively [or do pay the said sum of to the Registrar for the use of the Registration Officer] on or before the day of ,19 [or do pay the amount [or amounts] of the said costs when taxed to the Registrar for the use of the Respondents respectively [or for the use of the Regis- tration Officer] within fourteen days from the date of the Registrar's certificate of the result of the taxation]. Dated this day of , 19 . By the Court, Registrar. To (the Appellant and the Respondent, naming them} and to the Registration Officer for COUNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). No. 7. Declaration by Judge that Appeals depending on the same Point or Points of Law ought to be Consolidated. In the County Court of held at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, and In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of the Registration Officer for enumerated in the Schedule hereto. It appearing to me that the several cases enumerated in the Schedule hereto depend and have been decided by the Regis- tration Officer on the same point or points of law, I declare that such appeals ought to be consolidated. And I select the Appeal No. Between A. B. of (address] Appellant and C.D. of (address} and The Registration Officer for , Respondents, for hearing in the first instance as a test case. Bated this day of , 19 . Judge [or Assistant Judge] . Schedule of Appeals. No. Appellant. Respondents. | (Name and address] . (Name- the parties: but no order directing payment shall be inserted in the certificate except in the case mentioned in paragraph 3 of this Rule. (2) Fees and costs. The court may determine by whom the court fees are to be paid, and may order either party to pay such sum as the court may consider proper by way of costs to the other party, and the amount allowed in respect thereof shall be COUNTY COURT RULES (NO. 2). 665 added to or deducted from the amount payable to the returning officer, and the amount to be included in the certificate shall be adjusted accordingly. (3) Order for payment where balance due from returning officer. If the court orders any sum to be paid by way of fees and costs to the Treasury, and such sum exceeds the amount cer- tified to be payable by the Treasury to the returning officer, or if the amount already advanced by the Treasury to the returning officer on account of his charges exceeds the amount certified to be payable to him, the court shall certify the amount of the excess, and shall order the amount so certified to be paid to the Treasury, and the order shall be enforceable in like manner as a judgment of the court. 13. Order on examination of claim. On the hearing of an application for the examination of a claim, or at any adjournment thereof, the court may allow or disallow or reduce the claim, and may determine by whom the court fees are to be paid, and may order either party to pay such sum as the court may con- sider proper by way of costs to the other party, and may give directions as to the addition to the sum allowed to the claimant of any costs ordered to be paid to him, or the set off against such sum of any fees and costs ordered to be paid by him, and -as to the payment of the balance ascertained to be due from either party to the other. 14. Forms 423, 424, 425A, 426 428. Forms 423, 424, 426, 427 and 428 in the Appendix, entitled in the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, and of the election in question, and with the necessary modifications, may be used for applications for taxation of accounts or examination of claims, notices of time and place fixed for taxation or examination, and orders on examination of claims under these Rules; and Form 425A in the Appendix, with the necessary modifications, may be used for certificates on taxation. 15. Fees. The fees payable under the Treasury Order regu- lating Fees in the County Courts for taxation of accounts and examination of claims under Rules 1 to 8 of this Order shall apply to taxations and examinations under these Rules, with the following modification, that where a notice is served "by the high bailiff by post the fee for such service shall be fid. only. ORDER LIII. COSTS AND ALLOWANCES TO WITNESSES. The following Rule shall stand as Order LIII., Rule 50, viz.: Increase of Costs during Continuance of War. 16. Increase of costs during war. (1) During the continua- tion of the present war, and thereafter until such date as the Lord Chancellor shall appoint, the total of any items of costs (as APPENDIX II. distinct from payments) in respect of business done after the thirtieth day of April nineteen hundred and eighteen in any action or matter commenced in or remitted to a county court, or in proceedings under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1906, shall where costs are payable under Column B or Column C of the higher scale be increased by 20 per centum, and such increase shall be allowed upon any taxation or assessments of costs in respect of any such business ,as well as between party and. party as between solicitor and client. (2) Provided that this Rule shall not affect any power to direct payment of a fixed or gross sum in respect or in lieu of costs. (3) Provided also that where any items of costs are increased under Rule 8 of this Order, or costs are allowed on any scale higher than that which, would otherwise be applicable, the increase authorised by this rule shall not be allowed in respect of such items or in respect of costs allowed on such higher scale, unless the judge otherwise orders. (4) Provided also that this Rule shall not apply to bills of costs which have at the date when this Rule comes into operation already been delivered to the client sought to be charged there- with or to the person chargeable therewith or liable therefor, or to bills already taxed and certified or allowed. (5) The increase hereby authorised shall not affect the question whether a bill of costs when taxed is or is not less by one sixth part than the bill delivered, sent, or left. APPENDIX. 166 instead of 166. RECEIPT FOR MONEY LEVIED OR PAID UNDER PROCESS. No. County Court. No. of Plaint . No. of Execution or other Process v. Received the day of of the above named the sum of pounds shillings and pence: On account of Debt and costs : : Possession fees .. Total Bailiff. N.B. This form to be printed and numbered in duplicate on thin paper, 6 inches long by 4 inches deep, and bound up in books, 50 duplicates in each book. Dated the day of ,1918. COUNTY COURT KULES (No. 2). 667 425A. CERTIFICATE ON TAXATION UNDER THE EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, SECTION 29. '[Not to be printed, but to be used as a precedent.] In the County Court of liolden at In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, Section 29, and In the Matter of an. Election of a Member to serve in Parlia- ment for the Division of the County of [or as the case may be]. On the application of the Treasury for the taxation of the account of the charges of the returning officer at the above-mentioned election in respect of such election, The Court doth determine that the amount payable to the said in respect of such charges is the sum of , and doth certify the same accordingly: And the Court doth further determine that the Court fees payable on this application, amounting to , are to be paid by : And doth further order that do pay to the sum of by way of costs in respect of this application: And the Court doth certify that the amount payable to the said , including the costs payable to him as aforesaid [or after deducting the fees and costs payable by him as afore- said] is the sum of [#/, if the balance, after adjusting the fees and costs, and giving credit for any amount already advanced on account of his charges, is against the returning officer, And the Court doth certify that the balance due from the said after crediting him with the amount payable to him in respect of his charges and debiting him with the amount payable by him for Court fees and costs and the amount already advanced to him on account of his charges, is the sum of ; And doth order that the said do on or before the day of , 19 , pay the said sum of to the registrar of this Court for the use of the Treasury.] Given under the seal of the Court this day of , 19 . By the Court, Registrar. To the Treasury and to [The Returning Officer]. #68 APPENDIX II. NOTES. Rule 1 enables the judges to fix courts for the transaction, of ordinary business so as to fit in with the arrangements which must be made by them for the hearing of appeals from regis- tration officers under the Representation of the People Act, 1918. The Majority of these appeals will probably come in for hear- ing about the same time; and as it will be necessary that they should be dealt with as soon as possible, the judges will have to make arrangements accordingly. The Rule accordingly pro- vides that instead of being required to fix courts for ordinary business 3 months beforehand, as required by the pre- sent Rule, they may delay the fixing of such courts until they know approximately what time will be required for the hearing of appeals, and to give 6 weeks notice only of the times fixed for such courts; and further that in country dis- tricts where the ordinary business is not likely to require a full day they may fix two courts to be held on the same day, so as to allow more free days for the hearing of appeals. Rule 2. The words omitted from Form 23 were inserted by the Rules of 1914. This was done per incuriam, as Order XXIlA., Rule 10, altering the time for filing notice of defence, &c., in actions under the extended jurisdiction con'ferre'd by the Act of 1903, applies only to ordinary and not to default summonses; see Order XXIlA., Rule 1. Rule 3 corrects a clerical error in Order XXIlA., Rule 1. Rule 4 provides a new form of receipt to be given by a bailiff for money paid under process, and for a carbon copy being kept, as suggested by the Treasury. Rules 5 to 15 are based on the existing Rules as to the taxation of the accounts of returning officers, which are still in force as to elections other than parliamentary elections. The only substantial difference is that as the expenses are to be paid by the Treasury a certificate of the amount found to be payable is substituted for an order for payment, as in the case of deter- mination by the county court of a difference as to the amount to be paid for carriages, etc., requisitioned under sect. 115 of of the Army Act, 1881. Rule 16 provides for the increase of costs during the war, following the Rule recently made for the Supreme Court. REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918. 869 No. 4. REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918 (BEISG RULES OF THK SUPREME COURT AS TO APPEALS TO THE COURT OF APPEAL FROM THE COUNTY COURTS UNDER THK REPRESENTATION OK THE PEOPLE AtT, 1918, sKirr. 14 ( y ). [NOTE. The following- Rule shall stand as Rule 21 of Oder LVIII. of the Rules of the Supreme Court, 1883.] 21. Registration appeals. The following provisions shall apply to appeals to the Court of Appeal from decisions of the county courts on points of law on the hearing of appeals from regis- tration officers under the Representation of the People Act, 1918. section 14 (a). (1) A person desiring to appeal to the Court of Appeal against the decision of the county court on any appeal shall give notice of his intention to appeal to the registrar of the county court and to the registration officer and to the opposite party, if any, within such time and in such form as may be prescribed by County Court Eules. (2) In any such case the party, if any, in whose favour the decision is given shall be the respondent: and the registration officer also shall be named as respondent to the appeal. (3) Every such appeal shall be by notice of motion in accor- dance with Order LIX., Eule 10; and such notice of motion shall be served and the appeal set down under Order LVIII., Eule 8, within the time limited by Order LIX., Eule 12. (4) It shall be the duty of the party appealing to apply to the judge or assistant judge of the county court for a signed copy of the note made by him of any point of law raised before him, and of the facts in evidence in relation thereto, and of his decision thereon, and of his decision on the hearing of the appeal, and to furnish such copy, and two additional unsigned copies thereof, for the use of the Court of Appeal ; and such signed copy shall be used and received at the hearing of the appeal. If such note is not produced the Court of Appeal shall have power to apply to the judge or assistant judge to furnish such a note, or to hear and determine the appeal upon any other evidence or state- ment of what occurred before the county court which the Court of Appeal may deem sufficient. (5) If the Court of Appeal is of opinion that the statement in the note is not sufficient to enable the Court to give judgment in law, the Court may remit the matter to the judge or assistant judge in order that the note may be more fully stated. (a] See pp. 134137, supra. 670 APPENDIX II. (6) No appeal shall bo allowed upon any question of fact only, or upon the admissibility or effect of any evidence or admission adduced or made in any case to establish any matter of fact only. (7) The Court shall have power to extend the time for appeal- ing, or to amend the grounds of appeal, or rescind or vary any declaration as to consolidation of appeals made by the judge or assistant judge of the county court, or to make any other order on such terms as the Court shall think just to ensure the determination on the merits of the real question in controversy between the parties. (8) Where it appears to the judge or assistant judge that the validity of any number of decisions given by the county court depends upon the same point or points of law, and the parties or any of them have given notice to the county court of their intention to appeal to the Court of Appeal, the judge or assistant judge may, in such manner as may be prescribed by County Court Rules, declare that the appeals to the Court of Appeal ought to be consolidated, and may name any person interested and consenting to be appellant or respondent in the consolidated appeal on behalf of himself and all other persons interested in like manner in the appeals who consent to be parties to and to be bound by the consolidated appeal; and the registration officer shall also be named as a respondent to the consolidated appeal. (9) With regard to consolidated appeals the like proceedings shall be had and taken and the like rules and regulations shall apply as in the case of any other appeal; and every order, judg- ment or decision of the Court of Appeal shall be equally valid and effectual and binding and conclusive on all the parties named in or referred to as parties to such consolidated appeals. (10) Where appeals are consolidated, if the consolidated appeal is not duly prosecuted or answered, the Court of Appeal may give to any party or parties interested in such appeal, upon his or their application, the conduct and direction of the appeal or of the answer thereto, instead of or in addition to any person originally named in that behalf, in such manner and on such terms as the Court may think fit, or may make such other order in the case as may seem just. (11) Every party to a consolidated appeal shall be liable for the costs of the appeal in the same manner and to the same extent as the person named as appellant or respondent in such appeal. (12) If where appeals are consolidated any party interested in any such appeal refuses to be a party to and to be bound by the consolidated appeal; the appeal in which such party is interested may proceed separately; but such party shall not be entitled to receive any costs of or in such appeal, unless the Court of Appeal shall otherwise order. (13) Arrangements shall be made for hearing any appeals without delay, and as far as possible continuously. (14) Subject to the foregoing provisions the rules for the time being in force with respect to appeals from the High Court to the Court of Appeal shall, so far as practicable, apply to and govern appeals under this rule to the Court of Appeal. (15) Except as in this rule otherwise provided, the costs of any appeal shall be in the discretion of the Court of Appeal. REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918. 6 ~1 Such costs may, if the appeal is successful, be ordered to be paid by the registration officer named as respondent to the appeal, whether he shall or shall not appear in support of the decision of the county court. Where any person other than the registration officer is respondent to an appeal he shall not be liable or entitled to costs unless he appears in support of the decision of the county court. (16) Notice of the decision of the Court of Appeal on any appeal shall be given by the proper officer of the Court of Appeal to the registration officer, specifying exactly every alteration or correction to be made on the register in pursuance of the decision: and a copy thereof shall be sent to the registrar of the county court. 19 (17) This Rule may be cited as the Registration Appeals Rule, 18. 672 APPENDIX III. APPENDIX 111. STATUTES. CONTENTS. PAGE. The Ballot Act (35 & 36 Viet. c. 33) 672 The Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act, 1875 (38 & 39 Viet. c. 84) 700 The Parliamentary Elections Eeturning Officers Expenses Scotland) Act, 1878 (41 & 42 Viet. c. 42) 708 The Parliamentary Elections and Corrupt Practices Act, 1880(43 Viet. c. 18) 708 The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 (46&47 Viet. c. 51) 710 The Local Government Elections Act, 1896 (59 Viet. c. 1)... 717 BALLOT ACT, 1872 (35 & 36 VICT. c. 33) (a). An Act to .amend the Law relating to Procedure at Parliamentary and Municipal Elections. [18th July, 1872.] [Preamble. ~\ PART I. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. Procedure at Elections. 1. Nomination of candidates -for parliamentary elections. A candidate for election to serve in Parliament for a county or borough shall be nominated in writing. The writing shall be subscribed by two registered electors of such county or borough as proposer and seconder, and by eight other registered electors (a) The Ballot Act, 1872, is made permanent by sect. 35 of the Representation of the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 673 of the same county or borough as assenting to the nomination, and shall be delivered during the time appointed for the election to the returning officer by the candidate himself, or his proposer or seconder. If at the expiration of one hour after the time appointed for the election no more candidates stand nominated than there are vacancies to be filled up, the returning officer shall forthwith declare the candidates who may stand nominated to be elected, and return their names to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery; but if at the expiration of such, hour more candidates stand nominated than there are vacancies to be filled up, the returning officer shall adjourn the election and shall take a poll in manner in this Act mentioned. A candidate may, during the time appointed for the election, but not afterwards, withdraw from his candidature by giving a notice to that effect, signed by him, to the returning officer: Provided that the proposer of a candidate nominated in his absence out of the United Kingdom may withdraw such candidate by a written notice signed by him and delivered to the returning officer, together with a written declaration of such absence of the candidate. If after the adjournment of an election by the returning officer for the purpose of taking a poll one of the candidates nominated shall die before the poll has commenced, the returning officer shall, upon being satisfied of the fact of such death, countermand notice of the poll, and all the proceedings with reference to the election shall be commenced afresh in all respects as if the writ had been received by the returning officer on the day on which proof was given to him of such death; provided that no fresh nomination shall be necessary in the case of a candidate who stood nominated at the time of the countermand of the poll (6). 2. Poll at elections, In the case of a poll at an election the votes shall be given by ballot. The ballot of each voter shall consist of a paper (in this Act called a ballot paper) showing the names and description of the candidates. Each ballot paper shall have a number printed on the back, and shall have attached a counterfoil with the same number printed on the face. At the time of voting, the ballot paper shall be marked on both sides with an official mark, and delivered to the voter within the polling station, and the number of such voter on the register of voters shall be marked on the counterfoil, and the voter having secretly marked his vote on the paper, and folded it up so as to conceal his vote, shall place it in a closed box in the presence of the officer presiding at the polling station (in this Act called " the presiding officer ") after having shown to him the official mark at the back. Any ballot paper which has not on its back the official mark, or on which votes are given to more candidates than the voter is entitled to vote for, or on which anything, except the said number on the back, is written or marked by which the voter can be identified, shall be void and not counted. (b] See sect, 21 (4) (a\ p. 162, supra. F. 43 APPENDIX III. After the close of the poll the ballot boxes shall be sealed up, so as to prevent the introduction of additional ballot papers, and shall be taken charge of by the returning officer, and that officer shall, in the presence of such agents, if any, of the candidates as may be in attendance, open the ballot boxes, and ascertain the result of the poll by counting the votes given to each candidate, and shall forthwith declare to be elected the candidates or can- didate to whom the majority of votes have been given, and return their names to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery. The decision of the returning officer as to any question arising in respect of any ballot paper shall be final, subject to reversal on petition questioning the election or return. Where an equality of votes is found to exist between any candidates at an election for a county or borough, and the .addition of a vote would entitle any of such candidates to be declared elected, the returning officer, if a registered elector of such county or ^borough, may give such additional vote, but shall not in any other case be entitled to vote at an election for which he is returning officer (c). Offences at Elections. 3. Offences in respect of nomination papers, ballot papers, and ballot boxes (d}. 4. Infringement of secrecy (e). Amendment of Law. 5. Division of counties and boroughs into polling districts (/). 6. Use of school and public room for poll. The returning officer at a parliamentary election may u^e, free of charge, for the purpose of taking the poll at such election, any room in a school receiving a grant out of moneys provided by Parliament, and any room the expense of maintaining which is payable out of any local rate, but he shall make good any damage done to such room, and defray any expense incurred by the person or body of persons, corporate or unincorporate, having control over the same on account of its being used for the purpose of taking the poll as aforesaid. The use of any room in an unoccupied house for the purpose of taking the poll shall not render any person liable to be rated or to pay any rate for such house. 7. Collusiveness of register of voters. At any election for a Bounty or borough, a person shall not be entitled "to vote unless his name is on the register of voters for the time being in force for such county or borough, and every person whose name is on such register shall be entitled to demand and receive a ballot paper and to vote: Provided that nothing in this section shall (c) See sect. 22 (1) (c), p. 165, supra. (d) See pp. 285, 286, supra. (e) For the provisions of this section, see pp. 286, 287, supra. (/) Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396. supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 675 entitle any person to vote who is prohibited from voting by statute, or by the common law of Parliament, or relieve such person from any penalties to which he may be liable for voting. Duties of Returning and Election Officers. 8. General powers and duties of returning officer. Subject to the provisions of this Act, every returning officer shall provide such nomination papers, polling stations, ballot boxes, ballot papers, stamping instruments, copies of register of voters, and other things, appoint and pay such officers, and do such other acts and things as may be necessary for effectually conducting an election in manner provided by this Act. \_Here follow words repealed by present Act(f).\ Where the sheriff is returning officer for more than one county as defined for the purposes of parliamentary elections, he may, without prejudice to any other power, by writing under his hand, appoint a fit person to be his deputy for all or any of the purposes relating to an election in any such county, and may, by himself or such deputy, exercise any powers and do any things which the returning officer is authorised or required to exercise or do in relation to such election, Every such deputy, and also any under sheriff, shall, in so far as he acts as returning officer, be deemed to be included in the term returning officer in the provisions of this Act relating to parliamentary elections, and the enactments with which this part of this Act is to be construed as one (g). 9. Keeping of order in station. If any person misconducts himself in the polling station, or fails to obey the lawful orders of the presiding officer, he may immediately, by order of the pre- siding officer, be removed from the polling station by any constable in or near that station, or any other person authorised in writing by the returning officer to remove him; and the person so removed shall not, unless with the permission of the presiding officer, again be .allowed to enter the polling station during the day. Any person so removed as aforesaid, if charged with the com- mission in such station of any offence, may be kept in custody until he can be brought before a justice of the peace. Provided that the powers conferred by this section shall not be exercised so as to prevent any elector who is otherwise entitled to vote at any polling station from having an opportunity of voting at such station. 10. Powers of presiding officer and administration of oaths, &c. For the purpose of the adjournment of the poll, and of every other enactment relating to the poll, a presiding officer shall have the power by law belonging to a deputy returning officer; and any presiding officer and any clerk appointed by the (/) See sect. 47 (1), p. 337, supra, aud p. 396, supra. (g} The words in sect. 8 beginning ' ' Where the sheriff ' ' to the end of the section are repealed (except as respects Scotland and Ireland) by seat. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra. 43(2) 676 APPENDIX III. returning officer to attend at a polling station shall have the power of asking the questions and administering the oath autho- rised by law to be asked of and administered to voters, and any justice of the peace and any returning officer may take and receive any declaration authorised by this Act to be taken before him. 11. Liability of officers for misconduct. Every returning officer, presiding officer, and clerk who is guilty of any wilful misfeasance or any wilful act or omission in contravention of this Act shall, in addition to any other penalty or liability to which he may be subject, forfeit to any person aggrieved by such misfeasance, act, or omission a penal sum not exceeding one hundred pounds. Section fifty of the Representation of the People Act, 1867, (which relates to the acting of any returning officer, or his partner or clerk, as agent for a candidate,) shall apply to any returning officer or officer appointed by him in pursuance of this Act, and to his partner or clerk. Miscellaneous. 12. Prohibition of disclosure of vote. No person who has voted at an election shall, in any legal proceeding to question the election or return, be required to state for whom he has voted. 13. Non-compliance with rules. No election shall be declared invalid by reason of a non-compliance with the rules contained in the First Schedule to this Act, or any mistake in the use of the forms in the Second Schedule to this Act, if it appears to the tribunal haying cognizance of the question that the election was conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the body of this Act, and that such non-compliance or mistake did not affect the result of the election. 14. Use of municipal ballot boxes, &c. for parliamentary elec- tion, and vice versa. Where a parliamentary borough and muni- cipal borough occupy the whole or any part of the same area, any ballot boxes or fittings for polling stations and compartments provided for such parliamentary borough or such municipal borough may be used in any municipal or parliamentary elec- tion in such borough free of charge, and any damage other than reasonable wear and tear caused to the same shall be paid as part of the expenses of the election at which they are so used. 15. Construction of Act. This part of this Act shall, so far as is consistent with the tenor thereof, be construed as one with the enactments for the time being in force relating to the repre- sentation of the people, and to the registration of persons entitled to vote at the election of members to serve in Parliament, and with any enactments otherwise relating to the subject matter oi this part of this Act, and terms used in this part of this Act shall have the same meaning as in the said enactments; and in con- struing the said enactments relating to an election or to the poll or taking the votes by poll, the mode of election and of taking the poll established by this Act shall for the purposes of the said' enactments be deemed to be substituted for the mode of election BALLOT ACT, 1872. 677 or poll, or taking the votes by poll, referred to in the said enact- ments; iand any person applying for a ballot paper under this Act shall be deemed " to tender his vote," or " to assume to vote," within the meaning of the said enactments; and any application for a ballot paper under this Act, or expressions relative thereto shall be equivalent to " voting " in the said enactments and any expressions relative thereto; and the term "polling booth" as used in the said enactments shall be deemed to include a polling station; and the term " proclamation " as used in the said enact- ments shall be deemed to include a public notice given in pursuance of this Act. Application of Part of Act to Scotland. 16. Alterations for application of Part 1. to Scotland. This part of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following provisions: (1) The expression " crime and offence " shall be equivalent to the expression " misdemeanor," and shall be sub- stituted therefor: (2) All offences under this Act for which any person may be punished on summary conviction shall be prosecuted before the sheriff under the provisions of " The Sum- mary Procedure Act, 1864"; and all jurisdictions, powers, and authorities necessary for that purpose are hereby conferred on sheriffs: The expression "sheriff" shall include sheriff substitute: The provisions of this Act relating to the division of counties and boroughs into polling districts shall not apply to Scotland: (5) [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra. ~\ Application of Part of Act to Ireland. 