THE 
 
 REPRESENTATION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 
 
 WITH 
 
 EXPLANATORY NOTES. 
 
 BY 
 
 SIR HUGH FRASER, LL.D., 
 
 A BENCHER OF THE INNER TEMPLE ; 
 AUTHOR OF " THE LAW OP PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND ELECTION PETITIONS." 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 SWEET AND MAXWELL, LIMITED, 
 3, CHANCERY LANE, W.C. 2. 
 
 1918. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IN this book the whole of the Representation 
 of the People Act, 1918, is set out verbatim. 
 The provisions of the sections are fully dealt 
 with in the explanatory Notes which follow them. 
 The various parts of the sections commented on 
 and explained in the Notes are printed in promi- 
 nent type so that the reader may have no 
 difficulty in finding in the Note to a particular 
 section that part of the section in regard to which 
 he wishes for guidance. 
 
 In some of the more important sections, par- 
 ticularly in Part I., which deals with " Fran- 
 chises," it has been thought more convenient 
 and helpful to the reader to deal with the 
 subject in the form of propositions which state 
 shortly the requirements of the section dealt 
 with. Questions of difficulty will undoubtedly 
 arise as to the interpretation of the language of 
 some of the sections, and it has been thought 
 advisable and indeed necessary to refer to the 
 decisions of the Courts as to the meaning of 
 
 a (2) 
 
 414967 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 similar language in former statutes relating to 
 the franchise, although such statutes are now 
 repealed. 
 
 It has been thought useful to deal in some 
 detail with the method and costs of elections and 
 with corrupt and illegal practices, all of which 
 subjects are to a greater or less extent affected 
 by the present Act. 
 
 Appended to the Registration Rules will be 
 found footnotes where it was thought that such 
 footnotes would be useful, and in writing the 
 Notes to the sections of the Act the Author has 
 endeavoured to keep in view the duties and 
 difficulties of the registration officer. 
 
 In the Introduction will be found a short 
 survey of the progressive reforms in Parlia- 
 mentary representation introduced by and since 
 the Reform Act, 1832, together with a summary 
 of the far-reaching changes introduced by the 
 present Act. 
 
 The Appendices contain, in addition to the 
 County Court Rules, Supreme Court Rules, and 
 Statutes bearing on the subject, the Orders in 
 Council made under the Act, and Directions of 
 the Local Government Board to registration 
 officers, so far as such Orders and Directions 
 were available up to the time of going to press, 
 and it has been thought desirable, as a matter 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 of historical interest, to include the Report of 
 the Speaker's Conference. 
 
 I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to my 
 learned friend, Mr. ALEXANDER P. FAOHIRI, 
 Barrister-at-Law, for most valuable assistance in 
 the preparation of the work and for many useful 
 suggestions. I have also to thank Mr. H. F. 
 OLDMAN for his kindness in reading through the 
 proofs as they were passing through the press, 
 and for giving rne the benefit of his wide practical 
 experience of the subjects dealt with in this book, 
 and particularly of registration. 
 
 H. F. 
 
 1, BRICK COURT, TEMPLE, E.G. 
 4th July, 1918. 
 
( vii ) 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 TABLE OF OASES xi 
 
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix 
 
 INTRODUCTION . xxiii 
 
 PAET I. 
 
 FRANCHISES. 
 SECTION 
 
 1. Parliamentary franchises (men) 1 
 
 2. University franchise (men) 37 
 
 3. Local Government franchise (men) 40 
 
 4. Franchises (women) 63 
 
 5. Special provisions for persons serving on war' service. .. 76 
 
 6. Qualifying period 94 
 
 7 . Supplemental provisions as to residence and occupation . 98 
 
 8. Eight of person registered to vote 100 
 
 9. Provisions as to disqualifications 112 
 
 10. Provision as to qualification of councillor 123 
 
 PAET II. 
 
 EEGISTRATION. 
 
 11. Spring and autumn registers 125 
 
 12. Eegistration officers and areas 130 
 
 13. Eegistration duties ._ 133 
 
 14. Appeals 134 
 
 15. Expenses of registration 139 
 
 16. Special provisions with respect to urban districts and 
 London 145 
 
 17. Special provision as to registration of freemen, &c.... 147 
 
 18. Compensation to existing officers 148 
 
 19. Eegister for university constituencies 153 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 METHOD AND COSTS OF ELECTIONS. 
 SECTION PAGE 
 
 20. Proportional representation in certain university con- 
 stituencies, and certain other constituencies, if scheme 
 
 for selection is approved .......................................... 155 
 
 21. Polls to be held on one day at a general election, &c.... 161 
 
 22. Penalty for voting at a general election in more con- 
 stituencies than allowed ............................................. 164 
 
 23. Voting by absent voters .......................................... 172 
 
 24. Voting by persons in the employment of returning 
 officers ...................................................................... 203 
 
 25. Eight to the use of elementary schools ..................... 204 
 
 26. Deposit by candidates at parliamentary elections ...... 207 
 
 27. Forfeiture of deposit in certain cases ..................... 208 
 
 28. Returning officers ...................................................... 211 
 
 29. Payment of returning officers' expenses by Treasury... 214 
 
 30. Discharge of returning officers' duties by an acting 
 returning officer ........................................ . ............... , 217 
 
 31. Division of constituency into polling districts, and ap- 
 pointment of polling places ....................................... 220 
 
 32. Place of election ...................................................... 223 
 
 33. Scale of election expenses ....................................... 223 
 
 34. Expenses incurred by unauthorised persons ............ 269 
 
 35. Certain Acts to have permanent effect ..................... 278 
 
 36. Conduct of elections for university constituencies ...... 279 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 REDISTRIBUTION OF SEATS. 
 37. Redistribution of seats .. 282 
 
 PART V. 
 GENERAL. 
 
 38. Punishment of offences committed outside the United 
 Kingdom 283 
 
 39. Re-arrangement of polling districts to suit new con- 
 stituencies 303 
 
 40. Regulations to be laid before Parliament 304 
 
 41. Interpretation 305 
 
CONTENTS. IX 
 PART V. continued. 
 
 SECTION PAGE 
 
 42. Adaptation of Acts 308 
 
 43. Application to Scotland 309 
 
 44. Application to Ireland 326 
 
 45. Application of Act to the Isles of Scilly 335 
 
 46. Commencement of Act and first register 336 
 
 47. Repeal and short title 337 
 
 SCHEDULES. 
 
 ."First Schedule Registration Rules 339 
 
 Second Schedule Modifications of the Ballot Act, 1872 
 
 (First Schedule) 357 
 
 Third Schedule Provisions as to Voting by Proxy 359 
 
 Eourth Schedule Provisions to be substituted for Part IV. 
 of the Eirst Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, and for paragraph (3) of Part V. of the same 
 
 Schedule 363 
 
 Fifth Schedule Part I. Provisions as to University Elec- 
 tions other than Scottish University Elections 364 
 
 Part II. Provisions as to Scottish University 
 
 Elections 373 
 
 Sixth ScheduleAdaptation of Acts 386 
 
 Seventh Schedule Returning Officers for Scottish Con- 
 stituencies situated in more than one SherifEdom 391 
 
 Eighth Schedule Enactments Repealed 391 
 
 Ninth Schedule Redistribution of Seats . 403 
 
 Appendix I. Orders in Council, Directions of Local 
 
 Government Board, &c 555 
 
 Appendix II. County Court Rules and Eules of the 
 
 Supreme Court 636 
 
 Appendix III. Statutes 672 
 
 Appendix IV. Draft Rules as to Proportional Representa- 
 tion 718 
 
 Appendix V. Report of the Speaker's Conference 737 
 
 Appendix VI. (Supplementary to Appendix I.) Additional 
 
 Orders in Council 747 
 
 INDEX. 
 
XI 
 
 TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 ief facts of the case are set out on the pages in the text 
 which in this table are in heavy type,'] 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Adams v. Ford (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 239; 55 L. J. Q. B. 13; 
 
 49 J. P. 711; 53 L. T. 666; 34 W. E. 64; Colt. 403... 54 
 Aitchison v. Lothian (1890), 18 Ct. of Sess. Oases (4tli 
 
 Series), 337 55 
 
 Allan v. Liverpool: Inman v. Kirkdale (1874), L. E. 9 Q. B. 
 
 180; 43 L. J. M. 0. 69; 30 L. T. 93; 22 W. E. 330... 58 
 Allchurch v. Hendon Union, (1891) 2 Q. B. 436; 61 L. J. 
 
 M. 0. 27, 65, 450; 40 W. E. 86 21, 51 
 
 Anekeiill v. Baylis (1882), 10 Q. B. D. 577; 52 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 HJ4; 48 L. T. 342; 31 W. E. 233; Colt. 289; S. 0., 
 
 sub nom. Ancketill v. Roberts, 46 J. P. 791 58 
 
 Banbury (1797), Heywood, 318 , 5 
 
 Barlow v. Smith (1892), Fox & S. 293 11 
 
 Barnett v. Hickmott, (1895) 1 Q. B. 691; 64 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 407; 72 L. T. 236; 43 W. E. 284; Eox & S. 412 52 
 
 Barrow-in-Furness (1886), 4 0. & H. 76 238, 241, 263 
 
 Beal v. Ford (1877), 3 C. P. D. 73; 42 J. P. 119; 47 L. J. 
 
 0. P. 56; 37 L. T. 408; 26 W. E. 146; 2 Hop. & C, 
 
 374 12 
 
 Beal v. Town Clerk of Exeter (1887), 20 Q. B. D. 300; 57 
 
 L. J. Q. B. 128; 58 L. T. 407; 36 W. E. 507; Scott 
 
 Fox, 31 15 
 
 Beauchamp (Earl of) v. Overseers of Madresfield (1872), 
 
 L. E. 8 0. P. 245; 37 J. P. 39; 42 L. J. C. P. 32; 
 
 27 L. T. 606; 21 W. E. 124; 2 Hop. & C. 41 5,42,68 
 
 Bedford (1833), 0. & E. 98 5 
 
 Bedfordshire (1785), Burgess's Case, 2 Lud. E. C. 567 ... 5 
 Berwick-on-Tweed (1880), 3 O. & H. 219 197 
 
Xll TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Bond v. Overseers of St. George's, Hanover Square (1870), 
 L. E. 6 0. P. 312; 35 J. P. 88; 40 L. J. C. P. 47; 23 
 L. T. 494; 19 W. E. 101; Hop. & 0. 427 14 
 
 Boon v. Howard (1874), L. E. 9 0. P. 277; 38 J. P. 678; 
 43 L. J. C. P. 115; 30 L. T. 382; 22 W. E. 535; 2 
 Hop. & C. 208 21, 50 
 
 Bowden v. Besley (1888), 21 Q. B. D. 309; 59 L. T. 219; 57 
 
 L. J. Q. B. 473; 36 W. E. 889; 52 J. P. 536 266 
 
 Bridgwater (1803), 1 Peck, 108 : 5 
 
 Bristol (Marquis of) v. Beck (1907), 96 L. T. 55; 71 J. P. 
 
 99; 23 T. L. E. 224 5 
 
 British Industry Life Assurance Co. v. Ward (1856), 17 
 
 C. B. 644 138 
 
 Buckrose (1.886), 4 O. & H. 110 191, 193 
 
 Burgoyne v. Collins, 8 Q. B. D. 450; 51 L. J. Q. B. 335; 30 
 
 W. E. 923; 46 J. P. 390 266 
 
 Campbell v. Morris (1895), 23 Ct. of Sess. Gas. (4th Series) 
 
 118 52 
 
 Cawley v. Furnell (1851), 12 C. B. 291; 20 L. J. 0. P. 
 
 197; 15 Jur. 908 138 
 
 Chorlton v. Lings (1868), L. E. 4 0. P. 374; 32 J. P. 824; 
 
 38 L. J. C. P. 25; 19 L. T. 534; 17 W. E. 284; 1 
 
 Hop. &C. 1 68 
 
 Oirencester (1893), 4 O. & H. 196 187, 195 
 
 Clutterbuck v. Taylor, (1896) 1 Q. B. 395; 60 J. P. 278; 65 
 
 L. J. Q. B/314; 74 L. T. 177; 44 W. E. 531; 12 
 
 T. L. E. 235; 1 Smith Eeg. 59, 61 53 
 
 Oockermouth (1901), 5 0. & H. 156 262, 274 
 
 Cox v. Davies, (1898) 2 Q. B. 202; 67 L. J. Q. B. 95; 14 
 
 T. L. E. 427 266 
 
 Cook v. Humber (1861), 11 C. B. (N. S.) 40; 31 L. J. 0. P. 
 
 73; 5 L. T. 838; 10 W. E. 427; 8 Jur. (N. S.) 698; 
 
 K. & G. 413 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 
 
 37, 46, 49, 51, 59 
 Cook v. Butler (1872), L. E. 8 C. P. 256; 37 J. P. 133; 
 
 42 L. J. C. P. 25; 27 L. T. 548; 21 W. E. 73; 2 
 
 Hop. & C. 22 30 
 
 Gory v. Bristow (1877), 2 App. Gas. 27; 46 L. J. M. 0. 
 
 273; 36 L. T. 595; 25 W. E. 283 58 
 
 Cuthbertson v. Parsons (1852), 12 0. B. 304; 21 L. J. C. P. 
 
 165; 16 Jur. 360 138 
 
TABLE OF CASES. Xlll 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Daniel v. Coulsting (1845), 7 M. & G. 122; 14 L. J. C. P. 
 
 70; 8 Sco. N. E. 949; 9 Jur. 258; 1 Lut. E. 0. 230; 
 
 Bar. & Arn. 380 2 
 
 Dodds v. South Shields Union, (1895) 2 Q. B. 133; 64 L. J. 
 
 Q. B. 508; 72 L. T. 645; 59 J. P. 452; 43 W. E. 572; 
 
 14E. 422 31 
 
 Donoghue v. Brook (1887), 57 L, J. Q. B. 122; 58 L. T. 
 
 411; Scott Fox, 100 56 
 
 Douglas v. Smith, (1907) 1 K. B. 126; 23 T. L. E. 612 ... 59 
 Dover v. Prosser, (1904) 1 K. B. 84; 68 J. B. 37; 73 L.J. 
 
 K. B. 13; 89 L, T. 724; 52 W. E. 140; 1 Smith Eeg. 
 
 313 55 
 
 Downing v. Luckett (1847), 5 0. B. 40; 17 L. J. C. P. 
 
 31; 10 L. T. (0. S.) 264; 11 Jur. 993; 2 Lut. E. C. 
 
 33 2T 
 
 Duffy v. Chambers (1889), L, E. Ir. 100 56 
 
 % 
 
 Bast Dorset (1910), 6 O. & H. 39 242, 249, 273, 27T 
 
 Elgin & Nairn (1895), 5 0. & H. 13 234, 243, 244, 248 
 
 Exeter (1911), 6 O. & H. 232 186, 194, 198 
 
 Falconer v. Dunlop (1890), W. N. (1897) 124; 18 Ct. of 
 
 Sess. Oas. (4th Series) 342 14 
 
 Furguson v. Black (1889), 26 L. E. Ir. 100 56 
 
 Finsbury (1892), 4 O. & H. 176 239 
 
 Ford v. Barnes (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 257; 55 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 25; Colt. 397 56 
 
 Ford v. Drew (1879), 5 0. P. D. 59; 44 J. P. 58; 49 L. J. 
 
 0. P. 172; 41 L, T. 478; 28 W. E. 137; 1 Colt. 1 15 
 
 Ford v. Hart (1873), L. E. 9 0. P. 273; 38 J. P. 216; 
 43 L, J. C. P. 24; 29 L. T. 685; 22 W. E. 159; 2 
 Hop. & 0. 167 15 
 
 Ford v. Pye (1873), L. E. 9 0. P. 269; 38 J. P. 136; 43 
 L. J. 0. P. 21; 29 L. T. 684; 22 W. E. 159; 2 
 Hop. & 0. 157 15 
 
 Gledhill v. Orowther (1889), 23 Q. B. D. 136; 58 L. J. 
 
 Q. B. 327; 60 L. T. 866; 53 J. P. 677 267 
 
 Great Northern Eailway Co. v, "Eimel (1856), 18 0. B. 
 
 575 138 
 
 Great Yarmouth (1906), 5 0. & H. 193 249, 253, 254, 273 
 
XIV TABLE OF CASKS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Haggerston (1893), 5 O. & H. 72 250 
 
 Harford v. Linskey, (1899) 1 Q. B. 852; 58 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 599; 80 L. T. 417; 63 J. P. 263; 15 T. L. E. 306 269 
 
 Harmon v. Park (1881), 7 Q. B. D. 769; 50 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 725; 45 L. T. 174; 45 J. P. 174 266 
 
 Harris v. Amery (1865), L. B, 1 0. P. 148; 35 L. J. 0. P. 
 
 89; 13 L. T. (N. S.) 504; 14 W. E. 199; 12 Jur. 
 
 (N. S.) 165; Hop. & Ph. 294 35, 57 
 
 Haswell v. Stewart (1874), 1 Ct, of Sess. Oas. 925, 231 ... 190 
 Hayward v. Scott (1879), 5 C. P. D. 231; 44 J. P. 122; 
 
 49 L. J. 0. P. 167; 28 W. E. 988; 1 Oolt. 76 4 
 
 Heath v. Haynes (1857), 3 0. P. (N. S.) 389; 27 L. J. 
 
 C. P. 50; 30 L. T. (0. S.) 134; 6 W. E. 52; 4 Jur. 
 
 (N. S.) 664; K. & Gk 99 47 
 
 Henrette v. Booth (1863), 15 0. B. (N. S.) 500; 28 J. P. 
 
 120; 33 L. J. 0, P. 61; 9 L. T. 392; 12 W. E. 173; 
 
 9 Jur. (N. S.) 1293; Hop. & Ph. 23 ...17, 18, 22, 49, 51 
 Holland v. Chambers, Devine's Case, (1894) 2 I. E. 442... 28, 46 
 Holland v. Chambers, John Doherty's Case, (1894) 2 I. E. 
 
 285 47 
 
 Howes v. Turner (1876), 1 0. P. D. 670; 45 L. J. 0. P. 
 
 550; 35 L, T. 58 269 
 
 Inman v. Kirkdale (1874), L. E. Q. B. 180; 43 L. J. 
 
 M. C. 69; 30 L. T. 93; 22 W. E. 330 58 
 
 Ipswich (1886), 4 0. & H. 74 241 
 
 Isaacson v. Durant (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 54; 55 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 331; 54 L. T. 684; 34 W. E. 527 5 
 
 .Jones v. Pritchard (1868), L. E. 4 C. P. 414; 33 J. P. 
 118; 38 L. J. C. P. 67; 19 L. T. 563; 17 W. E. 175; 
 1 Hop. & C. 91 57 
 
 Keith v. Twentieth Century Club (1904), 90 L. T. 775 ... 58 
 
 Kennington (1886), 4 0. & H. 93 258 
 
 Kontr. Fittall (No. 1), (1906) 1 K. B. 60; 69 J. P. 428; 
 75 L. J. K. B. 310; 94 L. T. 76; 54 W. E. 225; 1 
 Smith Eog. 417 54, 58.. 59, 70 
 
 Lancaster (1896), 5 O. & H. 45 247 
 
 Law Exporting Council, Re (1888), 22 Q. B. D. 291 ... 35 
 
TABLE OF CASES. XV 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lichfield (1895), 5 O. & H. 28 236, 246, 259 
 
 Londonderry (1886), 4 0. & H. 96 4 
 
 M'Quade v. Charlton, (1904) 2 I. E. 383 53 
 
 Mackay v. McGhiire, (1891) 1 Q. B. 250; 55 J. P. 214; 60 
 
 L. J. Q. B. 24; 64 L. T. 83; 39 W. B. 109; 7 
 
 T. L. R. 55; Fox, 201 48 
 
 Maidstone (1906), 5 O. & H. 200 273 
 
 Middlesex (1804), Seaman's Case, 2 Peck. 118 5 
 
 Mersey Docks v. Liverpool (1873), L. R. 9 Q. B. 84; 
 
 43 L, J. M. 0. 33; 29 L. T. 454; 22 W. B. 184 31 
 
 Monks v. Dykes (1839), 4 M. & W. 567 59 
 
 Monks v. Jackson (1876), 1 0. P. D. 683; 46 L. J. 0. P. 
 
 162; 35 L. T. 95 266, 269 
 
 Morish v. Harris (1865), L. B. 1 0. P. 155; 14 W. B. 
 
 479; 12 Jur. (N. S.) 627; S. 0., sub nom. Norris v. 
 
 Harris, 35 L. J. 0. P. 101; 13 L. T. 762; Hop. & 
 
 Ph. 305 27 
 
 Naif v. Mutter (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. 359 11 
 
 Norwich (1886), 4 0. & H. 85 249, 252 
 
 Oakhampton (1791), 1 Eraser, 162 5 
 
 Pembroke (1901), 5 0. & H. 144 106, 107 
 
 Penryn (1869), 1 0. & H. 132 257 
 
 Phillips v. Goff (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 814; 55 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 512; 50 J. P. 614 187 
 
 Piercy v. Maclean (1870), L. B. 5 0. P. 252; 34 J. P. 
 
 311; 39 L. J. 0. P. 115; 22 T. L. B. 213; 18 W. B. 
 
 732; 1 Hop. & 0. 371 27 
 
 Pontardawe Rural District Council Election Petition, 
 
 (1907) 2 K. B. 313; 76 L. J. K. B. 702; 71 J. P. 371; 
 
 23 T. L. B. 538; 5 L. G. B. 1060 197 
 
 Pontefract (1895), Day's Election Oases, 129 237 
 
 Powell v, Boraston (1865), 18 C. B. (N. S.) 175; 29 J. P. 
 
 550; 34 L. J. C. P. 73; 11 L. T. 734; 13 W. B. 465; 
 
 11 Jur. (N. S.) 160; Hop. & Ph. 179 48 
 
 Powell v. Fanner (1865), 18 C. B. (N. S.) 71; 29 J. P. 
 
 536; 34 L. J. 0. P. 71; 11 L. T. 736; 13 W. B. 467; 
 
 11 Jur. (N. S.) 162; Hop. & Ph. 172 27 
 
XVI TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Powell v. Guest (1865), 11 C. B. (N. S.) 72; 29 J. P. 
 
 424; 34 L. J. C. P. 69; 11 L. T. 599; 13 W. E. 274; 
 
 10 Jur. (N. S.) 1238; Hop. & Ph. 149 13, 15 
 
 Pritchard v. Mayor of Bangor (1888), 13 A. C. 241; 57 
 
 L. J. Q. B. 313; 58 L, T. 502; 52 J. P. 564; 37 W. E. 
 
 103 (H. L.) 269 
 
 Eeg. v. Exeter (Mayor of), Dipstale's Case (1868), 
 
 L. E. 4 Q. B. 114; 33 J. P. 39; 19 L. T. 432 11,12 
 
 Eeg. v. Exeter (Mayor of), Wescombe's Case (1868), 
 
 L. E. 4 Q. B. 110; 19 L, T. 397 11, 12 
 
 Eeg. v. School Board for London (1886), 17 Q. B. D. 740... 33 
 Eeg. v. St. Pancras (Assessment Committee) (1877), 2 
 
 Q. B. D. 581; 46 L. J. M. 0. 243; 37 L. T. 126; 25 
 
 W. E. 827 26 
 
 Eeg. v, Southampton Docks (1851), 17 Q. B. 83; 20 L. J. 
 
 M. 0. 155 32 
 
 Eendlesham (Lord) v. Haward (1873), L. E. 9 C. P. 252; 
 
 43 L. J. C. P. 33; 22 W. E. 157; 2 Hop. & C. 175; 
 
 S.C., sub nom. Eendlesham (Lord) v. Tabor, 29 L. T. 
 
 679 5 
 
 Eex v. The Inhabitants of St. Nicholas (1833), 5 B. & Ad. 
 
 226 25 
 
 Eochester (1892), 4 0. & H. 158 259, 272, 277 
 
 Eochester (1892), Day's Election Oases, 102 -. 24O 
 
 Eogers v. Harvey (1858), 5 C. B. N. S. 3; 28 L. J. C. P. 
 
 17; 32 L. T. (O. S.) 106; 7 W. E. 17; 5 Jur. (N. S.) 
 
 199; K. & G. 169 47 
 
 St. George's (1895), 5 O. & H. 114 255 
 
 Smith v. Anderson (1880), 15 C. D. 247; 50 L, J. Ch. 
 
 39; 43 L. T. 329; 29 W. E. 21 34, 36 
 
 Spittal v. Brook (1887), 18 Q. B. D. 426; 56 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 48; 35 W. E. 520; Scott Pox, 22 56 
 
 Stepney (Borough) (1892), Day's Election Cases, 119 240, 
 
 257, 261 
 
 Stepney Division (1886), 4 O. & H. 33 188, 189, 192, 193, 
 
 195, 238, 263 
 Stowe v. Joliffe (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 734; 43 L. J. C. P. 
 
 265; 30 L. T. 795; 22 W. E. 911 4, 5, 104 
 
 Strachan v. Binnie (1888), 15 Ct. of Sess. Cas. 308 28, 46 
 
 Stribling v. Halse (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 246; 55 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 15; 54 L. T. 568; Colt. 409 53 
 
TABLE OF CASES. XVII 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Tanner i>. Carter (1885), 16 Q. B. D. 231; 55 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 27; 53 I/. T. 663; 34WJE. 41; Oolt. 435 13 
 
 Taylor v. Oaldwell (1863), 3^ B. & S. 826 58 
 
 Taylor v. Overseers of St. Mary Abbotts, Kensington (1870), 
 
 L. E. 6 C. P. 309; 35 J. P. 39; 40 L, J. C. P. 45; 
 
 23 L. T. 493; 19 W. E. 100; 1 Hop. & C. 421 14 
 
 Thompson t>. Ward (1871), L. E. 6 0. P. 327; 35 J. P. 582; 
 
 40 L. J. C. P. 169; 24 L. T. 679; 1 Hop. & C. 530 ...50, 51 
 
 Walsall (1892), 4 O. & H. 125 246, 248 
 
 Watkins v. Milton, &c. Overseers (1868), L. E. 3 Q. B. 
 
 356; 37 L. J. M. C. 73; 18 L. T. 601; 16 W. E. 1059... 58 
 Watson v. Cotton (1847), 5 C. B. 51; 17 L. J. C. P. 68; 11 
 
 Jur. 1106; 2 Lut. E. 0. 53 27 
 
 West Bromwich (1911), 6 O. & H. 256 198, 199, 2OO 
 
 Whithorn v. Thomas (1844), 14 L. J. C. P. 38; 7 M. & G. 
 
 1; 8 Sco. N. E, 783; 8 Jur. 1008; 1 Lut. E. C. 125; 
 
 Bar. & Arn. 259 11, 12, 16 
 
 Wigtown (1874), 2 O. & H. 215 183, 185, 188, 191, 195, 198 
 
 Woodward v. Sarsons (1875), L. E. 10 0. P. 733; 44 L. J. 
 
 0. P. 293; 32 L. T. 867 184, 185, 187, 189, 
 
 190, 191, 193, 198 
 
 Worcester (1880), 3 O. & H. 184 7, 8 
 
 Wright v. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 121; 29 L. J. Q. B. 
 
 161; 6 Jur. (N. S.) 867; 8 W. E. 413 58, 59 
 
 F. 
 
( xix ) 
 
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 A. & E. Adolphus and Ellis. 
 
 A. C Law Reports, Appeal Cases. 
 
 B. & Ad Barnewall & Adolphus. 
 
 B. Aid Barnewall and Alderson's Reports 
 
 Bench). 
 
 B. & Arn Barren and Arnold. 
 
 B. & Aust Barron and Austen. 
 
 B. & B Broderip and Bingham. 
 
 B. & C Barnewall & Cresswell. 
 
 B. & P Bosanquet and Puller. 
 
 B. & S Best and Smith. 
 
 Beav Beavan. 
 
 Bing Bingham. 
 
 Bing. N. C Bingham (New Cases). 
 
 . & I. P Corrupt and Illegal Practices. 
 
 C. A Court of Appeal. 
 
 C. C County Court. 
 
 C. J Chief Justice. 
 
 C. B Common Bench Reports. 
 
 <3. B. (N: 8.) Common Bench Reports, New Series. 
 
 C. & D Corbett and Daniell. 
 
 C. M. & R Crompton, Meeson, and Roseoe. 
 
 C. & P Carrington & Payne. 
 
 0. & B Cockburn and Rowe's Election Cases, 1833. 
 
 C. P. D The Law Reports, Common Pleas Division. 
 
 Clerk, El Clerk on Elections and Election Committees 
 
 Ct. of Sess Court of Session Cases. 
 
 Dalton Dalton's Office of Sheriff (2nd ed.), 1700. 
 
 Day's E. C Day's Election Cases. 
 
 Dougl Douglas. 
 
 E. Ac B Ellis and Blackburn. 
 
 Ex. D The Law Reports, Exchequer Division. 
 
 Falc. & F Falconer and Fitzherbert. 
 
 Fras Fraser. 
 
 Olanv Glauville. 
 
 h 2 
 
XX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Hansard ' Parliamentary Debates. 
 
 Hop. & C ........... Hop wood and Coltman's Registration 
 
 H. L ............... House of Lords. 
 
 H. L. C ........... Clarke's House of Lords Cases. 
 
 Heyw. Bo ........... Hey wood on Borough Elections, 1797. 
 
 Heyw. Co ........... Heywood on County Elections (2nd ed.), 1812 . 
 
 Hob ............... Hobart's Reports, temp. Elizabeth and James I. 
 
 Hawk. P. C ......... Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown. 
 
 Ir. C. L. R ......... Irish Common Law Reports. 
 
 Ir. L. R. (N. S.) .... Irish Law Reports, New Series. 
 
 J ................... Justice. 
 
 J. P ............... Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Journ ............... Journals of the House of Commons. 
 
 Judg ............... Judgments of the Election Judges, reported 
 
 and printed by order of House of Commons. 
 
 See Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868, s. 24. 
 
 Jur ................. Jurist Reports, 183754. 
 
 K. B ............... King's Bench. 
 
 K. B. D ........... The Law Reports, King's Bench Division. 
 
 K. & G ............. Keane and Grant. 
 
 K. & O ............. Knapp and Ombler's Election Cases, 18345. 
 
 L. & S ............. Lacey & Smith. 
 
 L. JJ ............... Lords Justices. 
 
 L. J., Ch ........... Law Journal Reports, Chancery. 
 
 L. J., C. P. . . ^ ..... Law Journal Reports, Common Pleas. 
 
 L. J., M. C ......... Law Journal Reports, Magistrates' Cases. 
 
 L. J., K. B ......... Law Journal Reports, King's Bench. 
 
 L. J., Q. B ......... Law Journal Reports, Queen's Bench. 
 
 L. R., C. P ......... The Law Reports, Common Pleas. 
 
 L. R. , Ex. , ........ The Law Reports, Exchequer. 
 
 L. R., H. L ......... The Law Reports, House of Lords. 
 
 L. R., Q. B ......... The Law Reports, Queen's Bench. 
 
 L. R., K. B ......... The Law Reports, King's Bench. 
 
 L. T ............... Law Times. 
 
 L. T. Jo ..... , ..... Law Times Journal. 
 
 Lev ..... , ......... Levinz. 
 
 Lud. .............. Luder's Election Cases, 1784 7. 
 
 M. & S ............. Maule & Selwyn. 
 
 M. & W ........... Meeson and Welsby. 
 
 Male .............. Male on Elections. 
 
 May's Parl. Pract. . . May's Parliamentary Practice. 
 
 M. C. A ........... The Municipal Corporations Act, 1882. 
 
 Min ............... Minutes of Evidence taken by shorthand 
 
 writers before Election Committees, but not 
 
 printed. 
 
 Mod ............... Modern (King's Bench) Reports, 16691732. 
 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXI 
 
 O. & H O'Malley and Hardeastle'a Reports of Election 
 
 Petitions. 
 
 Orme Orme on Elections. 
 
 P. P Parliamentary Papers. 
 
 P. & K Perry and Knapp's Election Cases. 
 
 P., R., & D Power, Rodwell, and Dew's Election Cases. 
 
 Peck Peckwell's Election Cases. 
 
 Phill Phillips' Election Cases. 
 
 Plowd Plowden. 
 
 Print. Min Minutes of Evidence taken by shorthand writers 
 
 before Election Committees, and printed by 
 order of the House of Commons. 
 
 Q. B Queen's Bench Reports. 
 
 Q. B. D The Law Reports, Queen Bench Division. 
 
 R Rettie's Court of Session Cases. 
 
 R. S. C Rules of the Supi'eme Court. 
 
 Roe Roe on Elections. 
 
 8. C Same Case. 
 
 Sch Schedule. 
 
 Sim Simeon on Elections, 1789. 
 
 Steph. Law of El. ... Stephens' Law of Elections, 1840. 
 
 Str Strange. 
 
 T. R Term Reports. 
 
 T. L. R Times Law Reports. 
 
 Ves Vesey. 
 
 Ves., jun Vesey junior. 
 
 W. N Law Reports, Weekly Notes. 
 
 W. R Weekly Reporter. 
 
 W. & Br Wolferstan and Bristowe's Election Cases. 
 
 W.&D Wolferstan and Dew's Election Cases. 
 
 Whitelocke Whitelocke on the King's Writ for choosing 
 
 members to serve in Parliament, sometimes 
 called Whitelocke on Government, 1766. 
 
 Wight Wight on Scotch Parliaments and Elections. 
 
( xxiii ) 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THIS Act, which consists of forty-seven sections 
 and nine Schedules, is the third Reform Act since 
 the passing of the Reform Act, 1832, the other 
 Acts being those of 1867 and 1884. 
 
 The present Act is much more comprehensive, 
 and introduces greater changes than any of its 
 predecessors. It deals with the Parliamentary 
 and local government franchise, registration, 
 method and costs of election, and redistribution. 
 
 In order to realise how large a measure of 
 enfranchisement is given by the present Act as 
 compared with former Acts, the following facts 
 may be pointed out. Before 1832 there were less 
 than 500,000 parliamentary electors, and the 
 Reform Act of 1832 only added 500,000 more, 
 so that the total number of electors in 1832 was 
 less than 1,000,000 out of a population of about 
 24,000,000. The Reform Act of 1867 added 
 about 1,500,000 electors, making a total of 
 2,500,000 electors out of a population as it then 
 was of about 30,000,000. The Act of 1884 added 
 some 3,000,000 electors, making a total of 
 
X XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 o,500,000 on the register out of a population 
 which was then 34,000,000. According to the 
 Home Office Return for 1915, the electorate was 
 8,357,000 out of a population of 43,500,000. 
 Under the present Act at least 3,000,000 men and 
 6,000,000 women will, it is estimated, be added 
 to the register as parliamentary electors. 
 
 From a historical point of view the present Act 
 owes its origin to the fact that it was universally 
 recognised that the electors of members to serve 
 in the future Parliament which would have to 
 deal with questions of reconstruction after the 
 War, must include those who had fought for 
 their country in the War. An attempt was 
 made to attain this object by a separate Bill, 
 but it was found impracticable to introduce 
 changes of this kind without dealing generally 
 with the subject of the franchise. His Majesty's 
 Government accordingly invited the Speaker of 
 the House of Commons to select a number of 
 members of the House of Commons, representa- 
 tive of all shades of opinion, to draft recommenda- 
 tions which might form the basis of a Bill dealing 
 with the whole subject of the representation of 
 the people. In pursuance of this request the 
 Speaker held a Conference which issued a Report* 
 containing various recommendations, the great 
 majority of which were unanimous. Although, 
 
 * For this Report, see Appendix V., pp. 737746, infra. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 in consequence of the Amendments which were 
 adopted in the course of its passage through Par- 
 liament, the present Act differs in several points 
 from the recommendations contained in the 
 Report of the Speaker's Conference, it is in 
 substance based upon it. 
 
 The most sweeping change which the Act 
 introduces is the admission of women to the 
 Parliamentary franchise, whilst the difficult ques- 
 tion of the enfranchisement of soldiers, sailors, 
 and others serving in connection with the War, 
 is solved by giving them the franchise for the 
 'Constituency in which but for their service in 
 connection with the War they would have been 
 entitled to vote, or, as an alternative, for the 
 constituency (if any) in which they happen to 
 have an actual qualification. 
 
 The present Act sweeps away all the qualifi- 
 cations for the franchise which previously existed; 
 it repeals no less than fifty statutes and modifies 
 fifty-seven others. 
 
 Under the previously existing law there were 
 seven alternative qualifications for the Parlia- 
 mentary franchise : 
 
 (1) The household qualification, by far the 
 most important, which dated, as regards 
 boroughs, from 1867, and as regards 
 counties from 1884; 
 
XXVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (2) the qualification in respect of occupation 
 
 of land or tenements of the value 
 of !()/.; 
 
 (3) the 50/. rental qualification as modified by 
 
 the Act of 1884; this qualification was 
 rapidly dying out ; 
 
 (4) the lodgers' qualification ; 
 
 (5) the service qualification ; 
 
 (6) the ownership voters' qualification. It is 
 
 worth noting, as a matter of historical 
 interest, that amongst these voters was 
 the 40*. freeholder, who survived three 
 Reform Acts and who dated back to the 
 reign of Henry VI. ; 
 
 (7) the university qualification. 
 
 In place of these seven franchises, the present 
 Act substitutes, as regards men, three alternative 
 qualifications only : 
 
 (1) the residence qualification; which in- 
 
 cludes the householders, the lodgers, 
 and the service voters, and also many 
 residents who were not in any existing 
 class of voters. There is no require- 
 ment for tne qualifying premises under 
 this head to be of any minimum yearly 
 value, nor for rating or payment of 
 rates ; 
 
 (2) the business premises qualification, which 
 
INTKODUCilON. XXV11 
 
 involves the occupation for the purposes 
 of business, trade, or profession, of land 
 or premises of the annual value of not 
 less than 10/. ; 
 
 ('|) the university qualification, which is en- 
 larged by the inclusion of ail those who 
 have taken degrees (other than honorary 
 degrees) at a university. 
 
 Not only are the franchises different to those 
 previously in existence, but the period of qualifi- 
 cation has been shortened from one year to six 
 months ; there being two qualifying periods during 
 the year -one ending on loth January, the other 
 on loth July. 
 
 During these six months, electors must have 
 been resident, or occupying land or premises, 
 either in the constituency or in any constituency 
 in the same Parliamentary borough or county or 
 in a contiguous borough or county, so that it will 
 be 'seen that successive occupation in a largely 
 extended form will be permitted. 
 
 As regards the Parliamentary franchise for 
 
 women, the Act confers this only on women who 
 
 have attained the age of 30. In constituencies 
 
 other than university constituencies there are two 
 
 alternative qualifications which are as follows : 
 
 (1) the woman must be entitled to be registered 
 
 as a local government elector in respect 
 
 of the occupation of a dwelling-house 
 
XXV 111 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (irrespective of value) or of land or pre- 
 mises (other than a dwelling-house) of a 
 yearly value of not leas than 5/. ; or 
 (2) she must be the wife of a man who is 
 
 entitled to be so registered. 
 The university franchise is conferred on all 
 women of the requisite age who have obtained a 
 degree, or, at Oxford or Cambridge, have passed 
 the final examination and kept the necessary 
 residence. 
 
 As was pointed out above, it is estimated that 
 the women's franchise will add to the register 
 of parliamentary electors at least 6,000,000 voters, 
 of whom about 5,000,000 will come on the 
 register by virtue of their husbands' qualification. 
 As regards the local government franchise, 
 under the previously existing law the qualification 
 to vote for county and borough councils outside 
 London was substantially a pure occupation fran- 
 chise, and differed from the qualification for 
 London county and borough councils and for 
 district and parish councils, where there was not 
 only the occupation qualification but also the 
 qualification of owners and lodgers. Under the 
 present Act there is a uniform occupation fran- 
 chise for all local government electors, including 
 in the term u occupation " lodgers in a room or 
 rooms let to them in an unfurnished state. The 
 local government franchise is conferred on women 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXIX 
 
 at the same age (21) and on equal terms with men, 
 with the addition that a woman may be registered 
 and vote by virtue of her husband's qualification 
 in respect of premises in which they both reside 
 if she has attained the age of thirty years. 
 
 It is estimated that the present Act will add 
 about 5,000,000 women to the register of local 
 government electors. 
 
 Turning to the subject of registration, the Act 
 adopts a course which has often been recom- 
 mended, viz., a system of official registration, and 
 throws upon the appointed officers the obligation 
 of making up the registers (of which there are two 
 in every year) and keeping them complete. The 
 office of revising barrister is abolished, and the 
 consideration of claims and objections is entrusted 
 to the registration officer himself with the right of 
 an appeal from his decision to the County Court t 
 and from the County Court, on questions of law 
 alone, to the Court of Appeal. 
 
 With regard to methods of election, the much 
 discussed principle of Proportional Representation 
 together with that of the alternative vote, both of 
 which the Speaker's Conference recommended, 
 did not find much favour with the House of Com- 
 mons. The alternative vote has been entirely 
 rejected and Proportional Representation has been 
 retained only as regards university constituencies. 
 
 An important innovation is made by the pro- 
 
XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 visions allowing, in certain cases, votes to be 
 given by post by absent voters, and also voting 
 by proxy. 
 
 At a General Election polls are all to be taken 
 on one day, and plural voting has been further 
 greatly curtailed since no elector may under any 
 circumstances give more than two votes at such 
 an election. 
 
 The returning officers' expenses are to be paid 
 by the State. A candidate is to make a deposit 
 which shall be returned to him if he has polled 
 not less than one-eighth of the votes. 
 
 The scale of election expenses is reduced, and 
 certain expenditure by unauthorised persons is 
 prohibited. 
 
 The present Act carries out a great scheme of 
 Redistribution. Following the recommendation 
 of the Speaker's Conference it has been sought to 
 make each vote command as far as possible an 
 equal share of representation in the House of 
 Commons. The standard unit of population 
 represented by one member of the House of 
 Commons has been taken at 70,000, although 
 boroughs with not less than 50,000 inhabitants 
 keep their separate representation. 
 
 Forty-four boroughs have lost their separate 
 representation, including ancient boroughs such 
 as Canterbury, Windsor, Chester, Durham, Win- 
 chester, Shrewsbury and Lichfield, but the 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXI 
 
 representation of the boroughs as a whole is 
 increased by thirty-six members. On the other 
 hand the counties lose five members whilst the 
 universities gain six. Ireland is not included in 
 the Redistribution Scheme under the present Act, 
 but Redistribution there is dealt with by the 
 Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act, 1918. 
 The effect of the two Acts is to increase the 
 membership of the House of Commons by thirty - 
 fleven members ; thirty-one of these representing 
 English, two Scottish, two Welsh, and two Irish 
 constituencies. The total number of members 
 of the House of Commons will in future Parlia- 
 ments be 707. 
 
N.B. In the Notes to the Sections, when the actual 
 words of the sections commented on are quoted 
 for the first time, they are printed in heavy type. 
 
ADDEND U M. 
 
 REGISTRATION DATES. 
 
 SINCE going to press the following Order dated 10th July, 1918 
 (R. P. 39), altering certain registration dates (see pp. 128 129, 
 748, 749, 750, 752) in connection with the first register under the 
 Act has been made by the Local Government Board: 
 
 "Whereas by sub-section (3) of Section 46 of the Representa- 
 tion of the People Act, 1918 (herein-after referred to as 'the Act'), 
 it is provided that if any difficulty arises as to the preparation of 
 the First Register to be prepared under the Act (herein-after 
 referred to as 'the First Register'), We, the Local Government 
 Board, may by Order do any mattsr or thing which appears- to Us 
 necessary for the proper preparation of the First Register; 
 
 And whereas by virtue of an Order in Council dated the 4th 
 day of June, 1918 (a), and made under the powers conferred by the 
 Act the documents mentioned in Schedule A to this Order are, as 
 respects the First Register, to be kept published in England and 
 Wales until the dates specified in the second column of that 
 Schedule and in connection with the First Register the registra- 
 tion dates referred to in Schedule B to this Order are the dates 
 specified in the second column of that Schedule; 
 
 And whereas difficulties have arisen in connection with the 
 preparation of the First Register, and it appears to Us necessary 
 for the proper preparation of the First Register that the above- 
 mentioned dates should be altered: 
 
 Now therefore, in pursuance of Our powers in that behalf, We, 
 by this Our Order, Direct as follows: 
 
 ARTICLE I. The dates specified in the third column of 
 Schedules A and B to this Order shall be respectively substituted 
 for the dates specified in the second column of those schedules, 
 and the above cited Order in Council shall be read and have effect 
 accordingly. 
 
 ARTICLE II. This Order may be cited as the First Register 
 (Alteration of Dates) Order, 1918." 
 
 (a) See Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, First 
 Schedule, p. 750, also rule 6 and Fifth Schedule, set out on pp. 128129, 
 and on pp. 749, 752. 
 
ADDENDUM. 
 
 SCHEDULE A. 
 PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Nature of Document. 
 
 Date specified in 
 Order in Council . 
 
 Electors Lists (First Schedule, Rule 6) . . . 
 Notice as to mode of making claims and 
 
 objections (First Schedule, Rule 6). 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Lists (Fir.st 
 
 Schedule, Rule 8). 
 
 List of Claimants (First Schedule, Rule 11). 
 List of persons to whose registration notice 
 
 of objection has been given (First 
 
 Schedule, Rule 14). 
 
 18th July. 
 1st August. 
 
 18th July. 
 
 1st August. 
 1st August. 
 
 Subs, ituted Date. 
 
 26th July. 
 9th August. 
 
 26th July. 
 
 9th August. 
 9th August. 
 
 SCHEDULE B. 
 REGISTEATION DATES. 
 
 Subject-matter. 
 
 Date specified in 
 Order in Council. 
 
 Substituted Date. 
 
 Last day for objections to electors lists .... 
 Last day for claims . 
 
 10th July. 
 17th July. 
 
 18th July. 
 25th July. 
 
 Last day for claims as absent voters 
 
 31st July. 
 
 8th August. 
 
 Publication of list of objections to electors 
 lists. 
 Publication of list of claimants 
 
 19th July. 
 25th July. 
 
 27th July. 
 2nd August. 
 
 Last day for objections to claimants 
 Pu-blication of list of objections to claimants 
 (as soon as practicable after). 
 
 31st July. 
 31st July. 
 
 8th August. 
 8th August. 
 
 In consequence of the alteration of some of the dates referred to 
 in Schedule B above, the following County Court Rule, amending 
 paragraph 3 of Rule 9 of the County Court (Registration Appeals) 
 Rules, 1918 (set out on p. 640), has been made: 
 
 " The words ' the ninth and the twenty-eighth days of September ' 
 shall be substituted for the words ' the second and the twenty-first 
 days tff September ' in paragraph 3 of Rule 9 of the County Court 
 (Registration Appeals) Rules, 1918." 
 
REPRESENTATION OF 
 ACT, 1918. 
 
 (8 GEO. V. c. 64.) 
 
 An Act to amend the Law with respect to 
 Parliamentary and Local Government Fran- 
 chises, and the Registration of Parliamentary 
 and Local Government Electors, and the 
 Conduct of elections, and to provide for the 
 Redistribution of Seals at Parliamentary 
 Elections, and for other purposes connected 
 therewith. 
 
 BE it enacted by the King's most Excellent 
 Majesty, by and with the advice and consent 
 of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and 
 Commons, in this present Parliament assem- 
 bled, and by the authority of the same, as 
 follows : 
 
 PART I. 
 
 [Sections 1 10.] 
 
 FRANCHISES. 
 
 1. (1) A man shall be entitled to be sect, i. 
 registered as a parliamentary elector for a 
 constituency (other than a university con- 
 stituency) 1 if he is of full age 2 and not subject 
 to any legal incapacity 3 and 
 
 (a) has the requisite residence qualifica- 
 tion 4 ; or 
 
 1 See p. 3, footnote (), infra. '* See p. 4, infra. 
 
 3 See pp. 48, infra. 4 See pp. 924, infra. 
 
 F 1 
 
 
OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 requisite business premises 
 qualification. 5 
 
 (2) A man, in order to have the requisite 
 residence qualification or business premises 
 qualification for a constituency 
 
 (a) must on the last day of the qualifying 
 
 period be residing in premises in 
 the constituency, 6 or occupying 
 business premises in the constitu- 
 ency, 7 as the case may be ; and 
 
 (b) must during the whole of the quali- 
 
 fying period have resided in pre- 
 mises, 8 or occupied business pre- 
 mises, 9 as the case may be, in the 
 constituency, or in another con- 
 stituency within the same parlia- 
 mentary borough 10 or parliamentary 
 county, 11 or within a parliamentary 
 borough or parliamentary county 
 contiguous to that borough or 
 county, or separated from that 
 borough or county by water, not 
 exceeding at the nearest point six 
 miles in breadth, measured in the 
 case of tidal water from low-water 
 mark. 
 
 * See pp. 2437, infra. ami Ninth Sched., pp. 404481, 
 8 See pp. 9 16, infra. infra. 
 
 7 See pp. 2437, infra. u See sect. 37 (2), p. 282, infra, 
 
 * See pp. 924, infra. and Ninth Sched., pp. 482554, 
 
 8 See pp. 2437, infra-. infra. 
 10 See sect. 37 (1), p. 282, infra, 
 
SECTION 1. 
 
 For the purposes of this subsection the sect. i. 
 administrative county of London shall be 
 treated as a parliamentary borough. 
 
 (3) The expression "business premises" 
 in this section means land or other premises 
 of the yearly value of not less than ten 
 pounds occupied for the purpose of the busi- 
 ness, profession, or trade of the person to be 
 registered. 12 
 
 NOTE. Sect. 1 set out above states the con- 
 ditions which must be fulfilled in order to entitle 
 a male person to be registered as a parliamentary 
 elector for a constituency (other than a uni- 
 versity constituency) (). 
 
 These conditions are : 
 
 (1) He must be of full age ; 
 
 (2) He must not be subject to any legal in- 
 
 capacity ; 
 
 (3) He must have (a) the requisite residence quali- 
 
 fication or (b) the requisite business pre- 
 mises qualification. 
 
 12 See pp. 2837, infra. 
 
 (a) As to registration for parliamentary purposes, see Part II. 
 Registration, sects. 11 19 of the Act, pp. 125155, infra. The 
 words parliamentary elector for a constituency (other than a 
 university constituency) in sect. 1 (1) mean a person who is 
 entitled to vote at an election of a member of the House of Commons 
 for any constituency other than a university constituency, i.e., for 
 any county, borough, or combination of places returning a member 
 to serve in Parliament, and, where a county or borough is divided 
 for the purpose of parliamentary elections, a division of the county 
 or borough so divided. See sect. 41 (1), p. 305, infra. 
 
 1 (2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. (1) He must be of full age, -Full ago is by the 
 Common Law the age of 21 years, and such age 
 is attained on the da}' preceding the 21st anni- 
 versary of a person's birth (b). By sect. 41 (7) 
 of the Act(tf) "for the purposes of registration a 
 person's age shall be taken to be that person's age 
 on the last day of the qualifying period " (d\ i.e. 
 on January 15th or on July 15th according to 
 which of the two registers he is placed upon(<e). 
 If the 21st anniversary of the birth of the person 
 to be registered is January 16th or July 16th he 
 will have attained full age for the purpose of being- 
 registered on the Spring or Autumn register (/), 
 irrespective of the hour of his birth (g). 
 
 (2) He must not be subject to any legal incapa- 
 city. It should be noted that a legal incapacity 
 is quite distinct from an absence of the qualifica- 
 tions required by this Act to enable a person to 
 be registered or to vote at an election. Legal 
 incapacity in the above sense is some quality 
 inherent in a person or for the time being irre- 
 movable in such person, which, either at Common 
 Law or by Statute, deprives him of the status of 
 a parliamentary elector (A). 
 
 (6) I Co. Lit. 78; Bro. Abr. ''Age." 
 
 (c) Set out at p. 307, infra. 
 
 (d) As to the qualifying period, see sect. 6, p. 94, infra. 
 
 (e) See sect. 11, p. 125, infra. As to jbhe dates applicable to the 
 first register, see pp. 128, 129, infra. 
 
 (/) See p. 126, infra. As to the dates applicable to the first 
 register, see pp. 128, 129, infra. 
 
 (g) 1 bl. Com. 463 ; Anon. (1700), Ld. Eaym. 480, 1096. 
 
 (A) See the observations of Lord Coleridge, C.J., in Stowe v. 
 Jolliffe (1874), L. E, 9 C. P. at p. 750; see also Hay ward v. Seott 
 (1879), 5 C. P. 1). 231 ; and the observations of O'Brien, J., in Lon- 
 donderry (1886), 4 0. & H. at pp. 100, 101. 
 
LEGAL INCAPACITIES. 
 
 The following are legally incapacitated from 
 being registered under this section: (1) A peer 
 of the United Kingdom (e), or of Scotland, or of 
 Ireland not actually elected and serving for a 
 constituency in Great Britain (&); (2) a person 
 holding any one of certain offices (I) ; (3) an 
 infant (wt); (4) an alien (w); (5) an idiot (o) ; 
 
 (6) a lunatic who is not in a lucid interval (/?); 
 
 (7) an imbecile who is not compos mentis (q) ; (8) a 
 person convicted of treason or felony and sentenced 
 to death or penal servitude or imprisonment, either 
 with hard labour or exceeding twelve months, unless 
 he has suffered such other punishment as by eompe- 
 
 (t) Com. Dig. tit. Parl. D. 10; Beauchamp (Earl] v. Madrtsjield 
 (1872), L. E. 8 C. P. 245 ; Bristol (Marquis] v. Seek (1907), 96 L. T. 
 55; 71 J. P. 99; 23 T. L. E. 224. 
 
 (k) 39 & 40 Geo. 3, c. 67, art. 4 ; Banlury (1797), Heywood, 318 ; 
 Droitwich (1834), K. & 0. 65 ; Lord JRendlesham v. Haward (1873), 
 L. E. 9 C. P. 252. 
 
 (I] Under this head conie :(!) A Scots sheriff, a sheriff substi- 
 tute, a sheriff clerk, a deputy .sheriff clerk for the shire within 
 which the election is being held (2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 65, s. 36; 
 see also sect. 43 (6) of the present Act, p. 317, infra] ; (2) various 
 officers connected with the constabulary and police in Ireland (6 & 
 1 Will, 4, c. 13, s. 18 (Irish Constabulary) ; 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 29, 
 s. 19 (Dublin Metropolitan Magistrates and Police), The dis- 
 qualifications formerly attaching to the police in Great Britain 
 were abolished by the Police Disabilities Eemoval Act, 1887. 
 
 (i) 7 & 8 Will. 3, c. 25, s. 7 ; Stowe v. Jolli/e (1874), L. E, 9 G. P. 
 743, 758. A naval or military voter within sect. 5 (4) of the present 
 Act is qualified at nineteen. See pp. 80 82, infra. 
 
 (//) Middlesex (1804), 2 Peck, 118; Bedford (1832), C. & E, 98; 
 Isaacson v. Duntnt (1886), 17 Q, B. D. 54 ; 33 & 34 Viet. c. 14, s. 2. 
 As to naturalisation, see the British Nationality and Status of Aliens 
 Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. o, c. 17). . 
 
 (o) Bedfordshire (1785), 2 Lud. 567. 
 
 (p) Heywood, 260. 
 
 (q) Briil</eivtt)'(l8QS] t 1 Peck, 108; OaMmpton(}~9l), 1 Fraser, 
 162. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 1. tent authority mav be substituted for the same or 
 received a free pardon, or in the case of penal 
 servitude or imprisonment has suffered the punish- 
 ment to which he has been sentenced (r) ; (9) a 
 person convicted on indictment within the pre- 
 ceding seven years of a corrupt practice at a 
 parliamentary election (s) or convicted within the 
 preceding seven years of a corrupt practice at a 
 municipal election (t)] (10) a person found guilty 
 on summary conviction within the preceding five 
 years of an illegal practice at a parliamentary 
 election within the county or borough in which 
 he is seeking to be registered (u) ; (11) a person 
 who, as a candidate, election agent or sub-agent, has 
 within the preceding five years been convicted of 
 an illegal employment, payment, or hiring, at a 
 parliamentary election within the county or 
 borough in which he is seeking to be registered (#); 
 (12) a person convicted within the preceding 
 five years of an illegal practice at a municipal 
 election within the borough in which he is 
 seeking to be registered (y] or convicted within 
 the preceding five years of an illegal employment, 
 payment, or hiring as candidate at the said muni- 
 cipal election (#); (13) a person who has within the 
 preceding seven years been convicted of a corrupt 
 
 (r} Forfeiture Act, 1870, s. 2. This has no application to Scot- 
 land, ib. s. 33. 
 
 (s] Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 6 (3). See p. 275, infra. 
 
 (t) Municipal Elections (Corrupt Practices) Act, 1884, s. 2(2); 
 Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 6 (3). 
 
 (u) Ibid. s. 10. See p. 299, infra. 
 
 (x] Ibid. s. 21 (2); s. 25 (2) ; s. 10. See p. 302, infra. 
 
 (y) Municipal Elections (Corrupt Practices) Act, 1884, a. 7. 
 
 (z) Ibid. s*. 7. 17 (2). 
 
LKOAL INCAPACITIES. 
 
 practice, or within the preceding five years of an Seot. i . 
 illegal practice, at the election of a member of a 
 local board, of a member of Improvement Com- 
 missioners, or of a poor law guardian (a); (14) a 
 person who has been convicted, within the pre- 
 ceding six years, of a corrupt offence at the 
 election of a member of a school board which 
 has been held within the preceding six years (b) ; 
 (15) a person who has been twice convicted under 
 the Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act, 1889, 
 8. 2 ; (16) a person who is reported by an election 
 court or Election Commissioners to have been 
 guilty of any corrupt or illegal practice at an 
 election, whether he obtains a certificate of in- 
 demnity or not, in like manner and for the same 
 period (c) as if he had at the date of such election 
 been convicted of the offence of which he is re- 
 ported to have been guilty (d) ; ( 17) a conscientious 
 objector who is incapacitated during the war and 
 for five years thereafter by sect. 9 (2) of the 
 present Act(e). 
 
 It should be noticed that persons subject to 
 the above-mentioned incapacities are prohibited 
 both from being registered and from voting (/). 
 
 (a) Municipal Elections (Corrupt Practices) Act, 1884, as. 2, 36, 
 Sched. 1. 
 
 (6) 33 & 34 Viet. c. 75, s. 91. 
 
 (c) As to the period during which this incapacity applies, see, 
 with regard to corrupt practice, heading (9), and with regard to 
 illegal practice, heading (10), on p. 6, supra. 
 
 (d) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 38 (5). 
 
 (e) See sect. 9 (2), pp. 112114, and pp. 117121, infra. 
 
 (/) See the observations of Lush, J., in Worcester (1880), 3 0. & 
 H. at p. 186; and also the Ballot Act, 1872, s. 7, set out at p. 667, 
 668, j'/'/m, and sect. 9 (3) of the present Act, pp. 114, 115, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, i By sect. 13 (1) of the present Act " it shall be the 
 duty of the registration officer (/)... to place 
 or cause to be placed 011 the register . . . the 
 names of those entitled to vote as parliamentary 
 electors ... in his registration area." The re- 
 gistration officer should therefore not place on 
 the register the name of any person who is subject 
 to any of the above incapacities. But if he 
 should do so, the register is conclusive of such 
 person's right to give his vote at the poll, and the 
 returning officer cannot refuse to allow him to 
 vote. Such a vote would, however, be struck 
 off on a scrutiny (g). In the words of Lush, J., 
 in Worcester (h), " the battle of qualification shall 
 be fought either beforehand in the registration 
 court (i), or after the election upon a scrutiny (g], 
 but nothing shall take place at the polling-booth 
 but a reference to the register to ascertain whether 
 the person who presents himself i$ the person upon 
 that register or not." 
 
 (3) He must have (a) the requisite residence 
 qualification or (b) the requisite business pre- 
 mises qualification. 
 
 (a) The requisite residence qualification. In 
 order to have this qualification a man (i) must 
 on the last day of the qualifying period (A) 
 be residing in premises in the constituency (/), 
 
 (/) As to the registration officer, see pp. 130 132, infra. 
 
 (g) As to a scrutiny, see the Author's " Law of Parliamentary 
 Elections and Election Petitions," 2nd ed., pp. 210B 215. 
 
 (7i) (1880), 3 O. & H. at p. 11. 
 
 (i) The office of revising barrister is abolished by the present Act, 
 but his duties are now undertaken by the registration officer. 
 
 (/) See pp. 9, 10, infra. 
 
 (1) See pp. 1116, infra. 
 
RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION. 
 
 and (ii) must during the whole of the quali- sect. i. 
 fying period have resided in premises in the 
 constituency, or in another constituency within 
 the same parliamentary borough (m) or parlia- 
 mentary county, or within a parliamentary 
 borough or parliamentary county () contiguous 
 to that borough or county, or separated from that 
 borough or county by water not exceeding at 
 the nearest point six miles in breadth measured 
 in the case of tidal water from low- water mark. 
 For this purpose the administrative county of 
 London is to be treated as a parliamentary 
 borough (0). 
 
 Under sect. 11 (p) of the present Act two 
 registers of electors are to be prepared in every 
 year, of which one, the Spring register, is to be 
 made for the qualifying period ending on Jan- 
 uary 15th, and the other, the Autumn register, 
 is to be made for the qualifying period ending 
 on July loth. The qualifying period is a period 
 of six months ending either on January 15th or 
 July 15th, including in each case the fifteenth 
 day (q\ so that the last day of the qualifying 
 period is in the one case January 15th, and in 
 the other July loth (r). 
 
 When an elector moves into a constituency 
 within thirty days of the last day of the quali- 
 
 (wi) See pp. 1124, infra. 
 
 (n) Ibid. 
 
 (o) See sect. 1 (2), (b), set out on p. o, supra. See also pp. 23, 
 24, injra. 
 
 (p) See pp. 125, 126, infra.' 
 
 (?) Sect. 6, p. 94, infra. 
 
 (r} As to the dates applicable to the first register, see pp. 12S, 
 129, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. lying period, he is not entitled to be registered 
 by reason of a residence qualification unless he 
 fulfils the conditions ef sect. 7 (3), which is as 
 follows: "Notwithstanding anything in this 
 Act, a man shall not be entitled to be registered 
 as a parliamentary elector for a constituency in 
 respect of a residence qualification though he 
 may have been residing in premises in the con- 
 stituency on the last day of the qualifying period, 
 if he commenced to reside in the constituency 
 within thirty days before the end of the qualifying 
 period, and ceased to reside within thirty days 
 after the time when he so commenced to reside." 
 
 The object of the sub-section just quoted is to 
 provide against what are known as i i swallow 
 voters/' by imposing a condition which i 
 intended to ensure that the residence on the last 
 day of the qualifying period shall be bond fide. 
 In order to come within the sub-section, it is only 
 necessary for the person to be registered to reside 
 in a constituency for thirty consecutive days, one 
 of which is the last day of the qualifying period ; 
 e.g., such person may begin to reside on July 14th 
 and cease to reside on August 13th, or he may 
 begin to reside on June 10th and cease to reside 
 on July 16th. 
 
 It would appear that the requisite residence 
 during thirty consecutive days would not neces- 
 sarily be broken by reason of the person to be 
 registered moving from one set of promises to 
 another in immediate succession during the thirty 
 days. 
 
 The meaning of the words residing in premises 
 
RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION. x 
 
 in sect. 1 (2) (a) and resided in premises in sect. Sect - * 
 1 (2) (b) raise questions of some difficulty. 
 
 It is abundantly clear from the language of 
 sect. 7 (2) of the present Act that the expression 
 " residence" and cognate expressions are to be 
 interpreted according to general principles (r). 
 
 "The word 'residence' has a variety of 
 meanings according to the Statute in which it 
 is used " (s). It will therefore only be useful to 
 consider here the interpretation which the word 
 has received in previous Statutes dealing with 
 the franchise. 
 
 The question of residence is a question of 
 fact(Y). There are two kinds of residence, actual 
 residence and constructive residence. 
 
 As to actual residence. In Barlow v. Smith (),. 
 Lord Coleridge, C.J., referred to " the old and 
 universal definition of residence" as " the place 
 where a man's home is and where he sleeps." 
 In the same case (v) the learned Chief Justice 
 cited Whithorn v. Thomas (w\ and Reg. v. Mayor of 
 Exeter, DipstaWs Case(x), and said: " We have 
 therefore the authority of three judges that in 
 this section (s. 27 of the Reform Act, 1832) 
 ' residence ' implies home, the place where a man 
 lives. . . . For centuries past it has always been 
 
 (r) See sect. 7 (2), p. 99, infra. 
 
 (t) Per Erie, C.J., in Naif and another v. Mutter (1862), 31 L. J. 
 0. P. at p. 359. 
 
 (t} Reg. v. Mayor of Exeter, WcscomVs Case (1868), L. R. 4 Q. B. 
 110; ibid., Dipstale's Case, 114. 
 
 (u) (1892), Fox & Smith's Registration Cases, at pp. 297, 298. 
 
 (v) Ibid, at p. 299. 
 
 (;) (1844), 7M. &Gr. 1. 
 
 (x) (1868), L. R. 4Q. B. 114. 
 
 11 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. held that where a man sleeps and has his home is 
 the place where he resides." 
 
 a There is no strict or definite rule for ascer- 
 taining what is inhabitance or residence. The 
 words have nearly the same meaning. Sleeping 
 once or twice in a place would not constitute 
 inhabitance. There is no precise line to be 
 drawn. It is always, if the inhabiting is bond 
 fide, a question of more or less. The question is 
 whether there has been such a degree of in- 
 habitance as to be in substance and in common 
 sense a residence. When a person has a country 
 and a town house, it is a mere question of fact, 
 whether he has two residences, or only one rosi- 
 dence. When ... a man leaves one residence 
 to go elsewhere to transact real business, whether 
 he has two residences depends on quantity and 
 amount. It is a pure question of fact " (y). 
 
 ' i The fact that a person sleeps in a place is 
 generally a very important ingredient in de- 
 ciding whether he inhabits it, but it is not con- 
 clusive" (2). 
 
 It has been held that if a person actually re- 
 sides in a constituency, such residence is sufficient, 
 even if he be a trespasser (a). 
 
 As to constructive residence. u In order to 
 constitute residence, a party must possess, at the 
 least, a sleeping apartment, but an uninterrupted 
 abiding at such dwelling is not requisite. Ab- 
 
 (y) Per Blackburn, J., in Reg. v. Mayor of Exeter, 
 Case (1868), L. E. 2 Q. B. at p. 113. 
 (z) Ibid, in DipstalJs Case, at pp. 115, 116. 
 (a) Seal v. Ford (1877), 47 L. J. C. P. 56. 
 
CONSTRUCTIVE RESIDENCE. 
 
 sence, no matter how long, if there be the liberty Sect. l. 
 of returning at any time (), and no abandonment 
 of the intention to return whenever it may suit 
 the party's pleasure or convenience so to do, will 
 not prevent a constructive legal residence. But 
 if he has debarred himself of the liberty of re- 
 turning to such dwelling, by letting it (c) for a 
 period however short, or has abandoned his in- 
 tention of returning, he cannot any longer be 
 said to have even a legal residence there "(</). 
 
 In Whithorn v. Thomas (0), where the question 
 was whether the claimant had resided for six 
 calendar months in a borough so as to qualify 
 him as an elector for such borough under sect. 27 
 of the Reform Act, 1832, Tindal, C.J., in con- 
 trasting the two kinds of residence, said(/"): 
 61 The mere payment of rent would not be equi- 
 valent to a residence. The residence required 
 by the Statute (^) must mean an actual occupa- 
 tion (A), for some part of the time specified, by 
 the party himself (actual residence), or an occu- 
 pation (h) by his family or servants (constructive 
 residence)." 
 
 (fe) See as to this T<mner v. Varter (1885), 16 U. B. D. 231 
 (university students). 
 
 (c) But, see as to the exception expressly allowed in the present 
 Act, pp. 16 23, infra. 
 
 (d) Elliott on Registration, 2nd ed. p. 204, quoted with approval 
 by Erie, C.J., in Powell v. (hiest (1864), 34 L. J. C. P. at p. 70. 
 
 .() (1844), 7M. &Gr. 1. 
 
 (/) Ibid, at p. 8. 
 
 (g) Reform Act, 1832. 
 
 (h) The word " occupation " is obviously used here in a colloquial 
 sense, and not in the strict legal meaning discussed on pp. 25 27, 
 infra . 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 *ect. i in the same case, Erie, J., said(/): "I think 
 that in the Reform Act the intention of the 
 legislature was, that a party who obtained a vote 
 by residing in a borough should have some local 
 interest there referring to the ordinary meaning 
 of the word residence, as conveying the idea of 
 home. . . . The fact of sleeping at a place, 
 indeed, by no means constitutes a residence 
 though, on the other hand, it may not be neces- 
 sary for the purpose of constituting a residence 
 in any place to sleep there at all. If a man's 
 family are living in a borough, and he is absent 
 for six months, but with the intention of re- 
 turning, he will still be considered as residing 
 there/' 
 
 Where a person has a house or rooms to which 
 he is entitled to go, even a considerable absence 
 will not break the residence for the purpose of 
 qualification (g). It is submitted, for example, 
 that a munition worker who leaves a constituency 
 in which he has his house for a part or even the 
 whole of the qualifying period, in order to work 
 elsewhere, will not lose the residence qualification 
 in the constituency provided that he retains his 
 place of abode in such constituency and his right 
 and intention to return there. 
 