17. Alterations for application of Part I. to Ireland. This part of this Act shall apply to Ireland, subject to the following modifications : (1) The expression " Clerk of the Crown in Chancery " shall mean the Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper in Ireland: (2) The preceding provisions of this part of this Act with respect to the division of counties and boroughs into polling districts shall not extend to Ireland: (3) In the construction of the preceding provisions of this part of this Act as applying to Ireland, section thirteen of " The Representation of the People (Ireland) Act, 1868," shall be substituted for section fifty of " The Representation of the People Act, 1867," wherever in such provisions the said last-mentioned section occurs. The provision contained in the sixth section of this Act providing for the use of school rooms free of charge, for the purpose of taking the poll at elections, shall not apply to any school adjoining or adjacent to any church or other place of worship, nor to any school connected with a nunnery or other religious establishment: 678 APPENDIX III. (4) [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra. ] 18. Provisions as to polling districts and polling places in Ireland. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra.] 19. Amendment of law as to voting in certain boroughs. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra.'] PART II. MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS (&). 20. Application to municipal election of enactments relating to the p'oll at parliamentary elections. The poll at every con- tested municipal election shall, so far as circumstances admit, be conducted in the manner in which the poll is by this Act directed to be conducted at a contested parliamentary election, and, subject to the modifications expressed in the schedules ' annexed hereto, such provisions of this Act and of the said schedules as relate to or are concerned with a poll at a parlia- mentary election shall apply to a poll at a contested municipal election: Provided as follows: (1) The term " returning officer " shall mean the mayor or other officer who, under the law relating to municipal elections, presides at such elections: (2) The term '* petition questioning the election or return " shall mean any proceeding in which a municipal election can be questioned: (3) The mayor shall provide everything which in the case of a parliamentary election is required to be provided by the returning officer for the purpose of a poll: (4) All expenses shall be defrayed in manner provided by law with respect to the expenses of a municipal election : (5) No return shall be made to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery: (6) Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to authorise the appointment of any agents of a candidate in a municipal election, but if in the case of a municipal election any agent of a candidate is appointed, and a notice in writing of such appointment is given to the returning officer, the provisions of this Act with respect to agents of candidates shall, so far as respects such agent, apply in the case of that election: (7) The provisions of this Act with respect to (a) The voting of a returning officer; and (b) The use of a room for taking a poll; and (c) The right to vote of persons whose names are on the register of voters; shall not apply in the case of a municipal election. (A-) Sects. 20 and 21 are repealed (except as to Sco the MunicipalCorporationb Act, 1882, *. 5, 260 (2). Scotland and Ireland) by BALLOT ACT, 1872. 679 A municipal election shall, except in so far as relates to the taking of the poll in the event of its being contested, be con- ducted in the manner in which it would have been conducted if this Act had not been passed. 21. Abolition of ward assessors. Assessors shall not be elected in any ward of any municipal borough, and a municipal election need not be held before the assessors or their deputies, but may be held before the mayor, alderman, or other 'returning officer only. Application of Part of Act to Scotland. 22. Alterations for application of Part II. to Scotland. This part of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following provisions : (1) The term " mayor " shall mean the provost or other chief magistrate of a municipal borough, as defined by this Act: (2) All municipal elections shall be conducted in the same manner in all respects in which elections of councillors in the royal burghs contained in Schedule 0. to the Act of the session of the third and fourth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter seventy-six, intituled " An Act to alter and amend the laws for the " election of the Magistrates and Councillors of the Hoyal " Burghs in Scotland," are directed to be conducted by the Acts in force at the time of the passing of this Act as amended by this Act; and all such Acts shall apply to such elections accordingly. Application of Part of Act to Ireland. 23. Alterations for application of Part 11. to Ireland. This part of this Act shall apply to Ireland, with the following modifications : (1) The term " mayor " shall include the chairman of com- missioners, chairman of municipal commissioners, chair- man of town commissioners, and chairman of township commissioners. (2) The provisions of " The Municipal Corporation Act, 1859," following; that is to say, section five and section six, and section seven except so much thereof as relates to the form of nomination papers, and section eight except so much thereof as relates to assessors, shall extend and apply to every municipal borough in Ireland, and shall be substituted for any provisions in force in relation to the nomination at municipal elections: Provided always, that the term " councillor " in these sections shall for the purposes of this section include alderman, commissioner, municipal commissioner, town commis- sioner, township commissioner, or assessor of any municipal borough. 680 APPENDIX III. PART III. PERSONATION. 24. Definition and punishment of personation, The following enactments shall be made with respect to personation at parlia- mentary iand municipal elections: A person shall for all purposes of the laws relating to parlia- mentary iand municipal elections be deemed to be guilty of the offence of personation who at an election for a county or borough, or at a municipal election, applies for a ballot paper in the name of some other person, whether that name be that of a person living or dead or of a fictitious person, or who having voted once at any such election applies at the same election for a ballot paper in his own name. .... It shall be the. duty of the returning officer to institute a prosecution against any person whom he may believe to have been guilty of personation, or of aiding, abetting, counselling, or procuring the commission of the offence of personation by any person, at the election for which he is returning officer, and the costs and "expenses of the prosecutor and the witnesses in such case, together with compensation for their trouble and loss of time, shall be allowed by the court in the same manner in which courts are empowered to allow the same in cases of felony. The provisions of the Kegistration Acts, specified in the Third Schedule to this Act, shall in England and Iceland respectively apply to personation under this Act in the same manner as they apply to a person who knowingly personates and falsely assumes to vote in the name of another person as mentioned in the said Acts. 25. Vote to be struck off for bribery, treating, or undue influence. Where a candidate, on the trial of an election peti- tion claiming the seat for any person, is proved to have been guilty, by himself or by any person on his behalf, of bribery, treating, or undue influence in respect of any person who voted at such election (a), . . . there shall, on a scrutiny, be struck off from the number of votes appearing to have been given to such candidate one vote for every person who voted at such election and is proved to have been so bribed, treated, or unduly influenced (a). . . . 26. Alterations in Act as applying to Scotland. This part of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following provision: The offence of personation shall be deemed to be a crime and offence, and the rules of the law of Scotland with respect to apprehension, detention, precognition, commitment, and bail shall apply thereto, and any person accused thereof may be brought to trial in the court of justiciary, whether in Edinburgh or on circuit, at the instance of the Lord Advo- cate, or before the sheriff court at the instance of the procurator fiscal. (a) Here follow words repealed by present Act. See sect, 47 (1], p. 337, supra, and p. 396, supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 681 27. Construction of part of Act. This part of this Act, so far as regards parliamentary elections, shall be construed as one with " The Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868," and shall apply to an election for a university or combination of universities. PAET IV. MISCELLANEOUS. 28. Effect of schedules. The schedules to this Act, and the notes thereto, and directions therein, shall be construed and have effect as part of this Act. 29. Definitions. In this Act The expression " municipal borough " means any place for the time being subject to the Municipal Corporation Acts, or any of them: The expression " Municipal Corporation Acts " means (a) As regards England, the Act of the session of the fifth and sixth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter seventy-six, intituled " An Act to provide for " the regulation of municipal corporations in England " and Wales," and the Acts amending the same: (b) As regards Scotland, the Act of the session of the third and fourth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter seventy-six, intituled " An Act to alter and " amend the laws for the election of Magistrates and " Councillors of the Eoyal Burghs in Scotland," and the Act of the same session, chapter seventy-seven, in- tituled " An Act to provide for the appointment and " election of Magistrates and Councillors for the several " Burghs and Towns of Scotland which now return or " contribute to return Members to Parliament, and are u not Boyal Burghs," and the Act of the session of the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter thirty-three, intituled " An Act " to make more effectual provision for regulating the " Police of Towns and populous Places in Scotland, and " for paving, draining, cleansing, lighting, and improv- " ing the same; " and " The General Police and Im- " provement (Scotland) Act, 1862," and any Acts amending the same: (c) As regards Ireland, the Act of the session of the third and fourth years of the reign of Jler present Majesty, chapter one hundred and eight, intituled " An Act for the Regu- " lation of Municipal Corporations in Ireland," the Act of the ninth year of G-eorge the Fourth, chapter eighty- two, The Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1854, and every local and personal Act providing for the election of commissioners in any towns or places for purposes similar to the purposes of the said Acts. The expression " municipal election " means (a) As regards England, an election of any person to serve the office of councillor, auditor, or assessor of any municipal 682 APPENDIX III. borough, or of councillor for a ward of a municipal borough; and (b) As regards Scotland, an election of any person to serve the office of councillor or commissioner of any muni- cipal borough, or of a ward or district of any municipal borough: (c) As regards Ireland, an election of any person to serve the office of alderman, councillor, commissioner, municipal commissioner, town commissioner, township commis- sioner, or assessor of any municipal borough. 30. Application of Act. This Act shall apply to any parlia- mentary or municipal election which may be held after the passing thereof. 31. Saving. Nothing in this Act, except Part III. thereof, shall apply to any election for a university or combination of universities. 32. Repeal of Acts in schedules (Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Schedules) to extent specified therein. 33. Short title. This Act may be cited as The Ballot Act, 1872( 2 ). . . . SCHEDULES. FIRST SCHEDULE. PART 1. RULES FOR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. Election. 1. The returning officer shall, in the case of a county election, within two days after the day on which he receives the writ, and in the case of a borough election, on the day on which he receives the writ or the following day, give public notice, between the hours of nine in the morning and four in the afternoon, of the day on which and the place at which he will proceed to an election, and of the time appointed for the election, and of the day on which the poll will be taken in case the election is contested, and of the time and place at which forms of nomination papers may be obtained, and in the case of a county election shall send one of such notices by post under cover, to the postmaster of the principal post office of each polling place in the county, endorsed with the words " Notice of election," and the same shall be forwarded free of charge; and the postmaster receiving the same shall forthwith publish the same in the manner in which post office notices are usually published (a). 2. The day of election shall be fixed by the returning officer as follows; that is to say, in the case of an election for a county (z) Here follow words repealed by present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337 supra, and p. 396, supra. (a] See sect. 21 (2), pp. 161, 162, also pp. 179, 180, supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 683 or a district borough not later than the ninth day after the day on which he receives the writ, with an interval of not less than three clear days between the day on which he gives the notice and the day of election ; and in the case of an election for any borough other than a district borough not later than the fourth day after the day on which he receives the writ, with an interval of not less than two clear days between the day on which he gives the notice and the day of election (6). 3. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act (c).j 4. The time appointed for the election shall be such two hours between the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the after- noon as may be appointed by the returning officer, and the returning officer shall attend during those two hours and for one hour after (c). 5. Each candidate shall be nominated by a separate nomination paper, but the same electors or any of them may subscribe as many nomination papers as there are vacancies to be filled, but no more (e). 6. Each candidate shall be described in the nomination paper in such manner as in the opinion of the returning officer is calculated to sufficiently identify such candidate; the description shall include his names, his abode, and his rank, profession, or calling, and his surname shall come first in the list of his names. No objection to a nomination paper on the ground of the descrip- tion of the candidate therein being insufficient, or not being in compliance with this rule, shall be allowed or deemed valid, unless such objection is made by the returning officer, or by some other person, at or immediately after the time of the delivery of the nomination paper (/). 7. The returning officer shall supply a form of nomination paper to any registered elector requiring the same during such two hours as the returning officer may fix, between the hours of ten in the morning and two in the afternoon on each day intervening between the day on which notice of the election was given and the day of election, and during the time appointed for the election; but nothing in this Act shall render obligatory the use of a nomination paper supplied by the returning officer, so, however, that the paper be in the form prescribed by this Act(flr). 8. The nomination papers shall be delivered to the returning officer at the place of election during .the time appointed for the election ; and the candidate nominated by each nomination paper, and his proposer and seconder, and one other person selected by the candidate, and no person other than aforesaid, shall, except for the purpose of assisting the returning officer, be entitled to (ft) See pp. 179, 180, supra. (c) See pp. 337, 396, supra. (d) See sect. 26 (1), p. 207. supra. (e) See sect. 33 (2), pp. 223, 224. also pp. 265269, supra. (f) Ibid, (a) Ibid. 84 APPENDIX III. attend the proceedings during the time appointed for the election (/&). 9. If the election is contested the returning officer shall, as soon as practicable after adjourning the election, give public notice 'of the day on which the poll will be taken, and of the candidates described as in their respective nomination papers, and of the names of the persons who subscribed the nomination paper of each candidate, and of the order in which the names of the candidates will be printed in the ballot paper, and, in the case of an election for a county, deliver to the postmaster of the principal post office of the town in which is situate the place of election a paper, signed by himself, containing the names of the candidates nominated, and stating the day on which the poll is to be taken, and the postmaster shall forward the information contained in such paper by telegraph, free of charge, to the several postal telegraph offices situate in the county for which the elec- tion is to be held, and such information shall be published at each such office in the manner in which post office notices are usually published (i) . 10. If any candidate nominated during the time appointed for the election is withdrawn in pursuance of this Act, the returning officer shall give public notice of the name of such candidate, and the names of the persons who subscribed the nomination paper of such candidate, as well as of the candidates who stood nominated or were elected (&). 11. The returning officer shall, on the nomination paper being delivered to him, forthwith publish notice of the name of the person nominated as a candidate, and of the names of his pro- poser and seconder, by placarding or causing to be placarded the names of the candidate and his proposer and seconder in a conspicuous position outside the building in which the room is situate appointed for the election (7). 12. A person shall not be entitled to have his name inserted in any ballot paper as a candidate unless he has been nominated in manner provided by this Act, and every person whose nomina- . tion paper has been delivered to the returning officer during the time appointed for the election shall be deemed to have been nominated in manner provided by this Act, unless objection be made to his nomination paper by the returning officer or some other person before the expiration of the time appointed for the election or within one hour afterwards (m). 13. The returning officer shall decide on the validity of every objection made to a nomination paper, and his decision, if dis- allowing the objection, shall be final; but if allowing the same, shall be subject to reversal on petition questioning the election or return (n). (Ji) See sect. 33 (2), pp. 223, 224, also pp. 265269, supra. (i) Ibid., also p. 179. (k) Ibid., also p. 208, supra. (1} Ibid. (m) Ibid. () Ibid. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 685 The Poll. 14. The poll shall take place on such day as the returning officer may appoint, not being in the case of an election for a county or a district borough less than two nor more than six clear days, and not being in the case of an election for a borough other than a district borough more than three clear days after the day fixed for the election (o). 15. At every polling place the returning officer shall provide a sufficient number of polling stations for the accommodation of the electors entitled to vote at such polling place, and shall distribute the polling stations amongst those electors in such manner as he thinks most convenient, provided that in a district borough there shall be at least one polling station at each con- tributory place of such borough (p). 16. Each polling station shall be furnished with such number of compartments, in which the voters can mark their votes screened from observation, as the returning officer thinks neces- sary, so that at least one compartment be provided for every one hundred and fifty electors entitled to vote at such polling station. 17. A separate room or separate booth may contain a separate polling station, or several polling stations may be constructed in the same room or booth. 18. No person shall be admitted to vote at any polling station except the one allotted to him (g). 19. The returning officer shall give public notice of the situa- tion of polling stations and the description of voters entitled to vote at each station, and of the mode in which electors are to vote. 20. The returning officer shall provide each polling station with materials for voters to mark the ballot papers, with instru- ments for stamping thereon the official mark, and with copies of the register of voters, or such part thereof as contains the names of the voters allotted to vote at such station. He shall keep the official mark secret, and an interval of not less than seven y^ears shall intervene between the use of the same official mark at elections for the same county or borough. 21. The returning officer shall appoint a presiding officer to preside at each station, and the officer so appointed shall keep order at his station, shall regulate the number of electors to be admitted at a time, and shall exclude all other persons except the clerks, the agents of the candidates, and the constables on duty. 22. Every ballot paper shall contain a list of the candidates described as in their respective nomination papers, and arranged alphabetically in the order of their surnames, and (if there are two or more candidates with the same surname) of their other (o) See sect. 21, pp. 161, 162, also pp. 162, 163, 179, 180, supra, (p) See sect. 24, pp. 203, 204, supra. (q) Ibid. 686 APPENDIX III. name*: it shall be in the form (r) set forth in the Second Schedule to this Act or as near thereto as circumstances admit, and shall be capable of being folded up. 23. Every ballot box shall be so constructed that the ballot papers can be introduced therein, but cannot be withdrawn there- from, without the box being unlocked. The presiding officer at any polling station, just before the commencement of the poll, shall show the ballot box empty to such persons, if any, as may be present in such station, so that they may see that it is empty, and shall then lock it up, and place his seal upon it in such manner as to prevent its being opened without breaking such seal, and shall place it in his view for the receipt of ballot papers and keep it so locked and sealed. 24. Immediately before a ballot paper is delivered to an elector it shall be marked on both sides with the official mark, either stamped or perforated, and the number, name, and descrip- tion of the elector as stated in the copy of the register shall be called out, and the number of such elector shall be marked on the counterfoil, and a mark shall be placed in the register against the number of the elector, to denote that he has received a ballot paper, but without showing the particular ballot paper which he has received. 25. The elector, on 'receiving the ballot paper, shall forthwith proceed into one of the compartments in the polling station, and there mark his paper, and fold it up so as to conceal his vote, and shall then put his ballot paper, so folded up, into the ballot box; he shall vote without undue delay, and shall quit the polling station as soon as he has put his ballot paper into the ballot box. 26. The presiding officer, on the application of any voter who is incapacitated by blindness or other physical cause from voting in manner prescribed in this Act, or (if the poll be taken on Saturday) of any voter who declares that he is of the Jewish persuasion, and objects on religious grounds to vote in manner prescribed by this Act, or of any voter who makes such a declara- tion as herein-after mentioned that he is unable to read, .shall, in the presence of the agents of the candidates, cause the vote of such voter to be marked on a ballot paper in manner directed by such voter, and the ballot paper to be placed in the ballot box, and the name and number on the register of voters of every voter whose vote is marked in pursuance of this rule, and the reason why it is so marked, shall be entered on a list in this Act called " the list of votes marked by the presiding officer." The said declaration, in this Act referred to as " the declara- tion of inability to read," shall be made by the voter at the time of polling, before the presiding officer, who shall attest it in the form herein-after mentioned, and no fee, stamp, or other pay- ment shall be charged in respect of such declaration, and the said declaration shall be given to the presiding officer at the time of voting. 27. If a person, representing himself to be a particular elector named on the register, applies for a ballot paper after another (r) See p. 698, f /*. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 687 person has voted as such elector, the applicant shall, upon duly answering the questions and taking the oath permitted by law to be asked of and to be administered to voters at the time of polling, be entitled to mark a ballot paper in the same manner as any other voter, but the ballot paper (in this Act called a tendered ballot paper) sljall be of a colour differing from the other ballot papers, and instead of being put into the ballot box, shall be given to the presiding officer and endorsed by him with the name of the voter and his number in the register of voters, and set aside in a separate packet, and shall not be counted by the returning officer. And the name of the voter and his number on the register shall be entered on a list, in this Act called the tendered votes list(/). 28. A voter who has inadvertently dealt with his ballot paper in such manner that it cannot be conveniently used as a ballot paper, may, on delivering to the presiding officer the ballot paper so inadvertently dealt with, and proving the fact of the inadvertence to the satisfaction of the presiding officer, obtain another ballot paper in the place of the ballot paper so delivered up (in this Act called a spoilt ballot paper), and the spoilt ballot paper shall be immediately cancelled (and third years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter sixty-five, intituled " An Act to amend the Representation of " the People in Scotland," in so far as they relate to the fixing (a) See pp. 337, 396, supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 693 and announcement of the day of election, the interval to elapse between the receipt of the writ and the day of election, tha period of adjournment for taking the poll in the case of Orkney and Shetland, and of the district of burghs comprising Kirk- wall, Wick, Dornoch, Dingwall, Tain, and Cromarty, and to the keeping open of the poll for two consecutive days in the case of Orkney and Shetland, shall remain in full force and effect, anything in this Act or any other Act of Parliament now in force notwithstanding; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to exclude Orkney and Shetland or Orkney or Shet- land, or the said district of burghs, or any of the burghs in the said district, from any of the benefits and obligations of the other portions of this Act. Modifications in Application of Part One of Schedule to Ireland. 62. The expression " Clerk of the Crown in Chancery " in this schedule shall mean, as regards Ireland, " the Clerk of the Crown " and Hanaper in Ireland." 63. A presiding officer at a polling station in a county in Ire- land need not be a freeholder of the county. PART II, RULES FOR MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. 64. In the application of the provisions of this schedule to municipal elections the following modifications shall be made: (a) The .expression " register of voters " means the burgess roll of the burgesses of the borough, or, in the case of an election for the ward of a borough, the ward list; and the mayor shall provide true copies of such register for each polling station: (b) All ballot papers and other documents which, in the case of a parliamentary election, are forwarded to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery shall be delivered to the town clerk of the municipal borough in which the election is held, and shall be kept by him among the records of the borough; and the provisions of part one of this ^schedule with respect to the inspection, production, and destruction of such ballot papers and documents, and to the copies of such documents, shall apply respectively to the ballot papers and documents so in the custody of the town clerk, with these modifications; namely, (a) An order of the county court having jurisdiction in the borough, or any part thereof, or of any tribunal in which a municipal election is questioned, shall be substituted for an order of the House of Commons or of one of Her Majesty's Superior Courts; but an appeal from such county court may be had in like manner as in other cases in such county court; (b) The regulations for the inspection of documents and the fees for the supply of copies of documents of which copies are directed to be supplied, shall be pre- 694 APPENDIX III. scribed by the council of the borough with the consent of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State; and, subject as aforesaid, the town clerk, in respect of the custody and destruction of the ballot papers and other documents coming into his possession in pursuance of this Act, shall be subject to the directions of the council of the borough: (c) Nothing in this schedule with respect to the day "le poll shall apply to a municipal election. (c) of th( Modifications in Application of Part 11. of Schedule to Scotland. 65. In part two of this schedule as applying to Scotland The expression " register of voters " means the register, list, or roll of persons entitled to vote in a municipal election made up according to the law for the time being in force. The expression " county court " means the sheriff court. The expression " town clerk " includes the clerk appointed by the Commissioners of Police under the Act of the session of the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter thirty-three, intituled " An Act to make more effectual provision for regulating " the police of towns and populous places in Scotland, " and for paving, draining, cleansing, lighting, and im- " proving the same," and of the General Police and Improvement (Scotland) Act, 1862. Modifications in Application of Part II. of Schedule to Ireland. 66. In part two of this schedule as applying to Ireland The expression " register of voters," in addition to the mean- ing specified in such part, means, in relation to any muni- cipal borough subject to the provisions of a Local Act requiring an annual revision of the lists of voters at muni- cipal elections, the register of voters made in conformity with the said provisions of such Local Act, and in relation to municipal boroughs to which Part II. of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1871, applies, the list to be made under the provisions of section twenty-seven of the said Act, and in relation to other municipal boroughs a list which the town clork of every municipal borough is hereby authorised and directed to make, in like manner in every respect as if the provisions of the said section were applicable to and in force within such municipal borough. The expression " county court " means the Civil Bill Court. The expression " town clerk " includes clerk to the commis- sioners, municipal commissioners, town commissioners, or township commissioners of any municipal borough, and any person executing the duties of such town clerk. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 695 The expression " council of the borough " includes commis- sioners, municipal commissioners, and town commissioners of the town, and township commissioners of the township. The expression " one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State " means the Chief Secretary of the Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland. SECOND SCHEDULE. Note. The forms contained in this schedule, or forms as nearly resembling the same as circumstances will admit, shall be used in all cases to which they refer and are applicable, and when so used shall be sufficient in law. Writ for a County or Borough at a Parliamentary Election. * Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, to the f of the county [or borough] of , greeting: $ Whereas by the advice- of our Council we have ordered a Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the day of next. We command you that, notice of the time and place of election being first duly given, you do cause election to be made according to law of members [or a member] to serve in Parliament for the said county [or the division of the said county, or the borough, or as the case may 6e] of and that you do cause the names of such members [or member] when so elected, whether they [or he] be present or absent, to be certified to us, in our Chancery, without delay. Witness ourself at Westminster, the day of in the year of our reign, and in the year of our Lord 18 . Label or direction of Writ. To the f of A writ of a new election of members [or member] for the said county [or division of a county or borough, or as the case may be']. Endorsement. Received the within writ on the day of 18 . (Signed) A. B., High Sheriff [or Sheriff, or Mayor, or as the case may be]. Certificate endorsed on the Writ. I hereby certify, that the members [or member] elected for in pursuance of the within-written writ, are [or is] 696 APPENDIX III. A. B. of in the county of and 0. D. of in the county of (Signed) A. B., High Sheriff \_or Sheriff, or Mayor, or as the case may be"]. Note. A separate writ will be issued for each county as denned for. the purposes of a parliamentary election. * The name of the Sovereign may be altered when necessary. t Insert " sheriff " or other returning officer. J This preamble to be omitted except iu ca-e of a general election. Except in a general election, insert here ''in the place of A. B., deceased," or otherwise, stating the cause of vacancy. Form of Notice of Parliamentary Election. The returning officer of the of will, on the day of now next ensuing, between the hours of and , proceed to the nomination, and, if there is no opposition, to the election, of a member [or members] for the said county [or division of a county or borough] at the *. Forms of nomination paper may be obtained at *, between the hours of and on Every nomination paper must be signed by two registered electors as proposer and seconder, and by eight other registered electors as assenting to the nomination. Every nomination paper must be delivered to the returning officer by the candidate proposed, or by his proposer and seconder, between the said hours of and on the said day of at the said *. Each candidate nominated, and his proposer and seconder, and one other person selected by the candidate, and no other persons, are entitled to be admitted to the room. In the event of the election being contested, the poll will take place on the day of (Signed) A. B., Sheriff [or Mayor, or as the case may be]. day of 18 . Take notice, that all persons who are guilty of bribery, treat- ing, undue influence, personation, or other corrupt practices at the said election will, on conviction of such offence, be liable to the penalties (u) mentioned in that behalf in " The Corrupt Prac- tices Prevention Act, 1854," and the Ballot Act, 1872, and the Acts amending the said Acts. * NOTE. Insert depcription of pKee and room. () See pp. 287 289, 293294, supra. BALLOT ACT, 1872. 697 Form of Nomination Paper in Parliamentary Election, We, the undersigned A. B. of in the of and 0. D. of in the of , being electors for the of , do hereby nominate the following person as a proper person to serve as member for the said in Parliament: Surname. BROWN Other Names. JOHN Abode. Rank Profession, or Occupation . 52, George St., i Merchant. Bristol. or JONES WILLIAM DAVID... High Elms, Wilts \ Esquire. or MERTON j Hon. GEORGE TRA- i Bwanworth, Berks : Viscount, vis, commonly i called Viscount. SMITH or HENRY SYDNEY. i 72, High St., Bath Attorney. (Signed) A. B. C.D. We, the undersigned, being registered electors of the , do hereby assent to the nomination of the above-mentioned John Brown as a proper person to serve as member for the said in Parliament. (Signed) E. F. of G. H. of I. J. of K. L. of M. N. of O. P. of Q. R. of S. T. of Note. Where a candidate is an Irish peer, or is commonly fcnown by some title, he may be described by his title a"s if it were his surname. Form of Nomination Paper in Municipal Election. Note. The form of nomination paper in a municipal election -shall as nearly as circumstances admit be the same as in the case of a parliamentary election. 698 APPENDIX III. Counterfoil No. NOTE: The counter- foil is to have a number to cor- respond tvith that on ihr back of the Ba lot Paper. Form of Ballot Paper. Form of Front of Ballot Paper. BROWN (John Brown, of 52, George St., Bristol , merchant. ) e*e m JONES (William David Jones, of High Elms, Wilts, Esq.) MEETON (Hon. George Travis, commonly called Viscount Morton, of Swanworth, Berks.) SMITH (Henry Sydney Smith, of 72, High Street, Bath, attorney.) No. Form of Back of Ballot Paper. Election for 18 county [or borough, or ward]. Note. The number on the ballot paper is to correspond with that in the counterfoil. Directions as to printing Ballot Paper. Nothing is to be printed on the ballot paper except in accor- dance with this schedule. The surname of each candidate, and if there are two or more candidates of the same surname, also the other names of such candidates, shall be printed in large characters, as shown in the form, and the names, addresses, and descriptions, and the number on the back of the paper, shall be printed in small characters. Form of Directions for the Guidance of the Voter in voting, which shall be printed in conspicuous Characters, and fflacarded outside every Polling Station and in every Com- partment of every Polling Station. The voter may vote for candidate The voter will go into one of the compartments, and, with the pencil provided in the compartment, place a cross on the right- hand side, opposite the name of each candidate for whom he votes, thus X BALLOT ACT, 1872. 699 The voter will then fold up the ballot paper so as to show the official mark on the back, and leaving the compartment will, without showing the front of the paper to any person, show the official mark on the back to the presiding officer, and then, in the presence of the presiding officer, put the paper into the ballot box, and forthwith quit the polling station. If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot paper, he can return it to the officer, who will, if satisfied of such inadvertence, give him another paper. It' the voter votes; for more than candidate , or places any mark on the paper by which he may be afterwards identified, his ballot paper will be void, and will not be counted. If the voter takes a ballot paper out of the polling station, or deposits in the ballot box any other paper than the one given him by the officer, he will be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subject to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months, with or without hard labour. Note. These directions shall be illustrated by examples of the ballot paper. Form of Statutory Declaration of Secrecy. I solemnly promise and declare, That I will not at this election for do anything forbidden by section four of The Ballot Act, 1872, which has been read to me. Note. The section must be read to the declarant by the person taking the declaration. Form of Declaration of inability to read. I, A. B., of , being numbered on the Register of Voters for the county [or borough] of , do hereby declare that I am unable to read. A. B., his mark. day of I, the undersigned, being the presiding officer for the polling station for the county [or borough] of , do hereby certify, that the above declaration, having been first read to the above-named A. B., was signed by him in my presence with his mark. (Signed) C.D., Presiding officer for polling station for the county \_or borough] of day of 700 APPENDIX III. THIED SCHEDULE. Provisions of Eegistration Acts referred to in Part III. of the foregoing Act. Session and Chapter. & 7 Viet, c. 18. Title. Part applied. As to England. An Act to amend the law for the Sections eighty- five to registration of persons entitled eighty-nine, both in- to vote, and to define certain elusive, rights of voting, and to re- gulate certain proceedings in the elections of members to serve in Parliament for England and Wales. 13 & 14 Viet, c. 69. As to Ireland. An Act to amend the laws which Sections ninety -two to regulate the qualification and registration of parliamentary voters in Ireland, and to alter the law for rating immediate lessors of premises to the poor rate in certain boroughs. ninety- six, both in- clusive. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS (RETURNING OFFICERS) ACT, 1875 (38 & 39 VICT. c. 84) (Z). An Act to regulate the Expenses and to control the Charges of Returning Officers at Parliamentary Elections. [13th August, 1875.] [Preamble.] 1. Construction of Act. The Ballot Act, 1872, as modified by this Act, and this Act shall be construed as one Act. This Act shall apply only to parliamentary elections (m). 2. Payments to returning officers. The returning officer at an election shall be entitled to his reasonable charges, not exceed- ing the sums mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act, in respect of services and expenses of the several kinds mentioned (I) Sects. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the above-mentioned Act and the schedules thereto are repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act, except so far as those sections and schedules apply to elections other than Parliamentary elections. The Act was made permanent by sect. 3o of the present Act. See p. 27^, supra. (m) See preceding footnote, and see also sect. 75 (17), (18), (19) of the Local Government Act, 1888, by which some of the provisions of the Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act, 187<% are applied to local government elections. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 187%. 701 in the said schedule, which have been properly rendered or incurred by him for the purposes of the election. The amount of such charges shall be paid by the candidates at the election in equal several shares, or where there is only one candidate, by such candidate. If a candidate is nominated with- out his consent, the persons by whom his nomination is subscribed shall be jointly and severally liable for the share of the charges for which he would be liable if he were nominated with his consent. A returning officer shall not be entitled to payment for any other services or expenses, or at any greater rates than as in the said schedule mentioned, any law or usage to the contrary not- withstanding (n}. 3. Returning officer may require deposit or security. The returning officer, if he think fit, may, as herein-after provided, require security to be given for the charges which may become payable under the provisions of this ,Act in respect of any election. The total amount of the security which may be required in respect of all the candidates at an election shall not in any case exceed the sums prescribed in the Third Schedule to this Act. Where security is required by the returning officer it shall be apportioned and given as follows; viz., (1) At the end of the two hours appointed for the election the- returning officer shall forthwith declare the number of the candidates who then stand nominated, and shall, if there be more candidates nominated than there are- vacancies to be filled up, apportion equally among them the total amount of the required security: (2) Within one hour after the end of the two hours aforesaid., security shall be given, by or in respect of each can- didate then standing nominated, for the amount so- apportioned to him: (3) If in the case of any candidate security is not given or tendered as herein mentioned, he shall be deemed to be withdrawn within the provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872: (4) A tender of security in respect of a candidate may be made by any person: (5) Security may be given by deposit of any legal tender or of notes of any bank being commonly current in the county or borough for which the election is held, or, with the consent of the returning officer, in any other manner: (6) The balance (if any) of a deposit beyond the amount to which the returning officer is entitled'in respect of any candidate shall be repaid to the person or persons by whom the deposit was made (o). 4. The accounts of a returning officer may be taxed. Within twenty-one days after the day on which the return is made of the persons elected at the election, the returning officer shall transmit to every candidate or other person from whom he claim? () See note ()}, p. 700, supra. (o] See note (;), p. 700, supm. APPENDIX III. payment either out of any deposit or otherwise of any charges in respect of the election, or to the agent for election expenses of any such candidate, a detailed account showing the amounts of all the charges claimed by the returning officer in respect of the election, and the share thereof which he claims from the person to whom the account is transmitted. He shall annex to the account a notice of the place where the vouchers relating to the account may be seen, and he shall at all reasonable times and without charge allow the person from whom payment is claimed, or any agent of such person, to inspect and take copies of the vouchers. The returning officer shall not be entitled to any charges which are not duly included in his account. If the person from whom payment is claimed objects to any part of the claim, he may, at any time within fourteen days from the time when the account is transmitted to him, apply to the court as defined in this section for a taxation of the account, and the court shall have jurisdiction to tax the account in such manner and at such time and place as the court thinks fit, and finally to determine the amount payable to the returning officer and to give and enforce judgment for the same as if such judg- ment were a judgment in an action in such court, and with or without costs at the discretion of the court. The court for the purposes of this Act shall be in the city of London the Lord Mayor's Court, and elsewhere in England the County Court, and in Ireland the Civil Bill Court, having juris- diction at the place of nomination for the election to which the proceedings relate. The court may depute any of its powers or duties under this Act to the registrar or other principal officer of the court. Nothing in this section shall apply to the charge of the return- ing officer for publication of accounts of election expenses (p}. 5. Claims against a returning officer. Every person having any claim against a returning officer for work, labour, materials, services, or expenses in respect of any contract made with him by -or on behalf of the returning officer for the purposes of an elec- tion, except for publication of accounts of election expenses, shall, within fourteen days after the day on which the return is made of the person or persons elected at the election, transmit to the returning officer the detailed particulars of such claim in writing, and the returning officer shall not be liable in respect of .anything which is not duly stated in such particulars. Where application is made for taxation of the accounts of a returning officer, he may apply to the court as defined in this Act to examine any claim transmitted to him by any person in pur- suance of this section, and the court after notice given to such person, and after hearing him, and any evidence tendered by him, may allow or disallow, or reduce the claim objected to, with or without costs, and the determination of the court shall be final for all purposes, and as against all persons (g). (p] See note (;), p. 700, supra. (q) See note (>), p. 700, supra. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 703 6. Use of ballot boxes, &c. provided for municipal elections. In any case to which the fourteenth section of the Ballot Act, 1872, is applicable, it shall be the duty of the returning officer, .so far as is practicable, to make use of ballot boxes, fittings, and compartments provided for municipal or school board elec- tions, and the court, upon taxation of his accounts, shall have regard to the provisions of this section. 7. Notices to be given by returning officers. There shall be added to every notice of election to be published under the pro- visions of the Ballot Act, 1872, the notification contained in the Second Schedule to this Act with respect to claims against return- ing officers (r). 8. Saving of the universities. Nothing in this Act shall apply to an election for any university or combination of universities. 10. Short title. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the " Parliamentary Elections (Eeturning Officers) Act, 1875." 11. Not to apply to Scotland. This Act shall not apply to Scotland. SCHEDULES (r). FIEST SCHEDULE. CHARGES OF RETURNING OFFICERS. The following are the maximum charges to be made by the returning officer, but the charges are in no case to exceed the sums actually and necessarily paid or payable. PART I. COUNTIES AND DISTRICT OR CONTRIBUTORY BOROUGHS. This Part of this Schedule applies to an election for a county, or for either of the boroughs of Aylesbury, Cricklade, Mon- mouth, East Retford, Stroud, and New Shoreham, or for any borough or burgh consisting of a combination of separate boroughs, burghs, or towns. For preparing and publishing the notice of election. For preparing and supplying the nomina- tion papers. For travelling to and from the place of nomination, or of declaring the poll at a contested election, per mile. For hire or necessary fitting up of rooms or buildings for polling, or damage or ex- penses by or for use of such rooms or buildings. & s. d. 220 1 1 .0 1 The necessary expenses, not exceeding at any one polling station the charge for constructing and fitting a polling- station. (r) See note (m), p. 700, supra. '04 APPENDIX III. FIRST SCHEDULE PART I. continued. For constructing a polling station, with its | fittings and compartments, in England, j And in Ireland the sum or sums pay- j able under the provisions of the 13th and 14th Victoria, chap. G8, and 35th and 36th Victoria, chap. 33. In Ireland the returning officer shall use a court house where one is avail- \ able as a polling station, and his I maximum charge for using and fit- j ting the same shall in no case ex- ceed three pounds three shillings. For each ballot box required to be pur- chased. For the use of each ballot box, when hired. For stationery at each polling station For printing and providing ballot papers, per thousand. For each stamping instrument s. d. 1 110 5 10 1 10 10 For copies of the register The sums payable by ! statute for the nece^- For each presiding officer For one clerk at each polling station where not more than 500 voters are assigned to such station. For an additional clerk at a polling station for every number of 500 voters, or frac- tion thereof beyond the first 500 assigned to such polling station. For every person employed in counting votes, not exceeding six such persons where the number of registered electors does not exceed 3,000, and one for every additional 2,000 electors. For making the return to the clerk of the Grown. For the preparation and publication of notices (other than the notice of election) . For conveyance of ballot boxes from the polling stations to the place where the ballot papers are to be counted, per mile. For professional and other assistance in and about the conduct of the election. sary copies. 330 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Not exceeding for the whole of such notices 20^., and II. for every additional 1,000 elec- tors above 3,000. 010 In a contested election not exceeding 25Z., and an additional 31. for every 1,000 registered electors or fraction thereof above 3,000 and up to 10,000, and 27. for every 1,000 or fraction thereof above 10,000. In an uncontested elec- tion, one fifth of the above sums. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 705 FIRST SCHEDULE PART I. continued. For travelling- expenses of presiding officers and clerks, per mile. For services and expenses in relation to receiving- and publishing accounts of election expenses, in respect of each can- didate. For all other expenses s. d. 1 220 In a contested election, not exceeding 10/., and an additional II. for every 1,000 electors or fraction thereof above 1,000. In an uncon- tested election, nil. NOTE. Travelling expenses are not to be allowed in the case of any person unless for distances exceeding two miles from the place "at which he resides. PART II. BOROUGHS. This Part of the Schedule applies to all boroughs not included in Part I. of this Schedule. For preparing and publishing the notice of election. For preparing and supplying the nomina- tion papers. For hire or necessary fitting up of rooms or buildings for polling, or damage or expenses by or for use of such rooms or buildings. In England, for constructing a polling station, with its fittings and compart- ments, not exceeding two in number. For each compartment required to be con- structed, when more than two be used. For the use of each compartment hired, when more than two are used. And in Ireland, in lieu of the charges payable in respect of the foregoing last three service?, the sum or sums payable under the provisions of 13th and 14th Victoria, chap. 68, and 35th and 36th Victoria, chap. 33. For each ballot box required to be pur- chased. For the use of each ballot box, when hired. For stationery at each polling station F. s. d. 220 110 The necessary expense?, not exceeding at any one polling station the charge for constructing and fitting a polling station. 770 110 050 1 1 050 10 45 706 APPENDIX III. FIRST SCHEDULE PART II. continued. For printing and providing ballot papers, per thousand. For each stamping instrument For copies of the register For each presiding officer For one clerk at each polling station where not more than 500 voters are assigned to such station. For an additional clerk at a polling station for every number of 500 voters, or frac- tion thereof beyond the first 500 assigned to such station. For every person employed in counting votes, not exceeding six such persons where the number of registered electors I does not exceed 3,000, and one for every ' additional 2,000 electors. For making the return to the clerk of the Crown. For the preparation and publication of notices (other than the notice of election) . &r professional and other assistance in and about the conduct of the election. For services and expenses in relation to ! receiving and publishing accounts of i election expenses, in respect of each can- I didate. For all other expenses ,e x. <$. i 10 o 10 The sums payable by statute for the neces- sary copies. 330 1 1 1 1 110 110 Not exceeding for the whole of such notices 10/., and 17. for every additional 1,000 elec- tors above 1,000. In a contested election, not _ exceeding 20?., an additional 11. for every 1,000 registered elec- tors or fraction thereof above 1,000 and up to 10,000, and 17. addi- tional for every 1,000 or fraction thereof above 10,000. In an un- contested election one fifth of the above sum. 1 1 Not exceeding 10/., and an additional 17. for every 1,000 electors above the first 1,000. NOTE to PARTS I. and II. of SCHEDULE I. The above sums are the aggregate charges, the amount of which is to be appor- tioned among the several candidates or other persons liable for the same. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 707 SECOND SCHEDULE O). 1. NOTIFICATION TO BE ADDED TO THE NOTICE OF ELECTION. Take notice, that by the Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act, 1875, it is provided that every person having any claim against a returning officer for work, labour, materials, services, or expenses in respect of any contract made with him l)y or on behalf of the returning officer, for the purposes of an election (except for publications of account of election expenses), shall, within fourteen days after the day on which the return is made of the person or persons elected at the election, transmit to the returning officer the detailed particulars of such claim in writing, and the returning officer shall not be liable in respect of anything which is not duly stated in such particulars. THIRD SCHEDULE O). MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SECURITY WHICH MAY BE REQUIRED BY A RETURNING OFFICER. Where the registered electors do not exceed 1,000. Wliere the registered electors exceed 1,000 but do not exceed 2,000. Where the registered electors exceed 2,000 but do not exceed 4,000. Where the registered electors exceed 4,000 but do not exceed 7,000. Where the registered electors exceed 7,000 but do not exceed 10,000. Where the registered electors exceed 10,000 but do not exceed 15,000. Where the registered electors exceed 15,000 but do not exceed 20,000. Where the registered electors exceed 20,000 but do not exceed 30,000. Where the registered electors exceed 30,000.... County or District of Contributory Borous-h. 150 200 275 400 550 700 800 900 1,000 Borough. e 100 150 200 250 300 450 500 600 700 If at the end of the two hours appointed for the election, not more candidates stand nominated than there are vacancies to be filled up, the maximum amount which may be required is one fifth of the maximum according to the above scale. (m) See note (*), p. 700, supra. 45(2) 708 APPENDIX III. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS, RETURNING OFFICERS EXPENSES (SCOTLAND) ACT, 1878 (41 & 42 VICT. c. 41) (w). An Act to enable Returning Officers at Parliamentary Elections in Scotland to require Security for their Expenses; and otherwise to amend the Law of Scotland relating to such Expenses. [8th August, 1878.] [Preamble. J 1. Short title and construction of Act. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the Parliamentary Elections, Returning Officers Expenses (Scotland) Act, 1878, and the Ballot Act, 1872, as modified by this Act, and this Act shall be construed as one Act. 2. Extent of Act. This Act shall extend to Scotland only, and only to parliamentary elections. 3. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act(o}.~\ 4. Use of ballot boxes, &c. provided for municipal elections. In any case to which the fourteenth section of the Ballot Act, 1872, is applicable, it shall be the duty of the returning officer, so far as is practicable, to make use of ballot boxes, fittings, and compartments provided for municipal or school board elec- tions, and the court, upon taxation of his accounts, shall have regard to the provisions of this section. 5. Saving of the universities. Nothing in this Act shall apply to an election for any university or combination of universities. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1880 (43 VICT. c. 18)(/?). An Act to amend the Law relating to the Conveyance of Voters to the Poll, and to continue the Acts relating to the Pre- vention of Corrupt Practices at Parliamentary Elections and the Acts relating to Election Petitions. [24th March, 1880.] [Preamble.] 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Parliamentary Elections and Corrupt Practices Act, 1880. 2. Repeal of s. 36 of 30 & 31 Viet. c. 102, as to payment of expenses of conveyance of voters. The thirty-sixth section of the [Representation of the PeopH Act, 1867, shall be repealed so far as concerns the conveyance of voters within any borough. (n) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the Representation of the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. (o) See pp. 337, 397, supra. (p) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the Representation of the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1880. '09 3. Amendment of law as to parliamentary elections in Scot- land. In all elections whatever of a member or members to serve in Parliament for any county, division of a county, or for any city or burgh, or district of burghs, in Scotland, no inquiry shall be permitted at the time of polling as to the right of any person to vote, except only as follows; (that is to say,) that the presiding officer or clerk appointed by the returning officer to attend at a polling station shall, if required on behalf of any candidate, put to any voter at the time of his tendering his vote, and not afterwards, the following questions, or either of them: 1. Are you the same person whose name appears as A. B. on the register of voters now in force for the county of [or for the division of the county of ], or for the city [or burgh] of , or for the district of burghs [as the case may &e]? 2. Have you already voted, either here or elsewhere, at this election for the county of [or for the division of the county of ], or for the city [or burgh] of , or for the "district of burghs [as the case f may be~]? And if any person shall wilfully make a false answer to either of the questions aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a crime and offence within the meaning of the Ballot Act, 1872. 4. Continuance of Acts. This Act and the Acts mentioned in the Schedule to this Act, so far as they are unrepealed, shall continue in force until the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one, and any enactments amending or affecting the enactments continued by this Act shall, in so far as they are temporary in their duration, be continued in like manner. SCHEDULE . ACTS KEFEKEED TO. Session and Chapter. Title. The Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854. An Act to continue and amend the Corrupt 17 & 18 Viet. c. 102. 21 & 22 Viet. c. 87. Practices Prevention Act, 1854. 26 & 27 Viet. c. 29. ] An Act to amend and continue the Law relating to Corrupt Practices at Elections of Members of Parliament. 31 & 32 Viet. c. 125. The Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868. 32 & 33 Viet. c. 21. 34 & 35 Viet. c. 61. 42 & 43 Viet. c. 7.5. The Corrupt Practices Commission Expenses Act, 1869. The Election Commissioners Expenses Act, 1871. The Parliamentary Elections and Corrupt Practices Act, 1879. 710 APPENDIX III. COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEACTICES PEE- VENTION ACT, 1883 (45 & 46 VICT. c. 51) (p). An Act for the better prevention of Corrupt and Illegal Practices at Parliamentary Elections. [25th August, 1883.] [Pr earn ble.] COBBUPT PRACTICES. 