 " A legal inability to reside caused by the 
 voter's own act and not by misfortune would 
 
 (/) Reform Act, 1832, at p. 10. 
 
 (g] Fakoiitr v. Duulup (1890), W. N. (1897) 12-4 ; see also Taylor 
 y. 8t. Mary Ablott Overseers (1870), L. B. o 0. P. 309; Bond v. 
 St. George, Hanover Square, Overseers, ibid. 312. 
 

 MEANING OF RESIDENCE. 
 
 break the residence " (h). Thus, imprisonment Sect, l. 
 following upon a conviction of a criminal offence, 
 for a substantial part of the qualifying period, 
 was held to have prevented the voter from having 
 obtained the residence qualification in his own 
 home under sect. 27 of the Reform Act, 1832. 
 
 The same principle applies where the voter, 
 being a civilian, has voluntarily incapacitated 
 himself from residing in the constituency, e.g. 
 where a clerk is bound under articles to a solicitor 
 not to leave his place of employment outside the 
 constituency without the solicitor's permission ('). 
 As to the position of sailors and soldiers and other 
 persons engaged in service of a naval or military 
 character, see pp. 76 90, infra. 
 
 From what has been said above, it is clear that a 
 person can obtain the residence qualification with- 
 out having any estate in the premises in which he 
 resides. Thus, a son living in his father's house 
 may thereby obtain the residence qualification. 
 
 It should be noticed that by sect. 41 (5) of the 
 present Act: "A person who is an inmate or 
 patient in any prison, lunatic asylum, workhouse, 
 poorhouse, or any other similar institution shall 
 not by reason thereof be treated as resident 
 therein for any purpose of this Act." 
 
 The fact that the object of the residence is to 
 
 (/*) Per Byles, J., in Pa well v. Guest (18(54), 34 L. J. C. P. at 
 p. 71. See also Ford v. Pye (1873), 9 0. P. 269 ; Ford v. Hart, i/>i<L 
 273; Beal v. Town Ckrk of Kxeter (1887), 20 Q. B. D. 300. 
 
 (i) Ford v. Drew (1879), 5 0. P. I). 59. It should be noticed 
 that the present Act repeals the Electoral Disabilities Removal Act, 
 1891 (54 & 55 Viet. c. 11), which provided that non-residence caused 
 by absence on duty, not exceeding four months at any one time, 
 should not disqualify. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. obtain a vote is in itself no objection, but will be 
 taken into account in determining whether there 
 is a real bond fide residence (k\ 
 
 By sect. 7 (2) of the present Act " residence 
 in a house . . . shall not be deemed to be inter- 
 rupted for the purposes of this Act by reason only 
 of permission being given by letting or otherwise 
 for the occupation of the house as a furnished 
 house by some other person for a part of the 
 qualifying period not exceeding four months in 
 the whole, or by reason only of notice to quit 
 being served and possession being demanded by 
 the landlord of the house." 
 
 The meaning of the word " house" in this sub- 
 section is not free from doubt. It is submitted, 
 however, that the word " house" here is used in 
 the meaning in which it has been interpreted by 
 the Courts in construing the word in sect. 27 of 
 the Reform Act, 1832, which, like the present 
 Act, contains no definition or reference to the 
 meaning of the word. In that section the fol- 
 lowing words are used: "Every male person 
 . . . who shall occupy ... as owner or tenant 
 any house . . . shall if duly registered ... be 
 entitled to vote . . ." 
 
 In Cook v. Humber(l), Erie, C.J., in delivering the 
 considered judgment of the Court of Common Pleas 
 (Erie, C.J., Williams, Keating and Byles, JJ.), 
 said : " Cases may be put where he (the claimant) 
 would, as tenant or occupier, be qualified, although 
 the key should be withheld; for if that which is one 
 
 () Whitlic-rn v. Thomas (1844), 7 M. & Or. 3. 
 (0 (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. at p. 76. 
 
MEANING OF " HOUSE." 17 
 
 house in one sense, being under one roof, be Sect. i. 
 divided by the structure into several flats, consti- 
 tuting several houses in another sense, has one 
 outer door to the street, of which a porter has the 
 key and the sole control for the security of the 
 tenants, each flat is a sufficient tenement, and 
 the qualification is gained, though the tenant 
 have no key to the outer door ; and it is the same 
 though the porter resides on one of the flats, and 
 is owner of all the rooms under the roof. Again, 
 if the occupier is tenant, it seems to us imma- 
 terial to inquire whether he has an uncontrolled 
 access to the house. If, for instance, a house is 
 let to A., without any access, except across the 
 yard of B., and B. neither gives nor refuses leave 
 to A. to pass over the yard, the mere liability to 
 interruption of the access would not prevent his 
 being qualified. And again, it seems immaterial 
 to inquire whether the tenant of a house has 
 exclusive possession, that is, possession free from 
 servitudes or rights of entry reserved to the 
 landlord : such servitudes and rights of entry 
 affect the value of the tenement, but not the 
 sufficiency in kind." 
 
 In Henrette v. Booth (m) the facts were as fol- 
 lows : The claimant was tenant of the whole of 
 the upper floor of a building; his holding con- 
 sisted of two rooms, opening on to the common 
 staircase. The staircase was approached from 
 the street by a passage at the end of which, next 
 to the street, was a door, which could be closed, 
 
 F. 
 
 (m) (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at p. 61. 
 
18 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. but had no lock or fastening of any kind. The 
 other floors were occupied by other tenants in a 
 similar way. The claimant had exclusive control 
 of the door leading to his own two rooms, which 
 were completely severed from the rest of the 
 building. In delivering judgment, Erie, C.J., 
 said(w): "I am of opinion that . . . the voter 
 is entitled to the franchise. I think he was the 
 tenant of a house within the meaning of the 2 & 
 3 Will. 4, c. 45 (nn\ s. 27 as explained in the case 
 of Cook v. ff timber (o). He occupied the whole of 
 the upper floor, and the part of the building 
 which was occupied by him communicated with 
 the landing on the staircase by one outer door, 
 over which he had exclusive control. It is also 
 stated in the case that there are other floors 
 occupied by other tenants, and that all the tenants 
 have access to their respective holdings from the 
 street through a doorway at the entrance of a 
 passage which leads to the common staircase of 
 the building. In this doorway there is a door 
 which has no lock or fastening of any kind. 
 That, I think, makes the voter the tenant of a 
 house within the meaning of the statute. We 
 have felt great difficulty in coming to a definite 
 idea of what is a house within the meaning of 
 the statute, when once it is assumed that there 
 may be several houses under one roof; but we 
 have felt bound to hold, notwithstanding, that 
 there may be such houses, and we must, there- 
 
 () (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at pp. 62, 63. 
 
 (mi) Keforni Act, 1832. 
 
 (o) (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. 73. 
 
MEANING OF " HOUSE." 19 
 
 fore, lay down rules for deciding what is a house Sect - * 
 and what is not, as clearly as we can. One 
 matter that the Court has considered with re- 
 ference to this subject is, that there would be 
 great complication, if a building, which had been 
 so constructed in other respects with reference to 
 its internal arrangements, as that it should be 
 considered as divided into several houses for the 
 purpose of the franchise, should, merely because 
 an outer door was added, be considered to be one 
 house only. And in Cook v. Number (p) we en- 
 deavoured to point out this, and also that the 
 question, whether the subject of occupation was 
 a separate house, did not depend solely on the 
 presence or absence of the landlord, or on the 
 circumstance whether the tenant had or had not 
 a key of the outer door. ... I think that the 
 facts of the present case show as complete an 
 analogy between this claim and that for chambers 
 in the Inns of Courts, or any of the other recog- 
 nized cases of separate holdings, which -constitute 
 several house>s with a common staircase under one 
 roof, as there possibly can be. . . ." 
 
 In the same case, Williams, J., said (q) : 
 "I am of the same opinion. We are bound to 
 abide by the opinion which we expressed in Cook 
 v. Number (r), that part of a building may confer 
 the franchise if there be an entirely independent 
 
 (p) (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. 73. 
 
 (g) (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at p, 63. 
 
 (r) (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. 73. 
 
 2(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, i. occupation of it, and it be actually severed from 
 the rest of the building, so as to form, in fact, a 
 separate house. It is impossible to deny that 
 there is difficulty in saying precisely in what a 
 separate house consists. It is admitted, however, 
 that if a building be divided into what are com- 
 monly called chambers, these are actually severed. 
 Nor does it seem to me that it would necessarily 
 be otherwise, if there was a door which separated 
 all the chambers from the street, and which might 
 be closed if the inmates were so minded. . . ." 
 
 Keating, J. ? said (s) : " The cases necessarily 
 run very close to each other. But looking to the 
 facts as found in this case, I come to the conclu- 
 sion, without difficulty, that this voter was the 
 tenant of a house within the meaning of the 
 statute, as explained in Cook v. Humber. There 
 was no other door between him and the street 
 except that leading on to the staircase ; for the 
 mere flap without a fastening cannot be considered 
 as a door for the purpose which we are now 
 considering." 
 
 It appears from the above judgments that 
 structural severance is necessary in order that 
 premises should be a " house" within the meaning 
 of sect. 27 of the Eeform Act, 1832, and by 
 analogy within the meaning of sect. 7 (2) of the 
 present Act. 
 
 The applicability of this view of the meaning 
 of the word " house" to the present Act is 
 strengthened by the fact that elsewhere in sect. 1 
 
 () (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. at p. 63. 
 
MEANING OF " HOUSE." 21 
 
 the word " premises" is used to describe the Sect. i. 
 subject of residence and occupation, so that if 
 the Legislature had intended that the provision 
 now under discussion should apply to all kinds 
 of premises in which a man resides, the word 
 "premises" would have been used instead of the 
 word " house." 
 
 It may be well to point out that the word 
 " dwelling-house," which occurs in sect. 3 of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1867, was 
 defined by sect. 61 of that Act, and that the 
 word "house" was defined in sect. 5 (t) of the 
 Parliamentary and Municipal Registration Act, 
 1878, and sect. 31 (a) of the Municipal Corpora- 
 tions Act, 1882. 
 
 The interpretation placed by the Courts on the 
 words " dwelling-house " and "house" in the 
 Acts just mentioned depended largely on the 
 express words of the definitions in those Acts, 
 and it is therefore submitted that the cases (u) in 
 which the words in question in those Acts were 
 interpreted throw no light upon the meaning of 
 the word "house" in the present Act. These 
 definitions expressly include in the meaning given 
 to the words "house" and "dwelling-house" 
 premises other than those included in the word 
 "house" as interpreted in the judgments in Cook 
 
 (i) Repealed by the present Act, s. 47 (1), and Eighth Schedule. 
 See p. 397, infra. For this definition, see p. 50, infra. 
 
 (u) Thompson v. Ward, Ellis v. Burch (1871), L. B. 6 C. P. 327 ; 
 Boon v. Howard (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 277; Allchurch v. Hendon 
 Union, (1891) 2 Q. B. 436 (C. A.). 
 
22 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. i. v. Humber (v) and Henrettev. Booth (%}, but it is 
 submitted that these judgments supply the true 
 test of the meaning of the word " house " in the 
 present Act by reason of the fact that the judges 
 were there construing the word in an Act which 
 like the present contained no definition of 
 " house." It should also be noticed that 
 sect. 41 (8) of the present Act follows the Act of 
 1867 in expressly including in the meaning of 
 the word " dwelling-house " " any part of a house 
 where that part is occupied separately as a dwell- 
 ing-house." The fact that the Acts referred to 
 above contained definitions of the words " house " 
 and " dwelling-house " and that the present Act- 
 deals expressly with the meaning of the word 
 " dwelling-house " whilst leaving the word 
 " house " undefined, is a strong argument against 
 the applicability of these definitions to the word 
 " house" in the present Act, and in favour of the 
 meaning given to the word in the judgments 
 mentioned above. 
 
 There would appear to be no necessity for the 
 four months referred to in sect. 7 (2), set out on 
 p. 16, supra, to be four consecutive months. It 
 should also be observed that the period of letting 
 may be more than four months in the whole 
 without disfranchising the elector, provided that 
 such period is in two and not one qualifying 
 period. 
 
 Further, not only is the residence of a lessor 
 
 (v] (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. 73. 
 (x) (1863), 33 L. J. C. P. 61. 
 
SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE. 23 
 
 deemed to be unbroken during the time his house Sect. l. 
 is let, but it is clear that the tenant may also 
 obtain the benefit of his residence towards his 
 qualification for the franchise during such time 
 as he resides in the house of which he is tenant. 
 
 The provision in sect. 7 (2) set out on p. 16, 
 supra, in so far as it deals with notice to quit, is 
 unnecessary in the case of residence. 
 
 As to the meaning of the word premises in 
 relation to the residence qualification, the Act 
 contains no definition, and indeed the words in 
 premises in sect. 1 (2) (a) appear to be surplusage. 
 Provided that a man resides in the constituency, 
 it is immaterial what is the nature or value of the 
 premises in which he resides. 
 
 It should also be remembered in this connection 
 that a man may during the course of a qualifying 
 period move in immediate succession from one set 
 of premises to another in the constituency (y\ 
 or a neighbouring constituency as described in 
 sect. 2 (b), without losing his qualification, pro- 
 vided that he does not cease to reside. 
 
 This materially extends the meaning of what 
 was formerly known, in relation to the occupation 
 franchise, as " successive occupation." Thus, 
 bearing in mind that the administrative county 
 of London is, for the purposes of sect. 1 (2), to be 
 treated as a parliamentary borough, a man may 
 move his residence in London freely during the 
 qualifying period in any constituency in London. 
 
 (*/) As to the meaning of the word "constituency," see p. 3, 
 
 footnote (), supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, i. He may also move, e.g., into any constituency 
 within the parliamentary counties of Essex or 
 Kent, as such parliamentary counties at some 
 point touch the boundaries of the administrative 
 county of London. 
 
 As to the manner in which a t i naval or military 
 voter " can obtain the residence qualification, see 
 sect. 5, pp. 7679, and pp. 8690, 9193, 
 infra. 
 
 (b) The requisite business premises qualifica- 
 tion. In order to have this qualification a man 
 (i) must on the last day of the qualifying 
 period be occupying business premises in the 
 constituency (, and (ii) must during the whole 
 of the qualifying period have occupied 
 business premises in the constituency or in 
 another constituency within the same parlia- 
 mentary borough or parliamentary county or 
 within a parliamentary borough or parlia- 
 mentary county contiguous to that borough or 
 county or separated from that borough or county 
 by water, not exceeding at the nearest point six 
 miles in breadth measured in the case of tidal 
 water from low-water mark. For this purpose 
 the administrative county of London shall be 
 treated as a parliamentary borough (2). 
 
 As to the meaning of the words on the last 
 day of the qualifying period, see pp. 9, 10, 
 supra. 
 
 (y] As to the meaning of the word "constituency," see p. 3, 
 footnote (it), supra. 
 
 (z) See sect. 1 (2), (b), set out on p. 2, supra. 
 
MEANING OF OCCUPATION. 
 
 It should be noticed that in the case of the Sect. i. 
 business premises qualification the requirements 
 of sect. 1 (2) (a) are satisfied by occupation on 
 the last day of the qualifying period, even in the 
 case of successive occupation, without any addi- 
 tional period such as is required in the case of 
 the residence qualification (a). 
 
 In the case of the business premises qualifica- 
 tion, as in that of the residence qualification, 
 there is no necessity for the land or premises 
 occupied to be the same during the whole of the 
 qualifying period, provided such land or premises 
 are occupied in immediate succession and are 
 within the requisite limits (aa). 
 
 The meaning of the words occupying in sect. 
 1 (2) (a) and occupied in sect. 1 (2) (b), like the 
 meaning of " residence," raises difficulties. 
 
 In Cook v. Humber(b), Erie, C.J., in considering 
 the meaning of occupation in relation to sect. 27 
 of the Reform Act, 1832, defined " occupation " 
 as " actual exercise of the rights of the owner 
 in possession during the requisite time." 
 
 This is apparently the only judicial definition 
 of the word u occupation " in relation to the par- 
 liamentary franchise. Although it may perhaps 
 be doubted (<?) whether any useful purpose is 
 served by referring to judgments which deal 
 with the meaning of the word in relation to a 
 
 (a) See pp. 10, 11, supra. 
 
 (aa) See sect. 1 (2) (b), pp. 2, 3, supra. See also pp. 2224. 
 (fc) (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. at p. 75. 
 
 (c) See the observations of Denman, C.J., in Rex v. Inhabitants 
 of St. Nicholas (ISM], 5 B. & Ad. at p. 226 ; see also p. 11, supra. 
 
26 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 . subject-matter other than that of the franchise, 
 the observations made by Lush, J., in Reg. v. 
 St. Pancras Assessment Committee (d) appear to be 
 so wide as to be worth quoting in connection 
 with the question now under consideration. 
 " Occupation includes possession as its primary 
 element, but it also includes something more. 
 Legal possession (e.g. the possession of the owner 
 of a vacant house) does not of itself constitute an 
 occupation." 
 
 The cases decided under sect. 27 of the Reform 
 Act, 1832 (e\ as to the meaning of occupation of 
 any warehouse, counting-house, shop, or other 
 similar building, may be usefully referred to as 
 throwing light on the meaning of the words 
 " occupying" and " occupied " in sect. 1 (2) 
 and (3) of the present Act. Under that section 
 it was decided that the occupation required need 
 not be actual occupation by the elector himself, 
 but might be constructive. Thus it was held 
 that there was occupation by the voter of a 
 warehouse, being part of a house, where his 
 goods were kept in the warehouse, although 
 no one lived in the house (/), of a counting- 
 house (part of a house) where he used it by 
 himself or his clerks for the purposes of his 
 business during the day, although such counting- 
 
 ((/) (1877), 2 Q. B. D. at p. 588. 
 
 (?) It is submitted that the words occupying business premises 
 will, generally speaking, have much the *ame effect as the words 
 " shall occupy as owner or tenant any . . . warehouse or counting- 
 house, shop or other building." 
 
 (/) Daniel v. Coidsting (1845), 7 M. & Gr. 122. 
 
MEANING OF OCCUPATION. 27 
 
 house might be locked up and left without anyone Sect. 1. 
 in it at night (g), of a shed on a wharf used by a 
 wharfinger for keeping in it his barrows, shovels 
 and baskets (h), of a shed used by a market 
 gardener for storing potatoes (*'), of a stone build- 
 ing on a piece of land, the building in which he 
 kept guano and other manure used for the pur- 
 poses of the land (/). 
 
 Having regard to the definitions and cases re- 
 ferred to above, it would appear that in order 
 that there should be occupation within the mean- 
 ing of section 1 of the present Act two conditions 
 must be fulfilled: (1) There must be the exercise 
 of the rights of ownership by the person to be 
 registered, whether such person is or is not the 
 owner, and (2) there must be actual user for the - 
 purpose of the business, profession or trade of 
 such person. 
 
 It should be noticed that by sect. 7 (2) " . . . 
 the occupation of a house shall not be deemed to 
 be interrupted for the purposes of this Act by 
 reason only of permission being given by letting 
 or otherwise for the occupation of the house as a 
 furnished house by some other person for part of 
 the qualifying period not exceeding four months 
 in the whole, or by reason only of notice to quit 
 being served and possession being demanded by 
 the landlord of the house ; . . ." This sub-section 
 
 (<j) Downing v. Luckett (1847), 17 1,. J. C. P. 31 ; Piercy v. 
 Maclean (1870), L. E. 5 C. P. 252. 
 
 (h] Watson v. Cotton (1847), 17 L. J. C. P. 68. 
 (*) Poiveli v. Farmer (1865), 34 L. J. C. P. 71. 
 (/) Morish v. Harris (1865), L. E, 1 C. P. 155. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 8ect - i- applies, as will be observed, only to the occupation 
 " of a " house "(*). 
 
 The case of a house which is used " for the 
 purpose of the business, profession or trade of the 
 person to be registered " being let furnished will 
 no doubt arise rarely. The provision as to notice 
 to quit is inserted to meet the cases in which it 
 was held (/), under sect. 5 of the Representation 
 of the People Act, 1884, that a notice to quit 
 coupled with a demand of possession by the land- 
 lord broke the occupation. 
 
 The expression business premises is defined 
 in sect. 1 (3) as land or other premises of the 
 yearly value of not less than ten pounds occu- 
 pied for the purpose of the business, profession 
 or trade of the person to be registered. 
 
 The words land or other premises include any 
 piece of land and any kind of structure, erec- 
 tion or building of whatever nature or any part 
 thereof provided they are occupied (m) for the 
 purpose of the business, profession or trade of 
 the person to be registered. 
 
 As to the words of the yearly value of not 
 less than ten pounds, it is provided by sect. 
 41 (9) of the present Act that " the yearly value 
 of land or premises shall be taken to be the gross 
 estimated rental or in the metropolis the gross 
 
 (&) As to the meaning of " house " (within which some " business 
 premises" will and some will not come), see pp. 16 22, supra. 
 
 (1} Strachan v. Binnie (1888), 15 Ct. of Sess. Gas. 308; Holland 
 v. Chambers, .Devine's Case, (1894) 2 Ir. E. 442. 
 
 (m) See pp. 25 27, supra. 
 
MEANING OF YEARLY VALUE. : 
 
 value where those premises are separately assessed Sect. i. 
 to rates, and in any other case shall be deemed 
 to be the amount which would in the opinion of 
 the registration officer be the gross estimated 
 rental or gross value as the case requires if they 
 were separately assessed." 
 
 The expression " gross estimated rental" is 
 defined by sect. 15 of the Union Assessment 
 Committee Act, 1862, as " the rent at which the 
 hereditament might reasonably be expected to 
 let from year to year free of all usual tenant's 
 rates and taxes and tithe commutation rent- 
 charge, if any." 
 
 The gross estimated rental forms a step in the 
 ascertainment of the rateable value, which is an 
 estimate " of the rent at which the (premises) 
 might reasonably be expected to let from year to 
 year free of all usual tenant's rates and taxes and 
 tithe commutation rentcharge if any and deduct- 
 ing therefrom the probable average annual cost 
 of the repairs insurance and other expenses if 
 any necessary to maintain them in a state to 
 command such rent " (n). 
 
 As to the words * { or in the metropolis the gross 
 value," it should be noticed that in the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, which governs rating in 
 the metropolis (0), "gross value" is substituted . 
 for the expression " gross estimated rental ' f which 
 
 (n} Parochial Assessments Act, 1836, 8. 1. The definition of 
 rateable value in the metropolis is substantially the same. See 
 sect. 4 of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 (o) As to the meaning jof "metropolis," see sects. 3, 4 of the 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869 (32 & 33 Viet. c. 67). 
 
30 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, i. appears in the Union Assessment Committee Act, 
 1862, s. 15, but the meaning of these two ex- 
 pressions as defined in the two Acts is the same. 
 The gross estimated rental of all premises outside 
 the metropolis that are separately assessed to 
 rates appear in the valuation lists (r), and in the 
 case of the metropolis the gross value of all pre- 
 mises that are separately assessed appears in the 
 valuation lists relating to the metropolis (*). 
 
 In Cook v. Butler (t) it was held, that the 
 words " rateable value of 121. or upwards" in 
 sect. 6 (2) of the Representation of the People 
 Act, 1867, meant real rateable value and not 
 necessarily the rateable value which appears in 
 the rate-book. It is, however, submitted that 
 in view of the words used in sect. 41 (9) of the 
 present Act quoted above (w), and the distinction 
 drawn between premises which are separately 
 assessed and those which are not, and the refe- 
 rence to the opinion of the registration officer in 
 the latter case only, the gross estimated rental 
 and gross value, as the case may be, appearing 
 in the valuation list is, under the present Act, 
 conclusive as to the yearly value of premises 
 which are separately assessed to rates. 
 
 Where premises are not separately assessed to 
 
 
 
 (r) Union Assessment Committee Act, 1862, ss. 14, 27, and 
 Schedule. 
 
 (s) Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, ss. 14, 51, and Second 
 Schedule. 
 
 (<) (1872), 8 C. P. 256. 
 
 () See pp. 28, 29, supra. 
 
MEANING OF YEARLY VALUE. 31 
 
 rates it becomes, by sect. 41. (9) quoted above (#), Sect. i. 
 the duty of the registration officer to form an 
 opinion as to what would be the gross estimated 
 rental (or gross value) if the premises were sepa- 
 rately assessed. In forming his opinion it is 
 submitted that the registration officer must be 
 governed by the law applicable to overseers or 
 assistant overseers in estimating the gross esti- 
 mated rental (and gross value). 
 
 The principles upon which the rateable value, 
 in the ascertainment of which the gross estimated 
 rental (or gross value) is, as was pointed out above, 
 a step, were stated as follows by the Court of 
 Queen's Bench (Blackburn, Quain and Archi- 
 bald, JJ.), in Mersey Docks v. Liverpool (w\ in a 
 considered judgment which, as Lord Esher, M.R., 
 said(#), " is and has always been held to be the 
 foundation of all the subsequent decisions upon 
 this matter'' : 
 
 "Where the hereditaments, or hereditaments 
 of a similar kind, are in practice actually let at a 
 rent, the amount of which is ascertained by what 
 has been called ' the higgling of the market, 5 
 the application of this definition (y) is easy and 
 simple. 
 
 " Where the hereditaments are not in practice 
 let, the problem becomes more difficult. The 
 facts and circumstances, which would be taken 
 
 (v) See pp. 28, 29, supra, 
 (w) (1873), L. R. 9 Q. B. at pp. 96, 97. 
 (x] Dodds v. South Shields Union, (1895) 2 Q. B. at p. 136. 
 (y} I.e., the definition of rateable value in the Parochial Assess- 
 ment Act, 1836, s. 1, which is set out on p. 29, supra. 
 
32 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, i. i n to consideration by those who in the case of a 
 real tenancy do 'in the higgling- of the market fix 
 the rent, are to be taken into consideration, and 
 on a view of all those the net annual value of the 
 occupation is to be determined ; and in many 
 cases the amount that is made by the trade carried 
 on by the occupier's occupation, less an allowance 
 for the profits which the tenant might elsewhere 
 make by his trade, is an important element in 
 the evidence of the annual value. In such a 
 case as Reg. v. Southampton Docks (2) they were 
 properly allowed ; but it is not always so. 
 
 " If the hereditaments are such as to afford 
 peculiar facilities for carrying on any kind of 
 business, that facility does, beyond all question, 
 enhance the value of the occupation ; but though 
 the profits which may be reasonably expected to 
 arise from such a business no doubt form an 
 element in estimating the enhanced value of the 
 occupation of the premises, the actual profits 
 made do not form any element, except in so far 
 as they afford evidence of what might be rea- 
 sonably expected to be made from the occupation 
 of premises affording facility for carrying on such 
 a business. For instance, to explain our mean- 
 ing, there can be no doubt that the annual rent 
 of a shop in Cheapside is higher than the annual 
 rent of a similar shop in a back street ; and that 
 the reason why tenants give a higher rent is 
 because of the superior facility for carrying on 
 business there. But the rent and the rateable 
 
 (z) 17 Q. B. 83; 20 L. J. M. C. 155. 
 
MEANING OF YEARLY VALUE. 33 
 
 value of the shop are quite independent of the Sect. i. 
 amount of the shopkeeper's actual gains. The 
 rateable value is the same whether the tenant is 
 a flourishing trader or is carrying on business at 
 a loss. So, no doubt, in fixing the rent of cham- 
 bers in one of the Inns of Court, the facility for 
 carrying on the legal profession in them is an 
 element, and an important one, but the actual 
 income of the tenant is not. The chambers 
 command no more rent when let to the Attorney- 
 General than they would do if let to a young 
 barrister just called who does not as yet pay his 
 expenses." 
 
 In R. v. School Board for London (a\ Lord 
 Esher, M.R., said: " The real question is how 
 the value is to be ascertained. The inquiry is not 
 as to what rent is paid by the actual occupier. 
 The mode of finding out the value is laid down in 
 the Act(#), and it is to ascertain the rent which a 
 tenant (not the tenant) taking one year with 
 another might reasonably be expected to pay; 
 it is also implied that where the owner occupies, 
 he is to be considered as if he were a tenant. 
 The directions given by the Act are equivalent 
 to saying that one must look at all possible 
 tenants." 
 
 As to the meaning of " yearly value" in Scot- 
 land, see sect. 43 (2), p. 310, infra, and in Ireland 
 sect. 43 (12), p. 335, infra. 
 
 (a] (1886), 17 Q. B. D. at 740; see also the observations of 
 Bowen and Fry, L. JJ., at p. 741. 
 
 (6) Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 4. 
 
 F. '6 
 
34 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 _sect.jL. The words occupied for the purpose of the 
 business, profession or trade of the person to be 
 registered require consideration. 
 
 In the language of Jessel, M.R., in Smith v. 
 Anderson (c) : " Business itself is a word of large 
 and indefinite import. I have before me the last 
 edition of Johnson's Dictionary, edited by Dr. 
 Latham, and there the first meaning given of it 
 is { employment, transaction of affairs ' ; the 
 second, i an affair ' ; the third, ' subject of busi- 
 ness, affair, or object which engages the care.' 
 Then there are some other meanings, and the 
 sixth is, ' something to be transacted.' The 
 seventh is, ' something required to be done.' 
 Then taking the last edition of the Imperial 
 Dictionary, which is a very good dictionary, we 
 find it a little more definite, but with a remark 
 which is worth reading : ' Business, employment ; 
 that which occupies the time and attention and 
 labour of men for the purpose of profit or im- 
 provement.' That is to say, anything which 
 occupies the time and attention and labour of a 
 man for the purpose of profit is business. It is a 
 word of extensive use and indefinite signification. 
 Then, * Business is a particular occupation, as 
 agriculture, trade, mechanics, art, or profession, 
 . . . .' Therefore the Legislature could not well 
 have used a larger word." 
 
 In the above case the learned Master of the 
 R,olls was construing the meaning of the word 
 ' business " in sect. 4 of the Companies Act, 1862, 
 which refers to u business that has for its object 
 
 (c) (1880), 15 Oh. D. at p. 258. 
 
MEANING OF " TRADE. ' 36 
 
 the acquisition of gain." It seems clear that in Sect. i. 
 the present Act the word " business " is applicable 
 to cases where there is no profit or gain. In 
 Re Law Reporting Council ($), where the question 
 was whether the Council of Law Reporting were 
 entitled to exemption from duty as being a body 
 " established for any trade or business" within 
 the meaning of sect. 11 (5) of the Customs and 
 Inland Revenue Act, 1885, it was held that the 
 Council were entitled to exemption although they 
 did not make a profit to their own benefit. Not- 
 withstanding this, it was held (e) that the Council 
 were in fact carrying on a business. 
 
 As to the meaning of the word " trade," "it is 
 unnecessary to refer to authorities to show that 
 the word ' business ' has a more extensive 
 meaning than the word * trade.' It has never 
 been doubted that farming was a business, though 
 it could not properly be called a ( trade,' since the 
 latter has the technical meaning of buying and 
 selling "(/). Further, as in the case of business, 
 it is not essential to the carrying on of a trade 
 that the persons engaged in it should make or 
 desire to make profit by it " (y). 
 
 In considering whether a person is or is not 
 carrying on a business or trade, the question of 
 
 (d) (1888), 22 Q. B. D. 291. 
 
 (e) See the observations of Lord Coleridge, C.J., ibid, at pp. 293, 
 294. 
 
 (/) Per Willes, J., in Harris v. Amery (1865), 35 L. J. C. P. at 
 p. 92. 
 
 ((/) Per Lord Coleridge, C.J., in Rt Law Reporting Council (IS8S), 
 22 Q. B. D. at p. 293. 
 
 3(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 continuity may be of importance. To quote one 
 of the illustrations given by Jessel, M.R., in 
 Smith v. Anderson (h\ u a man occasionally buys 
 and sells land, as many landowners do, and 
 nobody would say he was a land-jobber or dealer 
 in land, but if a man made it his particular 
 business to buy and sell land .... he would be 
 designated as a land-jobber or dealer in land." 
 
 The construction which the Courts will put 
 upon the words occupied for the purpose of the 
 business, profession or trade of the person to be 
 registered is not free from doubt. It will be a 
 question in each case (1) whether the person 
 to be registered is occupying (i) the premises 
 and (2) whether the business, profession or trade 
 of the person to be registered is his business, pro- 
 fession or trade. It is submitted that there may 
 be cases where an employer only is, though 
 absent, entitled to be registered, arid in view of 
 the fact that there are no words in sect. 1 of the 
 present Act limiting the occupation to that of 
 owner or tenant, as was the case in former Fran- 
 chise Acts, there may also possibly be some cases 
 where the employee only is entitled to be regis- 
 tered, and where both employer, though absent, 
 and employee are entitled to be registered. 
 
 It must be remembered, of course, that it is 
 only where the employee is in a position of 
 authority that he can possibly fulfil the require- 
 
 (h) (1880), 15 Ch. D. at p. 260. 
 (t) See pp. 25 28, supra. 
 

 JOINT OCCUPIERS. 
 
 merits of " occupation," viz. "the actual exercise Sect. i. 
 of the rights of the owner in possession " (#). 
 
 Sect. 7(1) provides that "where land or pre- 
 mises are in the joint occupation of two or 
 more persons, each of the joint occupiers shall 
 for the purposes of this Part of this Act be treated 
 as occupying the premises subject as follows : 
 (a) In the case of the occupation of business 
 premises the aggregate yearly value of 
 the premises must for the purpose of the 
 parliamentary franchise be not less than 
 the amount produced by multiplying 
 ten pounds by the number of the joint 
 occupiers : and 
 
 (c) Not more than two joint occupiers shall be 
 entitled to be registered in respect of 
 the same land or premises unless they 
 are bona fide engaged as partners carry- 
 ing on their profession, trade, or business 
 on the land or premises. 
 
 As to the manner in which a " naval or military 
 voter " can obtain the business premises qualifica- 
 tion, see sect. 5, pp. 76 79, and pp. 86 90, 
 9091, infra. 
 
 2. A man shall be entitled to be regis- University 
 tered as a parliamentary elector lor a uni- (). 
 versity constituency 1 if lie is of full age 2 and 
 
 1 See p. 38, infra. 2 See p. 4, supra. 
 
 (k] See the observations of Erie, C.J., in Cook v. Humber, quoted 
 at p. 25, supra, and also p. 27, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect, a. not subject lo any legal incapacity, 3 and has 
 received a degree (other than an honorary 
 degree) at any university forming, or forming 
 part of, the constituency, or in the case of 
 the Scottish universities is qualified under 
 section twenty-seven of the Representation 
 of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868, 4 or in the 
 case of the University of Dublin has either 
 received a degree (other than an honorary 
 degree) or has obtained a scholarship or 
 fellowship in the University, whether before 
 or after the passing of this Act. 
 
 NOTE. This section, similarly to sect. 1, is 
 applicable to male persons only. 
 
 Registered as a parliamentary elector for a 
 university constituency. As to registration for 
 university constituencies, see sect. 19, pp. 153, 
 154, infra. 
 
 The words " parliamentary elector for a univer- 
 sity constituency" in the above section mean a 
 person who is entitled to vote at an election of a 
 member of the House of Commons for a con- 
 stituency consisting of a university or a combina- 
 tion of universities. See sect. 41 (1), p. 305, infra. 
 
 Full age. See p. 4, supra. 
 
 Not subject to any legal incapacity. See 
 pp. 4 8, supra. 
 
 Has received a degree (other than an 
 honorary degree) at any university forming, 
 or forming part of, the constituency. - - By 
 
 3 See pp. 48, supra. 4 See p. 39, infra. 
 
UNIVERSITY FRANCHISE (MEN). 
 
 sect. 2 of the Act the receipt of any degree Sect. 2. 
 except an honorary degree at any one of certain 
 universities entitles a man who is of full age and 
 not subject to any legal incapacity to the vote in 
 a university constituency in England, Wales or 
 Ireland. Thus, a Bachelor of Arts of the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford, who prior to this Act had no 
 vote in virtue of his degree, is now in the same 
 position in regard to the franchise as a Doctor of 
 Divinity or a Master of Arts of that university. 
 
 The universities in England and Wales which 
 form a constituency or part of a constituency 
 are mentioned in the Ninth Schedule, Part III., 
 p. 554, infra. 
 
 In the case of the Scottish Universities 
 is qualified under section twenty-seven of 
 the Representation of the People (Scotland) 
 Act, 1868. Sect. 27 of the Representation 
 of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868, enacts 
 that " the Chancellor, the Members of the ' 
 University Court, and the professors for the 
 time being of each of the Universities of Scot- 
 land, and also every person whose name is . 
 for the time being on the register .... of the 
 General Council of such University shall if .... 
 of full age, and not subject to any legal incapacity, 
 be entitled to vote in the election of a member to 
 serve in any future Parliament for such Uni- 
 versity. . . ." 
 
 There is only one Scottish university constitu- 
 ency, formed by the universities of St. Andrews, 
 Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh. 
 
40 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 2. As to u naval or military voters," see sect. 5, 
 " pp. 7679, and pp. 86, 87, 90, infra. 
 
 Local 3. A man shall be entitled to be regis- 
 
 gOTernmeiit 
 
 franchise tered as a local government elector for a 
 
 (men). 
 
 local government electoral area 1 if he is of 
 full age 2 and not subject to any legal inca- 
 pacity, 8 and 
 
 (a) is on the last day of the qualifying 
 
 period occupying as owner or 
 tenant, 4 any land or premises in 
 that area 5 ; and 
 
 (b) has, during the whole of the qualifying 
 
 period, so occupied any land or 
 premises in that area, or, if that 
 area is not an administrative county 
 or a county borough, in any admini- 
 strative county or county borough 
 in which the area is wholly or partly 
 situate 6 : 
 Provided that 
 
 (i) for the purposes of this section a 
 man who himself inhabits any 
 dwelling-house 7 by virtue of any 
 office, service, or employment, 
 shall if the dwelling-house is 
 
 1 See p. 41, footnote (??), infra. 6 See p. 60, infra. 
 
 2 See p. 4, supra. See pp. 61, 62, infra. 
 
 3 See p. 42, infra. 7 See pp. 49 54, infra. 
 
 4 See pp. 4360, infra. 
 
LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE (MEN). 4 I 
 
 not inhabited by the person Sect - 3 - 
 in whose service he is in such 
 office, service, or employment, be 
 deemed to occupy the dwelling- 
 house as a tenant 8 ; and 
 (ii) for the purposes of this section the 
 word tenant shall include a 
 person who occupies a room or 
 rooms as a lodger only where 
 such room or rooms are let to 
 him in an unfurnished state. 9 
 
 NOTE. Section 3 states the conditions which 
 must be fulfilled in order to entitle a male person 
 to be registered (I) as a local government 
 elector (m) for a local government electoral 
 area (n). 
 
 These conditions are : 
 
 (1) He must be of full age. 
 
 (2) He must not be subject to any legal in- 
 
 capacity. 
 
 b See pp. 4956, infra. 9 See pp. 5760, infra. 
 
 (1} As to registration for local government purposes, see Part II. , 
 Registration, sects. 11 19 of the Act, pp. 125155, infra. 
 
 (m) The words local government elector in sect. 3 mean a 
 male person who is entitled to vote at an election for any county 
 council, municipal borough council, metropolitan borough council, 
 district council, board of guardians, parish council or other similar 
 body. See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. 
 
 (n) The words local government electoral area mean the area 
 for which any of the bodies mentioned in note (m) above are elected. 
 See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. 
 
42 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. (3) He must on the last day of the qualifying 
 
 period be occupying as owner or tenant 
 any land or premises in the local govern- 
 ment electoral area. 
 
 (4) He must during the whole of the qualifying 
 period have occupied as owner or tenant 
 any land or premises in the local govern- 
 ment area, or if that area is not an 
 administrative county or a county borough 
 in an administrative county or county 
 borough in which the area is wholly or 
 partly situate. 
 
 (1) He must be of full age. As to this see 
 p. 4, supra. 
 
 (2) He must not be subject to any legal 
 incapacity. The nature of the incapacity is the 
 same here as in the case of a parliamentary elector 
 (see pp. 4, 7 8, supra], i.e., it is some quality 
 inherent in a person or for the time being irre- 
 movable in such person which either at common 
 law or by statute deprives him of the status of an 
 elector. The persons who are legally incapaci- 
 tated from being registered under this section as 
 local government electors are the same as those 
 mentioned on pages 5, 6, 7, supra, with the excep- 
 tion of peers (0). 
 
 (3) He must on the last day of the qualifying 
 period be occupying as owner or tenant any 
 
 (o) The constitutional reasons which prevent peers from voting 
 at an election of a member of the House of Commons are not ap- 
 plicable to local government elections. See Beancliamp (Earl} v. 
 Madresfidd (1872), L. R. 8 C. P. 250, 251. 
 
MEANING OF OCCUPATION IN SECT. 3. 
 
 land or premises in the local government electoral Sect. s. 
 area. As to the words " on the last day of the 
 qualifying period," see pp. 9, 10, supra. If a 
 man moves into a local government area within 
 thirty days of the last day of the qualifying 
 period, he must fulfil the conditions of sect. 
 7 (4), which is as follows: " Notwithstanding 
 anything in this Act, a person shall not be en- 
 titled to be registered as a local government 
 elector for a local government electoral area 
 though that person may have been occupying 
 land or premises in the area on the last day of 
 the qualifying period, if that person commenced 
 to occupy the land or premises within thirty days 
 before the end of the qualifying period, and ceased 
 to occupy the land or premises within thirty days 
 after the commencement of the occupation." 
 
 It will be observed that this provision is similar 
 to sect. 7 (3), which was dealt with on pp. 10, 11, 
 supra, except that under the words " occupy the 
 land or premises " here used a change of premises 
 during the thirty days would not be permissible, 
 as it is under the words "reside in the con- 
 stituency" in sect. 7 (3) (p). 
 
 be occupying as owner or tenant. The word 
 "occupying" in this section is used in two dif- 
 ferent senses : first in its strict legal meaning in 
 connection with the words " as owner or tenant," 
 the latter word being used in its usual legal sig- 
 nification (q) ; secondly in a looser sense when 
 
 (p] See p. 10, supra, 
 (q) See p. 47, infra. 
 
44 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 3 - used in* connection with the special meaning ex- 
 pressly given to the word " tenant " by proviso (ii) 
 in sect. 3. As to the meaning of occupation in 
 the first of the above senses, see pp. 25 '^7, 
 supra. The word u occupying " in this sense has 
 the same meaning in sect. 3 as in sect. 1, subject 
 to the following qualification. 
 
 The words "as owner or tenant " do not occur 
 in the definition in sect. 1 of the business pre- 
 mises qualification for the parliamentary fran- 
 chise, which is based on occupation. The person 
 to be registered as a local government elector 
 by the qualification under consideration must 
 " occupy " in the same sense as the parliamentary 
 elector registered in respect of the business pre- 
 mises qualification (r), with the addition that 
 unlike such parliamentary elector he must be the 
 owner or tenant of the land or premises. 
 
 In practice this addition will not in the great 
 majority of cases make any difference between 
 the " occupation " required for a parliamentary 
 elector registered in respect of the business pre- 
 mises qualification and the u occupation " required 
 under sect. 3 for a local government elector, as 
 the former will usually be the owner or tenant of 
 the land or premises, the subject-matter of the 
 occupation ; but there will probably be particular 
 instances where such is not the case. As in the 
 case of occupation under sect. 1, so here the 
 occupation may be actual or constructive ; in 
 
 (r) See pp. 25 27, supra. 
 
MEANING OF OCCUPATION IN SECT. 3. 
 
 particular it would seem that a soldier or other Sect. 
 person serving in connection with the war who 
 is absent during a part or even the whole of the 
 qualifying period will nevertheless be entitled to 
 be registered as a local government elector if he 
 is the owner or tenant of premises in which he 
 leaves his wife or his family live during his 
 absence (s). 
 
 . Sect. 7 (2) of the present Act lays down that 
 " ... the occupation of a house shall not be 
 deemed to be interrupted for the purposes of this 
 Act by reason only of permission being given by 
 letting or otherwise for the occupation of the 
 house as a furnished house by some other person 
 for a part of the qualifying period not exceeding 
 four months in the whole, or by reason only of 
 notice to quit being served and possession being 
 demanded by the landlord of the house . . ." 
 
 It should be noticed that this provision only 
 applies to a " house." As to the meaning of the 
 word "house" in this provision, see pp. 16 22, 
 supra. 
 
 A man would be entitled to be registered under 
 sect. 3 notwithstanding that his house is in the 
 occupation of a tenant (with all the usual rights) 
 to whom he has let it furnished, provided the 
 period for which he has let his house is not more 
 than four months (not necessarily consecutive) in the 
 whole during the qualifying period. Sect. 7 (2), 
 therefore, extends the meaning of the word 
 " occupying" in sect. 3 in an important respect, 
 
 (s) Whitelaw v. M'Goivan (1905), 8 F. 332. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. as, where a man lias let his house he does not 
 fulfil the conditions laid down by Erie, C.J., in 
 defining occupation as u the actual exercise of the 
 rights of the owner in possession " (y}. 
 
 The observations made on pp. 22, 23, supra, with 
 regard to sect. 7 (2) in relation to residence are 
 equally applicable here with such modifications as 
 are obviously necessary by reason of the franchise 
 now dealt with being based on occupation instead 
 of residence. 
 
 The effect of the provision in sect. 7 (2) set out 
 above as to notice to quit is to prevent the dis- 
 franchisement of tenants, which under sect. 5 of 
 the Representation of the People Act, 1884, was 
 held(0) to have taken place by reason of their 
 landlords having served them with a notice to 
 quit and a demand of possession. 
 
 The word owner in sect. 3 means a person who 
 has a freehold estate whether legal or equitable 
 in the land or premises in question as opposed to 
 a person having any less estate. 
 
 Tenant here means a person who whilst not 
 an " owner " has some estate, however small 
 either legal or equitable, in the subject-matter of 
 the occupation, and also by proviso (ii) in sect. 3, 
 a lodger who occupies a room or rooms which are 
 let to him unfurnished (a). It is best to keep 
 
 (y) Cook v. Number (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. at p. 75, and see p. 25, 
 supra. 
 
 (z) Strachan v. Binnie (1888), 15 Ct. of Sess. Cas. 308 ; Holland 
 v. Chambers (Devine's Case], (1894) 2 Ir. R. 442. 
 
 (a) As to this, see pp. 57 59, infra. 
 

 MEANING OF TENANT. 47 
 
 these two meanings of " tenant " in this section Sect. 3. 
 distinct. 
 
 Dealing first with the meaning of the word 
 i 'tenant" in the first of the above meanings, it 
 may be useful to refer to some of the cases 
 decided under sect. 27 of the Reform Act, 1832, 
 and sect. 5 of the Representation of the People 
 Act, 1884, where difficult questions arose as to 
 what constituted a tenant, as these cases would, 
 no doubt, be held applicable in determining the 
 meaning of the word " tenant" in sect. 3 of the 
 present Act. 
 
 It was decided under the Act of 1884 that 
 tenants at will (b) were entitled to be regis- 
 tered. 
 
 In Holland v. Chambers (John Doherty's Case) (c), 
 it was held that when the sole next of kin of the 
 deceased tenant of a house who died intestate, 
 resided in the house and paid the rent, his occu- 
 pation was that of a tenant, notwithstanding that 
 he had never taken out letters of administration. 
 
 In Heath v. Haynes(d) the claimant occupied 
 rooms in a hospital as a member of the corpo- 
 ration of " The Master and Brethren of the 
 Hospital of Robert, Earl of Leicester." The pro- 
 perty belonged to the charity and was managed 
 by the members of the corporation, each being 
 allotted a set of rooms over which he had exclu- 
 sive control. It was held that the claimant did 
 not occupy either as owner or tenant. 
 
 (6) Rogers v. Harvey (1858), 28 L. J. C. P. 17. 
 
 (c) (1894) 2 I. E. 285. 
 
 (d] (1857), 27 L. J. C. P. 50. 
 
REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. In Powell v. .Boraston(e) it was decided, that 
 where a man built and occupied a shed on the 
 land of a farmer (who was tenant of the land 
 and allowed such building and occupation without 
 his landlord's permission), the farmer was not the 
 owner or tenant of the shed. 
 
 It should also be noticed that under the Bank- 
 ruptcy Act, 1883, all the property of a person 
 who is adjudicated bankrupt vests in the trustee 
 in bankruptcy, and therefore the bankrupt would 
 not be entitled to be registered as owner or tenant 
 (in the meaning now being discussed (/) ) under 
 sect. 3 of this Act. There is, however, an exception 
 in the case where a bankrupt, who occupies pre- 
 mises as tenant, continues to occupy them after 
 his adjudication and pays the rent. In that case, 
 provided the official receiver or trustee in bank- 
 ruptcy has done nothing by payment of rent or 
 otherwise in relation to the tenancy, the bankrupt 
 may be occupying as tenant at will or by estoppel 
 from the date of his adjudication (g}. 
 
 By section 3, proviso (i) " f or the purposes 
 of this section a man who himself inhabits any 
 dwelling-house by virtue of any office, service, 
 or employment, shall if the dwelling-house is 
 not inhabited by the person in whose* service 
 he is in such office, service, or employment, be 
 deemed to occupy the dwelling-house as a 
 tenant." 
 
 (e) (1865), 34 L. J. C. P. To'. 
 
 (/) See p. 47, supra. 
 
 (g) Mackay v. McGuire, (1891) 1 Q. B. 250. 
 
 
MEANING OF "DWELLING-HOUSE." 
 
 The object of this proviso, which deals with Sect. 3. 
 what has been hitherto known in connection with 
 the parliamentary franchise as the " service fran- 
 chise," is intended to remove the inference of 
 law that a servant who is under an obligation to 
 inhabit premises for the performance of his duties 
 does not occupy as tenant. 
 
 The following points should be noticed in 
 connection with this proviso : 
 
 (1) To come within the proviso the premises 
 inhabited must be a dwelling-house. By sect. 
 41 (8) of the present Act "the expression < dwel- 
 ling-house ' includes any part of a house, where 
 that part is occupied separately as a dwelling- 
 house." The meaning of the expression "dwel- 
 ling-house" in proviso (i) of sect. 3, as explained 
 by sect. 41 (8), is not free from doubt. Sect. 3 
 of the Representation of the People Act, 1867, 
 contained the words " dwelling-house," which by 
 sect. 61 of the same Act was to be read as in- 
 cluding "'any part of a house occupied as a 
 separate dwelling and separately rated to the 
 relief of the poor." By sect. 59 of the same Act, 
 that Act and the Reform Act, 1832, were to be 
 read together as one Act. It was accordingly 
 argued that the decisions in Cook v. Humber(h) 
 and Henrette v. Booth (i) under sect. 27 of the 
 Reform Act, 1832, as to the meaning of the word 
 "house" were applicable in interpreting the 
 expression " dwelling-house " in the Act of 1867. 
 
 (A) (1862), 31 L. J. 0. P. at p. 76. 
 
 () (1863), 33 L. J. 0. P. at pp. 62, 63. 
 
50 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. In the cases of Thompson v. Ward, Ellis v. Burch ( i) 
 and Boon v. Howard (j) the Court was equally 
 divided as to whether it was necessary that there 
 should be structural severance in order to con- 
 stitute a " dwelling-house " within the meaning 
 of the Act of 1867. Subsequently to these de- 
 cisions the point was settled by the express words 
 of sect. 5 of the Parliamentary and Municipal 
 Registration Act, 1878, which made it clear that 
 structural severance was not necessary. By that 
 section it was, inter alia, provided that u in and 
 for the purposes of the Representation of the 
 People Act, 1867, the term { dwelling-house ' 
 shall include any part of a house where that 
 part is separately occupied as a dwelling," and 
 that " for the purposes of any of the Acts referred 
 to in this section (i.e., amongst others the Repre- 
 sentation of the People Act, 1867) where an 
 occupier is entitled to the sole and exclusive use 
 of any part of a house that part shall not be 
 deemed to be occupied otherwise than separately 
 by reason only that the occupier is entitled to 
 the joint use of some other part." 
 
 It is submitted that in view of the difference 
 in language between sect. 41 (8) of the present 
 Act and sect. 61 (&) of the Representation of the 
 People Act, 1867, and the fact that the latter 
 Act and the Reform Act, 1832, were to be read 
 together, it would not bo held that the expression 
 11 dwelling-house " in the present Act bears the 
 
 (t) (1871), L. E. 6C. P. 327. 
 (/) (1874), L. E. 9 C. 277. 
 
 (k) Seep. 49, supra. 
 
MEANING OF " DWELLING-HOUSE." 51 
 
 meaning given to the word " house " in Cook v. Sect. 3. 
 Humber(l) and Henrette v. Booth (m). Further, 
 in view of the close similarity between the lan- 
 guage of the first part of sect. 5 of the Parlia- 
 mentary and Municipal Registration Act, 1878, 
 quoted above (w), and that of sect. 41 (8) of the 
 present Act, and the fact that the latter part of 
 sect. 5 of the former Act was in effect declaratory 
 of the law for the purpose of settling the doubts 
 raised by the disagreement of the learned judges 
 in the cases (o) under the Act of 1867, it is pro- 
 bable that the expression " dwelling-house " in 
 the present Act would be held to have the mean- 
 ing given to it by sect. 5 of the Parliamentary 
 and Municipal Registration Act, 1878, and there- 
 fore, that where an occupier is entitled to the 
 sole and exclusive use of any part of a house, 
 that part shall not be deemed to be occupied 
 otherwise than separately by reason only that 
 the occupier is entitled to the joint use of some 
 other part. In other words, structural severance 
 is not necessary to constitute a " dwelling-house " 
 under the present Act (p). 
 
 If the above view of the meaning of " dwelling- 
 house " in sect. 3 of the present Act is correct, it 
 will be useful to refer to some of the cases decided 
 under sect. 3 of the Representation of the People 
 
 (0 (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. at p. 76. 
 (m) (1863), 33 L. J. 0. P. at pp. 62, 63. 
 (w) See p. 50, supra. 
 
 (o) See Thompson v. Ward, Ell-is v. Burch and Boon v. Howard, 
 vupra, 
 
 (p) See Allchurch v. Hendon Union, (1891) 2 Q. B. 436. 
 4 (2) 
 
52 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. Act, 1884 (which first conferred the service fran- 
 chise), as to the meaning of the expression 
 " dwelling-house," which was the same in that 
 Act as in the Act of 1878 (p). 
 
 In Campbell v. Morris (q), a coachman had the 
 exclusive use and control of a room over a stable 
 furnished as a bedroom, in which he kept his 
 clothes and dressed, but he took his meals in the 
 mansion-house occupied by his master, and slept 
 there as caretaker. He claimed to be enrolled as 
 a voter by reason that he inhabited the room over 
 the stable as a dwelling-house by virtue of service 
 within the meaning of sect. 3 of the Representa- 
 tion of the People Act, 1884. It was held that 
 he was not entitled to the franchise, because the 
 dwelling-house which he inhabited was not the 
 room over the stables, but the mansion-house, 
 which was inhabited by the person under whom 
 he served. 
 
 In Barnett v. Hickmott (?'), a policeman had the 
 exclusive occupation, by virtue of his service, of 
 a cubicle in a dormitory at a police barrack. 
 The cubicle was separated from the rest of the 
 dormitory, which contained a number of similar 
 cubicles, by a partition seven feet high, but there 
 was a space of five feet between the top of the 
 partition and the ceiling. The policeman kept 
 the key of his cubicle, and was entitled to lock it 
 up at any time. It was held that the cubicle was 
 not "part of a house separately occupied as a 
 
 4- ( p) See p. 50, supra. 
 
 (q} (1895), 23 Ct. of Sess. Gas. (4th Series) 118. 
 (r) (1895) 1 Q. B. 691. 
 
MEANING OF " DWELLING-HOUSE." 58 
 
 dwelling" within the meaning of sect. 5 of the Sect. 8. 
 Parliamentary and Municipal Registration Act, 
 1878, and that the policeman was not entitled to 
 the franchise in respect of it. 
 
 In Clutterbuck v. Taylor (s) the facts were similar. 
 All the cubicles had a gas-light in common. A 
 lavatory and mess-room were provided for the 
 policemen who occupied these cubicles in another 
 part of the police station. The policemen occu- 
 pying the cubicles were subject to the control 
 of a superior officer, who had power to impose 
 restrictions upon their use of the cubicles incon- 
 sistent with the rights which a person ordinarily 
 exercises in respect of his own dwelling. It was 
 held by Lord Esher, M.R., and Lopes, L. J., Rigby, 
 L.J., dissenting, that the cubicle was not part of 
 a house separately occupied as a dwelling within 
 the meaning of sect. 5 of the Parliamentary and 
 Municipal Registration Act, 1878. 
 
 In M'Quade v. Charlton(t\ the claimant was, 
 with other men, in the employment of a company 
 which carried on an extensive drapery business 
 in Belfast. Under his contract he was to be paid 
 a yearly salary, to be boarded by the company, 
 and to have a bedroom so long as he remained in 
 their service, the service being determinable by 
 
 () (1896) 1 Q. B. 395. 
 
 (*) (1904) 2 I. K. 383. It is thought unnecessary to discuss the 
 decision in Stribling v. I false (1885), 16 Q. B. 1). 246, which is now 
 generally recognised as being erroneous. In Barnett v. Hickmott 
 and Clutterbtick v. Taylor, supra, the Court refused to extend the 
 principle of that decision ; and in M'Quade v. Charlton, supra, the 
 Irish Court of Appeal, consisting of the Chief Justice and three 
 Lords Justices, declined to follow it. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, s. notice. There was a bolt inside the bedroom to 
 fasten the door, but the claimant had not the key. 
 The manager could change an employee from one 
 bedroom to another, if necessary. There were 
 rules, understood in the house, regulating the 
 occupation of bedrooms, which were as follows : 
 (1) the claimant could not leave his business in the 
 shop to go to his bedroom without permission ; 
 on Saturday the bedrooms were closed up to 
 2 p.m. for cleaning. It was also understood that 
 an employee must not be in his bedroom between 
 1 1 a.m. and 1 p.m. on Sunday. It was held that 
 the claimant was not entitled to the franchise. 
 
 On the other hand, in Adams v. Ford(r\ it was 
 held that the appellant, who was in the employ- 
 ment of poor law guardians, and as part of his 
 salary was allowed to have the exclusive occupation 
 of a sitting-room and bedroom in the main building 
 of the workhouse, occupied a " dwelling-house " 
 within the meaning of sect. 3 of the Representa- 
 tion of the People Act, 1884. Further, it is clear 
 from the case of Kent v. Fittall (s) (decided under 
 sect. 3 (2) of the Act of 1867) that it is possible 
 for one room to be a " dwelling-house " within 
 sect. 5 (*) of the Act of 1878. 
 
 (2) In order to come within this proviso it 
 must be shown that the person in question is 
 a man who himself inhabits . , , by virtue of 
 any office service or employment. 
 
 (/) (1885), 16 Q. B. I). 239. 
 () (1906) 1 K. B. 60 (C. A.}. 
 () Set out at p. 50, aupra. 
 
FRANCHISE OF SERVANT. > 
 
 in Dover v. Prosser (11), Alverstone, C.J., in Sect - 3 * 
 dealing with the meaning of similar words in 
 sect. 3 of the Representation of the People Act, 
 1884, said : " The governing test in cases of this 
 sort is whether or not the occupier of the pre- 
 mises in respect of which the claim is made is 
 required to occupy them either by the express 
 terms of his employment or by the nature of his 
 duties. If he is merely permitted but not obliged 
 to occupy the premises so long as he performs 
 certain duties that is not an occupation by virtue 
 of any office service or employment." 
 
 (3) It is a condition required by proviso (i) that 
 the dwelling-house is not inhabited by the person 
 in whose service he is in such office service or 
 employment. 
 
 The words of proviso (i), although similar to, 
 are not identical with, the words of sect. 3 of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1884. The 
 corresponding words in sect. 3 of the latter Act 
 are "the dwelling-house is not inhabited by any 
 person under whom such man serves in such office 
 service or employment." The words used in 
 proviso (i) set out above remove the difficulties 
 which arose under sect. 3 of the Act of 1884 in 
 determining in certain cases whether a dwelling- 
 house was inhabited by any person " under 
 whom " the person claiming to be registered 
 served. The words " a person in whose service 
 
 (a) (1904) 1 K. B. at p. 85 ; see also the cases referred to in this 
 case, also Aitchi*on v. Lothian (1890), 18 Ct. of Sess. Gas. (4th 
 Series) 337. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. s. ne is " used in proviso (i) can refer only to the 
 immediate employer of the person claiming to be 
 registered. 
 
 It should be noticed that absence on military 
 service would debar a man from obtaining the 
 local government franchise under sect. 3, pro- 
 viso (i) of the present Act, notwithstanding that 
 his family resided in the dwelling-house during 
 his absence. 
 
 Thus, in the case of Spittall v. Brook (v), 
 decided under the Representation of the People 
 Act, 1884, s. 3 (the language of which, as pointed 
 out above, was similar to that of proviso (i) now 
 under discussion), it was held that a non-commis- 
 sioned officer, who resided with his family in bar- 
 racks, but during twenty-seven days of the quali- 
 fying year was compulsorily absent from the 
 constituency, was not entitled to be registered 
 as a parliamentary elector, notwithstanding that 
 his rooms were occupied during his absence by 
 his furniture and his family. 
 
 Sect. 7 (1) of the present Act provides that: 
 " Where land or premises are in the joint occu-* 
 pation of two or more persons, each of the joint 
 occupiers shall, for the purposes of this Part (x) 
 of this Act, be treated as occupying the premises, 
 subject as follows: . . . (c) Not more than two 
 joint occupiers shall be entitled to be registered 
 
 (v} (1886), 18 Q. B. D. 426. See also Ford v. Barnes (1885), 
 16 Q. B. D. 254; Donoghue v. Brook (1887), 57 L. J. Q. B. 122; 
 Duffy v. Chambers, Ferguson v. Black (1889), 26 L. R. Ir. 100. 
 
 (aj) I.e., Parti., sects. 110. 
 
LODGERS. -57 
 
 in respect of the same land or premises, unless sect. 8. 
 they are bona fide engaged as partners carrying 
 on their profession, trade or business on the land 
 or premises." 
 
 The meaning of the words " joint occupation " 
 in sect. 7(1) presents no difficulties, but it must be 
 remembered that each of the joint owners or 
 tenants in order to be entitled to be registered 
 must fulfil the conditions of " occupation," which 
 are dealt with on pp. 43 45 and 25 27, supra, 
 and further, not more than two persons can be 
 registered as joint occupiers unless they fulfil the 
 condition mentioned in sect. 7 (1) set out above. 
 As, however, there may be constructive occu- 
 pation (y\ the occupation of one of several joint 
 owners or tenants on his own behalf and on 
 behalf of the other joint owners or tenants would 
 entitle all of them to be placed upon the re- 
 gister^). This, however, is not so if the occu- 
 pation of the joint occupier or occupiers on behalf 
 of the others is based on an illegal contract, 
 as. for instance, a partnership of more than 20 
 persons (a). 
 
 As to the second meaning (b) given by sect. 3 
 to the word u tenant," i.e., the meaning given by 
 proviso (ii) in that section, such proviso states 
 that the word tenant (in sect. 3) shall include 
 a person who occupies a room or rooms as a 
 
 {#) See pp. 44, 45, and p. 26, 
 
 (z) Jones v. Pritchard (1891), 1 Pox & Smith, 259. 
 
 (a) Harris v. Amery (1865), 35 L. J. C. P. 89. 
 
 (?>) As to the first meaning, SPG pp. 43, 44, and 25 27, 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 lodger only where such room or rooms are let 
 td him in an unfurnished state. Accord- 
 ingly, a lodger who occupies a room or room& 
 in the local government electoral area let to him 
 in an unfurnished state is to be deemed a tenant 
 and is entitled to be registered as a local govern- 
 ment elector for such area. 
 
 The chief difference between a tenant and a 
 lodger is that the latter is entitled to live in his 
 lodgings by reason of a purely personal contract 
 between himself and his landlord, and has no 
 estate, legal or equitable, in the -premises in which 
 he lodges (c). If the landlord retains a general 
 control and dominion over the premises, including 
 the part inhabited by the person in question, that 
 person is a lodger (d). On the other hand, a 
 tenant has some estate or interest carved out of 
 the estate or interest of his landlord (e). He 
 has exclusive possession (in the legal sense) of the 
 premises (/), and, if wrongfully dispossessed, can 
 recover possession by law, whereas if the personal 
 contract between a lodger and his landlord is 
 broken, and the lodger turned out, his only 
 remedy at law is in damages (g). The occupier 
 does not necessarily cease to be a tenant merely 
 
 (c) See AucketiU v. Jlaylis (1882), 10 Q. B. D. at p. 587. 
 
 (d) Watkins v. Milton, &c. Overseers (1868), L. E. 3 Q. B. at 
 pp. 356, 357 ; Allan v. Liverpool, Intnan v. KirlcdaU (1874), L. E. 
 9 Q. B. at pp. 191, 192; Cory v. Dristow (1877), 2 App. Gas. at 
 p. 276; Kent v. Fittall, (1906) 1 K. B. 60 (C. A.). 
 
 (e) Keith v. Twentieth Century Club (1904), 90 L. T. 775. 
 (/) Taylor v. Caldwell (1863), 3 B. & S. 826, 832. 
 
 (.'/) Wright v. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 721. 
 
" OCCUPATION " BY LODGER. 59 
 
 because the landlord resides on the premises and Sect - 8 
 retains control of the passages and staircases and 
 other parts used in common (h). 
 
 It should be noticed that the meaning of the 
 word " occupy ing" when used of a lodger must 
 of necessity bear a different meaning from that 
 which it bears in sect. 1 of the Act(/) and in 
 sect. 3 when used of an owner or tenant (/). A 
 lodger does not (since his occupation depends, as 
 pointed out above, merely on a personal contract 
 with his landlord) fulfil the conditions of occupa- 
 tion in the strict sense of the word, i.e. " the actual 
 exercise of the rights of the owner in posses- 
 sion " (&) ; e.g. a lodger has no legal remedy against 
 a person who merely enters his lodging and dis- 
 turbs his privacy (/), nor can a lodger eject a 
 trespasser with impunity (m). Moreover, the land- 
 lord maintains under the contract between him 
 and his lodger a general right of control over 
 the lodging. In what sense, then, is the word 
 " occupying " used in connection with a lodger? 
 In this connection the word bears its untech- 
 nical meaning and denotes the exercise by the 
 lodger of his rights under his contract with his 
 landlord. Its meaning resembles that of " re- 
 sidence " (n), the residence, of course, being in 
 
 (A) Kent v. Fittall, supra; but see Douglaa v. Smith, (1907) 
 1 K. B. 126 ; (1907) 2 K. B. 568 (C. A.). 
 (*') See pp. 2527, supra. 
 (/) See pp. 4345, supra, 
 
 (k) Cook v. Number (1862), 31 L. J. C. P. at p. 75. 
 (/) Wright T. Stavert (1859), 2 E. & E. 721. 
 (i) Monk$ v. Dyke* (1839), 4 M. & W. 567. 
 (n) See pp. 11 15, mpr<t. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 8. the lodgings. As " occupation" in this connection 
 approximates closely to " residence," it follows 
 that the physical presence of the lodger in his 
 lodgings is not always necessary, as there may 
 be a constructive occupation (o) of the lodgings, 
 provided, of course, that the contract between the 
 lodger and the landlord continues. 
 
 Sect. 7 (1) applies equally to occupation by 
 lodgers, which may therefore be joint, as in the 
 case of occupation by an owner or tenant (p). 
 Although no doubt the case will seldom arise of 
 joint lodgers " carrying on their profession trade 
 or business " in the room or rooms let to them 
 unfurnished, if such a case should arise the pro- 
 visions of sect. 7 (1) (c) will apply (q). 
 
 It should be noted that sect. 7 (2) (r) has no 
 application to a person occupying as a lodger. 
 
 Any land or premises in the local government 
 electoral area. 
 
 The words " any land or premises " are very 
 wide, and will include any piece of land or any 
 kind of structure or building of whatsoever kind, 
 or any part thereof, provided it is capable of 
 being " occupied " (s) within the meaning of 
 sect. 3. 
 
 It may be pointed out that where the require- 
 ment for occupation for thirty consecutive days, 
 including the last day of the qualifying period, is 
 
 (o) See pp. 13 15, supra. 
 
 (p) See pp. 56, 57, tupra. 
 
 (q) Ibid. 
 
 (r] See pp. 45, 46. 
 
 ($) See pp. 25-27, 4345, inprv. 
 
SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION. HI 
 
 applicable (i), there is nothing to prevent the con- Sect. 3. 
 ditions laid down in sect. 3 (a) from being fulfilled 
 by occupation during such thirty consecutive 
 days (t) partly as owner and partly as tenant, 
 though this would, of course, be a very rare case. 
 
 (4. ) He must during the whole of the qualifying 
 period have occupied as owner or tenant any land 
 or premises in the local government electoral area, or 
 if that area is not an administrative county or 
 a county borough, in any administrative county 
 or county borough in which the area is wholly 
 or partly situate. 
 
 He must during the whole of the qualifying 
 period. The qualifying period (u) is a period of 
 six months ending either on January 15th or July 
 15th, including in each case the fifteenth day, 
 and corresponds to the two registers of electors, 
 the Spring and Autumn Registers (x). 
 
 As to the qualifying period in the case of a 
 " naval or military voter," see pp. 96, 97, infra. 
 
 Have occupied as oiuner or tenant. See pp. 43 
 60, supra. 
 
 Land or premises in the local government electoral 
 area. As to the meaning of " land or premises," 
 see p. 60, supra. The land or premises occupied as 
 owner or tenant, or the room or rooms occupied 
 as a lodger, need not be the same throughout the 
 qualifying period, although they must be within 
 the limits mentioned in (4) above (y). Thus, a 
 
 (t) See p. 43, supra. 
 
 (w) See sect. 6, p. 94, infra. 
 
 (x} See pp. 95, 96, infra. 
 
 (y} See p. 41, footnote (/<), 8>'}>m. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 3. man who moves from premises outside a municipal 
 borough to premises within the borough will not 
 lose his local government vote provided that both 
 sets of premises are ^within one administrative 
 county. If, however, the subject-matter of the 
 occupation changes during the qualifying period, 
 no interval of time must elapse between the 
 cessation of occupation in one place and the 
 beginning of occupation in another, as the occu- 
 pation must be " during the whole of the quali- 
 fying period. " On the other hand it should be 
 remembered that the physical presence of the 
 occupier is not necessary (#), so that, taking the 
 case of a tenant as an illustration, the lease of 
 the tenant of a flat might end during the course 
 of the qualifying period, and the tenant might, 
 just before the expiration of the lease, become 
 tenant of a flat in the local government electoral 
 area, but before beginning to live in the other flat 
 he might go away for a month's holiday. In such 
 a case the " occupation " would be unbroken. 
 
 'There is nothing in sect. 3 to prevent the 
 registration as a local government elector of a 
 man, part of whose qualification during a single 
 qualifying period was obtained by virtue of his 
 occupation as a lodger in rooms let to him un- 
 furnished, and part by virtue of his occupation as 
 owner or tenant (properly so called) of land or 
 premises. 
 
 If that area is not an administrative county 
 or a county borough, in any administrative 
 
 (2) See pp. 44, 45, supra. 
 
WOMEN'S FRANCHISES. 
 
 Bounty or county borough in which the area Sect, a 
 is wholly or partly situate. See observations 
 under preceding heading, Land or premises in 
 
 the local government electoral area. 
 
 In England " an administrative county" means 
 the area for which a county council is elected in 
 pursuance of the Local Government Act, 1888, 
 but does not include a county borough (a), and 
 the only county boroughs are thdse mentioned in 
 the 3rd schedule to the same Act(#). 
 
 In Ireland the expression " administrative 
 county " has a meaning similar to that which 
 it has in England (<?). 
 
 Sect. 3 of the present Act, set out on pp. 40, 
 41, above, has no application to Scotland, but by 
 sect. 43 (3) (d\ the provisions contained in that 
 sub-section apply to Scotland in lieu of the provi- 
 sions of sect. 3. 
 
 4. (1) A woman shall be entitled to be F 
 
 ( women) 
 
 registered as a parliamentary elector for a 
 constituency (other than a university con- 
 stituency) 1 if she 
 
 (a) has attained the age of thirty years 2 ; 
 
 and 
 
 (b) is not subject to any legal incapacity 3 ; 
 
 and 
 
 1 See p. 31, footnote (), u//m. 2 See p. 67, infra. 
 
 '' See pp. 67, 68, infra. 
 
 (a) Local Government Act. 1888, s. 100. 
 
 (b) Ibid. s. 31. 
 
 (c) Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, s. 1. 
 ((?) Set out at pp. 310313, infra. 
 
t>4 KEPKE8ENTAT10N OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 4. (c) is entitled to be registered us a local 
 government elector in respect of 
 the occupation in that constitu- 
 ency of land or premises (not being 
 a dwelling-house) of a yearly value 
 of not less than five pounds or of 
 a dwelling-house, or is the wife 
 of a husband entitled to be so 
 registered. 4 
 
 (2) A woman shall be entitled to be regis- 
 tered as a parliamentary elector for a uni- 
 versity constituency 5 if she has attained the 
 age of thirty years 6 and either would be 
 entitled to be so registered if she were a 
 man, or has been admitted to and passed the 
 final examination, and kept under the con- 
 ditions required of women by the university 
 the period of residence, necessary for a man 
 to obtain a degree at any university forming, 
 or forming part of, a university constituency 
 which did not at the time the examination 
 was passed admit women to degrees. 7 
 
 (3) A woman shall be entitled to be regis- 
 tered as a local government elector for any 
 local government electoral area s 
 
 (a) where she would be entitled to be so 
 registered if she were a man 9 ; and 
 
 4 See pp. 68 72, infra. 8 See p. 41, footnotes (m) and 
 
 3 See p. 38, supra. (w). supra. 
 
 6 See pp. 67 and 75, infra. See pp. 73, 74, infr.a. 
 
 '' See p. 73, i-nfw. 
 
WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. 65 
 
 (b) where she is the wife of a man who is sect. 4. 
 entitled to be so registered in re- 
 spect of premises in which they 
 both reside, and she has attained 
 the age of thirty years and is not 
 subject to any legal incapacity. 10 
 
 For the purpose of this provision, 
 a naval or military voter who is 
 registered in respect of a residence 
 qualification which he would have 
 had but for his service, shall be 
 deemed to be resident in accor- 
 dance with the qualification. 11 
 
 NOTE. Sect. 4 lays down the conditions which 
 must be fulfilled in order to entitle a woman to 
 be registered as a parliamentary elector and as a 
 local government elector. These conditions as 
 regards the right to registration as a parlia- 
 mentary elector are : 
 
 I. In the case of a constituency other than a Pariiamen- 
 
 ., ... , x tary franchise 
 
 university constituency (e) (women) in 
 
 (I) She must have attained the age of thirty years, other than 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity, 
 
 (3) She must (a) be entitled to be registered as a eucies ' 
 local government elector in respect of the occupation in 
 that constituency (i) of land or premises (not being a 
 
 10 See up. 75, 76, infra. u See p. 76, infra. 
 
 (e) As to meaning of "constituency other than a university 
 constituency," see footnote (a) on p. 3, supra. 
 
 F. 5 
 
tib 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Parliamen- 
 tary franchise 
 (women) in 
 university 
 constitu- 
 
 Sect. 4. dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not less than five 
 pounds or (ii) of a dwelling -house, or (b) be the wife 
 of a husband entitled to be so registered. 
 
 II. In the case of a university constituency (/) 
 
 (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. 
 
 (2) She must (a) fulfil the conditions which if she 
 were a man would entitle her to be registered as a 
 parliamentary elector for a university constituency or 
 (b) have been admitted to and passed the final exami- 
 nation, and kept under the conditions required of 
 women by the university the period of residence, neces- 
 sary for a man to obtain a degree at any university 
 forming, or forming part of, a university constituency 
 which did not at the time the examination was passed 
 admit women to degrees. 
 
 There are two alternative sets of conditions 
 one or other of which must be fulfilled in order 
 to entitle a woman to be registered as a local 
 government elector for a local government elec- 
 toral area. These sets of conditions are : 
 
 A. 
 
 (1) She must be of full age (twenty -one years). 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity. 
 
 (3) She must on the last day of the qualifying period 
 be occupying as owner or tenant -any land or premises 
 in the local government electoral area. 
 
 (4) She must during the whole of the qualifying 
 period have occupied as owner or tenant any land or 
 premises in the local government electoral area, or if 
 that area is not an administrative county or a county 
 borough, in any administrative county or county borough 
 in which the area is wholly or partly situate. 
 
 (/) As to "university constituency," see p. 38, 
 
 Local 
 
 government 
 
 franchise 
 
 (women). 
 
LEGAL INCAPACITIES (WOMEN). 67 
 
 Or B. Sect. 4. 
 
 (1) She must have attained the age of thirty years. 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal incapacity. 
 
 (3) She must be the wife of a man who is entitled 
 to be registered as a local government elector in respect 
 of premises in which they both reside. 
 
 I. In the case of a constituency other than a Parliamen- 
 
 tary franchise 
 university constituency (women) in 
 
 constituencies 
 
 (1) She must have attained the age of thirty ot 
 
 * university 
 
 years. See p. 4, supra. The remarks there 
 made apply equally here, with the exception that 
 the age of thirty years must be substituted for 
 that of twenty one years or " full age." 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal in- 
 capacity. See pp. 4 8, supra. With the excep- 
 tions mentioned below, the incapacities attaching 
 to men would no doubt apply equally to women, 
 but it must be remembered that certain offices 
 which deprive a man of the status of a parlia- 
 mentary elector have not as yet been open to or 
 held by women. 
 
 Dealing with the list of persons who are legally 
 incapacitated, which is set out on pp. 5 7, supra, 
 as to the first head, sect. 9 (5) of the present Act 
 expressly declares that a peeress in her own right 
 is not under any legal incapacity which prevents 
 her from being registered or voting, and although 
 there is no express provision to that effect, it is 
 clear that a peeress by marriage would not be 
 subject to any incapacity, as the constitutional 
 reasons for which peers are excluded from the 
 
 5(2) 
 
68 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sbot. 4. parliamentary franchise have no application to 
 women (y). 
 
 As to the second head (h) in such list, viz., 
 " a person holding any one of certain offices," 
 women are not eligible for these offices, so that 
 this incapacity does not apply to them. 
 
 As to head (3), viz., " an infant," it is clear that 
 a woman under the age of thirty is legally inca- 
 pacitated with respect to the parliamentary fran- 
 chise as though she were an infant of the other sex. 
 
 As to the persons included under heads (4) to 
 (8)(/), (viz., an alien, an idiot, a lunatic who is 
 not at the time of voting in a lucid interval, an 
 imbecile who is not at the time of voting eompos 
 mentis, a person convicted of treason or felony 
 and sentenced, unless he has suffered his punish- 
 ment T received a free pardon), the incapacities 
 referre to would apply equally to women as to 
 men. The same is true of all the remaining 
 classes of persons mentioned under heads (9) to 
 (16) on pp. 6, 7, supra. 
 
 As to head (IT), conscientious objectors, who 
 come within the provisions of sect. 9 (2) of the 
 present Act, this class of persons can never include 
 a woman, and it is expressly provided by sect. 9 (2) 
 that any incapacity attaching to such conscientious 
 objector shall not affect the rights of his wife. 
 
 (3) She must (a) be entitled to be registered as a 
 local government elector in respect of the occu- 
 pation in that constituency (i) of land or pre- 
 
 (g) See Chorlton v. Linys (1868), L. R. 6 C. P. 374 ; Btanchmnp 
 (Earl] v. Madresfield (1872), L. R. 8 C. P. 24d. 
 (h] See p. 5, supra. 
 (t) See pp. 5, 6, 8iq.>ra. 
 
WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. 
 
 mises (not being a dwelling-house) of a yearly Sect. 4. 
 value of not less than five pounds, or (ii) of a 
 dwelling-house, or (b) be the wife of a husband 
 who is entitled to be so registered. 
 
 It will be noticed that there is a material 
 difference, besides that of age, between the quali- 
 fications which confer the parliamentary franchise 
 (in constituencies other than university constitu- 
 encies) on a woman and those which confer it on 
 a man. Those qualifications in the case of a 
 man depend on residence or on the occupation 
 of business premises (A), and are distinct from 
 the local government franchise (I). In order to 
 entitle a woman to the parliamentary franchise, 
 she must be (1) qualified as a local government 
 elector in respect of the occupation of a particular 
 kind of premises, or (2) the wife of a man so 
 qualified. 
 
 The occupation here required is the same as 
 that required in the case of a man by sect. 3, i.e. it 
 must be occupation as owner or tenant or by virtue 
 of an office service or employment or as a lodger 
 in a room or rooms let unfurnished. As to what 
 constitutes such occupation, see pp. 43 60, supra. 
 
 In applying what is said on pp. 56, 57, 59, supra, 
 with regard to joint occupation to the women's 
 franchise now under consideration, it is important 
 to notice the provisions of sect. 7 (1) (b), which are 
 as follows: "In the case of the occupation of 
 land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) the 
 aggregate yearly value thereof must for the pur- 
 
 (A-) See sect. 1, pp. 1 3, supra. 
 (1} See sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, supra. 
 
70 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 4. pose of the parliamentary franchise of women be 
 not less than the amount produced by multiplying* 
 five pounds by the number of joint occupiers." 
 
 Further, the provisions of sect. 7(1) (c), dealt 
 with on pp. 56, 57, 59, supra, are of course equally 
 applicable here. 
 
 The particular kind of premises must be either 
 (1) land or premises which are not a dwelling- 
 house (such land or premises being of a yearly 
 value of not less than 5/.), or (2) a dwelling- 
 house such particular kind of premises being in 
 the constituency for which the woman is to be 
 registered. The premises other than land just 
 referred to under (1) can be any building or 
 structure of whatsoever kind, or any part thereof, 
 so long as it is capable of being occupied and is 
 of the yearly value of 5/. As to the meaning of 
 ''dwelling-house," see pp. 49 54, supra. 
 
 It is submitted, although it is a difficult point, that 
 the expression " dwelling-house " in sect. 4 (1) (c) 
 does not include lodgings. As was pointed out 
 on p. 49, supra, by sect. 41 (8) " the expression 
 1 dwelling-house ' includes any part of a house 
 where that part is occupied separately as a dwell- 
 ing-house," but a lodger does not, in the legal 
 sense, occupy his lodgings (m). It would therefore 
 appear, however unsatisfactory such a conclusion 
 may be to many persons, that in order to qualify 
 under sect. 4 ( 1 ) (c), a woman who is a lodger must 
 have lodgings of the yearly value of not less than 5/. 
 
 (m) See Kettt v. Fittall, (1906) 1 K. B. 60 (C. A.), and pp. 25, 26, 
 57 59, supra. 
 
WOMEN'S PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE. 71 
 
 AH to the 'meaning of "yearly value," see Sect. 4. 
 pp. 28 33, supra. 
 
 As to the alternative qualification mentioned 
 under 3 (b) on pp. 68, 69, in order to obtain this 
 qualification, the husband of the woman to be 
 registered must be qualified in the same way as a 
 woman must be under 3 (a) on p, 68, i.e.. as a local 
 government elector in respect of the occupation 
 in the constituency of land or premises (not being 
 a dwelling-house) of a yearly value of not less 
 than five pounds or of a dwelling-house. 
 
 As to the qualifying period applicable to the 
 husband where he is a "naval or military voter," 
 see pp. 96, 97, infra. 
 
 It may be pointed out that it will not in every 
 case be necessary for the husband himself to be 
 in actual occupation of the premises in order that 
 his wife should obtain the local government fran- 
 chise, provided that he fulfils the conditions of 
 constructive occupation (). 
 
 It is also clear, from the express words of the 
 section, that for the wife to be qualified, it is not 
 necessary for the husband to be in fact registered, 
 it is sufficient if he is entitled to be registered. 
 
 The meaning of the words in that constituency 
 in sect. 4 (1) (c) raises a question of some difficulty. 
 One of the requirements of the parliamentary 
 franchise for women under sect. 4 (1) is that she 
 must be " entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector in respect of the occupation 
 in that constituency of land or premises . . . ." 
 By sect. 4 (3), she "shall be entitled to be regis- 
 
 (//) See pp. 44, 45, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 4. tered as a local government elector for any local 
 government electoral area 
 
 (a) where she would be entitled to be so regis- 
 
 tered if she were a man ; . . . ." 
 By sect. 3 " a man shall be entitled to be 
 registered as a local government elector for a 
 local government electoral area if he . . . . 
 
 (b) has, during the whole of the qualifying 
 
 period, so occupied (i.e., as owner or 
 tenant) any land or premises in that 
 area, or if that area is not an adminis- 
 trative county or a county borough in 
 any administrative county or county 
 borough in which the area is wholly or 
 partly situate : . . ." 
 
 The question therefore arises whether the words 
 u in that constituency " in sect. 4 (1) (c) limit the 
 area within which the land or premises which 
 qualify a woman for the parliamentary franchise 
 must be, to the constituency for which she is to 
 be registered, or whether the wider area described 
 in the words quoted above from sect. 3 is to be 
 taken as being referred to by implication in 
 sect. 4 (1) (c) as the area within which the quali- 
 fying land or premises may be. 
 
 Although it would seem probable that the Legis- 
 lature intended that the first of these interpreta- 
 tions should be given to the sections in question, 
 it is submitted that sect. 4(1) (c) should be con- 
 strued according to the plain meaning of its express 
 words, and that therefore the qualifying land or 
 premises must be situated in the constituency for 
 which the woman is seeking to be registered. 
 
WOMEN'S LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. 
 As to the manner in which a woman who is a Sect. 4. 
 
 "naval or military voter" can obtain the parlia- 
 mentary franchise, see pp. 93, 94, infra. 
 
 II. In the case of a university constituency 
 
 (1) She must have attained the age of thirty 
 years. See p. 67, supra. The remarks there 
 made apply equally here, except that the age of 
 thirty years must be substituted for that of 
 twenty-one years or " f ull age." 
 
 (2) She must (a) fulfil the conditions which if she 
 were a man would entitle her to be registered as 
 a parliamentary elector for a university con- 
 stituency or (b) have been admitted to and 
 passed the final examination, and kept under the 
 conditions required of women by the university 
 the period of residence, necessary for a man to 
 obtain a degree at any university forming, or 
 forming part of, a university constituency which 
 did not at the time the examination was passed 
 admit women to degrees. 
 
 As to (a) above, see s. 2 and pp. 38, 39, supra. 
 As to (b) above, the only universities where women 
 are not admitted to degrees are Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 As was pointed out on p. 66, supra, there Local 
 
 r . . government 
 
 are two alternative sets of conditions there re- franchise 
 ferred to under the headings A and B, one or 
 other of which sets of conditions must be fulfilled 
 in order to entitle a woman to be registered as a 
 local government elector for a local government 
 electoral area. 
 
 (1) She must be of full age. See p. 4, supra. 
 *rhe local government franchise is given to women 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 4. at the same age as to men, viz. at twenty-one 
 years, and not at thirty, as in the case of the 
 parliamentary franchise for women. 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal inca- 
 pacity. See pp. 67, 68, supra. 
 
 The nature of the incapacity is the same here 
 as in the case of a parliamentary elector (p). and 
 what is said on pp. 67, 68, supra, as to the legal in- 
 capacities of female parliamentary electors applies 
 equally here, except that no question arises in 
 regard to the position of peeresses, as peers are 
 tinder no incapacity in respect of the local govern- 
 ment franchise (q). 
 
 (3) She must on the last day of the qualify ing 
 period be occupying as owner or tenant any land or 
 premises in the local government electoral area. See 
 pp. 42 61, supra, where everything that is said 
 with regard to the local government franchise for 
 men applies to women. 
 
 (4) She must during the ivhole of the qualifying 
 
 period have occupied as owner or tenant any land or 
 
 premises in the local government electoral area, or if 
 
 that area is not an administrative county or a county 
 
 borough, in any administrative county or county borough 
 
 in whicJi the area is wholly or partly situate. See 
 
 pp. 61 63, supra. Everything there said applies 
 
 here. It must be remembered that as in the case 
 
 of a man, so in the case of a woman who is a 
 
 (l>) See pp. 45, 7 8, supra, 
 (q) See p. 42, footnote (o), sxj.ru. 
 
WOMEN^S LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. 75 
 
 " naval or military voter," the qualifying period Sect. 4. 
 is one month instead of six months (r). 
 
 The set of conditions under A above give the 
 effect of sect. 4 (3) (a). 
 
 B.- 
 
 (1) She must have attained the age of thirty 
 years. As to this, see p. 67, supra. 
 
 It should be noticed that the necessary age 
 here is thirty years, as in the case of the parlia- 
 mentary franchise for women, in contradistinc- 
 tion to the alternative local government franchise 
 under heading A above, in which case the neces- 
 sary age is twenty-one years. 
 
 (2) She must not be subject to any legal inca- 
 pacity. See p. 74, supra. 
 
 (3) She must be the wife of a man who is 
 entitled to be registered as a local government 
 elector in respect of premises in which they 
 both reside. This qualification enfranchises for 
 local government purposes all married women 
 who live with their husbands in premises in re- 
 spect of which the husband is entitled to be 
 registered as a local government elector. 
 
 As to the conditions which must be fulfilled in 
 order to entitle a man to be so registered, see 
 pp. 41, 42 et seq., supra. 
 
 The words " premises in which they both re- 
 side " do not necessitate a " joint occupation " 
 within the meaning of sect. 3 on the part of 
 the husband and wife. All that is required is 
 that the}^ should both " reside" in the premises. 
 
 (r) See sect. 6, p. 94, and pp. 96, 97, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 4. As to the meaning of the word "reside," see 
 pp. 11 16, supra. 
 
 The following words at the end of sect. 4 
 should be noticed : 
 
 For the purpose of this provision, a naval or 
 military voter who is registered in respect of a 
 residence qualification which he would have 
 had but for his service, shall be deemed to be 
 resident in accordance with the qualification. 
 
 Thus, a man serving in India in connection 
 with the War who but for such service would be 
 residing with his wife will for the purpose of her 
 enfranchisement be deemed to be residing in the 
 premises where his wife is residing. 
 
 As to the meaning of the words "a naval or 
 military voter," see pp. 79 85, infra. As to the 
 qualification referred to, see pp. 86 88, infra. 
 
 5. (1) A person to whom this section 
 applies (in this Act referred to as " a naval 
 or military voter ") l shall be entitled to be 
 registered as a parliamentary elector for any 
 constituency for which he would have had 
 the necessary qualification but for the service 
 which brings him within the provisions of 
 this section. 2 
 
 The right to be registered in pursuance of 
 the foregoing provision shall be in addition 
 to any other right to be registered, 3 but a 
 
 1 See pp. 7985, infra. * See pp. 8295, infra. 
 3 See pp. 90, 91, 94, infra 
 
NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTEUs. 
 
 naval or military voter shall not be entitled sect. 5. 
 to be registered for a constituency in respect 
 of an actual residence qualification in the 
 constituency except on making a claim for 
 the purpose accompanied by a declaration in 
 the prescribed form that he has taken rea- 
 sonable steps to prevent his being registered 
 under the foregoing provision for any other 
 constituency. 4 
 
 (2) The statement of any person, made in 
 the prescribed form and verified in the pre- 
 scribed manner, that he would have had the 
 necessary qualification in any constituency 
 but for the service which brings him within 
 the provisions of this section, shall for all 
 purposes of this section be sufficient if there 
 is no evidence to the contrary. 
 
 (3) This section applies to any person who 
 is of the age required under this Act in the 
 case of that person 6 and is not subject to any 
 legal incapacity, 7 and who 
 
 (i) is serving on full pay as a member of 
 
 any of the naval, military or air 
 
 forces of the Crown 8 ; or 
 (ii) is abroad or afloat in connection with 
 
 any war in which His Majesty is 
 
 engaged, 9 and is 
 
 4 See pp. 9193, infra. 1 See p. 82, infra. 
 
 8 See pp. 82, 83, infra. 
 r ' See pp. 8082, infra. 9 See pp. S3, 84, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THK PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. s. (a) in service of a naval or mili- 
 
 tary character for which payment 
 is made out of moneys provided 
 by Parliament, or (where the person 
 serving was at the commencement 
 of his service resident in the United 
 Kingdom) out of the public funds 
 of any part of His Majesty's Do- 
 minions, or in service as a merchant 
 seaman, pilot, or fisherman, includ- 
 ing the master of a merchant ship 
 or fishing boat and an apprentice 
 on such ship or boat 10 ; or 
 
 (b) serving in any work of the 
 British Red Cross Society, or the 
 Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 
 England, or any other body with a 
 similar object ; or 
 
 (c) serving in any other work 
 recognised by the Admiralty, Army 
 Council, or Air Council, as work of 
 national importance in connection 
 with the war. 11 
 
 (4) A male naval or military voter who 
 has served or hereafter serves in or in con- 
 nection with the present war shall, notwith- 
 standing anything in this or any other Act, 
 
 10 See pp. 83, 84, Infra. n See pp. 84, 85, infra. 
 
NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 be entitled to be registered as a parliamen- __sect. s. 
 tary elector if that voter at the commence- 
 ment of service had attained, or during 
 service attains, the age of nineteen years, 
 and is otherwise qualified. 12 
 
 NOTE. This section relates only to the parlia- 
 mentary franchise, and applies only to a person 
 who comes within the provisions of sub-sect. (3) 
 above. Such person is referred to in this Act as 
 a naval or military voter. In order that a per- 
 son should come within this description, the fol- 
 lowing conditions must be fulfilled : 
 
 (1) If such person is a man, he must be of full 
 age, or, subject to certain requirements ( t\ younger ; 
 if such person is a woman (&), she must have attained 
 the age of thirty years. 
 
 (2) Such person must not be subject to any 
 legal incapacity. 
 
 (3) Suck person must be (i) serving on full pay as 
 a member of any of the naval, military or air forces 
 of the Crown ; or (ii) abroad or afloat in connection 
 with any war in which His Majesty is engaged, and 
 
 12 See pp. 8082, infra. 
 
 {i} See pp. 80 82, infra. 
 
 (u] It would appear that sect. 5 is not confined to men in its 
 application. The word "person" includes both men and women, 
 an* the use of the word "male" in sub-section (4) indicates that 
 the use of the expression "naval or military voter " is not confined 
 to men. Moreover, the provisions of sub-sect. (3) (ii) ( b) show beyond 
 doubt that a woman can be a naval or military voter. See also 
 Interpretation Act, 1889, s. 1 (1). 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. (a) in service of a naval or military character for 
 which payment is made out of moneys provided by 
 Parliament^ or {where the person serving tvas at the 
 commencement of his service resident in the United 
 Kingdom] out of the public funds of any part of His 
 Majesty's Dominions, or in service as a merchant 
 seam<m, pilot or fisherman, including the master of a 
 merchant ship or fishing boat, and an apprentice on 
 such ship or boat ; or (b) serving in any work of the 
 British Red Cross Society or the Order of St. Jolm 
 of Jerusalem in England, or any other body with a 
 similar object ; or (c) serving in any other work 
 recognised by the Admiralty, Army Council or Air 
 Council as work of national importance in connection 
 with the war. 
 
 ( 1) If such person is a man he must be of full age 
 or subject to certain requirements may be younger ; if 
 such person is a woman she must have attained the age of 
 thirty years. 
 
 Sect. 5 (3) states that this section (sect. 5) 
 applies to any person who is of the age re- 
 quired under this Act in the case of that person* 
 The age required under this Act is in the case of 
 a man. subject to the exception contained in sect* 
 5 (4), full age or twenty-one years, and in the 
 case of a woman as regards the parliamentary 
 franchise (to which the above section alone relates) 
 thirty years. As to the meaning of ' k full age," 
 see p. 4, supra. As to the meaning of " thirty 
 years," see p. 67, supra. 
 
 Sect. 5 (4) is as follows : A male naval or 
 military voter who has served or hereafter 
 
NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS QUALIFIED AT NINETEEN. 81 
 
 serves in or in connection with the present war sect. 6 
 shall, notwithstanding anything in this or any 
 other Act, be entitled to be registered as a par- 
 liamentary elector if that voter at the com- 
 mencement of service had attained, or during 
 service attains, the age of nineteen years, and 
 is otherwise qualified. 
 
 This sub-section applies to any male person 
 who falls within sect. 5 (3) (i) or (ii) above and 
 " has served or hereafter serves in or in connec- 
 tion with the present war." 
 
 The words, and is otherwise qualified, at the 
 end of the sub-section refer, of course, to the 
 qualifications for the franchise required by 
 sect. 5(1) (y). 
 
 As to when a man will be held to have attained 
 the age of nineteen years, see p. 4, supra. 
 
 It seems clear that, notwithstanding the lan- 
 guage used in sect. 5 (4) set out above, as in the 
 case of full age, so here the age of nineteen years 
 must be attained not later than the last day of 
 the qualifying period (2), i.e., on January 15th or 
 July loth as the case may be. 
 
 The effect of sub-sect. (4) is to enfranchise all 
 soldiers and sailors and other men who come 
 within sect. 5 (3)(i) and (ii), provided they have 
 served in connection with the war, at the age of 
 nineteen, subject, of course, to their having the 
 requisite qualifications (y). 
 
 It must further be noticed that it is only while 
 
 (y) As to these qualifications, see pp. 85, 86, 86 93. 
 (2) See p. 4, supra, 
 
 F. 6 
 
82 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. he is actually serving that a person comes within 
 the description of a naval or military voter, and 
 that therefore if a man is discharged from or 
 otherwise terminates the service which consti- 
 tutes him a naval or military voter before he has 
 attained the age of twenty-one, he is legally in- 
 capacitated (e) from being registered or voting 
 during the interval between such discharge or ter- 
 mination and the time when he attains such age. 
 
 (2) Such person must not be subject to any legal 
 incapacity. See pp. 2 8, 67, 68, supra. 
 
 (3) Such person must be (i) serving on full pay 
 as a member of any of the naval, military or air 
 forces of the Crown. Anyone coming within this 
 description need not be abroad or afloat in order 
 to qualify for the vote under this sub-section. 
 
 It is believed that women are not officially re- 
 cognised by the Admiralty, Army Council or Air 
 Council as members of the naval, military or air 
 forces of the Crown, but Forms (6) and (7) in 
 Part V. of the Schedule to the Order in Council 
 dated March 4th, 1918, set out on pp. 573, 574, 
 infra, are headed " Women serving with the Mili- 
 tary Forces" and " Women serving with the Air 
 Force" respectively. Form (8) (a), on the other 
 hand, is headed " Women serving abroad or afloat 
 in connection with the war." In view of the fact 
 that by sect. 5 (3) (i) it is only a person " serving 
 on full pay as a member of any of the naval, 
 military or air forces of the Crown " who obtains 
 the franchise as a naval or military voter without 
 
 () See pp. 4 8, supra. 
 (a) Set out on p. 574, infra. 
 
NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. 83 
 
 being abroad or afloat, it would appear probable Sect. 6. 
 that women, e.g. members of the Women's Army 
 Auxiliary Corps, or women serving with the Army 
 Service Corps or Royal Air Force would fulfil 
 the requirements of (3) (i) above. 
 
 The service required under (3) (i) above is in 
 no way dependent on the existence of the present 
 or any other war. 
 
 Or (ii) abroad or afloat in connection with 
 any war in which His Majesty is engaged and 
 is (a) in service of a naval or military character 
 for which payment is made out of moneys pro- 
 vided by Parliament or (where the person ser- 
 ving was at the commencement of his service 
 resident in the United Kingdom) out of the public 
 funds of any part of His Majesty's Dominions, 
 or in service as a merchant seaman, pilot or 
 fisherman including the master of a merchant 
 ship or fishing 1 boat and an apprentice on such 
 ship or boat or (b) serving in any work of the 
 British Red Cross Society or the Order of St. 
 John of Jerusalem in England or any other body 
 with a similar object or (c) serving in any other 
 work recognised by the Admiralty, Army Coun- 
 cil, or Air Council as work of national importance 
 in connection with the war. 
 
 Abroad. This means outside the United King- 
 dom of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 Afloat. By sect. 41 (10) (b) of the present Act 
 this word " shall be interpreted in accordance 
 
 (b) Set out at p. 308, infra. 
 
 6(2) 
 
4 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. with rules (e) made for the 'purpose by the 
 Admiralty." 
 
 In connection with any war in which His 
 Majesty is engaged. The service required by 
 sect. 5 (3) (ii) is not limited to the present war, 
 but may be in connection with any future war. 
 The word " war" here would, it is submitted, be 
 interpreted as including only a state of hostilities 
 between his Majesty 011 the one side and an inde- 
 pendent sovereign State on the other. 
 
 In service of a naval or military character for 
 which payment is made out of moneys provided 
 by Parliament, or (where the person serving was 
 at the commencement of his service resident in 
 the United Kingdom) out of the public funds of 
 any part of His Majesty's Dominions. These 
 words are wide and would apparently include 
 persons who, being paid out of public moneys, 
 are not in direct naval or military service, for 
 instance, mine-sweepers and men engaged on 
 labour or railway work connected with military 
 operations. They would also, no doubt, include 
 many women engaged in transport, clerical, and 
 other work, directly connected with hostilities, as, 
 for example, members of the Women's Army 
 Auxiliary Corps. As to the meaning of the word 
 resident, see pp. 11 16, supra. 
 
 As to head (3) (ii) (c) above, this category of 
 persons includes persons, abroad or afloat, serving 
 in any work recognised by the Admiralty, Army 
 Council, or Air Council as work of national im- 
 portance in connection with the war, and, like 
 
 (c) For these rules, see p. 628, infra. 
 
QUALIFICATIONS OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. H5 
 
 heads 3 (ii) (a) and (b), women as well as men. Sect. 5. 
 The words, work recognised by the Admiralty, 
 Army Council or Air Council, refer to the 
 work mentioned on p. 635, infra. It should 
 be noticed that the word war in the words 
 in connection with the war at the end of (c) 
 above, refers to the words in (ii), any war in 
 which His Majesty is engaged, and therefore 
 not to the present war only. 
 
 Having dealt with the question who is a naval Qualifications 
 
 . . 11*1 of naval and 
 
 or military voter, it is now necessary to deal with military 
 the qualifications which entitle a naval or military v 
 voter (i.e., a person to whom sect. 5 applies) to be 
 registered. 
 
 These qualifications are as follows : 
 
 A. A male naval or military voter shall be entitled 
 to be registered as a parliamentary elector for any 
 constituency 
 
 (1) If he would) but for the service which brings 
 him within the provisions of sect. 5, have had (a) the 
 requisite residence qualification in the constituency : 
 or (b) the requisite business premises qualification in 
 the constituency ; or (c) in the case of a university 
 constituency the requisite qualification for such uni- 
 versity constituency ; or 
 
 (2) If he has the requisite business premises quali- 
 fication in the constituency ; or 
 
 (3) If he has the requisite residence qualification in 
 the constituency ', provided in this case that he makes 
 a claim for the purpose, accompanied by a declaration 
 in the prescribed form ; or 
 
86 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. (4) If in the case of a university constituency he 
 has the requisite qualification for such constituency. 
 
 B. A female naval or military voter shall 
 be entitled to be registered as a parliamentary 
 elector for any constituency 
 
 (1) If she would but for the service which brings 
 her within the provisions of sect. 5 (a) have been 
 entitled to be registered as a local government elector 
 in respect of the occupation in that constituency of land 
 or premises (not being a dwelling-house] of a yearly 
 value of not less than 5 or of a dwelling-house ; or 
 (b) if, in the case of a university constituency, she 
 would but for such service have had the requisite quali- 
 fication for such university constituency ; or 
 
 (2) If she is entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector in respect of the occupation in that 
 constituency of land or premises (not being a dwelling- 
 house) of a yearly value of not less than 5 or of a 
 dwelling -house, or is the wife of a husband entitled t<> 
 be so registered ; or 
 
 (3) If in the case of a university constituency she 
 has the requisite qualification in such constituency. 
 
 As to A.: A male naval or military voter 
 
 naval and shall be entitled to be registered as a parliamen- 
 voters. tary elector for any constituency 
 
 (1) If he would but for the service which 
 brings him within the provisions of sect. 5 have 
 
 had (a) the requisite residence qualification in the 
 constituency, or (b) the requisite business premises 
 qualification in the constituency, or (c) in the case 
 of a university constituency the requisite qualifica- 
 tion for such university constituency. It is clear 
 
QUALIFICATIONS OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 that this is the meaning of the first sentence of Sect. 5. 
 sect. 5(1). The words in that section, the neces- 
 sary qualification, can only mean the requisite 
 residence qualification or the requisite business 
 qualification or the requisite university qualifi- 
 cation. 
 
 It should be remembered that in order to come 
 within the description, " a naval or military 
 voter," a person must have fulfilled the con- 
 ditions of the franchise which relate to age and 
 absence of legal incapacity (rf). 
 
 The words, the service which brings him 
 within the provisions of sect. 5, refer, of course, 
 to the various kinds of service mentioned in 
 sect. 5 (3)(0), by virtue of which a person becomes 
 a " naval or military voter." 
 
 As to the meaning of (a) the requisite residence 
 qualification, see pp. 9 24, supra. As to the 
 meaning of (b) the requisite business premises quali- 
 fication, see pp. 4 37, supra. 
 
 An important point must be observed with 
 regard to the requisite residence and business 
 premises qualifications in their application to 
 naval and military voters. By the proviso in 
 sect. 6 of the present Act, the qualifying period 
 for a naval or military voter is one month, ending 
 either on January 15th or July 15th, instead of 
 the ordinary qualifying period of six months. In 
 applying the observations as to the requisite resi- 
 dence qualification on pp. 924, supra, and the 
 
 (d) See pp. 79, 8082, supra, 
 
 (e) See pp. 82 85, gupra. 
 
88 KKPRFSKNTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 jBect. 5. requisite business premises qualification on pp. 
 24 37, supra, to naval and military voters, 
 this difference in the qualifying period must be 
 remembered. 
 
 It is impossible to understand fully the effect of 
 the qualification conferred by the first sentence in 
 sect. 5 (1), and stated under A. (1) on p. 86, with- 
 out referring shortly to the method and machinery 
 of registration connected with it. By Rule 17 of 
 the Registration Rules (/), it is the duty of the 
 registration officer to place the names of all naval 
 or military voters (subject to the two exceptions 
 there mentioned(y) ) on the absent voters' list. 
 By Rule 6 of the Registration Rules (h) it is 
 the duty of the registration officer < ' to cause a 
 house-to-house or other sufficient inquiry to be 
 made ... of all persons appearing to be entitled 
 to be registered as parliamentary . . . electors." 
 In the course of this inquiry he will discover the 
 existence of a number of men and women absent 
 on various kinds of war service in his registration 
 area, and it will be his duty to ascertain whether 
 they are entitled to be registered on the absent 
 voters' list as naval or military voters. 
 
 By sect. 5 (2), the statement of any person, 
 made in the prescribed form and verified in the 
 prescribed manner, that he would have had the 
 necessary qualification in any constituency but 
 for the service which brings him within the 
 
 (/) First Schedule to the present Act, pp. 345, 346, infra. See 
 also sect. 13, pp. 133, 134, infra. 
 
 (</) First Schedule, Rule 17 (a) and (b), pp. 345, 346, infra. 
 (h) First Schedule, p. 341, infra. 
 
QUALIFICATIONS OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. 89 
 
 provisions of this section, shall for all purposes sect. 5. 
 of this section be sufficient if there is no evi- 
 dence to the contrary. 
 
 If the registration officer receives such a state- 
 ment from a naval or military voter in his regis- 
 tration area and there is no evidence to the 
 contrary (which in the great majority of cases 
 there will not be), he need inquire no further as 
 to that person's qualifications. In the absence 
 of such a statement, however, it becomes the 
 duty of the registration officer to ascertain 
 whether the naval or military voter would have had 
 the requisite residence qualification or the requisite 
 business premises qualification but for the service 
 which makes him or her a military voter. By 
 Rule 18 of the Registration Rules (i) the Admi- 
 ralty, Army Council and Air Council are to 
 furnish to the registration officer such particulars 
 concerning naval and military voters u as may be 
 necessary for the purpose of their registration." 
 Notwithstanding this assistance, however, inquiry 
 as to whether or not a particular person is entitled 
 to be registered will, as was pointed out in dealing 
 with these qualifications under sect. I (/), fre- 
 quently raise questions of great difficulty and 
 complexity, which, it is evident, it will often be 
 impossible for the registration officer to investigate 
 adequately and to decide in the case of an absent 
 person. It seems certain, therefore, that in gene- 
 ral the qualification of naval and military voters 
 
 (f) First Schedule, p. 346, infra. 
 ( /) See pp. 9 37, supra. 
 
90 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. under head (1) above will be ascertained in u 
 rough and ready manner by the registration 
 officer, and probably, in the case of the requisite 
 residence qualification, merely by learning that 
 the person to be registered lived in a particular 
 house before undertaking his or her war service. 
 
 If the registration officer once places the name 
 of any naval or military voter on the register, the 
 register will be conclusive evidence of that per- 
 son's right to vote(/t:). It should, of course, be 
 remembered, however, that on a scrutiny the 
 election court would disallow the votes of persons 
 under a legal incapacity (/). 
 
 As to (<?), in the case of a university constituency 
 the requisite qualification for such university con- 
 stituency. This case will arise very rarely, as it 
 is only where the naval or military voter has 
 passed the necessary examinations and kept the 
 necessary residence for a degree but has not yet 
 been admitted to such degree that he could claim 
 to be registered under this head (m). 
 
 (2) If he has the requisite business premises qualifi- 
 cation in the constituency. In sect. 5 (l)the following 
 words appear : The right to be registered in 
 pursuance of the foregoing provision (i.e., the 
 first sentence in sect. 5(1)) shall be in addition 
 to any other right to be registered. It follows, 
 therefore, that, if notwithstanding his service 
 
 () See pp. 102108, infra. 
 (/) See pp. 48, 102108. 
 (m] See pp. 38, 39, supra. 
 
ACTUAL RESIDENCE QUALN. OF NAV. AND MIL. VOTERS. 
 
 within the meaning of sect. 5 (3) a naval or Sect. 5 
 military voter has in fact the requisite business 
 premises qualification (n) in a constituency, he is 
 entitled to be registered in such constituency by 
 reason of that qualification. 
 
 In considering whether a naval or military 
 voter has the requisite business premises qualifi- 
 cation it is important to notice the modification 
 in the length of the qualifying period required, 
 which is dealt with on pp. 87, 88, 96, 97, supra. 
 
 It should be observed that no claim is necessary 
 in order to obtain registration under head (2). 
 
 (3) If he has the requisite residence qualification in 
 the constituency, provided in this case that he makes 
 a claim for the purpose, accompanied by a 
 declaration in the prescribed form. 
 
 By sect. 5 (1) .... The right to be registered 
 in pursuance of the foregoing provision (i.e., the 
 provision contained in the first sentence in sect. 5 ) 
 shall be in addition to any other right to be 
 registered, but a naval or military voter shall not 
 be entitled to be registered for a constituency in 
 respect of an actual residence qualification in 
 the constituency except on making a claim for 
 the purpose accompanied by a declaration in 
 the prescribed form that he has taken reasonable 
 steps to prevent his being registered under the 
 foregoing provision for any other constituency. 
 
 Unlike the qualification noticed under (2) above, 
 in order to be registered by virtue of an actual 
 
 (n) See pp. 24 37, supra, and particularly the remarks on 
 constructive occupation on pp. 26, 27, 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 6. residence qualification, a naval or military voter 
 must make a claim accompanied by the declara- 
 tion (n) referred to in that part of sect. 5(1) which 
 is set out above. 
 
 It is submitted that the words actual residence 
 qualification which occur there are, subject to 
 the difference in the length of the qualifying 
 period pointed out on pp. 87, 88, supra, equivalent 
 to the words " requisite residence qualification" (o) 
 in sect. I of the Act, and that the word " actual " 
 is used merely to distinguish this qualification 
 from a residence qualification which a naval or 
 military voter " would have had " " but for the 
 service which brings him within the provisions 
 of sect. 5" (/?). It could not, it is suggested, be 
 held that the " residence" here required must be 
 actual as opposed to constructive residence (q). 
 
 The object of the requirement of the above 
 provision is to prevent the registration of a 
 naval or military voter in more than one con- 
 stituency by virtue of a residence qualification. 
 The case contemplated by the Act is, for example, 
 that of a soldier whose home is in one constituency 
 but who is quartered in another. If he desires 
 to be registered for the constituency in which 
 he is quartered by reason of his residence there, 
 rather than for the constituency where his home 
 is and where he would have resided but for his 
 
 (//) For form of claim and declaration, see p. 569, -infra. 
 \o] As to the meaning of these words, see pp. 9 - 24, supra, 
 (p) See pp. 82 85, supra. 
 (</) See pp. 11 15, supra. 
 
QUALIFICATIONS OF FEMALE NAV. AND MIL. VOTERS. * 
 
 service, he must make the claim and declaration (r) Beet. 5 
 required by sect. 5 (1). 
 
 (4) If in the case of a university constituency he 
 has the requisite qualification for such constituency. 
 As to this, see pp. 38 39, supra. 
 
 As to B. A female naval or military voter Qualifications 
 shall be entitled to be registered as a parlia- 
 mentary elector for any constituency 
 
 (1) If she would but for the service which 
 brings her within the provisions of sect. 5 (a) have 
 been entitled to be registered as a local government 
 elector in respect of the occupation in that constituency 
 of land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) of a 
 yearly value of not less than five pounds, or of a 
 dwelling-house, or (b) if, in the case of a university 
 constituency, she would but for such service have had 
 the requisite qualification for such university con- 
 stituency. 
 
 See the general observations under A. (1) on 
 pp. 86, 87, supra. As to the qualifications mentioned 
 under (1 ) (a) above, see pp. 68 72, supra. As to 
 the qualifications mentioned under (1) (b) above, 
 see p. 73, supra. See also the observations as to 
 registration on p. 88, supra, which apply equally 
 here with the obvious modifications. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that the qualifying 
 period for naval or military voters is one month, 
 instead of six months ; see pp. 96, 97, infra. 
 
 (2) If she is entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector in respect of the occupation in that 
 constituency of land or premises (not being a dwelling- 
 house) of a yearly value of not less than five pounds, 
 
 (r) See p. 569, infra. 
 
4 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 5. or of a dwelling-house, or is the wife of a husband 
 entitled to be so registered. 
 
 In view of the words in the second sentence of 
 sect. 5 (1), the right to be registered in pur- 
 suance of the foregoing provision shall be in 
 addition to any other right to be registered, 
 it is clear that a female naval or military voter 
 is entitled to be registered by reason of a parlia- 
 mentary qualification which she in fact has. 
 
 As to the qualifications here referred to, see pp. 
 67 72, supra. It must, of course, be remembered 
 that the qualifying period for a naval or military 
 voter is one month ; see pp. 96, 97, supra. 
 
 (3) If in the case of a university constituency she 
 has the requisite qualification for such constituency. 
 See p. 73, supra. 
 
 6 - " -'The qualifying period shall be a 
 period of six months ending either on the 
 fifteenth day of January, or the fifteenth 
 day of July, including in each case the 
 fifteenth day : l 
 
 Provided that in the application of this 
 section to a person who is a naval or 
 military voter, or who has been serving as 
 a member of the naval, military, or air 
 forces of the Crown at any time during 
 the said six months and has ceased so to 
 serve, one month shall be substituted for six 
 months as the qualifying period. 2 
 
 NOTE. Sect. 6 defines the qualifying period, 
 
 1 See pp. 95, 96, infra. 2 See pp. 96, 97, infra. 
 
ORDINARY QUALIFYING PERIOD. 96 
 
 which is one of the elements of (1) the residence Sect. 6. 
 qualification (r), (2) the business premises quali- 
 fication (), (3) the local government franchise for 
 men (), (4) the franchises for women (u), and 
 (5) the franchise of naval and military voters (x). 
 
 Sect. 6 in effect enacts that there shall be two 
 kinds of qualifying periods ; the one of general 
 application, which is called in this Note the 
 ordinary qualifying period, the other applying only 
 to a certain class of persons, namely, naval and 
 military voters, or persons who have been and 
 are no longer soldiers and sailors within the pro- 
 viso to sect. 6, which is called in this Note the 
 special qualifying period. 
 
 ( 1 ) The ordinary qualifying period. This is a 
 period of six months ending either on the 15th 
 day of January or the 15th day of July,* including 
 in each case the fifteenth day, i.e., there are in 
 each twelve months two qualifying periods, the 
 one from 16th July to 15th January (both dates 
 inclusive), the other from 16th January to loth 
 July (both dates inclusive). As the law does not 
 take notice of a part of a day(^), it would be 
 sufficient in order to come within the words 
 " during the whole of the qualifying period" 
 
 (r) See pp. 9 24, supra. 
 
 (s) See pp. 24 37, supra. 
 
 (*) See pp. 4262, supra. 
 
 (te) See pp. 65 76, supra. 
 
 (x} See pp. 8594, supra. 
 
 (y) 1 BI. Com. 463 ; Anon. (1700), Ld. Eaym. 480, 1096. 
 
 * N.B. In connection with the first register under the Act the 
 last day of the qualifying period is loth April, 1918 (Order in 
 Council dated 4th June, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, and Fifth Schedule, 
 p. 752). 
 
6 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 6. if the residence or occupation required began on 
 any part, however late, of the first day of the 
 period, and ended on any part, however early, 
 of the last day of the period.* 
 
 The Spring Register is made for the period 
 ending on January 15th, and the Autumn Register 
 is made for the period ending on July 15th (y). 
 The ordinary qualifying period of six months is 
 the one applicable to all persons claiming the 
 franchise under sects. 1, 3, 4 (1), (3) and (5), 
 subject to the exception mentioned in the proviso 
 to sect. 6, and referred to below. 
 
 (2) A special qualifying period. The effect of 
 the proviso in sect. 6 is to create a special quali- 
 fying period of one month, ending either on 
 the fifteenth day of January or the ijfteenth day 
 of July,* including in each case the fifteenth day, 
 i. e., there are in each twelve months two such 
 periods, the one from December 16th to January 
 15th (both dates inclusive), the other from 
 June 16th to July loth (both dates inclu- 
 sive). What Avas said under ( 1 ), above, as to the 
 sufficiency of part of a day applies equally 
 here. This special qualifying period is. for a 
 particular class of persons, treated as though 
 it were the ordinary qualifying period. The 
 persons to whom the special qualifying period 
 is applicable are (a) a naval or military voter (z), 
 
 (z) Sect. 11, p. 125 infra, and see footnote (*) below. 
 
 * N.B. In connection with the first register under the Act the 
 last day of the qualifying period is loth April, 1918 (Order in 
 Council dated 4th June, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, and Fifth Schedule, 
 p. 752). 
 
SPECIAL QUALIFYING PERIOD. 97 
 
 and (b) any person claiming the franchise under Sect. 6. 
 sects. 1, 3, 4 (1) and (3), who at any time during 
 the ordinary qualifying period(#)has been serving 
 as a member of the naval, military, or air forces 
 of the Crown (#), arid has during the same quali- 
 fying period ceased so to serve. E>9> a soldier 
 is serving in the army on 17th July in any 
 year and is invalided out of the army on the 
 18th July ; then, provided he fulfils the other 
 conditions (c) necessary to acquire the franchise, 
 he need only reside in premises or occupy land 
 or premises from December 16th to January 15th 
 in order to be entitled to be registered for the 
 qualifying period ending January 15th. 
 
 The special qualifying period applies to local 
 government electors as well as to parliamentary 
 electors. It is clear that although sect. 5 deals 
 only with the parliamentary franchise, a u naval 
 or military voter " as defined by that section can 
 be a local government elector. 
 
 A curious point arises in connection with the 
 special qualifying period with respect to the inter- 
 pretation of sect. 7 (2) dealt with on pp. 16 23, 
 27, 28, 45, 46, supra. Though doubtless contrary 
 to the intention of those who framed the Act, it 
 would appear that a person to whom the special 
 qualifying period is applicable could not avail 
 himself or herself of the provisions of sect. 7 (2), 
 as the words therein, " for part of the qualifying 
 
 v. 
 
 (a) See p. 95, supra. 
 
 (b) See pp. 82, 83, supra. 
 
 (c) See pp. 3, 4, supra. 
 
^8 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 7. period not exceeding four months in the whole," 
 
 cannot apply to the qualifying period of one month. 
 
 It should be noticed that as regards Ireland 
 
 the provisions of sect. 44 (11) (a), set out at p. 334, 
 
 infra, are substituted for sect. 6. 
 
 supplemental 7. (i) Where premises are in the ioint 
 
 provisions &s ^ ' ** 
 
 to residence occupation of two or more persons, each of 
 
 and occu- A . i 11 / i / 
 
 the joint occupiers shall, for the purposes of 
 this Part (d) of this Act, be treated as occu- 
 pying the premises, subject as follows : 
 
 (a) In the case of the occupation of busi- 
 
 ness premises the aggregate yearly 
 value of the premises must for the 
 purpose of the parliamentary fran- 
 chise be not less than the amount 
 produced by multiplying ten pounds 
 by the number of the joint occu- 
 piers ; and * 
 
 (b) In the case of the occupation of land 
 
 or premises (not being a dwelling- 
 house) the aggregate yearly value 
 thereof must for the purpose of the 
 parliamentary franchise of women 
 be not less than the amount pro- 
 duced by multiplying five pounds 
 by the number of joint occupiers ; 
 and 
 
 (c) Not more than two joint occupiers 
 
 (d} I.e., Part I,, ss. 110. 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS AS TO RESIDENCE, ETC. 9<J 
 
 shall be entitled to be registered sect. 7. 
 in respect of the same land or 
 premises, unless they are bona fide 
 engaged as partners carrying on 
 their profession, trade or business 
 011 the land or premises. 
 
 (2) Residence in a house or the occupa- 
 tion of a house shall not be deemed to be 
 interrupted for the purposes of this Act by 
 reason only of permission being given by 
 letting or otherwise for the occupation of 
 the house as a furnished house by some 
 other person for part of the qualifying 
 period not exceeding four months in the 
 whole, or by reason only of notice to quit 
 being served and possession being demanded 
 by the landlord of the house ; but the ex- 
 press enactment of this provision shall not 
 affect in any way the general principles 
 governing the interpretation of the expres- 
 sion " residence " and cognate expressions. 
 
 (3) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, 
 a man shall not be entitled to be registered 
 as a parliamentary elector for a constituency 
 in respect of a residence qualification though 
 he may have been residing in premises in the 
 constituency on the last day of the qualifying 
 period, if he commenced to reside in the 
 constituency within thirty days before the 
 end of the qualifying period, and ceased to 
 
 T-ttj 
 
100 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 7. reside within thirty days after the time when 
 he so commenced to reside. 
 
 (4) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, 
 a person shall not be entitled to be r<?gistered 
 as a local government elector for a local 
 government electoral area though that per- 
 son may have been occupying land or pre- 
 mises in the area on the last day of the 
 qualifying period, if that person commenced 
 to occupy the land or premises within thirty 
 days before the end of the qualifying period, 
 and ceased to occupy the land or premises 
 within thirty days after the commencement 
 of the occupation. 
 
 NOTE. As to (1) (a), see pp. 2487, supra. 
 As to (1) (b), see pp. 6971, supra. As to 
 (l)(c), see pp. 2437 and pp. 4360, supra. AH 
 to (2), as regards residence in a house, see pp. 
 16 23, supra, and as regards the occupation of a 
 house, see pp. 45, 46, supra. 
 
 As to the provision at the end of (2), see 
 p. 11, supra. As to (3), see pp. 10, 11, supra. 
 As to (4), see p. 43, supra. 
 
 8. (1) Every person registered as a 
 parliamentary elector for any constituency 
 shall, while so registered (and in the case of 
 a woman notwithstanding sex or marriage), 
 be entitled to vote at an election of a 
 member to serve in Parliament for that 
 
RIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VO. \ 101 
 
 constituency 1 ; but a man shall iu>tY<)ts at 
 general election for more than one consti- 
 tuency for which he is registered by virtue 
 of a residence qualification or for more than 
 one constituency for which he is registered 
 by virtue of other qualifications of whatever 
 kind, 2 and a woman shall not vote at a 
 general election for more than one consti- 
 tuency for which she is registered by virtue 
 of her own or her husband's local govern- 
 ment qualification, or for more than one 
 constituency for which she is registered by 
 virtue of any other qualification. 3 
 
 (2) A person registered as a local govern- 
 ment elector for any local government 
 electoral area shall while so registered (and 
 in the case of a woman notwithstanding sex 
 or marriage) be entitled to vote at a local 
 government election for that area, 4 but 
 where, for the purposes of election, any such 
 area is divided into more than one ward or 
 electoral division, by whatever name called, a 
 person shall not be entitled to vote for more 
 than one such ward or electoral division. 5 
 
 Notwithstanding anything in this provi- 
 sion a person may be registered for more 
 than one such ward or division of a local 
 government electoral area (not being a 
 
 1 See pp. 102108, infra. 3 Ibid. 
 3 See pp. 108110, infra. 4 See p. 110, infra. 
 5 See pp. 110111, infra. 
 
OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 -mimicip'ai' borough), and may vote in any 
 such ward or division for which he is regis- 
 tered at an election to^fill a casual vacancy. 6 
 (3) A naval or military voter who is regis- 
 tered in respect of a qualification which he 
 would have had but for his service shall be 
 deemed for the purpose of this section to be 
 registered by virtue of that qualification. 7 
 
 NOTE. Sect. 8 deals with the rights of persons, 
 both male and female, registered as parliamentary 
 or local government electors to vote. 
 
 Sect. 8 (1) begins by stating the general prin- 
 ciple that every person registered as a parlia- 
 mentary elector for any constituency shall, while 
 so registered (and in the case of a woman not- 
 withstanding sex or marriage), be entitled to 
 vote at an election of a member to serve in 
 Parliament for that constituency (d), and then 
 proceeds to limit the number of votes which a 
 person may give. 
 
 The principle that registration entitles a person 
 to vote must be read in conjunction with and sub- 
 ject to the qualifications contained in sect. 9 (3). 
 Sect. 9 (3) is as follows : " A person shall not be 
 entitled to be registered or to vote as a parliamen- 
 tary or local government elector if he is not a 
 British subject (c), and nothing contained in this 
 
 fi See pp. Ill, 112, infra. " Seep. 112, infra. 
 
 (d) As to the meaning of " constituency," see p. 3, footnote (a), 
 tupra. 
 
 () See pp. 121, 122, infra. 
 
RIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VOTE. 103 
 
 Act shall, except as expressly provided therein, Sect 8. 
 confer on any person who is subject to any legal 
 incapacity to be registered or to vote either as 
 a parliamentary or local government elector any 
 right to be so registered or to vote." 
 
 The sub-section just quoted has, as regards 
 parliamentary electors, the same effect, except as 
 to penalties, as the proviso in sect. 7 of the Ballot 
 Act, 1872, which stands unrepealed by the present 
 Act. That proviso is as follows: " Nothing in 
 this section (sect. 7 of the Ballot Act, 1872) shall 
 entitle any person to vote who is prohibited from 
 voting by any statute, or by the common law of 
 Parliament, or relieve such person from any penal- 
 ties to which he may be liable for voting." The 
 words " subject to any legal incapacity" in 
 sect. 9 (3) of the present Act have the same effect 
 as the words " prohibited ... by any statute or 
 by the common law of Parliament " in sect. 7 of 
 the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 The position as regards voting of a person who 
 is registered as a parliamentary elector is, there- 
 fore, as follows, bearing in miud, however, the 
 limitation of the number of votes which one 
 person is entitled to give, which is dealt with 
 on pp 108 110, infra. 
 
 The register at an election is conclusive evi- 
 dence ( /) of the right of any person to vote whose 
 name appears therein, and no one is entitled to 
 vote unless his name is on the register of electors 
 for the time being in force. The register is also 
 conclusive evidence (/) before any tribunal in- 
 
 (/) See pp. 104, 105, 106, 107, infra. 
 
104 KEPKESEiNTATlON OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 8. quiring into any election except in the cases of 
 voters to whom some personal disqualification 
 attaches, /.., voters who are legally incapaci- 
 tated^). The remarks of the learned judges in 
 the cases hereinafter cited, which were decided 
 under the Ballot Act, 1872, apply equally under 
 the present Act. 
 
 In Stowe v. Jolliffe(h), Lord Coleridge, C.J., 
 said : 
 
 "I think the true construction of these sec- 
 tions (Y) . . . is to make the register conclusive 
 not only on the returning officer, but also on any 
 tribunal which has to inquire into elections, except 
 in the case of persons ascertained by the proviso 
 (at the end of sect. 7). These are ' persons pro- 
 hibited from voting by any statute or by the 
 common law of Parliament.' 
 
 u I do not think that these words are pointed 
 at any of the cases which my brother Mellor has 
 referred to us. . . . Non-residence within the proper 
 distance of the borough ; non -occupation; insuffi- 
 cient qualification none of these things appear 
 to satisfy the words of this proviso. It does not 
 mean persons who from failure in the incidents 
 or elements of the franchise could be successfully 
 objected to on the revision of the register ; it 
 means persons who from some inherent or for the 
 
 (</) See pp. 48, supra. 
 
 (A) (1874), L. E. 9 0. P. 750. 
 
 (t) Sect. 7 of the Ballot Act, 1872, and sect. 79 of the Parlia- 
 mentary Voters Registiation Act, 1843. The enacting part of 
 sect. 79 (which was the only part of that section still in force at 
 the time of the above decision) was to the same effect as sect. 7 of 
 the Ballot Act. 
 
RIGHT OF PERSON RKGISTERKU TO VOTK. 
 
 time irremovable quality in themselves have riot, Sect. 8. 
 either by prohibition of statutes or at common 
 law, the status of parliamentary electors (k). Such, 
 for example, are peers, \vhether of the United 
 Kingdom, orof Scotland, or of Ireland, . . . persons 
 holding certain offices or employments the subjects 
 of statutory prohibitions, and persons convicted of 
 crimes which disqualify them from voting. I do 
 not say that this list is exhaustive. It is enough 
 to give examples of the cases in which I think the 
 register would be still open." 
 
 The register, therefore, will not be conclusive 
 at the trial of an election petition in the case of 
 the persons mentioned on pp. 5 7, supra, as 
 being legally incapacitated, whether the disquali- 
 fication occurs before or after registration. But 
 in all these cases the returning officer cannot 
 refuse to deliver a ballot paper if the person's 
 name is on the register, though if he votes his 
 name may be struck off on a scrutiny (I). 
 
 In all cases, however, where the disqualification 
 is not of a personal nature the register will be 
 conclusive even at the trial. 
 
 Thus non-residence (ni), non-occupation or in- 
 sufficient qualification (w), or other non-personal 
 disqualification will not disqualify if the name is 
 in fact on the register. 
 
 (ft) See pp. 4 8, supra. 
 
 (I) See pp. 106, 107, Infnt. 
 
 (m) Stoive v. Jollifft (1874), L. R. 9 (..'. P. 750. 
 
 (n) Ibid. 
 
REPRESENTATION 7 OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 8 " It seems to me," said Channel!, J., in Pem- 
 
 broke (q), " that the policy of the Legislature has 
 from the time of the Reform Act of 1832 until 
 the Ballot Act been to make it necessary to raise 
 all questions as to rights to vote in the Registration 
 Court (r), and to do this by preventing their being 
 raised at any other time or in any other manner. 
 . . . The 7th section of the Ballot Act, ... as 
 interpreted and explained in Stowe v. Jollife, 
 reads thus : * At an election a person shall not be 
 entitled to vote unless his name is on the register, 
 even although he ought to be on, and every person 
 whose name is on the register shall be entitled to 
 vote, even if it ought not to be on.' ' 
 
 The presiding officer is in no way concerned 
 with persons who are disqualified from voting 
 either by the common law of Parliament or by 
 statute. If these persons are on the register their 
 votes must, if tendered, be accepted, though they 
 will be struck off on petition. u Now, the obvious 
 intention of the proviso at the end of sect. 7," 
 said Lush, J., in Worcester (9), "is not in order 
 that any objection of the kind mentioned in that 
 proviso may be taken in the polling booth, but 
 the legislature put in this proviso lest the enacting 
 part should be held to restore or make absolute 
 the qualification of a man who really has no 
 qualification. . . . The battle of qualification shall 
 
 (</) Per Channell, J., in Pembroke (1901), 5 O. & H. at p. 144. 
 
 (r) Under the present Act the registration court is abolished, but 
 the registration officer takes its place. See First Schedule, rules 
 2026, pp. 347349, and rule 39, p. 353, infra. 
 
 () (1880), 3 0. & H. at p. 186. 
 
RIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VOTE. 
 
 lor 
 
 be fought either beforehand in the Registration Sect. 6. 
 Court, or after the election upon a scrutiny." 
 
 u When you say that the register is conclusive, 
 as has often been said, what you mean is this 
 that it is conclusive that the people who are on it 
 have the qualification which entitles them to be 
 there. It may be that they are not to be entitled 
 to vote by reason of the 7th section of the Ballot 
 Act (t). . . . Until recent years there was no 
 register, and the register was instituted, I think, 
 for this purpose. There were ways of disputing 
 who had a right to vote cumbersome and ex- 
 pensive ways and the register was instituted as 
 a simple method of finding out, by means of the 
 Revising Barrister (w), who should be put on the 
 register. People could claim to be put on, and 
 people could object to others being put on, and 
 the claims and objections could be investigated 
 by the Revising Barrister. But in my judgment 
 the intention of the Legislature . . . was this : to 
 compile a list, which, except in special circum- 
 stances which are provided for, should be conclu- 
 sive as showing those people had passed a test as 
 to whether they were to vote or not, and had been 
 declared to have satisfied that test" (#). 
 
 From what has been said above, it is clear the 
 general principle laid down in sect. 8 of this Act 
 
 (*) See p. 103. supra. 
 
 (M) Under the present Act tho office of revising banister is 
 abolished, but his place is taken by the registration officer. See 
 footnote (r) on preceding page. 
 
 (ac) Per Darling, J., in Pembroke (1901), 5 O. & H. at pp. 137, l:W. 
 
108 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 19 18. 
 
 Sect. 8. is that a person who is registered has a right to 
 vote, although in certain cases his vote may be 
 invalid. But the second part of sect. 8(1) intro- 
 duces a limitation on the number of votes which 
 a man or woman, although registered as a parlia- 
 mentary elector in several constituencies, may 
 give. This limitation is as follows : 
 
 A man shall not vote at a general election for 
 more than one constituency for which he is 
 registered by virtue of a residence qualification 
 or for more than one constituency for which he 
 is registered by virtue of other qualifications of 
 whatever kind, and a woman shall not vote at a 
 general election for more than one constituency 
 for which she is registered by virtue of her own 
 or her husband's local government qualification, 
 or for more than one constituency for which she 
 is registered by virtue of any other qualification. 
 
 There is nothing in this Act to prevent a man 
 or woman being registered as a parliamentary 
 elector in several different constituencies in re- 
 spect of land or premises in those constituencies 
 provided he or she is qualified for registration in 
 respect of such land or premises. By the latter 
 part of sect. 8(1) just quoted, however, a man 
 cannot, at a general election, have more than 
 two votes notwithstanding that he is registered 
 in more than two constituencies. He will have 
 two votes if he is registered in one constituency 
 by virtue of a residence qualification (j/), and in 
 another constituency by virtue either of a busi- 
 
 (//) Seo pp. 9 24, si>r. 
 
NUMBER OF VOTKS ALLOWED. 109 
 
 ness premises qualification (z) or of a university Sect, a 
 qualification (a), or as a freeman (b). 
 
 It should be noticed, however, that if he is 
 registered in more than one constituency by 
 virtue of qualifications other than a residence 
 qualification he will only have one vote ; e.g. a 
 man may be registered in constituency X by 
 virtue of a business premises qualification, and 
 in the university constituencies Y and Z by 
 virtue of a university qualification, yet he can 
 only make use of one of these qualifications for 
 the purpose of voting, as he would not come 
 within the provisions of sect. 7 (2) relating to 
 the double vote. As to the method by which it 
 is secured that the provisions as to the limitation 
 of votes shall be observed, see pp. 164 172, infra. 
 
 Similarly, a woman cannot, at a general election, 
 have more than two votes, notwithstanding that 
 she is registered in more than two constituencies. 
 She will have two votes if she is registered in one 
 constituency (other than a university constituency) 
 by virtue of her own or her husband's qualifica- 
 tion (c), and in another, a university constituency, 
 by virtue of a university qualification (d). 
 
 A woman who is registered in more than one 
 constituency (other than a university constituency) 
 by virtue only of her own or her husband's quali- 
 fication, will only have one vote, and the same 
 
 (z) See pp. 2437, supra. 
 
 (a) See pp. 3739, supra. 
 
 (b) See pp. 147, 148, infra. 
 
 (c) See pp. 6772, supra. 
 
 (d) See pp. 72, 73, supra. 
 
1 10 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 8. applies to a woman registered in more than one 
 university constituency by virtue of a university 
 qualification. As to the way in which the limita- 
 tion on the number of votes is safeguarded from 
 infringement, see pp. 164 172, infra. 
 
 It should be noticed that both in the case 
 of men and women, this limitation imposed by 
 sect. 8 (1) on the number of votes they may give 
 applies, only to a general election. There is 
 nothing to prevent a person registered in a con- 
 stituency by virtue of any qualification from 
 making use of his or her vote at a bye-election in 
 the constituency, and also at a bye-election in any 
 other constituency or constituencies in which he 
 or she is registered by virtue of any qualification. 
 