1. What is treating () The definition of undue influence given in this section is set out on. p. 292, supra. CQKRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 711 corrupt practice in reference to such election, that candidate shall not be capable of being elected to or sitting in the House of Commons for such county or borough for seven years after the date of the report, and if he has been elected his election shall be void. 6. Punishment of person convicted on indictment of corrupt practices (#). ILLEGAL PRACTICES (u). [Sects. 712.] 12. Extension of 15 & 16 Viet. c. 57, respecting electio'n commissioners to illegal practices . ILLEGAL PAYMENT, EMPLOYMENT, AND HIRING (#). [Sects. 1321.] EXCUSE AND EXCEPTION FOR CORRUPT OR ILLEGAL PRACTICE on ILLEGAL PAYMENT, EMPLOYMENT, OR HIRING (y}. 22. Report exonerating candidate in certain cases of corrupt and illegal \practice by agents (2) . 23. Power of High Court and election court to except innocent act from being illegal practice (a]. ELECTION EXPENSES. [Sects. 2435.] 24. Nomination of election agent. (1) On or before the day of nomination at an election, a person shall be named by or on behalf of each candidate as his agent for such election (in this Act referred to as the election agent). (2) A candidate may name himself as election agent, and thereupon shall, so far as circumstances admit, be subject to the provisions of this Act both as a candidate and as an election agent, and any reference in this Act to an election agent shall be construed to refer to the candidate acting in his capacity of election agent. (3) On or before the clay of nomination the name and address of the election agent of each candidate shall be declared in writing by the candidate or some other person on his behalf to the returning officer, and the returning officer shall forthwith give public notice of the name and address of every election agent so declared. (4) One election agent only shall be appointed for each can- didate, but the appointment, whether the election agent appointed t] See pp. 27427"), supra, where sect. 6 (1), (3), (4), are set out, and pp. 287. 288. where the effect of sect. 6 (2) is given. if Fur a list of these, see pp. 294 299, supra. (x) As to what constitutes illegal payment, employment, and hiring- respectively, see pp. 299300, 300301, and 301302, supra, respectively' (7/1 As to this, see the Author's " Law of Parliamentary Elections and Election Petitions," 2nd ed., pp. 178187. {z} Ititl. p. 178181. (a Mid. p. 181187. 712 APPENDIX III. be the candidate himself or not, may be revoked, and in the event of such revocation or his death, whether such event is before, during, or after the election, then forthwith another election agent shall be appointed, and his name and address declared in writing to the returning officer, who shall forthwith give public notice of the same. 25. Nomination of deputy election agent as sub-agent. 26. Office of election agent and sub-agent. 27. Malting of contracts through election agent. 28. Payment of expenses through election agent. 29. Period for sending in claims and making payments for election expenses. 30. Reference to taxation of claim against candidates. 31. Personal expenses of candidate and petty expenses. (1) The candidate at an election may pay any personal expenses incurred by him on account of or in connexion with or incidental to such election to an amount not exceeding one hundred pounds, but any further personal expenses so incurred by him shall be paid by his election agent. (2) The candidate shall send to the election agent within the time limited by this Act for sending in claims a written state- ment of the amount of personal expenses paid as aforesaid by such candidate. (3) Any person may, if so authorised in writing by the election agent of the candidate, pay any necessary expenses for stationery, postage, -telegrams, and other petty expenses, to a total amount- not exceeding that named in the authority, but any excess above the total amount so named shall be paid by the election agent. (4) A statement of the particulars of payments made by any person so authorised shall be sent to the election agent within the time limited by this Act for the sending in of claims, and shall be vouched for by a bill containing the receipt of that person . 32. Remuneration of election agent . . . . (1) So far as cir- cumstances admit, this Act shall apply to a claim for his remu- neration by an election agent and to the payment thereof in like manner as if he were any other creditor, and if any difference arises respecting the amount of such claim the claim shall be a disputed claim within the meaning of this Act, and be dealt with accordingly. (2) ... ($. 33. Return and declaration (c) respecting election ex- penses (d) . 34. Authorised excuse for non-compliance ivith provisions as to return and declaration respecting election expenses. 35. Publication of summary of return of election expenses (d). (b) Repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337. /;:r, and p. 398. supra. (c) The effect of part of this section is given on p. 264, iwprct. (d) As to repeal of part of this section by Ihe present Art, see i-eet. 47 (1), p. 337, wpra, and p. 398, supra. CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 713 DISQUALIFICATION OF ELECTORS. 36. Prohibition of persons guilty of corrupt or illegal prac- tices, &c. from voting. Every person guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice or of illegal employment, payment, or hiring at an election is prohibited from voting at such election, and if any such person votes his vote shall be void. 37. Prohibition of disqualified persons from voting. Every person who, in consequence of conviction or of the report of any election court or election commissioners under this Act, or under the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872, or under Part IV. of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, or under any other Act for the time being in force relating to corrupt practices at an election for any public office, has become incapable of voting at any election, whether a parliamentary election or an election to any public office, is prohibited from voting at any such election, and his vote shall be void. 38. Hearing of person before he is reported guilty of corrupt or illegal practice, and incapacity of person reported guilty (e). 39. List in register of voters of persons incapacitated for voting by corrupt or illegal practices. (1) The registration officer in every county and borough .shall annually make out a list [containing the names and description of all persons who, though otherwise qualified to vote at a parliamentary election for such county or borough respectively, are not capable of voting by reason of having after the commencement of this Act been found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice on conviction or by the report of any election court or election commissioners whether under this Act, or under Part IV. of the Municipal Cor- porations Act, 1882, or under any other Act for the time being in force relating to a parliamentary election or an election to any public office; and such officer shall state in the list (in this Act referred to as the corrupt and illegal practices list), the offence of which each person has been found guilty. (2) Por the purpose of making out such list he shall examine the report of any election court or election commissioners who have respectively tried an election petition or inquired into an election where the election (whether a parliamentary election or an election to any public office) was held in any of the following places; that is to say, (a) if he is the registration officer of a county, in that county, or in any borough in that county; and (b) if he is the registration officer of a borough, in the county in which such borough is situate, or in any borough in that countjr. (3) (/).-. (4) Any person named in the corrupt and illegal practices list may claim to have his name omitted therefrom, ana any person entitled to object to any list of voters for the county or "borough may object to the omission of the name of any person from such list. Such claims and objections shall be sent in within the same time and be dealt with in like manner, and any such objec- (e) For the effect of part of sub- Beet. (5) of this section, see p. 7, mpi'f. (/) This sub-section is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1 ;, p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. 714 APPENDIX III. tion shall bo served on the person referred to therein in liko manner, as nearly as circumstances admit, as other claims and objections under the enactments relating to the registration of parliamentary electors. ***** (8) The corrupt and illegal practices list shall be appended to the register of electors, and shall be printed and published there- with wherever the same is printed or published. PROCEEDINGS ON ELECTION PETITION. [Sects. 4044.] 40. Time for presentation of election petitions alleging illegal practice. 41. Withdrawal of election petition. 42. Continuation of trial of election petition. 43. Attendance of Director of public prosecutions on trial of election petition, and prosecution by him of offenders. 44. Power to election court to order payment by county or borough or individual of costs of election petition. MISCELLANEOUS. 46. Removal of incapacity on proof that it was procured by perjury. 47. K) V- : 48. Conveyance of voters by sea in certain cases. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. 50. Trial in Central Criminal Court of indictment for corrupt practice at instance of Attorney-General. 51. Limitation of time for prosecution of offence. 52. Persons charged with corrupt practice may be found guilty of illegal practice. 54. Prosecution on summary conviction, and appeal to quarter sessions. (1) All offences under this Act punishable on sum- mary conviction may be prosecuted in manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts. (2) A person aggrieved by a conviction by a court of summary jurisdiction for an offence under this Act may appeal to general or quarter sessions against such conviction. SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS, SAVINGS, AND REPEAL. 59. Obligation of witness to answer, and certificate of indemnity. 61. Breach of duty by, officer. (1) Section eleven of the Ballot Act, 1872, shall apply to a returning officer or presiding officer 01* iclcrk who is guilty of any wilful misfeasance or wilful act or omission in contravention of this Act in like manner as if the same were in contravention of the Ballot Act, 1872. (2) Section ninety-seven of the Parliamentary Registration Act, 1843, shall apply to every registration officer who is guilty of any wilful misfeasance or wilful act of commission or omission (gr) This section is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 715 contrary to this Act in like manner as if the same were contrary to the Parliamentary Kegistration Act, 1843. 62. Publication and service of notices. 63. Definition of candidate, and saving for persons nominated without consent. (1) In the Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts, as amended by this Act, the expression u candidate at an elec- tion ' and the expression " candidate " respectively mean, unless the context otherwise requires, any person elected to serve in Parliament at such election, and any person who is nominated as a candidate at such election, or is declared by himself or by others to be a candidate, on or after the day of the issue of the writ for such election, or after the dissolution or vacancy in consequence of which such writ has been issued; (2) Provided that where a person has been nominated as a candidate or declared to be a candidate by others, then (a) If he was so nominated or declared without his consent, nothing in this Act shall be construed to impose any liability on such person, unless he has afterwards given his assent to such nomination or declaration or has been elected; and (b) If he was so nominated or declared, either without his consent or in his absence and he takes no part in the election, he may, if he thinks fit, make the declaration respecting election expenses contained in the second part of the Second Schedule to this Act, and the election agent shall, so far as circumstances admit, comply with the provisions of this Act with respect to expenses incurred on account of or in respect of the conduct or manage- ment of the election in like manner as if the candidate had been nominated or declared with his consent. 64. Genera! interpretation of terms (h}. APPLICATION OF ACT TO SCOTLAND. 68 (/O- This Act shall apply to Scotland, with the following modifications: ***** The expression >; Summary Jurisdiction Acts " shall mean the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts 1864 and 1881 and any Acts amending the same. (4) The jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice under this Act shall, in Scotland, be exercised by one of the Divisions of the Court of Session, or by a judge of the said court to whom the same may be remitted by such division, and subject to an appeal thereto, and the Court of Session shall have power to make Acts of seder unt for the purposes of this Act. (6) All offences under this Act punishable on summary convic- tion may be prosecuted in the sheriff court in manner provided by tht.- Summary Jurisdiction Acts, and all necessary jurisdictions are hereby conferred on sheriffs. (/<) As to repeal of part of this section, by present p. 337, supra, and p. 398, xvpra. Act, see sect. 47 1), 716 APPENDIX III. (7) The authority given by this Act to the Director of public prosecutions in England shall in Scotland be exercised by Her Majesty's advocate, and the reference to the Prosecution of Offences Act, 1879, shall not apply. APPLICATION OF ACT TO IRELAND. 69. Application of Act to Ireland. This Act shall apply to Ireland, with the following modifications: ***** (2) The expression " Summary Jurisdiction Acts " means, with reference to the Dublin Metropolitan Police District, the Acts regulating the powers and duties of justices of the peace and of the police in such district; and with reference to other parts of Ireland means the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851, and any Acts amending the said Act. (3) Section one hundred and three of the Act of the session of the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter sixty-nine, shall be sub- stituted for section ninety-seven of the Parliamentary Registration Act, 1843, where reference is made to that section in this Act. (4) The provision with respect to the registration officer send- ing the corrupt and illegal practices list to overseers and the dealing with such list by overseers shall not apply, and in lieu thereof it is hereby enacted that the regis- tration officer shall, after making out such list, himself publish the same(i). (5) The Supreme Court of Judicature in Ireland shall be sub- stituted for the Supreme Court of Judicature. (6) The High Court of Justice in Ireland shall be substituted for the High Court of Justice in England. (8) The Attorney-General for Ireland shall be substituted for the Director of Public Prosecutions, and the reference to the Prosecution of the Offences Act, 1879, shall not 10) Any reference to Part IV. of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, shall be construed to refer to the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872. SCHEDULES. EIRST SCHEDULE (0- (i) For repeal in this sub-section, see sect. 47 (1) of the present Act, p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. (k) This sub-section is repealed by present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. (1} This schedule, with the substitutions and alterations in Parts IV. and V. introduced by sect. 33 (1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, is set out on pp. 224230, supra. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896. 717 SECOND SCHEDULE. FORMS OF DECLARATIONS AS TO EXPENSES (ra). THIRD SCHEDULE. *****; PART THREE. ENACTMENTS DEFINING THE OFFENCES OF BRIBERY (n) AND PERSONATION (o). The Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854, 17 & 18 Viet. c. 102, ss. 2, 3O). LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896 (59 VICT. c. !)(. An Act to continue temporarily certain Powers for the Removal of Difficulties at Elections under the Local Government Act, 1894. [6th March, 1896.] [Preamble.^ 1. Power of county council to remove difficulties. (1) If any difficulty arises with respect to any election of parish or district councillors or of guardians, or to the first meeting after any ordinary election of such councillors or guardians, or if, from an election not being held, or being defective, or otherwise, the council or board has not been properly constituted, the county council may by order make any appointment or do anything which appears to them necessary or expedient for the proper holding of any such election or meeting, and properly consti- tuting the council or board, and may, if it appears to them neces- sary, direct the holding of an election or meeting, and fix the dates for any such election or meeting. (2) Any such order may modify the provisions of the Local Government Act, 1894, and the enactments applied by, or rules framed under, that Act, so far as may appear to the county council necessary or expedient for carrying the order into effect. (3) A county council may delegate their powers under this section to a committee. 3. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Local Govern- ment (Elections) Act, 1896. // As to these, see the Author's "Law of Parliamentary Elections and Election Petitions," 2nd ed., pp. 136139, 339342. () For definition of bribery, see pp. 289 291, supra. (0} For definition of personation, see pp. 287 289, supra. (p] The provisions of these sections are set out on pp. 289 291, supra. (q) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the present Act.. See p. 278, supra. 718 APPENDIX IV. APPENDIX IV. DRAFT RULES AS TO PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. COPY OF DRAFT EULES (a) PBE8CEIBING THE METHOD OF VOTING AND TRANSFER- RING AND COUNTING VOTES AT ANY ELECTION ACCORDING TO THE PRIN- CIPLE OF THE SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE. [Cd. 8768.] I. PARLIAMENT AEY ELECTIONS (SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE) RULES. [NOTE. These rules have been drawn in a general form in -order to show the principles to be followed. They will require modification if the single transferable vote is only to be used at university elections. ,] 1. Conduct of election. At a parliamentary 'election, where there are two or more members to be elected, any election of the full number of members shall be conducted in accordance with the following rules, as illustrated in the First Schedule thereto. 2. Method of voting. (1) Every elector shall have one vote only. (2) An elector in giving his vote (a) must place on his ballot paper the figure 1 in the square opposite the name of the candidate for whom he votes ; (b) may in addition place on his ballot paper the figure 2 or the figures 2 and 3, or 2, 3, and 4, and so on in the squares opposite the names of other candidates in the order of his preference. 3. The forms contained in the Second Schedule to these rules shall be substituted for the forms of front of ballot paper and of directions for the guidance of the voter container! in the Second Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872. (a) These Draft Rules (Parliamentary Paper Cd. 8768) were presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty in 1917, and although they were not made the subject of an Order in Council, they are valuable as explaining the working of the system of Proportional Representation. DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 719 4. Invalid ballot papers. A ballot paper shall be invalid on which (a) the figure 1 is not marked; or (b) the figure 1 is set opposite the name of more than one candidate ; or (c) the figure 1 and some other figure is set opposite the name of the same candidate; or (d) any mark is made not authorised by the Ballot Act, 1872, as modified by this Act. 4A. Arrangement of ballot papers. After the ballot papers have been mixed, in accordance with the rules contained in the First Schedule of the Ballot Act, 1872, the returning officer shall examine the ballot papers and, after rejecting any that are invalid, shall arrange the remainder in parcels according to the first preferences recorded for each candidate. 5. Counting of votes. The returning officer shall then count the number of papers in each parcel, and credit each candidate with one vote in respect of each valid paper on which a first pre- ference has been recorded for him, and he shall ascertain the total number of valid papers. 6. Ascertainment of quota. The returning officer shall then divide the total number of valid papers by a number exceeding by one the number of vacancies to be filled, and the result in- <'ivtised by one, disregarding any fractional remainder, shall be the number of votes sufficient to secure the return of a candidate (hereinafter called the "quota"). 7. Candidates with quota elected. If at any time the number of votes credited to a candidate is equal to or greater than the quota, that candidate shall be declared elected. 8. Transfer of surplus. (1) If at any time the number of votes credited to a candidate is greater than the quota, the surplus shall bo transferred in accordance with the provisions of this rule to the continuing candidates indicated on the ballot papers in the parcel of the elected candidate as being next in order of the voters' preference. (2) (a) If the votes credited to an elected candidate consist of original votes only, the returning officer shall examine all the papers in the parcel of the elected candidate whose surplus is to br> transferred and shall arrange the transferable papers in sub- parcels according to the next preferences recorded thereon. (b) If the votes credited to an elected candidate consist of original and transferred votes, or of transferred votes only, the returning officer shall examine the papers contained in the sub- parcel last received by the elected candidate and shall arrange the transferable papers therein in further sub-parcels according 1 to the next preferences recorded thereon. (c) In either case the returning officer shall make a separate sub-parcel of the non-transferable papers and shajl ascertain the number of papers in each sub-parcel of transferable papers and in the sub-parcel of non- transferable papers. (3) If the total number of papers in the sub-parcels of trans- ferable papers is equal to or less than the surplus, the returning officer shall transfer each sub-parcel of transferable paper? to 720 APPENDIX IV. the continuing candidate indicated thereon as the voters' next preference. (4) (a) If the total number of transferable papers is greater than the surplus, the returning officer shall transfer from each sub-parcel the number of papers which bears the same proportion to the number of papers in the sub-parcel as the surplus bears to the total number of transferable papers. (b) The number of papers to be transferred from each sub- parcel shall be ascertained by multiplying the number of papers in the sub-parcel by the surplus and dividing the result by the total number of transferable papers. A note shall be made of the fractional parts, if any, of each number so ascertained. (c) If, owing to the existence of such fractional parts, the number of papers to be transferred is less than the surplus so many of these fractional parts taken in the order of their magni- tude, beginning with the largest, as are necessary to make the total number of papers to be transferred equal to the surplus, shall be reckoned as of the value of unity, and the remaining fractional parts shall be ignored. (d) The particular papers to be transferred from each sub- parcel shall be those last filed in the sub-parcel. (e) Each paper transferred shall be marked in such a manner as to indicate the candidate from and to whom the transfer is made . (5) (a) If more than one candidate has a surplus, the largest surplus shall be first dealt with. (b) If two or more candidates have each the same surplus, regard shall be had to the number of original votes obtained by each candidate, and the surplus of the candidate credited with the largest number of original votes shall be first dealt with, and, if the numbers of the original votes are equal, the returning officer shall decide which surplus he will first deal with. (c) The returning officer need not transfer the surplus of an elected candidate when that surplus together with any other surplus not transferred does not exoeed the difference between the totals of the votes credited to the two continuing candidates lowest on the poll. 9. Exclusion of candidates lowest on the pvll (1) If at any time no candidate has a surplus (or when under the preceding rule any existing surplus need not be transferred), and one or more vacancies remain unfilled, the returning officer shall exclude from the poll the candidate credited with the lowest number of votes, and shall examine all the papers of that candidate> and shall arrange the transferable papers in sub-parcels according to the next preferences recorded thereon for continuing can- didates, and shall transfer each sub-parcel to the candidate for whom that preference is recorded. (2) If the total of the votes of the two or more candidates lowest on the poll, together with any surplus votes not trans- ferred, is less than the votes credited to the next highest can- didate, the returning officer may in one operation exclude those candidates from the poll and transfer their votes in accordance with the preceding regulation. (3) If, when a candidate has to be excluded under this rule,. DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 721 two or more candidates have each the same number of votes and are lowest on the poll, regard shall be had to the number of original votevS credited to each of those candidates, and the can- didate with fewest original votes shall be excluded, and, where the numbers of the original votos are equal, regard shall bt* had to the total number of votes credited to those candidates at the first transfer at which they had an unequal number of votes, and the candidate with the lowest number of votes at that transfer shall be excluded, and, where the numbers of votes credited to those candidates were equal at all transfers, the returning officer shall decide which shall be excluded. 10. Disposal of papers after any transfer. (1) Whenever any transfer is made under any of the preceding rules, each sub- parcel of papers transferred shall be added to the parcel, if any, of papers of the candidate to whom the transfer is made, and that candidate shall be credited with one vote in respect of each paper transferred. Such papers as are not transferred shall be/ set aside as finally dealt with, and the votes given thereon shall thenceforth not be taken into account. (2) If after any transfer a candidate has a surplus, that surplus shall- be dealt with in accordance with and subject to the- provisions contained in Rule 5 before any other candidate is excluded . 11. Filling the last vacancies. (1) When the number of con- tinuing candidates is reduced to the number of vacancies remain- ing unfilled, the continuing candidates shall be declared elected. (2) When only one vacancy remains unfilled, and the votos of some one continuing candidate exceed the total of all the votes of the other continuing candidates, together with any surplus not transferred, that candidate shall be declared elected. (3) When the last vacancies can be filled under this rule, no further transfer of votes need be made. 12. Public notice of the result o/ 'the election. The returning officer shall record and give public notice of any transfer of! votes made under these rules, and of the total number of votes credited to each candidate after any such transfer, in addition to the particulars prescribed by Rule 45 to the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872. Such public notice may be in accordance with the form given in the appendix to these rules. 13. Provision for recount*.. (1) Any candidate or his agent may, at any time during the counting of the votes, either before the" commencement or after the completion of any transfer of votes (whether surplus or otherwise), request the returning officer to re-examine and recount the papers of all or any candidates (not being papers set aside at any previous transfer as finally dealt with), and the returning officer shall forthwith re-examine and recount the same accordingly. The returning officer may also at his discretion recount votes either once or more often in any case in which he is not satisfied as to the accuracy of any previous count: Provided that nothing herein shall make it obligatory, on the returning officer to recount the same votes more than once. (2) If upon an election petition (i) any ballot papers counted by the returning officer are rejected as invalid, or F. 4fi 722 APPENDIX IV. (ii) any ballot papers rejected by the returning officer are declared valid, the court may direct the whole or any part of the ballot papers to be recounted and the result of the election ascertained in accor- dance with those rules. (3) On any recount, subject to such modifications as may be necessary by reason of any error in the original count, each^ paper shall take the same course as at the original count. 14. Determination of questions arising from transfers of votes. (1) If any question shall arise in relation to any transfer of votes, the decision of the returning officer, whether expressed or implied by his acts, shall be final unless an objection is made by any candidate or his agent before the declaration of the poll, and in that event the decision of the returning officer may be reversed upon an election petition. (2) If any decision of the returning officer is so reversed, the transfer in question and all operations subsequent thereto shall be void and the court shall direct what transfer is to be made in place of the transfer in question, and shall cause the subsequent operations to be carried out and the result of the election to be ascertained in accordance with these rules. 15. Definitions. In these rules (1) The expression " continuing candidate " means any can- didate not elected and not excluded from the poll : (2) The expression " first preference " means the figure " 1 " ; the expression " second preference " means the figure " 2 " ; and the expression " third preference " means the figure " 3," set opposite the name of any candidate, and so on: (3) The expression " transferable paper " means a ballot paper on which a second or subsequent preference is recorded for a continuing candidate: (4) The expression " non-transferable paper " means a ballot paper on which no second or subsequent preference is recorded for a continuing candidate: Provided that a paper shall be deemed to bo a non- transferable paper in any case in which (a) The names of two or more candidates (whether continuing or not) are marked with the same figure, and are next in order of preference; or (b) The name of the candidate next in order of preference (whether continuing or not) is marked (i) by a figure not following consecutively after some other figure on the ballot paper; or (ii) by two or more figures: (5) The expression " original vote " in regard to any can- didate means a vote derived from a ballot paper on which a first preference is recorded for that candidate: (6) The expression " transferred vote " in regard to any candidate, means a vote derived from a ballot paper on which a second or subsequent preference is recorded for that candidate: (7) The expression " surplus " means the number of votes by which the total number of the votes, original and DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 723 transferred, credited to any candidate, exceeds the quota. 16. Construction. These rules shall be construed as one with the Ballot Act, 1872, and that Act shall, in cases to which these rules are applicable, have effect subject to these rules. 17. Short title.. These rules may be cited as the Parliamentary Elections (Single Transferable Vote) Rules, 1917. SCHEDULES, FIRST SCHEDULE. EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTION CONDUCTED ON THE SYSTEM OF THE SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE SET OUT ABOVE. Let it be assumed that there are five members to be elected, and that there are ten candidates, A, B, 0, D, E, P, Q-, H, I, K. Arrangement of ballot ywpers (Rule 3). The ballot papers are examined, and the valid papers are arranged in separate parcels under the names of the candidates marked with the figure 1. Counting the votes (Rule 5). Each separate parcel is counted, and each candidate is credited with one vote in respect of each paper on which a first preference has been recorded for him. The result of the count may be supposed to be as follows: Votes. A 2,009 B 952 939 D 746 E 493 P 341 G 157 H 152 1 118 K . .... 93 Total 6,000 The Quota. Ascertainment of quota (Rule 6). It is found that the total of all the valid votes is 6,000. This total is divided by six (i.e., the number which exceeds by one the number of vacancies to be filled), and 1,001 (i.e., the quotient 1,000 increased by one) is the " quota," or the number of votes sufficient to elect a member. Candidate with quota elected (Rule 7). A's votes exceed the quota, and he is declared elected. First Transfer. Transfer of surplus votes of elected candidate (Rule 8). A has 1,008 surplus votes (i.e., A's total 2,009, less the quota 1,001), and it is necessary to transfer this surplus (Rule 8 (1)). 46(2) 'S. 724 APPENDIX IV. All A's 2,009 papers are examined and arranged in separate sub-parcels according to the second preferences indicated thereon (EuleS (2) (a)). A separate sub-parcel is also formed of those papers on which no further available preference, i.e., no further preference for any continuing candidate, is shown, and which are therefore not transferable (Rule 8 (2) (c)). The result is found to be as follows: A next available preference is shown for D on 257 papers. A next available preference is shown for E on 11 papers. A next available preference is shown for 3? on 28 papers. A next available preference is shown for G- on 1,708 papers. Total of transferable papers ............ 2,004 papers Total of non-transferable papers ..... 5 papers Total of A's papers ......... 2,009 Proportion of papers to be transferred (Rule 8 (4) (a)). Since the total number of transferable papers (2,004) exceeds the surplus (1,008), only a portion of each sub-parcel can be trans- ferred, and 'the number of papers to be transferred from each sub- parcel must bear the same proportion to the total number of papers in the sub-parcel as that which the surplus bears to the total number of transferable papers. How numbers to be transferred are ascertained (Eule 8 (4)(b)). In other words, the number of papers to be transferred from each sub-parcel is ascertained by multiplying the number of papers in the sub-parcel by 1,008 (the surplus), and dividing the result by 2,004 (the total number of transferable papers). The process is as follows: D's sub-parcel contains 257 papers, and his share of the surplus is, therefore: 257 X-^ 008 or 129 ^ 2,004 2,004 E's sub-parcel contains 11 papers, and his share of the surplus is, therefore: 2,004 2,004 F's sub-parcel contains 28 papers, and his share of the surplus is, therefore: _ 2,004 2,004 G's sub-parcel contains 1,708 papers, and his share of the surplus is, therefore: 1,708 X ^ or 859 JL 2 * 2,004 2,004 Total.. . 1,008 DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION 725 Treatment of fractions in transferring surplus votes (Rule 8 (4) (c)). The numbers of papers to be transferred as deter- mined by the preceding process contain fractions, and, since only whole papers can be transferred, so many of the largest of these fractions, taken in order of their magnitude, as will make the total number of papers to be transferred equal to the surplus are reckoned as of the value of unity. Thus, as the whole numbers determined above amount to only 1.007, viz., (129 4- 5 -f- 14 + 859), or one short of the surplus 1 068 1.008, the largest fraction .- - is reckoned as unity, and the 2,004 numbers of papers to be transferred are as follows: To D 129 papers. To E 6 papers. To F 14 papers. To G 859 papers. Total, being A's surplus 1,008 papers. Selection and marking of papers to be transferred (Rule 8 (4) (d) and (e)). The particular papers to be transferred to D, E, F, and G are those last filed in their respective sub-parcels, and, therefore, at the top of the sub-parcels. The papers to be transferred are to be marked so as to indicate the candidates from and to whom the transfer is made. Disposal of papers after transfer (Mule 10 (1)). These papers are added in separate sub-parcels to the parcels of D, E, F, and G. The totals of the votes credited to these candidates then become: Votes. D 746-4-129= 875 E 493+ 6= 499 F 341+ 14= 355 G 157 + 859 = 1,016 Quota of papers of elected candidate set aside (Rule 10 (1)). The remainders of the papers in the sub-parcels (i.e., those papers not transferred), together with the papers on which no further available preferences were marked, are collected together and formed into one parcel, representing A's quota of votes (1,001), and these papers are set aside as finally dealt with. The parcel is made up as follows: The remainder of D's sub-parcel, 257 less 129 = 128 The remainder of E's sub-parcel, 11 less 6 = 5 The remainder of F's sub-parcel, 28 less 14 = 14 The remainder of G's sub-parcel, 1,708 less 859 = 849 Non-transferable papers ... 5 Total, being A's quota 1,001 726 APPENDIX- IV. The operations involved in this transfer are summarised in tha following table: Transfer of A'x Surplus. Surplus 1,008 Number of transferable papers 2,004 Proportion to be _ Surplus __ 1,008 transferred . . . ~ Number of transferable papers ~~ 2,004 Names of Candidates marked as the next available preferences. Number of Number of Original ; Papers Papers. transferred. Number of Papers retained for A's quota. B C D 257 129 128 E 11 6 5 F 28 14 U G- ! 1,708 859 849 H I K Total number of transferable papers . . 2,004 1 ,008 996 Number of non-transferable papers 5 5 Totals 2,009 1,008 1,001 State of pott after first transfer. The state of the poll on the conclusion of the transfer is as follows: Votes. A 1,001 elected. G 1,016 B 952 939 D 875 E 499 F 355 H 152 1 118 K 93 Total 6,000 Election of candidate as a result of transfer {Rule 7). G now has 1,016 votes, a number which is more than the quota. He is accordingly declared elected. Second Transfer. Surplus not transferred in special case (Rule 8 (5) (c)). G's surplus (1,016 less 1,001, or 15) would have to be transferred were it not for the provision of Eule 8 (5) (c). Under the latter rule the returning officer need not transfer a surplus which is less than the difference between the two lowest candidates on DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 72-7 tho poll, and whore, therefore, the transfer could not alter the relative position of these two candidates, even if the whole sur- plus were transferred to the lowest candidate. In this ease the difference between 1 and K, the two lowest candidates, is 25 (118 less 93), and therefore G's surplus need not be transferred. Transfer of votes of candidate lowest on the poll (Rule 9 (1)). The returning officer proceeds to distribute the papers of the candidate with the smallest total of votes. K's parcel of 93 papers is therefore examined. It is found to contain 89 papers on which F is the next preference, and 4 on which C is the next preference. Therefore 89 papers are transferred to F and 4 to C. State of poll after second transfer. The poll now stands us follows: Votes. A 1,001 elected. G 1,016 elected. B 952 C 943 D 875 E .' 499 F 444 H 152 I . 118 Total 6,000 Third Transfer. Transfer in special case of the votes of the two lowest can- didates in one operation (Rule 9 (2)). The poll shows that as a result of the second transfer no further candidate obtained the quota which would entitle him to election, and the next operation has to be determined upon. The difference between I and H (152 less 118, i.e., 34) exceeds G's surplus (15), which, therefore, is still allowed to remain un- transferred (Rule 8 (5) (c)). Candidate I is lowest on the poll, and his papers have to be distributed in the same manner as K's (Eule 9 (1)). But as the combined totals of H and I together with G's surplus (152 L- 118 -\- 15 = 285) are less than 444, the total of F, the next highest candidate, the returning officer avails himself of Rule 9 (2), and distributes the papers of both H and I in one operation . The papers (152 + 118, or 270 in all) in the parcels of H and I are examined in one operation, and it is found that B is marked next preference on 119 papers. D is marked next preference on 107 papers. Non-transferable papers 44 papers. Total 270 papers. 728 APPENDIX IV. It should be stated that on some papers some or one of the candidates A, G, I, H, and K may have been marked as next in order of preference on the papers examined, but, as all these candidates are already either elected or excluded, any papers so marked pass to those of the other candidates for whom the next available preferences have been recorded. The operation is completed by the transfer of 119 papers to B, and 107 to D, whilst the 44 non-transferable papers are set aside as finally dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). The poll now stands as follows: Votes. A 1,001 elected. G 1,016 elected. B 1,071 D 982 C 943 E 499 F 414 Non-transferable papers 44 Total .. . 6,000 Election of candidate as the result of a transfer (Rule 7). B now has 1,071 votes, a number which exceeds the quota. He is accordingly declared elected. Fourth Transfer. Transfer of surplus votes arising from a previous transfer (Rule 10 (2)). B's surplus (70) exceeds the difference (55) between E and F, the two candidates lowest on the poll, and it is, therefore, necessary to distribute it. Sub-parcel of votes last transferred examined (Rule 8 (2) (b)). For this purpose, only the sub-parcel of papers last trans- ferred, containing 119 papers, is taken into account. These are examined and arranged in sub-parcels (in the same manner as A's papers were examined and arranged) with the following result: A next preference is shown for E on 84 papers. No further preference is shown on 35 papers. The total number of transferable papers (84) is thus greater than the surplus (70), and the proportion to be transferred is . But there is only one candidate, E, entitled to participate 84 in the transfer. E accordingly receives the whole of the surplus and the 70 papers last filed in E's sub-parcel are, therefore, trans- ferred to him, after being marked so as to indicate their transfer from B to E. (Eule 5 (4) (c).) The remainder of the papers in E's sub-parcel, together with the non-transferable papers, are placed with B's original parcel. The whole constitutes B's quota and these papers are set aside as finally dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 729 B's quota is made up as follows: Original parcel 952 Remainder of E's sub-parcel 14 Non-transferable papers 35 Total 1,001 State of poll after fom'th transfer. The poll now stands as follows: Votes. A 1,001 elected. Gr 1,016 elected. B 1,001 elected. D 982 C 943 E 569 F 444 ^Non-transferable papers 44 Total .. . 6,000 Fifth Transfer. No candidate is elected as the result of the transfer, and the next operation has to be determined upon. G's surplus is still not distributable, being smaller than the difference between the totals of E and F, the two lowest can- didates (Rule 8 (5) (c)). The votes of the lowest candidate distributed (Rule 9 (1)). F is lowest and his papers have to be distributed. On examination it is found that of F's 444 papers, 353 show a next preference for 0, and the remainder, 91, contain no further preference. The operation is completed by the transfer of 353 papers to 0, whilst the 91 non-transferable papers are set aside as finally dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). State of poll after fifth transfer. The poll now stands as iollows: Votes. A 1,001 elected. G 1,016 elected. B 1,001 elected. C 1,296 D 982 E 569 Non-transferable papers 135 Total 6,000 730 APPENDIX IV. Candidate elected as a result of transfer (Rule 7). has now 1,296 votes, a number which exceeds the quota, and he is accordingly declared elected. Filling the last vacancy (Rule 11 (2)). No further transfer is necessary, for, even if all C's surplus (295) and all GPs surplus (15) were transferred to E, his total would only amount to 859. But D's total (982) exceeds this number and he is therefore declared elected (Eule 11 (2)). Final result. The final result is that A, G, B, and D are elected. Result sheet (Rule 12). The details of the various operations in this election are shown in the subjoined form of public notice or " result sheet." Public Notice of the Result of the Poll and of the Transfer of Votes. Number of valid votes 6,000 Number of members to be elected 5 Quota (number of votes sufficient to secure the election of a candidate) 1,001 [TABLE OF RESULTS.. DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 731 t . il Result showing imes of Candidat d, and the ordei their Election. << . PQ C T3 ^T T W W fa > C f f 3 O i gj 1 I .SfcSo fMJpq | | ! 00 CO L OS 1C 1 *o CO 1 ft. . ; if 3 ^ 5 ^ N f< a^-f 1 i * 5 -1 1 ^ " i | got* H - + I i i i i & o 3 J 0-1 05 OO O T S 05 1C T H CO i ^H O ^ o Ifcl o * o 1 *- 1 1 1 W I + ^ i * rH C' S O OS U 5 t^ 05 i. s co TJ c 3 O C 9 " 2 : 0- -i C 3 rs 1 o i &-s OS O r *< OS f _^ s OO 1 1 H O OS C > i ^ c OP-HP- e* o *J 3 T? g 2 a c || *6 I I : : '. : . |SSL& 1 <1 C 5 O S 12 LI ^J * - h H H 4 /^ e 732 APPENDIX IV. SECOND SCHEDULE. POEM OF FRONT OF BALLOT PAPER. Counterfoil M, No. ,- Note. p 'The counter - ^ foil is to hare a number to cor- respond with that on the f^\ back of the )Q/ ballot paper. \jfcj Mark Order of Preference in Spaces below. Names of Candidates. I BROWN (John Brown, of 52, George Street, Bristol, Merchant). JONES (William David Jones, of 10, Charles Street, Bristol, Merchant). ROBERTSON (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street, Bristol, Butcher). WILLIAMS (James Williams, of 5, William Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). THOMAS (Walter Thomas, of 23, Ann Street, Bristol, Painter). MAcINNES (Robert Maclnnes, of 26, James Street, Bristol, Licensed Victualler). N.B. Vote by placing the figure 1 in the square opposite the name of the candidate for whom you vote. You may also place the figure 2, or the figures 2 and 3, or 2, 3, and 4, and so on, in the squares opposite the names of other candidates in the order of your preference for them. DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 733 Form of -Directions for the guidance of the Voter in voting, which shall be printed in conspicuous characters and pla- carded outside every Polling Station and in every compart- ment of a Polling Station. The voter will go into one of the compartments, and, with the pencil provided there, mark his ballot paper by writing the number 1 opposite the name of the candidate for whom he votes. He may also write the figures 2, 3, and so on, in accordance with the order of his choice or preference opposite the names of other candidates (that is to say).: He must write 1 in the square space opposite to the name of the candidate for whom he votes. He may also write 2 in the square space opposite to the name of the candidate he likes second best, and 3 in the square space opposite to the name of the candidate he likes third best. And so on. If the voter does not mark the figure 1 on his ballot paper, or marks the figure 1 opposite more than one name, or marks the figure 1 and some other figure opposite the same name, or places any mark on the paper by which he may be identified, his ballot paper will be invalid and will not be counted. After marking the ballot paper, the voter will fold up the ballot ptaper so as to show the official mark on the back, and leaving the compartment will, without showing the front of the paper to any person, show the official mark on the back to the presiding officer, and then in the presence of the presiding officer put the paper into the ballot box and forthwith quit the polling station. If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot paper, he can return it to the officer, who will, if satisfied of such inadvertence, give him another paper. If the voter takes the ballot paper out of the polling station or deposits in the ballot box any other paper than the one given him by the officer, he will be guilty of a misdemeanour, and be subject to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months, with or without hard labour. Note. These directions shall be illustrated by examples of valid ballot papers, such as the following: 734 APPENDIX IV. Examples of Ballot Papers validly marked. A. *) Mark .*) Order of Preference Names of Candidates. $N in Spaces $; below. ./*\ ' BROWN 0^0 3 (John Brown, of 52, George Street 8*8 Bristol, Merchant). 1 JONES GlO 4 (William David Jones, of 10, Charles '%1 Street, Bristol, Engineer). (*) (*) () ROBERTSON /W\ 2 (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street 1 Bristol, Builder). | WILLIAMS xj/\ 5 (James Williams, of 5, William 1 Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). GiO THOMAS 3K) 1 (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street Bristol. Painter). ' '*) i MAdNNES \X.' 6 (Robert Maclnnes, of 28, James 1 Street, Bristol, Licensed Victualler) * DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 735 Mark Order of Preference in Spaces below. Names of Candidates. BROWN (John Brown, of 52, George Street, Bristol, Merchant). 1 JONES (William David Jones, of 10, Charles Street, Bristol, Engineer). ROBERTSON (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street, Bristol, Builder). WILLIAMS (James Williams, of 5, William Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). THOMAS (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street, Bristol, Painter). MACINNES (Robert Machines, of 28, James Street, Bristol, licensed Victualler). 736 APPENDIX IV. (*) '!*) Mark Order of Preference in Spaces below. Names of Candidates. BROWN (John Brown, of 52, George Street, Bristol. Merchant). (*) (*) 3 JONES (William David Jones, of 10, Charles Street, Bristol, Engineer). t*9 ROBERTSON (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street, Bristol, Builder). 1 1 WILLIAMS (James Williams, of 5, William Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). OK) /W\ THOMAS (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street, Bristol, Painter). 2 MAdNNES (Robert Maclnues, of 28, James Street, Bristol, Licensed Victualler). REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. APPENDIX V. REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. REPORT OF THE SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE ON ELECTORAL REFORM CONTAINED IN A LETTER FROM THE SPEAKER TO THE PRIME MINISTER, DATED JANUARY 27, 1917 (a), PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY COMMAND OF HIS MAJESTY. SPEAKER'S HOUSE, S.W., January 27, 1917. DEAR PRIME MINISTER, I HAVE much pleasure in informing you that the Con- ference on Electoral Reform has now completed its work, and that I am authorised to report to you the resolutions at which it has arrived. You will doubtless remember the circumstances in which it originated, but for the sake of greater accuracy I will venture to detail them. During the debate 011 the vsecond reading of the Special Register Bill on the 16th August last, Mr. Asquith, who was then Prime Minister, in the course of his speech used these words: " With regard to the Parliament which is going to under- take the work of reconstruction after the war, it is eminently desirable that you should provide an electoral basis which will make that Parliament reflective and representative of the general opinion of the country, and give to its decisions a moral authority which you cannot obtain from what I may call a scratch, improvised, and makeshift electorate. Let us by all means use the time those of us who are not absolutely absorbed in the conduct of the war in those months to see if we cannot work out by general agreement some scheme under which, both as regards the electorate and the distribution of electoral power, a Parliament can bo created at the end of the war capable and adequate for (a) Parliamentary Paper, Cd. 8463. F. 47 738 APPENDIX V. discharging these tasks, and commanding the confidence of the country." (Official Report, vol. 85, p. 1906.) During the same debate Mr. Long, who was then President of the Local Government Board, said: " I myself believe that if we agreed amongst ourselves, and the Government offered any assistance which they could, and which, I believe, they would gladly do, to set up I will not say a Committee, because that is not exactly what "> I mean but a representative Conference, not only of parties, but of groups, a Conference which would really represent opinion on these three subjects: electoral reform, revision of your electoral power when you have got it, and regis- tration, I believe and I do not speak altogether out of books that such a Conference of earnest men, holding strong views, bitterly opposed to each other, if they were face to face with these difficulties, when we are all longing with a great longing to see something of a better prospect for our country in the future, would produce an agreed system for all three questions upon which the great mass of opinion of the people of this country could come together." And again later in his speech he used these words: " I believe that a Conference such as I have suggested would have a great result. I hope that in the short time during which Parliament is released from its duties we shall all turn our attention to this question. If my honourable friends in .any quarter of this House, or outside of this House were to invite me to help to get together such a Conference I would do it with the utmost pleasure. I believe that is the way in which we are more likely to find a solution to these problems than any other plan of which I have yet heard. It was recommended by the honourable gentleman the Member for Stockport in a speech he made, as being put forward either in public or private by many of those who have given time and attention to this question. I venture to say to the House it is our duty, one and all, not to criticise the Government or to find fault with this Bill, but to set ourselves to find a solution which may be a lasting settlement of a very old and difficult problem." (Official Report, vol. 85, pp. 19491950.) The idea seemed to find favour, and soon afterwards I accepted an invitation from the Prime Minister to convene a Conference of members of both Houses of Parliament and to preside over it. The Members of Parliament and Peers whom I selected appeared to me to be eminently representative of the various shades of political opinion in Parliament and in the country upon the special topics connected with Electoral Reform. Their numbers were as nearly as possible proportionate to the strength of [pre-war parties in the House of Commons. On the question of Woman Suffrage I endeavoured to obtain an equal division of opinion, so far as it could be ascertained, but ; many obvious difficulties presented themselves in discover- ing the views of gentlemen upon that important topic. REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 739 Eventually the following Peers and Members of Parliament accepted my invitation: the Marquess of Salisbury, Earl Grey, Viscount Bryce, Viscount Gladstone, Lord Burnham, Sir Eyland Adkins, Eight Honourable Sir Frederick Banbury, Sir John Bethell, Sir William Bull, Colonel James Craig, Colonel Page Croft, Mr. Ellis Davies, Eight Honourable W. II . Dickinson, Eight Honourable Sir E. Pinlay, Mr. Goldstone, Eight Honour- able George Lambert, Sir J. Larmor, Mr. Macmaster, Mr. J. Mooney, Mr. T. P. O'Connor, Mr. Peto, Mr. Priiigle, Eight Honourable Sir Harry Samuel, Mr. Scanlan, Mr. MacCallum Scott, Eight Honourable Sir John Simon, Mr. Turton, Mr. Stephen Walsh, Mr. Wardle, and Mr. Aneurin Williams. Before the Conference met, however, Lord Bryce and Mr. Laurence Hardy were obliged through illness to withdraw their acceptances, and Mr. Mooney also found himself unable to take part in the proceedings. Their places were taken by Lord Southwark, Sir Eobert Williams, and Mr. Brady. Mr. W. T. Jerred, C.B., Assistant Secretary to the Local Government Board, acted as Secretary to the Conference. The Conference met for the first time at the offices of the Local Government Board on the 12th October last, but all sub- sequent meetings have been held in Committee Eoom 15 at the House of Commons. The terms of reference were as follows: To examine, and, if possible, submit, agreed resolutions on the following matters: a) Eefprm of the Franchise. b) Basis for Eedistribution of Seats. c) Reform of the System of the Registration of Electors. d) Method of elections and the manner in which the costs of elections should be borne. After our discussion had proceeded for some time, we were so unfortunate as to lose the assistance of Lord Grey, who was prevented by illness from attending, but as I was in constant expectation that he might be able to resume his attendance I did not invite any other gentleman to take his place. Sir Eobert Finlay also, on his acceptance of office as Lord Chancellor in your Government, was compelled, to the regret of all his colleagues, to leave us. On the 14th December Lord Salisbury, Sir E. Banbury, and Colonel Craig found themselves unable to continue to assist us, and resigned their positions & members of the Conference. Their places were taken by Mr. C. B. Stuart- Wort-ley (now Lord Stuart of Wortley), Mr. Touche, and Mr. Archdale, and it is perhaps only fair to mention that some of the conclusions of the Conference were arrived at before they became members of it. You will remember that when we had reached this point I con- sulted you as to the desirability of continuing our labours, and you expressed the desire of His Majesty's Government that the work of the Conference should proceed. Altogether the Conference held twenty-six sittings, the last of which took place on the 26th instant, when I was authorised to 47 (2) 740 APPENDIX V. report to you the result of our deliberations. This appears in the following series of resolutions: I. KEGISTRATION OF ELECTORS. 1. The qualifying period for registration us a Parliamentary elector shall be^ reduced to six months. 2. There shall be a revision of the register every six months. 3. The qualifying period shall be six months prior to the loth January and 15th July in each year. 4. The time between the preparation and coming into force of the register shall be shortened. The foregoing resolutions (Nos. 2, 3, and 4) shall not apply to Ireland which, owing to different conditions, may require special .treatment. 6. In England and Wales a Registration Officer shall be appointed in every county and borough who shall be, in the case of a county, the Clerk of the County Council, and, in the case of a borough, the Town Clerk. 7. An appeal from the decision of the Eegistration Officer shall lie to the County Court. 8. In the opinion of the Conference, the cost of registration should be a charge upon the local rates, subject to a contribution of ono-half to be made by the State. II. EEFORM OF THE FRANCHISE. 9. ( a ) Every person of full age, not subject to any legal incapacity, who, for the qualifying period, has resided in any premises, or has occupied for the purpose of his business, pro- fession, or trade, any premises of a clear yearly value of not less than 101., shall be entitled to be registered as a Parlia- mentary .(Elector. (b) For the purposes of this resolution no change shall be made in the law relating to the joint occupation of business premises. (c) A franchise based upon the foregoing qualifications shall be substituted for all existing franchises. Provided that the representation of the Universities shall be maintained. 10. The qualification to be registered as a Parliamentary Elector shall not be lost by removal to different premises within the same constituency, or from one constituency to another in the same borough or county (including the administrative County of London), or to different premises in a contiguous county or borough. 11. (a) A person shall not vote at a general election in more than one constituency. Provided that a person shall be entitled to one additional vote in another constituency in respect of the occupation of his busi- ness premises, or in respect of any qualification he may have as a University voter. (b) For the purpose of this resolution the expression " con- stituency " means any county, borough, or combination of places,. REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 741 or university or combination of universities, returning a member or members to serve in Parliament, and where a county ur borough is divided for the purpose of Parliamentary elections, means a division of the county or borough so divided. 12. The law relating to the franchise and registration shall be codified. III. REDISTKIBUTION OF SEATS. 13. This Conference accepts as governing any scheme of re- distribution the principle that each vote recorded shall, as far as possible, command an equal share of representation in the House of Commons. 14. It is desirable that there shall be a Redistribution of Seats in accordance with the following general rules: (i) The number of members of the House of Commons for Great Britain shall remain substantially as .at present, (ii) In the application of this principle the information at the disposal of the Conference indicates the taking of 70,000 as the standard unit of population for each member. (iii) A county or borough (other than the City of London) with a population of less than 50,000 shall cease to have separate representation. (iv) A county or borough with a population of 50,000, but less than 70,000, shall continue to have separate repre- sentation. (v) A municipal borough or urban district with a popula- tion not less than 70,000 shall become a separate Par- liamentary borough. (vi) A county or borough at present returning two members shall not lose a member if the defect in the population is 20,000 or less. (vii) A member shall be given for 70,000 and for every multiple of 70,000, and an additional member for any remainder which is not less than 50,000. (viii) The boundaries of Parliamentary constituencies shall, as far as practicable, coincide with the boundaries of administrative areas. (ix) The City of London shall continue as at present to return two members. 15. Existing boroughs entitled to return two members shall not be divided. 16. Where there are contiguous boroughs which, if formed into a single constituency, would be entitled to return not less than three nor more than five members, it shall be an instruction to the Boundary Commissioners to unite such boroughs into a single constituency. (This resolution would only become applicable in the event of a system of Proportional Representation being adopted, as recommended in a subsequent resolution.) 