 Sect. 8 (2) like sect. 8 (1) begins by stating the 
 general principle that a person registered as a 
 local government elector for any local govern- 
 ment electoral area shall while so registered 
 (and in the case of a woman notwithstanding 
 sex or marriage) be entitled to vote at a local 
 government election for that area. This prin- 
 ciple is subject to the same qualifications as were 
 noticed on pp. 102 108, supra, in the case of 
 parliamentary electors, and what was there said 
 applies equally here. 
 
 But similarly to sect. 8(1), sect. 8(2) intro- 
 duces a limitation on the number of votes which 
 a man or woman may give, by providing that 
 where, for the purposes of election, any such 
 area is divided into more than one ward or 
 electoral division, by whatever name called, a 
 person shall not he entitled to vote for more than 
 one such ward or electoral division. 
 
NUMBER OF VOTES ALLOWED. Ill 
 
 The word election here means (/) an election Sect. e. 
 (other than an election to fill a casual vacancy) 
 for any county council, municipal borough council, 
 metropolitan borough council, district council, 
 board of guardians, parish council, or any other 
 body elected by persons on the local government 
 register or on the register of parochial electors. 
 At any such election, therefore, a local govern- 
 ment elector, whether man or woman, may give 
 one vote only for one ward or electoral division, 
 and no more, 
 
 Sect. 8 (2) further provides that : 
 
 Notwithstanding anything in this provision 
 a person may be registered for more than one 
 such ward or division of a local government 
 electoral area (not being a municipal borough), 
 and may vote in any such ward or division for 
 which he is registered at an election to fill a 
 casual vacancy. 
 
 The words " election to fill a casual vacancy" 
 mean in relation to local government elections 
 what " bye-election " means in relation to parlia- 
 mentary election. 
 
 If a person is registered in respect of more 
 than one ward or division of a local government 
 electoral area (not being a municipal borough), 
 such person may at an election other than an 
 election to fill a casual vacancy select the ward 
 or division for which he wishes to vote. 
 
 As will have been noticed, a person cannot be 
 registered in more than one ward of a municipal 
 borough (g). 
 
 (/) See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. 
 
 (g) See that part of sect. 8 (2) which is set out on preceding page. 
 
112 KEPRESENTATTON OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 8. As regards Ireland, sect. 8 (2) must be read 
 subject to the provisions of sect. 44 (14) (h). 
 
 (3) A naval or military voter who is registered 
 in respect of a qualification which he would have 
 had but for his service shall be deemed for the 
 purpose of this section to be registered by virtue 
 of that qualification. 
 
 As to u naval or military voter" and the quali- 
 fication here referred to, see pp. 76 94, supra. 
 
 Pro vision a* 9. (1) A person shall not be disqualified 
 
 to di*qualifi- V . . , f , ? 
 
 from being registered, or from voting as a 
 parliamentary or local government elector 
 by reason that he or some person for whose 
 maintenance he is responsible has received 
 poor relief or other alms. 1 
 
 (2) Any person, being a conscientious 
 objector to whom this subsection applies, 2 
 shall be disqualified during the continuance 
 of the war and a period of five years there- 
 after 3 from being registered or voting as a 
 parliamentary or local government elector, 
 unless, before the expiration of one year 
 after the termination of the war, he proves 
 to the central tribunal as established for the 
 purposes of the Military Service Act, 1916 4 : 
 
 (a) that he has during the continuance 
 of the war taken up and, so far as 
 
 1 See pp. 116, 117, infra. 3 See pp. 117, 118, infra. 
 * See p. 117, infra. 4 See pp. 118, 119, infra. 
 
 (h) See p. 335, infra. 
 
DISQUALIFICATIONS. 1 1 3 
 
 reasonably practicable, continued sect. 9. 
 service which constitutes a person 
 (other than a person serving on full 
 pay as a member of any of the 
 naval, military, or air forces of the 
 Crown) a naval or military voter 
 for the purposes of this Act 5 ; or 
 
 (b) that having been exempted from 
 
 military service on condition of 
 doing work of national importance 
 he has done such work in accord- 
 ance with the decision and to the 
 satisfaction of the appropriate tri- 
 bunal or authority 6 ; or 
 
 (c) that having obtained an absolute 
 
 exemption from military service 
 
 without any such condition, he 
 
 has nevertheless (whether before 
 
 or after the passing of this Act) 
 
 been engaged in and, so far as 
 
 reasonably practicable, continued 
 
 some work of national importance ; 
 
 and obtains a certificate from the central 
 
 tribunal to that effect. 7 
 
 This subsection shall apply to a conscien- 
 tious objector who either 
 
 (i) has been exempted from all military 
 service (including non-combatant 
 
 6 See pp. 119, 120, infra. 6 See p, 120, infra. 
 7 See pp. 120, 121, infra. 
 
114 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 9. service) on the ground of conscien- 
 
 tious objection 8 ; or 
 
 (ii) haying been convicted by court 
 martial of an offence against mili- 
 tary law, and having represented 
 that the offence was the result of 
 conscientious objection to military 
 service, has been awarded imprison- 
 ment or detention. 9 
 
 The central tribunal established under 
 the Military Service Act, 1916, shall be 
 continued for the purpose of this subsection 
 for a period of a year after the termination 
 of the present war. 10 
 
 If a person disqualified under this sub- 
 section would have been entitled to be 
 registered as a parliamentary or local 
 government elector but for that disquali- 
 fication, the disqualification shall not extend 
 so as to affect the right of the wife of that 
 person to be registered or vote as a par- 
 liamentary or local government elector, as 
 the case may be. 11 
 
 (3) A person shall not be entitled to be 
 registered or to vote as a parliamentary 
 or local government elector if he is not a 
 British subject, and nothing contained in 
 
 8 See p. 117, infra. 10 See p. 121, infra. 
 
 9 See p. 117, infra. See p. 121, infra. 
 
DISQUALIFICATIONS. 
 
 this Act shall, except as expressly provided Sect - 9 - 
 therein, confer on any person who is subject 
 to any legal incapacity to be registered or 
 to vote either as a parliamentary or local 
 government elector any right to be so regis- 
 tered or to vote. 12 
 
 (4) A person shall not be disqualified from 
 voting at any election as a parliamentary or 
 local government elector by reason that he 
 is employed for payment by or on behalf of 
 a candidate at such election, so long as the 
 employment is legal. 13 
 
 (5) Any incapacity of a peer to vote at 
 an election arising from the status of a peer 
 shall not extend to peeresses in their own 
 right. 14 
 
 NOTE. This section re-enacts certain existing 
 disqualifications, imposes a new disqualification, 
 and also removes certain previously existing dis- 
 qualifications from being registered, and from 
 voting, as a parliamentary or local government 
 elector. 
 
 The section falls under five heads. Sub-sect. (1) 
 removes the existing disqualification arising from 
 the receipt of poor relief or other alms in the 
 case of parliamentary and local government 
 
 12 See pp. 121, 122, infra. 13 Seep. 122, infra. 
 14 See pp. 122, 123, infra. 
 
 8(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 9. electors(^). Sub-sect (2) disqualifies conscientious 
 objectors for a certain period and subject to 
 certain conditions (i). Sub-sect. (3) re-affirms the 
 disqualification arising from legal incapacity (&). 
 Sub-sect. (4) removes the existing disqualification 
 from voting of election agents, or other persons 
 legally employed for payment by or on behalf of 
 candidates (/). Sub-sect. (5) declares that peer- 
 esses in their own right are not disqualified from 
 voting (m). 
 
 As to sub-sect. (1). A person shall not be dis- 
 qualified from being registered or from voting as 
 a parliamentary or local government elector by 
 reason that he or some person for whose main- 
 tenance he is responsible has received poor relief 
 or other alms, 
 
 As was pointed out above this sub-section re- 
 moves the disqualification from being registered 
 or from voting as a parliamentary or local govern- 
 ment elector by reason of the receipt of poor relief 
 or other alms, either by the elector or some other 
 person for whose maintenance he is responsible. 
 The only disqualification of this kind which 
 exists under the present Act is that which arises 
 in reference to the residence qualification by 
 reason of sect. 41 (5), which provides that u a 
 person who is an inmate or patient in any prison, 
 lunatic asylum, workhouse, poorhouse, or any 
 other similar institution shall not by reason 
 
 (h] See pp. 116, 117, infra, 
 (i) See pp. 119121, infra. 
 (&) See pp. 121, 122 ; infra. 
 (I) See p. 122, infra. 
 (m) See pp. 122, 123, infra. 
 
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS. 
 
 thereof be treated as resident therein for any Sect. 9. 
 purpose of this Act " (w). 
 
 As to sub-section (2). Any person, being a 
 conscientious objector to whom this subsection 
 applies. In order to ascertain the meaning of 
 these words it is necessary to consider the words 
 in sub-section (2) beginning, This subsection shall 
 apply to a conscientious objector who either 
 (i) has been exempted from all military service 
 (including non-combatant service) on the ground 
 of conscientious objection; 
 
 The expression "a conscientious objector" 
 cannot include a woman, as the Military Service 
 Act, 1916, only applies to men. The exemption 
 referred to in the sub-section is granted under that 
 Act by the tribunals constituted thereunder. 
 
 or (ii) having been convicted by court-martial 
 of an offence against military law and having 
 represented that the offence was the result of 
 conscientious objection to military service, has 
 been awarded imprisonment or detention. 
 
 These words would include any man who, 
 whether he has claimed exemption or not on 
 the ground of conscientious objection, has been 
 engaged in military service, and on being con- 
 victed by court-martial of an offence against 
 military law, has represented that the offence was 
 the result of conscientious objection, and has been 
 awarded imprisonment or detention. 
 
 Sub-section (2) enacts that a conscientious 
 objector coming within the above description 
 
 (n) See p. 15, supra. 
 
11 H REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 9. shall be disqualified during the continuance 
 " of the war and a period of five years thereafter 
 from being registered or voting as a parlia- 
 mentary or local government elector. 
 
 It is submitted that the effect of these words is 
 to impose a legal incapacity to be registered or 
 to vote as a parliamentary or local government 
 elector on all persons coming within sect. 9 (2). 
 As was pointed out above (0), the expression 
 " legal incapacity " means " some inherent or 
 for the time irremovable quality in" a person 
 " which either by prohibition of statutes or at 
 common law " deprives such person of the status 
 of a parliamentary elector (p). It would seem 
 clear that the disqualification imposed by sect, 
 9 (2) is of this nature. Moreover, if this sub- 
 section is not intended to impose a legal inca- 
 pacity, the words "from voting" would be of 
 no effect, since it is only where an elector is 
 legally incapacitated that his vote can be struck 
 off on a scrutiny, notwithstanding the fact that 
 he is registered (q). 
 
 unless, before the expiration of one year after 
 the termination of the war, he proves to the 
 central tribunal as established for the purposes 
 of the Military Service Act, 1916 
 
 By international law war is terminated by the 
 conclusion of a treaty of peace or by simple 
 cessation of hostilities (r). In the absence of 
 some special provision either in an Act of Parlia- 
 
 (o) See pp. 5, 104, 105, supra. 
 
 (p) Stowe v. Jolliffe (1874), L. E. 9 C. P. 750. 
 
 (?) See pp. 8, 103108, supra. 
 
 (r} See " International Law," by W. E. Hall, 6th ed., p. 553. 
 
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECIORS. 
 
 ment or in the treaty of peace, it is submitted Sect. 9. 
 that the termination of the war would not be held 
 to date from the commencement of an armistice. 
 
 the central tribunal established under the 
 Military Service Act, 1916 
 
 The central tribunal is the highest of the three 
 tribunals established under the Military Service 
 Act, 1916, and by sect. 2 (7) of that Act is 
 constituted in accordance with the provisions of 
 the Second Schedule to that Act. The present 
 Act contains no provision as to the procedure to 
 be adopted on an application to the central tri- 
 bunal by any person who wishes to avail himself 
 of the provisions of sect. 9 (2) (a), (b) and (c). 
 By clause 5 of the Schedule to the Military Ser- 
 vice Act, 1916, " His Majesty may by Order in 
 Council make regulations with respect to the 
 constitution, functions and procedure of the . . . 
 central tribunal, and so far as provision is not 
 made for procedure by those regulations, the 
 procedure of the tribunal shall be such as may 
 be determined by the tribunal." The application 
 can be made at any time after the passing of the 
 present Act and " before the expiration of one 
 year after the termination of the war." 
 
 (a) that he has during the continuance of the 
 war taken up and so far as reasonably practi- 
 cable continued service which constitutes a 
 person (other than a person serving on full pay 
 as a member of any of the naval, or military 
 or air forces of the Crown) a naval or military 
 voter for the purposes of this Act ; 
 
 It should be noticed that although the applica- 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 tion to a central tribunal, referred to above, may 
 be made at any time up to the expiration of one 
 year after the end of the war, the service men- 
 tioned in sect. 9 (2) (a) must have been taken up 
 during the continuance of the war. 
 
 See as to the " service which constitutes a 
 person ... a naval or military voter," pp. 79 85, 
 supra. 
 
 (b) that having been exempted from military 
 service on condition of doing work of national 
 importance he has done such work in accordance 
 with the decision and to the satisfaction of the 
 appropriate tribunal or authority, 
 
 This condition applies to those conscientious 
 objectors who have not obtained a certificate of 
 absolute exemption but have obtained under sect. 
 2(3) of the Military Service Act, 1916, a cer- 
 tificate "'conditional on the applicant being en- 
 gaged in some work which in the opinion of the 
 tribunal dealing with the case is of national 
 importance." 
 
 " The appropriate tribunal " here referred to 
 is of course the particular tribunal which granted 
 the conditional certificate, and the "'authority" 
 means the authority in whose employment the 
 work was done. The u satisfaction " required 
 under sect. 9 (2) (a) of the present Act is either 
 that of the " tribunal " or of the " authority." 
 
 Sub-section (2) (c) of sect. 9, which deals with 
 conscientious objectors who have been absolutely 
 exempted, needs no comment. 
 
 and obtains a certificate from the central 
 tribunal to that effect. 
 
DISQUALIFICATIONS. 121 
 
 The applicant must not only prove to the Sect. o. 
 central tribunal the necessary facts in (a), (b) 
 or (e), but must also obtain a certificate from the 
 tribunal to that effect. This will, of course, 
 afford the necessary and conclusive proof to the 
 registration officer that the applicant is not dis- 
 qualified as a conscientious objector. 
 
 If a person disqualified under this subsection 
 would have been entitled to be registered as a 
 parliamentary or local government elector but 
 for that disqualification, the disqualification shall 
 not extend so as to affect the right of the wife of 
 that person to be registered or vote as a parlia- 
 liamentary or local government elector as the 
 case may be. 
 
 The effect of this provision is that when 
 a woman would be entitled under sect. 4 (1) 
 to be registered as a parliamentary elector, or 
 under sect. 4 (3*) (b) as a local government 
 elector, by reason of the fact that her husband 
 would, but that he is disqualified under sect. 9 (2), 
 have the necessary qualification to be registered 
 as a local government elector under sects. 4 (1) (c) 
 or 4 (3) (b) respectively, she shall not lose her 
 right to be registered or to vote in consequence 
 of her husband being so disqualified. 
 
 As to sub-sect. (3) of sect. 9. The words if he is 
 not a British subject would appear to be sur- 
 plusage, as aliens are subject to a legal incapacity 
 to be registered or to vote as parliamentary or 
 local government electors (w). It could not be 
 
 (it) See pp. 4, 5, supra. 
 
122 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 9. argued that these words impose an incapacity of 
 ' a different kind to the one already attaching to 
 aliens, and that the effect of the words a person 
 shall not be entitled ... to vote as a parlia- 
 mentary or local government elector is to make 
 it the duty of the returning officer to ascertain in 
 the polling-booth whether the person seeking to 
 vote is or is not a British subject, and in the latter 
 case to refuse to allow him to vote. If this were 
 the meaning of the words there would be a further 
 question which the returning officer would be re- 
 quired to put to the voter in addition to those 
 already authorised (v) to be asked. The effect 
 of this incapacity, like that of the other legal 
 incapacities (#), is that the vote of the person who 
 is subject to it can be struck off on a scrutiny. 
 
 As to the remaining words of sub-section (3), 
 see pp. 102 108, supra. 
 
 As to sub-section (4). This removes the pre- 
 viously existing disqualification from voting as a 
 parliamentary elector attaching to an election- 
 agent, sub-agent, polling- agent, clerk or mes- 
 senger employed for payment by a candidate at 
 a parliamentary election (y}. 
 
 As to sub-section (5). This would appear to be 
 merely declaratory, as the reasons for which it 
 has been held that peers are legally incapable of 
 exercising the parliamentary franchise do not 
 
 (v) See pp. 167172, infra, 
 (x) See pp. 8, 104108, supra. 
 (y) See pp. 224226, infra. 
 
c 
 
 QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBER OF LOCAL AUTHORITY. 
 
 apply to peeresses (#), whether in their own right Sect. 9. 
 or by marriage. There is, of course, nothing to 
 prevent either peers or peeresses from voting at 
 a local government election. 
 
 10. A person shall, in addition to and Provision as 
 without prejudice to any other qualifica- t 
 tion, be qualified to be elected a member of 
 the local government authority for any local 
 government electoral area 1 if he is the owner 
 of property held by freehold, copyhold, 
 leasehold, or any other tenure 2 within the 
 area of that authority. 
 
 NOTE. The effect of this section is to enlarge 
 the qualifications for membership of local 
 government authorities. There is no limit 
 of value in regard to the qualifying property, 
 nor need the ownership have lasted for any 
 particular period. The section also prevents 
 the possible disqualification, by reason of the 
 conditions of the local government or parlia- 
 mentary franchise as laid down in the present 
 Act, of any person from being elected a member 
 of a local government authority, where such 
 person would have been qualified for such election 
 under the previously existing law ; e.g., by 
 sect. 2 (b) of the Local Government Act, 1888, 
 " a person shall be qualified to be an alderman or 
 
 1 See p. 124, infra. 2 See p. 124, infra. 
 
 (z) See p. 67, supra. 
 
124 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 10. councillor who, though not qualified in manner 
 provided by the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, 
 as applied by this Act (i.e., Local Government 
 Act, 1888) ... is registered as a parliamentary 
 voter in respect of the ownership of property of 
 whatsoever tenure situate in the county." Since 
 the ownership qualification for the parliamentary 
 franchise is abolished by the present Act, the case 
 might arise where a person who would have been 
 qualified under the above- quoted provision would, 
 in the absence of sect. 10, set out above, not be so 
 qualified under the present Act. 
 
 the local government authority for any local 
 government electoral area, 
 
 The words u local government authority " 
 mean a county council, municipal borough coun- 
 cil, metropolitan borough council, district council, 
 board of guardians, parish council, or any other 
 body elected at the time of the passing of this 
 Act by persons on the local government register 
 or on the register of parochial electors (a) ; and 
 the expression " local government electoral area" 
 means the area for which any of the bodies just 
 mentioned is elected (a). 
 
 the owner of property held by freehold, copy- 
 hold, leasehold, or any other tenure. 
 
 The word "owner" is used here somewhat 
 loosely, and not in the sense in which it is used 
 in sect. 3 (b). 
 
 (a) See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305, 306, infra. 
 (6) See p. 46, supra. 
 
REGISTERS. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 REGISTRATION. 
 
 [Sections 1119.] 
 
 11. (1) Two registers of electors shall be spring and 
 prepared in every year, of which one (in this 
 Act referred to as the spring register) shall 
 be made for the qualifying period ending on 
 the fifteenth day of January, 1 and the other 
 (in this Act referred to as the autumn 
 register) shall be made for the qualifying 
 period ending on the fifteenth day of July. 2 
 
 (2) The spring register shall come into 
 force on the commencement of the fifteenth 
 day of April and remain in force until the 
 fifteenth day of October, 3 and the autumn 
 register shall come into force on the com- 
 mencement of the fifteenth day of October 
 and remain in force until the fifteenth day 
 of April. 4 
 
 (3) If for any reason the registration 
 officer fails to compile a fresh spring or 
 autumn register for his area or any part of 
 
 1 See pp. 126, 127, infra. 3 See pp. 127, 128, infra. 
 
 2 See pp. 126, 127, infra. * See pp. 127, 128, infra. 
 
126 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - n - his area, the register in force at the time 
 when the fresh register should have come 
 into force shall continue to operate as the 
 register for the area or part of an area in 
 respect of which default has been made. 5 
 
 NOTE. Sect. 11 deals with the registers of 
 electors, which it defines, and also provides for 
 the contingency of a failure to compile a fresh 
 register. 
 
 As to sub-section (1). This provides that there 
 shall be two -registers in every twelve months, 
 viz. (a) the Spring register, on which are to be 
 placed the names of the men and women who are 
 entitled to be registered as parliamentary or local 
 government electors by reason of their having 
 fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during 
 the qualifying period ending on January 15th, 
 and (b) the Autumn register, on which are to be 
 placed the names of the men and women who 
 are entitled to be registered as parliamentary or 
 local government electors by reason of their having 
 fulfilled the conditions of the franchise during 
 the qualifying period ending on July 15th. 
 
 It is submitted that the above is the meaning of 
 sect. 11 (1). The words in that sub-section (. . . 
 the Spring register) shall be made for the quali- 
 fying period ending on the fifteenth day of 
 January and the corresponding words relating 
 to the Autumn register can only mean that the 
 Spring and Autumn registers respectively shall 
 
 6 See pp. 128130, infra. 
 
REGISTERS. 127 
 
 contain the names of the persons entitled to be Sect - 11 - 
 registered by reason of their having fulfilled the 
 conditions of the franchise during the qualifying 
 periods ending January loth and July 15th re- 
 spectively (c). 
 
 As to the conditions of the franchise, see sec- 
 tions 1, 3, 4, 5, supra. As to the qualifying 
 period, see pp. 95 98, supra. 
 
 As to sub-section (2). The Spring register is 
 valid only from midnight, April 14th, until mid- 
 night, October 14th, and the Autumn register 
 from midnight, October 14th, until midnight, 
 April 14th. As was noted above, the Spring 
 register contains the names of the persons who 
 are entitled to be registered by reason of their 
 having fulfilled the conditions of the franchise 
 during the qualifying period ending on January 
 15th, and such persons accordingly only obtain 
 the rights which registration confers (d) during 
 the time when the Spring register is in force, 
 viz. from April 15th to October 15th. Similarly, 
 the Autumn register contains the names of the 
 persons who are entitled to be registered by 
 reason of their having fulfilled the conditions of 
 the franchise during the qualifying period 
 ending on July 15th, and accordingly such 
 persons only obtain the rights which registration 
 confers (e) during the time when the Autumn 
 register is in force, viz. from October 15th to 
 
 (c) But as to the first register, see pp. 128, 129, infra. 
 
 (d) See pp. 102 108, supra. 
 
 (e) See pp. 102108, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 11. April 15th. In other words, for a person to 
 enjoy the rights which registration confers(/) 
 during the whole twelve months, the name of 
 such person must appear on both registers. 
 
 As to sub-section (3). The word area here means 
 " registration area." By sect. 12 (!)(#) " each 
 parliamentary borough and each parliamentary 
 county shall be a registration area." 
 
 It should be noticed that by sect. 46 (2) it is 
 provided that : 
 
 u Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the 
 first register to be prepared under this Act shall 
 come into force on, and remain in force until, 
 such date as His Majesty may fix by Order in 
 Council, and His Majesty may by any such 
 Order alter, in connection with the first register, 
 any registration dates, including the dates go- 
 verning the qualifying period, and direct that 
 this Act shall have effect as so altered." 
 
 By rule 6 of the Order in Council dated 
 June 4th, 1918 (7), which substituted other dates 
 for the dates specified in Orders in Council dated 
 March 4th, 1918 (m) and March 22nd, 191 8 (), 
 " in connection with the first register to be pre- 
 pared under the Act the registration dates and 
 the dates governing the qualifying period shall, 
 .... be the dates specified in the third column 
 of the Fifth Schedule to this Order." 
 
 (/) See pp. 102108, supra. 
 
 (k] See p. 130, supra. 
 
 (?) See p. 749, infra. 
 
 (m) See pp. 613 614, infra. 
 
 (n) See pp. 626627, infra. 
 
DATES FOR FIRST REGISTER. 
 
 The Schedule is as follows : 
 REGISTRATION DATES. 
 
 Sect. 11. 
 
 Subject-matter. 
 
 Date specified 
 in Act. 
 
 Substituted 
 date. 
 
 End of qualifying period .... 
 Publication of lists 
 
 15 Jan. July 
 1 F e k % Aug. 
 
 15 April 
 29 June 
 
 Last day for objections to elec- 
 tors lists 
 
 15 Feb. Aug. 
 
 10 July 
 
 Last day for claims 
 Last day for claims as absent 
 voters 
 
 18 Feb. Aug. 
 18 Feb. Aug. 
 
 17 July 
 31 July 
 
 Date referred to in Bale 17 
 (see p. 345, infra} 
 
 18 Feb. Aug. 
 
 17 Auer 
 
 Publication of list of objec- 
 tions to electors lists 
 
 21 Feb. Aug. 
 
 19 July 
 
 Publication of list of claimants 
 Last day for objections to 
 claimants 
 
 24 Feb. Aug. 
 7 Mar. 4 Sept. 
 
 25 July 
 31 July 
 
 Publication of list of objec- 
 tions to claimants (as soon 
 as practicable after) 
 
 7 Mar 4 Sept. 
 
 31 July 
 
 Publication and coming into 
 force of register . 
 
 15 ADril Oct. 
 
 1 Oct." 
 
 In its application to Ireland sect. 11 must be Application 
 
 -. , . , -,, . . to Ireland. 
 
 read subject to the following provisions of sect. 
 
 n 
 
 " One register of electors only shall be made 
 each year, and all provisions applicable to 
 the autumn register shall apply as respects the 
 yearly register (except that the yearly register 
 shall remain in force until the fifteenth day of 
 October in the next following year), and the pro- 
 visions as to the preparation of two registers in 
 each year and as to the spring register shall not 
 apply." 
 
 (o) See pp. 334, 335, infra. 
 
1'JO REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 11. It should be noticed that in Ireland there is 
 only one qualifying period in each year, being 
 a period of six months ending on July loth (ri). 
 
 12. H) Each parliamentary borough and 
 
 officers and > ' TUT 
 
 area 8 . each parliamentary county shall be a regis- 
 
 tration area, and there shall be a registra- 
 tion officer for each registration area. 
 
 (2) Where the registration area is a par- 
 liamentary county and is coterminous with, 
 or wholly contained in, one administrative 
 county, the clerk of the county council, 
 and where the registration area is a par- 
 liamentary borough and is coterminous with, 
 or wholly contained in, one municipal 
 borough, the town clerk of the borough 
 shall be the registration officer for the area. 
 
 In any other case such clerk of the county 
 council, or town clerk, shall be registration 
 officer for the area as the Local Government 
 Board may by Order direct, subject to any 
 conditions which may be made by the Order 
 as to the appointment of deputies for any 
 part of the area. 
 
 (3) Any of the duties and powers of the 
 registration officer may be performed and 
 exercised by any deputy for the time being 
 approved by the Local Government Board, 
 
 (w) See sect. 44 (11) (a), p. 334, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION OFFICERS AND AREAS. 18 
 
 and the provisions of this Act shall apply to sect. 12. 
 any such deputy so far as respects any duties 
 or powers to be performed or exercised by 
 him as it applies to the registration officer. 
 
 (4) In the event of any vacancy in the 
 office of any clerk of the county council or 
 town clerk who is a registration officer, or 
 in the event of his incapacity to act, any 
 acts authorised or required to be done by or 
 with respect to the registration officer may 
 be done by or with respect to any person 
 temporarily appointed in that behalf by the 
 chairman of the county council or the 
 mayor as the case may be. 
 
 NOTE. Each parliamentary borough and each 
 parliamentary county. A list of these in Eng- 
 land and Wales is given in the Ninth Schedule to 
 this Act. See pp. 404467, 482543, infra. 
 
 Any of the duties and powers of the registra- 
 tion officer. As to what these are, see sect. 13, 
 pp. 133134, infra, and First Schedule, pp. 339- 
 357, infra. 
 
 This section does not apply to Scotland, but Application 
 
 ,*1 x . . to Scotland. 
 
 by section 43, sub-section (8), the provisions of 
 that sub-section are substituted for those of 
 section 12. The provisions of section 43, sub- 
 section (8), will be found set out on pp. 317 319, 
 infra. 
 
 9(2) 
 
H* REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 12. In its application to Ireland sect. 12 of the Act 
 
 Applic 
 to Ireli 
 
 cation is, by reason of the provisions of sect. 44, sub- 
 
 reland. 
 
 sect. (2) (p) and part of sub-sect. (3) (q\ to be read 
 subject to the following modifications :- 
 
 u (2) The reference (in sect. 12 (3)) to the 
 Local Government Board in relation to the ap- 
 proval of a deputy for the execution of any of 
 the powers and duties of a registration officer 
 shall be construed as a reference to the Lord 
 Lieutenant, and other references to that Board 
 shall be construed as references to the Local 
 Government Board for Ireland : 
 
 " (3) (a) The clerk of the crown and peace for 
 an administrative county, not being a county 
 borough, shall be the registration officer for any 
 parliamentary county which is coterminous with, 
 or the whole or greater part of which is contained 
 in, the administrative county and no part is con- 
 tained in a county borough, and the clerk of the 
 crown and peace for a county borough shall be 
 the registration officer for any parliamentary 
 borough which is coterminous with, or the whole 
 or any part of which is contained in, the county 
 borough (r) . . . ." 
 
 Moreover, sect. 44 (3) (c) (*) is substituted for 
 sub-sect. (4) of sect. 12. 
 
 (p) See p. 327, infra, 
 (q) See pp. 327, 328, infra. 
 
 (r) For the proviso in this sub-section relating to Dublin and 
 Belfast, see p. 144, infra. 
 () See pp. 329, 330, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION DUTIES. 133 
 
 13. (1) It shall be the duty of the regis- Seot - 18 - 
 tration officer to compile the spring and d u e t f e ^ rfttion 
 autumn register, and to place, or cause to be 
 placed, on the register in accordance with 
 the rules set out in the First Schedule to 
 this Act the names of those entitled to vote 
 as parliamentary electors or local govern- 
 ment electors in his registration area, and to 
 comply with any general or special direc- 
 tions which may be given by the Local 
 Government Board with respect to the 
 arrangements to be made by the registra- 
 tion officer for carrying out his duties as to 
 registration. 
 
 If a registration officer refuses, neglects or 
 fails without reasonable cause to perform 
 any of his duties in connection with regis- 
 tration, he shall be liable on summary con- 
 viction to a fine not exceeding one hundred 
 pounds. 
 
 (2) His Majesty may by Order in Council 
 prescribe the forms to be used for registra- 
 tion purposes and any fees to be taken in 
 connection therewith, and alter the rules 
 contained in the First Schedule to this Act 
 for the purpose of carrying this Act into full 
 effect, or for carrying into effect any Act for 
 the time being in force amending or affect- 
 ing this Act. 
 
134 REPKE8ENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect, is. Xhe rules contained in the First Schedule 
 to this Act and any Order so made shall 
 have effect as if enacted in this Act. 
 
 NOTE. This section imposes upon the regis- 
 tration officer the duty of ascertaining what per- 
 sons in the area for which he is registration 
 officer are entitled to be placed on the register 
 as parliamentary and as local government electors 
 and to place such names or cause them to be 
 placed on the register. 
 
 the rules set out in the First Schedule to this 
 Act. For these rules, see pp. 339 357, infra. 
 
 and to comply with any general or special 
 directions which may be given by the Local 
 Government Board. These directions are set 
 out in Appendix I. See p. 555, infra. 
 
 shall be liable on summary conviction to a 
 fine not exceeding one hundred pounds. If a 
 
 registration officer refuses, neglects or fails with- 
 out reasonable cause to perform any of his duties 
 in connection with registration, such refusal, ne- 
 glect or failure does not constitute an indictable 
 offence, but is punishable upon summary convic- 
 tion and renders the registration officer liable to 
 be prosecuted under the Summary Jurisdiction 
 Acts. 
 
 The Order in Council prescribing forms referred 
 to in sub-section (2) above is set out at pp. 555 
 578, infra, and that prescribing fees at pp. 747 
 753, infra (see particularly rule 2, p. 748, and 
 Second Schedule, p. 751). 
 

 APPEALS. 135 
 
 14. (1) An appeal shall lie to the county Sect - 14 - 
 court, as defined by rules of court, from any 
 decision of the registration officer on any 
 claim or objection which has been considered 
 by him under this Act, or the placing of or 
 refusal to place any mark against any name 
 on the register, and rules of court shall be 
 made for the purpose of determining the 
 procedure on any such appeals and for 
 applying and adapting thereto any enact- 
 ments relating to county courts and the 
 procedure therein : 
 
 Provided that an appeal shall not lie 
 where tf claimant or objector has not availed 
 himself of his opportunity, as provided in 
 the First Schedule to this Act, of being 
 heard by the registration officer on the 
 claim or objection, or as to the placing of 
 or refusing to place any such mark as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 (2) An appeal shall lie on any point of 
 law from any decision of the county court 
 on any such appeal from the registration 
 officer in accordance with rules of the Su- 
 preme Court to the Court of Appeal, but 
 no appeal shall lie from the decision of the 
 Court of Appeal. 
 
 (3) The right of voting of any person 
 whose name is for the time being on the 
 register shall not be prejudiced by any 
 
136 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 14. appeal pending under this section, and any 
 vote given in pursuance of that right shall 
 be as good as if no such appeal were 
 pending, and shall not be affected by the 
 subsequent decision of the appeal. 
 
 (4) Notice shall be sent to the registration 
 officer in manner provided by rules of court 
 of the decision of the county court or of the 
 Court of Appeal on any appeal under this 
 section, and the registration officer shall 
 make such alterations in the electors lists or 
 register as may be required to give effect to 
 the decision. 
 
 (5) On any appeal under this section the 
 registration officer shall be deemed to be a 
 party to the proceedings. 
 
 (6) If the Lord Chancellor is satisfied on 
 the representation of the judge of any 
 county court that the judge is unable, owing 
 to the necessity of dealing with appeals 
 under this Act, to transact the business of 
 the court with proper despatch, the Lord 
 Chancellor may appoint a barrister of at 
 least seven years' standing to act as assistant 
 judge for such time as the Lord Chancellor 
 may direct, and subject to any conditions 
 which he may impose. . 
 
 Any assistant judge so appointed shall 
 have all the powers and privileges and may 
 perform any of the duties of the judge, 
 
APPEALS. 137 
 
 whether under this Act or otherwise, to sect. 14. 
 whom he has been appointed assistant. 
 
 An assistant judge shall be paid out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament such re- 
 muneration and travelling allowances as 
 may be allowed by the Treasury. . 
 
 In the application of this provision to a 
 county court district the whole of which is 
 within the Duchy of Lancaster, the Chan- 
 cellor of the Duchy shall be substituted for 
 the Lord Chancellor. 
 
 NOTE. An appeal. Anyone who is entitled 
 to make and has made a claim or objection can 
 appeal to the county court from the decision of 
 the registration officer, whether such decision be 
 on a question of fact or a point of law, as to 
 which see below. 
 
 For the rules of court referred to in sub- 
 sections (1), (2) and (4), see pp. 638 671, infra. 
 
 on any claim or objection. See pp. 342 345, 
 and Rule 25, pp. 3-1:8, 349, infra. 
 
 any mark against any name on the register. 
 See Rule 2, p. 340, infra, and pp. 342 345, 
 577, infra. 
 
 where a claimant or objector has not availed 
 himself of his opportunity, as provided in the 
 First Schedule to this Act, of being heard by the 
 registration officer. See Rules 20, 21, p. 347, 
 and Rule 39, p. 353, infra. 
 
 An appeal shall lie on any point of law from 
 any decision of the county court. It will be 
 noticed that an appeal from the decision of the 
 
las 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 14. 
 
 Application 
 to Scotland. 
 
 Application 
 to Ireland. 
 
 county court will only lie on a point of law. 
 Where it is clear that the findings of fact by the 
 registration officer are dependent on an erroneous 
 view of the law (r), or where there is no evidence 
 to support such findings, an appeal will lie (s). 
 
 In Scotland the reference to the county court 
 in the above section shall be construed as a re- 
 ference to the sheriff court, and reference to the 
 Supreme Court shall be construed as a reference 
 to the Court of Session, and a reference to the 
 Court of Appeal shall be construed as a reference 
 to the Court of three judges of the Court of 
 Session constituted by sect. 23 of the Repre- 
 sentation of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868 (). 
 Moreover, sect. 43 (9)(w) of the present Act enacts 
 that ' ' the provisions regarding the appointment 
 of an assistant judge (in sect. 14 above) shall riot 
 apply " to Scotland. 
 
 In its application to Ireland sect. 14 is subject 
 to the provisions of sect. 44 (5) (#), which are as 
 follows : 
 
 " For the purposes of appeals from the regis- 
 tration officer, . . . the powers and jurisdic- 
 tion of the county court shall, unless and until 
 the Lord Lieutenant otherwise direct, be exer- 
 
 (r] Cawley v. Furncll (1851), 12 0. B. 291 ; Cuthbertson v. Purses 
 (1852), 12 C. B. 304. 
 
 (s] G. N. R. Co. v. llimel (1856), 18 0. B. 575; Brituli Industry 
 Lift-. Ass. Co. v. Ward (1856), 17 C. B. 644. 
 
 (0 See sect. 43 (1), (h), (f) and (g) of the present Act, pp. 309, 
 310, infra. 
 
 () See p. 319, infra. 
 
 (x) See p. 331, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 
 
 cised, as respects the parliamentary borough of Sect. 14. 
 Dublin, by the persons who are at the time of 
 the passing of this Act Dublin revising barris- 
 ters, and as respects the parliamentary county of 
 Dublin by the person who is at the time of the 
 passing of this Act revising barrister for that 
 county ; but while those powers are so exercised, 
 the provisions of this Act as to county courts 
 shall apply to those persons as they apply to 
 county courts, with the necessary modifications, 
 and in particular with the modification that assis- 
 tant judges may be appointed to assist those 
 persons if in the opinion of the Lord Chancellor 
 such appointment is necessary in order to enable 
 the appeals to be disposed of with proper dispatch. " 
 
 15. (1) Any expenses properly incurred Expenses of 
 
 , \ '. , . J . ^ ^ J f registration. 
 
 by a registration officer in the performance 
 of his duties in relation to registration, 
 including all proper and reasonable charges 
 for trouble, care and attention in the per- 
 formance of those duties, and any costs 
 incurred by him as party to an appeal (in 
 this Act referred to as "registration ex- 
 penses ") shall be paid by the council whose 
 clerk the registration officer is, or by whom 
 he is appointed, subject, in cases where the 
 registration area is not coterminous with or 
 wholly contained in the area of that council, 
 to such contributions by the council of any 
 other county or borough as the Local Go- 
 vernment Board may direct. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Se <*- lft Any such expenses shall be paid in the 
 case of the council of a county out of the 
 county fund, and if the case requires as 
 expenses for special county purposes, and in 
 the case of a council of a borough out of the 
 borough fund or borough rate, or, where 
 there is no borough fund or borough rate, 
 out of the fund or rate out of which the 
 ordinary expenses of the council of the 
 borough are paid. 
 
 (2) The Treasury may frame a scale of 
 registration expenses applicable to all or any 
 class or classes of those expenses, and may 
 alter the scale as and when they think fit. 
 
 Any expenses incurred by the registration 
 officer of a class to which the scale is applic- 
 able shall be taken to be properly incurred 
 if they do not exceed the maximum amount 
 determined by or in accordance with the 
 scale, and so far as they do exceed that 
 amount shall be taken not to have been 
 properly incurred unless the excess is 
 specially sanctioned by the council and the 
 Treasury either before or after the expenses 
 have been incurred. 
 
 If any question arises whether any ex- 
 penses incurred by the registration officer of 
 a class to which the scale is not applicable 
 have been properly incurred or not, that 
 question shall be referred to the Local 
 
KEGISTRATION EXPENSES. 141 
 
 Government Board, and the decision of the seot ** 
 Board on the question shall be final. 
 
 (3) Any fees or other sum received by the 
 registration officer in respect of his duties as 
 such officer, other than sums paid to that 
 officer in respect of his registration expenses, 
 shall be accounted for by that officer and 
 paid to the credit of the fund or rate out of 
 which the expenses of that officer are paid. 
 
 (4) There shall be paid out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament to the council of 
 any county or borough in aid of the fund or 
 rate out of which any registration expenses 
 are paid by the council, in accordance with 
 this Act, one half of the amount so paid by 
 the council. 
 
 (5) On the request of the registration 
 officer of any registration area for an ad- 
 vance on account of registration expenses, 
 the council whose clerk the registration 
 officer is may, if they think fit, make such 
 an advance to him of such amount and 
 subject to such conditions as the council 
 may approve. 
 
 in the performance of his duties. As to what 
 are the duties of the registration officer, see sect. 
 13, pp. 133 134, supra, and First Schedule, pp. 
 339357, infra. 
 
 as party to an appeal. See sect. 14, pp. 135 
 137, and 137138, supra. 
 
14$ REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect is registration area. See sect. 12 ( 1), p. 1 30, supra. 
 
 For the scale of registration expenses men- 
 tioned in sub-section (2), see pp. 610 612, infra. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (3) above, any 
 fees or other sum received by the registration 
 officer in respect of his duties as such officer, 
 other than sums paid to that officer in respect of 
 his registration expenses, the fees here referred 
 to are those mentioned in Rules 28 and 33 of the 
 Registration Rules (y\ and Rule 8 of the Third 
 Schedule (z). For the amount of such fees, see 
 Order in Council, June 4th, 1918, rule 2, p. 748, 
 and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. 
 
 Application The first sub-section of sect. 15 does not apply 
 to Scotland, and in lieu thereof the provisions of 
 sect. 43 (II) (a) are applicable. These provisions 
 are as follows : 
 
 " Any expenses properly incurred by any re- 
 gistration officer in the performance of his duties 
 in relation to registration, including all proper 
 and reasonable charges for trouble, care, and 
 attention in the performance of those duties and 
 any cost incurred by him as party to an appeal 
 (in this Act referred to as ' registration expenses '), 
 shall be paid by the council appointing the regis- 
 tration officer. Provided that, where a burgh 
 within the meaning of the Local Government 
 (Scotland) Act, 1889, is not a separate registra- 
 tion area, the council thereof shall pay to the 
 council appointing the registration officer a con- 
 tribution towards the registration expenses, and 
 
 (/) See pp. 350, 351, infra. 
 
 (z) See p. 360, infra. 
 
 (a) See pp. 319, 320, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 143 
 
 sub-section (4) of section sixty and section sixty- Sect. l. 
 six of that Act shall apply, with the necessary 
 modifications, to such contribution. The amount 
 necessary to defray any registration expenses or 
 any contribution thereto, as the case may be 
 shall be assessed and levied in any one of the 
 modes allowed by the Valuation Acts with re- 
 spect to the costs and expenses of making up the 
 valuation roll." 
 
 In its application to Ireland, sect. 15 is subject Application 
 to the modifications enacted by sect. 44 (3) (a) 
 (b) (b) of the Act. Sect, 44 (3) (a) (b) is as 
 follows : 
 
 " (a) The clerk of the crown and peace for 
 an administrative county, not being a county 
 borough, shall be the registration officer for any 
 parliamentary county which is coterminous with, 
 or the whole or greater part of which is contained 
 in, the administrative county, and for any parlia- 
 mentary borough of which the whole or greater 
 part is contained in the administrative county and 
 no part is contained in a county borough, and the 
 clerk of the crown and peace for a county borough 
 shall be the registration officer for any parlia- 
 mentary borough which is coterminous with, or 
 the whole or any part of which is contained in, 
 the county borough, and the council of that ad- 
 ministrative county or county borough, as the 
 case may be, shall be the council by which the 
 registration expenses of that registration officer 
 are to be paid, subject in cases where the parlia- 
 
 (b) See pp. 327329, infra. 
 
144: BEPKE8ENTAT10N OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 15. mentary county or parliamentary borough is not 
 coterminous with, or wholly contained in, the 
 administrative county or county borough, as the 
 case may be, to such contribution by the council 
 of any other administrative county or county 
 borough as the Local Government Board may 
 direct : Provided that the registration expenses 
 to be paid by a council shall not include any 
 charges for trouble, care, and attention, in the 
 performance of duties which are performed by 
 the registration officer in person : Provided also 
 that the persons who, at the passing of this Act, 
 are town clerks for the county borough of Dublin 
 and the county borough of Belfast, respectively, 
 shall, so long as they hold their respective offices, 
 be the registration officers for the parliamentary 
 borough of Dublin and the parliamentary borough 
 of Belfast, respectively, and that the last pre- 
 ceding proviso shall not apply in their case. 
 
 tt 
 
 (b) The registration expenses shall be paid in 
 the case of the council of a county borough, out of 
 the rate or fund out of which the general expenses 
 of the council are paid, or out of any other rate 
 or fund which the Local Government Board may 
 on the application of the council approve, and, in 
 the case of a council of any other administrative 
 county, out of the poor rate as a county at large 
 charge, except in cases to which section twelve 
 of the Parliamentary Registration (Ireland) Act, 
 1885, applies." 
 
 It will be noticed that the proviso in the above 
 sub-section introduces a material difference in the 
 
PROVISIONS AS TO URBAN DISTRICTS AND LONDON. 145 
 
 meaning of the words u expenses properly incurred Sect. is. 
 by the registration officer " as compared with the 
 meaning of these words in sect. 15 (1). 
 
 " Local Government Board" throughout the 
 sub-section just quoted means the Local G-overn- 
 ment Board for Ireland (<?). 
 
 As to the words " except in cases to which 
 section twelve of the Parliamentary Registration 
 (Ireland) Act, 1885, applies," that section enacts 
 that the commissioners of the townships of Pem- 
 broke and Blackrock shall make certain contribu- 
 tions to the treasurer of the Corporation of Dublin 
 in respect of the registration expenses incurred 
 by the Corporation. 
 
 The provisions of sect. 44 (6), set out on pp. 331, 
 332, infra, should also be noticed. 
 
 16. (1) Where an urban district is co- special F ro- 
 terminous with a registration area which is 
 a parliamentary borough or is wholly con- 
 
 tained in such area, this Part of this Act 
 shall apply to that district as it applies to a 
 municipal borough, with the substitution of 
 the clerk of the urban district council for 
 the town clerk, of the urban district council 
 for the council of the borough, of the general 
 district rate for the borough fund or borough 
 rate, and of the chairman of the council for 
 the mayor. 
 
 (2) Any reference to a municipal borough 
 
 (c) See sect. 44 (2), p. 327, infra. 
 
 F. 10 
 
146 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 16. i n this Part of this Act shall include a re- 
 ference to a metropolitan borough and the 
 City of London, with the substitution, as 
 respects a metropolitan borough, of the clerk 
 of the metropolitan borough council for the 
 town clerk, and of the metropolitan borough 
 council for the council of the municipal 
 borough, and as respects the City of Lon- 
 don, of the Secondary for the town clerk 
 and of the common council for the council 
 of the municipal borough. 
 
 Any registration expenses of a metro- 
 politan borough council shall be paid as 
 general expenses of the council, and any 
 expenses of the common council shall be 
 paid out of the general rate. 
 
 NOTE. registration area. This is defined in 
 sect. 12 (1), p. 130, supra. 
 
 The effect of sub-section (1) above is as fol- 
 lows : The registration officer for the registration 
 area contemplated by such sub-section is the clerk 
 of the urban district council (d). 
 
 The registration expenses of the registration 
 officer shall be paid by the urban district council 
 out of the general district rate (e). 
 
 In the event of any vacancy in the office of 
 any clerk of the urban district council who is 
 registration officer, or in the event of his inca- 
 
 (d) See sect. 12 (2), p. 130, supra. 
 
 (e) See sect, 15 (1), pp. 139, 140, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION OF FREEMAN. 147 
 
 pacity to act, any acts authorised or required to Sect. le. 
 be done by or with respect to the registration 
 officer may be done by or with respect to any 
 person temporarily appointed in that behalf by 
 the chairman of the council (/). 
 
 Sect. 16 (1) does not apply to Ireland (g). 
 
 As to sub-section (2), see sect. 12 (2), p. 130, 
 supra. 
 
 17. (1) A freeman of the City of London, special pro- 
 being a liveryman of one of the several com- registration 
 panies who is entitled to be registered as a &c. 
 parliamentary elector in respect of a busi- 
 ness premises qualification within the city, 
 shall be entitled, if he thinks fit, to be 
 entered in a separate list of liverymen in the 
 register of parliamentary electors, and to 
 record his vote for Parliament as a liVery- 
 man. 
 
 (2) The foregoing provision shall apply to 
 the freemen of any borough if the council 
 of the borough so resolve, and the expression 
 "freemen" shall include any persons by what- 
 ever name called enjoying in that borough 
 rights similar to those enjoyed by freemen 
 of the city of London in that city. 
 
 NOTE. It will be observed that the right of a 
 freeman of the City of London to be registered 
 and to vote is limited to such freemen as are 
 
 (/) See sect. 12 (4), p. 131, supra, 
 (g) See sect. 44 (10), pp. 333, 334, infra. 
 10(2) 
 
148 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 17. liverymen of one of the several companies and 
 are entitled to be registered as parliamentary 
 electors in respect of a business premises quali- 
 fication (g) within the City. 
 
 It is evident, therefore, that no freeman who 
 is not entitled to be registered as a parliamentary 
 elector in respect of a business premises qualifica- 
 tion within the City is entitled to be registered 
 or vote as a liveryman. The same observation 
 is applicable to freemen of any borough under 
 sect. 17 (2). 
 
 The right to vote as a freeman is alternative to 
 that of voting in respect of a business premises 
 qualification. 
 
 Compensa- 
 tion to exist- 
 ing officers. 
 
 51 & 52 Viet, 
 c. 41. 
 
 18. Every person who is an assistant over- 
 seer at the time of the passing of this Act, 
 and who suffers any direct pecuniary loss in 
 consequence of this Act, shall be entitled to 
 have compensation paid to him as registra- 
 tion expenses by the council responsible for 
 the payment of registration expenses, and 
 in determining such compensation 
 
 (a) regard shall be had to the conditions 
 and other circumstances required 
 by sub-section (1) of section one 
 hundred and twenty of the Local 
 Government Act, 1888, in regard 
 to cases of compensation under that 
 section ; and 
 
 (y] See pp. 2437, supra. 
 
COMPENSATION TO EXISTING OFFICERS. 
 
 (b) the compensation shall not exceed the Sect - 18 - 
 
 limit therein mentioned ; and 
 
 (c) the expression in sub-section (1) of 
 
 that section "The Acts and rules 
 relating to Her Majesty's Civil Ser- 
 vice " shall mean the Acts and rules 
 relating to His Majesty's Civil Ser- 
 vice which were in operation at the 
 date of the passing of the Local 
 Government Act, 1888 ; and 
 
 (d) the provisions of sub -sections (2) to 
 
 (7) of the same section shall apply 
 with such modifications (includ- 
 ing the substitution of the "Local 
 Government Board " for the "Trea- 
 sury ") as may be required, and 
 including in sub-section (2) the 
 substitution of the words " next 
 before the thirtieth day of Sep- 
 tember, nineteen hundred and four- 
 teen " for the words " next before 
 the passing of this Act." 
 In this section the expression " assistant 
 overseer " includes any person executing any 
 of the duties of overseer, and receiving pay- 
 ment therefor. 
 
 NOTE. direct pecuniary loss. In interpret- 
 ing these words, in view of the later language 
 of this section, regard must be had to the con- 
 ditions and other circumstances required by sub- 
 
150 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, is. section (1) of sect. 120 of the Local Government 
 " Act, 1888. Sub-section (1) of sect. 120 of the 
 last-mentioned Act, together with sub-sections (2) 
 to (7) of sect. 120, which are referred to in sect. 
 18 of the present Act in connection with the 
 compensation payable under this section, are as 
 follows : 
 
 "(1) Every existing officer declared by this 
 Act to be entitled to compensation, and every 
 other existing officer, whether before mentioned 
 in this Act or not, who by virtue of this Act, or 
 anything done in pursuance of or in consequence 
 of this Act, suffers any direct pecuniary loss by 
 abolition of office or by diminution or loss of fees 
 or salary, shall be entitled to have compensation 
 paid to him for such pecuniary loss by the county 
 council, to whom the powers of the authority, 
 whose officer he was, are transferred under this 
 Act, regard being had to the conditions on which 
 his appointment was made, to the nature of his 
 office or employment, to the duration of his ser- 
 vice, to any additional emoluments which he 
 acquires by virtue of this Act or of anything 
 done in pursuance of or in consequence of this 
 Act, and to the emoluments which he might have 
 acquired if he had not refused to accept any office 
 offered by any council or other body acting under 
 this Act, and to all the other circumstances of the 
 case, and the compensation shall not exceed the 
 amount which, under the Acts and rules relating 
 to Her Majesty's Civil Service (h), is paid to a 
 person on abolition of office. 
 
 (/O See p. 153, infra. 
 
COMPENSATION TO EXISTING OFFICERS. 1 
 
 "(2) Every person who is entitled to compen- Sect. 18. 
 sation, as above mentioned, shall deliver to the 
 county council a claim under his hand setting 
 forth the whole amount received and expended 
 by him or his predecessors in office, in every year 
 during the period of five years next before the 
 passing of this Act, on account of the emoluments 
 for which he claims compensation, distinguishing 
 the offices in respect of which the same have been 
 received, and accompanied by a statutory de- 
 claration under the Statutory Declaration Act, 
 1835, that the same is a true statement according 
 to the best of his knowledge, information, and 
 belief. 
 
 " (3) Such statement shall be submitted to the 
 county council, who shall forthwith take the same 
 into consideration, and assess the just amount of 
 compensation (if any), and shall forthwith inform 
 the claimant of their decision. 
 
 u (4) If a claimant is aggrieved by the refusal 
 of the county council to grant any compensation, 
 or by the amount of the compensation assessed, 
 or if not less than one-third of the members of 
 such council subscribe a protest against the amount 
 of the compensation as being excessive, the claim- 
 ant or any subscriber to such protest (as the case 
 may be) may, within three months after the deci- 
 sion of the council, appeal to the Treasury, who 
 shall consider the case and determine whenever 
 any compensation, and, if so, what amount ought 
 to be granted to the claimant, and such determi- 
 nation shall be final. 
 
 "(5) Any claimant under this section, if so 
 
.REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 18. required by any member of the county council, 
 shall attend at a meeting of the council and 
 answer upon oath, which any justice present may 
 administer, all questions asked by any member 
 of the council touching the matters set forth in 
 his claim, and shall further produce all books, 
 papers, and documents in his possession or under 
 his control relating to' such claim. 
 
 "(6) The sum payable as compensation to any 
 person in pursuance of this section shall com- 
 mence to be payable at the date fixed by the 
 council on granting compensation, or, in case of 
 appeal, by the Treasury, and shall be a specialty 
 debt due to him from the county council, and may 
 be enforced accordingly in like manner as if the 
 council had entered into a bond to pay the same. 
 
 " (7) If a person receiving compensation in 
 pursuance of this section is appointed to any office 
 under the same or any other county council, or 
 by virtue of this Act, or anything done in pur- 
 suance of or in consequence of this Act, receives 
 any increase of emoluments of the office held by 
 him, he shall not, while receiving the emoluments 
 of that office, receive any greater amount of his 
 compensation, if any, than, with the emoluments 
 of the said office, is equal to the emoluments for 
 which compensation was granted to him, and if 
 the emoluments of the office he holds are equal to 
 or greater than the emoluments for which com- 
 pensation was granted, his compensation shall be 
 suspended while he holds such office." 
 
 The words in sub-sect. (1) of sect. 120 set out 
 above, " the Acts and rules relating to Her 
 
REGISTER FOR UNIVERSITY CONSTITUENCIES. 
 
 Majesty's Civil Service," are, by sect. 18 (c) of the Sect, is. 
 present Act, to be read as the Acts and rules 
 relating to His Majesty's Civil Service which 
 were in operation at the date of the passing 
 of the Local Government Act, 1888. These 
 Acts are the Superannuation Act, 1859, and the 
 Superannuation Act, 1884. 
 
 rules relating to His Majesty's Civil Service. 
 It would seem that these words must refer to 
 the practice of the Treasury (') in awarding com- 
 pensation in cases of abolition of office, as there 
 is no express power given by any statute for the 
 making of such rules (i). x 
 
 The words, u next before the passing of this 
 Act," in sub-sect. (2) of sect. 120 of the Local 
 Government Act, 1888, set out above are, by 
 sect. 18 (d) of the present Act, to be read as " next 
 before the 30th day of September, 1914," and 
 the word " Treasury," which occurs in sub-sects. 
 (4) and (6) of sect. 120, set out above, is to be 
 read as " Local Government Board." 
 
 As to the meaning of the expression " assistant 
 overseer" in Ireland, see sect. 44 (?)(/). 
 
 19. The foregoing pro visions of this Part (#) Register for 
 
 . i T? i university 
 
 oi this Act shall not apply to university con- constitu- 
 
 enoies. 
 
 stituencies, but the governing body of every 
 university forming, or forming part of, a 
 university constituency shall cause a register 
 
 (t) As to this practice, and the principles governing the grant of 
 compensation, see Encyclopaedia of Local Government Law, edited 
 by Joshua Scholefield, vol. II. , pp. 304308, Butterworth & Co. , 1906. 
 
 (j) See p. 332, infra. 
 
 (k) i.e., Part II., ss. 1119. 
 
154 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect 19 to be kept in such form and made up, if 
 desired, to such dates as they may direct, of 
 persons entitled to vote in respect of a quali- 
 fication at their university, and shall make 
 the register available for the purpose of uni- 
 versity elections for the constituency, and 
 shall on the application of any person allow 
 that person at all reasonable times to inspect 
 and take extracts from the said register : 
 
 Provided that the governing body may 
 direct that a person who before the passing 
 of this Act has received a degree, but was 
 not entitled to vote in respect thereof, shall 
 have no right to be registered unless he 
 makes a claim for the purpose. 
 
 The governing body of any such university 
 may charge such fee as they think fit, not 
 exceeding one pound, in respect of registra- 
 tion to any person who receives a degree at 
 their university after the passing of this Act, 
 or who has received a degree before the pass- 
 ing of this Act but was not entitled to vote 
 in respect thereof. 
 
 NOTE. University constituencies. A list of 
 university constituencies in Great Britain is given 
 in the Ninth Schedule, Part III. See p. 554, infra. 
 persons entitled to vote in respect of a quali- 
 fication at their university. See pp. 37 40, 
 73 75, supra. 
 "As to the last paragraph in the above section, 
 
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 155 
 
 it may be pointed out that no power is given to Sect. 19. 
 the governing body of a university which does 
 not admit women to degrees, i.e. Oxford or Cam- 
 bridge, to charge any fee to women who have 
 passed the final examination and kept the neces- 
 sary residence and who thereby qualify for the 
 franchise at such university (&). 
 
 The last paragraph of this section does not 
 apply to Scotland, but by sect. 43 (15) special 
 provisions are substituted for it (/). 
 
 PART III. 
 METHOD AND COSTS OF ELECTIONS. 
 
 [Sections 2036.] 
 20. (1) At a contested election for a Proportional 
 
 university constituency, 1 where there are two i 
 or more members to be elected, any election 
 of the full number of members shall be ac- 
 cording to the principle of proportional 
 representation, 2 each elector having one 
 transferable vote 2 as defined by this Act. 
 
 (2) (a) His Majesty may appoint Com- 
 missioners to prepare as soon as may be after 
 the passing of this Act a scheme under which 
 as nearly as possible one hundred members 
 shall be elected to the House of Commons 
 
 1 See p. 157, infra. '- See pp. 158160, infra. 
 
 (&) See sect. 4 (2), p. 64, supra. 
 (/) See pp. 322, 323, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 20. at a general election on the principle of pro- 
 portional representation for constituencies 
 in Great Britain returning three or more 
 members. 
 
 (b) The number of members of the House 
 of Commons as fixed under this Act shall 
 not be increased by any such scheme. For 
 the purpose of such scheme the Commis- 
 sioners shall (after holding such local in- 
 quiries as they may deem necessary) combine 
 into single constituencies, returning not less 
 than three nor more than seven members, 
 such of the areas fixed as constituencies in 
 the Ninth Schedule to this Act as they may 
 select, but in selecting those areas they shall 
 have regard to the advisability of applying 
 the principle of proportional representation' 2 
 both to town and country. 
 
 (c) The scheme so prepared by the Com- 
 missioners shall be laid before both Houses 
 of Parliament, and if both Houses by reso- 
 lution adopt the scheme, the scheme shall, 
 with any modifications or additions which 
 may be agreed to by both Houses, take effect 
 as if it were enacted in this Act, and the 
 constituencies fixed under the scheme shall 
 be substituted, so far as necessary, for the con- 
 stituencies fixed under the Ninth Schedule 
 to this Act. 
 
 2 See pp. 158160, infra. 
 
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 157 
 
 (d) In any such constituency any contested sect. 20. 
 election of the full number of members shall 
 
 be according to the principle of proportional 
 representation, 2 each elector having one trans- 
 ferable vote"' as defined by this Act. 
 
 (e) His Majesty may by Order in Council 
 make any adaptation of the provisions of 
 this Act as to the machinery of registration 
 or election which may appear to him to be 
 necessary in consequence of the adoption of 
 the scheme. 
 
 (3) His Majesty may by Order in Council ss 
 frame regulations prescribing the method of 
 voting, and transferring and counting votes, 
 at any election, according to the principle of 
 the transferable vote 2 and for adapting the 
 provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872, and any 
 other Act relating to parliamentary elections 
 thereto, and with respect to the duties of 
 returning officers in connection therewith; 
 and any such regulations shall have effect 
 as if they were enacted in this Act. 
 
 (4) Nothing contained in this Act shall, 
 except as expressly provided therein, affect 
 the method of conducting parliamentary 
 elections in force at the time of the passing 
 of this Act. 
 
 NOTE. As to sub-section (1) university con- 
 
 2 See pp. 158160, infra. 
 
158 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 20. stituency. A list of university constituencies, 
 together with the number of members returned 
 by each, is given in the Ninth Schedule, Part III., 
 p. 554, infra. 
 
 the principle of proportional representation. 
 The object of proportional representation is to 
 effect the representation of parties in proportion 
 to their strength at the polls and to secure the 
 adequate representation of minorities. Of the 
 many existing systems devised to achieve this 
 result that known as the transferable vote has 
 been adopted in the present Act. 
 
 The " transferable vote" is defined by sect. 
 41 (6) as u a vote (a) capable of being given so 
 as to indicate the voter's preference for the can- 
 didates in order ; and (b) capable of being trans- 
 ferred to the next choice when the vote is not 
 required to give a prior .choice the necessary 
 quota of votes, or when, owing to the deficiency 
 in the number of the votes given for a prior 
 choice, that choice is eliminated from the list of 
 candidates." 
 
 The transferable vote system is shortly ex- 
 plained in the Report of the Royal Commission 
 on Systems of Election (published in 1910) as 
 follows : 
 
 " Constituencies return several members. 
 
 " The elector votes by placing the figure 1 
 opposite the name of the candidate he likes best, 
 and is invited to place the number 2 opposite the 
 name of his second choice, the number 3 opposite 
 his third choice, and so on, numbering as many 
 candidates as he pleases. 
 
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 159 
 
 " The Returning Officer ascertains the result of Sect. 20. 
 the election as follows : 
 
 " (1} He counts each ballot paper as one vote 
 to the candidate marked 1 thereon ; he 
 also counts the total number of votes. 
 
 41 (2) He ascertains the quota. The quota is 
 the smallest number which will ensure 
 the return of a candidate, whatever com- 
 bination be made of the other votes 
 given in the election. This figure will 
 be obtained by dividing the votes cast 
 by the number of seats to be filled plus 
 one, and adding one to the result." 
 For example, in a constituency with 100 
 electors returning two members the quota 
 
 will be + 1 = 34, a number which 
 
 ~\~ 1 
 
 can only be obtained by two candidates. 
 
 41 (3) He declares elected the candidates who 
 have received the quota. 
 
 *' (4) He transfers in strict proportions the 
 surplus votes of those candidates who 
 have received more than the quota, and 
 credits them to the unelected candidates 
 indicated by the figures 2, 3, and so on, 
 as the next preferences of the electors 
 whose votes are transferred. 
 
 " (5) He declares elected those candidates who, 
 after the transfer of surplus votes, have 
 obtained the quota. 
 
 " (6) He eliminates the candidates lowest on 
 the poll one after another by transferring 
 their votes in accordance with the wishes 
 
160 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 20. of their supporters to the candidates 
 
 indicated as next preferences. This 
 process is continued until the required 
 number of candidates, having each ob- 
 tained the quota, have been declared 
 elected, or the number of candidates 
 not eliminated is reduced to the number 
 of seats still vacant, in which event the 
 candidates not eliminated are declared 
 elected." 
 
 On pp. 718736, infra, will be found the " Draft 
 Rules prescribing the method of voting and 
 transferring and counting Votes at any election 
 according to the principle of the Single Trans- 
 ferable Vote." These Draft Rules were presented 
 to Parliament in 1917 whilst the provisions of 
 the present Act were under discussion in the 
 House of Commons, and although they have no 
 statutory force, they explain in detail the working 
 of the system of the transferable vote. 
 
 The Draft Rules were intended to apply only 
 to constituencies other than university constitu- 
 encies, so that in considering them in relation to 
 sub-section (1) they will require modification. 
 It is nevertheless thought that they may be use- 
 fully referred to as explaining the application of 
 the system of the transferable vote. 
 
 As to sub-section (2). The scheme mentioned in 
 sub-section (2) (a), (b) and (c), was in accordance 
 with the provisions of sub-section (2) (c) laid 
 before Parliament, but was, on May 13th, 1918, 
 rejected by the House of Commons. With the 
 
POLLS TO BE ON ONE DAY AT GENERAL ELECTION. 161 
 
 exception, therefore, of contested elections for Sect. 20. 
 university constituencies, no elections will be 
 held according to the principle of proportional 
 representation. 
 
 As to tub-section (3). The Order in Council 
 there referred to has not, at the time of going to 
 press, been made. 
 
 21. (1) At a general election all polls Poiis to be 
 shall be held on one day, and the day fixed day at n a n< 
 
 for receiving nominations shall be the same n, & c . 
 in all constituencies, and accordingly the 
 First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, shall 
 be modified as shown in Part I. of the Second 
 Schedule to this Act. 
 
 In the case of a bye-election, the poll 
 shall take place on such day as the returning 
 officer may appoint, not being less than four 
 or more than eight clear days after the day 
 fixed for nomination, and the First Schedule 
 to the Ballot Act, 1872, shall be modified 
 accordingly. 
 
 (2) Official telegraphic information of 
 the writ having been issued for a parliamen- 
 tary election may be given in such cases and 
 by such persons as may be directed by His 
 Majesty in Council, and any steps for hold- 
 ing an election which may be taken on or 
 after the receipt of the writ may be taken 
 
 F. 11 
 
162 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 21. on or after the receipt of an official telegraphic 
 intimation of the writ having been issued. 
 
 (3) The time appointed for the meeting 
 of the Parliament may be any time not less 
 than twenty clear days after the proclamation 
 
 is & ic vict summoning the Parliament ; and the Meet- 
 ing of Parliament Act, 1852, is hereby re- 
 pealed. 
 
 (4) Nothing in this section shall 
 
 (a) affect the provisions of section one 
 
 of the Ballot Act, 1872, relating 
 to the commencement afresh of 
 the proceedings with relation to 
 the election on the death of a 
 candidate, or apply to proceed- 
 ings so commenced afresh ; or 
 
 (b) apply to a university election. 
 
 NOTE. the day fixed for receiving nomi- 
 nations. As to this, see pp. 179, 180, infra. 
 
 the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 shall be modified as shown in Part I. of the 
 Second Schedule to this Act. The First Sche- 
 dule of the Ballot Act is set out on pp. 682 695, 
 infra. Part I. of the Second Schedule to the 
 present Act is as follows : 
 
 " The following provisions shall be inserted in 
 the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, after 
 Rules 2 and 14 respectively, that is to say: 
 
 4 2A. In an election of members to serve in a 
 new Parliament of the United King- 
 
POLLS TO BE ON ONE DAY AT GENERAL ELECTION. 163 
 
 dom the day fixed by the returning Sect. ai. 
 officer for the election [i.e., where 
 the election is contested, the day of 
 nomination (k) ] shall in all cases be 
 the eighth day after the date of His 
 Majesty's gracious Proclamation de- 
 claring the calling of the Parliament.' 
 ' 14A. In an election of members to serve in a 
 new Parliament of the United King- 
 dom, the day appointed by the re- 
 turning officer for the poll (/) shall in 
 all cases be the ninth day after the 
 day fixed for the election. J ' 
 
 As to the second paragraph of sub-section (1) of 
 sect. 2 1 set out above, the part of the First Schedule 
 to the Ballot Act, 1872, which is modified by such 
 second paragraph is Rule 14 (m) of Part I. of such 
 Schedule, which deals with the day on which the 
 poll shall take place. 
 