17. It shall be an instruction to the Boundary Commissioners to take the population as estimated by the Registrar-General for 742 APPENDIX V. July, 1914, instead of the population according to the census of 1911. 18. It shall be a recommendation to the Boundary Commis- sioners, after ascertaining local opinion, to segregate as fax as possible (adjacent industrial and rural areas in forming con- stituencies within any county. 19. Where, under the application of these rules, a borough loses its right to separate representation in Parliament, it shall be competent for the Commissioners, after having ascertained local opinion on the subject, to combine such borough with any other such borough or boroughs lying within the county, or with any other borough in the same county having separate repre- sentation, instead of merging it in the adjacent county division. 20. Where an ancient Parliamentary borough loses its repre- sentation, the county division in which the borough becomes merged shall be named after the merged borough. 21. Where districts of burghs in Scotland comprise burghs in different counties, or where under the foregoing rules a Par- liamentary borough which is a district of burghs would lose representation, it shall be an instruction to the Boundary Com- missioners to consider the desirability of regrouping the burghs or adding neighbouring burghs in the same county, regard being had to their size, to a proper representation of the urban and rural ^population, and to the distribution and pursuits of such population : Provided that the representation of the county is not thereby affected. As regards Ireland, the Conference desires to place on record that, on the subject of redistribution, it has carried on its deliberations from the point of view of Great Britain only. IV. UNIVEKSITY KEPRESENTATION. 22. (a) The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge shall con- tinue to return two members each; the electorate shall be widened, and, in order to secure a proper representation of minorities, each voter shall be allowed to vote for one candidate only. (b) The Universities of Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, and the University of Wales, shall receive representation; these universities shall be grouped with the University of London so as to form a single constituency returning three members elected on the system of a single trans- ferable vote. J3) The combined Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews of Glasgow and Aberdeen shall also be grouped so as to form a single constituency returning three members under the system of a single transferable vote. (d) As regards all Universities the obtaining of a degree shall be the basis for electoral qualification. REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 743 V. METHOD AND COSTS OF ELECTIONS. 23. (a) A Parliamentary borough which would be entitled on a basis of population to return throe or more members shall be a single constituency. Provided that a constituency entitled to return more than five members shall be divided into two or more constituencies each returning not less than three nor more than five members. (b) The election in any such constituency shall be held on the principle of proportional representation and each elector shall have one transferable vote. (c) For the purposes of this rule the Metropolis (excluding the City of London) shall be treated as a single area and divided into constituencies returning not less than three nor more than five members. 24. (a) At a general election all polls shall be held on one day. (b) All nominations shall take place on one day. (c) There shall be an interval of eight days between the day of nomination and the day of poll. 25. Returning Officers' charges should be paid by the State on a scale to be fixed by the Treasury. 26. The duties of Returning Officer in England and Wales shall bo discharged by a deputy Returning Officer, who shall be in the case of a county the Clerk to the County Council, and in the case of a borough the Town Clerk. 27. (a) Every candidate at the election of a Member of Par- liament for any county or borough shall be required to deposit with the Returning Officer, at the time of his nomination, the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds. (b) If a candidate is not elected, and the number of votes polled by him does not exceed in the case of a single or double member constituency one-eighth of the total number of voters polling, or in the case of a constituency returning three or more members, one-eighth divided by the number of members to be elected, the deposit instead of being returned to the candidate shall be forfeited to the Treasury. (c) For the purposes of this resolution the number of " voters polling " shall mean the number of ballot papers counted other than spoilt ballot papers; and where the election is held under the system of a single transferable vote, the number of " votes polled " by a. candidate shall mean the number of votes polled by him as first preferences. Although the question of candidates' expenses does not appear to be strictly within their terms of reference, the Conference is strongly ( and unanimously of opinion that the expenditure at present entailed in fighting a contested election is unjustifiable, and should be materially reduced. This, the Conference considers can only be effectively carried out by an alteration in the maximum amounts at present allowed under the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883. The Conference ac- cordingly resolved that 28. (a) The following maximum scale of expenses shall bo substituted for the maximum scale contained in Part IV. of 744 APPENDIX V. the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Pre- vention Act, 1883: Severipence per elector in a county. Fivepence per elector in a borough other than a borough returning three or more members. Fourpcnce per elector in a borough returning three or more members. (b) Where there are joint candidates the total amount of tho expenses of the joint candidates shall not exceed one and a half times the scale allowed for a single candidate. (c) A duly nominated candidate, or a number of duly nomi- nated joint candidates, shall be allowed one free postage. In this connection the Conference has had its attention drawn to a growing and, as it considers, mischievous practice by which, at the time of an election, political and other organisations incur expenditure in the furtherance of the views of particular can- didates. The practice is, in the view of the Conference, a con- travention of the spirit of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act. The Conference realises the difficulty of deal- ing with the matter, but thinks that some amendment of the Act is very desirable, and resolved that 29. Any person incurring expenditure by holding public meet- ings or issuing advertisements or publications for the purpose of furthering the election of a candidate, shall be guilty of a corrupt practice unless such expenditure is authorised by the candidate and returned as part of his election expenses. 30. The Ballot Act shall be made permanent. VI. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REGISTER. The franchise for Local Government purposes is so closely connected with the Parliamentary franchise that the Conference thought it desirable to deal with the matter, and resolved that 31. (a) In substitution for all existing franchises for Local Government purposes every person who for a period of six months immediately preceding the 15th day of January and the loth day of July in any year has occupied as owner or tenant any land or premises in a Local Government area in England and Wales shall be entitled to be registered and to vote as a Local Government elector in that area. (b) For the purpose of this resolution neither sex nor mar- riage shall be a disqualification, provided that a husband and wife shall not both be qualified in respect of the same premises. (c) The Conference makes no recommendation with regard to the Local Government franchise in Scotland or Ireland. VII. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 32. (a) It shall be the duty of the Registration Officer to ascertain, as far as possible, the names and addresses of all persons of full age who ordinarily reside in his area, but who are serving in His Majesty's forces, and such persons shall be qualified to be registered and to vote as parliamentary electors within that area. REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 745 (b) In the case of a person who has served in His Majesty's forces during any part of the qualifying period, residence in a constituency for on month immediately preceding the 15th January or the loth July, as the casemay be, shall be a sufficient qualification. All the resolutions under the foregoing sub-heads I. to VIE. were agreed to unanimously. VIII. WOMAN SUFFRAGE. The Conference decided by a majority that some measure of woman suffrage should be conferred. A majority of the Con- ference was also of opinion that, if Parliament should decide to accept the principle, the most practical form would be to confer the vote in the terms of the following resolution: 33. Any woman on the Local Government Register who has attained a specified age, and the wife of any man who is on that Register if she has attained that age, shall be entitled to be registered and to vote as a parliamentary elector. Various ages were discussed, of which 30 and 35 received most favour. The Conference further resolved that if Parliament decides to enfranchise women, a woman of the specified age, who is a graduate of any University having Parliamentary representa- tion shall bo entitled to vote as a University Elector. IX. MISCELLANEOUS. The Conference resolved unanimously that: 34. The maintenance in any asylum for lunatics or idiots of any person for whose maintenance any other person is respon- sible shall not disqualify such other person for being registered as a Parliamentary elector. The following resolutions were passed by a majority: 35. This Conference, having considered the recommendation of the Royal Commission on the Poor Liaws and Relief of Distress, is of opinion that no person who has received poor relief other than medical relief for less than thirty days in the aggregate during the qualifying period, shall be disqualified for being registered as a parliamentary elector. 36. At any election in a single member constituency where there are more than two candidates, the election shall be held on the system of voting known as the alternative vote. 37. (a) Provision shall be made to enable any person who is on the Parliamentary Register in any constituency to have his name entered in a List of Absent Voters, and to record his vote as such, provided that he satisfies the Registration Officer that the nature of his employment will render it probable that he will be compelled to be absent from the constituency on the day when the poll will be taken. (b) The Absent Voters' List shall be prepared at the same time as the ordinary Register, and should remain in force during the currency of that Register. 746 APPENDIX V. (c) A printed ballot paper shall be sent to every voter at the address registered by him for the purpose in such form and manner as will secure the secrecy of the ballot. (d) The ballot paper sh%ll be returnable by post on or before the polling day, accompanied by a statutory declaration of identity in a prescribed form. (e) A person whose name is on the Absent Voters' List shall not be entitled to vote otherwise than as an absent voter. In conclusion, I should like to bear witness to the admirable- temper and conciliatory disposition which all the members of the Conference showed in grappling with the difficulties con- fronting them. They were convinced, I feel sure, of the great desirability of amicably settling these thorny questions, and of finding a solution for issues fraught with the possibility of engendering grave domestic strife and internal friction. They were desirous of rendering, at a time when the national energies were almost wholly centred upon the successful prosecution of the war, a service which might prove of the highest value to the State, and result in equipping the nation with a truly repre- sentative House of Commons, capable of dealing, and dealing effectively, with the many and gigantic problems which it will have to face and solve as soon as the restoration of peace permits of their calm and dispassionate consideration. As a last word, I should like to say, on behalf of all the members of the Conference, how deeply they are indebted to* Mr. Jerred for his unfailing courtesy, his untiring energy, and his accurate acquaintance with the technicalities of electoral matters, all of which gifts he placed unreservedly at the- disposal of the Conference. Yours very truly, JAMES W. LOWTHER. To the Eight Hon. the Prime Minister. ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 747 APPENDIX VI. (SUPPLEMENTARY TO APPENDIX I.) ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. CONTENTS. PAOK 1. Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918, prescribing fees in connection with registration purposes, registration dates, &c. (E. P. 32) 747 2. Order in Council dated June 25th, 1918, as to voting by proxy by naval and military voters abroad 752 3. The Proxy Paper Order, 1918 753 No. 1. ORDER IN COUNCIL PRESCRIBING FEES IN CONNECTION WITH REGISTRATION PUR- POSES, REGISTRATION DATES, ETC;, (a). K. P. 32. At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of June, 1918. . PRESENT, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1918 (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are to be prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as follows : "His Majesty may by Order in Council prescribe the forms to be used for registration 1 purposes and any fees to be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules con- tained in the Pirst Schedule to this Act for the purpose of carrying this Act into full effect" . . . (s. 13 (2)) (6): () See sect. 13 (2), pp. 133, 134, supra, and First Schedule, Rule 31, pp. 350, 351, supra. (b) See pp. 133, 134, snpia. 748 APPENDIX VI. '* Any document required to be published shall be kept published for the prescribed time " (First Schedule, Eule 31) (c): And whereas by Orders in Council dated respectively the 4th day of March, 1918 (d), and the 22nd day of March, 1918 (e), made under the powers conferred by the said Act, His Majesty in Council has been pleased to fix certain registration dates and dates governing the qualifying period, and also certain forms for registration purposes, and it is expedient that the said dates and forms should in some respects be altered: And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication Act, 1893,. as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it is necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for the matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation forthwith: Now, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 1. The documents mentioned in the First Schedule to this Order shall, as respects the First Register, be kept published in Great Britain until the dates specified in tlie second column of that Schedule, and in Ireland until the dates specified in the third column of that Schedule. 2. The fees specified in the Second Schedule to this Order may be taken in connection with registration purposes, and shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed fees. 3. The names in the absent voters list (/) shall be arranged in the same order (#) as that in which those names appear in the register, and the list shall be in the form set out in the Third Schedule to this Order. This rule shall not apply to Scotland. 4. There shall be added as a supplement to that part of the register which relates to any polling district a list, giving with respect to persons who, though not resident in that polling Dis- trict, are entitled to vote at a polling place for that district under Rule 24 (h) of the First Schedule to the Act, the same particulars as are contained with respect to those persons in the register, adding in the third column a reference to the polling district where any such person is registered, provided that the names shall be numbered consecutively after other names in the list for such first-mentioned polling district. 5. Claims under the said Rule 24 (h) must be made for the purposes of the first register before the 31st day of July in (c) See pp. 3oO, 351, snpra. (d) See pp. 613, 614, supra. (e) See pp. 626-627, #/>/>/. (/) See Rule 3, p. 340, supra, aud pp. 345, 346, supra. (g) See Rule 4, p. 340, *npra. (h} See p. 348, supra. ADDITIONAL OKDEKS IN COUNCIL. 749 Great Britain, and before the 26th. day of July in Ireland, and shall be in the form set out in the Fourth Schedule to this Order or a form to the like effect. 6. In connection with the first register to be prepared under the Act, the registration dates and dates governing the qualify- ing period referred to in the Fifth Schedule to this Order shall instead of the dates specified in the said Orders of the 4th day of March, 1918 (/), and the 22nd day of March, 1918 (7c), be the dates specified in the Third Column to the Fifth Schedule to this Order. This rule shall not apply to Ireland. 7. Where (a) the statement of any naval or military voter made in the prescribed form (/) that he would have had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for his service; or (b) (subject to verification by the registration officer) any statement containing similar particulars supplied by or on behalf of the Admiralty, Army Council, or Air Council (in}, is received by the registration officer too late for inclusion in the electors lists that statement may for all the purposes of the Act and rules made thereunder be treated as a claim to be registered. 8. Where the registration officer receives from a merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman any such statement as aforesaid which includes a statement of actual residence (n) and is therefore to be regarded as a claim and declaration under section 5 (1) o*f the Act, he shall nevertheless place the person from whom the statement is received on the absent voters list unless he gives notice that he does not so desire. 9. Where a statement (o) for the purposes of the first register is received by the registration officer not later than the 17th of August in respect of a person already on the electors lists, otherwise than as a naval or military voter,, indicating to his satisfaction that that person is serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown, the registration officer shall place that person on the absent voters list unless before that date he gives notice that he does not so desire. 10. The form specified in the Sixth Schedule to this Order shall be substituted for Form VI. in Part I. of the Schedule to the said Order of the 22nd day of March (p) (which prescribes forms for Scotland), but any claim made in the form as prescribed by () See pp. 613, 6H, wpra. (k) See pp. 626627, supra. (I) See pp. 571574, supra. (/) See Rule 18, p. 346, supra. () See p. 573, supra. (6) See pp. 571 574, supra. (p) See pp. 626627, supra. 750 APPENDIX VI. the said Order shall nevertheless be valid for the purposes of the first register. 11. As respects any registration unit in Ireland in which, there is no post office or other convenient place at which copies of documents relating to the unit can be made available for inspection as required by Rules 27 (q) and 31 (r) of the First Schedule to the Act, it shall be sufficient compliance with that requirement if copies of the documents are made available for inspection by the public at the office of the council of the county district comprising the registration unit, or at some other con- venient place in that district to which the public have access instead of in the registration unit itself, and accordingly those rules shall be amended so as to give effect to this provision. 12. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of the Eules Publi- cation Act, 1893. ALMBEIC FiTzRov. FIRST SCHEDULE. PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS. Nature of Document. Electors Lists (First Schedule, Rule 6). Notice as to mode of making claims and objections (First Schedule, Rule 6). Corrupt and Illegal Practices Lists (First Schedule, Rule 8). List of Claimants (First Sche- dule, Rule 11). List of persons to whose regis- tration notice of objection has been given (First Sche- dule, Rule 14). List of claimants to whose re- gistration notice of objection has been jjiven. Register (First Schedule. Rule 27). See p. 849, s Dates. As regards Great Britain. July 18th. Aug-ust 1st. July 18th. August 1st. August 1st. As regards Ireland. July 5th. July 26th. July 5th. July 26th. July 26th. 1 4 th day after publication. The date of the coining into force of the next register. 14th day after publication. The date of the coming into force of the next register. (r) See pp. 350, 351, *upra. ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 751 SECOND SCHEDULE. FEES FOR COPIES OF LISTS, REGISTERS, ETC. s.d. l.*Fpr a copy of the electors lists or of so much of the lists as relates to any registration unit or units: not exceeding 100 names 4 for each additional 100 (or part of 100) 2 :2.fFor a copy of any claim or notice of objection 4 3.J For a copy of the register or of so much of the register as relates to any registration unit or units: not exceeding 100 names 4 for each additional 100 (or part of 100) 2 * Schedule 1, R. 33. t Schedule 1, R. 33. + Schedule 1, R. 28. THIRD SCHEDULE. ABSENT VOTERS LIST FOR THE CONSTITUENCY OF Polling District Number as shewn j Names in Full, in the \ (Surname first.) Register. I Qualifying Premises as shewn in Column 3 of Register. 3. In the case of Naval or Military Voters descrip- tion of Service, Ship, Regiment, Number, Rank, Rating, &c. In the case of other Voters, recorded address. 4. APPENDIX VI. FOURTH SCHEDULE. FORM OF CLAIM TO VOTE IN POLLING DISTRICT WHERE VOTER DOES NOT RESIDE. To the Registration Officer for Address I, being entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary elector for the above constituency as follows: * and being resident atf , which is not in the polling district in which I am entitled to be registered, hereby claim to vote at the polling place situate at^ for the polling district Signed Date * Here insert extract from printed electors lists giving registration unit and polling district. t Here insert full postal address of residence. J Here insert name of place where elector claims to vote. Here insert distinctive letter and name (if any) of polling district. FIFTH SCHEDULE. REGISTRATION DATES, ETC. Subject-matter. End of qualifying period . Publication of lists . Last day for objections to elec- tors lists. Last day for claims . Last day for claims as absent voters. Date referred to in Rule 17 Publication of list of objections to electors lists. Publication of list of claimants. Last day for objections to claimants. Publication of list of objections to claimants (as soon as prac- ticable after). Publication and coming into force of register. Date specified in Act. I Substituted date. 15th Jan. July 1st Feb. Aug. 15th Feb. Aug. 18th Feb. Aug. 18th Feb. Aug. 18th Feb. Aug. 2 1st Feb. Aug. 24th Feb. Aug. 7th Mar. 4th Sep. 7th Mar. 4th Sep. 15th April Oct. loth April 29th June 10th July 17th July 3 1st July 17th August 19th July 25th July 3 1st July 31st July 1st October ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 753 SIXTH SCHEDULE. SUBSTITUTED POEM. \Here follows form applicable to Scotland,^ No. 2. ORDER IN COUNCIL DATED JUNE 25m, 1918, AS TO VOTING BY PEOXY BY NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS ABROAD (/>). WHEEEAS under Section twenty-three (6) of the Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918, power is conferred on His Majesty by Order in Council to direct that voting by proxy by naval or military voters shall be permitted in any area on land abroad mentioned in the Order if it appears to Him that ballot papers sent to that area by post cannot reasonably be returned before the votes are counted, and that the case cannot be met by an Order under the said section twenty-three postponing the count- ing of votes: And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Eules Publication Act, 1893, as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it is necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for the matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation forthwith: Now, therefore, His Majesty, being satisfied as aforesaid, is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 1. Voting by proxy by naval and military voters shall be permitted in all areas on land outside the British Islands, except areas in France or Belgium. 2. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of the Eules Pub- lication Act, 1893. ALMEEIO FiTzEoy. (b) See s. 23 (4) (a), p. 174, and p. 201, supra. F. 48 754 APPENDIX VI. No. 3. ORDER IN COUNCIL DATED JUNE BOTH, 1918, PRESCRIBING FORMS RELATING TO PROXY PAPERS, BEING THE PROXY PAPER ORDER, 1918 (c). WHEREAS under Section twenty-three (c) of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, power is conferred on His Majesty in Council to prescribe the forms to be used for the purposes of the eaid section, and to make regulations as to the mode in which proxy papers may be issued and cancelled, and generally for the purpose of carrying the said section into effect: And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication Act, 1893, as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it is necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for the matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation forthwith: Now, therefore, His Majesty, being satisfied as aforesaid, is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: A. ISSUE OF PROXY PAPERS. 1. An Application by an elector for the issue of a proxy paper must be in the following form or in a form to the like effect: REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Application for appointment of a Proxy. To the Registration Officer for {Here insert name of county or borough in which the qualifying premises are situated]. I, being entitled to vote by proxy and being or believ- ing myself to be qualified for registration as a Parliamentary elector in respect of {Here insert address of qualifying premises, including if possible the county or borough or parish as the case may be~\ hereby apply for the issue of a proxy paper appointing {Here insert no/me of person to act as proxyj who resides at [Here insert his or her full address'] and is [Here insert relation- ship, if any, to the elector'] or failing him or her [Here may be in- serted one or two other names (ivith addresses and relationship to the elector, if any} in order of preference, if the elector desires alternatives in case the first named is unwilling or unable to (c} See s. 23 (6), p. 176, supra, and Third Schedule, pp. 359362, supra. ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN^ COUNCIL. 755 act or is not qualified for acting] as my proxy to vote on my behalf at Parliamentary elections for the constituency of Signed , '[Here insert merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman, or Red Cross or other recognised war service, or if the elector is in the Navy, Army or Air Force, particulars as to num- ber, ship, regiment, rank, rating , &c.] Witnessed by [The witness should be some person to whom the elector is known and in the case of a sailor, soldier or air- man should, if possible, be an officer'], Bank, occupation, &c. Date 2. An Application by a person authorised by an elector for the issue of a proxy paper shall be made by sending or deliver- ing to the Registration Officer an authorisation by the elector in the following form or in a form to the like effect: REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. Authority to apply for appointment of a Proxy. To the Registration Officer for [Here insert name of county or borough in which the qualifying premises are situated]. I, being entitled to vote by proxy and being or believ- ing myself to be qualified for registration as a Parliamentary elector in respect of [Here insert address of qualifying premises, including if possible the county or borough or parish as the case may be] hereby authorise [Here insert name of person authorised to apply for proxy paper] who resides at to apply for the issue of a proxy paper appointing {Here insert name of person to act as proxy, and his or her full address] who resides at and who is [Here insert relationship, if any, to the elector] or failing him or her [Here may be inserted one or two other names (with addresses and relationship to the elector if any] in order of preference, if the elector desires alternatives in case the first named is unwilling or unable to act, or is not qualified for acting] as my proxy to vote on my behalf at Parliamentary elections for the constituency of Signed , [Here insert merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman, or Red Cross or other recognised war service, or if the elector is fm the Navy, Ai*,my or Air Force, particulars as to num- ber, ship, regiment, rank, rating, &c.] Witnessed by [The witness should be some person to ivhom the elector is known, and in the case of a sailor, soldier, or air- man should, if possible, be an officer], Rank, occupation, &c. Bate NOTE. This authority will not be recognised unless it is duly signed and witnessed and dated, and the name and address of the authorised person and the names of the person or persons, one of whom is to be appointed as proxy, are filled in by the elector. Any other particulars may, if desired, be left to be filled in by 48(2) 756 ^APPENDIX VI. the authorised person. The authorised person must send or deliver this form to the Eegistration Officer. The authorised person may, of course, be entered as the person or one of the persons to be appointed as proxy, if qualified. If so, it will be convenient if before sending this form to the Eegistration Officer he will sign the statement below showing that he is willing to act as proxy. I am willing to act as Proxy. Date . Signature of authorised person 3. The Registration Officer on receiving an application for the appointment of a proxy shall if satisfied that a proxy may be appointed intimate to the person named as proxy (or if more than one is named to the first named) unless he knows that that person is not qualified to be appointed as proxy, or has expressed his unwillingness to act, that it is proposed to appoint him as proxy for the elector, and that if no notice is received within seven days intimating that he is unwilling or unable to act as proxy for the elector, a proxy paper will be issued to him and he will be entered on the list of proxies. If at the expiration of the said seven days no notice is received intimating that the person named (or first named) as proxy is unable or unwilling so to act, the Registration Officer shall send or deliver a proxy paper to that person, unless otherwise directed, and shall enter his name on the list of proxies. 4. If within seven days from the date of sending the intimation notice is received by the Registration Officer informing him that the person named as proxy is unable or unwilling so to act the E/egistration Officer shall, if a second or third name is given in tho form of application, deal in like manner with the person or persons so named. If the person named or, if more than one person is named, all of the persons named, are unable or unwilling so to act, or are not qualified to act, or if for any other reason the Registration Officer does not comply with the application and issue a proxy paper, the Registration Officer shall send a notice to the elector informing him that no proxy paper has been issued and explaining the reason. 