 As to the words in tub-section (2), any steps for 
 holding an election which may be taken on or 
 after the receipt of the writ, see pp. 179, 180, 
 infra, and Ballot Act, First Schedule, Rules 
 1 13(). 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (4), the provisions 
 of section one of the Ballot Act, 1872, relating 
 to the commencement afresh of the proceedings 
 with relation to the election on the death of a 
 
 (k} As to this, see p. 179, infra. 
 
 (1} As to " the day appointed for the poll," see p. 179, infra, 
 (m) Set out on p. 685, infra. 
 (j Set out on pp. 682684, infra. 
 11 (<!) 
 
164 
 
 Sect. 21. 
 
 Penalty for 
 voting at a 
 general elec- 
 tion in more 
 constitu- 
 encies than 
 allowed. 
 46 & 47 Viet, 
 c. 51. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 candidate, see pp. 672, 673, infra, where sect. 1 of 
 the Ballot Act is set out. 
 
 As to a university election, see pp. 279 
 281, infra. 
 
 22. (1) If any person at a general elec- 
 tion votes for more constituencies than he is 
 entitled to vote for in accordance with this 
 Act, 1 or asks for a ballot or voting paper for 
 the purpose of so voting, he shall be guilty 
 of an illegal practice within the meaning of 
 the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention 
 Act, 1883 2 ; and the expression "illegal 
 practice "' shall be construed accordingly : 
 Provided that 
 
 (a) the court before whom a person is 
 
 convicted under this section may, if 
 they think it just in the special 
 circumstances of the case, mitigate 
 or entirely remit any incapacity 
 imposed by section ten of the Cor- 
 rupt and Illegal Practices Preven- 
 tion Act, 1883 3 ; and 
 
 (b) the fact that any person has asked for 
 
 a ballot paper in a constituency in 
 circumstances which entitle him 
 only to mark a tendered ballot paper 
 in pursuance of Rule 27 of the First 
 
 1 See p. 166, infra. * See p. 166, infra. 
 3 See p. 166, infra. 
 
PENALTY FOR VOTING TOO OFTEN. 165 
 
 Part of the First Schedule to the sect. 22. 
 Ballot Act, 1872, 4 shall not, if he 
 does not exercise that right, 5 pre- 
 vent his voting or asking for a ballot 
 or voting paper in another constitu- 
 ency; and 
 
 (c) the giving of a vote by a returning 
 officer in pursuance of section two 
 of the Ballot Act, 1872, 6 in the case 
 of an equality of votes, or the ask- 
 ing for a ballot paper for the purpose 
 of so voting, shall not, for the pur- 
 poses of this section, be deemed to 
 be the giving of a vote as a parlia- 
 mentary elector, or the asking for 
 a ballot paper for the purpose of 
 so voting. 
 
 (2) The questions set out in Part II. of 
 the Second Schedule to this Act may be 
 asked of any voter at a poll at a general 
 election in addition to those authorised 
 already to be asked 7 ; and unless there is an 
 answer given in the negative, that person 
 (except as provided in that Schedule) shall 
 not vote. 8 
 
 NOTE. ,4s to the words in sub-section (1), if any 
 person at a general election votes for more 
 constituencies than he is entitled to vote for in 
 
 4 See p. 166, infra. ' See pp. 167172, infra. 
 
 5 See p. 166, infra. 8 See p. 172, infra. 
 
 6 See p. 167, infra. 
 
166 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 2fl. accordance with this Act. As to the number 
 of votes which a person is entitled to give at a 
 general election, see pp. 108 110, supra. 
 
 an illegal practice within the meaning of the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 
 1883. Under the last-mentioned Act the effect 
 of the commission by any person of an illegal 
 practice is that such person is, on summary con- 
 viction, liable to a fine not exceeding 100/., and 
 is incapable during a period of five years from 
 the date of his conviction of being registered as 
 a parliamentary or local government elector, or 
 of voting at any parliamentary or local govern- 
 ment election held for or within the county or 
 borough in which the illegal practice was com- 
 mitted (m). 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (1) (a), any in- 
 capacity imposed by section ten of the Corrupt 
 and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883. 
 The incapacity here referred to is that just 
 mentioned. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (!) (b), circum- 
 stances which entitle him only to mark a 
 tendered ballot paper in pursuance of Rule 27 
 of the First Part of the First Schedule to the 
 Ballot Act, 1872. As to this, see Rule 27 set out 
 on pp. 686, 687, infra. 
 
 if he does not exercise that right i.e. if being 
 entitled only to mark a tendered ballot paper he 
 (or she) does not mark it or give it to the pre- 
 siding officer. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (1) (c), the giving 
 
 (m) Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, SB. 10, 64. 
 
QUESTIONS AT POLL. 1< 
 
 of a vote by a returning officer in pursuance Sect 22 
 of section two of the Ballot Act, 1872. That " 
 part of sect. 2 of the Ballot Act which deals 
 with this matter is as follows : 
 
 " Where an equality of votes is found to exist 
 between any candidates at an election for a 
 county or borough, and the addition of a vote 
 would entitle any of such candidates to be de- 
 clared elected, the returning officer, if a registered 
 elector of such county or borough, may give such 
 additional vote, but shall not in any other case 
 be entitled to vote at an election for which he is 
 returning officer." 
 
 .4* to the words in sub-section (2), The questions 
 set out in Part II. of the Second Schedule to 
 this Act may be asked of any voter at a poll 
 at a general election in addition to those already 
 authorised to be asked. The following are the 
 questions set out in Part II. of the Second 
 Schedule (ri) to the present Act : 
 
 " 1. In the case of a man voting in respect of 
 a residence qualification 
 
 Have you already voted at this general 
 election in respect of a residence qualifica- 
 tion? 
 
 " 2. In the case of a man voting in respect of 
 a qualification other than a residence qualifica- 
 tion 
 
 Have you already voted at this general 
 election in respect of a qualification other 
 than a residence qualification ? 
 
 (n) See p. 358, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 22. " 3. In the case of a woman voting at an elec- 
 tion other than a university election 
 
 Have you already voted at this general 
 election ? 
 
 [NOTE. Unless the answer to the ques- 
 tion is in the negative the woman shall 
 not vote unless she satisfies the presiding 
 officer that her previous vote was given at 
 a university election.] " 
 
 The questions " already authorised to be asked" 
 are as follows : 
 
 lt 1. Are you the same person whose name ap- 
 pears as A. B. on the register of voters now in 
 force for the county of [or for the 
 
 riding, parts, or division of the county of 
 
 ], or for the city [or borough] of [as 
 
 the case may be~\ ? 
 
 " 2. Have you already voted, either here or else- 
 where, at this election for the county of [or 
 for the riding, parts, or division of 
 the county of ], or for the city [or borough] 
 of [as the case may le~\ ? " ( p). 
 
 If any person wilfully makes a false answer to 
 either of these last two questions he is guilty of a 
 misdemeanour, and shall and may be indicted 
 and punished accordingly (q) : and the returning 
 officer or his deputy shall, if required on behalf 
 of any candidate at the time of polling, administer 
 an oath to any voter in the following form (q) : 
 " You do swear [or affirm, as the case may be], 
 That you are the same person whose name ap- 
 
 (p) Parliamentary Voters Registration Act, 1843, e. 81. 
 Ibid. 
 
QUESTIONS AT POLL. 169 
 
 pears as A. B. on the register of voters now in Sect. 22 
 force for the county of [or for the 
 
 riding, parts, or division of the county 
 
 of ~] or for the city or borough of [as 
 
 the case may be], and that you have not before 
 voted, either here or elsewhere, at the present 
 election for the county of [or for the 
 
 riding, parts or division of the county of 
 
 ] or for the city or borough of [_as 
 
 the case may be]. So help you God." 
 
 The present Act does not provide for any penalty 
 in the case of a false answer to any of the ques- 
 tions set out in Part II. of the Second Schedule 
 to the present Act or for any oath to be ad- 
 ministered by the returning officer, but any per- 
 son who answered these questions falsely and 
 proceeded to vote would come within sect. 22 (1) 
 of the present Act and would therefore be guilty 
 of an illegal practice. 
 
 The meaning of the first of the above questions 
 under the heading of questions " already authorised 
 to be asked," and of the corresponding clause in 
 the oath, is not whether the person tendering his 
 vote is rightly named in the register as A. B., but 
 whether he is the person whom the name A. B. 
 was intended to designate there, so that George 
 Jones, if entered in the register as John Jones, 
 would be entitled to answer "Yes" to the ques- 
 tion, whilst anyone else, though actually named 
 John Jones, if he did so would be guilty of a 
 misdemeanour (r). 
 
 (r) R. v. Thwaites (1853), 1 E. & B. 704. See also First Schedule, 
 Rule 41, p. 353, infra. 
 
170 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 28. Thus in New Sarum(s\ William Morris was 
 entered on the register as John Morris. He 
 stated at the poll that his name was William 
 Morris, and the returning officer rejected his 
 vote on the ground that his name was not on the 
 register, but on appeal the Committee directed it 
 to be added to the poll. 
 
 The questions must be put precisely in the 
 form prescribed and no vote can be rejected 
 unless they have been so put(^). 
 
 The answers must be positive and unequivocal. 
 Therefore, if a voter, instead of answering u I 
 am," or, "I have not," or words to the same 
 effect, should say to the first question, " I think 
 so," or, "I should say I am" ; or to the second 
 question, " I don't think I have," or, u If I did I 
 should not come here," or give any similarly 
 evasive answer, the presiding officer (u) would be 
 j ustified in refusing to give him a ballot paper (x). 
 
 Where a voter to whom the questions, with or 
 without the oath, are put, then declines to answer, 
 but subsequently presents himself to vote and 
 offers to answer the questions and take the oath 
 if required, the better opinion seems to be that 
 the presiding officer ought to repeat the questions, 
 or administer the oath, with a view to allowing 
 him to vote (y). 
 
 () (1833), P. & K. 261 ; see also Oldham (1869), 1 O. & H. 152, 
 153. 
 
 (t) Canterbury (1835), K. & 0. 323, 326, 327. 
 
 (u) See Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, Part I., Rule 21, p. 685, 
 infra. 
 
 (x) Monmouth, K. & 0. 414; Taunton, Faulk. & Fitzh. 503. 
 
 (y) Gloucestershire (1777), Male on Elections, 113. 
 
QUESTIONS AT POLL. 171 
 
 Although they relate only to the questions Sect. 22. 
 " already authorised to be asked," it is submitted 
 that the decisions just referred to as to the neces- 
 sity for the questions being put precisely and for 
 the answers to be positive, and as to the repetition 
 of the questions at a later time when the voter in 
 the first instance declines to answer, would be 
 held to apply equally with respect to the ques- 
 tions (z) set out in Part II. of the Second Schedule 
 to the present Act. 
 
 There is no duty laid on the presiding officer 
 to put any of the questions set out above to every 
 voter who presents himself in the polling-booth, 
 but by sect. 81 of the Parliamentary Voters 
 Registration Act, 1843, "the returning officer or 
 his respective deputy shall, if required on behalf 
 of any candidate, put to any voter at the time of 
 his tendering his vote, and not afterwards," the 
 questions set out above (2) under the head of ques- 
 tions " already authorised to be asked " or either 
 of them. It is clear from the language of sect. 
 22 (2) of the present Act that this provision 
 in sect. 81 of the Parliamentary Voters Registra- 
 tion Act, 1843, is intended to apply to the 
 additional questions set out in Part II. of the 
 Second Schedule to the present Act. The putting 
 of these questions is the only inquiry permitted 
 at the time of polling as to the right of any 
 person to vote(). 
 
 and unless there is an answer given in the 
 negative, that person (except as provided in 
 
 (z) See pp. 167, 168, supra. 
 
 (a) Parliamentary Voters Eegistration Act, 1843, s. 81. 
 
72 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 22. that Schedule) shall not vote. As to the neces- 
 sity for the answer being positive and unequivocal, 
 see the observations just made on p. 170, supra, 
 under the preceding words of sect. 22 (2). The 
 words u except as provided in that Schedule" 
 refer to the Note to question 3, which is set out 
 on p. 168, supra. 
 
 Sect. 22 applies to university elections (b) with 
 the modifications required by sect. 36 (3) (a) (c). 
 But the provisions of sect. 22 (2) as to " the ques- 
 tions authorised already to be asked" have no 
 application to university elections, as those ques- 
 tions relate only to county or borough elections (d). 
 Further, by sect. 36 (1) the provisions contained 
 in the Fifth Schedule to the present Act apply to 
 university elections, and by such Schedule (e) the 
 voting paper is to be in a specified form, which 
 contains the declarations set out in Part II. of the 
 Second Schedule (/), such declaration being equi- 
 valent, in the case of university elections, to the 
 questions set out in Part II. of the Second 
 Schedule (/). 
 
 (ft) See sect. 36 (2), p. 279, infra. 
 
 (c) See pp. 279, 280, infra. 
 
 (d) It is submitted that the words " city " or 4i borough " in the 
 questions prescribed by the Parliamentary Voters Registration Act, 
 1843 (set out at p. 168, supra}, do not include a university constitu- 
 ency, as sect. 101 of that Act, which defines " city or borough" 
 as "any city, borough, town corporate, cinque port, district or 
 place . . . ," is repealed by the present Act. 
 
 (e) See Fifth Schedule, Part I., cl. 11, set out at p. 366, infra, 
 and form of voting paper set out at p. 372. infra ; as to Scottish 
 universities, see Part II. of the same Schedule, cl. 17, set out at 
 pp. 375, 376, infra, and form of voting paper set out at p. 383, infra. 
 
 (/) See p, 358, infra. 
 
VOTING BY ABSENT VOTERS. 
 
 23. (1) For the purpose of giving per- 
 sons whose names are entered on the absent voting by 
 
 absent voter*. 
 
 voters list 1 an opportunity of voting at a par- 
 liamentary election (other than a university 
 election), the returning officer shall, where 
 an election is contested, as soon as practi- 
 cable after the adjournment of the election, 2 
 send a ballot paper to each such person at 
 the address recorded by the registration 
 officer, 3 together with a declaration of iden- 
 tity in the prescribed form. 4 
 
 (2) The ballot paper marked by the absent 
 voter 5 and accompanied by the declaration 
 of identity 6 duly signed and authenticated 
 shall, if it is received by the returning officer 
 before the close of the poll, 7 be counted by 
 him and treated for all purposes in the same 
 manner as a ballot paper placed in the ballot 
 box in the ordinary manner. 8 
 
 (3) During the continuance of the present 
 war and a period of twelve months there- 
 after, for the purpose of allowing more time 
 for the receipt of ballot papers from persons 
 whose names are entered on the absent 
 voters list, His Majesty may by Order in 
 Council 9 direct that the counting of votes at 
 
 1 See pp. 177, 178, infra. 7 See p. 182, infra. 
 
 2 See pp. 178180, infra. 8 See pp. 182200, infra. 
 
 3 See p. 180, infra. 9 This Order in Council has 
 
 4 See p. 181, infra. not, at the date of going to 
 
 5 See pp. 181, 182, infra. press, been made. 
 
 6 See p. 181, infra. 
 
174 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect, 23. any elections to which the Order applies shall, 
 instead of taking place as soon as practicable 
 after the close of the poll, take place at such 
 time (not exceeding eight days after the 
 close of the poll) as may be fixed by the 
 Order, and returning officers shall comply 
 with any such direction ; and in any such 
 case any vote received by the returning 
 officer from an absent voter before the time 
 at which the votes are to be counted shall 
 be reckoned in the count. 
 
 4 ) The following special provisions 10 shall 
 apply for the purpose of enabling persons 
 whose names are entered on the absent voters 
 list to appoint voting proxies in certain 
 cases : 
 
 (a) His Majesty may by Order in Council 11 
 direct that voting by proxy by naval 
 or military voters shall be permitted 
 in any area on land abroad men- 
 tioned in the Order if it appears 
 to him that ballot papers sent to 
 that area by post cannot reasonably 
 be returned before the votes are 
 counted, and that the case cannot 
 be met by an Order under this 
 section postponing the counting of 
 votes : 12 
 
 10 See pp. 200202, infra. 
 
 11 This Order in Council will be found on p. 753, infra. 
 
 12 See pp. 200, 201, infra. 
 
VOTING BY ABSENT VOTERS. 175 
 
 (b) A person whose name is entered on Sect> 88 
 
 the absent voters list, if he satisfies 
 the registration officer 
 
 (i) that he is a naval or mili- 
 tary voter and is serving, or about 
 to serve, afloat or in any area on 
 land abroad in which voting by 
 proxy is permitted in pursuance 
 of an Order in Council made 
 under this section 13 ; or 
 
 (ii) that he is a merchant sea- 
 man, pilot, or fisherman (includ- 
 ing the master of a merchant 
 ship or fishing boat and an ap- 
 prentice on such a ship or boat) 
 and that there is a likelihood that 
 he will be at the time of a par- 
 liamentary election at sea or 
 about to go to sea 13 ; 
 shall be entitled, if he so desires, to 
 appoint a proxy, and, having ap- 
 pointed a proxy, to vote by proxy 
 at a parliamentary election in ac- 
 cordance with and subject to the 
 provisions of this Act 14 : 
 
 (c) No ballot paper shall be sent for the 
 
 purpose of voting by post to a per- 
 son who has appointed a proxy 
 under this provision while the ap- 
 
 13 See p. 201, infra. u See p. 202, infra. 
 
176 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 ^ poiiitment is in force, or to any 
 
 naval or military voter if the return- 
 ing officer knows that he is serving 
 in an area in which voting by proxy 
 is permitted in pursuance of an 
 Order in Council made under this 
 section 15 : 
 
 (d) The provisions set out in the Third 
 Schedule to this Act shall have 
 effect with respect to voting by 
 proxy. 15 
 
 (5) A person whose name is entered on 
 the absent voters list shall not be entitled 
 to vote except as an absent voter in pursu- 
 ance of this section. 16 
 
 (6) His Majesty may by Order in Council 17 
 prescribe the forms to be used for the pur- 
 poses of this section, and make regulations 
 as to the mode in which proxy papers may 
 be issued and cancelled and in which ballot 
 papers are to be sent to the voter for the 
 purpose of voting by post and as to the 
 authentication of any marked ballot papers, 
 and generally for the purpose of carrying 
 this section into effect and for preserving 
 the secrecy of voting in pursuance thereof. 18 
 
 NOTE. This section provides for the method 
 
 15 See p. 202, infra. 18 See pp. 202, 203, infra. 
 
 17 This Order will be found 011 p. 754 et seq. 
 
 18 See p. 203, infra. 
 
ABSENT VOTERS LIST. 177 
 
 of voting by absent voters at parliamentary elec- Sect. 23. 
 tions other than university elections (c). 
 
 As to sufr-sectwn (1). By sect. 13 (1) of the 
 present Act "it shall be the duty of the regis- 
 tration officer ... to place or cause to be placed 
 on the register in accordance with the rules set 
 out in the First Schedule to this Act the names 
 of those entitled to vote as parliamentary electors 
 ... in his registration area." 
 
 The rules in the First Schedule bearing directly 
 011 the provisions of sect. 23 (1) are rules 16 and 
 17 (J), which are as follows : 
 
 "16. Any person entitled to be registered as 
 a parliamentary elector may, not later than the 
 eighteenth day of February (e) where the claim is 
 for the spring register (/), and the eighteenth day 
 of August (e) where the claim is for the autumn 
 register (g), claim to be placed on the absent 
 voters list; and the registration officer, if satis- 
 fied that there is a probability that the claimant, 
 by reason of the nature of his occupation, service, 
 or employment, may be debarred from voting 
 at a poll at parliamentary elections held during 
 
 (c] As to voting by absent voters at university elections other 
 than Scottish university elections, see sect. 36 (1) and (3) (b), and 
 Fifth Schedule, Part I., cl. 12; as to such voting at Scottish 
 university elections, see sect. 36 (1) and (3) (b) and Fifth Schedule, 
 Part II., cl. 1723. 
 
 (d] See also rules 18 and 19 set out on p. 346, infra. 
 
 (e] It is important to notice that as regards the first register to 
 be prepared under the Act, 3 1st July is substitued for this date. 
 See Order in Council, dated June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, and 
 Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra. 
 
 (/) See pp. 125129, supra, 
 (g] See pp. 125129, mpra. 
 
 F. 12 
 
178 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. the time the register is in force, shall place the 
 claimant (if registered) on the absent voters list. 
 
 " 17. It shall be the duty of the registration 
 officer, without any claim being made for the 
 purpose, to place on the absent voters list any 
 naval or military voter (0), unless 
 
 (a) that person, not later than the eighteenth 
 
 day of February (k) as respects the spring 
 register, and the eighteenth day of Au- 
 gust (k) as respects the autumn register, 
 gives notice (I) to the registration officer 
 that he does not desire to be placed upon 
 that list ; or 
 
 (b) that person is registered, in pursuance of a 
 
 claim (m) for the purpose, for the con- 
 stituency in which he has an actual 
 residence qualification " (n). 
 
 It will be seen from the above rules that the 
 persons whose names are entered on the absent 
 voters list will be (i) any person entitled to be 
 registered as a parliamentary elector who claims 
 to be placed on the absent voters list and whose 
 claim the registration officer allows ; and (ii) any 
 person who being a naval or military voter (0) 
 does not fall within the exceptions mentioned in 
 rule 17 (a) and (b). 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (1), where an 
 
 (k) As regards the first register, 17th August is substituted for 
 this date. See p. 177, footnote (e), supra. 
 
 (1} No form of notice is prescribed. 
 
 (771) See p. 569, infra. 
 
 (n) See pp. 9193, supr-i. 
 
 (o) As to what constitutes a naval or military voter, see pp. 79 
 85, supra. 
 
MEANING OF u DAY OF ELECTION." 179 
 
 election is contested, as soon as practicable after sect. 23. 
 
 the adjournment of the election. It is of course 
 
 only where an election is contested that sect. 23 
 
 is applicable ; but in order to render the meaning 
 
 of this sub-section clear it is thought desirable to 
 
 state shortly the duty of the returning officer 
 
 with respect to the fixing of the day of election, 
 
 and, if the election be contested, the day of 
 
 taking the poll. 
 
 The expression " day of election " in the Ballot 
 Act, 1872, really means the day appointed for 
 the nomination of candidates (p). In the event 
 of there not being more candidates than there 
 are vacancies, such candidates are on such day 
 declared elected (q). If, on the other hand, there 
 are more candidates than there are vacancies, 
 i.e. if the election is contested, it is the duty of 
 the returning officer to adjourn the election for 
 the purpose of taking a poll (r). The day of 
 election in its popular sense is therefore the day 
 upon which the poll is taken (which in this Note 
 is hereafter called the day of the poll), and not 
 " the day of election " as used in the Ballot Act. 
 
 The " day of election " in the sense which it 
 bears in the Ballot Act (i.e., the day fixed for re- 
 ceiving nominations) is now, at a general election, 
 in all constituencies other than university constitu- 
 encies, the eighth day after the date of the procla- 
 
 (/>) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1, and First Schedule, Part L, rr. 1, 2 ; 
 and see sect. 21 (1) of the present Act (p. 161, supra], where what 
 is called in the Ballot Act " day of election " is described as above. 
 
 (q) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. 
 
 (r) Ibid., and First Schedule, Part I., r. 9. 
 
 12(2) 
 
180 . REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. mation declaring the calling of the new Parliament. 
 The day of the poll is now, at a general election, 
 the ninth day after the " day of election" (s). 
 
 At a bye-election, the "day of election" is, in 
 the case of an election for a county, such day as 
 the returning officer may fix, not later than the 
 ninth day after the day on which he receives the 
 writ, and, in the case of an election for a borough, 
 not later than the fourth day after the day on which 
 he receives the writ (), and the day of the poll is 
 such day as the returning officer may appoint, not 
 being less than four or more than eight clear days 
 after the day fixed as " the day of election " (u). 
 
 It follows from what is said above that the 
 period which elapses between the adjournment of 
 the election and the day of the poll is, in the case 
 of a general election, nine days, and, in the case 
 of a bye-election, not less than four or more than 
 eight days, The returning officer must send the 
 ballot paper to the absent voter as soon as prac- 
 ticable after the commencement of this period. 
 
 As to the words in sect. 23 (1). send a ballot 
 paper to each such person at the address re- 
 corded by the registration officer, rule 19 of the 
 Registration Rules provides that 
 
 " The registration officer shall keep a record of 
 any address which may be furnished to him by 
 any person placed on the absent voters list, or by 
 the Admiralty, Army Council, Air Council or 
 Board of Trade, as the address which is to be for 
 
 () See sect. 21, pp. 161 162, supra, and pp. 162 163. 
 (*) Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, Part I., r. 2. 
 (M) See sect. 21 (1), p. 161, supra, also Ballot Act, 1872, First 
 Schedule, Part I., r. 14. 
 
REGISTRATION OF NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 the time being the address of the voter for the Sect. 23. 
 purpose of the provisions relating to voting by 
 absent voters and, as soon as practicable, shall 
 cause instructions to be sent to the voter as to 
 the mode of voting under those provisions. 
 
 " The record of addresses shall be open to in- 
 spection under the same conditions that govern 
 the register " (x). 
 
 As to the words a declaration of identity in 
 the prescribed form, the word " prescribed " 
 means " prescribed by His Majesty by Order in 
 Council " (y), but up to the time of going to press 
 no form has been prescribed. 
 
 In order to assist the registration officer in the 
 registration of naval and military voters, rule 18 
 of the Registration Rules provides that 
 
 1 i The Admiralty, the Army Council, and the 
 Air Council, either directly or through officers 
 appointed by them, shall in the prescribed manner 
 furnish to the registration officers in the several 
 constituencies such information as to the names 
 and addresses of Naval and Military voters (z) and 
 such other particulars as may be necessary for the 
 purpose of their registration and of their voting 
 as such, and it shall be the duty of the Local 
 Government Board to render any assistance that 
 may be required by the Admiralty, the Army 
 Council, and the Air Council in conveying such 
 information to the registration officers : 
 
 " Provided that the Admiralty, Army Council, 
 
 () See Rule 27, p. 349, infra. 
 (V) See sect. 41 (11), p. 308, infra. 
 (z) See pp. 7985, supra. 
 
182 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. and Air Council shall not be required to supply 
 any particulars which in their declared opinion 
 would interfere with the proper conduct of the 
 
 war." 
 
 As to sub-sec lion (2). The ballot paper marked 
 by the absent voter. This, of course, refers to a 
 ballot paper (a) which has been sent to the 
 absent voter in pursuance of the provisions of 
 sect. 23(1). 
 
 As to the declaration of identity, see p. 181, 
 supra. 
 
 if it is received by the returning officer 
 before the close of the poll. By the First 
 Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, Part I., rule 32, 
 " the returning officer shall make arrangements for 
 counting the votes in the presence of the agents 
 of the candidates as soon as practicable after the 
 close of the poll." 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that subject to the 
 provisions of sub-sect. (3) the time allowed for an 
 absent voter to receive his ballot paper and return 
 it to the returning officer is very short (b). 
 
 be counted by him and treated for all pur- 
 poses in the same manner as a ballot paper 
 placed in the ballot box in the ordinary manner. 
 The procedure here referred to which the re- 
 turning officer must adopt with regard to the 
 counting of ballot papers is prescribed by the 
 second paragraph of sect. 2 of the Ballot Act, 
 1872, and rules 31 to 38 (c) of the First Schedule 
 
 (a) See also pp. 182200, infra. 
 
 (6) See Note on the meaning of the words ' ' as soon as practicable 
 after the adjournment of the election " on pp. 179 180, supra. 
 (c) Set out at pp. 687689, infra. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 
 
 to that Act. It will be seen that by rule 34 the Sect. 23 
 returning officer must mix the absent voters' 
 ballot papers with the other ballot papers before 
 counting the votes. 
 
 The only matter under these rules which appears 
 to call for special consideration here is that dealt 
 with by rule 36, which is as follows : 
 
 " The returning officer shall endorse ' rejected' 
 on any ballot paper which he may reject as invalid, 
 and shall add to the endorsement 4 rejection ob- 
 jected to,' if an objection be in fact made by any 
 agent to his decision. The returning officer shall 
 report to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery the 
 number of ballot papers rejected arid not counted 
 by him under the several heads of, 
 
 ' 4 ( 1 ) Want of official mark ; 
 
 Voting for more candidates than entitled 
 
 . 
 "(3) Writing or mark by which voter could be 
 
 identified ; 
 
 " (4) Unmarked or void for uncertainty ; 
 and shall on request allow any agents of the can- 
 didates, before such report is sent, to copy it." 
 
 " The questions here raised," said Lord Neaves 
 in Wig town (d\ "are important and delicate on 
 this account in particular, viz., that while a certain 
 form of exercising the franchise is pointed out in 
 the statute on the subject, some deviations from 
 the strict letter of the directions therein contained 
 may be so trifling as to be immaterial, while 
 others may be more serious, and thus may be 
 fatal. The merits of each vote, therefore, may 
 
 (>!} (1874), 2 0. & H. 220, 221. 
 
184 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. turn on questions of degree, which it is always 
 difficult to distinguish, as the one class may run 
 almost imperceptibly into the other. This is the 
 old puzzle as to how many grains of corn make a 
 heap, or at what stage a little tiling grows into a 
 big one. 
 
 " In this state of matters the important point 
 is to look to the great objects and principles of 
 the statute, and to take care that we do every- 
 thing necessary to follow these out, and nothing 
 that can defeat or endanger them. 
 
 " The great object in view, I take it, in the 
 Ballot Act is the double result of facility in the 
 exercise of the franchise and perfect secrecy as 
 to the vote of individual voters. This double 
 purpose is by the Act sought to be accomplished 
 by not allowing a vote to be given viva voce, as it 
 used to be, nor in writing (properly speaking), in 
 either of which cases secrecy would be impossible, 
 or would be imperilled, for by writing, though 
 not setting forth the writer's name, yet through 
 the comparatio literarum the writer might be dis- 
 covered. Nor would it have done, perhaps, to 
 leave the voter to put any mark he pleased to show 
 the candidate for whom he voted. A mark has 
 been pointed out and represented in the statutory 
 directions, that of a cross, thus, X- It is, I think, a 
 mark well devised for the purpose, easy of execu- 
 tion by men of the most moderate intelligence, 
 and at the same time perfectly neutral in its 
 character, so as to be practically incapable of 
 betraying its authorship by its appearance. I 
 think it is scarcely possible that a ballot paper 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 185 
 
 strictly in terms of the statute should lead to the Sect. 23. 
 voter's identification, one /man's cross being in 
 general indistinguishable from another man's." 
 
 It is important to notice, as was pointed out in 
 the considered judgment of the Court in the case 
 of Woodward v. Sarsons(d), that " the rules in the 
 1st Schedule of the Ballot Act and the forms in 
 the 2nd Schedule are directory enactments, as 
 distinguished from the absolute enactments in the 
 section in the body of the Act, and that, while 
 the general rule is that an absolute enactment 
 must be obeyed or fulfilled exactly, it is sufficient 
 if a directory enactment be obeyed or fulfilled sub- 
 stantially. The second section enacts, as to what 
 the voter shall do, that ' the voter, having secretly 
 marked his vote on the paper, and folded it up so 
 as to conceal his vote, shall place it in an enclosed 
 box.' This is all that is said in the body of the 
 Act about what the voter shall do with the ballot 
 paper. That which is absolute, therefore, is that 
 the voter shall mark his paper secretly (e). How 
 he shall mark it is in the directory part of the 
 statute. . . . The result seems to be, as to writing 
 or mark on the ballot paper, that if there be sub- 
 stantially a want of any mark, or a mark which 
 leaves it uncertain whether the voter intended to 
 
 (d) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. at pp. 746, 747, 748. 
 
 (e) If this provision is infringed, the vote will be void, and a 
 similarly strict compliance with all the other requirements of sect. 2 
 is necessary. Thus a vote will be void if the ballot paper has no 
 official mark on it (Wigtoivn (1874), 2 0. & H. 215) or if it is filled 
 up in such a way as to lead to the identification of the voter. See 
 sect. 2 of the Ballot Act, 1872, and Sched. 2, which is made part of 
 such Act by sect. 28 : Woodivard v. Sarsons (1875), L. R. 10 C. P. 
 747. 
 
180 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, aa. vote at all or for which candidate he intended ta 
 vote, or if there be marks indicating that the voter- 
 has voted for too many candidates, or a writing or 
 a mark by which the voter can be identified, then 
 the ballot paper is void, and is not to be counted ; 
 or, to put the matter affirmatively, the paper must 
 be marked so as to show that the voter intended 
 to vote for someone, and so as to show for which 
 of the candidates he intended to vote. It must 
 not be marked so as to show that he intended to 
 vote for more candidates than he is entitled to 
 vote for, nor so as to leave it uncertain whether 
 he intended to vote at all or for which candidate 
 he intended to vote, nor so as to make it possible, 
 by seeing the paper itself, or by reference to- 
 other available facts, to identify the way in which 
 he has voted (/). If these requirements are sub- 
 stantially fulfilled, then there is no enactment and 
 no rule of law by which a ballot paper can be 
 treated as void, though the other directions in the 
 statute are not strictly obeyed. If these require- 
 ments are not substantially fulfilled the ballot 
 paper is void, and should not be counted ; and 
 if it is counted, it should be struck out on a 
 scrutiny. The decision in each case is upon a 
 point of fact, to be decided first by the returning 
 officer, and afterwards by the election tribunal, 
 on petition.' 7 
 
 1 . Want of official mark. 
 
 " It is quite sufficient if there is sucli evidence 
 of the official mark, whether it is perforated 
 
 (/) See also the observations of Ghannell, J., in Exeter (1911), 
 6 O. & H. at p. 232. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 
 
 187 
 
 through the paper, whether the ink is caused to Sect. vs. 
 run through the paper so as to indicate the official 
 mark, or whether the stamp is applied, but fails 
 to make a perfect mark. In all such cases, if 
 there be evidence that the presiding officer has 
 intended to make, and has in fact made, what, 
 fairly looked at, indicates that a recognisable 
 official mark is upon the back of the ballot paper, 
 votes marked upon such papers ought to be held 
 good votes in the absence of any other substantial 
 objection(^)." 
 
 2. Voting for more candidates than entitled to. 
 
 " If there be marks indicating that the voter 
 has voted for too many candidates . . . then the 
 ballot paper is void and is not to be counted. ... 
 The paper must not be marked so as to show 
 that he intended to vote for more candidates than 
 he is entitled to vote for " (k). 
 
 If it is so marked " the ballot paper is void and 
 should not be counted ; arid if it is counted, it 
 should be struck off on a scrutiny " (k}. 
 
 3. Writing or mark />// which the voter could be 
 identified. 
 
 The fact that the marks are such as might 
 lead to the identification of the voter is not 
 sufficient to vitiate and render void the vote. The 
 mark must be a mark by which the voter can 
 (not might possibly) be identified. Whether the 
 mark is such is a matter of fact. It is an in- 
 
 (g) Per Hawkins, J., in C'irenccstrr (1893), 4 O. & H. at p. 196. 
 
 (A) Per cnriam in Woodward v. Sarsons (1875), L. B. 10 0. P. 
 at p. 748. See also Phillips v. f/o/(1886), 17 Q. B. D. 814. But 
 see as to a university election held according to the principle of 
 proportional representation, pp. 160 161, and 158 160, snpr. 
 
188 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 fi_??*_ sufficient objection that the marks referred to 
 might possibly afford a clue to the identification 
 of the voter" (i). 
 
 4. Unmarked or void for uncertainty. The Courts 
 appear to have placed a more rigid and technical 
 interpretation on the language of the statute in 
 the earlier than in the later cases. Thus in 
 Wigtown (k) Lord Neaves said : 
 
 " I think it essential to a good vote that the 
 voter should make the cross thus pointed out, and 
 that any mark materially different would be a 
 deviation from what is prescribed, and a failure 
 to fulfil the requirements of the statute. For 
 anyone to put, instead of a cross, a circle or an 
 oval, or any other geometrical or anomalous 
 figure, would not be a compliance with the law, 
 independently of the consideration that such a 
 plain and wilful departure from what was intended 
 would suggest strongly the suspicion that some 
 sinister purpose was intended." 
 
 Again, in Stepney Division (I) counsel objected 
 to a vote on the ground that the voter had put a 
 circle instead of a cross and that by this it might 
 be identified; he cited Wigtotun(m}. Denman, J., 
 said (n) : 
 
 " The question here is whether a ballot paper 
 is good in which the voter, instead of making a 
 cross or a mark of the ordinary kind straight 
 
 (i) See the observations of Hawkins, J., in Cirencester (1893), 
 4 0. & H. at p. 198. 
 
 (k) (1874), 2 O. & H. at pp. 220, 221. 
 
 (I) (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 37. 
 
 (m) (1874), 2 0. &H. 215. 
 
 (n) Stepney Division (1886), 4 O. & H. at pp. 37, 38. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 189 
 
 with his pen, deliberately makes a circle. If a Sect, as. 
 man does that, he really must do it either with 
 some sinister object, or it is so perversely and 
 absurdly in deviation from the directions of the 
 Ballot Act as to make it a case in which he ought 
 really to be held to have thrown away his vote. 
 If he does it with the sinister object of having 
 his vote known, then he has forfeited his vote 
 because he has violated the Ballot Act. If he does 
 it purposely and one cannot understand a man 
 supposing that a cross is a circle he has done it 
 perversely, and done it in such a way as again to 
 legitimately forfeit his vote. If he does it pur- 
 posely, knowing that his vote may be thrown 
 away, then he really has not indicated his inten- 
 tion to vote for the candidate against whose name 
 he has placed the mark ; so that in any case there 
 is no good ground for holding that a circle is a 
 cross within the meaning of the Ballot Act." 
 
 The vote was struck off. 
 
 The attention of the Court in this case does not 
 appear to have been drawn to the important deci- 
 sion of the Court of Common Pleas in Woodward 
 v. Sarsons (0), but having regard to that case and 
 to later decisions, it is respectfully submitted that 
 the observations of Lord Neaves cited above do 
 not correctly state the law, and that the decision 
 of the Court in Stepney Division must now be 
 regarded as overruled. 
 
 In Woodward v. Sarsons ( p ) it was laid down 
 that any mark which sufficiently indicates for 
 
 (o) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. 733. 
 (p) Ibid, at p. 748. 
 
190 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. whom the vote is given, so long as it is not such 
 as to enable the voter to be identified, is good. 
 The following modes of marking were held good(y) 
 in the absence of evidence of connivance or pre- 
 arrangement : 
 
 (a) Two or three crosses instead of one. 
 
 (b) A straight vertical line instead of a cross. 
 
 (c) A straight stroke in addition to a cross. 
 
 (d) A letter P in addition to a cross. 
 
 (e) An oblique line instead of a cross. 
 
 (f ) A star instead of a cross. 
 
 (g) A pencil line drawn through the name of 
 one candidate and a cross opposite that of another. 
 
 (h) A cross placed on the left instead of the 
 right-hand side of the candidate's name. 
 
 Some of these decisions are in conflict with 
 some of the decisions of the majority of the 
 judges in the Scottish Court of Session in Wig- 
 town (r)j and in regard to this Lord Coleridge, C.J., 
 in delivering the considered judgment of the Court 
 in Woodward v. Sarsons (s) said : 
 
 " We are aware that, in so applying the prin- 
 ciples which we have deduced from the statute, 
 we are acting apparently in opposition to some 
 of the decisions in the Wigtown case(^) ; but there 
 may have been evidence in that case which does 
 not exist in the present case, and which made 
 many of the marks there marks of identification, 
 which the mere presence of such marks here does 
 
 (q) (1875), L. E. 10 C. P. at p. 749. 
 (r) (1874), 2 O. & H. 215. 
 () (1875), L. E. 10 0. P. at p. 750. 
 
 (t) (1874), 2 O. & II. 215, 227 ; 1 Court of Sess. Cases, 4th Series, 
 925, 231 , sub wow. Haswett v. Stewart. 
 
RULES A8 TO BALLOT PAPERS. 191 
 
 not do. If this was not so, we respectfully differ Sect. 83. 
 from the strict view taken by the majority of the 
 learned judges who decided that case, and adhere 
 to the view of Lord Benholme given in that case." 
 
 In 1876 a Select Committee of the House of 
 Commons, appointed to inquire into the working 
 of the Ballot Act, reported that in their opinion 
 "no ballot paper should be rejected unless it 
 appears clearly to the returning officer that the 
 obligatory portion of the Act has not been com- 
 plied with ; and that the marking of the ballot 
 paper in a manner not in accordance with the 
 * directions ' should not cause its rejection, unless 
 it appears to the returning officer that such de- 
 parture from the directions has been for the pur- 
 pose of identification, or would necessarily afford 
 an opportunity for such identification being 
 effected, or unless the returning officer is unable 
 to determine for whom the voter intended to 
 vote." The Committee further suggested that 
 the Home Office should forward to every return- 
 ing officer the case and judgment in Woodward v. 
 Sarsons (u). 
 
 In the later case of BucJcrose (#), where a vote 
 was objected to on the ground that the ballot 
 paper had been marked with a circle instead of 
 a cross, the vote was allowed. Pollock, B., 
 said(y): 
 
 "I should have myself no doubt about this 
 case but for the remarks of my brother Den- 
 
 () Par. Pap. 162 of 1876, p. iv. 
 (a) (1886), 4 O. & H. 110. 
 (y) Ibid, at p. 112. 
 
192 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. man (2), which one must take to have been en- 
 tirely assented to by my brother Field, inasmuch 
 as he did not dissent from them, but we have not 
 before us the precise character of the circle in 
 that case. It may have been something very 
 accurate as a circle, and it may have indicated 
 more education and mental power than is in- 
 dicated by such figures as we find here, and 
 therefore I cannot consider that that case is a 
 binding authority upon us with reference to thi& 
 particular ballot paper. So far as the Scotch 
 authority goes it is not binding upon us. But 
 now let us look at the plain intention which is 
 indicated by the statute itself." After referring 
 to the 2nd section of the Ballot Act, 1872, and 
 the 2nd Schedule to that Act, the learned Baron 
 continued: "It is in the schedule that for the 
 first time you have an indication that it shall be 
 by a cross. When you get to the form the same 
 thing is indicated, and the only question is 
 whether that cross, in the form of a cross sub- 
 stantially, is essential to a good vote. It has 
 been already held that if it be a cross with a 
 mark across it like an X, or like a Winchester 
 cross, and a good many figures of that kind, then 
 it would be perfectly good. This is not a cross ; 
 but is it such a departure from a cross as to in- 
 dicate any intention on the part of the voter 
 otherwise than to record his vote for the person 
 whose name is opposite the bad cross ? I cannot 
 myself think that that is so. For my part, I 
 think this is a good vote." 
 
 (z) In Stepney Division (1886), 4 0. & H. at pp. 37, 38. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 
 
 Smith, J., concurred, holding that the case Sect. 83. 
 came within the principle of Woodward v. Sar- 
 so?is (), and that the ballot paper was marked in 
 such a way as to show that the voter intended to 
 vote for the candidate opposite whose name he 
 had placed the mark in question. 
 
 In Buckrose(b) counsel objected to a vote on 
 the ground that the only mark on the paper was 
 a cross made upon the name of Mr. S., in such a 
 way as to make it appear possible that he intended 
 to strike the name out. The vote was disallowed. 
 
 In the same case() a vote was objected to on 
 the ground that the cross had been put, not 
 opposite to either of the candidates' names, but in 
 the right-hand top corner of the ballot paper above 
 the line. The Court, following the opinion of 
 Hawkins, J., in Berwick (c] and of the Court in 
 Stepney Division (d\ held that the vote was void 
 
 for uncertainty. 
 
 * 
 
 A vote was also objected to by counsel on the 
 ground that the figure 33 had been written upon 
 the back of the ballot paper. The Court, in the 
 absence of any evidence showing that the voter 
 could be identified by the writing, allowed the 
 vote(fl?), following the decision of Field, J., in 
 Stepney Division (e). 
 
 In BucJcrose, the same case(d), a ballot paper 
 
 (a) (1875), L. R. 10 0. P. 733. 
 (6) (1886), 40. &H. at p. 112. 
 
 (c) (1880), 3 O. & H. at p. 182. 
 
 (d) (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 111. 
 
 (e) (1886), 4 0. & H. 40. 
 
 F. 13 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, as. had been rejected by the returning officer which 
 had been marked upon the back opposite the name 
 of one of the candidates, and it was contended 
 that, inasmuch as the mark could be seen through 
 the paper without turning it over, it was a good 
 vote. Pollock, B., said(<?) : " I have a very clear 
 opinion that that will not do. If you take the 
 whole context of the Act and read the direction, 
 the voter is to place a cross on the right-hand side 
 opposite the name of each candidate for whom he 
 votes, and that together with the other provision 
 with regard to the returning officer clearly indi- 
 cates that it must be upon the face of the paper. 
 We think that the vote was properly rejected on 
 the ground that a cross upon the back is not a 
 compliance with the Act." 
 
 In the same case a ballot paper marked in the 
 usual way on the face opposite the name of one 
 candidate but with a cross on the back opposite 
 the name of the other candidate was allowed for 
 the former candidate (e). 
 
 Where a ballot paper was marked with a cross 
 on the left-hand side of the respondent's name, 
 and with a straight line on the right-hand side of 
 the petitioner's name, and the vote was objected 
 to on the ground of uncertainty, Pollock, B., 
 said (/) : "I think the cross in one case and the 
 line in the other make it doubtful, and we must 
 reject the vote." 
 
 (e) C1886), 40. & H. at p. 111. 
 
 (/) Hid. See also Exeter (1911), 6 0. & H. at p. 229. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 195 
 
 In Stepney Division (g), where the cross had Sect. 23. 
 been put on the top of the voting paper opposite 
 the words " Ballot paper," the vote was struck off 
 on the ground of uncertainty. 
 
 In the same case the Court was divided in 
 opinion as to whether a name and a cross on the 
 back of a ballot paper invalidated the vote (h). 
 
 In Cirencester(i), Hawkins, J., thus explained 
 the principles by which the Court would be guided 
 in dealing with cases of this kind : 
 
 " With regard to those votes as to which ob- 
 jections have been raised to the mode in which 
 they were marked by the voters, we have pro- 
 ceeded upon what we think was the true intention 
 of the Legislature in framing the Act of Parlia- 
 ment. We have, first of all, asked ourselves 
 whether the voter received his paper with the 
 intention to vote. The mere fact that he has 
 applied for and received a voting paper affords 
 abundant evidence that such was his intention. 
 Then we have looked at the face of the paper 
 itself, with a view to see whether or not the voter 
 has by any mark clearly indicated the person for 
 whom he wished and intended to vote ; and if we 
 have found such a mark we have upheld the vote, 
 regardless of the very technical, and as we think 
 unsubstantial, objections which have been allowed 
 in some of the earlier cases to be found in the 
 
 (g] (1886), 40. & H. 37. 
 
 (h) The decision on this point in Wigtown (1874), 2 0. & H. 216, 
 was, however, not mentioned to the Court, 
 (t) (1893), 4 0. & H. at pp. 196, 197. 
 
 13(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. reports of election cases, our view being that we 
 ought to interpret the Ballot Act liberally, and, 
 subject to other objections, to give effect to any 
 mark on the face of the paper which in our 
 opinion clearly indicated the intention of the 
 voter, whether such mark were in the shape of a 
 cross, or a straight line, or in any other form, and 
 whether made with pen and ink, pencil, or even 
 an indentation made on the paper, and whether 
 on the right or the left hand of the candidate's 
 name, or elsewhere within his compartment on 
 the voting paper. Of course, every deviation 
 from the course pointed out in the rule tends to 
 create difficulties which may be avoided by a rigid 
 observance of it. It is highly prudent therefore 
 to adhere to it, though we do not think it essen- 
 tial. . . . There were some marks and blotches of 
 a very irregular character (on the voting paper), 
 which might well be mistaken as indications of 
 temporary unsteadiness in the voters, who by 
 their unsteadiness imperil their votes. In such 
 cases we have done our best to discover whether, 
 although obscured by the blots, blurs, and other 
 marks, there existed positive indications on the 
 part of the voter of an intention to vote without 
 a thought of leaving behind a trace to enable him 
 to be identified. ... Of course, if it is upon the 
 face of the ballot paper left in doubt whether the 
 man intended to vote for one candidate or the 
 other, the weight of the objection that the vote 
 is uncertain is obvious, for the simple reason that 
 one candidate has just as much right to claim 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 197 
 
 the vote as the other, and so it ought not to be Sect. 23. 
 counted for either, and the statute so enacts." 
 
 "It has been held (&)," said Hawkins, J., in 
 Berwick-upon- Tweed (1], "that it is not necessary 
 that this mark should be made with the pencil 
 provided in the compartment, or with a pencil 
 at all. A mark made with ink or with a piece of 
 burnt stick is just as good as a mark made with 
 pencil, and I cannot see any reason why a mark 
 made in any other way is not just as good." 
 
 In the same case one of the ballot papers had 
 been marked with a long cross, one part of which 
 extended into the space opposite the name of the 
 respondent, although the actual intersection of the 
 cross was in the space opposite the petitioner's 
 name. It was held that this was a good vote for 
 the petitioner. "If," said Lopes, J. (m), "you 
 strike out the upper part of the cross, that is, the 
 part opposite the name of the respondent, you will 
 still have a perfect cross opposite the petitioner's 
 name. On the other hand, if you strike off what 
 is opposite to the petitioner's name, you will have 
 no cross at all." 
 
 In Pontardawe Rural District Council Election 
 Petition (n) certain doubtful ballot papers were 
 reserved for the consideration of the Court, among 
 whicli were three papers in which the marks made 
 by the voters were outside the compartments or 
 
 (A) In Wigtown (1874), 2 O. & H. 219. 
 
 (I) (1880), 3 O. & H. at p. 180. 
 
 (m) Ibid. 181. 
 
 (n) (1907) 2 K. B. 313. 
 
198 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect, as. ruled spaces on the ballot papers. The marks, 
 however, although outside the compartments, were 
 placed directly opposite the names of certain of 
 the candidates, so as to leave no doubt for whom 
 the voters intended to vote. Ridley, J., said : 
 " I think that as long as the mark is opposite the 
 name of the candidate, so as to make it clear that 
 the voter intended to vote for him, the vote is 
 good. If the mark were above or below the name 
 it would not be clear, and the paper would be void 
 for uncertainty." 
 
 Phillimore, J., said: " I agree. The effect of 
 placing the mark outside the printed space may 
 be to make it more difficult to decide for whom 
 the vote was given. But here there is admittedly 
 no difficulty in so deciding. A mark put directly 
 opposite the name of a particular candidate is to 
 my mind a good vote." 
 
 Where the voter writes his own name instead of 
 a cross, as directed, opposite the candidate's 
 name (o), or where he writes any name (p) or 
 initials (q), even though they are not those of the 
 voter or candidate, the vote will be rejected on 
 the ground that the voter could be identified by 
 his handwriting. 
 
 In West Bromwich (r) various ballot papers were 
 considered on a scrutiny by Ridley and Bucknill, 
 
 (o) Woodivard v. Sarsons (1874), L. E. 10 C. P. at pp. 737, 749. 
 (j>) Ibid, at pp. 736, 749; Wigtown (1874), 2 0. & H. at pp. 216, 
 217 ; Exeter (1911), 6 0. & H. at pp. 229231. 
 (q) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 2. 
 (r) (1911), 6 0. & H. at pp. 256, 257. 
 
RULES AS TO BALLOT PAPERS. 199 
 
 JJ., and it may be useful to refer to the following Sect. 23. 
 decisions of the Court : 
 
 Crosses outside the proper vote-space, but well 
 opposite the candidate's name, were allowed to 
 him. 
 
 A cross in the margin altogether underneath 
 the candidate's name-space was disallowed to him ; 
 but one in the right-hand margin altogether out- 
 side that space and the proper vote-space, but 
 partly parallel with them and partly beneath 
 them, was allowed to him. 
 
 A very faint cross in the candidate's name- 
 space was allowed to the candidate (s). 
 
 A cross immediately under the space for the 2 
 in the number column (i.e. the candidate's number), 
 wholly in the bottom margin, was disallowed to 
 the candidate, but a cross slightly within that 
 space was allowed to him. 
 
 All crosses opposite the words " Ballot Paper," 
 which were printed in the top margin, immediately 
 over all the spaces where the crosses were wholly 
 outside those spaces, were disallowed, but where 
 part of the cross extended into the proper vote- 
 space for the candidate it was allowed. 
 
 A cross in the top margin, but extending 
 slightly into the candidate's number-space (i.e. 1), 
 was allowed to him. 
 
 A confused mark in the proper vote -space for 
 the candidate was allowed to the candidate (t). 
 
 (s) See also Exeter (1911), 6 0. & H. at p. 228. 
 (*) Ibid, at p. 229. 
 
200 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. A faint mark (not a cross) against the can- 
 didate's name was allowed to him. 
 
 A cross across the dividing line between the 
 candidates' name-spaces, but mostly in the upper 
 space, was allowed to the candidate whose name 
 was in the upper space. 
 
 A cross across the dividing line between the 
 spaces in the number column, but mostly in the 
 upper space (i.e. 1), was disallowed to the can- 
 didate whose name was in the upper space. 
 
 The whole of the paper and print relating to 
 one candidate had been torn off and missing, but 
 there was a cross in the proper vote-space for the 
 other candidate disallowed. 
 
 A cross on the left-hand margin opposite, but 
 wholly outside of, the candidate's number-space 
 was allowed to him. 
 
 A cross on the right-hand margin opposite, but 
 wholly outside of, the candidate's proper voting- 
 space was allowed to him. 
 
 The decision of the returning officer as to any 
 question arising in respect of any ballot paper is 
 final, subject to reversal on petition questioning 
 the election or return (). 
 
 As to sub-section (3) of sect. 23. If an Order in 
 Council is issued under this sub-section, it will 
 affect the provisions of sub-section (2), dealt with 
 on p. 182, supra. 
 
 As to sub-section (4). This sub-section deals with 
 voting by proxy, which is the second of the two 
 methods provided in sect. 23 by which absent 
 voters can vote. 
 
 (u) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 2. 
 
VOTING BY PROXY. 201 
 
 Sub-section (4) (a) provides that His Majesty sect. 23 
 may by Order in Council permit naval or military 
 voters to vote by proxy when the locality abroad 
 where they are performing their duties is so far 
 distant from the United Kingdom or so incon- 
 veniently situated that the method of voting 
 provided by sect. 23 (1), (2), (3) is impracticable. 
 By Order in Council, dated June 25th, 1918 (v), 
 voting by proxy is permitted in all areas on land 
 outside the British Islands except areas in France 
 and Belgium. 
 
 Sub-section (4) (b) states the conditions upon 
 which an absent voter is entitled to exercise the 
 right of voting by proxy. These conditions are 
 that he must satisfy the registration officer that 
 he comes within the provisions of sub-section 
 (4) (b) (i) or (b) (ii). 
 
 As to the meaning of the words a naval or 
 military voter in (4) (b) (i), and his right to vote, 
 see pp. 79 94, supra. 
 
 As to the word afloat, by sect. 41 (10) this 
 " shall be interpreted in accordance with the 
 rules (a;) made for the purpose by the Admi- 
 ralty." 
 
 As to the words in any area on land abroad 
 in which voting by proxy is permitted in pur- 
 suance of an Order in Council made under this 
 section, this of course refers to the areas men- 
 tioned above, i.e., to all areas outside the British 
 Islands except areas in France and Belgium. 
 
 (v) Set out on p. 753, infra. 
 
 (x) For these rules, see p. 628, infra. 
 
202 KEPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 23. The persons described in (4) (b) (ii) fall within 
 one of the classes of " naval or military voters n 
 within the meaning of sect. 5 (3) (ii) (a)(#). 
 
 As to the meaning of the words to appoint a 
 proxy, see the Third Schedule to the present Act, 
 clauses 1, 3 and 4, p. 359, infra. 
 
 As to the words to vote by proxy at a par- 
 liamentary election in accordance with and 
 subject to the provisions of this Act, see the 
 Third Schedule to the present Act, clauses 5 
 to 15, pp. 360362, infra. 
 
 As to sub-section (4) (c), a returning officer shall 
 not send a ballot paper for the purpose of voting 
 by post under sect. 23 (1) to any person who has 
 appointed a proxy while the appointment is in 
 force, and it provides further that no such ballot 
 paper shall be sent to any naval or military voter 
 if the returning officer knows that he is serving 
 in any area which comes within sect. 23 (4) (a), 
 whether such naval or military voter has ap- 
 pointed a proxy or not. 
 
 As to sub-section (4) (d), the Third Schedule 
 to this Act is set out on pp. 359 362, infra. 
 
 As to sub-section (5). This sub-section provides 
 that a person whose name is entered on the absent 
 voters list shall not be entitled to vote except 
 under sect. 23 (1), (2), (3), by sending a ballot 
 paper to the returning officer, or under sect. 
 23 (4) by proxy; in other words, a person on the 
 absent voters list is not allowed to vote by placing 
 the ballot paper in the ballot box in the ordinary 
 manner. 
 
 (y] Set out at pp. 77 78, and see pp. 79 85, supra. 
 
VOTING BY EMPLOYEES OF RETURNING OFFICERS. 
 
 There appears to be nothing in the Act to pre Sect. 23 
 vent a person being placed on the absent voters 
 list in respect of his qualification in two or more 
 constituencies (0). An absent voter registered in 
 more than one constituency can exercise his or 
 her right to vote in each such constituency pro- 
 vided that the voter does not vote for more con- 
 stituencies than he or she is entitled to vote for 
 under sect, 8 (!)(). 
 
 As to sub-section (6). An Order in Council 
 prescribing forms and making regulations with 
 regard to proxy papers will be found on pp. 
 754757, i n f raf 
 
 24. Where an elector for any constitu- voting by 
 
 . . . persons in the 
 
 eney (other than a university constituency) is employment 
 
 i m i of returning 
 
 employed by the returning officer for that officers. 
 constituency for any purpose in connection 
 with an election for that constituency, and 
 the circumstances of that elector's employ- 
 ment are, in the opinion of the returning 
 officer, such as to prevent him from voting 
 at the polling station at which the elector 
 would otherwise be entitled to vote, the 
 returning officer may authorise the elector, 
 by a certificate given in the prescribed form, 
 to vote at any other polling station in the 
 constituency, and that polling station shall, 
 for the purpose of Rule 18 of Part I. of the 
 
 (z] See pp. 85 96, supra. 
 
 (a] See pp. 100101, 108110, 
 
 supru. 
 
204 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect 24. First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, be 
 deemed to be the polling station allotted to 
 that elector. 
 
 NOTE. in the opinion of the returning officer. 
 
 -It would appear that the opinion of the return- 
 ing officer would be conclusive on the matter in 
 question. 
 
 at the polling station at which the elector 
 would otherwise be entitled to vote. By Rule 1 5 
 of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 u at every polling place the returning officer shall 
 provide a sufficient number of polling stations for 
 the accommodation of the electors entitled to vote 
 at such polling place, and shall distribute the 
 polling stations amongst those electors in such 
 manner as he thinks most convenient " 
 
 a certificate given in the prescribed form. 
 By sect. 41 (11) * prescribed " means prescribed 
 by His Majesty by Order in Council. At the 
 date of going to press the form of certificate here 
 mentioned has not been prescribed. 
 
 that polling station shall for the purpose of 
 Rule 18 of Part I. of the First Schedule to the 
 Ballot Act, 1872, be deemed to be the polling 
 station allotted to that elector. Rule 18 here 
 referred to is as follows: " No person shall be 
 admitted to vote at any polling station except 
 the one allotted to him." 
 
 Right to the 
 use of 
 elementary 
 schools. 
 
 25. (1) A candidate at a parliamentary 
 election (other than a university election) 
 shall be entitled, for the purpose of holding 
 
USE OF SCHOOLS FOR PUBLIC MEETINGS. 205 
 
 a public meeting in furtherance of his can- Sect - 25 
 didature, to the use at reasonable times be- 
 tween the receipt of a writ for the election 
 and the day of the poll, of a suitable room 
 in any public elementary school situated 
 within the constituency for which he is a 
 candidate : 
 
 Provided that this enactment shall not 
 authorise the use of any room used as part 
 of a private dwelling-house nor authorise 
 any interference with the school hours of an 
 elementary day or evening school. 
 
 (2) A charge may be made to cover any 
 actual and necessary expenses incurred by 
 the local education authority, or by the 
 managers of the school, in respect of the 
 preparation of the room before the meeting 
 for the purposes of the meeting, and after 
 the meeting for school purposes, and for 
 warming, lighting, and cleaning the room. 
 
 (3) If by reason of the use of any room 
 under this Act any damage is done to the 
 school-house, or to the furniture, fittings, 
 or apparatus, the damage shall be defrayed 
 by the person by whom, or on whose behalf, 
 the meeting is convened. 
 
 NOTE. A candidate at a parliamentary elec- 
 tion. It is submitted that although the context 
 of these words in the above section is different 
 to that of the similar words in sect. 34 (1) of 
 
206 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 25. the present Act, the meaning of these words is 
 the same as that which they bear in the latter 
 section (a). 
 
 between the receipt of a writ for the election 
 and the day of the poll. See pp. 179, 180, 
 supra. 
 
 As to sub-section (2), the charge referred to must 
 be included in the candidate's election expenses. 
 See below. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (3), the damage 
 shall be defrayed by the person by whom, or 
 on whose behalf, the meeting is convened, 
 It is submitted that " the person ... on whose 
 behalf . . . the meeting is convened," can only 
 mean the candidate. Bysect. 34 (1): " A per- 
 son other than the election agent of a candidate 
 shall not incur any expenses on account of holding 
 public meetings . . . for the purpose of promoting 
 or procuring the election of any candidate at a 
 parliamentary election unless he is authorised in 
 writing to do so by such election agent " ; and 
 by sect. 34 (3), " any expenses incurred on account 
 of any such purpose as aforesaid and authorised 
 by the election agent of the candidate shall be 
 duly returned as part of the candidate's election 
 expenses." It is submitted, however, that the 
 "damage" mentioned in sect. 25 (3) does not 
 come within sect. 34 (3), and need not be returned 
 as part of the candidate's election expenses (#), as 
 such damage does not fall under " expenses 
 incurred on account of ... such purpose." 
 
 (a) See pp. 269270, 272273, infra. 
 ($) See p. 264, infra. 
 
DEPOSIT BY CANDIDATES. 207 
 
 As regards Scotland, the expression any public _Sect. 25. 
 elementary school, in sect. 25 of the present 
 Act, means " any school in receipt of a parlia- 
 mentary grant " (c). 
 
 Sect. 25 does not apply to Ireland (d[). 
 
 26. (1) A candidate at a parliamentary Deposit by 
 election, or someone on his behalf, shall parHamentary 
 deposit, or cause to be deposited, with the 
 returning officer, during the time appointed 
 for the election, the sum of one hundred and 
 fifty pounds, and, if he fails to do so, he 
 shall be deemed to be withdrawn within the 
 provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 (2) The deposit may be made by the 
 deposit of any legal tender or, with the 
 consent of the returning officer, in any other 
 manner. 
 
 (3) If after the deposit is made the candi- 
 date is withdrawn in pursuance of the pro- 
 visions of the Ballot Act, 1872, the deposit 
 shall be returned to the person by whom the 
 deposit was made ; and if the candidate dies 
 after the deposit is made, and before the 
 poll is commenced, the deposit, if made by 
 him, shall be returned to his legal personal 
 representative, or, if not made by him, shall 
 be returned to the person by whom the 
 deposit was made. 
 
 (c) Sect. 43 (10), p. 319, infra. 
 
 (d) Sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 
 
208 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 26. NOTE. As to the words in sub-section ( 1 ), during" 
 the time appointed for the election. By rule 4 
 of Part I. of the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 
 1872, u the time appointed for the election shall be 
 such two hours between the hours of ten in the 
 forenoon and three in the afternoon as may be 
 appointed by the returning officer, and the re- 
 turning officer shall attend during those two hours 
 and for one hour after.' 7 The hours here referred 
 to are hours of the day which is called in the 
 Ballot Act "the day of election," i.e., the day 
 fixed for receiving nominations (c). 
 
 shall be deemed to be withdrawn within the 
 provisions of the Ballot Act, 1872. The pro- 
 visions here referred to are the following, con- 
 tained in sect. 1 of the Ballot Act, 1872 : 
 
 " A candidate may, during the time appointed 
 for the election, but not afterwards, withdraw 
 from his candidature by giving a notice to that 
 effect, signed by him, to the returning officer: 
 Provided that the proposer of a candidate nomi- 
 nated in his absence out of the United Kingdom 
 may withdraw such candidate by a written notice 
 signed by him and delivered to the returning 
 officer, together with a written declaration of 
 such absence of the candidate." 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (3), If after the 
 deposit is made the candidate is withdrawn in 
 pursuance of the provisions of the Ballot Act, 
 1872. These provisions are those set out imme- 
 diately above. 
 
 (c) See Ballot Act, 1872, 8. 1, First Schedule, Part I., r. 2, and 
 pp. 179180, supra. 
 
FORFEITURE OF CANDIDATE'S DEPOSIT. 209 
 
 It should be observed that sect. 26 applies to a Sect - 2Q - 
 university election ( d). 
 
 27. (1) If a candidate who has made Forfeiture of 
 the required deposit is not elected, and the certain easet, 
 number of votes polled by him does not 
 exceed, in the case of a constituency return- 
 ing one or two members, one-eighth of the 
 total number of votes polled, or in the case 
 of a constituency returning more than two 
 members one-eighth of the number of votes 
 polled divided by the number of members to 
 be elected, the amount deposited shall be 
 forfeited to His Majesty ; but in any other 
 case that amount shall be returned to the 
 candidate, where the candidate is elected, as 
 soon as he has taken the oath as a member, 
 and, where the candidate is not elected, as 
 soon as practicable after the result of the 
 election is declared : 
 
 Provided that where a candidate is nomi- 
 nated at a general election in more than one 
 constituency he shall in no case recover his 
 deposit more than once, and in . such case 
 the deposits shall be forfeited to His Majesty 
 except such one as the Treasury direct to 
 be returned to the candidate. 
 
 (2) For the purposes of this section the 
 
 (d} See sect. 36 (2), p. 279, infra. 
 F. 14 
 
210 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 27 number of votes polled shall be deemed to 
 be the number of ballot papers (other than 
 spoilt ballot papers) counted ; and where the 
 election is held under the system of the 
 transferable vote the number of votes polled 
 by a candidate shall be the number of votes 
 polled by him as first preferences. 
 
 NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), the 
 required deposit. As to this, see the preceding 
 section set out on p. 207, supra. 
 
 the amount deposited shall be forfeited to His 
 Majesty. It should be noticed that by sect. 
 36 (3) (c) the deposit of a candidate for a uni- 
 versity constituency when forfeited is to be re- 
 tained by the university (e). 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (2), the number 
 of votes polled shall be deemed to be the number 
 of ballot papers (other than spoilt ballot papers) 
 counted. As to counting ballot papers, see pp. 
 182 200, supra. As to spoilt ballot papers, see 
 Ballot Act, 1872, First Schedule, rule 28, p. 687, 
 infra. 
 
 where the election is held under the system 
 of the transferable vote the number of votes 
 polled by a candidate shall be the number of 
 votes polled by him as first preferences. The 
 elections here referred to are contested elections 
 for university constituencies where there are two 
 or more members to be elected (/). 
 
 () See p. 280, infra. 
 
 (/) See sect. 20 (1), p. 155, and pp. 160161, supra. 
 
RETURNING OFFICERS. 211 
 
 As to "the system of the transferable vote" Sect. 27. 
 and "first preferences," see pp. 158 160, supra. 
 
 28. The returning officer at a parlia- Returning 
 mentary election (other than a university 
 election) shall, notwithstanding anything in 
 any other Act, be : 
 
 (1) In the case of a parliamentary county 
 
 which is coterminous with, or 
 wholly contained in, one adminis- 
 trative county, the sheriff; 
 
 (2) In the case of a parliamentary borough 
 
 which is coterminous with, or 
 wholly contained in, a county of 
 a city or town having a sheriff, the 
 sheriff, and in the case of the City 
 of London, the sheriffs ; 
 
 (3) In the case of a parliamentary borough 
 
 which is coterminous with, or 
 wholly contained in, one municipal 
 borough (not being a county of a 
 city or town having a sheriff), or 
 one metropolitan borough, or one 
 urban district, the mayor or chair- 
 man of the council, as the case 
 requires; and 
 
 (4) In any other case, such sheriff, mayor, 
 
 or chairman, as may be designated 
 for the purpose by the Local 
 Government Board. 
 14(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 28. NOTE. (other than a university election). 
 
 As to the returning officer at a university election, 
 see pp. 364, 373, infra. 
 
 Returning By sect. 43 (13) (g] of the Act it is provided that 
 
 Scotland! sect. 28, set out above, shall not apply to Scotland, 
 and that in lieu thereof the following provisions 
 shall apply : 
 
 " The returning officer at parliamentary elec- 
 tions (other than a university election) shall as 
 heretofore be the sheriff of the sheriffdom within 
 which the constituency is wholly situated or, 
 where the constituency is situated in more than 
 one sheriffdom, the sheriff specified in the Seventh 
 Schedule to this Act " (h). 
 
 Returning By sect. 44 (10) (i) of the Act, sect. 28, set out 
 ireiand. m above, does not apply to Ireland. In Ireland, 
 therefore, the law as to the persons who are to 
 be returning officers remains the same after the 
 passing of the present Act as it was before. 
 Accordingly the following persons are to be return- 
 ing officers in Ireland : 
 
 In a county, county of a city, or county of a 
 town, the sheriff for such county, county of a city, 
 or county of a town is the returning officer. In 
 a division of any such county, or county of city 
 or town, which is a separate constituency (/), the 
 sheriff of such county, county of a city or town 
 is the returning officer. 
 
 Where the sheriff is returning officer for more 
 
 (g) Set out at pp. 321322, infra. 
 (7i) See p. 391, -infra. 
 (t) Set out at pp. 333334, infra. 
 (/) 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 45, s. 66. 
 
RETURNING OFFICERS IN IRELAND. 213 
 
 than one county, as defined for the purposes of sct. 28. 
 parliamentary elections i.e., in counties divided 
 for the purpose of parliamentary representation 
 he may, by writing under his hand, appoint a fit 
 person to be his deputy for all or any of the 
 purposes relating to an election in any such county, 
 arid may, by himself or such deputy, exercise any 
 powers and do any things which the returning 
 officer is authorised or required to exercise or do 
 in relation to such election (Jc). 
 
 Where the sheriff of a county dies before the 
 expiration of his year of office or before he is 
 lawfully superseded, the under- sheriff by him 
 appointed shall nevertheless continue in office, 
 and shall, until another sheriff is appointed for 
 the said county and has made the declaration of 
 office, execute the office of sheriff, in the name 
 of the deceased sheriff, and be answerable for the 
 execution of the said office as the deceased sheriff 
 would by law have been if living (I). 
 
 Where the sheriff of a county of a city, or a 
 county of a town, dies or becomes incapable of 
 performing the duties of his office, the council of 
 the said city or town shall forthwith appoint 
 another fit person to execute the office (m). 
 
 In municipal boroughs, other than cities and 
 towns being counties of themselves, the mayor is 
 the returning officer (ri). 
 
 (k] Ballot Act, 1872, s. 8. 
 
 (!) Sheriffs Act, 1887, 8. 25 (1). 
 
 (,/?) Ibid. s. 36 (1). 
 
 () 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84. 
 
214 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 28. If, when a mayor is required to act as returning' 
 officer, he is absent, or incapable of acting, or* 
 there is no mayor, the council must forthwith 
 choose an alderman to be returning officer (0). 
 
 In boroughs in which there is no mayor and 
 which are not counties of cities or towns, the 
 returning officer is the sheriff of the county in 
 which the whole or greatest part of the borough 
 is situate (p\ 
 
 Whenever from temporary vacancy or some 
 other cause there is no person duly qualified to 
 perform the duties of returning officer for . a 
 borough, city, or town, the sheriff of the county 
 in which such place is situate is charged with the 
 execution of the writ, and must do all things 
 incidental to the office of returning officer. He 
 must not receive or execute any writ, however, 
 unless there shall be no person legally qualified 
 and competent to act as returning officer in such 
 borough (q). 
 
 Payment of 
 returning 
 officers' 
 expenses by 
 Treasury. " 
 
 29. (1) The returning officer at a par- 
 liamentary election (other than a university 
 election) shall be entitled to his reasonable 
 charges, not exceeding the sums specified in 
 the scale of maximum charges framed under 
 this section, in respect of services and ex- 
 penses of the several kinds mentioned in the 
 
 (o) 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84. 
 
 (p) 3 & 4 Viet. c. 108, s. 84 ; 22 Viet. c. 14, s. 1. 
 
 (?) 25 & 26 Viet. c. 92, s. 3. 
 
PAYMENT OF RETURNING OFFICERS' EXPENSES. 415 
 
 said scale which have been properly rendered sect. 29. 
 or incurred by him for the purposes of or in 
 connexion with the election. 
 
 (2) The amount of any such charges shall 
 be paid by the Treasury out of moneys pro- 
 vided by Parliament on an account being 
 submitted to the Treasury in accordance 
 with regulations made under this section ; 
 but the Treasury may, if they think fit, 
 before payment apply to the court as defined 
 by this section for the taxation of the account, 
 and the court shall have jurisdiction to tax 
 the account in such manner and at such time 
 and place as the court thinks fit, and finally 
 to determine the amount payable to the 
 returning officer. 
 
 On the request of the returning officer for 
 an advance on account of his charges, the 
 Treasury may, if they think fit, and on such 
 terms as they think fit, make such an ad- 
 vance. 
 
 (3) Where an application is made for the 
 taxation of a returning officer's account, the 
 returning officer may apply to the court to 
 examine any claim made by any person 
 against him in respect of matters charged in 
 the account ; and the court, after notice 
 given to the claimant and after giving him 
 an opportunity to be heard and to tender 
 
216 KEPKKSENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Of 
 
 sect. 29. any evidence, may allow or disallow or re- 
 duce the claim objected to, with or without 
 costs ; and the determination of the court 
 shall be final for all purposes and as against 
 all persons. 
 
 (4) The Treasury shall prescribe a scale 
 of maximum charges for the purposes of this 
 section and may revise the scale as and when 
 they think fit, and may also make regula- 
 tions as to the time when and manner and 
 form in which accounts are to be rendered 
 to them for the purpose of the payment of 
 the charges. 
 
 (5) The court for the purposes of this 
 section shall be, as respects an election in 
 the City of London, the Mayor's Court ; and 
 elsewhere in England and in Ireland the 
 county court having jurisdiction at the place 
 of nomination for the election to which the 
 proceedings relate ; and as regards Scotland 
 " the court " shall mean the Auditor of the 
 Court of Session. 
 
 NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), The 
 returning officer. As to who are to be returning 
 officers in England, see the preceding section, 
 pp. 211214, supra, and in Scotland and Ireland, 
 pp. 212 214, supra. 
 
 It should be observed that by sect. 30 the pro- 
 visions of sect. 29 apply equally to the acting 
 returning officer (r). 
 
 (r) See pp. 217218, infra. 
 
ACTING RETURNING OFFICERS. 217 
 
 (other than a university election). As to re- Sect. 29. 
 turning officer at university elections, see pp. 364. 
 373, infra. 
 
 scale of maximum charges. This is the scale 
 referred to in sect. 29 (4). This scale has not, up 
 to the time of going to press, been prescribed. 
 
 properly rendered or incurred by him. Ser- 
 vices would be properly rendered and expenses 
 properly incurred by a returning officer if they 
 were rendered or incurred in the fulfilment or 
 course of his duties as returning officer. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (2), regulations 
 made under this section. By sect. 29 (4) the 
 Treasury is empowered to make these regula- 
 tions, which have not, however, up to the time of 
 going to press, been issued. 
 
 the Court as defined by this section. See 
 
 sub-section (5) of this section. 
 
 As to the words in sub-section (5), the place of 
 nomination. As to this, see Ballot Act, 1872, 
 First Schedule, rules 1 , 2, pp. 682683, infra, 
 and sect. 32 of the present Act, pp. 222 223, 
 infra. 
 
 30. Except as herein provided the duties Discharge of 
 
 . returning 
 
 oi returning; omcer at parliamentary elec- officers' duties 
 
 * by an acting 
 
 tions (other than a university election) shall returning 
 be discharged by the registration officer as 
 acting returning officer, and the acting re- 
 turning officer shall have all the powers, 
 
218 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 30 - duties, rights and liabilities of the returning 
 officer under any enactments relating to 
 parliamentary elections, and those enact- 
 ments (including this Act) shall have effect 
 accordingly and the acting returning officer 
 shall have power to appoint deputies. 
 
 This section shall not apply to any duties 
 which the returning officer reserves to him- 
 self and undertakes to perform in person. 
 
 Any appointment of a deputy by the acting 
 returning officer shall be subject to the ap- 
 proval of the Local Government Board. 
 
 A returning officer at a parliamentary 
 election shall not, if all his duties are dis- 
 charged by the acting returning officer, be 
 disqualified by reason of being returning 
 officer for being a candidate at the election. 
 
 NOTE. Except as herein provided. These 
 words refer to the second paragraph of this 
 section, i.e. to the case where a returning officer 
 reserves to himself and undertakes to perform in 
 person the duties of returning officer. 
 
 (other than a university election). As to the 
 duties of returning officers at university elections, 
 see pp. 364371, 373382, infra. 
 
 the registration officer. See pp. 130 131, 
 supra. 
 
 This section shall not apply to any duties 
 which the returning officer reserves to himself 
 
RETURNING AND ACTING RETURNING OFFICERS. 
 
 and undertakes to perform in person. The effect sect. so 
 of these words is to give the returning officer the 
 right to reserve to himself and undertake to per- 
 form in person all or some of the duties of a 
 returning officer, and in the event of his exer- 
 cising such right, the provisions of this section as 
 to the discharge of the returning officer's duties 
 by the acting returning officer have no applica- 
 tion to the duties so reserved. 
 
 A returning officer at a parliamentary elec- 
 tion shall not, if all his duties are discharged 
 by the acting returning officer, be disqualified 
 by reason of being returning officer for being a 
 candidate at the election. These words remove 
 from a returning officer, all of whose duties are 
 discharged by the acting returning officer, the 
 disqualification which previous to the passing of 
 this Act(w-) attached to a returning officer by 
 reason of his office. These words therefore also 
 remove the disqualification which formerly at- 
 tached to a sheriff from being a candidate for 
 the county or borough of which he was sheriff, 
 since this disqualification was the consequence, 
 not of his being sheriff, but returning officer (x\ 
 
 Sect. 30 does not apply to Scotland, and in 
 lieu thereof sect. 43 (13)Q/) makes special pro- 
 vision as to Scotland. 
 
 (u) Thetford, 9 Journal, 725 ; Wal-efidd, B. & Aust. 295. 
 
 (JB) Rutland (1601), Dalton, 332; CoMs Case (1625), 2 White- 
 locke, 357; R. v. Owens (1859), 2 E. & E. 91 ; Tralee, 28 L. R. 
 Ir. 10. 
 
 (y) See pp. 321322, infra. 
 
220 
 
 Sect. 30. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Since sect. 30 does not apply to Scotland, the 
 existing disqualification of returning officers from 
 being candidates at parliamentary elections (2) is 
 unaffected as regards Scotland. 
 
 Sect. 30 set out above has no application to 
 Ireland (a), and therefore, as in the case of Scot- 
 land, the existing disqualification of returning 
 officers from being candidates at parliamentary 
 elections continues. See pp. 212 214, supra, as 
 to returning officers and deputy returning officers 
 in Ireland. 
 
 Division of 31. ( 1) It shall be the duty of tKe council 
 
 constituency . ' . 
 
 into polling whose clerk is the registration officer for 
 
 districts, and 
 
 appointment any constituency or by whom the registra- 
 
 of polling J . * . j 
 
 places. tion omcer is appointed, as occasion requires, 
 to divide the constituency into polling dis- 
 tricts, and to appoint polling places for the 
 polling districts, in such manner as to give 
 to all electors in the constituency such rea- 
 sonable facilities for voting as are practicable 
 in the circumstances : 
 
 Provided that, before dividing any con- 
 stituency in the administrative county of 
 London into polling districts, the authority 
 therefor shall send a draft of any scheme for 
 that purpose to the London County Council, 
 and shall take into consideration any repre- 
 sentations made to them by that Council. 
 
 (z) Thttford, 9 Journal, 725 ; Wakefidd, B. & Aubt. 295. 
 (a) Sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 
 
POLLING DISTRICTS AND POLLING PLACES. 
 
 (2) If a local authority, or not less than sect. 31. 
 thirty electors, in a constituency make a 
 representation to the Local Government 
 Board that the polling districts or polling 
 places do not meet the reasonable require- 
 ments of the electors in the constituency, or 
 
 any body of electors, the Local Government 
 Board shall consider the representation, and 
 may, if they think fit, direct the council 
 whose duty it is to divide the constituency 
 into polling districts to make such altera- 
 tions as the Board think necessary in the 
 circumstances, and if the council fail to 
 make those alterations within a month after 
 the direction is given may themselves make 
 the alterations, and any alterations so made 
 shall have effect as if they had been made 
 by the council. 
 
 In this provision the expression " local 
 authority " means as respects any constitu- 
 ency the council of any county, borough, 
 urban or rural district, or parish wholly or 
 partly situate in the constituency, or the 
 parish meeting of any parish so situate where 
 there is no parish council. 
 
 (3) On the exercise of any powers given 
 by this section the council by whom the 
 powers are exercised shall send to the Local 
 Government Board a report, and publish in 
 the constituency a notice, showing the boun- 
 
222 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 31. daries of any polling districts or the situa- 
 tion of any polling places constituted as a 
 result of the exercise of the power. 
 
 (4) An election shall not be questioned by 
 reason of any non-compliance with the pro- 
 visions of this section or any informality 
 relative to polling districts or polling places. 
 
 (5) This section shall not apply to uni- 
 versity constituencies. 
 
 (6) Nothing in this section shall affect any 
 polling districts or polling places constituted 
 before the passing of this Act until occasion 
 arises for the exercise of the powers given 
 by this section. 
 
 NOTE. As to the words in sub-section (1), the 
 council whose clerk is the registration officer 
 for any constituency or by whom the registra- 
 tion officer is appointed, see sect. 12 (2) and (4), 
 pp. 130, 131, supra. 
 
 In its application to Scotland, sect. 31 is subject 
 to the provisions of sect. 43 (17), which is set out 
 at p. 323, infra. 
 
 In its application to Ireland, sect. 31 is to be 
 read subject to the modifications enacted in sect. 
 44 (9) (a), (b) and (c). See pp. 332333, infra. 
 
 piace of 32. The place of election shall be fixed 
 
 for each constituency (other than a univer- 
 sity constituency) by the returning officer, 
 and shall be 
 
 (a) if the constituency is a parliamentary 
 
ELECTION EXPENSES. 223 
 
 borough, or a division of a parlia- sect. 32. 
 mentary borough, some place within 
 the borough ; and 
 
 (b) if the constituency is a parliamentary 
 county, or a division of a parlia- 
 mentary county, some place within 
 the county or within a parliamen- 
 tary borough adjoining the county. 
 
 NOTE. This section does not apply to Scot- 
 land, but by sect. 43 (16), set out at p. 323, infra, 
 the provisions of that sub-section are substituted 
 for sect. 32. Sect. 32 does not apply to Ire- 
 land (a). 
 
 , r ~ 
 
 33. (1) The provisions set out in the scaieofeiec- 
 Fourth Schedule to this Act shall be sub- i 
 stituted for Part IV. and paragraph (3) of 
 Part Y. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt 
 and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 
 (which relate to the maximum scale of elec- 
 tion expenses), and that Act shall have effect 
 accordingly. 1 
 
 (2) Any candidate at a parliamentary 
 election 2 shall, subject to regulations of the 
 Postmaster-General, 2 be entitled to send, free 
 
 1 See pp. 224264, infra. 2 See p. 265, infra. 
 
 (a) See sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 
 
2'24 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 33. of any charge for postage, to each registered 
 elector for the constituency, one postal com- 
 munication containing matter relating to 
 the election only, and not exceeding two 
 ounces in weight : 
 
 Provided that a candidate shall not be 
 entitled to exercise the right of free postage 
 conferred by this provision before he is duly 
 nominated, 3 unless he has given such security 
 as may be required by the Postmaster- 
 General for the payment of postage in case 
 he does not eventually become nominated. 
 
 For the purpose of this provision candi- 
 dates who are, under paragraph (4) of 
 Part V. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt 
 and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, 4 
 deemed to be joint candidates at an election 
 shall be treated as a single candidate. 
 
 NOTE. The First Schedule to the Corrupt and 
 Illegal Practices Act, 1883, with the substitutions 
 in Parts IV. and V. required by sub-sect. ( 1 ) 
 above, is as follows (the provisions set out in the 
 Fourth Schedule to this Act, which contain these 
 substitutions, being printed in italics) : 
 
 " PART I. PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR 
 
 PAYMENT. 
 
 "(1.) One election agent and no more. 
 " (2.) In counties one deputy election agent (in 
 
 3 See pp. 265269, infra. 4 See pp. 229230, infra. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 
 
 this Act referred to as a sub-agent) to act within Sect. 33. 
 each polling district and no more. 
 
 u (3.) One polling agent in each polling station 
 and no more. 
 
 " (4. ) In a borough one clerk and one messenger, 
 or if the number of electors in the borough exceeds 
 five hundred, a number of clerks and messengers 
 not exceeding in number one clerk arid one mes- 
 senger for every complete five hundred electors 
 in the borough, and if there is a number of 
 electors over and above any complete five hundred 
 or complete five hundreds of electors, then one 
 clerk and one messenger may be employed for 
 such number, although not amounting to a com- 
 plete five hundred. 
 
 " (5.) In a county for the central committee room 
 one clerk and one messenger, or if the number of 
 electors in the county exceeds five thousand, then 
 a number of clerks and messengers not exceeding 
 in number one clerk and one messenger for every 
 complete five thousand electors in the county ; 
 and if there is a number of electors over and above 
 any complete five thousand or complete five thou- 
 sands of electors, then one clerk and one messenger 
 may be employed for such number, although not 
 amounting to a complete five thousand. 
 
 " (6.) In a county a number of clerks and mes- 
 sengers not exceeding in number one clerk and 
 one messenger for each polling district in the 
 county, or where the number of electors in a 
 polling district exceeds five hundred one clerk 
 and one messenger for every complete five hundred 
 F. 15 
 
226 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. electors in the polling district, and if there is a 
 number of electors over and above any complete 
 five hundred or complete five hundreds of electors, 
 then one clerk and one messenger maybe employed 
 for such number, although not amounting to a 
 complete five hundred : Provided always, that the 
 number of clerks and messengers so allowed in 
 any county may be employed in any polling 
 district where their services may be required. 
 
 * " (7.) Any such paid election agent, sub-agent, 
 polling agent, clerk, and messenger may or may 
 not be an elector, but may not vote.* 
 
 f " (8.) In the case of the boroughs of East Ret- 
 ford, Shoreham, Cricklade, Much Wenlock, and 
 Aylesbury, the provisions of this part of this 
 schedule shall apply as if such borough were a 
 county, t 
 
 "PART II. LEGAL EXPENSES IN ADDITION TO 
 EXPENSES UNDER PART I. 
 
 J " (1 .) Sums paid to the returning officer for his 
 charges not exceeding the amount authorised by 
 the Act 38 & 39 Viet. c. 84. { 
 
 ." (2.) The personal expenses of the candidate. 
 
 "(3.) The expenses of printing, the expenses 
 
 * This paragraph is repealed by sect. 9 (4) (p. 115, supra), 
 sect. 47 (1) (p. 337, infra), and the Eighth Schedule (p. 398, infra) 
 ofjjthe present Act. 
 
 t By virtue of the Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885, s. 2 and 
 First Schedule, Part I., these boroughs have ceased to exist, and 
 although that Act has been repealed by the present Act, these 
 boroughs have not been granted separate representation under the 
 redistribution effected by the present Act. 
 
 | -$ This paragraph is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1 ), 
 p. 337, and Eighth Schedule, p. 398, infra. 
 
ELECTION EXPENSES. 227 
 
 of advertising, and the expenses of publishing, sect. 33. 
 issuing, and distributing addresses and notices. 
 
 "(4.) The expenses of stationery, messages, 
 postage, and telegrams. 
 
 " (5.) The expenses of holding public meetings. 
 
 "(6.) In a borough the expenses of one com- 
 mittee room, and if the number of electors in the 
 borough exceeds five hundred then of a number 
 of committee rooms not exceeding the number 
 of one committee room for every complete five 
 hundred electors in the borough, and if there is 
 a number of electors over and above any com- 
 plete five hundred or complete five hundreds of 
 electors, then of one committee room for such 
 number, although not amounting to a complete 
 five hundred. 
 
 "(7.) In a county the expenses of a central 
 committee room, and in addition of a number of 
 committee rooms not exceeding in number one 
 committee room for each polling district in the 
 county, and where the number of electors in a 
 polling district exceeds five hundred one addi- 
 tional committee room may be hired for every 
 complete five hundred electors in such polling 
 district over and above the first five hundred. 
 
 * . 
 
 " PART III. MAXIMUM FOR MISCELLANEOUS 
 MATTERS. 
 
 " Expenses in respect of miscellaneous matters 
 other than those mentioned in. Part I. and Part II. 
 of this schedule not exceeding in the whole the 
 maximum amount of two hundred pounds, so 
 
 15(2) 
 
228 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. nevertheless that such expenses are not incurred 
 in respect of any matter or in any manner con- 
 stituting an offence under this or any other Act, 
 or in respect of any matter or thing, payment 
 for which is expressly prohibited by this or any 
 other Act. 
 
 "PART IV. MAXIMUM SCALE. 
 " The expenses mentioned above in Parts 1., II. , 
 and III. of this schedule, other than personal expenses 
 and the fee, if any, paid to the election agent (not 
 exceeding in the case of a county election seventy-five 
 pounds and in the case of a borough election (c) fifty 
 pounds , without reckoning for the purposes of that 
 limit any part of the fee which may have been included 
 in the expenses first above mentioned) shall not exceed 
 an amount equal 
 
 in the case of a county election, to sevenpence for 
 
 each elector on the register ; 
 
 in the case of an election for a borough, to fivepence 
 for each elector on the register (d). 
 
 " PART V. GENERAL. 
 
 * " (1.) In the case of the boroughs of East Ret- 
 ford, Shoreham, Cricklade, Much Wenlock, and 
 Aylesbury, the provisions 'of Parts II., III. 
 and IV. of this schedule shall apply as if such 
 borough were a county.* 
 
 "(2.) For the purposes of this schedule the 
 
 (c) The words "borough election" would appear to include an 
 election for a university constituency. See p. 281, infra. 
 
 (d] These words in italics are part of the Fourth Schedule to the 
 present Act, set out at p. 363, infra. See sect. 33 (1), p. 223, supra. 
 
 * See footnote (f ) on p. 226, supra. 
 
ELECTION EXPENSES. 
 
 number of electors shall be taken according to Sect. 33. 
 the enumeration of the electors in the register of 
 electors. 
 
 " (3.) Where there are two or more joint candidates 
 at an election the maximum amount of expenses men- 
 tioned in Parts III. and IV. of this schedule shall, 
 for each of the joint candidates, be the amount pro- 
 duced by multiplying a single candidates maximum 
 by one-and-a-half and dividing the result by the number 
 of joint candidates (f). 
 
 "(4.) Where the same election agent is ap- 
 pointed by or on behalf of two or more candidates 
 at an election, or where two or more candidates, 
 by themselves or any agent or agents, hire or use 
 the same committee rooms for such election, or 
 employ or use the services of the same sub-agents, 
 clerks, messengers, or polling agents at such elec- 
 tion, or publish a joint address or joint circular 
 or notice at such election, those candidates shall 
 be deemed for the purposes of this enactment to 
 be joint candidates at such election. 
 u Provided that 
 
 u (a) The employment and use of the same 
 committee room, sub-agent, clerk, 
 messenger, or polling agent, if acci- 
 dental or casual, or of a trivial and 
 unimportant character, shall not be 
 deemed of itself to constitute persons 
 joint candidates. 
 
 " (b) Nothing in this enactment shall prevent 
 candidates from ceasing to be joint 
 candidates. 
 
 (/) See footnote (d) on preceding page. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. " (c) Where any excess of expenses above the 
 
 maximum allowed for one of two or 
 more joint candidates has arisen owing 
 to his having ceased to be a joint 
 candidate, or to his having become a 
 joint candidate after having begun to 
 conduct his election as a separate can- 
 didate, and such ceasing or beginning 
 was in good faith, and such excess is 
 not more than under the circumstances 
 is reasonable, and the total expenses 
 of such candidate do not exceed the 
 maximum amount allowed for a sepa- 
 rate candidate, such excess shall be 
 deemed to have arisen from a rea- 
 sonable cause within the meaning of 
 the enactments respecting the allow- 
 . ance by the High Court or election 
 court of an exception (/) from the pro- 
 visions of this Act which would other- 
 wise make an act an illegal practice, 
 and the candidate and his election 
 agent may be relieved accordingly 
 from the consequences of having in- 
 curred such excess of expenses." 
 
 In order to understand the meaning and effect 
 of sect. 33 of the present Act and the First 
 Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices 
 Act, 1883, as altered by such section, it is neces- 
 
 (/) See sect. 23 of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883, 
 under which the Court has power to except an expenditure in 
 excess of the maximum from being an illegal practice. 
 
ELECTION EXPENSES. 231 
 
 sary to notice sect. 8 of the Corrupt and Illegal sect. 33. 
 Practices Act, 1883, which is as follows : 
 
 "(1.) Subject to such exception (g) as may be 
 allowed in pursuance of this Act, no sum shall be 
 paid and no expense shall be incurred by a can- 
 didate at an election or his election agent, whether 
 before, during, or after an election, on account of 
 or in respect of the conduct or management of 
 such election, in excess of any maximum amount 
 in that behalf specified in the First Schedule to 
 this Act. 
 
 "(2.) Any candidate or election agent who 
 knowingly acts in contravention of this section 
 shall be guilty of an illegal practice/' 
 
 Sect. 33 of the present Act deals with the maxi- 
 mum amount which a candidate is allowed to 
 spend on election expenses by referring to the 
 First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Prac- 
 tices Act, 1883, and incorporating in that Schedule 
 certain new provisions in substitution for existing 
 provisions therein. For the sake of completeness 
 and clearness it may be useful to deal generally 
 in the present Note with the subject-matter of 
 that Schedule. 
 
 The maximum amount which a candidate at a 
 parliamentary election can legally spend must be 
 calculated according to the scale set forth in 
 Part IV. (as altered (h) by the present Act) of the 
 First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, 
 which is set out on p. 228 above. 
 
 The expenses in respect of which this maximum 
 
 (g] See sect. 23 of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act, 1883. 
 (//) See sect. 33 (1) of the present Act, p. 223, supra. 
 
232 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 38. amount can be legally incurred are those men- 
 tioned in Parts I., II. and III.(^). excluding from 
 such maximum amount personal expenses (A), the 
 additional fee if any paid to the election agent (i \ 
 and the expenses of conveying voters by sea in 
 order to reach the polling place if such conveyance 
 is necessary (/). 
 
 It should be remembered that the amount not 
 exceeding 200/. allowed under the heading of 
 miscellaneous expenses in Part III. (k) of the First 
 Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, must 
 be reckoned as part of the maximum amount cal- 
 culated according to the scale in Part IV. (7). 
 
 The personal expenses which are allowed to be 
 excluded from the maximum amount are " per- 
 sonal expenses incurred by him (the candidate) 
 on account of or in connexion with or incidental 
 to (the) election to an amount not exceeding one 
 hundred pounds " (m). 
 
 The additional fee, if any, paid to the election 
 agent, apart from any fee included in the expenses 
 mentioned in Parts I., II. and III. (g] of the First 
 Schedule, must not exceed in the case of a county 
 election 75/., and in the case of a borough election 
 50/. (/). 
 
 As to Part I. of the First Schedule to the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883 (set out at pp. 224226, 
 
 (</) Set out on pp. 224 228, supra. 
 
 (A) Part H. (2) and Part IV. of First Schedule to Corrupt Prac- 
 tices Act, 1883, set out on pp. 226 and 228, supra. 
 (t) Part IV., p. 228, supra. 
 (V ) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 48. 
 (k) Set out on pp. 227228, supra. 
 (1} See Part IV. set out at p. 228, supra, 
 (m) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 31 (1) ; see also ibid. s. 64. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 233 
 
 supra), u Persons legally employed for payment" Sect. 33. 
 In addition to the persons here referred to, a 
 candidate may legally employ any person whose 
 employment arises in consequence of the candi- 
 date incurring any of the expenses authorised 
 (1) under Part II. (> of the First Schedule to the 
 Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, unless such employ- 
 ment is otherwise prohibited, or (2) under sect. 48 
 of that Act in the conveyance of voters by sea in 
 the cases specified in such section. 
 
 Where a county or borough is divided, each 
 division is considered a separate constituency (0). 
 
 If the candidate employs any person for 
 payment other than those mentioned above, 
 he is guilty of an illegal practice (j), and if 
 elected his election will be void (q). Further, on 
 summary conviction he is liable to a fine of 
 100/. (r), and if reported guilty by an election 
 court is incapable for seven years of being 
 elected to or sitting in the House of Commons 
 for the county or borough within which the illegal 
 practice has been committed (q\ and in both 
 cases (q) he is also incapable for five years of 
 being registered as an elector, or voting at any 
 parliamentary election, or election for a public 
 office (s), held for or within the county or borough 
 
 () Set out on pp. 226227, supra. 
 
 () Sect. 37 (1) (2), and sect. 41 (l),pp. 282 and 305 respectively. 
 
 (p) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 21 (2). 
 
 (q) Ibid. 8. 11. 
 
 (r] Ibid. 68. 10, 43 (4). 
 
 (s) Ibid. s. 64. 
 
234 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. within which the illegal practice has been com- 
 mitted. 
 
 Where a person is primarily employed in one 
 capacity he is not prohibited from doing work in 
 another capacity, provided that the employment 
 is not a device for evading the Corrupt Practices 
 Act. Thus, in Elgin and Nairn (t) it was proved 
 that M. had been appointed one of the respondent's 
 polling agents, and had been paid seventeen guineas 
 for his services. M. was acquainted with most of 
 the voters in the district, and he admitted that 
 both on the polling day and previous to it he had 
 urged voters to vote. Counsel contended that M. 
 was substantially a sub-agent, and that his appoint- 
 ment was a breach of sect. 17 of the Act of 1883. 
 The Court decided against this contention, and in 
 giving judgment Lord McLaren said (u) : "The 
 objection is, not that the total number of salaried 
 agents authorised by the statute was exceeded, 
 but that while, ex facie of the letters of appoint- 
 ment, Mr. Gr. had no more agents of the various 
 classes than the statute authorised, yet the per- 
 sons were employed and paid nominally in one 
 capacity, but with the intention, arid, I suppose, 
 under contract, that they should render services 
 in another capacity. Now, the enactment that is 
 said to have been violated is sect. 17 of the Act 
 of 1883, and that section prohibits the engage- 
 ment or the employment for payment for any 
 purpose or in any capacity, except for any pur- 
 
 (0 (1895), 50. &H. 13, 14. 
 () Ibid, at pp. 13, 14, 15. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOK PAYMENT. 
 
 235 
 
 poses or capacities mentioned in the First and 
 Second Schedules thereof ; the persons who may 
 be employed as enumerated in the Schedule are 
 an election agent, who has the supervision of the 
 candidate's affairs generally, and then for each 
 district there may be a sub-agent, a polling agent, 
 a clerk, and a messenger. The duties of these 
 officers are not very strictly defined. I do not 
 think there is any definition of the duties of a 
 sub-agent, but it sufficiently appears that he is a 
 person through whom payments may be made at 
 the request of the principal agent. In all other 
 respects his agency seems to be perfectly general 
 ... a polling agent is a person who is to repre- 
 sent a candidate in the polling booth to detect 
 personation. . . . The general and leading pur- 
 pose, I think, of sect. 17 is to keep down expen- 
 diture by prohibiting the employment of a larger 
 number of persons than are mentioned in the 
 Schedule. It may very well be that the clause 
 would also prohibit the employment for money 
 of an agent to perform additional duties to those 
 which are indicated by his name or by his descrip- 
 tion ; but in order to invalidate an election because 
 an agent has performed duties additional to those 
 for which he is expressly engaged, it would be 
 necessary, at least, that we should have a case 
 very clearly proved ; and it is evident that it 
 would always be extremely difficult to establish 
 a case of that description of colourable employ- 
 ment of a man in one capacity, in order that he 
 might perform duties in another capacity . . . 
 
 Sect. 33. 
 
236 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. as I read the Election Acts, the employe is in no 
 way inhibited from using his personal exertions 
 as an elector to influence the votes of other elec- 
 tors ; nor, so far as I see, is there any restriction 
 on the right of a paid agent or officer to render 
 services to the candidate such as he may think 
 fitting, except that he cannot be employed in the 
 payment of election expenses unless he is the 
 sub-agent." 
 
 In Lichfield(x) Pollock, B., said : " It was fairly 
 admitted by counsel that some of the persons who 
 were employed as clerks had acted as canvassers. 
 The question, therefore, is whether that was done 
 honestly or was culpable. It is not because a 
 man, who is employed to act as a clerk for only 
 part of the day, or for some possibly trivial or 
 small matters, such as the directing of envelopes, 
 or what-not ; it is not because he occupies that 
 time which is his own that he is to be robbed of 
 the ordinary right of a citizen to go about and 
 take an interest in an election where he cares for 
 the politics involved, and to canvass. The ques- 
 tion, therefore, in this case, as in others, is : Was 
 there a canvassing either by the direct direction 
 of the sitting member or his agent, or by their 
 knowledge, in the sense that they not merely 
 knew that there was canvassing done, in fact, 
 . . . but that the canvassing was such that the 
 fair assumption would be that it was illegal ? As 
 to that I entirely agree with the judgment in the 
 Elgin case(^)." 
 
 (x) (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 28, 29. (//) Ibid. p. 13. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 
 
 Where persons are bon& fide employed in a Sect 33. 
 manner not forbidden by the law, e.g. to take out 
 and deliver bills, this will not make them mes- 
 sengers. On the other hand, if their employ- 
 ment in regard to the bills is a mere device to 
 evade the provisions of the Corrupt Practices Act 
 as to the number of messengers who may be em- 
 ployed, the employment would be illegal. The 
 same observations apply to the employment of 
 persons who are legally employed for any pur- 
 pose, and who happen to be employed to do the 
 copying work. This does not make them clerks 
 unless the employment is colourable, and for the 
 purpose of evading the Act. 
 
 In the words of Cave, J., in Pontefract (#) : 
 " The number of clerks, that is to say, the persons 
 who attend upon the committee, is limited. The 
 number of messengers who are supposed to go on 
 messages from one committee room to another, 
 or to fetch a particular individual who happens to 
 be wanted, is also limited. On the other hand, 
 mere clerical work has not in every case to be 
 done by clerks ; but obviously, if they have other 
 duties, you may employ persons who give them- 
 selves out for doing clerical work to do it, and 
 the mere fact that they are employed to do 
 clerical work, writing addresses, cbpying out 
 documents, or things of that kind, does not at 
 all, in my judgment, necessarily make them clerks ; 
 nor again, if other persons are employed to take 
 out and deliver bills, does that make them, in my 
 
 (z) (1893), Day's Election Cases, pp. 129, 130. 
 
238 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. 
 
 Canvassing, 
 handbills, 
 addresses, 
 and notices. 
 
 judgment, messengers. In both these cases, no 
 doubt, if there is only colourable employment of 
 these people, if there is an intention of evading 
 the Act, it would bring the offender at once 
 within its provisions." 
 
 In Stepney Division (a\ in the recriminatory 
 case, it was proved that about twenty men were 
 employed by the petitioner's agent to distribute 
 on the polling day in the neighbourhood of the 
 polling stations handbills, twelve inches long by 
 eight inches broad, headed, " Stepney Election, 
 Thursday, November 26. From 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. 
 Facts worth remembering at the poll." Then 
 followed six paragraphs containing certain state- 
 ments about the qualifications of the petitioner to 
 be elected, and concluding thus : " Mr. I. will be 
 the winning candidate if his friends will poll 
 early and mark their voting papers thus." Then 
 followed a copy of the ballot paper with the 
 respondent's name in very small letters, and the 
 petitioner's name in very large letters, with a X 
 after it. Denman, J., said that these bills would 
 be most appropriately described as " canvassing 
 handbills," but the judges were divided in opinion 
 as to whether it was an illegal practice or expense 
 to distribute bills of this kind. 
 
 In B 'arrow-in- Fur ness (#), the respondent and his 
 agent had incurred expense and employed people 
 in distributing, posting, or printing documents, 
 which included a letter written by a distinguished 
 
 (a) (1886), 4 0. & H. 52. 
 (fe) Ibid. 76. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 239 
 
 statesman to an alderman of the borough and Sect - 33 - 
 notices " Vote for Duncan" ; and the Court, having 
 regard to other parts of the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, such as sect. 18, held that such expense 
 was not illegal, and that such documents were 
 " addresses and notices " under Part II. of the 
 First Schedule. The Court intimated, however, 
 that offensive pictures and statements might be 
 illegal. 
 
 In Finsbury(c) counsel for the petitioner ob- Billposters. 
 jected to the votes of two persons as having been 
 employed by the respondent as bill-posters. It 
 appeared that the men carried on business as bill- 
 posters, and contracted with the respondent to 
 post bills on his behalf . Cave, J., said(J): "If 
 the work is of a kind, which can be done for 
 both parties it does not disqualify. These men 
 were not engaged in an employment requiring 
 personal service, and which, therefore, could not 
 be rendered to both sides at the same time. They 
 were bill-posters, and were not bound to go and 
 post bills with their own hands. They might post 
 them themselves if they liked, or might employ 
 men, as they in fact did, to post them. It is all 
 a question for the contractor how he will fulfil 
 his contract, and he is not bound to abstain from 
 posting the bills himself if he likes to do so." 
 Vaughan Williams, J., said(: " ID 30 & 31 
 Viet. c. 102, s. 11, the disqualifying words are 
 
 (c) (1892), 4 0. & H. 176. 
 
 (d) Ibid. 177. 
 () Ibid. 
 
canvassers. 
 
 240 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. i agent, canvasser, clerk, messenger, or other 
 like employment.' That means an employment 
 ejusdem generis, and I do not think these gentlemen 
 were employed in any employment of that kind." 
 Payment of The payment of canvassers is an illegal pay- 
 ment, and if, under the guise of canvassing for 
 registration, men are sent out by the candidate, 
 his election agent, or sub-agent, to canvass for 
 the election and are paid for such canvassing, this 
 would be an illegal practice, which would con- 
 sequently make the election void(/). 
 
 In Rochester (g) Cave, J., said: u No less than 
 300 persons of the lower class of voters have been 
 employed going about with what purports to be a 
 canvassing book, but which appears to have been 
 employed for registration purposes. If they were 
 all paid at 5s., as, admittedly, the man Knight 
 was paid, if they did no more work than Knight 
 did, I should have very little hesitation in coming 
 to the conclusion that the whole of that employ- 
 ment was collusive, and that that was a case of 
 bribery on a very extensive scale. Fortunately 
 for the respondent, that is not the way in which 
 it was put before us in the particulars." 
 
 No illegal act is committed, however, if there- 
 is only that species of canvassing which is con- 
 nected with registration, and not that kind of 
 canvassing which attends upon an election (Ji). 
 
 (/) Per Cave, J., in Stepney (Borough] (1892), Day's Election 
 Cases, 119. See also p. 236, supra. 
 
 (g) (1892), Day's Election Cases, 102103. 
 
 (A) Per Cave, J., in Stepney (Borough] (1892), Day's Election 
 Cases, 119. 
 
PERSONS LEGALLY EMPLOYED FOR PAYMENT. 
 
 In Ipswich (i) it was held illegal to hire persons sect. 33. 
 to keep order at meetings. On the other hand, Employment 
 
 . i , i i i i f persons to 
 
 there can be no objection to the employment keep order, 
 of unpaid volunteers to put down disturbances, 
 and where any serious disorder is apprehended it 
 may be a wise proceeding to swear in such volun- 
 teers as special constables " (). 
 
 " If a man were so obnoxious to his fellows 
 that they could not resist the desire to fall upon 
 him and do him an injury whenever they met 
 him, even if it were at a public meeting at which 
 they would otherwise have behaved themselves 
 in an orderly manner, he would not be guilty of 
 an illegal practice if he were to pay men to 
 protect him "(7). 
 
 In Barrow-in-Furness(m} it was proved that at Payment may 
 
 11,11- be in kind. 
 
 a meeting summoned by the election agent ior 
 the respondent, at which about 400 persons were 
 present, it was agreed, with the sanction of the 
 respondent and the election agent, to provide 
 refreshments on the polling day, at the expense 
 of the respondent, to 441 persons who were 
 designated " workers," and who were to take an 
 active part in the election on behalf of the respon- 
 dent. Of the persons who partook of the re- 
 freshment 226 were voters. The refreshments 
 consisted of a pork pie, a sandwich, and a cup of 
 coffee for each person, and were distributed in 
 the various committee rooms. 
 
 (i) (1886), 4 0. & H. 74. 
 (k) Ibid, per Cave, J. 
 (Z) Ibid. 72, 73. 
 (m) Ibid. 78, 79. 
 F. 16 
 
243 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sectjss. The Court held that there had been illegal 
 payment within the meaning of sect. IT of the 
 Corrupt Practices Act, and, as the employment 
 was by the respondent and his election agent, 
 that there had been an illegal practice, and the 
 election was therefore declared void. 
 
 As to Parts II. and III. (m) of the First Schedule 
 to the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, and the general 
 principles as to what constitute election expenses. As 
 was indicated above (w), the First Schedule to the 
 Corrupt arid Illegal Practices Act, 1883, must be 
 read with sect. 8 (o) of that Act. In that section 
 occur the words, " expenses incurred on account 
 of or in respect of the conduct or management of 
 such election." 
 
 What, then, do these words include ? First, in 
 order to understand their meaning, it is necessary 
 to know when the election begins and when it 
 ends. 
 
 As to the question When does the election 
 begin ? the Courts have consistently refused to 
 lay down any definite rule on the point. Each 
 case must be considered with reference to its par- 
 ticular circumstances (p). The Court will take into 
 consideration the whole of the facts, the nature, 
 extent, and amount of the work done, and of the 
 expenses incurred ; the question how far the 
 operations of the candidate were continuous up 
 
 (ni) Set out on pp. 226228, supra. 
 
 (n) See pp. 230231, supra. 
 
 (o) Set out at p. 231, supra. 
 
 (p) See the observations of Lawrance, J., and Pickford, J., in 
 East Dorset (1910), 6 0. & H. at pp. 39, 40, and pp. 49, 50, respec- 
 tively. 
 
WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 243 
 
 to the election or were intermittent ; and, above Sect. 38. 
 all, whether the evidence goes to show that every- 
 thing has been done in good faith, or whether, 
 on the other hand, it shows an attempt to evade 
 the Corrupt Practices Act. 
 
 "It is impossible to say that only those expenses 
 are to be returned which are incurred after the 
 writ is issued. The time which elapses in many 
 cases between the issue of the writ and the date 
 of the election (q) is too short to admit of the neces- 
 sary preparations being made for conducting the . 
 election, and it is absolutely essential that pre- 
 parations of that kind should be begun and 
 expenses should be incurred in anticipation of 
 the issue of the writ. There is nothing in the 
 Act which forbids expenses being incurred before 
 the issue of the writ ; there is nothing in the Act 
 which forbids the candidate to incur such expenses. 
 The Act, no doubt, requires that they should be 
 paid by the election agent, and so long as they 
 are paid by the election agent it does not re- 
 quire that they should in all cases be incurred 
 by him" (r). 
 
 " For some reason, good or bad," said Lord 
 Kyllachy in Elgin and Nairn (s\ u the Legislature 
 has confined the enactment to expenses which can 
 be attributed to the i conduct and management of 
 the election ' ; and these words, as it seems to me, 
 at least suggest and contemplate an election, which 
 is not in nubibus, but is reasonably imminent. . . . 
 
 (q) See pp. 179 180, supra. v 
 
 (r) Per Cave, J., in Rochester (1892), 5 0. & H. at p. 159. 
 () (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 10, 12. 
 16(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. Accordingly, while I think that the Act indicates 
 plainly enough the kind of period which it con- 
 templates, it contains nothing in the shape of 
 hard-and-fast definition ; and, that being so, I 
 apprehend the result is that it is left to us, as 
 election judges, and it becomes our duty, to con- 
 sider each case with respect to its own facts, and 
 to say in each case whether or not special circum- 
 stances exist requiring us to hold that the election 
 began prior to what I may call the normal period. 
 In considering that question I apprehend we are 
 to have regard to the whole facts the nature of 
 the work done, and of the expenses incurred ; the 
 extent and amount of that work, and of those 
 expenses ; the question how far the operations of 
 the candidate were continuous up to the election 
 or were intermittent, taking the shape merely of 
 periodical visits to the constituency. Above all, 
 we are, I apprehend, to have regard to this, 
 whether we have before us evidence of any at- 
 tempt to evade the Act evidence, for example, 
 of profuse expenditure purposely antedated, so as 
 to escape the Act ; or whether, on the other hand, 
 everything appears to have been done in good 
 faith, and in ordinary course, the pre-election 
 operations and pre-election expenditure being on 
 the whole fair and reasonable that is to say, fair 
 and reasonable, having regard to the position of 
 the candidate and the character of the con- 
 stituency." 
 
 In the same case, Lord McLaren said (r) : 
 Conduct or management of such election ' 
 
 (r) (1895), 5 0. & H. at pp. 5, 6. 
 
 u i 
 
WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 245 
 
 means a definite election within the knowledge Sec *- 33.^ 
 and contemplation of the parties who are engaged 
 in conducting and managing it. ... Again, there 
 may be a case of an unexpected death vacancy, 
 where an election could not be in the thoughts of 
 the people, until the vacancy occurred ; but there 
 may be intermediate cases, and the late general 
 election sufficiently illustrates my meaning the 
 case where there is a vote in the House of Com- 
 mons adverse to the Ministry, and where from the 
 moment when that vote is announced everyone is 
 looking forward to a dissolution of Parliament, 
 with a view to determining whether the Govern- 
 ment of the day is to continue to enjoy the 
 confidence of the country. 1 should certainly 
 hold that from that time the election had begun 
 in the sense of the sections we are considering. 
 I do not say that it may not be begun at an 
 even earlier period. If, for example, a candidate, 
 not proceeding upon any public and patent facts, 
 but trusting to his own political sagacity and 
 looking round the political horizon, thinks that 
 an election is imminent, and proceeds to institute 
 what is called a canvass of the constituency, which 
 he continues without intermission down to the 
 election, it may very well be that in such a case 
 his own judgment as to when it is necessary to 
 attend to his electoral interests shall be taken as 
 fixing the commencement of that particular elec- 
 tion. I think I have said enough to indicate that , 
 in the view of the statute which I adopt, it is 
 impossible to lay down any definite term or to 
 
246 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect.jss. deal with this otherwise than as a question of fact 
 in which the general political history of the period 
 and the conduct of the individual candidate are 
 both to be taken into account." 
 
 In a subsequent case, Pollock, B., said (5), after 
 referring to this judgment: "I entirely agree 
 with Lord McLaren when he said that what is 
 meant by an election is a definite election within 
 the knowledge and contemplation of the par- 
 ties " 
 
 "I think," said Hawkins, J., in Walsall(t), 
 " the limit of time to which we ought to apply 
 our minds is a period commencing from the time 
 when it was first known that the respondent 
 announced his intention to present himself as 
 a candidate for election at the next ensuing 
 election." 
 
 " As soon as a candidate begins to hold meet- 
 ings in the constituency to advance his candi- 
 daturein other words, as soon as he begins to 
 take measures to promote the election the elec- 
 tion commences. ... I therefore hold," said 
 Bruce, J., in Lichfield(u\ " that the expenses of 
 that meeting, and the expenses incurred after 
 that date to promote Mr. F.'s candidature, were 
 election expenses, and that there was a neglect 
 to comply with the requirements of the statute in 
 not returning those expenses." 
 
 (a) Lichfield (1895), 6 0. & H. at p. 35. 
 
 (0 (1892), 4 O. &H. at p. 125; approved by Pollock, B., in 
 Lichfield (1895), 5 0. & H. p. 36. 
 (u) (1895), 5 O. & H. at pp. 37, 38. 
 
WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 247 
 
 In Lancaster (x), a year later, Pollock, B., said : Sect. 83. 
 
 "I must say, with all who have gone before 
 me, in giving judgment upon this point, the 
 statute does not state when the election begins. 
 It says many things as to the appointment of an 
 agent and the incurring of election expenses, 
 which might point, with the words ' or manage- 
 ment of the election,' to this meaning that the 
 election did not commence until there was an 
 actual election, and an election agent actually 
 appointed ; but the judges have not accepted that 
 construction. The judges have very properly re- 
 jected it, and they have said, i We can go behind 
 that and start from an earlier date ? ; but still it 
 is entirely a matter, I will not say of discretion, 
 but of sound judgment, to say how far you may 
 go back. . . . Now, I want to say one word about 
 the case we had before us the other day at Lich- 
 field, because we found there that the election 
 had commenced at some period many weeks, at 
 any rate, before the election itself. But we found 
 that fact because a person who was an absolute 
 stranger to the district, who lived at a distance, 
 but who had a considerable command of money, 
 commenced his connection with the district by 
 sending forward an agent, by providing large 
 inordinate sums of money to one or two political 
 institutions and clubs, by running a newspaper, 
 and more than one newspaper, at his own expense, 
 and then, when that had been so for a certain 
 time, coming himself and saying, i I am your 
 
 (x) (1896), 5 0. & H. at pp. 45, 46. 
 
248 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. candidate.' I hold, and I should always hold, 
 when a man puts himself in that position, although 
 it may be some time before the election, that he 
 cannot be heard to say that the election has not 
 begun." 
 
 In the same case (y) Bruce, J., laid down the 
 law as follows : 
 
 " No definition and no definite rule can be laid 
 down as to the time when an election begins. 
 The Legislature has not fixed any definite period, 
 and I think it is not for the judges to attempt to 
 lay down a general definition which the Legis- 
 lature has carefully avoided doing. I conceive 
 that Lord Kyllachy, in the late Scotch case, Elgin 
 and Nairn (#), laid down the true rule when he 
 said, * I apprehend that the result is that it is left 
 to us as election judges, and it becomes our duty, 
 to consider each case with respect to its own facts, 
 and to say in each* case whether or not special cir- 
 cumstances exist requiring us to hold that the 
 election began prior to what I may call the 
 normal period'; and so Lord McLaren says, i It 
 is im possible to lay down any definite term or to 
 deal with this otherwise than as a question of fact, 
 in which the general political history of the period 
 and the conduct of the individual candidate are 
 both to be taken into account.' And so Haw- 
 kins, J., in the Walsall case (a), ' The commence- 
 ment of agency must be determined in each case 
 
 (y) (1896), 5 0. & H. at pp. 60, 51. 
 () (1895), 5 0. & H. at p. 12. 
 (a) (1892), 4 O. & H. at p. 125. 
 
WHEN DOES THE ELECTION BEGIN ? 249 
 
 by the particular circumstances of the case.' . . . Sect. 33. 
 But the limit of time is not the only question to 
 be considered. Even after a person has become 
 a candidate, he is only liable to return expenses 
 incurred in the conduct or management of the 
 election. The question of the time of the com- 
 mencement of the candidature is only one element 
 to be considered." 
 
 In East Dorset (b\ Pickford, J., when dealing 
 with the question of election expenses, said : 
 " That depends upon when did the election begin, 
 and what was the nature of the expenses ? I 
 have done my best ... to find some principle 
 that could be laid down ; but I do not think it is 
 possible to find one, and I find myself bound to 
 say, as the other judges have said in many other 
 cases, that we must look to the facts of the par- 
 ticular case. When you once get beyond what 
 was suggested by a learned judge (c), that you must 
 look at the date of the issue of the writ and the 
 appointment of the election agent when you 
 once get past that (and that has been rejected 
 over and over again) it must be a question of fact 
 and degree in every case." 
 
 " To my mind," said Cave, J., in Norwich(d\ 
 41 there is a great distinction between the expenses 
 of getting a candidate and the expense of pro- 
 moting his election after you have got him. If 
 the primary and direct and real object is to get a 
 candidate, I think that the expenses incurred in 
 
 (6) (1910), 60. & H at p. 49. 
 
 (c) See the observations of Grantham, J., in Great Yarmouth 
 (1906), 50. &H. at p. 193. 
 
 (d) Norwich (1886), 4 0. & H. at p. 85. 
 
250 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. so doing are not within the Act, although indi- 
 rectly they may promote the interests of the 
 party. If the nominal object is to get a candi- 
 date, but the real object is to promote the election 
 of the individual candidate, then I should say it 
 would be within the Act." 
 
 In the same case, Denman, J., said (d) : " Ac- 
 cording to my view, these expenses for the meet- 
 ing were not really in substance expenses incurred 
 in the conduct or management of that election ; 
 they were expenses incurred in order to induce a 
 particular person to become a candidate, and the 
 two things are, in my judgment, totally distinct. 
 I think, therefore, that, until the respondent had 
 consented to become a candidate, the payment 
 was not a payment on his behalf." 
 Whether As to the question whether the expenses of 
 
 expenses of . . , 
 
 public meet- public meetings (e) and political lectures are elec- 
 ticai lectures" tion expenses, and therefore ought to be included in 
 tn ^ return, the judgment of the Court in Hagger- 
 ston(f) showed that this is a question of fact which 
 must always depend on the particular circum- 
 stances of each case, If the meeting in question 
 was called with the direct object of advancing 
 the election of the candidate, and not merely for 
 the purpose of advancing political principles, then 
 the expenses of the meeting would be election 
 expenses. 
 
 (d) Norwich (1886), 4 O. & H. at p. 86. 
 
 () By sect, 34 of the present Act (see pp. 269270, infra], 
 expenses of public meetings for the purpose of promoting or pro- 
 curing the election of a candidate must be authorised in writing by 
 the election agent and returned as election expenses. 
 
 (/) (1896), 5 0. & H. at p. 72. 
 
EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS. 
 
 In the case just mentioned (g) the election took Sect. S3 
 place on July 17th, 1895. The respondent ad- 
 mitted that he became a candidate on November 
 17th, 1892. The legal maximum of expenses 
 was 500, and the respondent returned an expen- 
 diture of 319. Expenses had been incurred 
 between 1892 and the date of the election by the 
 Haggerston Unionist Council, of which the re- 
 spondent was president, in organising meetings 
 and lectures, the payment of officers, and pay- 
 ments on account of illustrated almanacs con- 
 taining matter in support of the respondent's 
 candidature, pamphlets containing his speeches, 
 pledge cards and portrait cards, &c. It was 
 contended that these expenses were election ex- 
 penses, and that they would make the respon- 
 dent's election expenses above the legal maxi- 
 mum. 
 
 As to the expense in respect of the public 
 meetings, Bruce, J.(A)> said : 
 
 " Of course, public meetings cannot be held 
 without expense, but in my opinion the expenses 
 of such meetings are not election expenses, unless 
 the meetings are in some way connected with the 
 election of the candidate. A meeting that is 
 called for general political purposes does not, I 
 think, become an election meeting, merely because 
 a candidate attends it, nor even because some 
 allusions are made to his candidature. Every 
 meeting of any kind that a candidate attends may 
 
 (</) Ibid, at p. 69. 
 (h] Ibid. 
 
252 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 33. have the effect of increasing his popularity and 
 making him better known to the electors, but 
 incidental matters of that kind do not alter the 
 character as regards the expense of the meetings. 
 In each case it must be a question of fact whether 
 the main object of the meeting is to promote the 
 election of the candidate. The lectures in 1893, 
 about which we have heard so much, were, no 
 doubt, of a political character, but they were 
 lectures to advance political principles ; and I 
 think it would be most mischievous to hold that 
 the expenses of such lectures should be regarded 
 as election expenses. If a candidate opens a 
 bazaar, or lays a foundation stone, or takes the 
 chair at a charity meeting, he may by so doing 
 indirectly tend to promote his election, but the 
 expenses attending such meetings, or the expenses 
 of the candidate attending them, are not to be 
 considered as election expenses. The line must 
 be drawn between meetings called with the direct 
 object of advancing the election of the candidate 
 and meetings called for another object, from 
 attendance at which the candidate only derives 
 some indirect or remote advantage." 
 
 In the same case(e') Wright, J., laid down the 
 law as follows : 
 
 " The giving of lectures for what has here been 
 called the education of the constituency is not at 
 all necessarily an expense on account of the elec- 
 tion, or an election expense. We think it would 
 be unduly confining the methods of political work 
 
 (t) Norwich (1886), 4 O. & H. at p. 70. 
 
EXPENSES ON ACCOUNT OF PAMPHLETS, ETC. 253 
 
 and political enlightenment in this country, if we Sect. 33. 
 were to attempt to lay down any such general 
 rule as that lectures, even though given with a 
 view of advancing the prospects of a particular 
 candidate, are necessarily election expenses ; we 
 think that must depend upon the circumstances 
 in each case." 
 
 As regards the other matters in question, 
 Wright, J., said(&):- 
 
 " The illustrated almanacs containing the 
 matters which they did in support of Mr. L. 
 (the candidate) personally, the pamphlets con- 
 taining his speeches, certainly the pledge . cards, 
 and I think the portrait cards and to some extent 
 the boards, were all matters which were expendi- 
 ture on account of the election, and, in so far as 
 they ought in law to have been held to be expen- 
 diture made by Mr. L. (the candidate), ought to 
 have been included in his return." 
 
 In Great Yarmouth (1} Channell, J., said: 
 
 " Now it seems to me that there are two classes 
 of expenditure which a candidate almost invari- 
 ably does incur, and which he begins to incur 
 from the time, at any rate, when he is announced 
 as a candidate. First of all there is a class of 
 expenses incurred in promoting and disseminating 
 the political opinions of the party to which he 
 belongs, and in holding meetings for the purpose 
 of delivering speeches upon this or that subject 
 which the party politicians have taken up, or 
 
 (&) Ibid. 
 
 (1} (1906), 5 0. & H. at p. 189. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. which they take up in answer to what their 
 opponents are taking up. Expenses must be in- 
 curred in that way by an intending candidate, 
 and a candidate who comes down and makes 
 speeches in support of what are supposed to be 
 the principles of his party is incurring expenses 
 and incurring those expenses with reference to 
 his future election, because he hopes if he can 
 establish the principles of his party to be in a 
 majority in the constituency, so that when he 
 comes to be the actual candidate he will get 
 elected, and so of course he is doing it with 
 reference to his own position as candidate, and 
 in reference to his own election. But in my 
 opinion those expenses, if they can be identified 
 as being in reference to the political views of his 
 party, are not expenses ' in respect of the conduct 
 and management of his election.' ' 
 
 Expenses of In the case last cited Channell, J., after dealing 
 oonstitu- g 3 with the class of expenses referred to in the passage 
 quoted above, said(m): 
 
 " Then there is another class of expenses which 
 is much more doubtful but which always occurs, 
 and that is this, the expenses which a candidate 
 incurs for the purpose of making himself personally 
 popular. There is an expression which is some- 
 times used in these cases and one has to use the 
 slang expressions in these cases and that is 
 ' nursing a constituency.' Now that class of 
 expenses is not, I think, necessarily part of the 
 conduct and management of an election. You 
 
 (m) (1906), 5 0. & H. at p. 190. 
 
EXPENSES OF NURSING CONSTITUENCY. 
 
 have to look carefully at each expense to see Sect. 33. 
 whether it is identified with the particular election 
 in prospect, but speaking generally, expenses of 
 that character would not in my opinion come 
 within i expenses in respect of the conduct and 
 management of the election,' which have to be 
 paid through the election agent, and which have 
 to be kept within a definite maximum. At the 
 same time it is obvious that the very things which 
 are done for the purpose of what I referred to as 
 1 nursing the constituency/ or for promoting the 
 personal popularity of the candidate, would require 
 very careful consideration as to whether or not 
 they come within the corrupt practices, either of 
 bribing or treating. Now it is in that light that 
 we have to consider the matters charged here, 
 and we commence with the various meetings, 
 which were mostly, but not entirely, ward meet- 
 ings. For the reasons I have already given I 
 do not think that the expenses of those meetings 
 would be expenses in the conduct and manage- 
 ment of the election. They no doubt had a slight 
 bearing upon it, for Mr. F. (the candidate) came 
 to address the meetings upon political subjects, 
 but so far as they were t political ' meetings they 
 do not come within the section. So far as they 
 were municipal meetings of course they do not 
 do so either, therefore I do not think they were 
 election expenses." 
 
 In St. George's (n) a question arose as to whether Expenses of 
 
 . . ... committee 
 
 the expenses 01 using a certain room as a committee room. 
 
 (?i) (1895), 5 0. & H. at p. 114. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 33. room should be included under the head of election 
 expenses. It was proved that the petitioner had 
 taken a house in the constituency. He had built 
 at the further end of the yard a room which he 
 had furnished as a club room, and which he had 
 allowed the Radical Association to use as a club 
 for its meetings, and during- the election it was 
 used as a committee room. The petitioner paid 
 all the expenses in connection with the room, and 
 did not include any of them in his return of his 
 election expenses. In giving judgment, Pollock, 
 B., said (o) : 
 
 " When an election is taking place there must 
 be a committee room somewhere, and that com- 
 mittee room must be hired unless the candidate 
 carries it on in his own house, and there must be 
 the expenses of the rent, coals, gas, cleaning, and 
 so forth, and, but for this club room, they must 
 have gone elsewhere ; it was found more con- 
 venient to have this club room, but the people 
 who inhabited it were the people who were 
 workers for the election : therefore it seems to 
 me that these were election expenses. The de- 
 cision in this case is important, because it is just 
 one of those little things that, until the law is 
 known, may prove a source of difficulty in the 
 minds of persons who are not acquainted with 
 the law, and it is as well that they should know 
 in the future that, unless they make a return of 
 such expenses, they are guilty of a breach of the 
 Act of Parliament.' 7 
 
 (o) (1895), 50. &H. at p. 115. 
 
REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 257 
 
 Willes, J., in dealing with the question of regis- Sect 33. 
 tration expenses under the old statute (Corrupt Registration 
 Practices Act, 1863, s. 4) in 1869 in Penryn(p), note?e&tioi e 
 went no further than to say : " These are ex- e 
 penses which could not, as 1 read the Act, probably 
 come into a properly framed account, though I 
 should not like to advise anyone to leave them 
 out who was anxious to avoid the penalties of not 
 accounting." 
 
 In more recent years, however, the Court has 
 held that such expenses may be lawfully paid. 
 But if the candidate does expend money in this 
 way, he should be careful to do it in such a way 
 that it cannot be suggested against him that it 
 was really a payment for the purpose of pro- 
 moting his election. 
 
 " It seems to me," said Vaughan Williams, J., 
 in Stepney (q\ " that although registration ex- 
 penses may lawfully be paid for by the candi- 
 date, the candidate is doing a very imprudent 
 and unwise thing, if he chooses to pay those 
 expenses by way of a subscription to an associa- 
 tion like this Stepney Conservative Association. 
 It did not confine its operations to registration. 
 . . . They concerned themselves with all sorts 
 of matters other than registration." 
 
 In the same case Cave, J., said(r): " Unless 
 an election agent can make it quite clear that he 
 has not been doing election work under the guise 
 of registration work, he must not be surprised, 
 
 (p) (1869), 1 O. &H. at p. 132. 
 (q) (1892), Day's Election Cases, at p. 123. 
 (r) Ibid, at p. 118. 
 F. 17 
 
258 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 38. when his accounts are brought before the election 
 court, if the judges take the view that he has 
 been purposely muddling the two accounts up 
 together, in order that he may escape from the 
 fetters of the Act of Parliament.' 7 
 
 Moneys paid In Kennington (s) it was proved that the re- 
 spondent, who was accepted as a candidate for 
 tne constituency about eight months before the 
 
 a - n hii npub " e l ec ti n > paid almost all the expenses connected 
 newspaper are with improving the registration of the borough 
 expenses. in the interest of himself and his party, the 
 amount being 145/. It was also proved that in 
 August, three months before the election, the re- 
 spondent started a newspaper called the South 
 London Standard, which advocated his own poli- 
 tical views. The paper was discontinued in 
 January as it did not pay. The respondent paid 
 500/. in respect of this paper, and it was argued 
 on behalf of the petitioner that these sums of 
 145/. and 500/. were in reality expenses incurred 
 " in the conduct and management of the election." 
 In giving judgment for the respondent, Field, J., 
 said(^): " The legislature leaves to the different 
 parties in the country to follow their own in- 
 terests in ascertaining, and inducing a revising 
 barrister (w) to say, who are and who are not 
 qualified to vote, and I must confess that merely 
 
 (s} (1886), 4 0. & H. at pp. 93, 94. 
 
 (*) Ibid, at p. 94. 
 
 (w) It is submitted that the principle here laid down as to expen- 
 diture in improving the registration of the constituency would be 
 held applicable under the present Act, substituting, of course, 
 "a registration officer" for "a revising barrister." 
 
EXPENSES OF CONVERSAZIONE. 250 
 
 because a person, who is a candidate, looks after Sect. 33. 
 his interests to ascertain that no persons but those 
 who are favourable to him are upon the register 
 and are qualified to be upon the register, I am quite 
 unable to come to the conclusion that that is an 
 expense on account of the election, or on account 
 of the conduct or management of the election. 
 It is simply a question for me as a juryman to 
 decide, and in this case I shall certainly come to 
 that conclusion. The same observations apply to 
 the South London Standard. I have no doubt what- 
 ever that the respondent would not have published 
 this paper at all, unless he had thought it would 
 assist him. Whether he thought it would be a 
 good speculation pecuniarily, I do not know, but 
 the question is whether it is an expense of con- 
 ducting or managing the election. It is not for 
 me to say what difficulties might arise if we were 
 to hold that. I have simply to decide whether 
 the case falls within the language and spirit and 
 intention of the Act, and I am very clearly of 
 opinion that in neither of these cases was the 
 respondent guilty of an illegal practice (#)." 
 
 In Rochester (y) the respondent had paid for Ex penses 
 certain expenses in connection with a conver- 
 sazione given by the Constitutional Association 
 of the borough, and the question for the Court 
 was, inter alia, whether these expenses were elec- 
 tion expenses^ and therefore expenses which ought 
 to have been included in the return. The facts 
 
 (x) (1886), 4 0. & H. 94, 95; referred to with approval by 
 Pollock, B,, in Lichfidd (1895), 5 0. & H. 33, 34. 
 (.y) (1892), 4 0. & H. 158. 
 
 17(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. were as follows : In May, 1892, it was suggested 
 to the respondent by the Constitutional Associa- 
 tion that it would be desirable to give a conversa- 
 zione. The respondent assented ; a conversazione 
 was held on May 4th and 5th, refreshments were 
 provided at a nominal price, arid the extra ex- 
 penses were borne by the Association. The elec- 
 tion took place two months later, on July 4th, 
 1892, and none of these expenses were returned 
 in the respondent's return of expenses. In the 
 result the Court held the election void on the 
 ground of corrupt treating and illegal practices 
 by the respondent's agents: 
 
 Cave, J., said (2): " With reference to the 
 conversazione, looking at the time at which it was 
 held, and that it was the obvious intention of those 
 who took part in it to promote the return of the 
 respondent, it seems to me that, if it had been 
 innocent throughout, nevertheless it must neces- 
 sarily have been returned as a portion of the 
 election expenses of the candidate." 
 
 Expense It is sometimes a difficult question to say 
 
 i>y associa- whether expense incurred by an association or 
 tion, & c . individual which undoubtedly is an assistance to 
 the candidate is or is not an election expense. 
 The test appears to be this : Was the expense in- 
 curred by the association or individual an expense 
 incurred for their own ends and their own pur- 
 poses, or was it one of the ordinary expenses of 
 the candidate ? In the former case it would not 
 be, in the latter it would be, an election expense. 
 
 CO (1892), 4 O. & H. at p. 159. 
 
EXPENSES INCURRED BY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This question arose in Stepney (a) in regard to Sect. 33. 
 payments made by the Licensed Victuallers' As- 
 sociation, and again in CocJcermouth (b) in regard 
 to the expenses of a tea meeting given by the 
 Liberal Unionist Association. In both cases 
 the payments in question were held not to be 
 election expenses. In the former Cave, J., 
 said (a) : " With regard to the Licensed Victual- 
 lers' Association, I see no ground at all for saying 
 that those were election expenses. They appear 
 to have been expenses incurred by them for their 
 own purposes. No doubt they were desirous to 
 assist Mr. Isaacson, whom they preferred as a 
 candidate to Mr. Thompson, but it does not follow 
 that because they were desirous of doing that, 
 every expense that they chose to run into would 
 become an election expense. They may have 
 made themselves agents for Mr. Isaacson, so that 
 any corrupt practice traced to them might unseat 
 him ; I do not say that it would, because it has 
 not been necessary for us to direct our attention 
 specifically to that point ; but it does not follow 
 that, because that is so, every expense that they 
 resort to thereby becomes an election expense 
 which must be paid by Mr. Isaacson. If that 
 were so, the fate of a candidate would be very 
 deplorable. He would have no control over per- 
 sons who chose to say that they were acting in 
 his interest and for his benefit, and would be 
 compelled to pay every expense that they might 
 
 (a) (1892), Day's Election Cases, at pp. 118, 119. 
 (&) (1901), 5 0. & H. at p. 156. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. think fit to incur. No such liability exists, and I 
 do not think the Licensed Victuallers' case was 
 one in which it can be said that the expenses were 
 expenses of conducting the election, and not ex- 
 penses rather incurred by the association for their 
 own ends, and for their own purposes, quite dis- 
 tinct from Mr. Isaacson's election, although un- 
 doubtedly his election was one of the things which 
 they were anxious to secure." 
 
 In Cocker mouth, Channell, J., said(c): 
 " The difference between an act done in the 
 conduct and management of the election and a 
 thing done merely for the promotion of the success 
 of a particular candidate seems to me to be this : 
 if another person pays an expense and that ex- 
 pense is one of the ordinary expenses of the 
 candidate, so that the doing of that by the third 
 person relieves the candidate from part of his 
 election expenses, then the candidate must treat 
 that assistance as given to him in respect of his 
 election expenses, and must treat the expenses as 
 part of his expenses ... if he, being merely a 
 person interested for some reason, as a Liberal 
 Unionist, or any other reason, in the success of a 
 particular candidate, chooses to do things on his 
 own account, which do not go to relieve the can- 
 didate from any portion of his election expenses, 
 that is not doing anything in reference to ' the 
 conduct or management of the election.' . . ." 
 Expenses of As to the expenses of printing and advertising, 
 and of and the expenses of publishing, issuing and dis- 
 
 addresses, &c. 
 
 (c) (1901), 5O. &H. at p. 156. 
 
EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS, ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC. 263 
 
 tributing addresses and notices, referred to in sect. 33. 
 Part II. (3) of the First Schedule to the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883 (d\ it was held in Barrow-in- 
 Furness (e) that addresses and notices cover bills. 
 
 In the case of the expenses last mentioned, as 
 well as those of stationery, messages, postage and 
 telegrams, and of holding meetings, referred to 
 on p. 227, supra, it should be observed that by 
 sect. 34 of the present Act : 
 
 "(1) A person other than the election agent 
 of a candidate shall not incur any expenses on 
 account of holding public meetings or issuing 
 advertisements, circulars or publications for the 
 purpose of promoting or procuring the election 
 of any candidate at a parliamentary election, 
 unless he is authorised in writing to do so by 
 such election agent, 
 
 . u (2) If any person acts in contravention of 
 this section, he shall be guilty of a corrupt prac- 
 tice other than personation (/) within the mean- 
 ing of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention 
 Act, 1883, and the expression l corrupt practice 7 
 shall be construed accordingly : % 
 
 " Provided that the court before whom a person 
 is convicted under this section may, if they think 
 it just in the special circumstances of the case, 
 mitigate or entirely remit any incapacity imposed 
 by section six of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices 
 Prevention Act, 1883. 
 
 (d] See pp. 226227, supra. 
 
 (e) (1886), 4 O. & II. 78 ; of. Stepney, ibid. 52, 54, 55, where the 
 members of the Court differed on this question. 
 
 (/) See pp. 274276, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 S^ " (3) Any expenses incurred on account of any 
 such purpose as aforesaid and authorised by the 
 election agent of the candidate shall be duly 
 returned as part of the candidate's election 
 expenses." 
 
 As to the effect of these provisions, see pp. 270 
 277, infra. 
 
 Return of The election agent of every candidate must, 
 
 expenses. within thirty-five days after the result of the 
 election is declared, transmit to the returning 
 officer a true return of election expenses (g). This 
 return must be in the form contained in the 
 Second Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, or in a similar form(^), and must be accom- 
 panied by a declaration made by the election 
 agent before a justice of the peace in the form 
 required by that Act (h). 
 
 At the same time that the election agent trans- 
 mits the return or within seven days afterwards, 
 the candidate must transmit to the returning 
 officer a declaration made by him before a 
 justice of the peace verifying his election agent's 
 return (*'). 
 
 As to sub-sect. (2) of sect. 33. This sub-section 
 is as follows : 
 
 Any candidate at a parliamentary election 
 shall, subject to regulations of the Postmaster- 
 General, be entitled to send, free of any charge 
 
 g} Corrupt Practices Act, 1SS3, 8. 33 (1). 
 (h} Ibid. s. 33 (2). 
 i) Ibid. s. 33 (4)- 
 
NOMINATION OF CANDIDATE. 265 
 
 for postage, to each registered elector for the Sect 33 
 constituency, one postal communication con- 
 taining matter relating to the election only, and 
 not exceeding two ounces in weight : 
 
 Provided that a candidate shall not be entitled 
 to exercise the right of free postage conferred by 
 this provision before he is duly nominated, unless 
 he has given such security as may be required 
 by the Postmaster-General for the payment of 
 postage in case he does not eventually become 
 nominated. 
 
 For the purpose of this provision candidates 
 who are under paragraph (4) of Part V. of the 
 First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Prac- 
 tices Prevention Act, 1883 (j) 9 deemed to be joint 
 candidates at an election shall be treated as a 
 single candidate. 
 
 Any candidate at a parliamentary election. 
 As to the meaning of these words, see pp. 272 
 273, infra. 
 
 subject to regulations of the Postmaster- 
 General, These have not at the date of pub- 
 lication been issued. 
 
 before he is duly nominated. With regard 
 to a candidate for election to serve in Parliament 
 for a county or borough, the law as to nomination 
 is as follows : 
 
 He must be nominated in writing(^). The 
 writing must be subscribed by two registered 
 electors of such county or borough as proposer 
 and seconder, and by eight other registered elec- 
 
 (j) The paragraph here referred to is set out on pp. 229 230, 
 supra. 
 
 (A-) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. 
 
266 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. tors of the same county or borough as assenting 
 to the nomination, and must be delivered during 
 the time appointed for the election to the return- 
 ing officer by the candidate himself, or his pro- 
 poser or seconder (/). 
 
 Each candidate must be nominated by a sepa- 
 rate nomination paper, but the same electors or 
 any of them may subscribe as many nomination 
 papers as there are vacancies to be filled, but 110 
 in ore (m). 
 
 The nomination paper must be fully filled in 
 before it is subscribed by anyone (n). 
 
 Where there were four vacancies to be filled, 
 and an elector subscribed four nomination papers, 
 which were duly delivered to the returning officer, 
 and then a fifth, which was also duly delivered to 
 him, the court held that the first four nomination 
 papers were valid, but that the fifth was not (o). 
 
 Each candidate must be described in the nomi- 
 nation paper in such manner as in the opinion of 
 the returning officer is calculated sufficiently to 
 identify such candidate ; the description must 
 include his names, his abode, and his rank, pro- 
 fession, or calling, and his surname must come 
 first in the list of his names (p). No objection to 
 
 (I) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 1. See also Monks v. Jackson (1876), 1 
 C. P. D. 683, where it was held that a nomination paper delivered 
 by a person who was not the candidate, nor his proposer, nor 
 seconder, was void. 
 
 (m) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 5. 
 
 () Htrmon v. Park (1881), 7 Q. B. D. 369 ; Cox v. Dairies, [1898] 
 2 Q. B. 202. 
 
 (o) Burgoyne v. Collins (1882), 8 Q. B. D. 450. 
 
 (p) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 6. There have been 
 numerous decisions on the meaning of words similar to but not 
 exactly the same as these in other Acts ; see Bowden v. Besley (1888), 
 
NOMINATION PAPERS. 267 
 
 a nomination paper on the ground of the descrip- Sect. 33. 
 tion of the candidate therein being insufficient, 
 or not being in compliance with this rule, shall 
 be allowed or deemed valid, unless such objection 
 is made by the returning officer, or by some other 
 person, at or immediately after the time of the 
 delivery of the nomination paper (q). 
 
 The returning officer must supply a form of 
 nomination paper to any registered elector re- 
 quiring the same during such two hours as the 
 returning officer may fix, between the hours of 
 ten in the morning and two in the afternoon on 
 each day intervening between the day on which 
 notice of the election was given and the day of 
 election (r), and during the time appointed for the 
 election (s) ; but provided that the nomination paper 
 is in the form prescribed by the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 it need not be a nomination paper supplied by the 
 returning officer (t). 
 
 The nomination papers must be delivered to 
 the returning officer, at the place of election (u) 
 during the time appointed for the election (s) ; and 
 the candidate nominated by each nomination 
 paper, and his proposer and seconder, and one 
 other person selected by the candidate, and no 
 person other than aforesaid shall, except for the 
 
 21 Q, B. D. 309; GhdhiU v. Crowther (1889), 3 Q. B. D. 136 ; Marion 
 v. Gorrilf, ibid. 139, and cases there cited. 
 
 (q} Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 6. 
 
 (r) As to the meaning of " day of election," see pp. 179 180, 
 supra, 
 
 (s} See Ballot Act, First Schedule, r. 4, p. 683, infra. 
 
 (t} Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 7. 
 
 () See sect. 32, pp. 222223, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 33. purpose of assisting the returning officer, be 
 entitled to attend the proceedings during the time 
 appointed for the election (t). 
 
 The returning officer must on the nomination 
 paper being delivered to him, forthwith publish 
 notice of the name of the person nominated as a 
 candidate, and of the names of his proposer and 
 seconder, by placarding or causing to be placarded 
 the names of the candidate and his proposer and 
 seconder in a conspicuous position outside the 
 building in which the room appointed for the 
 election is situate (u). 
 
 A person is not entitled to have his name in- 
 serted in any ballot paper as a candidate unless 
 he has been nominated in the manner above 
 described, and every person whose nomination 
 paper has been delivered to the returning officer 
 during the time appointed for the election (v) is 
 deemed to have been nominated in manner above 
 described, unless objection be made to his nomi- 
 nation paper by the returning officer, or some 
 other person, before the expiration of the time 
 appointed for the election (v) or within one hour 
 afterwards (x). 
 
 The returning officer decides on the validity of 
 every objection made to a nomination paper, and 
 his decision, if disallowing the objection, shall be 
 final ; but, if allowing the same, is subject to 
 
 (0 Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, Part I., r. 8. 
 
 () Ibid. r. 11. 
 
 (y) See footnote (s), p. 267, supra. 
 
 (x) Ballot Act, 1872, Sched. 1, r. 12. 
 
EXPENSES OF PUBLIC MEETINGS, ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC. 
 
 reversal on petition questioning the election or sct. 33 
 return (#). 
 
 The returning officer's duty in this matter is 
 limited to objections made to the nomination 
 paper ; thus, he has no jurisdiction to entertain 
 an objection that the nomination paper has not 
 been delivered in time (2), and he has no power to 
 deal with an objection to the qualification of the 
 candidate (a). But if a nomination paper appears 
 on the face of it to be an abuse of the right of 
 nomination, e.g., if it purports to nominate a 
 woman, the returning officer should reject it(b). 
 
 When the returning officer has considered the 
 objection to the nomination paper, and decided 
 that such objection is invalid, the candidate is 
 duly nominated, though he be disqualified and 
 may be unseated on petition (<?). 
 
 34. (1) A person other than the election 
 agent 1 of a candidate shall not incur any 
 expenses on account of holding public pel 
 meetings or issuing advertisements, circulars 
 or publications 1 for the purpose of promoting 
 or procuring the election of any candidate 
 at a parliamentary election, 2 unless he is 
 
 1 See p. 271, infra. 2 See pp. 271274, infra. 
 
 (y) Ibid. r. 13. 
 
 (z) Howes v. Turner (1816), 1 0. P. D. 671 ; of. Monks v. Jackson, 
 ibid. 683. 
 
 (a] Pritchard v. Mayor of Bangor (1888), 13 A. C. 251, 257 
 (H. L.). 
 
 (I] Harford v. Lintkey, [1899] 1 Q. B. 862. 
 
 (c) Pritchard v. Mayor of Bangor (1888), 13 A. C. 241 (H. L.). 
 
270 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 fleet. 84. authorised in writing to do so by such elec- 
 tion agent. 
 
 (2) If any person acts in contravention of 
 this section, he shall be guilty of a corrupt 
 practice other than personation within the 
 meaning of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices 
 Prevention Act, 1883, 3 and the expression 
 "corrupt practice" shall be construed ac- 
 cordingly : 
 
 Provided that the court before whom a 
 person is convicted under this section may, 
 if they think it just in the special circum- 
 stances of the case, mitigate or entirely 
 remit any incapacity imposed by section six 
 of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Preven- 
 tion Act, 1883. 3 
 
 (3) Any expenses incurred on account of 
 any such purpose as aforesaid and authorised 
 by the election agent of the candidate shall 
 be duly returned as part of the candidate's 
 election expenses. 4 
 
 NOTE. The object of this section is to prevent 
 expenses of the nature indicated in sub -sect. ( 1 ) 
 being incurred other than as part of a candidate's 
 election expenses. If any person other than 
 the election agent incurs expenses of this kind, 
 he must be duly authorised to do so by the 
 election agent, and the expenses in question must 
 
 3 See pp. 274276, infra. 4 See p. 276, infra. 
 
EXPENSES OF ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC. 271 
 
 be duly returned (e) as part of the candidate's sect. 34. 
 election expenses. 
 
 Such authorisation can only be given in writing. 
 
 the election agent. Every candidate must 
 appoint an election agent, but may not appoint 
 more than one. Such election agent must be 
 named by or on behalf of the candidate on or 
 before nomination day(/). The name and ad- 
 dress of such agent must be declared in writing 
 by a candidate or by some other person on his 
 behalf to the retiirning officer on or before 
 nomination day (/). A candidate can if he wishes 
 appoint himself as his election agent (g). 
 
 advertisements, circulars, or publications. 
 In accordance with the ordinary rule as to con- 
 struing the words of a statute, the word " publi- 
 cations" must be construed ejusdem generis with 
 the words u advertisements " and "circulars" 
 in other words, in order that the publication 
 should fall within the meaning of the section it 
 must be an advertisement or circular or a publi- 
 cation of the nature of an advertisement or 
 circular. 
 
 The question whether any particular publi- 
 cation is within the meaning of the section would 
 of course depend upon the circumstances of each 
 case. 
 
 for the purpose of promoting or procuring 
 the election of any candidate at a parliamentary 
 election. It is necessary to deal first with the 
 
 (e) See p. 264, supra. 
 
 (/) See pp. 179180, supra. 
 
 (g) Corrupt Practices Act, 1884, s. 24. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 34. meaning of the words, candidate at a parlia- 
 mentary election. 
 
 The present Act does not contain a definition 
 of the word " candidate." It is probable, how- 
 ever, in view of the subject dealt with in this 
 section, its close relation to the Corrupt and Illegal 
 Practices Prevention Act, 1883, and the fact that 
 that Act is expressly referred to in sub -sect. (2), 
 that the word u candidate " would be construed 
 in the same meaning as that expressly given to it 
 in sect. 63 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, 
 namely : " Any person elected to serve in Par- 
 liament at such election, and any person who is 
 nominated as a candidate at such election, or is 
 declared by himself or by others to be a candidate, 
 on or after the day of the issue of the writ for 
 such election, or after the dissolution or vacancy 
 in consequence of which such writ is issued." 
 
 In Rochester (h) counsel submitted that under 
 sect. 63 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, the 
 respondent was not a " candidate" until after the 
 dissolution and the issue of the writ, and that the 
 expenses incurred by him before that time could 
 not be included in the election expenses. 
 
 In declining to accept this contention, Cave, J., 
 said (?') : 
 
 " When a man begins to incur expenses with 
 regard to an election, there is nothing to prevent 
 his appointing an election agent. In some cases 
 canvassers are set to work, and committees are 
 formed, long before the dissolution, or the issue 
 
 (/O (1892), 4 0. & H. at p. 157. 
 (0 Ibid. 
 
MEANING OF " CANDIDATE. 273 
 
 of the writ. If those expenses are not to be Se ct. 34. 
 returned as election expenses, the words of the 
 Act as to the maximum amount of expenditure 
 are set at nought." The law has been repeatedly 
 laid down in similar terms by other judges (k\ and 
 in Great Yarmouth (1) Channel!, J., said : " I quite 
 adopt the view which has been put forward by other 
 judges that the time when the election is sup- 
 posed to commence ... certainly is not limited 
 to the commencement of the active part of the 
 election by the occurrence of a vacancy or by the 
 issue of a writ." The same view of the law was 
 expressed by Lawrance, J., in Maidstone (m) and 
 Bodmin (). In each of the three last-mentioned 
 cases, Grantham, J., differed (0), but in East 
 Dorset (p), Lawrance and Pickford, JJ., stated 
 that the law is correctly laid down in the nume- 
 rous decisions to the contrary which are referred 
 
 / 
 
 to above. 
 
 The eases just referred to and the judgments 
 cited on pp. 242 249 show that the fact of an 
 election having begun presupposes the existence 
 of a candidate at such election, so that a person 
 may become a " candidate at a parliamentary 
 election " and incur election expenses long before 
 the dissolution and the issue of the writ. As to 
 the words for the purpose of promoting or pro- 
 curing the election, these are identical with the 
 
 (&) See extracts from judgments cited, pp. 242 249, supra. 
 (0 5 O. & H. 188. 
 (m) Ibid. 209, 210. 
 (n) Ibid. 228. 
 
 (o) Ibid. 191193, 208, 209, 227, 228. 
 (p) (1910), 6 O. & H. at pp. 39, 40, 49, 50. 
 F. 18 
 
274 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 34. words in sect. 17 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, which have been held to have the same 
 meaning as the words u on account of or in 
 respect of the conduct or management of the 
 election " (q). 
 
 As to when expenses for public meetings, &c. 
 are incurred " in the conduct or management of 
 the election," see pp. 250254, 260262. 
 
 From the cases cited on pp. 260 262, supra, it 
 will be seen that there is nothing in theory to 
 prevent persons who wish a particular candidate 
 to be elected because they think him more in 
 accordance with their own special views upon tem- 
 perance or any other subject about which strong 
 opinions are held, incurring certain expenses in 
 support of his candidature (s) ; but in considering 
 the effect of sect. 34 of the present Act it cannot 
 be too strongly emphasized that in practice expen- 
 diture on account of the matters there mentioned 
 will in almost every case be expenses incurred 
 "for the purpose of promoting or procuring the 
 election " of a candidate. 
 
 As to sub -sect. (2) a corrupt practice other 
 than personation within the meaning of the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 
 1883. 
 
 By sect. 6 (1) of that Act, " a person who com- 
 mits any corrupt practice other than personation 
 . . . shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and on 
 conviction on indictment shall be liable to be 
 
 (q) Ipswich, 31st March, 1886 (unreported). See also Ipswich 
 (1886), 4 O. & H. at p. 74 ; 54 L. T. 619. 
 
 () See the judgment of Channell, J., in Cocker mouth (1901), 5 O. 
 & H. at p. 158. 
 
PUNISHMENT OF CORRUPT PRACTICE. 275 
 
 imprisoned with or without hard labour for a Sect. 34. 
 term not exceeding one year, or to be fined any 
 sum not exceeding 200/." 
 
 By sect. 6 (3) of the same Act, " a person who 
 is convicted on indictment of any corrupt prac- 
 tice shall, in addition to any punishment as above 
 provided, be incapable during a period of seven 
 years from the date of his conviction (a) of being 
 registered as an elector or voting at any election 
 in the United Kingdom, whether it be a parlia- 
 mentary election or an election for any public 
 office (t] within the meaning of the Corrupt Prac- 
 tices Act, 1883; or (b) of holding any public (t) 
 or judicial (u) office, and if he holds any such 
 office the office shall be vacated." 
 
 By sect. 6 (4) of the same Act, u any person 
 so convicted of a corrupt practice shall be in- 
 capable of being elected to and of sitting in the 
 House of Commons during the term of seven 
 years next after the date of his conviction, and if 
 at that date he has been elected to the House of 
 Commons his election shall be vacated from the 
 time of such conviction." 
 
 By sect. 43 (4) of the same Act, a person who 
 is summarily convicted by an election court of 
 any corrupt practice, which cannot occur unless 
 such person declines to be tried by a jury, shall 
 be subject to the same incapacities as if he had 
 
 (t} As to the meaning of the expression "public office" in the 
 sub-section just cited, see sect. 64 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883. 
 
 (n) The expression " judicial office " in such sub-section includes 
 the office of justice of the peace. 
 
 1.8(2) 
 
276 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 34. been convicted on indictment, and further, may 
 be imprisoned with or without hard labour for a 
 term not exceeding six months, or ordered to pay 
 a fine not exceeding 200. 
 
 any incapacity imposed by section six of the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 
 1883. These words, which occur in the proviso 
 in sect. 34 (2) of the present Act, refer to the inca- 
 pacities mentioned in sect. 6 (3), (4), of the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, set out above. 
 
 As to sub-section (3). any expenses incurred 
 on account of any such purpose as aforesaid and 
 authorised by the election agent of the candidate 
 shall be duly returned as part of the candidate's 
 election expenses. 
 
 The purpose here mentioned is of course that 
 of promoting or procuring the election of any 
 candidate at a parliamentary election by holding 
 public meetings or issuing advertisements, cir- 
 culars, or publications. This subject is dealt with 
 on pp. 271 274, supra. 
 
 authorised by the election agent of the can- 
 didate. Such authorisation must by sect. 34 (1) 
 be in writing by the election agent (v). 
 
 shall be duly returned as part of the candi- 
 date's election expenses. As to this, see p. 264, 
 supra. 
 
 Practical It would seem, having regard to the provisions 
 
 sect 34. of this section, that it will be more necessary 
 
 even than it has been hitherto for a candidate to 
 
 appoint an election agent immediately that he 
 
 becomes a candidate. In the absence of his doing 
 
 (v) See sect. 34 (1), pp. 269270, supra. 
 
PRACTICAL EFFECT OF SECT. 34. 277 
 
 so he will be prohibited by this section from in- Sect. 34. 
 curiing any of the expenses mentioned therein (w). 
 
 It is probable that the effect of this section, as 
 given above, will be used as an argument for 
 interpreting the word " candidate" in the present 
 Act in the narrow sense of " duly nominated can- 
 didate " because of the hardship which, it will be 
 urged, would result to persons who desire to 
 stand for election and to the public from the 
 broader interpretation of the word u candidate " 
 in this section. It is submitted, however, that 
 the meaning of the section is that given to it in 
 this Note, and that the answer to such an argument 
 is as was pointed out by Cave, J., in Rochester (x), 
 and by Lawrence, J., in East Dorset (y\ that there 
 is nothing to prevent a " candidate'' appointing 
 an election agent as soon as he becomes a can- 
 didate, no matter how long that may be before 
 the day of nomination. 
 
 It may be well to draw attention to the danger 
 to which members of the public may be exposed 
 if they are ignorant of, or neglect to observe, the 
 provisions of sect. 34. Owing to the wide scope 
 of the words "for the purpose of promoting or 
 procuring the election of any candidate," it will 
 be of the utmost importance for any person who 
 intends to hold a public meeting, or to issue 
 literature, of a political character to consider 
 very carefully whether such meeting or literature 
 is directly or indirectly for the " purpose" referred 
 to, and, if so, to obtain the requisite authorisation. 
 
 (to] Ibid., and pp. 271 274, supra, 
 (x) (1892), 4 0. & H. at p. 157. 
 (if) (1910), 6 0. & H. at p. 40. 
 
2T8 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 - as. 35. The following Acts, that is to say,- 
 
 t C otat pet The Ballot Act, 1872 * ; 
 
 manent effect. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elections (Returning 
 
 Officers) Act, 1875 2 ; 
 The Parliamentary Elections Returning 
 
 Officers Expenses (Scotland) Act, 
 
 1878 3 ; 
 The Parliamentary Elections and Cor- 
 
 rupt Practices Act, 1880 4 ; 
 The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Pre- 
 
 vention Act, 1883 5 ; 
 The Municipal Elections (Corrupt and 
 
 Illegal Practices) Act, 1884 ; 
 The Local Government (Elections) Act, 
 
 1896 6 ; 
 
 shall become permanent Acts, and any pro- 
 vision in any Act in force at the date of the 
 passing of this Act which limits the period 
 for which any of those Acts are to remain in 
 operation shall cease to have effect. 
 
 NOTE. The Acts mentioned in this section, 
 which are now made permanent, were originally 
 passed as temporary measures only, but have been 
 extended from year to year since the time when 
 they would have originally expired. 
 
 1 See Appendix III., p. 665, infra. 2 Ibid. p. 700, infra. 
 
 8 lUd. p. 708, infra. * Ibid. p. 708, infra. 
 
 9 Ibid. p. 710, infra. 6 Ibid. p. 717, infra-. 
 
UNIVEKSITY ELECTIONS. 279 
 
 36. (1) The provisions contained in sect. 36 
 Part I. of the Fifth Schedule to this Act conduct of 
 
 elections for 
 
 shall have effect with respect to elections Univ frsit 7 
 
 constitu- 
 
 for university constituencies other than the encies 
 Scottish university constituency, and the 
 provisions contained in Part II. of that 
 Schedule shall have effect with respect to 
 elections for the Scottish university consti- 
 tuency, and his Majesty may, by Order in 
 Council, make such regulations as appear 
 necessary or desirable for giving full effect 
 to those provisions and for the effective and 
 proper conduct of those elections. 
 
 Any such regulations may be made so as 
 to be applicable generally to elections for 
 university constituencies or specially to elec- 
 tions for any particular university constitu- 
 ency. 
 
 (2) This Part of this Act shall, except as 
 expressly provided, apply to university con- 
 stituencies and university elections. 
 
 (3) In the application of the provisions of 
 this Act which are applicable to university 
 constituencies and university elections to 
 those constituencies and elections the follow- 
 ing modifications shall have effect : 
 
 (a) '* Voting paper " shall be substituted 
 for "ballot paper," and for any 
 reference to the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 there shall be substituted a refer- 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 ence to the corresponding pro- 
 vision of this Act, or regulations 
 made thereunder in relation to uni- 
 versity constituencies or university 
 elections : 
 
 (b) It shall not be necessary to prepare an 
 
 absent voters list, but the right to 
 vote by proxy may be exercised by 
 any person who would be entitled 
 to exercise such right if his name 
 were entered on an absent voters 
 list, so long as all other conditions 
 enabling him to vote by proxy are 
 fulfilled : 
 
 (c) Where a candidate's deposit is forfeited 
 
 the deposit shall be retained by the 
 university. 
 
 NOTE. As to sub-sect. (1). The provisions 
 contained in Part I. of the Fifth Schedule to 
 this Act. These provisions, with footnotes where 
 necessary, are set out on pp. 364 372, infra. 
 
 university constituencies other than the Scot- 
 tish university constituency. - - Part III. of 
 the Ninth Schedule to this Act, set out on 
 p. 554, infm, contains a list of university 
 constituencies in Great Britain, together with 
 the number of members returnable by each 
 constituency. 
 
 the provisions contained in Part II. of that 
 Schedule. These provisions are set out on 
 pp. 373386, infra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS. 281 
 
 such regulations as appear necessary or de- sect 36. 
 sirable. These regulations have not, at the date 
 of publication, been made. 
 
 As to sub-section (2), This Part of this Act 
 shall, except as expressly provided, apply to 
 university constituencies and university elec- 
 tions. Part III. of this Act consists of sections 
 20 to 36. Of these sections those which apply to 
 university constituencies and university elections 
 are 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35 and 36. 
 
 In considering the application of sect. 33 to 
 university elections, it would seem that the 
 maximum scale of election expenses (set out on 
 p. 228, supra) applies to university elections. 
 The words " borough election" in Part IV. (x) of 
 the First Schedule to the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, apparently include an election for a univer- 
 sity constituency. In sect. 61 of the Representa- 
 tion of the People Act, 1867 (which section is 
 expressly left unrepealed by the present Act(^)), 
 the term " borough " is defined as " any borough, 
 city, place, or combination of places, not being a 
 county as hereinbefore defined, returning a mem- 
 ber or members to serve in Parliament." By 
 sect. 65 (1) of the Act of 1883, the words "the 
 Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts" wherever 
 used in the Act of 1883 include sects. 11, 49 and 
 50 of the Act of 1867. Further, the Act of 1883 
 contains no definition of " borough," so that the 
 word " borough " when used in the Act of 1883 
 
 (.r) Both as Part IV. originally stood and as altered by the 
 present Act. See sect. 33 (1), p. 223, supra, 
 (y] See Sixth Schedule, p. 395, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 must, it is submitted, bear the meaning given to 
 it by sect. 61 of the Act of 1867. 
 
 As to sub-section (3) (a), the provisions] of 
 this Act, in which the word ballot-paper, or a 
 reference to the Ballot Act, 1872, occur, are 
 sects. 22, 23, 27, set out on pp. 164165, 172- 
 176, 208210, respectively. 
 
 As to sub-section (3) (b), see sect. 23, pp. 172 
 176, supra. 
 
 As to sub-section (3) (c), see sect. 27, pp. 208 
 210, supra. 
 
 PART IV. 
 REDISTRIBUTION OF SEATS. 
 
 37. 37. (l) Each of the areas mentioned in 
 the first column of the First Part of the 
 Ninth Schedule to this Act shall be a parlia- 
 mentary borough returning the number of 
 members specified opposite thereto in the 
 said Schedule, and where so provided in the 
 Schedule shall be divided into the divisions 
 specified therein, and each such division 
 shall return one member. 
 
 (2) Each of the areas mentioned in the 
 first column of the Second Part of the 
 Ninth Schedule to this Act shall be a 
 parliamentary county returning the number 
 of members specified opposite thereto in 
 the said Schedule, and where so provided 
 
KEDISTKIBUTION OF SEATS. 
 
 in the Schedule shall be divided into the Sect - 37 
 divisions specified therein, and each such 
 division shall return one member. 
 
 (3) Each of the universities and combina- 
 tions of universities mentioned in the Third 
 Part of the Ninth Schedule to this Act 
 shall be a constituency returning the 
 number of members specified opposite 
 thereto in the said Schedule. 
 
 (4) The distribution of seats in Great 
 Britain under this Part of this Act shall 
 take the place of the distribution of seats 
 existing at the time of the passing of this 
 Act ; and all writs for parliamentary elec- 
 tions and other documents consequent upon 
 the writs or relating to parliamentary elec- 
 tions or the registration of electors shall be 
 framed and expressed in such manner and 
 form as may be necessary for carrying into 
 effect the provisions of this Act. 
 
 NOTE. The First, Second and Third Parts of 
 the Ninth Schedule to this Act are set out at 
 pp. 404 481, pp. 482 554, and p. 554, infra, 
 respectively. 
 
 It should be noted that sect. 37 set out above 
 has no application to Ireland (2). Redistribution 
 in Ireland is dealt with by the Redistribution of 
 Seats (Ireland) Act, 1918. 
 
 (z) Sect. 44 (10), pp. 333334, infra. 
 
284 
 Sect. 38. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Punishment 
 of offences 
 committed 
 outside the 
 United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 PART V. 
 
 [Sections 3847.] 
 GENERAL. 
 
 38. Where any person commits out of 
 the United Kingdom any act which if that 
 act had been committed in the United 
 Kingdom would haye rendered that person 
 liable to prosecution and punishment under 
 the Ballot Act, 1872, or the Corrupt and 
 Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 (as 
 amended by any subsequent Act), or under 
 this Act, that person shall be liable to be 
 proceeded against and punished as though 
 the act had been committed in the United 
 Kingdom at any place where that person 
 may for the time being be. 
 
 For the purposes of any such prosecution 
 any period prescribed as the period within 
 which proceedings may be commenced shall 
 be reckoned as from the date on which the 
 person charged returned to the United 
 Kingdom next after the commission of the 
 offence. 
 
 NOTE. It would appear that the main purpose 
 of this section is to bring the absent voter within 
 the operation of the Acts mentioned. 
 
OFFENCES UNDER BALLOT ACT, ETC. 
 
 any act which if that act had been com- sect. 38 
 
 mitted in the United Kingdom would have 
 rendered that person liable to prosecution and 
 punishment under the Ballot Act, 1872, or the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 
 1883 (as amended by any subsequent Act), or 
 under this Act. 
 
 On an examination of the offences which 
 render a person liable to prosecution and punish- 
 ment under the Acts mentioned in this section, it 
 is clear that some of these offences cannot be 
 committed out of the United Kingdom, and that 
 in the case of some other of these offences it is 
 improbable that they would be so committed. 
 
 It is, however, thought that it will be useful to 
 give a list (a) of the acts which render a person 
 liable to prosecution and punishment under the 
 statutes mentioned. 
 
 These acts and the punishment for the same 
 are dealt with under the following twelve heads 
 (pp. 285302):- 
 
 I. Offences in respect of nomination papers, ballot 
 papers, and ballot boxes (b) . (1) Forging or fraudu- 
 lently defacing or fraudulently destroying any 
 nomination paper, or delivering to the returning 
 officer any nomination paper knowing the same 
 to be forged ; or 
 
 (2) Forging, counterfeiting, or fraudulently 
 defacing or fraudulently destroying any ballot 
 
 (a) For a discussion as to those acts which have been dealt 
 with in the election courts, see pp. 90 178 of the Author's 
 " Parliamentary Elections and Election Petitions," 2nd ed. 
 
 (6) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 3. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 38. paper or the official mark on any ballot paper ; 
 or 
 
 (3) Without due authority supplying any ballot 
 paper to any person ; or 
 
 (4) Fraudulently putting into any ballot box 
 any paper other than the ballot paper which he is 
 authorised by law to put in ; or 
 
 (5) Fraudulently taking out of the polling station 
 any ballot paper ; or 
 
 (6) Without due authority destroying, taking, 
 opening, or otherwise interfering with any ballot 
 box or packet of ballot papers then in use for the 
 purposes of the election (c). 
 
 Any person committing any of the offences set 
 out above shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and 
 be liable, if he is a returning officer or an officer 
 or clerk in attendance at a polling station, to 
 imprisonment for any term not exceeding two 
 years, with or without hard labour, and if he is 
 any other person, to imprisonment for any term 
 not exceeding six months, with or without hard 
 labour (c). 
 
 Any attempt to commit any of the offences set 
 out above shall be punishable in the manner in 
 which the offence itself is punishable (c). 
 
 II. Infringement of secrecy. No officer, clerk, or 
 agent in attendance at a polling station shall 
 communicate, except for some purpose authorised 
 by law, before the poll is closed, to any person 
 any information as to the name or number on the 
 register of voters of any elector who has or has 
 not applied for a ballot paper or voted at that 
 
 (c) Ballot Act, 1872, s. 3. 
 
PERSONATION. 287 
 
 station, or as to the official mark, and no such Sect. 88. 
 officer, clerk, or agent, or any person whosoever, 
 shall interfere with or attempt to interfere with a 
 voter when marking his vote, or otherwise attempt 
 to obtain in the polling station information as to 
 the candidate for whom any voter in such station 
 is about to vote or has voted, or communicate at 
 any time to any person any information obtained 
 in a polling station as to the candidate for whom 
 any voter in such station is about to vote or has 
 voted, or as to the number on the back of the 
 ballot paper given to any voter at such station (d). 
 No officer, clerk, or agent in attendance at the 
 ounting of the votes shall attempt to ascertain at 
 such counting the number on the back of any 
 ballot paper, or communicate any information 
 obtained at such counting as to the candidate for 
 whom any vote is given in any particular ballot 
 paper. No person shall directly or indirectly 
 induce any voter to display his ballot paper after 
 he shall have marked the same, so as to make 
 known to any person the name of the candidate 
 for or against whom he has so marked his 
 vote(d). 
 
 Every person who infringes the secrecy of 
 voting by committing any of the acts set out 
 above shall be liable, on summary conviction 
 before two justices of the peace, to imprisonment 
 for any term not exceeding six months, with or 
 without hard labour (d). 
 
 III. Personation. Any person is guilty of the 
 offence of personation who at an election for a 
 
 (d) Ibid. s. 4. 
 
288 EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 38. county or borough or at a municipal election 
 applies for a ballot paper in the name of some 
 other person, whether that name be that of a 
 person living or dead, or a fictitious person, or 
 who having voted once at any such election ap- 
 plies at the same election for a ballot paper in 
 his own name(tf) . This offence and that of aiding, 
 abetting, counselling, or procuring its commission 
 are felonies, and any person convicted of either 
 of these offences on indictment shall be punished 
 by imprisonment for a term not exceeding two 
 years together with hard labour (/). These 
 offences are also corrupt practices within the 
 meaning of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883 (g). 
 
 A person who is convicted on indictment of 
 any corrupt practice shall, in addition to any 
 punishment as above provided, be incapable 
 during a period of seven years from the date of 
 his conviction (a) of being registered as an elector 
 or voting at any election in the United Kingdom, 
 whether it be a parliamentary election or an elec- 
 tion for any public office within the meaning of 
 the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883 ; or (b) of holding 
 any public or judicial office (h\ and if he holds 
 any such office the office shall be vacated (/). 
 
 Any person so convicted of a corrupt practice 
 shall be incapable of being elected to and of 
 sitting in the House of Commons during the 
 
 (e) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 3 ; Ballot Act, 1872, s. 24. 
 See also footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 
 (/) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 6 (2). 
 
 (g] Ibid. s. 3. 
 
 (h) As to the meaning of "public office" and ''judicial office," 
 see sect. 64 of the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883. 
 
 (i) Ibid. s. 6 (3). 
 
BRIBERY. 289 
 
 term of seven years next after the date of his Sect - 38 - 
 conviction, and if at that date he has been elected 
 to the House of Commons his election shall be 
 vacated from the time of such conviction (k). 
 
 A person who is summarily convicted by an 
 election court of any corrupt practice, which 
 cannot occur unless such person declines to be 
 tried by a jury, shall be subject to the same in- 
 capacities as if he had been convicted on indict- 
 ment, and further, may be imprisoned with or 
 without hard labour for a term not exceeding six 
 months, or ordered to pay a fine not exceeding 
 200J. (I). 
 
 Every person guilty of a corrupt practice at an 
 election is prohibited from voting at such elec- 
 tion, and if any such person votes, his vote shall 
 be void (ni). 
 
 IV. Bribery (ri). A person is guilty of bribery 
 who : 
 
 (1) Directly or indirectly by himself , or by any 
 other person on his behalf, gives, lends, or agrees 
 to give or lend, or offers, promises, or promises 
 to procure or to endeavour to procure, any money 
 or valuable consideration to or for any voter, or 
 to or for any person on behalf of any voter, or 
 to or for any other person, in order to induce any 
 voter to vote or refrain from voting, or corruptly 
 does any such act as aforesaid on account of such 
 
 (k) Ibid. s. 6 (4). 
 
 (0 Ibid. s. 43 (4). 
 
 (m) Ibid. s. 36. 
 
 (n) As to the punishment for bribery, see pp. 293, 294, infra. 
 
 F. 19 
 
290 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 38. voter having voted or refrained from voting at 
 any election (o) : 
 
 (2} Directly or indirectly by himself, or by any 
 other person on his behalf, gives or procures or 
 agrees to give or procure, or offers or promises, 
 or promises to procure or to endeavour to procure 
 any office, place, or employment to or for any 
 voter, or to or for any person on behalf of any 
 voter, or to or for any other person, in order to 
 induce such voter to vote or refrain from voting, 
 or corruptly does any such act as aforesaid on 
 account of any voter having voted or refrained 
 from voting at any election (p) : 
 
 (3) Directly or indirectly, by himself, or by 
 any other person on his behalf, makes any such 
 gift, loan, offer, promise, procurement, or agree- 
 ment as aforesaid to or for any person, in order 
 to induce such person to procure or endeavour to 
 procure the return of any person to serve in 
 Parliament, or the vote of any voter at any 
 election (q) : 
 
 (4) Upon or in consequence of any such gift, 
 loan, offer, promise, procurement or agreement, 
 procures or engages, promises or endeavours to 
 procure, the return of any person to serve in 
 Parliament, or the vote of any voter at any 
 election (r) : 
 
 (5) Advances or pays, or causes to be paid, 
 
 (o) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 3; Corrupt Practices Preven- 
 tion Act, 1854, s. 2. See also footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 (p}Ibid. 
 (j) Ibid, 
 (r) Ibid. 
 
TREATING. 291 
 
 any money to or to the use of any other person Sect. 88. 
 with the intent that such money or any part 
 thereof shall be expended in bribery at any elec- 
 tion, or knowingly pays or causes to be paid any 
 money to any person in discharge or repayment 
 of any money wholly or in part expended in 
 bribery at any election ; but this has no applica- 
 tion to any money paid or agreed to be paid for or 
 on account of any legal expenses bond fide incurred 
 at or concerning any election (s) : 
 
 (6) Being a voter, before or during any elec- 
 tion directly or indirectly by himself, or by any 
 other person on his behalf, receives, agrees or 
 contracts for any money, gift, loan, or valuable 
 consideration, office, place or employment, for 
 himself or for any other person, for voting or 
 agreeing to vote, or for refraining or agreeing to 
 refrain from voting at any election (t): 
 
 (7) After any election, directly or indirectly 
 by himself or by any other person on his behalf, 
 receives any money or valuable consideration on 
 account of any person having voted or refrained 
 from voting, or having induced any other person 
 to vote or refrain from voting at any election (u). 
 
 V. Treating. Any person who corruptly by him- 
 self or by any other person, either before, during, 
 or after an election, directly or indirectly gives 
 or provides, or pays wholly or in part the expense 
 of giving or providing, any meat, drink, enter- 
 
 () Ibid. 
 
 (t) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 3; Corrupt Practices Pre- 
 vention Act, 1854, s. 3. 
 (M) Ibid. 
 
 19(2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 38 tainment or provision to or for any person for 
 the purpose of corruptly influencing that person 
 or any other person to give or refrain from giving 
 his vote at the election, or on account of such 
 person or any other person having voted or re- 
 frained from voting or being about to vote or 
 refrain from voting at such election, shall be 
 guilty of treating (x). 
 
 And every elector who corruptly accepts or 
 takes any such meat, drink, entertainment, or 
 provision shall also be guilty of treating (x). 
 
 VI. Undue influence. Every person is guilty of 
 undue influence who, directly or indirectly, by 
 himself or by any other person on his behalf, 
 makes use of, or threatens to make use of, any 
 force, violence, or restraint, or inflicts, or threat- 
 ens to inflict, by himself or by any other person, 
 any temporal or spiritual injury, damage, harm, 
 or loss, upon or against any person in order 
 to induce or compel such person to vote or refrain 
 from voting, or on account of such person having 
 voted or refrained from voting at any election, or 
 who, by abduction, duress, or any fraudulent 
 device or contrivance, impedes or prevents the 
 free exercise of the franchise of any elector, or 
 thereby compels, induces, or prevails upon any 
 elector either to give or refrain from giving his 
 vote at any election (y). 
 
 VII. Making knowingly a false declaration respect- 
 
 (x) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 1. See also footnote (a) on 
 p. 285, supra. 
 
 (y] Ibid. s. 2. See also footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 
PUNISHMENT OF CORRUPT PRACTICES. 293 
 
 ing election expenses (2). The only persons who can Sect. 88. 
 commit this offence are a candidate and an elec- 
 tion agent (a). 
 
 VIII. Incurring expenses on account of public meet- 
 ings or issuing advertisements, circulars, or publications 
 by unauthorised persons. Any person other than an 
 election agent who incurs any expenses on account 
 of holding public meetings or issuing advertise- 
 ments, circulars, or publications for the purpose 
 of promoting or procuring the election of any 
 candidate at a parliamentary election, unless he is 
 authorised in writing to do so by such election 
 agent, shall be guilty of a corrupt practice within 
 the meaning of the Corrupt Practices Act, 
 
 The offences of bribery (c), treating (c), undue 
 influence (<?), making knowingly a false declara- 
 tion respecting election expenses (t/), as well as 
 that of incurring expenses on account of public 
 meetings, &c. referred to above (0), are corrupt 
 practices within the meaning of the Corrupt Prac- 
 tices Act, 1883. 
 
 A person who commits any of these corrupt 
 practices shall be guilty of misdemeanour, and on 
 conviction on indictment shall be liable to be 
 imprisoned with or without hard labour for a term 
 not exceeding one year, or to be fined any sum 
 not exceeding 200/. (/). 
 
 (z] Ibid. s. 33. See also footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 
 (a] Ibid. s. 33 (7). 
 
 (6) See sect. 34 of the present Act and pp. 270 277, supra. 
 
 (c) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 3. 
 
 (d} Ibid. s. 33 (7), 
 
 (e) Sect. 34 of the present Act, pp. 269 270, supra. 
 
 (/) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 6 (1). 
 
294 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 s.^ Such person is also subject, on conviction, to 
 the incapacities mentioned on pp. 275 276, supra. 
 Further, any person committing the offence of 
 making knowingly a false declaration respecting 
 election expenses is guilty of a misdemeanour, 
 and is liable on conviction thereof on indictment 
 to imprisonment with or without hard labour for 
 any term not exceeding two years or to a fine, 
 or to both such imprisonment and fine(^). 
 
 IX. Illegal practices (h). (1) Making or receiv- 
 ing payment or making a contract for payment for 
 the purpose of promoting or procuring the election 
 of a candidate at any election (a) on account of 
 the conveyance of the electors to or from the poll, 
 whether for the hiring of horses or carriages, or 
 for railway fares, or otherwise; or (b) to an 
 elector on account of the use of any house, land, 
 building, or premises, for the exhibition of any 
 address, bill, or notice, or on account of the ex- 
 hibition of any address, bill, or notice, unless it 
 is the ordinary business of such elector as an 
 advertising agent to exhibit for payment bills 
 and advertisements, and such payment to or con- 
 tract with such elector is made in the ordinary 
 course of business ; or (c) on account of any com- 
 mittee room in excess of the number allowed by 
 the Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, Schedule !.('). 
 
 (2) Payment of any sum or incurring any ex- 
 pense by a candidate at an election or his election 
 
 (g) Perjury Act, 1911, s. 5. 
 
 (h) See footnote (a) on p. 285, supra, 
 
 (*) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 7. See Pontefract (1893), 
 Day's Election Cases, 6263, and pp. 142144 of the Author's 
 Parliamentary Elections and Election Petitions, 2nd edition. 
 
ILLEGAL PRACTICES. 295 
 
 agent, or sub-agent within his district, whether Sect 38. 
 before, during, or after an election, on account 
 of or in respect of the conduct or management of 
 such election, in excess of the maximum specified 
 in the Fourth Schedule to the present Act (k). 
 
 (3) Voting at an election by any person who 
 knows that he is prohibited by statute from 
 voting, or inducing or procuring any person to 
 vote at an election knowing that such person is 
 prohibited by statute from voting (/). 
 
 (4) Knowingly publishing, before or during an 
 election, a false statement of the withdrawal of 
 a candidate at such election, for the purpose of 
 promoting or procuring the election of another 
 candidate (m). 
 
 (5) In the case of a candidate, his election 
 agent, or sub-agent* within his district, printing, 
 publishing or posting, or causing to be printed, 
 published or posted, any bill, placard, or poster, 
 having reference to an election, which fails to 
 bear upon the face thereof the name and address 
 of the printer and publisher (n). 
 
 (6) In the case of a candidate at an election or 
 any agent of his or any other person making any 
 payment, advance, or deposit before, during, or 
 after, an election, in respect of any expenses in- 
 curred on account of or in respect of the conduct 
 or management of such election otherwise than 
 
 by or through the election agent acting in person, , 
 
 (&) See sect. 33 of the present Act and sects. 8, 25, of the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883, and p. 228, supra. 
 
 (/) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 9 (1), (3). 
 (m) Ibifl. s. 9 (2), (3). 
 (n) Ibid. as. 18, 25. 
 
296 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 88. or by a sub-agent within his district, and in the 
 case of any person, payment of any money pro- 
 vided by any person other than the candidate for 
 any of the said expenses, whether as gift, loan, 
 advance, or deposit, to any person other than the 
 candidate or his election agent (o). This shall 
 not, however, apply to (i) a tender of security 
 to or payment by the returning officer ; or (ii) any 
 sum disbursed by any person out of his own 
 money for any small expense legally incurred by 
 himself if such sum is not repaid to him ; or 
 (iii) payment by the candidate of any personal 
 expenses incurred by him on account of or in 
 connection with or incidental to the election, to 
 an amount not exceeding 100/. (/>); or (iv) the 
 payment by any person if authorised in writing 
 by the election agent of any necessary expenses 
 for stationery, postage, telegrams, and other petty 
 expenses, to a total amount not exceeding that 
 named in the authority (q). 
 
 (7) In the case of an election agent, or sub- 
 agent within his district, payment (a) without a 
 judgment or order of a competent Court, or leave 
 of the High Court first obtained, of a claim 
 against a candidate or his election agent in 
 respect of any expenses incurred on account or 
 in respect of the conduct or management of such 
 election, which is not sent in to the election 
 agent within fourteen days after the day on which 
 the candidates returned are declared elected (r) ; 
 
 (o) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, ss. 25, 28. 
 
 (p] Ibid. s. 31 (1). 
 
 (q) llid. B. 31 (3). 
 
 (r) Ibid. s. 29(2), (3), (8), (9); s. 2fi. 
 
ILLEGAL PRACTICES. 297 
 
 (b) without such leave, of any of the said expenses Sect. 38. 
 after twenty-eight days after the day on which 
 the candidates returned are declared elected (s). 
 
 (8) In the case of a candidate or his election 
 agent, failure, without authorised excuse, to com- 
 ply with the requirements of sect. 33 of the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883, as to the return and declara- 
 tion respecting election expenses (if). 
 
 (9) Making or publishing a false statement of 
 fact in relation to the personal character or con- 
 duct of a candidate for the purpose of affecting 
 his return, unless the person making or publishing 
 such statement can show that he had reasonable 
 grounds for believing and did believe the state- 
 ment made by him to be true (u). 
 
 (10) Any illegal payment, employment, or 
 hiring by a candidate, his election agent, or sub- 
 agent within his district, if personally guilty 
 thereof (x). 
 
 (11) Acting or inciting others to act at a 
 political meeting in a disorderly manner for the 
 purpose of preventing the transaction of the 
 business for which the meeting was called to- 
 gether, provided that such meeting is a lawful 
 public meeting held in a parliamentary constitu- 
 
 (s] Hid. B. 29 (4), (5) ; s. 25. If, however, the election court 
 reports that such payment was made without the sanction or con- 
 nivance of the candidate, his election will not be void nor will he 
 be subject to any incapacity by reason of such payment : ibid. 
 . 29 (6). 
 
 (t) Ibid. s. 33 (6). As to the position of the sub-agent, see ibid. 
 s. 25. 
 
 (?t) Corrupt Practices Act, 1895, s. 1. 
 
 (a?) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, ss. 21 (2), 25. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 38 - ency between the date of the issue (V) of a writ 
 for the return of a member of Parliament for 
 such constituency and the date at which a return 
 to such writ is made (a). 
 
 (12) Voting for more constituencies than the 
 voter is entitled to vote for in accordance with the 
 present Act, or asking for a ballot or voting paper 
 for the purpose of so voting, provided that (a) the 
 fact that any person has asked for a ballot paper 
 in a constituency in circumstances which entitle 
 him only to mark a tendered ballot paper in 
 pursuance of Rule 27 of the First Part of the 
 First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, shall not, 
 if he does not exercise that right, prevent his 
 voting or asking for a ballot or voting paper in 
 another constituency (b) ; and (b) the giving of a 
 vote by a returning officer in pursuance of sect. 2 
 of the Ballot Act, 1872, in the case of an equality 
 of votes, or the asking for a ballot paper for the 
 purpose of so voting, shall not, for the purposes 
 of this section, be deemed to be the giving of a 
 vote as a parliamentary elector, or the asking for 
 a ballot paper for the purpose of so voting (b). 
 
 (13) In the case of a person who is for the 
 time being entitled to vote by proxy in a con- 
 stituency under the present Act, himself voting 
 or attempting to vote at any parliamentary elec- 
 tion in that constituency otherwise than by means 
 
 (z) The writ is issued by the Speaker of the House of Commons 
 and may sometimes not be received by the returning officer in 
 the constituency until a day later. 
 
 () Public Meeting Act, 1908, SB. 1, 2. 
 
 (?>) See sect. 22 of the present Act and pp. 166 167, supra. 
 
PUNISHMENT OY ILLEGAL PRACTICES. 299 
 
 of the proxy paper, while the proxy paper is in Sect. 38. 
 force (<?). 
 
 (14) Voting or attempting to vote as proxy on 
 behalf of more than two absent voters at an elec- 
 tion in any constituency unless such person is 
 voting as the husband or wife, or the parent, 
 brother, or sister of the absent voter (c). 
 
 (15) Voting or attempting to vote at any elec- 
 tion under the authority of a proxy paper when 
 such person knows or has reasonable grounds for 
 supposing that the proxy paper has been cancelled, 
 or that the elector to whom or on whose behalf 
 the proxy paper has been issued is dead or no 
 longer entitled to vote at that election (c). 
 
 A person guilty of an illegal practice may be 
 prosecuted in the manner provided by the Sum- 
 mary Jurisdiction Acts(^), and is on summary 
 conviction liable to a fine not exceeding 100/.(r/), 
 and is incapable, during a period of five years 
 from the date of his conviction, of being regis- 
 tered as an elector, or of voting at any election 
 (whether it be a parliamentary election or an 
 election for a public office (0), held for or within 
 the county or borough in which the illegal prac- 
 tice was committed (/). 
 
 Further, he is prohibited from voting at such 
 election, and if he votes his vote shall be void(^). 
 
 (c) Clause (10) of the Third Schedule to the present Act, see 
 pp. 361362, infra. 
 
 (d) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 54 (1). 
 
 (e) As to meaning of "public office," see sect. 63 of the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883. 
 
 (/) Ibid. 8. 10. 
 (g) Ibid. s. 36. 
 
300 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 88. X. Illegal payment (K). A person is guilty of 
 illegal payment who 
 
 ( 1 ) Knowingly provides money for any pay- 
 ment contrary to the provisions of the Corrupt 
 Practices Act, 1883, or for any expenses incurred 
 in excess of any maximum amount allowed by 
 the said Act, or for replacing any money expended 
 in any such payment or expenses, except where 
 the same may previously have been allowed as an 
 exception (i) : 
 
 (2) Corruptly induces or procures any. other 
 person to withdraw from being a candidate at an 
 election in consideration of any payment or pro- 
 mise of payment, or so withdraws in pursuance 
 of such inducement or procure rnent(/r) : 
 
 (3) Pays or receives payment or contracts for 
 payment, before, during, or after an election, for 
 the purpose of promoting or procuring the election 
 of a candidate at any election, on account of bands 
 of music, torches, flags, banners, cockades, ribbons 
 or other marks of distinction (I). 
 
 XL Illegal employment (m). A person is guilty 
 of illegal employment who for the purpose of pro- 
 moting or procuring the election of a candidate 
 at any election engages or employs, or is for the 
 said purpose engaged or employed by, any other 
 person for payment or promise of payment for 
 any purpose, or in any capacity whatever, except 
 for any purposes or capacities mentioned in the 
 
 (h) See footnote () on p. 285, supra. 
 
 (i) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 13. See also sect. 33 (1) of the 
 present Act, p. 223, supra. 
 
 (A-) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 15. 
 
 (Z) Ibid. s. 16. 
 
 (m) See footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 
ILLEGAL HIRING. 
 
 first or second Parts of the First Schedule to the Sect - 88 
 
 Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, or except so far as 
 payment is authorised by the first or second Parts 
 of the said Schedule or otherwise by the said 
 Act (m). 
 
 XII. Illegal hiring (ri). A person is guilty of 
 illegal hiring who 
 
 (1) Lets, lends, or employs, for the purpose of 
 conveyance of electors to or from the poll, any 
 public stage or hackney carriage, or any horse or 
 other animal kept or used for drawing the same, 
 or any carriage, horse, or other animal, which he 
 keeps or uses for the purpose of letting out for 
 hire, knowing that it is intended to be used for 
 the purpose of the conveyance of electors to or 
 from the poll (o) ; or 
 
 (2) Hires, borrows, or uses, for the purpose of 
 the conveyance of electors to or from the poll, any 
 carriage, horse, or other animal, knowing that the 
 owner thereof is prohibited from letting, lending, 
 or employing it for that purpose (/>); or 
 
 (3) Hires or uses as a committee room, for the 
 purpose of promoting or procuring the election of 
 a candidate at an election, or lets, knowing it was 
 intended to use the same as a committee room, 
 any premises or part of any premises, 
 
 (a) On which the sale by wholesale or retail of 
 any intoxicating Jiquor is authorised by 
 a licence (whether the licence be for 
 consumption on or off the premises) ; or 
 
 (m] Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 17. 
 (n) See footnote (a) on p. 285, supra. 
 (o) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 14 (1). 
 (p) Ibid. s. 14 (2). 
 
302 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 88. (b) Where any intoxicating liquor is sold, or is 
 supplied to members of a club, society, 
 or association, other than a permanent 
 political club ; or 
 
 (c) Whereon refreshment of any kind, whether 
 
 food or drink, is ordinarily sold for con- 
 sumption on the premises ; or 
 
 (d) Of any public elementary school in receipt 
 
 of an annual parliamentary grant ; 
 but the provisions of (3) (a), (b), (c), (d), above, 
 do not apply to any part of such premises 
 which is ordinarily let for the purpose of chambers 
 or offices, or the holding of public meetings or of 
 arbitrations, if such part has a separate entrance 
 and no direct communication with any part of the 
 premises on which any intoxicating liquor or re- 
 freshment is sold or supplied as aforesaid (q). 
 
 A person guilty of an offence of illegal payment, 
 employment, or hiring may be prosecuted in the 
 manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction 
 Acts (r), and shall, on summary conviction, be 
 liable to a fine not exceeding 100/. (s). 
 
 A candidate, or an election agent of a candi- 
 date, who is personally guilty of an offence of 
 illegal payment, employment, or hiring, is guilty 
 of an illegal practice, and is punishable accord- 
 ingly (t). 
 
 As to the words in the second paragraph of sect. 38, 
 any period prescribed as the period within which 
 proceedings may be commenced. A proceeding 
 
 (q) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 20. 
 
 (r) Ibid. s. 54 (1). 
 
 () Ibid. B. 21 (1). 
 
 (t) Ibid. e. 21 (2), and see p. 299, supra. 
 
RE-ARRANGEMENT OF POLLING DISTRICTS. 303 
 
 against a person in respect of the offence of a Sect. 88. 
 corrupt or illegal practice, or any other offence 
 under the Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts, 
 must be commenced within one year after the 
 offence was committed, or if it was committed in 
 reference to an election with respect to which an 
 inquiry is held by election commissioners shall be 
 commenced within one year after the offence was 
 committed, or within three months after the 
 report of such commissioners is made, whichever 
 period last expires, so that it be commenced 
 within two years after the offence was com- 
 mitted (u). In the case of offences under the 
 Ballot Act, 1872, dealt with under I. and II. on 
 pp. 285 287, supra, there is no limit of time 
 within which proceedings must be commenced. 
 
 By sect. 38 of the present Act, this period 
 shall be reckoned as from the date on which 
 the person charged returned to the United King- 
 dom next after the commission of the offence. 
 
 39. The council having power to divide Re-arran ge - 
 a constituency into polling districts shall, JSng 
 not later than one month after the passing tomtit 
 of this Act, take into consideration the 
 division of the constituency into polling- 
 districts, and make any re-arrangements of 
 those districts and of polling places which 
 it appears necessary to make as a conse- 
 quence of alterations effected by this Act. 
 
 NOTE. The council having power here re- 
 
 (t*) Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, s. 51 (1). 
 
304 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect. 39. 
 
 Regulations 
 to be laid 
 before 
 Parliament. 
 
 ferred to is the County Council. See Local 
 Government Act, 1888, s. 3 (xii.). 
 
 constituency. As to the meaning of this word, 
 see sect. 41 (1), p. 305, infra. 
 
 In the application of this section to Scotland, 
 by sect. 43 (17) (p. 323, infra) the returning 
 officer is substituted for the council. 
 
 As to Ireland, see sect. 44 (9), pp. 332 333, 
 infra. 
 
 40. (1) All rules, regulations, or pro- 
 visions made by Order in Council under 
 this Act shall be laid before each House of 
 Parliament forthwith ; and unless and until 
 an address is presented to His Majesty by 
 either House of Parliament within the next 
 subsequent twenty-one days on which that 
 House has sat next after any such rule, 
 regulation, or provision is laid before it, 
 praying that the rule, regulation, or pro- 
 vision may be annulled, the rule, regulation, 
 or provision shall have effect as if enacted 
 in this Act. 
 
 (2) Any Order in Council under this 
 Act may be revoked or varied as occasion 
 requires by any subsequent Order in Council. 
 
 NOTE. The Orders in Council under this Act 
 which have, up to the time of going to press, been 
 made will be found in Appendices I. and VI., 
 infra. 
 
INTERPRETATION. 305 
 
 41. In this Act, unless the context other- sect. 41. 
 wise requires, 
 
 * tion. 
 
 (1) The expression " constituency " means 
 
 any county, borough, or combina- 
 tion of places, or university or 
 combination of universities, return- 
 ing a member to serve in Parlia- 
 ment ; and, where a county or 
 borough is divided for the purpose 
 of parliamentary elections, means 
 a division of the county or borough 
 so divided ; and elections for any 
 such division shall be held in 'the 
 same manner and subject to the 
 same provisions as those for un- 
 divided counties or boroughs (x) : 
 
 (2) The expression "local government 
 
 electoral area " means the area for 
 which any county council, muni- 
 cipal borough council, metropolitan 
 borough council, district council, 
 board of guardians, parish council, 
 or any other body elected at the 
 time of the passing of this Act by 
 persons on the local government 
 register or on the register of 
 parochial electors is elected ; and 
 
 (x) For a list of counties, boroughs, combinations of places, and 
 universities and combinations of universities returning members to 
 serve in Parliament, see the Ninth Schedule to the present Act, 
 pp. 404554, infra. 
 
 Y. 20 
 
306 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 41. the expression " local government 
 
 election " means an election for any 
 such council, board, or body (y) : 
 
 (3) The expression " general election ' 
 
 means an election of members to 
 serve in a new Parliament of the 
 United Kingdom : 
 
 (4) The expression " university constitu- 
 
 ency " means a constituency con- 
 sisting of a university or a com- 
 bination of universities ; and the 
 expression " university election " 
 means an election of a member 
 or members of Parliament for a 
 university constituency (s) : 
 
 (5) A person who is an inmate or patient 
 
 in any prison, lunatic asylum, 
 workhouse, poorhouse, or any 
 other similar institution shall not 
 by reason thereof be treated as 
 resident therein for any purpose 
 of this Act (a) : 
 
 (6) The expression " transferable vote " (b) 
 
 means a vote 
 
 (a) capable of being given so as 
 
 (y) See sect. 3, pp. 40 41, s. 4 (3), pp. 6465, and s. 8 (2), 
 pp. 101102, supra. 
 
 (z) For a list of university constituencies, see the Ninth Schedule 
 to the present Act, Part III., p. 554, infra. As to university 
 elections, see s. 36, pp. 279 280, supra. 
 
 (a) See p. 15, supra. 
 
 (b] See sect. 20, pp. 155157, and pp. 158160, supra. 
 
INTERPRETATION. 307 
 
 to indicate the voter's preference Sect - 41 - 
 for the candidates in order ; and 
 
 (b) capable of being transferred 
 to the next choice when the vote 
 is not required to give a prior 
 choice the necessary quota of 
 votes, or when, owing to the 
 deficiency in the number of the 
 votes given for a prior choice, that 
 choice is eliminated from the list 
 of candidates (c} : 
 
 (7) For the purposes of registration a 
 
 person's age shall be taken to be 
 that person's age on the last day 
 of the qualifying period (d) : 
 
 (8) The expression " dwelling-house " in- 
 
 cludes any part of a house where 
 that part is occupied separately 
 as a dwelling-house (e) : 
 
 (9) The yearly value of land or premises 
 
 shall be taken to be the gross 
 estimated rental, or in the metro- 
 polis the gross value, where those 
 premises are separately assessed to 
 rates, and in any other case shall 
 be deemed to be the amount 
 which would in the opinion of the 
 
 (c) See sect. 20, pp. 155 157, and pp. 158160, supra, 
 (d} See pp. 4 and 81, supra, 
 (e) See pp. 49 55 and 70, supra. 
 20 (2) 
 
308 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 ^ ec ^3^ registration officer be the gross 
 
 estimated rental or gross value, as 
 the case requires if they were 
 separately assessed (/) : 
 
 (10) The expression " afloat " and ex- 
 
 pressions relating to service afloat 
 in connection with naval and mili- 
 tary voters shall be interpreted in 
 accordance with rules (g) made for 
 the purpose by the Admiralty (h) : 
 
 (11) The expression " prescribed " means 
 
 prescribed by His Majesty by 
 Order in Council. 
 
 Adaptation 42. The parliamentary and the local 
 government franchises enacted by this Act 
 shall take the place of all parliamentary 
 and, so far as respects local government 
 elections within the meaning of this Act, of 
 all local government franchises existing at 
 the time of the passing of this Act ; and 
 the provisions set out in the Sixth Schedule 
 to this Act with respect to the adaptation 
 of Acts shall have effect for the purpose of 
 adapting the law to the provisions of this 
 Act. 
 
 NOTE. For the Sixth Schedule to this Act, see 
 pp. 386 390, infra. 
 
 (/) See pp. 28-33, 6869, 71, supra. 
 
 (g) Set out on p. 628, infra. 
 
 (h) See sect. 5 (3) (ii), pp. 7778, and pp. 8384, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 809 
 
 43. This Act shall apply to Scotland, sect. 43. 
 subject to the following modifications : to p scltiand 
 
 (1) Unless the context otherwise re- 
 quires 
 
 (a) The word " borough" ex- 
 cept as used in the expression 
 "parliamentary borough" means 
 " burgh " ; 
 
 (b) The expression " local govern- 
 ment electoral area" means the 
 area for which any county council, 
 town council, parish council, or 
 school board, is elected, and " local 
 government election " means an 
 election for any such council or 
 board ; 
 
 (c) The expression " the Local 
 Government Board " (except where 
 otherwise expressly provided) 
 means the Secretary for Scotland ; 
 
 (d) The expression " Valuation 
 
 Acts " means the Lands Valuation n&isvict. 
 (Scotland) Act, 1854, and any Acts * 9L 
 amending the same ; 
 
 (e) The expression " governing 
 body ' used in relation to a uni- 
 versity means the university court ; 
 
 ( f ) A reference to the Supreme 
 Court shall be construed as a 
 reference to the Court of Session ; 
 
310 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 19 L8. 
 
 Sect ' 43 - (g) A reference to the Court of 
 
 Appeal shall be construed as a 
 reference to the Court of three 
 judges of the Court of Session 
 constituted by the twenty-third 
 section of the Representation of 
 the People (Scotland) Act, 1868 ; 
 
 (h) A reference to the county 
 court shall be construed as a refer- 
 ence to the sheriff court : 
 
 (2) The yearly value of any subjects shall 
 
 be taken to be the value appearing 
 in the valuation roll where those 
 subjects are separately valued in 
 that roll, and in any other case 
 shall be deemed to be the value 
 which would in the opinion of 
 the registration officer be entered 
 therein if they were so valued (') : 
 
 (3) The section () of this Act relating to 
 
 local government franchise (men) 
 shall not apply, and in lieu 
 thereof * 
 
 (a) A man who is of full age and 
 not subject to any legal incapacity 
 shall be entitled to be registered 
 as a local government elector for a 
 local government electoral area if 
 
 (i) See sect. 1 (3), p. 3, sect. 4 (1) (c), p. 64, and sect. 7 (1) (b), 
 p. 98, supra. 
 
 (&) See sect. 3, pp. 40 41, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 311 
 
 he is on the last day of the qualify- sect. 43. 
 ing period and has been during the 
 whole of that period 
 
 (i) the owner of lands and heri- 
 tages within the area of the yearly 
 yalue of not less than ten pounds : 
 Where such lands and heritages 
 are in the joint ownership of two 
 or more persons and the aggregate 
 yearly value of the lands and 
 heritages is not less than the 
 amount produced by multiplying 
 ten pounds by the number of the 
 joint owners, each of the joint 
 owners shall be treated as owning 
 lands and heritages of the yearly 
 value of not less than ten pounds ; 
 or 
 
 (ii) the occupier as tenant of 
 lands and heritages within the 
 area of the yearly value of not less 
 than ten pounds : Where such 
 lands and heritages are in the joint 
 occupation as tenants of two or 
 more persons, and the aggregate 
 yearly value of the lands and 
 heritages is not less than the 
 amount produced by multiplying 
 ten pounds by the number of the 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 43. joint occupiers, each of the joint 
 
 occupiers shall be treated as oc- 
 cupying lands and heritages of the 
 yearly value of not less than ten 
 pounds; or 
 
 (iii) the inhabitant occupier as 
 owner or tenant of a dwelling- 
 house within the area ; or 
 
 (iv) the occupier of lodgings 
 within the area of the yearly value 
 if let unfurnished of not less than 
 ten pounds : Where such lodgings 
 are in the joint-occupation of not 
 more than two persons and the 
 aggregate yearly- value as aforesaid 
 of the lodgings is not less than 
 twenty pounds, each of the joint 
 lodgers shall be treated as occupy- 
 ing lodgings of the yearly value of 
 not less than ten pounds : or 
 
 (vj the inhabitant occupier by 
 virtue of any office, service, or em- 
 ployment of a dwelling - house 
 within the area which is not in- 
 habited by the person in whose 
 service he is in such office, service, 
 or employment : 
 
 (b) The ownership or occupation 
 in immediate succession of different 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 313 
 
 lands and heritages, dwelling- sect. 43. 
 houses, or lodgings, as the case 
 may be, in the same parliamentary 
 county or in the same parliamentary 
 borough shall have the like effect 
 in qualifying a man to be regis- 
 tered as a local government elector 
 for a local government electoral 
 area therein, respectively, as the 
 continued ownership or occupation 
 of the same lands and heritages, 
 dwelling-houses, or lodgings within 
 that area ; 
 
 (c) In this section "owner" 
 shall include heir of entail in 
 possession, life-renter, and bene- 
 ficiary entitled under any trust to 
 the rents and profits of lands and 
 heritages and shall not include the 
 fiar of lands and heritages subject 
 to a life-rent, nor tutor, curator, 
 judicial factor, nor commissioner; 
 4 * lands and heritages'' has the 
 same meaning as in the Valuation 
 Acts, and " dwelling-house " means 
 any house or part of a house occu- 
 pied as a separate dwelling : 
 (4) Subsection (1) of the section (I) of this 
 
 (?) See sect. 4, pp. 63 64, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 43 - Act relating to franchises (women) 
 
 shall not apply, and in lieu 
 thereof- 
 
 (a) A woman who is not subject 
 to any legal incapacity shall be 
 entitled to be registered as a par- 
 liamentary elector for a constitu- 
 ency (other than a university 
 constituency) if she has attained 
 the age of thirty years, and if 
 either she or her husband is on 
 the last day of the qualifying 
 period occupying as owner or 
 tenant any land or premises in the 
 constituency (hereinafter in this 
 subsection called " the qualifying 
 premises "), and has during the 
 whole of the qualifying period so 
 occupied any land or premises in 
 the county or county of a city in 
 which the qualifying premises are 
 situated : 
 
 (b) For the purposes of this sub- 
 section 
 
 (i) the word "tenant" shall 
 include a person who inhabits by 
 virtue of any office, service, or em- 
 ployment any dwelling-house which 
 is not inhabited by the person in 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 315 
 
 whose service he or she is in such sect. 43. 
 office, service, or employment : 
 
 (ii) the word " tenant " shall 
 include a person who occupies a 
 room or rooms as a lodger only 
 where such room or rooms are let 
 to him or her in an unfurnished 
 state : 
 
 (iii) the expression "land or 
 premises " means any land or pre- 
 mises (other than a dwelling-house) 
 of the yearly value of not less than 
 five pounds or any dwelling-house : 
 
 (iv) a woman, though she or her 
 husband may have been occupying 
 land or premises in the con- 
 stituency on the last day of the 
 qualifying period, shall not be en- 
 titled to be so registered, if she or 
 her husband, as the case may be, 
 commenced to occupy the land 
 or premises within thirty days 
 before the end of the qualifying 
 period and ceased to occupy them 
 within thirty days after the com- 
 mencement of such occupation ; 
 
 (v) the word " county " means a 
 county inclusive of all burghs 
 therein except a county of a city, 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 8601:43 and the word "dwelling-house" 
 
 means any house or part of a house 
 occupied as a separate dwelling : 
 
 (vi) where land or premises are 
 in the joint occupation of two or 
 more persons, each of the joint 
 occupiers shall be treated as occupy- 
 ing the same, provided that not 
 more than two joint occupiers shall 
 be so treated in respect of the 
 same land or premises, unless they 
 are bona fide engaged as partners, 
 carrying on their profession, trade, 
 or business on the land or premises, 
 and provided further that in 
 the case of land or premises 
 (other than a dwelling - house) 
 the aggregate yearly value thereof 
 must be not less than the 
 amount produced by multiplying 
 five pounds by the number of joint 
 occupiers : 
 
 (c) A woman registered by virtue 
 of this section shall be deemed to 
 be registered by virtue of her own 
 or her husband's local government 
 qualification : 
 
 (5) Subsection (1) of the section (/) of this 
 
 (/) See sect. 7, pp. 9899, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 317 
 
 Act relating to supplemental pro- sect. 43. 
 visions as to residence and occupa- 
 tion shall not apply except in so 
 far as that subsection relates to the 
 parliamentary franchise for men, 
 and subsection (4) ( /) of the said sec- 
 tion shall not apply (m) : 
 
 (6) The section (n) of this Act relating to 
 
 provisions as to disqualifications 
 shall have effect as if the following 
 provision were enacted therein : 
 
 A person shall not be disqualified 
 from being registered or from 
 voting as a parliamentary or local 
 government elector by reason that 
 he is the town clerk or depute 
 town clerk of any burgh or the 
 assessor under the Valuation Acts 
 in any burgh or county : 
 
 (7) The section (0) of this Act relating to 
 
 provision as to qualification of 
 councillor shall not apply : 
 
 (8) The section (p) of this Act relating to 
 
 registration officers and areas shall 
 not apply, and in lieu thereof 
 Each burgh, the town council 
 
 (0 Seep. 100. 
 
 (w) See pp. 5657, s. 4, pp. 6365, 6970, and 74. 
 
 (n) See sect. 9, pp. 112115, supra. 
 
 (o) See sect. 10, p. 123, supra. 
 
 (p} See sect. 12, pp. 130131, supra. 
 
318 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sect. 43. whereof was entitled under the 
 
 law in force at the passing of this 
 Act to appoint an assessor for the 
 purpose of parliamentary registra- 
 tion, and each county (exclusive of 
 every such burgh), or, where any 
 county is divided for the purpose 
 of parliamentary elections, each 
 part of the county (with the like 
 exclusion) which lies within a 
 separate parliamentary division, 
 shall be a registration area ; and 
 the assessor of the burgh or county 
 under the Valuation Acts, or 
 where there are two or more such 
 assessors, one of them appointed 
 for the purpose of parliamentary 
 registration by the town or county 
 council, as the case may be, shall 
 be the registration officer of that 
 area, and all other assessors (if any) 
 in that area shall, for the purpose 
 of the registration of parliamentary 
 and local government electors, be 
 subject to the instructions of the 
 registration officer and shall be 
 bound to act on such instructions : 
 Provided that, from and after 
 the date when the first register 
 under this Act shall have been 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 310 
 
 completed, an officer of Inland Sect - 43 - 
 Revenue shall not be appointed or 
 continue to act as assessor for 
 any burgh or county under the 
 Valuation Acts without the consent 
 of the Treasury : 
 
 (9) The provisions regarding the appoint- 
 
 ment of an assistant judge in the 
 section (q) of this Act relating to 
 appeals shall not apply : 
 
 (10) In the application of the section (r) 
 
 of this Act relating to right to the 
 use of elementary schools the ex- 
 pression " any public elementary 
 school " means "any school in 
 receipt of a parliamentary grant " : 
 
 (11) The first subsection of the section (s) 
 
 of this Act relating to expenses of 
 registration shall not apply, and in 
 lieu thereof 
 
 Any expenses properly incurred 
 by any registration officer in the 
 performance of his duties in 
 relation to registration, including 
 all proper and reasonable charges 
 for trouble, care, and attention in 
 the performance of those duties 
 
 (q} See sect. 14 (6), pp. 136137, supra. 
 (r) See sect. 25, pp. 204205, supra. 
 () See sect. 15, pp. 139140, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 4 3. and any cost incurred by him as 
 
 party to an appeal (in this Act 
 referred to as " registration ex- 
 penses "), shall be paid by the 
 council appointing the registration 
 officer : Provided that, where a 
 burgh within the meaning of the 
 Local Government (Scotland) Act, 
 1889, is not a separate registration 
 area, the council thereof shall pay 
 to the council appointing the 
 registration officer a contribution 
 towards the registration expenses, 
 and subsection (4) of section sixty 
 and section sixty-six of that Act 
 shall apply, with the necessary 
 modifications, to such contribution. 
 The amount necessary to defray 
 any registration expenses or any 
 contribution thereto, as the case 
 may be, shall be assessed and levied 
 in any one of the modes allowed 
 by the Valuation Acts with respect 
 to the costs and expenses of making 
 up the valuation roll : 
 (12) In subsection (5) of the section (t) of 
 this Act relating to expenses of 
 registration the expression "the 
 " council whose clerk the registra- 
 
 (t) See sect. 15 (5), p, 141, ivpra. 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 321 
 
 "tion officer is " means "the sect. 43. 
 " council appointing the registra- 
 tion officer" : 
 
 (13) The sections (w) of this Act relating to 
 returning officers and to discharge 
 of returning officers' duties by an 
 acting returning officer shall not 
 apply, and in lieu thereof : 
 
 The returning officer at parlia- 
 mentary elections (other than a 
 university election) shall as hereto- 
 fore be the sheriff of the sheriffdom 
 within which the constituency is 
 wholly situated or, where the con- 
 stituency is situated in more than 
 one sheriffdom, the sheriff specified 
 in the Seventh Schedule (x) to this 
 Act, and the power of appointing 
 deputies conferred by section eight 
 of the Ballot Act, 1872, on certain 
 sheriffs shall be exerciseable by any 
 sheriff who is returning officer for 
 more than one constituency or 
 who, by reason of sickness or un- 
 avoidable absence, is incapacitated 
 from performing any of the duties 
 devolving upon him as returning 
 officer, and in the event of no 
 
 (u] See sects. 28 and 30, pp. 211 and 217 218, supra. 
 (a?) Set out on p. 391, infra. 
 F. 21 
 
322 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 43. such appointment being made by a 
 
 sheriff so incapacitated or in the 
 event of any vacancy in the office 
 of sheriff at the time when any 
 of such duties require to be per- 
 formed, the sheriff substitute at 
 the place at which the writ for 
 the election is appointed to be 
 received shall act as returning 
 officer, and shall perform all the 
 duties and have all the powers 
 (including the power of appointing 
 deputies) of such returning officer : 
 
 (14) Notwithstanding the provisions of 
 
 subsection ( 1 ) of the section (x) of 
 this Act relating to polls to be held 
 'on one day at a general election, 
 etc., the poll at any general or 
 bye -election for the constituency 
 of Orkney and Zetland shall remain 
 open for two consecutive days as 
 heretofore : 
 
 (15) The provisions of the last paragraph 
 
 of the section (y) of this Act re- 
 lating to register for university 
 constituencies shall not apply, and 
 the said section shall have effect 
 as if regulation sixteen of section 
 
 (x] See sect. 21, p. 161, supra. 
 
 (y] See sect. 19, pp. 153 154, su,pr<t. 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 323 
 
 two of the Universities Elections sect, as. 
 Amendment (Scotland) Act, 1881, * 4 Vict - 
 were enacted therein in lieu of the 
 said paragraph : 
 
 (16) The section (0) of this Act relating to 
 
 place of election shall not apply, 
 and in lieu thereof : 
 
 In the case of parliamentary 
 elections (other than an election for 
 a university constituency), the place 
 of election shall be a convenient 
 room situated in such place as 
 the Secretary for Scotland may by 
 order from time to time determine : 
 
 (17) In the application of the section (a) 
 
 of this Act relating to division of 
 constituency into polling districts 
 and appointment of polling places, 
 and of the section (b) of this Act 
 relating to re-arrangement of 
 polling districts to suit new con- 
 stituencies, the returning officer 
 shall be substituted for the council 
 having a power or duty under those 
 sections to divide a constituency 
 into polling districts, and the Lord 
 
 (z] See sect. 32, pp. 222223, supra. 
 (a) See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 
 (6) See sect. 39, p. 303, supra. 
 
 21(2) 
 
 
REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 43 - Advocate shall be substituted for 
 
 the Local Government Board : 
 
 (18) Notwithstanding anything in this 
 Act it shall not in the year 
 nineteen hundred and nineteen and 
 subsequent years be necessary- 
 fa) As regards any burgh or any 
 registration unit therein, if the 
 town council of the burgh so 
 resolve, to show or distingviish in 
 any spring register the names of 
 persons entitled to vote as local 
 government electors ; or 
 
 (b) As regards any county or 
 any registration unit therein, .if 
 the county council of the county 
 so resolve, to show or distinguish 
 in any register other than the 
 autumn register in those years in 
 which county council elections fall 
 to be held the names of persons 
 entitled to vote as local government 
 electors : 
 
 Provided that 
 
 (i) a resolution under this sec- 
 tion shall not have effect unless 
 it is passed as respects the spring 
 register in any year before the first 
 day of January in that year, and as 
 
APPLICATION TO SCOTLAND. 325 
 
 respects the autumn register in any sect. 43. 
 year before the first day of July in 
 that year ; 
 
 (ii) for all the purposes of the 
 registration of local government 
 electors in any burgh or county or 
 registration unit therein to which 
 any such resolution applies, the 
 last preceding local government 
 register shall remain in force until 
 a new local government register 
 comes into force : 
 
 In this subsection " burgh" has 
 the same meaning as in the Town 
 Councils (Scotland) Act, 1900, and es&eivict. 
 " county " means a county exclusive 
 of any such burgh : 
 
 (19) Except as expressly provided in this 
 Act- 
 fa) Nothing in this Act shall 
 take effect so as to deprive any 
 royal or parliamentary burgh losing 
 separate representation under this 
 Act of any right privilege, or 
 status, whether for purposes of 
 local government or otherwise, 
 hitherto enjoyed by such burgh as 
 a royal or parliamentary burgh ; and 
 (b) Nothing in this Act or in any 
 
326 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 43 - Act in force at the passing of this 
 
 Act as read with this Act shall 
 take effect so as to confer upon 
 any police burgh acquiring separate 
 representation under this Act any 
 rights, privileges, or status, whether 
 for purposes of local government or 
 otherwise, not enjoyed by other 
 police burghs. 
 
 In this subsection the references 
 to royal, parliamentary, or police 
 burghs shall be deemed to include 
 references to the magistrates, town 
 councils, and officers thereof, 
 respectively, and the expression 
 " separate representation " shall be 
 construed as meaning the right to 
 return, or to contribute as a burgh 
 to return, a member, or members 
 to Parliament. 
 
 Application 44. This Act shall apply to Ireland 
 reiand. su kj ec t to the following modifications : 
 
 (1) References to the Lord Chancellor 
 shall be construed as references 
 to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland. 
 The Lord Chancellor shall not 
 sit as a member of the Court of 
 Appeal 011 the hearing of appeals (a) 
 from the county court under this 
 Act. 
 
 (a) See sect. 14, pp. 135 137, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 
 
 In any county in which the Sect - 44 - 
 jurisdiction of the county court is 
 exercised for the time being by 
 two or more county court judges, 
 the appeals from the registration 
 officer shall be dealt with by such 
 one of those judges or his assistant 
 judge as may be directed by the 
 Lord Chancellor, or shall be dis- 
 tributed amongst those judges and 
 their assistant judges according as 
 may be so directed. 
 
 For the purposes of this Act, 
 county court rules, orders, and 
 scales of fees, costs, and charges 
 may be made under sections 
 seventy-nine, eighty-three, and 
 eighty-four of the County Officers 
 and Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877 ; 40 & vict. 
 but the provisions of those sections c 
 as to the concurrence of, or certi- 
 fication by, county court judges or 
 the recorder shall not apply : 
 
 (2) The reference (b) to the Local Govern- 
 ment Board in relation to the 
 approval of a deputy for the 
 execution of any of the powers 
 and duties of a registration officer 
 shall be construed as a reference 
 to the Lord Lieutenant, and other 
 references to that Board shall be 
 
 (/>) See sect. 12 (3), pp. 130131, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 44 - construed as references to the Local 
 
 Government Board for Ireland : 
 (3) (a) The clerk of the crown and peace 
 for an administrative county, not 
 being a county borough, shall be 
 the registration officer for any 
 parliamentary county which is 
 coterminous with, or the whole or 
 greater part of which is contained 
 in, the administrative county, and 
 for any parliamentary borough of 
 which the whole or greater part is 
 contained in the administrative 
 county and no part is contained in 
 a county borough, and the clerk 
 of the crown and peace for a 
 county borough shall be the regis- 
 tration officer for any parliamentary 
 borough which is coterminous with, 
 or the whole or any part of 
 which is contained in, the county 
 borough (c) 9 and the council of that 
 administrative county or county 
 borough, as the case may be, 
 shall be the council by which 
 the registration expenses of that 
 registration officer are to be paid, 
 subject in cases where the parlia- 
 mentary county or parliamentary 
 borough is not coterminous with, 
 or wholly contained in, the admin- 
 istrative county or county borough, 
 
 (c) See sect. 12 (2), p. 130, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 329 
 
 as the case may be, to such con- Sect - 44 - 
 tribution by the council of any 
 other administrative couijty or 
 county borough as the Local 
 Government Board may direct (d) : 
 Provided that the registration ex- 
 penses to be paid by a council 
 shall not include any charges for 
 trouble, care, and attention, in 
 the performance of duties which 
 are performed by the registration 
 officer in person : Provided also 
 that the persons who, at the passing 
 of this Act, are town clerks for the 
 county borough of Dublin and the 
 county borough of Belfast, respec- 
 tively, shall, so long as they hold 
 their respective offices, be the 
 registration officers for the parlia- 
 mentary borough of Dublin and 
 the parliamentary borough of 
 Belfast, respectively, and that the 
 last preceding proviso shall not 
 apply in their case. 
 
 (b) The registration expenses (d) 
 shall be paid in the case of the 
 council of a county borough, out 
 of the rate or fund out of which 
 the general expenses of the council 
 are paid, or out of any other rate 
 or fund which the Local Govern- 
 ment Board may on the applica- 
 
 (d) See sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra. 
 
330 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 44 - tion of the council approve, and, 
 
 in the case of a council of any 
 other administrative county, out 
 of the poor rate as a county at 
 large charge, except in cases ta 
 which section twelve of the Parlia- 
 48 & 49 vict. mentary Registration (Ireland) Act, 
 
 1885, applies (e) : 
 
 (c) In the event of any vacancy 
 in the office of registration officer 
 or in the event of the registration 
 officer's incapacity to act, the 
 powers and duties of the registra- 
 tion officer may be exercised and 
 performed by any person tempo - 
 rarily appointed in that behalf by 
 the Lord Chancellor (/) : 
 
 (d) The power of advancing 
 sums to a registration officer on 
 account of registration expenses 
 shall be exerciseable by the council 
 by which those expenses are to be 
 paid (g) : 
 
 (e) This section, in its applica- 
 tion to the county of Tipperary, 
 shall have effect as if each parlia- 
 mentary division of the county 
 were a separate parliamentary 
 county, and as if the clerk of the 
 crown and peace for the entire 
 
 (e} See sect. 15, pp. 139 141, supra. 
 (/) See sect. 12 (4), p. 131, supra. 
 (0) See sect. 15 (5), p. 141, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 
 
 331 
 
 county were clerk of the crown Sect - 
 and peace for the administrative 
 counties of the North Riding and 
 the South Riding respectively : 
 
 (4) Where an administrative county is 
 
 divided into ridings the Lord 
 Lieutenant may, by order, divide 
 the parliamentary county into a 
 corresponding number of registra- 
 tion areas, and make any adap- 
 tations of this Act which may be 
 necessary in consequence of the 
 division, and the clerk of the 
 crown and peace for any riding 
 shall be registration officer (h) for 
 such of those areas as may be 
 directed by the Lord Lieutenant : 
 
 (5) For the purposes of appeals from the 
 
 registration officer, and also for 
 the purpose of the revision of 
 jurors' lists, the powers and juris- 
 diction of the county court shall, 
 unless and until the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant otherwise direct, be exer- 
 cised, as respects the parliamentary 
 borough of Dublin, by the persons 
 who are at the time of the 
 passing of this Act Dublin revising 
 barristers, and as respects the 
 parliamentary county of Dublin by 
 the person who is at the time of 
 the passing of this Act revising 
 
 (h) See sect, 12, pp. 130131, 8i>i>ra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ALT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 44 ; barrister for that county ; but 
 
 while those powers are so exer- 
 cised, the provisions of this Act 
 as to county courts shall apply to 
 those persons as they apply to 
 county courts, with the necessary 
 modifications, and in particular 
 with the modification that assistant 
 judges may be appointed to assist 
 those persons if, in the opinion of 
 the Lord Chancellor, such appoint- 
 ment is necessary in order to 
 enable the appeals to be disposed 
 of with proper dispatch (t) : 
 
 (6) The expenses of any printing required 
 
 in connection with registration 
 shall be treated as part of the 
 expenses (k) of the registration 
 officer under this Act, notwith- 
 standing that the printing is ar- 
 ranged for by the county council 
 under section ninety-six of the 
 6i & 62 vict. Local Government (Ireland) Act, 
 
 1898: 
 
 (7) The expression " assistant overseer " (/) 
 
 means a town clerk, secretary of a 
 county council, clerk of an urban 
 district council, an existing clerk 
 of the union, within the meaning 
 of the Local Government (Ireland) 
 
 (/) See sect. 14, pp. 135 137, supra, 
 (k) See sect. 15, pp. 139 141, supra. 
 (/) See sect. 18, pp. 148149, tuprtt. 
 
APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 333 
 
 Act, 1898, and a collector of poor Sect - 44 - 
 rate : 
 
 (8) Notwithstanding the limit imposed in 
 
 subsection (2) of section twenty- 
 seven of the County Officers and 
 Courts (Ireland) Act, 1877, the 
 salaries of clerks of the crown and 
 peace may be increased by orders 
 made under that subsection to 
 such extent as appears to the Lord 
 Lieutenant and Council, with the 
 concurrence of the Treasury, to be 
 proper, haying regard to the addi- 
 tional duties imposed on those 
 officers by this Act(m) : Provided 
 that the liability of a clerk of the 
 crown and peace to account for 
 sums other than registration ex- 
 penses received by him as registra- 
 tion officer shall not extend to any 
 such increase of salary : 
 
 (9) The provisions (n) with respect to the 
 
 division of constituency into polling 
 districts and appointment of polling 
 places shall have effect with the 
 following modifications : 
 
 (a) A reference to the council by 
 which the registration expenses of 
 the registration officer for any 
 constituency are to be paid shall 
 be substituted for the reference to 
 
 (m) See sect. 44 (3) (a), pp. 328329, supra. 
 (n) See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 
 
334 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect - 44 the council whose clerk the regis- 
 
 tration officer for any constituency 
 is, or by whom the registration 
 officer is appointed (-n) : 
 
 (b) The powers of a council 
 under the said provisions shall be 
 exercised in accordance with rules 
 made by the Local Government 
 Board, and any exercise of the 
 powers shall be subject to con- 
 firmation by that Board who may 
 confirm the proposed division, ap- 
 pointment or alteration either with 
 or without modifications, or may 
 withhold confirmation (n) : 
 
 (c) The Board may cause a local 
 inquiry to be held as respects any 
 questions arising in connection 
 with the said provisions, and article 
 thirty-two of the schedule to the 
 Local Government (Application of 
 Enactments) Order, 1898, shall 
 apply to any such inquiry (n) : 
 
 (10) Part IV. of this Act (o), and the 
 provisions with respect to an urban 
 district which is coterminous with, 
 or wholly contained in, a registra- 
 tion area (p), or with respect to 
 the persons who are to be return- 
 ing officers (<y), or with respect to 
 
 () See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 
 
 (o) See sect. 37, pp. 282283, supra. 
 
 (p) See sect. 16 (1), p. 145, supra. 
 
 (<?) See sect. 28, p. 211, and pp. 212214, supra. 
 
APPLICATION TO IRELAND. 3 
 
 the discharge of returning officers' Sect - 44 - 
 duties by an acting returning 
 officer (/), or with respect to place 
 of election (s), or with respect to 
 the right to the use of elementary 
 schools (t), shall not apply : 
 11) (a) The qualifying period (u) shall 
 be a period of six months ending 
 on the fifteenth day of July and 
 including that day : 
 
 Provided that one month shall 
 be substituted for six months in 
 the application of this provision to 
 a person who is a naval or military 
 voter or who has been serving as a 
 member of the naval, military, or 
 air forces of the Crown at any time 
 during the said six months and has 
 ceased so to serve ; 
 
 (b) One register (x) of electors 
 only shall be made in each year, 
 and all provisions (x) applicable to 
 the autumn register shall apply as 
 respects the yearly register (except 
 that the yearly register shall remain 
 in force until the fifteenth day of 
 October in the next following year), 
 and the provisions (#) as to the pre- 
 paration of two registers in each 
 
 (r) See sect. 30, pp. 217218, supra. 
 (*) See sect. 32, pp. 222 223, supra. 
 ($) See sect. 25, pp. 204205, supra, 
 (u) See sect. 6, p. 94, supra, 
 (x) See sect. 11, pp. 125126, supra. 
 
336 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Sect i_ 44 year and as to the spring register 
 
 shall not apply : 
 
 (12) The yearly value (y) of premises shall 
 
 be taken to be the rateable value 
 where those premises are separately 
 valued, and in any other case shall 
 be deemed to be the amount which 
 would, in the opinion of the regis- 
 tration officer, be the rateable value 
 if they were separately valued : 
 
 (13) A person shall not be entitled to be 
 
 registered or vote for a parlia- 
 mentary county constituency in 
 respect of a qualification in a par- 
 liamentary borough constituency : 
 
 (14) The following proviso shall be substi- 
 
 tuted for the proviso at the end of 
 subsection (2) of section eight (z) : 
 " Nothing in this provision shall 
 " prevent a person voting at an 
 " election to fill a casual vacancy 
 " in a borough council in any ward 
 " for which he is registered/' 
 
 Application 45. The provisions of this Act shall apply 
 tlie to the Isles of Scilly as if those isles were 
 an administrative county, and as if the 
 council of those isles were a county council, 
 and any expenses incurred by the council 
 
 (y} See sect. 1 (3), p. 3, sect. 4 (1) (c), p. 64, and sect. 7 (1), 
 (a), (b), p. 98, supra. 
 
 () See pp. 101102, snpru. 
 
COMMENCEMENT OF ACT AND FIRST REGISTER. 337 
 
 under this Act shall be paid as general Sect - 45 
 expenses of the council. 
 
 46. (1) This Act shall come into opera- Commence- 
 tion on the passing thereof: Provided that Sfirft^ 
 nothing in this Act shall affect- register - 
 
 (a) any parliamentary register for the time 
 
 being in force, or any parliamentary 
 elections, or the constitution of the 
 House of Commons, until Parlia- 
 ment is first dissolved or ceases to 
 have continuance after the first 
 register to be prepared under this 
 Act comes into force ; or 
 
 (b) any local government register for the 
 
 time being in force, or any local 
 government elections, until the 
 first register to be prepared under 
 this Act comes into force. 
 
 (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, 
 the first register to be prepared under this 
 Act shall come into force on, and remain in 
 force until, such date as His Majesty may 
 fix by Order in Council (a), and His Majesty 
 may by any such Order alter, in connection 
 with the first register, any registration 
 dates (i), including the dates governing the 
 qualifying period, and direct that this Act 
 shall have effect as so altered. 
 
 () See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, 
 Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra, and Order in Council of March 4th, 
 1918, p. 613, infra. 
 
 (ft) See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, and 
 Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra. 
 
 r. 22 
 
338 
 
 Sect. 46. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) If any difficulty arises as to the pre- 
 paration of the first register or the holding 
 of the first elections after the commence- 
 ment of this Act, the Local Government 
 Board may by order do any matter or thing 
 which appears to them necessary for the 
 proper preparation of the register or the 
 proper holding of the elections. 
 
 (4) This section shall apply to any new 
 register to be prepared and to any elections 
 held during the continuance of the present 
 w r ar and a period of twelve months there- 
 after, as it applies to the first register (b) to 
 be prepared under this Act and to the first 
 elections (c) held after the commencement 
 of this Act, respectively. 
 
 Repeal and 47 .-_ (1) The enactments mentioned in 
 
 snort title. 1 TTIIOI -11 i 
 
 the Ji/ighth Schedule to this Act are hereby 
 repealed to the extent specified in the third 
 column of that Schedule (d). 
 
 (2) This Act may be cited as the Repre- 
 sentation of the People Act, 1918. 
 
 (b) See sect. 46 (2) and (3), above. 
 
 (c) See sect. 46 (3), above. 
 
 (d) See pp. 391 402, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION RULES. 339 
 
 SCHEDULES. 
 FIEST SCHEDULE. Sections 18> 
 
 14 (1). 
 
 REGISTRATION RULES (a). 
 Form of Register. 
 
 1 . The register shall be framed in separate parts (6) far Separate part 
 each registration unit in the registration area. f register 
 
 The registration unit shall be the parish where the gistration 
 parish is wholly contained in one voting area, and where umt ' 
 a parish is contained in more than one voting area, shall 
 be each part of the parish contained in a separate voting 
 area; and for the purposes of this rule the expression 
 "voting area" means any polling district, electoral divi- 
 sion, borough, county district other than a borough, and 
 any ward of a borough, county district, or parish, and 
 any other area for which a separate election at which the 
 register is to be used is held. 
 
 2. The register shall, as respects each registration unit, Separate 
 contain the names of those who are entitled to vote as parliament 
 parliamentary electors and of those who are entitled to taT 7 an<1 
 vote as local government electors, but shall be framed so ment electors, 
 as to show in separate divisions the names of those who are 
 
 entitled to vote both as parliamentary and local govern- 
 ment electors, the names of those who are entitled to vote 
 as parliamentary electors but not as local government elec- 
 tors, and the names of those who are entitled to vote as 
 local government electors but not as parliamentary 
 electors (c) . 
 
 Where a person whose name is entered as a local 
 government elector in any registration unit is not entitled 
 
 () See sect, 13, set out on pp. 133134, and sect. 14 (1), p. 135, 
 supra. 
 
 (1} See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 4, p. 748, infra, 
 as to supplement to be added to part of register relating to polling 
 'district. 
 
 (c) See Form of Register, pp. 577 578, infra. 
 
 22 (2) 
 
340 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Absent 
 voters list. 
 
 Register to 
 be made up 
 in street or 
 alphabetical 
 order. 
 
 Effect of 
 
 register. 
 
 to vote in respect of that entry at the local government 
 elections for all the local government electoral areas which 
 comprise that unit, the registration officer shall place a 
 mark against his name, with a note to signify that the 
 person against whose name the mark is placed is not 
 entitled to vote for the local government elections men- 
 tioned in the note, and any such note shall be deemed to 
 be part of the register (c). 
 
 3. The registration officer shall prepare and add as a 
 supplement to the register a separate list (d) for the whole 
 registration area, or, where the area includes more than 
 one constituency, for each constituency in the area, of 
 persons entitled to vote as absent voters (e) (in this Act 
 referred to as the absent voters list) without, however, 
 removing the names of those voters from any other part of 
 the register. Every such list shall be made up according 
 to polling districts (/) . 
 
 4. Where the registration unit is situated in a parlia- 
 mentary borough, the names in the register shall be 
 arranged in street order, unless the authority whose clerk 
 the registration officer is or by whom he is appointed con- 
 siders that, having regard to the general character of the 
 area forming the registration unit, arrangement in street 
 order is inapplicable; and where the registration unit is 
 situated in a parliamentary county, the names in the 
 register shall be arranged in alphabetical order, unless the 
 said authority considers that, having regard to the general 
 character of the area forming the registration unit, 
 arrangement in street order is possible and convenient (g). 
 
 5. The registers for the registration units making up 
 any constituency, so far as they relate to parliamentary 
 
 (c) As to the mark and note here referred to, see p. 577, infra. . 
 
 (d) For arrangement of names in and form of absent voters list, 
 see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, par. 3, p. 748, infra and 
 Third Schedule, p. 751, infra. 
 
 (e) See sect. 23, pp. 173176, and pp. 177178, supra. 
 (/) See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 
 
 (g) For Form of Register in street order and in alphabetical order 
 see pp. 603604, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION RULES. 341 
 
 electors, shall together form the register of parliamentary 
 electors for that constituency, and the registers of the 
 registration units making up any local government elec- 
 toral area, so far as they relate to local government electors, 
 shall together form the register of local government electors 
 for that area. 
 
 Duty of Registration Officer to prepare and publish Lists. 
 
 6. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to cause Duty of 
 a house to house or other sufficient inquiry to be made, and 
 
 to prepare or cause to be prepared lists (in this Act referred pare electors' 
 to as electors lists) for each registration unit within his 
 registration area of all persons appearing to be entitled to 
 be registered (g) <ajs parliamentary or local government 
 electors in the spring and autumn register respectively, and 
 to publish (h) those lists in the form in which the register 
 is to be framed, as respects the lists for the spring 
 register (f) on or before the first day of February (/), and 
 as respects the lists for the autumn register (i) on or 
 before the first day of August (;) . 
 
 The registration officer shall at the same time publish (h) 
 a notice specifying the mode in which, and the time within 
 which, claims and objections are to be made under these 
 rules. 
 
 7. The registration officer, where he does not himself Duty of 
 perform the duties of overseers, may require the overseers J r ^ rs 
 of any parish which, or any part of which, forms a regis- electors lists 
 tration unit within his registration area to make the neces- Sorm^aiou 
 eary inquiries and to prepare the electors lists for that if required. 
 unit (ft) and publish (I) the lists in the unit on his behalf, 
 
 (</) See sect. 13, pp. 133 134, and p. 134, supra, also sects. 1, 3, 
 4 and 5. 
 
 (h} See rale 31, pp. 350 351, infra. As to the period during 
 which, as regards the first register, these documents must be kept 
 published, Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, 
 and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. 
 
 (t) See sect. 11, pp. 125 126, supra. 
 
 (j) This date as regards the first register has been altered to 
 29th June. See pp. 128 1"29, supra. 
 
 (k) See rule 1, p. 339, supra. 
 
 (/) See rule 31, pp. 350351, infra. 
 
342 
 
 REPKESENTAT1ON OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Corrupt and 
 illegal prac- 
 tices list. 
 
 and it shall be the duty of the overseers to furnish lists as so 
 required, and also at any time, if required by the registra- 
 tion officer, to furnish that officer with information respect- 
 ing any persons resident or occupying land or premises in 
 their parish, or the removal of any person from the parish. 
 
 Any reasonable expenses incurred by the overseers in 
 performing any duties required of them in pursuance of 
 this rule (including reasonable remuneration where the 
 duties are performed by an assistant overseer or other 
 paid officer) shall be paid by the registration officer as 
 part of his registration expenses (m). In this rule the ex- 
 pression " overseers " includes any person for the time 
 being executing any of the duties of overseers. 
 
 8. The registration officer shall publish (w), together with 
 the electors lists, the corrupt and illegal practices list (if 
 any) made by him under section thirty-nine of the Corrupt 
 and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 (0), or made by 
 or sent to him under section twenty -four of the Municipal 
 Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Act, 1884. 
 
 Claim to be 
 exit to 
 registration 
 officer. 
 
 Claims to be Registered. 
 
 9. Any person who claims to be entitled to be regis- 
 tered as a parliamentary or local government elector, and 
 who is not entered, or who is entered in an incorrect place 
 or manner or with incorrect particulars on the electors 
 lists, may claim to be registered, or to be registered 
 correctly, by sending (p) to the registration officer a claim 
 in the prescribed form (q) not later than the eighteenth 
 
 (m) See sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra, and scale of registration 
 expenses set out at pp. 610612, infra. 
 
 (??) See rule 31, pp. 350 351, infra. As to the period during 
 which, in connection with the first register, the corrupt and illegal 
 practices list must be kept published, see Order in Council of 
 June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, 
 infra. 
 
 (o) Set out at pp. 718 714, infra. 
 
 (p) See rule 34, pp. 351352, infra. 
 
 (q) For forms (1 to 9), see pp. 562569, infra. 
 
KEGISTKAT1ON KULES. 
 
 day of February (r) where the claim is for the spaing 
 register, and the eighteenth day of August (r) where the 
 claim is for the autumn register. 
 
 10. The form of claim (a) for a person making a claim Form of 
 on his own behalf shall contain a declaration of the qualifi- 
 cation of the claimant to be registered, including a declara- 
 tion that the claimant has attained the required age, and 
 
 is a British subject, and of the character in which the 
 claimant desires to be registered, that is to say, either as a 
 parliamentary elector, or as a local government elector, 
 or as a local government elector who is not entitled to 
 vote for all local government elections, and where the 
 claimant claims in respect of a non -residential qualification 
 a declaration of residence or, in case such person has no 
 settled residence, an address to which communications may 
 be sent. A note shall also be added to the form warning 
 the claimant that any false declaration for the purpose 
 of this provision will involve a penalty. 
 
 Where a claim is made on behalf of a claimant by 
 another person, the registration officer shall not enter the 
 name of the claimant on the register, unless the matters 
 required to be stated in the declaration under the fore- 
 going provision are proved to his satisfaction. 
 
 11. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to Publication 
 publish (t) the lists of claimants, as respects the lists for claimants 
 the spring register not later than the twenty-fourth day 
 
 of February (w), and as respects the lists for the autumn 
 register not later than the twenty-fourth day of August (u) . 
 
 (r) As regards the first register under the Act, 1 7th July is sub- 
 stituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
 (s) For forms (1 to 9), see pp. 562569, infra. 
 
 (t] See rule 31, pp. 350351, infra. As to the period during 
 which, in connection with the first register, the lists of claimants 
 must be kept published, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, 
 rule 1, p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. 
 
 (u} As regards the first register under the Act, 25th July is sub- 
 stituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
344 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Notice of 
 objections. 
 
 Notice to 
 persons 
 affected by 
 objection. 
 
 Publication 
 of objections 
 to lists. 
 
 Publication 
 of objections 
 to claims. 
 
 'Objections. 
 
 12. Any person whose name appears on the electors 
 lists for a constituency or local government electoral area 
 may object to the registration of any person whose name 
 is included in the electors lists for the constituency or the 
 local government electoral area, as the case may be, by 
 sending notice of objection in the prescribed form (u) to 
 the registration officer not later than the fifteenth day of 
 February (x) in the case of the spring register and the 
 fifteenth day of August (a?) in the case of the autumn 
 register, and may object to the registration of any person 
 whose name is included in the list of claimants by 
 sending (y] notice of objection in the prescribed form (?) 
 to the registration officer not later than the seventh day of 
 March (2) in the case of the spring register and the fourth 
 day of September (2) in the case of the autumn register. 
 
 13. The registration officer shall, as soon as practicable 
 after receiving any notice of objection, send (y) a copy of 
 the notice to the person in respect of whose registration 
 the notice of objection is given. 
 
 14. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to 
 publish (a) a list of the names of persons to whose registra- 
 tion notice of objection has been given not later than the 
 twenty-first day of February (?;) in the case of the spring 
 register and not later than the twenty-first day of 
 August (&) in the case of the autumn register. 
 
 15. It shall be the duty of the registration officer to 
 publish (a) a list of the names of persons included in the list 
 
 (tt) For form, pee p. 570, infra. 
 
 (x) As regards the first register under the Act, 10th July has 
 been substituted for this date. See pp. 128129, supra. 
 
 (y] See rule 34, pp. 351- 352, infra. 
 
 (z) As regards the first register under the Act, 31st July has 
 been substituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
 (a] See rule 31, pp. 350351, infra. As to the period during 
 which, in connection with the first register, the list of names must 
 be kept published, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, 
 p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. 
 
 (I)} As regards the first register under the Act, 19th July has been 
 substituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION RULES. 345 
 
 of claimants to whose registration notice of objection has 
 been given as soon as practicable after the seventh day 
 of March (c) in the case of the spring register and the 
 fourth day of September (<?) in the case of the autumn 
 register. 
 
 Absent Voters List. 
 
 16. Any person entitled to be registered as a parlia- Absent 
 inentary elector (d) may, not later than the eighteenth day voter ^ llst - 
 of February (e) where the claim is for the spring register, 
 
 and the eighteenth day of August (e) where the claim is 
 for the autumn register, claim (/) to be placed on the absent 
 voters list (#); and the registration officer, if satisfied that 
 there is a probability that the claimant, by reason of the 
 nature of his occupation, service, or employment, may be 
 debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections 
 held during the time the register is in force, shall place 
 the claimant (if registered) on the absent voters list. 
 
 17. It shall be the duty of the registration officer, Obligation to 
 without any claim being made for the purpose, to place aMmmtar 
 
 on the absent voters list (g) any naval or military voter (/&), voter on 
 i absent voters 
 
 unless list without 
 
 (a) that person, not later than the eighteenth day of claim - 
 February (i) as respects the spring register, and 
 the eighteenth day of August () as respects the 
 
 (c) As regards the first register under the Act, 31st July has 
 been, substituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
 (d) See sect. 1, pp. 1 3, and sect. 4 (1), pp. 6364, supra. 
 
 (e) As regards the first register under the Act, 31st July has been 
 substituted for this date. See pp. 128 129, supra. 
 
 (/) For form of claim, see p. 575, infra. As to the course to be 
 adopted by the registration officer when he receives a naval or 
 military voter's statement too late to include his name in the 
 electors lists, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1818, rule 7, 
 p. 749, infra. 
 
 (g] For order of names in and form of absent voters list, see 
 Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 3, p. 748, and Third 
 Schedule, p. 751, infra. See also ibid., rule 9, p. 749, infra. 
 
 (h) See sect. 5, pp. 76 79, supra. 
 
 () As regards the first register under the Act, 17th August has 
 been substituted for this date. See Order in Council of June 4th, 
 1918, rule 6, p. 749, infra, and Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, L918. 
 
 Information 
 to registra- 
 tion officers 
 by depart- 
 ments. * 
 
 Record of 
 addresses to 
 be kept. 
 
 autumn register, gives notice (m) to the registra- 
 tion officer that he does not desire to be placed 
 upon that list; or 
 
 (b) that person is registered, in pursuance of a claim (w) 
 for the purpose, for the constituency in which 
 he has an actual residence qualification. 
 
 18. The Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Air 
 Council, either directly or through officers appointed by 
 them, shall in the prescribed manner furnish to the regis- 
 tration officers in the several constituencies such informa- 
 tion (0) as to the names and .addresses of Naval and Mili- 
 tary voters and such other particulars as may be necessary 
 for the purpose of their registration arid of their voting as 
 such, and it shall be the duty of the Local Government 
 Board to render any assistance that may be required by 
 the Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Air Council 
 in conveying such information to the registration officers : 
 
 Provided that the Admiralty, Army Council, and Air 
 Council shall not be required to supply any particulars 
 which in their declared opinion would interfere with the 
 proper conduct of the war. 
 
 19. The registration officer shall keep a record of any 
 address which may be furnished to him by any person 
 placed on the absent voter's list, or by the Admiralty, 
 Army Council, Air Council or Board of Trade, as the 
 address which is to be for the time being the address 
 of the voter for the purpose of the provisions relating to 
 voting by absent voters (p) and, as soon as practicable, 
 shall cause instructions to be sent to the voter as to the 
 mode of voting under those provisions. 
 
 The record of addresses shall be open to inspection 
 under the same conditions (q) that govern the register. 
 
 (m) No form of notice is prescribed. 
 
 (//) For form of claim, see p. 569, infra. 
 
 (o) As to the course to l>e adopted by the registration officer when 
 he receives the information too late to* include the naval or military 
 voter in the electors lists, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918. 
 rule 7, p. 749, infra. 
 
 (p) See sect, 23, pp. 173170. siyira. 
 
 (</) See rule 27, p. 349, infra. 
 
KEG1STKAT1ON KULE*. 347 
 
 Preparation of the Register from the Lists. 
 
 20. The registration officer shall, as soon as practi- 
 cable, consider all objections of which notice has been 
 given to him in accordance with these rules (r), and for that 
 purpose shall give at least five clear days' notice to the 
 objector and to the person in respect of whose registra- 
 tion the notice of objection has been given, of the time 
 and place at which the objection will be considered by him. 
 
 21. The registration officer shall also consider all Considera- 
 claims of which notice is given to him in accordance with 
 
 these rules (s), and in respect of which no notice of objec- 
 tion is given, and, if he considers that the claim may be 
 allowed without further inquiry, shall give notice () to 
 the claimant that his claim is allowed. 
 
 If the registration officer is not satisfied that any such 
 claim can be allowed without inquiry, he shall give at 
 least five clear days' notice (t) to the claimant of the time 
 and place at which the claim will be considered by him. 
 
 22. If on the consideration of any claim or objection Supplemen- 
 it appears to the registration officer that the claimant, or ^2^^^ 
 person in respect of whose name objection is taken, is of claims and 
 not entitled to be entered on the register in the character jet 
 
 in which he claims to be registered, or in which he is 
 entered on the list, but is entitled to be entered on the 
 register in another character or in another place on the 
 register, the registration officer may decide that the name 
 of that person shall be so entered on the register. 
 
 23 . The registration officer shall make such additions Correction of 
 and corrections in the electors lists (including the absent llsts> 
 voters list) as are required in order to carry out his 
 decisions on any objection or claims, and shall also make 
 
 any such corrections in those lists by way of the removal 
 of duplicate entries (subject to any expression of choice 
 by the person affected as to those entries), the expunging 
 
 r) See rules 12 15, pp. 344 345, supru. 
 s) See rules 911, pp. 342343, supra. 
 t) See rule 34, pp. 351352, infra. 
 
348 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Voting iu 
 different 
 polling 
 districts. 
 
 Objections to 
 correction*. 
 
 of the names of persons who are dead or subject to any legal 
 incapacity (g), or the placing of marks (r) or the correction 
 of marks placed against the name of an elector, or other- 
 wise as he thinks necessary in order to secure that no 
 person is registered as a parliamentary elector in respect 
 of more than one qualification in the same constituency, or 
 as a local government elector in respect of more than one 
 qualification 
 
 (a) in the same borough for the purpose of borough 
 
 council elections; or 
 
 (b) in the same electoral division or ward for the pur- 
 
 pose of county council, metropolitan borough 
 council, and urban district council elections; or 
 
 (c) in the same parish or ward of a parish for the 
 
 purpose of rural district council, guardians, or 
 
 parish elections; 
 
 and otherwise to make those lists complete and accurate 
 as a register. 
 
 24. Any person whose name shall appear in the list 
 of parliamentary voters of any registration unit in any 
 county constituency or district of boroughs, and who 
 resides outside the polling district (s) in which he is 
 entitled to be registered, shall be at liberty to make his 
 claim (t) before the registration officer to vote at any other 
 polling place within the same constituency (u). 
 
 Any such person shall be admitted to vote at such 
 polling place accordingly. 
 
 25 . Where the registration officer makes any correction 
 in the lists (including the absent voters list) otherwise 
 than in pursuance of a claim or objection, or for the pur- 
 poses of correcting a clerical error, he shall give notice (x) 
 to the person affected by the correction, and give that person 
 
 ((/) See pp. 47, 42, 6768, 74, 75 and 82, supra, 
 (r) See rule 2, pp. 339340, supra. 
 [si\ See sect. 31, pp. 220222, supra. 
 
 (t} As to the time for making this claim and for form, see Order 
 in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 5, p. 748, infra. 
 (n) See ibid., rule 4, p. 748, infra. 
 (r) See rulo 34, pp. 351352, Vn/w. 
 

 REGISTRATION RULES. 
 
 an opportunity of objecting to the correction, and, if 
 necessary, of being heard with respect thereto. 
 
 26 . The registration officer shall make' all the necessary Formation of 
 corrections of the lists (including the absent voters list) 
 
 and do everything necessary to form those lists into a 
 register (with a separate letter and a separate series of 
 numbers for each polling district (t/)) in time to allow the 
 publication of the lists so corrected as a register as required 
 by these rules (z) . 
 
 Duty to publish and deliver Copies of the Register. 
 
 27 . It shall be the duty of the registration officer to Publication of 
 publish the spring register not later than the fifteenth day 
 
 of April (#), and the autumn register not later than the 
 fifteenth day of October (a) in each year, fay publishing (>) 
 a notice that a copy of the register is open to inspection at 
 his office, and that copies of the part of the register 
 relating to any registration unit are open to inspection 
 during business hours in the registration unit at the place 
 mentioned in the notice. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the registration officer to keep 
 copies of the register for inspection in his office, and also 
 to arrange for copies of the part of the register relating 
 to any registration unit being kept for inspection in that 
 unit either in the principal post office (if the Postmaster 
 General gives authority for the purpose) or at some other 
 convenient place to which the public have access to be 
 arranged by him. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the registration officer to transmit, 
 a copy of the register, as soon as may be after it is pub- 
 lished, to the Local Government Board. 
 
 (y] See Form of Begister, p. 577, infra. 
 (z) See rules 68, pp. 341342, supra. 
 
 (a) As regards tlie first register under the Act, 1st October is 
 substituted for this date. See pp. 128129, supra. 
 
 (b) See rule 31, pp. 350 351, infra. As to the period during 
 which the first register is to be kept published, see Order in Council 
 of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, and First Schedule, p. 750, 
 infra. 
 
350 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Delivery of 
 copies of the 
 register. 
 
 28. It shall be the duty of the registration officer, on the 
 application of any person during business hours and on 
 payment of the prescribed fee (c), to furnish copies to the 
 applicant of the register or of so much of the register as 
 relates to any registration unit. 
 
 Notice of 
 appeal from 
 registration 
 officer. 
 
 Appeals 
 relating to 
 the same 
 point. 
 
 Publication 
 documents. 
 
 Appeals from Registration Officer. 
 
 29. A person desiring to appeal against the decision 
 of a registration officer must give notice of appeal in the 
 prescribed form (d) to the registration officer and to the 
 opposite party, if any, when the decision is given or within 
 five days thereafter, specifying the grounds of appeal. 
 
 The registration officer shall forward any such notices 
 to the county court in manner directed by rules of court (e) 
 together, in each case, with a statement of the material 
 facts which, in his opinion, have been established in the 
 case, and of his decision upon the whole case and on any 
 point which may be specified as a ground of appeal, and 
 shall also furnish to the court any further information 
 which the court may require and which he is able to 
 furnish . 
 
 30. Where it appears to the registration officer that 
 any notices of appeal given to him are based on similar 
 grounds, he shall inform (e) the county court of the fact 
 for the purpose of enabling the county court (if the court 
 thinks fit) to consolidate the appeals, or select a case as a 
 test case. 
 
 General. 
 
 f 31. Where the registration officer by these rules is 
 required to publish any document, and no specific pro- 
 vision is made as to the mode of publication, he shall 
 publish the document by making copies of the document 
 
 (c) For the amount of this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 
 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. 
 
 (d) For forms, see p. 575 576, infra. 
 (c) See p. 639, infra. 
 
REGISTRATION RULES. 301 
 
 available for inspection by the public in his office, and in 
 the chief post office (if the Postmaster General gives 
 authority for the purpose), or some other convenient place 
 in the area forming the registration unit to which the 
 document relates and, if he thinks fit, in any other manner 
 which is, in his opinion, desirable for the purpose of 
 bringing the contents of the document to the notice of those 
 interested. 
 
 Any document required to be published shall be kept 
 published for the prescribed time(/). 
 
 Any failure to publish a document in accordance with 
 these rules shall not invalidate the document, but this 
 provision shall not relieve the registration officer from any 
 penalty (g) for such a failure. 
 
 If any person without lawful authority destroys, muti- 
 lates, defaces or removes any notice published by the regis- 
 tration officer in connection with his registration duties, or 
 any copies of a document which have been made available 
 for inspection in pursuance of these rules, he shall be 
 liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five 
 pounds. 
 
 32. The registration officer shall, without fee, on the Dutj of regie- 
 application of any person, supply forms of claims and to supply 
 notices of objections. forms. 
 
 33. The registration officer shall, on the application of Supply of 
 any person, allow that person to inspect, and take extracts claims, ob- 
 from, or on payment of the prescribed fee (h), supply to that J ectlon8 > &c - 
 person copies of, the electors lists for any registration unit 
 
 in his area and any claim or notice of objection made 
 under these rules. 
 
 34. Any claim or notice of objection which is under Mode of 
 these rules to be sent to the registration officer may be notices* &c. 
 sent to him by post addressed to him at his office. 
 
 (/) See Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 1, p. 748, infra, 
 and First Schedule, p. 750, infra. 
 
 (g) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra. 
 
 (h) For the amount of this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 
 1918, rule 2, p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. 
 
852 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Information 
 from house- 
 holders. 
 
 Access to 
 
 national 
 
 register. 
 
 Declaration 
 as to age and 
 nationality. 
 
 Any notice which is required to be sent by the regis- 
 tration officer under these rules to any person shall be 
 sufficiently sent if sent by post to the address of that 
 person as given by him for the purpose, or as appealing 
 on the lists, or if there is no such address, to his last known 
 place of abode . 
 
 35. The registration officer may require any house- 
 holder or any person owning or occupying any land or 
 premises within his area, or the agent or factor of such 
 person, to give, in the prescribed form ($), any information 
 in his possession which the registration officer may require 
 for the purpose of his duties as registration officer; and if 
 any person fails to give the required information, or gives 
 false information, he shall be liable, on summary con- 
 viction, to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds. Any 
 notice requiring information under this rule may be sent 
 by post. 
 
 36. The registration officer shall, subject to such direc- 
 tions (&) as the Local Government Board may give, have 
 access to the national register compiled under the National 
 Registration Act, 1915. 
 
 37. The registration officer, before registering any 
 person as an elector, may, if he thinks it necessary 
 
 (a) require that person either to produce a certificate 
 
 of birth or, if that is not practicable or con- 
 venient, to make a statutory declaration that 
 such person has attained the required age, and 
 
 (b) require that person to produce a certificate of 
 
 naturalisation or to make a statutory declaration 
 
 that he is a British subject. 
 
 Where a declaration is so required, any fee payable in 
 connection therewith shall be paid by the registration 
 officer as part of his registration expenses (?), and the 
 declaration shall be exempt from stamp duty. 
 
 (t) For forms (1 to 6), see pp. 556 561, infra. 
 
 (k] See p. 580, infra. 
 
 (/) See sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION RULES. 35 
 
 The registration officer shall during business hours 
 allow any person to inspect and take a copy of any such 
 declaration . 
 
 38. Where for the purpose of the provisions of this p werto 
 Act any person requires a certificate of birth, that person JjJjJjjJJ^J^ f 
 shall on presenting a written requisition in the prescribed birth at 
 form (m) and containing the prescribed particulars, and on r 
 payment of a fee of sixpence, be entitled to obtain a certi- 
 fied copy of any entry of the birth of that person in the 
 
 birth register under the hand of the registrar or the super- 
 intendent registrar having the custody thereof, and form,- 
 of requisition for the purpose shall on application b 
 supplied without charge by every registrar of births and 
 deaths and by every superintendent registrar. 
 
 39. On the consideration of any claim or objection oj Hearing of 
 other matter by the registration officer, any person ap- oty^tkms. 
 pearing to the registration officer to be interested may 
 
 appear and be heard either in person or by any other 
 person, other than counsel, on his behalf. 
 
 40 . The registration officer may at the request of any Power to 
 person interested, or if he thinks fit without such request, 
 
 on the consideration of any claim or objection or other oath, 
 matter require that the evidence tendered by any person 
 should be given on oath and may administer an oath for 
 the purpose. 
 
 41 . No misnomer or inaccurate description of any Provisions as 
 person or place on any list or on the register or in any or^^uTate 
 notice shall prejudice the operation of this Act or these description, 
 rules as respects that person or place, provided that the 
 
 person or place is so designated as to be commonly under- 
 stood. 
 
 42. In reckoning time for the purpose of these rules. Reckoning of 
 Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and any bank tlme> 
 holiday or day set apart as a public holiday, or day of 
 
 (m) See p. 576, infra. 
 F. 23 
 
354 REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 public fast, or public thanksgiving shall be excluded; and 
 where anything is required by these rules to be done on 
 any day falls to be done on any such day, that thing 
 may be done on the next day not being one of any such 
 days . 
 
 Application of Rules to Scotland and Ireland. 
 Application 43. These rules shall apply to Scotland subject to the 
 
 to Scotland. ... . >,, i 
 
 following modifications, namely: 
 
 The Secretary for Scotland shall be substituted for the 
 Local Government Board: 
 
 The provision for the transmission of a copy of the 
 register to the Local Government Board shall not 
 apply: 
 
 Rule 2 shall apply as if after the words " in separate 
 divisions" there were inserted the words "or other- 
 wise to distinguish:" 
 
 For the reference to section twenty-four of the Munici- 
 pal Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Act, 
 1884, there shall be substituted a reference to section 
 twenty-nine of the Elections (Scotland) (Corrupt 
 and Illegal Practices) Act, 1890. 
 
 44. These rules shall apply to Ireland subject to the 
 following modifications, namely: 
 
 (1) References to the Local Government Board shall 
 
 be construed as references to the Local Govern- 
 ment Board for Ireland. 
 
 (2) The district electoral division as constituted under 
 
 the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, shall 
 be the registration unit; but 
 
 (a) where a district electoral division is 
 divided into wards, each such ward shall be 
 treated as a separate registration unit; and 
 
 (b) where a district electoral division is 
 situate partly in one parliamentary polling 
 district, partly in another, or partly within and 
 
REGISTRATION RULES (IRELAND). 366 
 
 partly without any town (within the meaning 
 of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898), 
 or ward of a borough or town, each part shall 
 be treated as a separate registration unit; 
 
 and references to parishes or parts of parishes 
 
 shall not apply. 
 
 (3) References to the autumn register shall be construed 
 
 as references to the yearly register, and refer- 
 ences to the spring register shall not apply. 
 
 (4) The expression " overseers " includes town clerks, 
 
 secretaries of county councils, clerks of urban 
 district councils, existing clerks of the union 
 within the meaning of the Local Government 
 (Ireland) Act, 1898, and collectors of poor rate. 
 
 (5) The power of the registration officer in certain cases 
 
 to require the overseers to perform duties in con- 
 nection with registration under this Act shall be 
 construed in all cases as an obligation upon him 
 to require each person holding the office of over- 
 seer to perform duties analogous to the duties 
 which, but for the passing of this Act, would 
 have been performed by that person by virtue 
 of his office under the enactments relative to 
 registration in force at the commencement of this 
 Act, and it shall be the duty of every such person 
 to comply with those requirements. 
 
 In order to give full effect to the foregoing 
 provision the clerk of the crown and peace for 
 a county borough shall, as respects any parlia- 
 mentary borough for which he is registration 
 officer, appoint the town clerk of the county 
 borough to act as his deputy for the purposes 
 of Eules 9 to 15 and for the purpose of pub- 
 lishing the lists and notices to be published under 
 Rules 6 and 8 of this Schedule if the town clerk 
 so desires, and any town clerk so appointed shall, 
 23 (2) 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 for the purposes aforesaid, have the like powers 
 and duties and be subject to the like liabilities 
 as if he were registration officer. 
 
 Any question which may arise as to what 
 duties are analogous duties within the meaning 
 of the provision aforesaid shall be determined by 
 the Local Government Board, whose determina- 
 tion shall be final. 
 
 (6) The overseers shall be entitled to payment for ser- 
 
 vices performed and expenses incurred by them 
 in the execution of any duties under these rules. 
 The payments shall be made at such times as 
 may be fixed by order of the Local Government 
 Board for Ireland under this Schedule, and any 
 sum payable to an overseer under this provision 
 shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as 
 part of the registration expenses of the regis- 
 tration officer on whose requisition the services 
 were performed or the expenses were incurred. 
 
 This provision shall apply to any superin- 
 tendent registrar of births and deaths or clerk 
 of the union who is not an existing clerk of 
 the union, so far as respects lists or informa- 
 tion supplied by him on the requisition of the 
 registration officer in connection with deaths in 
 like manner as it applies to overseers. 
 
 (7) Th reference to the authority whose officer the 
 
 registration officer is, or by whom he is ap- 
 pointed, shall be construed as a reference to the 
 .county borough council in the case of registration 
 units in a county borough, and as a reference to 
 the county council in the case of registration 
 units in an administrative county, and the regis- 
 ter for any registration unit in an administrative 
 county shall be arranged alphabetically in town- 
 land order if the county council consider that 
 such arrangement is more convenient than 
 
SECOND SCHEDULE. 357 
 
 arrangement in alphabetical order of names or 
 in street order. 
 
 (8) Rule 2 of this Schedule shall be construed as if the 
 
 words " or otherwise to distinguish " were in- 
 serted after the words " in separate divisions," 
 and as if the direction as to placing marks 
 against the names of local government electors 
 were omitted. 
 
 (9) For the direction to the registration officer in 
 
 Eule 23 of this schedule to secure that no person 
 is registered as a local government elector in 
 respect of more than one qualification in the areas 
 and for the purposes therein specified, there shall 
 be substituted a direction to secure that no person 
 is registered as a local government elector in 
 respect of more than one qualification in the same 
 district electoral division or ward. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. Section 21 (i)'. 
 
 PART I. (). 
 
 MODIFICATIONS OF THE BALLOT ACT, 1872 ( FIRST 
 SCHEDULE). 
 
 The following provisions shall be inserted in the First 
 Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872, after Rules "2 and 14 
 respectively (o), that is to say: 
 
 " 2A. In an election of members to serve in a new Par- 
 liament of the United Kingdom the day fixed 
 by the returning officer for the election shall in 
 all cases be the eighth day after the date of His 
 Majesty's gracious Proclamation declaring the 
 calling of the Parliament." 
 
 (n) See sect. 21 (1), set out on p. 161, supra. 
 
 (o) For Eules 2 and 14, see pp. 682683 and 685 respectively. 
 
358 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 "14A. In an election of members to serve in a new 
 Parliament of the United Kingdom, the day 
 appointed by the returning officer for the poll 
 shall in all cases be the ninth day after the day 
 fixed for the election." 
 
 Section 22 (2). PART II. (p) . 
 
 Questions. 
 
 1 . In the case of a man voting in respect of a residence 
 qualification 
 
 Have you already voted at this general election in 
 respect of a residence qualification? 
 
 2. In the case of a man voting in respect of a qualifica- 
 tion other than a residence qualification- 
 Have you already voted at this general election in 
 
 respect of a qualification other than a residence 
 qualification ? 
 
 3. In the case of a woman voting at an election other 
 than a university election 
 
 Have you already voted at this general election? 
 
 [NOTE. Unless the answer to the question is in 
 the negative the woman shall not vote unless she 
 satisfies the presiding officer that her previous vote 
 was given at a university election.] 
 
 Declarations at University Election (q) . 
 (Applicable only at a General Election.) 
 
 (In the case of a man) " I have not voted at this 
 general election in respect of any qualification other than 
 a residence qualification." 
 
 (In the case of a woman) " I have not voted at this 
 general election for any other university constituency." 
 
 (p) See sect. 22 (2), set out on p. 165, supra, and see also 
 pp. 167 172, $upra. 
 (q) See p. 172, supra. 
 
VOTING BY PROXY. 
 
 THIRD SCHEDULE. Section 23 
 
 PROVISIONS AS TO VOTING BY PROXY (r) . 
 
 1 . A proxy must be appointed by means of a proxy 
 paper issued to the elector, or to some person on behalf of 
 the elector, or to the person appointed as proxy, by the 
 registration officer of the constituency in which the elector 
 is registered, on an application made or authorised by the 
 elector in accordance with regulations (s) under this Act. 
 
 2. After a proxy paper for any constituency has been 
 issued in accordance with this Act, the elector shall, unless 
 the proxy paper is cancelled in accordance with this Act, 
 
 (a) be entitled to vote by proxy in that constituency; 
 
 and 
 
 (b) be prohibited from voting otherwise than by proxy 
 
 in that constituency; 
 
 until the time for which the proxy paper is in force has 
 expired. 
 
 3 . It shall be the duty of the registration officer, on any 
 application for a proxy paper, to issue a proxy paper to 
 the applicant, or to some person on his behalf, or to the 
 person appointed as proxy, if he is satisfied that the appli- 
 cant is registered on the parliamentary register of electors 
 for the constituency in respect of which the application 
 is made, and is, at the time of the application, entitled 
 to appoint a proxy (t). 
 
 4. A proxy paper shall remain in force only so long 
 as the parliamentary register of electors which is in force 
 at the time the proxy paper ie issued remains in force (u) : 
 
 Provided that a proxy paper issued during the con- 
 tinuance of the present war, or a period of twelve months 
 thereafter, shall remain in force until the termination of 
 
 (r) See sect. 23 (4) (d), set out on p. 176, supra, 
 (s] For these regulations, see the Proxy Paper Order, 1918, 
 p. 754 et seq. 
 
 (0 See sect. 23 (4), pp. 174-?- 176, supra. 
 (M) See sect. 11, set out on p. 125, supra. 
 
360 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 that period, so long as the elector continues to be regis- 
 tered and the proxy paper is not cancelled. 
 
 5 . A person shall not be appointed as proxy under this 
 Act, unless the person appointed is the wife, husband, 
 parent, brother, or sister of the elector, or is registered 
 as a parliamentary elector for the constituency or one of 
 the constituencies in which the elector is registered: 
 
 Provided that the brother or sister shall not be capable 
 of being appointed proxy unless of full age (w). 
 
 6. An elector shall not appoint more than one person 
 as proxy to vote on his behalf in the same constituency, 
 and in any case not more than two persons (x). 
 
 7 . A person shall not vote as proxy on behalf of more 
 than two absent voters at an election in any constituency, 
 unless that person is voting as the husband or wife, or 
 the parent, brother, or sister of the absent voter. 
 
 8. A registration officer shall keep a list of absent 
 voters (y) entitled to vote by proxy in any constituency 
 within his. area, and of the persons entitled to vote as 
 proxies, and that list shall be open to inspection during 
 business hours at some convenient place named by the 
 registration officer in the constituency. 
 
 A registration officer shall, on the application of any 
 person, allow that person to take extracts from, or, on pay- 
 ment of the prescribed fee (z), supply to that person copies 
 of the list. 
 
 9. The Ballot Act, 1872 (a), and any other Act regu- 
 lating the holding of parliamentary elections (&), including 
 
 () See p. 4, supra. 
 
 (x) See sect. 8 (1), set out on pp. 100101, supra, 
 (y) See First Schedule, Rules 16, 17, pp. 345346, supra. 
 (z) For this fee, see Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, rule 2, 
 p. 748, and Second Schedule, p. 751, infra. 
 
 (a) See p. 672 tt seq. 
 
 (b) This would include the Corrupt and Illegal Practices (Preven- 
 tion) Acts, 1883 and 1895, and the present Act. 
 
VOTING BY PROXY. 
 
 any provisions imposing penalties (c) in connection with 
 voting at those elections, shall apply to persons voting 
 as proxies in pursuance of this Act as they apply to voters, 
 however described in those Acts, with such modifications 
 as may be prescribed (d) for the purpose of adapting the 
 provisions of those Acts to voting by proxy; and any pro- 
 visions of those Acts imposing penalties for offences in 
 connection with ballot papers or the official mark on a 
 ballot paper may be applied by the regulations (e) to proxy 
 papers and any official mark on a proxy paper. 
 10. If any person 
 
 (a) who is for the time being entitled to vote by 
 
 proxy (/) in a constituency under this Act, 
 himself votes or attempts to vote at any parlia- 
 mentary election in that constituency other- 
 wise than by means of the proxy paper, while 
 the proxy paper is in force; or 
 
 (b) votes or attempts to vote as proxy on behalf of 
 
 more than two absent voters at an election 
 in any constituency unless: that person is voting 
 as the husband or wife, or the parent, brother, 
 or sister of the absent voter; or 
 
 (c) votes or attempts to vote at any election under 
 
 the authority of a proxy paper when he knows 
 or has reasonable grounds for supposing that 
 the proxy paper has been cancelled, or that 
 the elector to whom or on whose behalf the 
 proxy paper has been issued is dead or no 
 longer entitled to vote at that election ; 
 that person shall be guilty of an illegal practice (g) within 
 
 (c) See pp. 285286, 287292, heading (3) on pp. 294295, and 
 heading (12) on p. 298, supra. 
 
 (d) Up to the time of going to press no such modifications have 
 been prescribed. 
 
 (e) These regulations have not at the time of going to press been 
 made. 
 
 (/) See sect. 23 (4), set out on pp. 174176, supra, 
 (g) See p. 299, supra. 
 
362 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 the meaning of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Preven- 
 tion Act, 1883, and the expression " illegal practice " shall 
 be construed accordingly: Provided that the court before 
 whom a person is convicted under this provision may, if 
 they think it just in the special circumstances of the case, 
 mitigate or entirely remit any incapacity imposed by 
 section ten of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention 
 Act, 1883 (A). 
 
 11. A ballot paper shall not be delivered to a person 
 who claims to vote as proxy for the purpose of so voting 
 unless he produces the proxy paper to the presiding officer 
 at the polling station, and such questions may be asked of 
 any person at a parliamentary election who claims to vote 
 as proxy for any elector (in addition to those already 
 authorised to be asked ()) as may be prescribed (fc). 
 
 12. Stamp duty shall not be chargeable on any proxy 
 paper under this Act. 
 
 13. A proxy paper may be cancelled by an elector by 
 giving notice to the registration officer in the prescribed 
 form (Z). 
 
 14. A notice cancelling a proxy paper shall not take 
 effect as respects any election unless it is received by the 
 registration officer before the day of nomination (ra) . 
 
 15 . In the application of this schedule to Scotland the 
 expression " the registration officer of the constituency in 
 which the elector is registered " means " the registration 
 officer of the registration area in which the elector is 
 registered." 
 
 (/) See p. 299, supra, 
 (i) See pp. 167 172, supra. 
 
 (k) At the time of going to press these questions have not been 
 prescribed. 
 
 (1} For this form, see p. 757, infra. 
 