5. The proxy paper to be issued by the Registration Officer shall be in the following form or a form to the like effect: REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. PROXY PAPER. Constituency Polling District (Name) (Address) is hereby appointed as Proxy for (Name of elector) who is registered as a Parliamentary Elector in respect of (Address of qualifying premises) ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 757 to vote for such elector at all Parliamentary Elections for the above constituency whilst this Proxy Paper remains in force. Signature of Registration Officer Date NOTE. The person appointed as Proxy should carefully pre- serve this paper which must be produced at each election to the Presiding Officer at the polling booth, who will then issue a ballot paper to be marked in the usual way. B. CANCELLATION OP PROXY PAPBES. 6. A notice to the Registration Officer cancelling a proxy paper must be in the following form or in a form to the like effect: REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. To the Registration Officer for I, being registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of the following premises \Here insert address of qualifying pre- mises, including, if possible, the county or borough or parish as the case may be~] hereby cancel any proxy paper issued in respect of the above qualification. Signed Witnessed by \The witness should be some person to whom the elector is known, and in the case of a sailor, soldier or air- man should, if possible, be an officer]. Date 7. Where a proxy paper is cancelled the Registration Officer shall send notice of the cancellation to the person who has been appointed proxy under the cancelled paper, and shall delete his name from the list of proxies. 0. GENERAL. 8. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of the Rules Pub- lication Act, 1893. 9. This Order may be cited as the Proxy Paper Order, 1918. ALMERIC ( 759 ) INDEX. ABEOAD, meaning of, 83. ABSENT EMPLOYEE, be entitled to business premises qualification, 36. ABSENT VOTEE, not to vote except as, under sect. 23... 176, 202203. special provisions as to allowing more time for receipt of ballot papers during war, 173 174, 200. voting by, 172 203. ABSENT VOTEES LIST, 177178. who is to be entered on, 178. naval or military voters to be placed on, 177 178. who may claim to be placed on, 345. time for claim, 345. who is to be placed on, by registration officer, 345 346. naval or military voter, duty of registration officer to place on, 345346. naval or military voter, when not to be placed on, 345 346. record of addresses of persons on, to be kept, 346. person whose name is on, not to vote except as absent voter under sect. 23... 176, 202203. preparation of, by registration officer, 340. ABSOLUTELY EXEMPTED, conscientious objector, 113. ACT, commencement of present, 336. ACTING EETUENING OFFIOEE, discharge of returning officer's duties by, 217 220. who is, 217, 218. ACTS, ADAPTATION OF, 308, 386388. Scotland, 388390. Ireland, 390. 760 INDEX. ACTS AND BULBS BELATING TO CIVIL SEBVIOE, what are, 153. ACTS MADE PEBMANENT, 278. ACTUAL BESIDENCE, what is, 1112. ADDBESSES, EEOOED OF, registration officer to keep, of naval or military voters and persons on absent voters list, 346. conditions under which, open to inspection, 346. ADMIBALTY, list of work recognised by, Army Council and Air Council as of national importance, 635. information as to naval or military voters to be supplied to registration officer by, Army Council and Air Council, 346. rules by, proscribing meaning of "afloat," 628. APMINISTBATIVE COUNTY, meaning of, 63. ADVEBTISEMENTS, OIECULAES OE PUBLICATIONS, meaning of "publications," 271. AFLOAT, expression, to be interpreted in accordance with rules made by Admiralty, 308. meaning of, 8384, 628. rules by Admiralty prescribing meaning of, 628. AGE, how reckoned, 307. when attained, 4. declaration as to, registration officer may require, before registering any person, 352. fee in connection with, 352. registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, to be made, 352. required for naval or military voter, 80 82. male naval or military voter qualified at 19 years of, 80 82. AGE, FULL, what is, 4. AGENT, ELECTION. See ELECTION AGENT. INDEX. 761 AIR COUNCIL, information as to naval or military voters to be supplied by Admiralty, Army Council and, to registration officers, 346. list of work recognised by, Admiralty and Army Council as of national importance, 035. ALIEN, subject to legal incapacity, 5. ANNUAL VALUE. See YEAELY VALUE. APPEAL, notice of, from decision of registration officer, when and how to be given, 350. notice of, to be forwarded by registration officer to County Court, 350. statement of material facts to accompany notice, 350. information to be furnished to County Court by registration officer when required, 350. from registration officer, when lies, 137. to County Coujrt, when lies, 137. from County Court to Court of Appeal, when lies, 135, 137 138. in Scotland, 138. in Ireland, 138139. consolidation of appeals, when registration officer to inform County Court that it appears desirable, 350. test case, 350. APPEAL, COURT OP, appeal from County Court to, 135, 137138. rules of, 135137, 669671. APPEALS, 134139. in Scotland, 138. in Ireland, 138139. APPEAEANOE of parties on hearing of claims and objections, 353. AREA in which voting by proxy is permitted, 174, 201, 753. AREA, LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORAL, definition, 305. 762 INDEX. AREA, REGISTRATION, what is, 128, 130131. in Scotland, 131. in Ireland, 132. AREA, VOTING, what is, 339. ARMY COUNCIL, list of work recognised by, Admiralty and Air Council as of national importance, 635. information as to naval or military voters to be supplied by Admiralty, and Air Council to registration officers, 346. ASSISTANT OVERSEER, compensation to, who suffers loss in consequence of Act, 148153. meaning of, in sect. 18... 149. in Ireland, 153, 332. ASYLUM, LUNATIC, patient in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. AUTHORITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, meaning of, 124. AUTUMN REGISTER, 125130. period during which, in force, 127 128. BALLOT ACT, 1872, made permanent, 278. modifications of, 357 358. modified by sect. 21 of Act, 161, 162163. offences under, 285 287. BALLOT PAPER, grounds for rejection of, by returning officer, 182 200. rules as to, 182 200. when invalid, 182 200. want of official mark, 186 187. voting for more candidates than entitled to, 187. writing or mark by which voter could be identified, 187. unmarked or void for uncertainty, 187 200. counting of, 182200. sending, to absent voter, 180. INDEX. 763 BALLOT PAPER continued. spoilt, 210. tendered, marking, 166. asking for, in circumstances which only entitle voter to mafk tendered, not an illegal practice under sect. 22... 164165, 166. marked by absent voter, to be treated by returning officer like ordinary, 173, 181200. not to be sent to absent voter who has appointed proxy, 175176, 202. not to be sent to naval or military voter who is serving in area where voting by proxy is permitted, 175 176, 202. BIETH, CERTIFICATE OF, registration officer may require, before registering any person, 352. how any person requiring, may obtain, 353. fee, 353. BLAOKROCK AND PEMBROKE, townships of, contributions by, in respect of registration expenses, 145. BODIES WITHIN SECT. 5 (3) (ii) (b), list of, with addresses, 608. BODIES RECOGNIZED AS WORK OF NATIONAL IMPOR- TANCE, list of, with addresses, 608609. BOROUGH, when expression includes a university constituency, 281. BOROUGH COUNCIL, registration expenses and, 139145. BOROUGH ELECTION, expression, in First Schedule (Part IV.) of Corrupt Prac- tices Act, 1883, as to maximum scale of election expenses includes university election, 281. BOROUGH FUND OR BOROUGH RATE, registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. when no, how paid, 139 140. contribution by Parliament to, 141. 764 INDEX. BOROUGHS, PARLIAMENTARY, list of, showing divisions, contents, and number of members London, 40^-419. England, excluding London and Monmouthshire, 419 46$. Wales and Monmouthshire, 466 467. Scotland, 468481. list of, containing more than one borough or urban district, 633634. BRIBERY, 289 291. punishment for, 293 294. BRITISH SUBJECT, alone qualified, 121122. effect of provisions of sect. 9 (3) as to persons not, 1,22. effect of disqualification of aliens, 122. See also ALIEN, LEGAL INCAPACITY. BUSINESS, meaning of, 3436. BUSINESS PREMISES, what are, 28. BUSINESS PREMISES QUALIFICATION, what is, 2437. of naval or military voter (male), 86 91. BYE-ELECTION. See ELECTION. CANDIDATE, at parliamentary election, meaning of, 271 273. expenses of. See ELECTION EXPENSES. may use elementary school for public meetings, 204 206. must include charge for use of school in election expenses, 206. need not include damage to school in election expenses, 206. deposit by, 207208. forfeiture of deposit by, 208 210. deemed to be withdrawn within provisions of Ballot Act, 208. withdrawn in pursuance of Ballot Act, 208. death of, commencement afresh of proceedings with rela- tion to election on, 163 164. INDEX. 765 CANDIDATE, PEESONS EMPLOYED BY, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. CASUAL VACANCY, meaning of election to fill a, 111. voting at election to fill, 111112. local government elector may vote for more than one ward or electoral division to fill, 110 112. OENTEAL TEIBUNAL, what is, 119. procedure by applicant before, 119. time for application to, 119. certificate of, 120121. OEETIFICATE, of Central Tribunal, 120121. authorizing employ^ of returning officer to vote at polling station other than allotted polling station, 203 204. OIECULAES, issuing, for purpose of promoting or procuring election of candidate, by unauthorized persons, 269 277. CITY OF LONDON. See LONDON. CIVIL SEEVICE, ACTS AND EULES EELATINQ- TO, what are, 1,53. OHAMBEES IN INNS OF COUET, are a "house," 19. OHAIEMAN OF UEBAN DISTEIOT COUNCIL, returning officer, 211. CLAIM, who may make, to be registered, 342. time for making, 342343. form of, 343, 562569. where, made by another person on behalf of claimant, 343. publication by registration officer of lists of claimants, 343. time for, 343. consideration of, by registration officer, 347. time for, 347. notice to parties as to, 347. powers of registration officer on, 347. registration officer to supply forms of, without fee, 351. registration officer to supply copy of, on payment of fee, 35L 766 INDEX. CLAIM continued . mode of sending, 351. who may appear on consideration of, 353. powers and duty of registration officer with respect to cor- rection of lists in consequence of his decision on, 347 348. notice as to mode of making, duty of registration officer to publish, 341. appeal from decision of registration officer as to, 134-137. by naval or military voter to be registered for actual resi- dence qualification, 91 92. CLAIM AS TO POLLING PLACE, person residing outside polling district in which he is regis- tered may make claim to vote at another polling place, 348. form of claim, 752. CLAIMANT, appeal by. See APPEAL. no appeal by, who has not availed himself of opportunity of being heard before registration officer, 135, 137. CLAIMANTS, LISTS OF, publication by registration officer of, 343. time for, 343. CLEEK, in employment of candidate, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. COMMON COUNCIL, registration expenses of, how paid, 146. COMMENCEMENT OF ACT, 336. COMPENSATION TO ASSISTANT OVEESEEES, 148153. how calculated, 149152. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOE, 117121. legally incapacitated, 7, 118. effect of disqualification, 118. taking up service of naval or military voter, 119120. time for, 120. taking up work of national importance, 120. absolutely exempted, 113. wife of, not disqualified, 121. INDEX. 767 CONSTITUENCY, meaning of, other than a university constituency, 3, foot- note (a). meaning of words "in that constituency," in sect. 4 (1)... 7172. registration in more than one, 108. definition, 305. division of county or borough regarded as, 305. university, definition of, 306. 'OONSTEUCTIVE OCCUPATION, in business premises qualification, 26 27. in local government franchise, 44 45. OONSTEUOTIVE RESIDENCE, what is, 1.215. CONVICT, legally incapacitated, 56. COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEACTICES, committed outside United Kingdom, 283 303. period of time within which proceedings in respect of, must be commenced, 302303. OOEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PRACTICES LIST, duty of registration officer to publish, 342. COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEAOTICES PEEVENTION ACT, 1883, made permanent, 278. COEEUPT PEAOTIOE, incurring expenses on account of public meetings, etc., without candidate's authorization, 274 376. punishment, 274r 276. list of corrupt practices, 287293. punishment of personation, 287 288. other, 293294. person guilty of, when subject to legal incapacity, 6 7. COEEUPT OFFENCE, PEESON GUILTY OF, legally incapacitated, 7. COUNCIL, BOROUGH, registration expenses and, 139141. COUNCIL, COUNTY, registration expenses and, 139141. OOUNOILLOE, qualification of, for membership of local government autho- rity, 123124. 768 INDEX. COUNSEL, may not appear on hearing of claim or objection, 353. may appear on appeal, 641. COUNTIES, PARLIAMENTARY, list of, showing divisions, contents and number of members England, excluding Monmouthshire, 482 536. Wales and Monmouthshire, 536 543. Scotland, 543554. list of, containing more than one county, 632. COUNTY COUNCIL, registration expenses and, 139141. COUNTY COURT, 1.35139. defined, 135139. rules of, 135137, 636668. appeal to, when lies, 137. appeal from, 135138. registration officer to furnish information to, when required, 350. as to consolidation of appeals, 350. COUNTY COURT RULES, 135137, 636668. forms, 648661.. COUNTY COURT RULES, 1918 (No. 2), 662668. COUNTY FUND, registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. COUNTY PURPOSES, SPECIAL, registration expenses may be paid as expenses for, 139 140. COURT OF APPEAL, . appeal from County Court to, 135 138. rules of, 135137, 669671. COURT, RULES OF, 135137, 636671. DATES, in connection with first register, 128 129. alteration of, in connection with first register, 336. See also REGISTRATION DATES. DAY OF ELECTION, meaning of, at general election, 179 180. at bye-election, 179, 180. INDEX. ?69 DAY OP NOMINATION. See NOMINATION. DAY OF THE POLL, See POLL. DECLARATION OF IDENTITY, to be sent with ballot paper to absent voter, 173, 181. DECLARATION, as to age or nationality, registration officer may require, before registering any person, 352. fee in connection with, 352. registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, to be made, 353,. by candidate as to election expenses, 264. by election agent as to election expenses, 264. DECLARATIONS, at university election, provided by present Act, 358. DEPOSIT, by candidates, 207 208. forfeiture of candidate's, 208210. at university election, 210. when election held under system of transferable vote, how number of votes reckoned, 210. DESCRIPTION, INACCURATE, provisions as to misnomer or, 353 354. DIRECT PECUNIARY LOSS, meaning of, 149152. DIRECTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD to registration officers, 133. See also LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF. DISQUALIFICATION, of returning officer for being candidate removed in certain cases, 218, 219. in Scotland, not removed, 220. in Ireland, not removed, 220. DISQUALIFICATIONS, 112123. poor relief no longer disqualifies, 116 117. conscientious objectors, 117 121. legally incapacitated, 118. effect of disqualification, 118. women cannot be, 117. See also LEGAL INCAPACITY. F. 49 770 INDKX. DIVISION of county or borough regarded as a constituency, 305. DOCUMENT, destruction, mutilation or removal of, penalty for, 351. DOCUMENTS, PUBLICATION OF, meaning of, in Registration Eules, 350 351. keeping document published, 351. periods during which particular documents must be kept published, 748, 750. effect of non-compliance with rules as to, 351. penalty, 351. DUTIES, REGISTRATION, 133134. penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. DWELLING-HOUSE, what is, 4954, 307. inhabited by virtue of office, service or employment, 49 56. not inhabited by person in whose service elector is, 55 56. does not include lodgings, 70. definition of, in present Act, 307. ELECTION, day of, at general election, meaning of, 179. at bye-election, 179. time appointed for, 207 208. when begins, 242250. meaning of, in sect. 8 (2)... 111. to fill a casual vacancy, meaning of, 111. voting at, 111 112. held during present war or 12 months thereafter, special provisions as to, 337. ELECTION AGENT, appointment of, 271. necessity for early, 276 277. written authorization of, necessary for holding public meet- ing, etc., in support of candidate, 276. ELECTION AGENT, SUB-AGENT, POLLING AGENT, CLERK OR MESSENGER, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. INDEX. 771 ELECTION, BOROUGH, expression, in First Schedule (Part IV.) of Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, as to maximum scale of election expenses in- cludes university election, 281. ELECTION EXPENSES, 223264. what are, 224232, 242250. maximum scale of, 223, 228, 229, 230232. return of, 264. declaration by election agent, 264. declaration by candidate, 264. persons legally employed for payment, 224226, 231232, 232242. of joint candidates, 229230. illegal practice of incurring expense in excess of maximum, 231. fee to election agent, 232. personal expenses of candidate, 232. public meetings, 250253, 263264. political education, 250 253. pamphlets, etc., 253 254. 4( nursing " constituency, 254 255. committee room, 255 256. registration, improving, 257 259. newspaper, 258 259. conversazione, 259 260. expense incurred by association, 260 262. printing and publishing addresses, etc., 262 263. university election, at, 281. applicability of maximum scale to, 281. expenses of public meetings, advertisements, circulars, etc., not to be incurred by unauthorized persons, 269 277. must be returned as part of candidate's, 276. corrupt practice of incurring such expense, 274 276. punishment, 274276. written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. charge for use of elementary school to be included in, 206. damage to elementary school need not be included in, 206. ELECTION, GENERAL, definition, 306. ELECTION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, definition, 305306. 49(2) 77^ INDEX. ELECTION, PLACE OP, what is, 223. in Scotland, 223. in Ireland, 223. ELECTION PETITION, when vote may be disallowed on, 1013 107. ELECTION, UNIVERSITY, definition of, 306. See also UNIVERSITY ELECTION. ELECTOR, PARLIAMENTARY, meaning of, " for a constituency (other than a university constituency)," 3, footnote (a). for university constituency, meaning of, 38. ELECTORAL AREA, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, definition, 305. ELECTORAL DIVISION, WARD OR, local government elector not entitled to vote for more than one, except to fill casual vacancy, 110 112. local government elector may be registered in more than one, except in municipal borough, 111. ELECTORS LISTS, duty of registration officer with respect to preparation of, 341. form of, 341, 603604. registration officer to allow inspection of, 351. registration officer to allow extracts to be taken from, 351 . registration officer on payment of fee to supply copies of, 351 . corrections in, by registration officer otherwise than in pur- suance of claim or objection, 348 349. notice to person affected, 348 349. formation of, into register, 349. powers and duty of registration officer to correct and make complete, 347348. duty of registration officer to publish, 341. date for publication, 341. notice as to mode of making objections to, duty of regis- tration officer to publish, 341. notice as to mode of making claims, duty of registry tiou officer to publish, 341. INDEX. 773 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, right to use- of, by candidate, 204 206. charge to cover expenses incurred by local education authority, 205206, to be returned as part of election expenses, 206. damage to, by reason of use by candidate, 205 206. not an election expense, 206. meaning of, in Scotland, 207. EMPLOYEE may possibly be entitled to business premises qualification, 36, 37. EMPLOYEE, when, occupies premises for purpose of business, profession or trade, 34^-36. EMPLOYEE, ABSENT, may be entitled to business premises qualification, 36. EXEMPTION, ABSOLUTE, of conscientious objector, effect of, on qualification, 113. EXPENSES, of returning officer, 214 217. Treasury scale of maximum, 216, 217. Treasury regulations as to, 216, 217. of public meetings, advertisements, circulars, etc., not to be incurred by unauthorized persons, 269 277. written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. must be returned as part of candidate's election ex- penses, 276. incurring, on account of public meetings, or issuing adver- tisements, circulars or publications by unauthorized persons, is corrupt practice, 292 293. punishment for, 293 294. EXPENSES, EEGISTEATION, 139145. scale of, 610 612. See also EEGISTRATION EXPENSES. FAOTOE, registration officer may require, of householder, etc., to giy information, 352. penalty for not giving or giving false, 352. 774 INDEX. FALSE DEOLAEATION, MAKING KNOWINGLY, 292. punishment for, 293294. FEE, list of foes in connection with registration, 751. for registration for university constituency, 154, 155. fees received by registration officer to be accounted for, 141, 142. FELON, subject to legal incapacity, 5 6. FIEST EEGISTEE, coming into force and duration of, 336, 752. alteration of registration dates in connection with, 336, 749, 752. period during which to be kept published, 748, 750. FISHEEMAN, when, may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201. included in " naval or military voters," 77 78, 83 84. FIVE POUNDS, yearly value of, meaning of, 7071. FLAT may be a "house," 1720. FOEFEITUEE OF DEPOSIT, 208210. FOEMS, Order in Council prescribing, for registration purposes, 133 134, 555578. Order in Council prescribing, for Scotland and Ireland, 626 627. County Court Eules Forms, 648661. Form of Information from Householder or Occupier (Form A), 556560. of Information from Owner, Agent or Factor (Form B), 560561. requiring supplemental information (Form 0), 561. of Claim to be registered, Man's Parliamentary Claim (Eesidence Qualification), 562. of Eequisition for certified copy of entry of birth, 576. of Eegister, 577578. of Claim to be registered, Man's Parliamentary Claim (Business Premises Qualification), 563. of Claim to be registered, Woman's Parliamentary Claim (Own Occupation), 564. INDEX. 775 FORMS continued. of Claim to be registered, Woman's Parliamentary Claim (Husband's Occupation), 565. of Claim to be registered, Local Government Claim (all Oases except that of a Woman Claiming in respect of her Husband's Qualification), 566. of Claim to be registered, Loc&l Government Claim (Woman Claiming in respect of Husband's Quali- fication), 567. of Claim to be registered, Claim made by. one Person on behalf of another (Parliamentary), 568. of Claim to be registered, Claim made by one Person on behalf of another (Local Government), 568. of Claim for Correction of Entry in Lists, 569. of Claim and Declaration to be made by Naval and Military Voters before being registered in respect of an Actual Residence Qualification, 569. of Notice of Objection to Lists of Parliamentary Electors, 570. of Notice of Objection to Lists of Local Govern- ment Electors, 570. of Notice of Objection to Claims (Parliamentary), 570. of Notice of Objection to Claims (Local Govern- ment), 571. Forms of Statement to be made under sect. 5 (2) of the Act, by Men, 571573. by Women, 573 574. Form of Claim to be placed on Absent Voters List, 575. of Notice of Appeal from decision of registration officer to registration officer, 575. to opposite party, 576. of voting paper at university election, 372. Scotland, 383386. of claim to vote in polling district where voter does not reside, 752. of application for appointment of a Proxy, 754. of authority to apply for appointment of a Proxy, 755. of Proxy Paper, 756. of Cancellation of Proxy Paper, 757. of Receipt for money levied or paid under process, 666. of Certificate on Taxation under sect. 29 of present Act, 667. 776 INDEX. FORMS continued. of claim and notices of objections to be supplied by regis- tration officer without fee, 351. FOUR MONTHS, meaning of provisions as to letting during, 16 23. in local government franchise, 45 46, 60. FRANCHISE, parliamentary (men), 1 37. university, men, 37 40. for Scottish universities, 39. iocal government (men), 40 63. parliamentary (women), 63 73. university (women), 73. -fecal government (women), in own right, 73 75. -local government (women) in husband's right, 75 76. of male naval or military voter, 76 93. residence qualification, 86 90. actual, 9193, business premises qualification, 86 91. university qualification, 86, 90, 93. of female naval or military voter, 93 94. parliamentary and local government franchise enacted by present Act to take the place of all parliamentary and local government franchises previously existing, 308. FRANCHISE, SERVICE, for local government elections, 48 56. FRANCHISES, MEMORANDUM AS TO, issued by Local Government Board to registration officers, 589596. FREE POSTAGE, right to, by candidate, 264269. FREEHOLD, COPYHOLD OR ANY OTHER TENURE, owner of property held by, meaning of in sect. 10... 124. FREEMEN, registration of, 147 148. voting by, 147 148. FULL AGE, what is, 4. women must attain, for loi'al government franchise in own right, 7374. INDEX. 777 FULL PAY, serving on, as member of naval, military or air forces of Crown, 8283. women may perhaps be, 82 83. FUND, BOROUGH, registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. where no, or borough rate, how paid, 139 140. contribution by Parliament, to, 141. FUND, COUNTY, registration expends to be paid out of, 139 140. FURNISHED HOUSE. See LETTING. GENERAL ELECTION, definition, 306. GROSS ESTIMATED RENTAL, what is, 28 33. opinion of registration officer as to, 30 33. GROSS VALUE, what is, 2833. opinion of registration officer as to, 30 33. HOLIDAYS not to be counted in reckoning time for purposes of Regis- tration Rules,. 353354. HOUSE, meaning of, 1622. "HOUSE" AND "DWELLING-HOUSE," DIFFERENCE BETWEEN, 2122. HOUSEHOLDER, registration officer may require, or occupier of land to give information, 352. notice requiring jnformation may be sent by post, 352. penalty for not giving or giving false information, 352. HOUSE TO HOUSE INQUIRY, registration officer to make, for purpose of preparing electors lists, 341. 778 INDEX. IDENTITY, DEOLAEATION OF, to be sent with ballot paper to absent voter, 172 173, 181- IDIOT, subject to legal incapacity, 5. ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT, 300301. punishment of, 302. candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. person guilty of, etc., legally incapacitated, 6, 7. ILLEGAL HIEING, 301302. punishment of, 302. candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. ILLEGAL PAYMENT, 299300. punishment of, 302. candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. ILLEGAL PEACTIOE, person guilty of, when subject to legal incapacity, 6 7. list of illegal practices, 294 299. punishment of, 299. voting for more constituencies than allowed, punishment for, 164165, 166. relief from, 164r 165, 166. incurring expense in excess of maximum is an, 231 . in connection with voting by proxy, 361. ILLEGAL PEACTICES, OOEEUPT AND, duty of registration officer to publish list of, 342. IMBECILE, subject to legal incapacity, 5. INAOCUEATE DESOEIPTION, provisions as to misnomer or, 353. INCAPACITY, LEGAL. See LEGAL INCAPACITY. INFANT, subject to legal incapacity, 5. INFOEMATION, registration officer may require any householder, etc., or factor to give, 352. notice requiring, may be sent by post, 352. penalty for not giving or giving false, 351. INFEINGEMENT OF SEOEEOY, 286287. INDEX. 77$ INQUIRY, house to house, to be made by registration officer, for pur- pose of preparing electors lists, 341 . INSTRUCTIONS by Local Government Board to registration officers. See LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF. INTERPRETATION, 305308, IRELAND, application of Act to, 326 335 V . meaning of "yearly value" in, 33, 335. register in, 130, 334335. registration officers and areas in, 132, 327 328, 329330. appeals in, 138139, 331. registration expenses in, 143145, 327329, 331332. meaning of "expenses properly incurred by the regis- tration officer " in, 144 145. application of Registration Rules to, 354 357. registration forms for, Order in Council prescribing, 626 627. ISLES OF SCILLY, application of Act to, 335. JOINT OCCUPATION, in business premises qualification, 37. in local government franchise, 56 57, 60. by lodgers, 60. may be by one on behalf of others, 57. in women's parliamentary franchise, 69 70. LAND OR OTHER PREMISES, meaning of, for business premises qualification, 28. LAND OR PREMISES, meaning of, for local government franchise, 60. LAND OR PREMISES (NOT A DWELLING-HOUSE) OF YEARLY VALUE OF 5. meaning of, 70. LAST DAY OF QUALIFYING PERIOD, what is, 9. 780 INDEX. LAW, POINT OF, appeal to Court of Appeal only on, 137 138. what is, 138. LEGAL INCAPACITY, effect of, 78. nature of, 4. for men's parliamentary franchises, who are subject to, 5 7. for men's university franchise, 38. for men's local government franchise, 42. for franchises of women, 67 68, 73, 74, 75. for franchise of naval or military voter, 82. duty of registration officer as to persons subject to, 7 8. LETTING QUALIFYING PREMISES, effect on residence qualification, 16 23. four months need not be consecutive, 22. tenant may qualify, 22 23. effect on business premises qualification, 27 28. in local government franchise, 45 46. LIMITATION, period of time within which proceedings under sect. 38 may be commenced, 283. what is, 303. how reckoned, 284, 302303. LIMITATION IN NUMBER OF VOTES ALLOWED, 108112. LISTS OF CLAIMANTS, publication of, by registration officer, 343. time for, 343. LISTS OF PERSONS OBJECTED TO, publication of, by registration officer, 344 345. time for, 344345. LISTS. See ELECTORS LISTS. LIVERY-MAN. See FREEMEN. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY, meaning of, 124. LOCAL AUTHORITY, QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBER- SHIP OF, 123124. enlarged by present Act, 123. INDEX. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF, to registration officers, 133 134. as to duties of registration officer, 579 580. certificates of birth and statutory declarations, 580. franchises, 580581, 589596. order of names in register, 581 582. employment of overseers, 582 583. registration expenses, 583 584. printing arrangements, 584 587. appointment of deputy registration officers, 587 588. to registration officers, as to division of parliamentary con- stituencies into polling districts and appointment of poll- ing places, 618619. to registration officers, as to registration expenses, 620. as to order of names in register, 621. as to vacancy in office of registration officer, 621. as to polling districts and polling places, 621622. as to access to food registers, 623. as to naval and military voters, 623 624. as to provision of ballot boxes, etc., 624 625. as to work recognized under sect. 5 (3) (ii) (c), 625. as to registration of naval or military voters, 628 629. as to delivery of cards containing statements of naval or military voters, 630631. as to title for electors lists, 631. as to absent voters list, publication of documents, etc., 632. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTION, definition, 305306. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORAL AREA, definition, 305. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896, made permanent, 278. LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. See FRANCHISE. LODGER, difference between tenant and, 57 58. meaning of, 58. difference between " occupation " by, and occupation by tenant, 5960. apartments of, must be unfurnished for local government franchise, 57 58. occupation by, meaning of, 59 60. joint occupation by, 60. 782 INDEX. LODGINGS cannot be a "dwelling-house,'* 70. LOSS, DIRECT PECUNIARY, meaning of, 149153. LUNATIC, subject to legal incapacity, 5. LUNATIC ASYLUM. See ASYLUM. MARK, against name in register, 340, 577. placing of, against name in register, appeal from regis- tration officer as to, 135, 136, 137. MEETING OF PARLIAMENT, time appointed for, 162. MEMBER OF NAVAL, MILITARY OR AIR FORCES OF CROWN, 8283. women may perhaps be, 82 83. MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISES, issued by Local Government Board to registration officers, 589596. MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS, issued by Local Government Board, 605 609. MERCHANT SEAMAN, when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201 202. MESSENGER, in employment of candidate, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. METROPOLIS, value of premise* in, to be " gross value," 28 31, 307 308. METROPOLITAN BOROUGH, included in "municipal borough " in Part V. of Act, 145 146. application of Part II. of Act to, 145146. registration expenses in, how paid, 146. METROPOLITAN BOROUGH COUNCIL, registration expenses of, how paid, 146. MILITARY VOTER. See NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER. MISNOMER, provisions us to, or inaccurate description, 353. INDEX. 783 MUNICIPAL BOROUGH, local government elector may not be registered in more than one ward or electoral division of, 111 112. reference to, in Part II. of Act to include metropolitan borough, 145146. MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS (CORRUPT AND ILLEGAL PRACTICES) ACT, 1884, made permanent, 278. NAMES, order of, in register, 340. NATIONAL IMPORTANCE, work of, what is, 84 85. work recognized as of, list of bodies with addresses, 608 609. list of bodies recognized by Admiralty, Army Council and Air Council as work of, 635. NATIONAL REGISTER, registration officer to have access to, 352. NATIONALITY, declaration as to, registration officer may require, before registering any person, 352. registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, to be made, 353. NATURALISATION, certificate of, registration officer may require, before register- ing any person, 352. NAVAL OR MILITARY CHARACTER, service of, what is, 84. women may be. in, 84. NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER, franchise of, 7694. legal incapacities applicable to, 82. what is, 7685. age required for female, 80. age required for male, 80 82. 784 INDEX. NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER continued. male, qualified at 19 years of age, 80 82. but not discharged soldier or sailor, 81 82. qualifications, 85 94. male, residence qualification, 86 90. actual, 9193. business premises qualification, 86 91. university qualification, 86, 90, 93. female, qualifications of, 93 94. qualifying period applicable to, 87 88, 91, 92. registration of, 88 90. statement by, as to qualification, 88' 89. when received by registration officer too late for in- clusion in electors lists, to be treated as claim to be registered, 749. when statement by merchant seaman, &c. contains state- ment of actual residence, registration officer neverthe- less to place name on absent voters list, 749. claim to be registered for actual residence qualification, 9193. registered by virtue of residence qualification which he would have had but for service, deemed to be resident for pur- pose of women's local government franchise in husband's right, 76. registered in respect of qualification he would have had but for service, deemed to be registered by virtue of that qualification, 112. when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201202. duty of registration officer to place, on absent voters list, 345346. when not to be placed on absent voters list, 345 346. notice by, that he does not desire to be placed on absent voters list, 345. time for, 345. registered in respect of actual residence qualification, not to be placed on absent voters list, 346. information as to, to be supplied by Admiralty, Army Coun- cil and Air Council to registration officers, 346. registration officer to keep record of addresses of, conditions under which record of addresses open to inspection, 346. memorandum as to, issued by Local Government Board, 605 INDEX. 785 NINETEEN YEAES, AGE OF, male naval or military voter qualified at, 80 82. meaning of, 81. discharged soldier or sailor not qualified at nineteen. 8182. NOMINATED, duly, meaning of, 265269. NOMINATION, meaning of "duly nominated," 265 269. what is, 265269. place of, 217. day appointed for, meaning of, 179 180. day fixed for receiving nominations to be same in all con- stituencies, 161 163. NOTICE, registration officer to give, to person affected by correction in lists otherwise than in pursuance of claim or objection, 348349. NOTICE OF OBJECTION. See also OBJECTION. registration officer to supply forms of, without fee, 351. registration officer to supply copy of, on payment of fee, 351. amount of fee, 748, 751. mode of sending, 351. NOTICE TO QUIT, effect of, on residence in connection with residence quali- fication, 16, 23. effect of, on occupation in connection with business premises qualification, 27, 28. on occupation in connection with local government fran- chise, 45, 46. NUMBEE OF VOTES ALLOWED, 108112. OATH, power of registration officer to require evidence on, at hearing of claim or objection, 353. F. 50 786 INDEX. OBJECTION, who may object, 344. how made, 344. notice of, 344. time for sending, 344. copy of, to be sent by registration officer to person ob- jected to, 344. to name in electors list, 344. in list of claimants, 344. list of persons to whose names notice of, has been given, publication of, by registration officer, 344 345. time for, 344345. time during which to be kept published, 748, 750. publication of objections to lists, 344. to claims, 344345. time during which to be kept published, 748, 750. to correction of lists by registration officer not in pursuance of claim or objection, 348 349. who may appear on consideration of, 353. notice as to mode of making, duty of registration officer to publish, 341. powers and duty of registration officer with respect to cor- rection of lists in consequence of his decision on, 347 348. registration officer to supply forms of notice of, without fee, 351. registration officer to supply copy of notice of, on payment of fee, 351. amount of fee, 748, 751. mode of sending, 351. consideration of, by registration officer, 347. time for, 347. notice to parties as to, 347. powers of registration officer on, 347. appeal from decision of registration officer as to, 134 137. OBJECTOK, no appeal by, who has not availed himself of opportunity of being heard before registration officer, 135, 137. OBJEOTOE, CONSCIENTIOUS, subject to legal incapacity, 7, 117 121. OCCUPIED FOB THE PUEPOSE OE BUSINESS, PEO- PESSION OE TEADE, meaning of, 3437. INDEX. 787 OCCUPATION, meaning of, for business premises qualification, 25 28. constructive, 2627, 4445. when deemed not to be interrupted by letting for business premises qualification, 27 28. as owner or tenant, meaning of, in' local government fran- chise, 43 46. when deemed not to be interrupted by letting in local govern- ment franchise, 45 46. by lodger, meaning of, 59 60. OCCUPATION, JOINT. See JOINT OCCUPATION. OCCUPATION, SUCCESSIVE. See SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION. OCCUPYING, in local government franchise, used in different meanings, 4344. comparison between meaning of, in sects. 1 and 3... 44. OFFENCES COMMITTED OUTSIDE UNITED KINGDOM, punishment of, 283 303. period of time within which proceedings must be com- menced, 284, 302 303. OFFENCES IN RESPECT OF NOMINATION PAPERS, BALLOT PAPERS, ETC., 285286. OFFENCES UNDER BALLOT ACT, 285287. OFFICIAL TELEGRAPHIC INFORMATION, of writ having been issued for election to be equivalent to receipt of writ, 161162, 163. OFFICERS, REGISTRATION, 130131. in Scotland, 131. in Ireland, 132. duties of, 133134. penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. See also REGISTBATION OFFICER. ORDER IN COUNCIL, prescribing forms for registration purposes, 133 134, 555 578. prescribing dates in connection with first register, 128 129, 749, 752. prescribing forms for Scotland and Ireland, 626 627. 50 (2) 788 INDEX. ORDER IN COUNCIL continued. complying with provisions of Eules Publication Act, 1893... 626627. prescribing fees, period during which documents mus't be kept published, registration dates, rules in connection with statements by naval or military voters, etc., 747 753. permitting voting by proxy by naval or military voters in certain areas abroad, 753. prescribing forms and making regulations as to the mode in which proxy papers may be issued and cancelled, 754 757. All Orders in Council under Act to be laid before Parlia- ment, 304. power of either House of Parliament to annul, 304. any, may be revoked or varied by subsequent, 304. to have effect as if enacted in Act, 304. OVEKSEEE, registration officer may require, to prepare and publish electors lists, 341 342. duty of, as to preparation of lists, etc., 341 342. to furnish information to registration officer, 341 342. expenses of, in connection with preparation of lists, etc., to be paid by registration officer, 342. meaning of, 342. instructions by registration officer to overseers, issued by Local Government Board, 397 609. OWNEE, meaning of, in relation to local government franchise, 46. meaning of owner of property held by freehold, copyhold or any other tenure in sect. 10... 124. OXEOED AND CAMBEIDGE, women not admitted to degrees at, but qualified to vote for, 73. PAELIAMENT, all Orders in Council under Act to be laid before, 304. power of either House of, to annul Orders in Council, 304. PAELIAMENT, MEETING OP, time appointed for, 162. PAELIAMENT, MONEYS PEOVIDED BY, contribution out of, to council on account of registration expenses, 141. INDEX. 789 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND CORRUPT PRAC- TICES ACT, 1880, made permanent, 278. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS RETURNING OFFICERS EXPENSES (SCOTLAND) ACT, 1878, made permanent, 278. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS (RETURNING OFFICERS) ACT, 1875, made permanent, 278. PECUNIARY LOSS, DIRECT, meaning of, 149152. PEER, legally incapacitated for parliamentary franchise, 5. but not for local government franchise, 42. PEERESS, in own right, not disqualified, 115, 122123. by marriage, not disqualified, 122 123. PEMBROKE AND BLACKROOK, townships of, contributions by, in respect of registration expenses, 145. PERSONATION, 287289. punishment for, 287289. PERSONS EMPLOYED BY CANDIDATE, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. PERSONS HOLDING CERTAIN OFFICES LEGALLY IN- CAPACITATED, 5. PETITION, ELECTION, when vote may be disallowed on, 103 107. PILOT, when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201202. PLACE OF ELECTION, what is, 223, 682683. in Scotland, -223. in Ireland, 223. POINT OF LAW, appeal to Court of Appeal only on. 137-138. 790 INDEX. POLL, day of the, meaning of, 179 180. all polls to be held on one day at general election, 161. day of, at general election, 162163, 179180. day of, at bye-election, 162163, 179180. questions at. See QUESTIONS AT POLL. POLLING AGENT, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. POLLING DISTEIOT, person residing outside, in which he is registered may make claim to vote at another polling place, 348. form of claim, 748, 752. POLLING DISTRICTS, division of constituency into, 220 222. in Scotland, 222. in Ireland, 222. re-arrangement of, 303 304. POLLING PLAGE, person residing outside polling district in which he is en- titled to be registered may claim to vote at another, 348. form of claim, 748, 752. POLLING PLACES, re-arrangement of, 303 304. appointment of, 220 222. in Scotland, 222. in Ireland, 222. POLLING STATION, voting by person in employment of returning officer at, other than allotted, 203204. POOR RELIEF, no disqualification by reason of receipt of, 116 117. POOR HOUSE, inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. POSTAGE, FREE, right to, by candidate, 264269. POSTMASTER-GENERAL, regulations by, as to free postage by candidate, 264 265. INDEX. 791 PEESOEIBED, meaning of, 308. PEEMISES. See QUALIFYING PREMISES; BUSINESS PREMISES. meaning of, in relation to residence qualification, 23. PEISON, inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. PBOOEDUEE ON APPEALS, determined by rules of court, 135 137. PBOMOTING OE PBOCUEING ELECTION OF CANDIDATE, what is, 271274. PEOPOETIONAL EEPBESENTATION, 155161. applicable only to university elections, 155, 160 161. what is, 158160. scheme for, in constituencies other than university consti- tuencies, 155157, 160161. rejected, 160161. draft Eules as to, 718736. PEOXY, VOTING BY, 174176, 200203. area abroad in which permitted, 174. who may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201 202. rules as to (4th Schedule), 359362. illegal practice in connection with, 361. PUBLIC BODIES COEEUPT PEAOTICES ACT, 1889, persons twice convicted under, legally incapacitated, 7. PUBLIC MEETINGS, ETC., expenses on account of holding, or issuing advertisements, circulars, etcf., not to be incurred by unauthorized persons, 269 277. written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. must be returned as part of candidate's election expenses, 276. corrupt practice of incurring such expenses, 274 276, 293294. PUBLICATION, of documents, meaning of, in Eegistration Eules, 350 351. keeping document published, 351. period during which documents must be kept published, 748750. effect of non-compliance with rules as to, of documents, 351 . penalty, 351. 792 INDEX. PUBLICATIONS, ADVEETISEMENTS, CIECULAES OB, meaning of "publications," 271. QUALIFICATION FOE MEMBEESHIP OF LOCAL AUTHO- - EITY, 123124. enlarged by present Act, 123. meaning of owner in relation to, 124. QUALIFICATION, EESIDENCE. See EESIDENCE QUALIFICA- TION. for parliamentary franchise, what is, 8 24. QUALIFICATIONS. See FRANCHISE. difference between, of women and men for parliamentary franchise, 69. QUALIFYING PEEIOD, 9498. ordinary, 95 96. special, 96 98. applicable to naval or military voter, 87 88, 91, 92, 96 98. effect of provisions as to special, on sect. 7 (2)... 97 98. in Ireland, 98. , last day of, what is, 9. for residence qualification and business premises qualifi- cation, what is, 9, 24. for local government franchise, what is, 61. for naval or military voter in local government franchise, 9798. QUALIFYING PEEMISES, nature of, for residence qualification, 23. nature of, for business premises qualification, 28 33. nature of, for local government franchise (men) "service voter," 4954. lodger, 57 58. owner or tenant, 60. for women's parliamentary franchise, 68 71. "in that constituency," meaning of, 7172. QUESTIONS AT POLL, 165, 167172. questions prescribed by present Act, 167168, 358. penalty for false answer, 169. meaning of, 171. when to be put to voter, 171 172. INDEX. 793 QUESTIONS 'AT POLL continued. questions " authorized already to be asked," 168 169. penalty for false answer, 168 169. oath in connection with, 168 169. meaning of, 169 171. when to be put to voter, 171 172. not to be asked at university election, 172. declarations in university voting paper equivalent to, 172. BATE, BOBOUGH, registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. where no, or borough fund, how paid, 139 140. contribution by Parliament to, 141. BECKONING OP TIME, for purposes of Begistration Bules, 353 354. BED CBOSS SOCIETY, person abroad or afloat serving in work of, a naval or military voter, 77 78, 8385. BEDISTBIBUTION, 282283. schedule as to, 403554. Parliamentary Boroughs London, 404419. England, excluding London and Monmouthshire, 465467. Scotland, 468481. Parliamentary Counties England, excluding Monmouthshire, 482 536. Wales and Monmouthshire, 536 543. Scotland, 543554. Universities, 554. in Ireland, not affected by present Act, 283. BEGISTEB, spring, 125130. period during which, in force, 127 128. autumn, 125130. period during which, in force, 127 128. dates in connection with first, 128 129. date of first, 128129. 794 INDEX. EEGISTER continued. duration of first, 613. how far conclusive, 103 108. placing or refusal to place mark against name on, appeal from registration officer as to, 135, 136, 137. copies of, to be kept by registration officer in his office for inspection, 349. copies of part of, relating to registration unit, to be kept for inspection in unit, 349. registration officer to send copy of, to Local Government Board as soon as possible after publication, 349. copy of, to be furnished to applicant by registration officer, 350. marks against names in, 340, 577. order of names in, 340. effect of, 340341. formation of lists into, 349. publication of, 349. time for, 349. manner of, 349. time during which first register to be kept published, 748, 750. to be framed in separate parts for each registration unit, 339. separate divisions for parliamentary and local government electors, 339. form of, 577578. specimen form of, alphabetical order, 603. street order, 604. prepared during present war and 12 months thereafter, special provisions as to, 337. for university constituencies, 153 155. fee for registration, 154, 155. in Ireland, 129130, 334335. See also CLAIM; OBJECTION. EEGISTEE, FIEST. See EEOISTEE. coming into force and duration of, 336, 613, 749, 752. alteration of registration dates in connection with, 336, 749, 752. EEGISTEE, NATIONAL, registration officer to have access to, 352. INDEX. 795 REGISTRATION. See also other headings under REGISTRATION below (REGISTRATION AREA; REGISTRATION DATES, etc.). effect of, on right to vote, 103 108. in more than one constituency, 108. of naval or military voter, 88 90. of naval or military voter, assistance to registration officer in, 181. naval or military voter registered in respect of qualification he would have had but for service to be deemed to be registered by virtue of that qualification, 112. of local government elector in more than one ward or electoral division allowed except in municipal borough, 111112. of local government elector in more than one ward or electoral division of municipal borough not allowed, 111 112. of freemen, 147 148. REGISTRATION APPEALS RULES, 1918, being Rules of Supreme Court as to appeals to the Court of Appeal from the County Court, 669671. REGISTRATION AREA, what is, 128, 130131. in Scotland, 131. in Ireland, 132. REGISTRATION DATES, table of, 129, 752. alteration of, in connection with first register, 336, 749, 752. last date in connection with first register for notice by naval or military voter that he does not desire to be placed on absent voters list (Pirst Schedule, r. 17), 749, 752. REGISTRATION DUTIES, 1,33134. penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. REGISTRATION EXPENSES, 1.39145. incurred by registration officer, 139 142. how paid, 139142. contribution by council of other area, 139. Treasury scale of, 140 142, 610 612. questions as to, to be referred to Local Government Board, 140141. 796 INDEX. EEGISTKATION EXPENSES continued. how paid, where urban district is coterminous with or wholly contained in registration area which is a parliamentary borough, 145, 146. of Metropolitan Borough Council, how paid, 146. of Common Council, how paid, 146. advance to registration officer on account of, 141. in Scotland, 142143. in Ireland, 143145. EEGISTEATION OPEICEE, 130131. in Scotland, 1.31. in Ireland, 1.32. duties of, 133134. penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. who is, where registration area is a parliamentary county coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one adminis- trative county, 130. who is, where urban district is coterminous with or wholly contained in a registration area wliich is a parliamentary borough, 145, 146. who is, in any other case, 130. Table showing, 616, 617. Table of Parliamentary Counties containing more than one administrative county, indicating R. 0. for such Par- liamentary Counties, 632. Table of Parliamentary Boroughs containing more than one municipal borough or urban district, indicating E. 0. for such Parliamentary Boroughs, 633 634. expenses of, 139 142. how paid, 139 142. advance io, on account of registration expenses, 141. to account for fees, 141, 142. may require overseers to prepare lists, 341 342. to furnish information, 341 342. EEGISTEATION OEFIOEES OBDEB, 1918... 615 617. EEGISTBATION BULES, 133, 134, 339357. application of, to Scotland, 354. application of, to Ireland, 354 357. EEGISTEATION UNIT, what is, 339. INDEX. 797 REGULATIONS, as to university elections, 281. by Postmaster-General as to free' postage by candidate, 264 265. REPEALS, 337, 391402. RESIDE, PREMISES IN WHICH THEY BOTH, for women's local government franchise in husband's right, meaning of, 75 76. RESIDENCE. See also RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION; RESIDENCE, SUCCESSIVE. what is, 1116. when deemed not to be interrupted by letting, 16 23. when broken, 14 15. legal inability to reside, effect of, on, 14 15. voluntary incapacity to reside, effect of, on, 15. inmate or patient in prison, asylum, workhouse, etc., not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. where object of, is to obtain vote, effect, 15 16. necessity for, by husband and wife in women's local govern- ment franchise in husband's right, 75. where husband naval or military voter, 76. of naval or military voter husband of female local govern- ment elector, 76. RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION, for parliamentary franchise, what is, 8 24. naval or military voter (male), 86 90. actual, 9193. RESIDENCE, SUCCESSIVE, what is, 2324. necessity for residence during 30 consecutive days includ- ing last day of qualifying period in the case of, 9 10. RESIDING IN PREMISES. See also RESIDENCE. meaning of, 1016, 23. RETURNING OFFICER, who is, 211214. expenses of, 214217. Treasury scale of maximum, 216, 217. Treasury regulations as to, 216, 217. 798 INDEX. RETURNING OFFICER continued. discharge of duties of, by acting, 217 220. may reserve to himself and undertake to perform all or any duties of, 218, 219. where all duties of, discharged by acting returning officer, not disqualified for being candidate, 218, 219. giving casting vote by, not an illegal practice, 165, 167. to send ballot paper to absent voter, 173, 180181. to treat absent voter's ballot paper like ordinary ballot paper, 173, 182200. not to send ballot paper to absent voter who has appointed a proxy, 175 176, 202. not to send ballot paper to naval or military voter who is serving in area where voting by proxy is permitted, 175 176, 202. persons in the employment of, voting by, 203 204. at polling station other than allotted polling station, 203204. duty of, as to counting ballot papers, 182 200. may authorize employe to vote at polling station other than allotted polling station, 203204. in Scotland, 21j2. in Ireland, .212214. who is to be, for Scottish constituency situated in more than one sheriffdom, 391. BIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VOTE, 100112. RULES OP COURT, 134137, 636671. RULES, REGISTRATION, 133134, 339357. SOALE OE REGISTRATION EXPENSES, framed by Treasury, 140142, 610612. SOILLY, ISLES OF, application of Act to, 335. SCHEME FOR PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION, 155 157, 160161. rejected, 160161. SCHOOL, ELEMENTARY. See ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. INDEX. 799 SCOTLAND, application of Act to, 309326. meaning of "yearly value" in, 33, 310. local government franchise in, 63, 310 313. registration officers and areas in, 131, 317 319. appeals in, 138. registration expenses in, 142 143. application of Eegistration Eules to, 354. registration forms for, Order in Council prescribing, 626 627. SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES, franchise for, 39 40. SCRUTINY, when vote may be disallowed on, 103107. SEAMAN, MERCHANT, when, may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201 202. SECRECY, infringement of, 286287. SERVICE FRANCHISE, for local government elections, 48 56. SERVICE OP NAVAL OR MILITARY CHARACTER, what is, 84. women may be in, 84. SON, living in father's house may have residence qualification, 15. SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE, Report of, 737746. SPECIAL COUNTY PURPOSES, registration expenses may be paid as expenses for, 139 140. SPRING REGISTER, 125130. period during which, in force, 127 128. STATEMENT, by naval or military voter as to qualification, 88 89. STRUCTURAL SEVERANCE, necessary condition of "house," 20. SUB-AGENT, previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 800 INDEX. SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION, 23. in business premises qualification, 25. necessity for occupation during^ 30 consecutive days includ- ing last day of qualifying period in local government franchise, 43. fulfilled by occupation partly as owner, partly as tenant, 6061. in local government franchise, 61 63. SUCCESSIVE EESIDENOE, what is, 23f 24. necessity for residence during 30 consecutive days includ- ing last day of qualifying period in cases of, 9 10. SUPPLEMENTAL PEOVISIONS AS TO EESIDENOE AND OCCUPATION, 98100. SWALLOW VOTEES, provisions against, 910. TENANT, meaning of, in connection with local government franchise. 46> 48. . difference between lodger and, 58 59. TEEMINATIO^ OF WAE, meaning of, 118119. THIETY CONSECUTIVE DAYS, residence during, including last day of qualifying period, when necessary, 9 10. meaning of provisions as to, 10. occupation during, when necessary for local government franchise, 43. conditions as to occupation during, in local government franchise, fulfilled by occupation partly as owner, partly as tenant, 6061. occupation during, not necessary for business premises quali- fication, 25. THIETY YEAES, AGE OF, meaning of, 67. women must attain, for parliamentary franchise, 63, 67. women must attain, for university franchise, 73. women must attain, fo,r local government franchise in hus- band's right, 75. INDEX. 801 TIME, reckoning of, for purposes of Registration Rules, 353. for purposes of County Court Eules, 647. TIME ALLOWED FOE EEOEIPT AND EETUEN OF BALLOT PAPEE BY ABSENT VOTEE, 182. TRADE, meaning of, 35, 36. TEAITOE subject to legal incapacity, 56. TRANSFEEABLE VOTE, what is, 158160, 306307. TREATING, 291292. punishment for, 293294. TREASURY SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES, 140 142, 610612. TRIBUNAL, what is "appropriate," which conscientious objector has to satisfy that he has done work of national importance, 120. UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS, incurring expenses on account of public meetings, adver- tisements, etc., by, a corrupt practice, 292 293. punishment for, 293 294. UNDUE INFLUENCE, 292. punishment for, 293294. UNIT, REGISTRATION, what is, 339. UNIVERSITY CONSTITUENCY, what is, 38, 306. register for, 153 155. fee for registration, 154, 155. included in expression " borough " in Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, First Schedule, Part IV. (Maximum Scale of Elec- tion Expenses), 228, 281. list of university constituencies, showing number of members returned by each, 554. UNIVERSITY ELECTION, definition of, 306. proportional representation at, 155, 157 160. conduct of, 279281. F. '51 802 INDEX. UNIVERSITY ELECTION continued. election expenses at, 281. applicability of maximum scale to, 281. included in expression " borough election " in Part IV. of First Schedule of Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, as to maximum scale of election expenses, 228, 281. application of provisions as to voting in more constituen- cies than allowed (sect. 22) to, 172. declarations at, provided by present Act, 358. provisions as to (5th Schedule, Part I.), 364372. Scotland (5th Schedule, Part II.), 373380. UNIVEESITY FEANCHISE, men, 3740. for Scottish universities, 39. women, 73. naval or military voter, 85, 86, 90, 93, 94. UEBAN DISTEIOT, application of Part II. of Act where, is coterminous with or wholly contained in registration area which is parlia- mentary borough, 145, 146 147. VALUE, YEAELY. See YEARLY VALUE. VOTE, TEANSFEEABLE, what is, 158160, 306307. VOTE, when may be disallowed on scrutiny, 103 107. VOTES, number of, allowed, 108112. at parliamentary general election, 108 110, 112. bye-election, 110, 112. at local government election, 110 111. local government election to fill casual vacancy, 111 112. VOTING, for more constituencies than allowed, 164 172. penalty for, 164, 166. illegal practice of, 164 165, 166. at university election, 172. by returning officer, not an illegal practice, 165, 167. INDEX. 80S VOTING continued. by absent voters, 172203. special provisions as to allowing more time for receipt of ballot papers from, during war, 173 174, 200. by proxy, 174176, 200202. See also PBOXY, VOTING BY. by freemen, 147 148. by persons in the employment of returning officers, 203 204. at polling station other than allotted polling station, 203204. VOTING ABBA, what is, 339. VOTING PAPEK, voting at university elections to be by, 366 367, 375 376. form of, at university election, 372. Scotland, 383386. WAE, in which His Majesty is engaged, meaning of, 84. register prepared during present, and 12 months thereafter, special provisions as to, 337. election held during present, and 12 months thereafter, special provisions as to, 337. WAE, TERMINATION OF, meaning of, 118119. WARD OR ELECTORAL DIVISION, local government elector not entitled to vote for more than One, except to fill casual vacancy, 110 112. local government elector may be registered in more than one, except in municipal borough, I'll. WIFE OF CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR, not disqualified, 121. WITHDRAWAL OF CANDIDATE, in pursuance of provisions of Ballot Act, 208. WOMEN. See FRANCHISE. WORK OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE, what is, 8485. effect on qualification of conscientious objector of doing, 113, 120. 804 INDEX. WOBKEOUSE, inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. WBIT FOB ELECTION, official telegraphic information of, having been issued, to be equivalent to receipt of writ, 161 162, 163. receipt of, what steps for holding election may be taken on or after, 163. YEABLY VALUE, what is, 2833, 307308. in Scotland, 33, 310. in Ireland, 33, 335. how ascertained, 31 33. LONDON : PRINTED BY 0. V. ROWORTH, HH, FKTTKR LANK, K.C. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW Books not returned on time are subject to a fine of 50c per volume after the third day overdue, increasing to $1.00 per volume after the sixth day. Books not in demand may be renewed if application is made before expiration of loan period. 81 J920 MAY mi SENT ON MX HAY 8 2 m U.C. BERKELEY JUN 4 1963 MAY i 7 1983 RECCIRAUG 5198' 50m-7,'16 YC 09630 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY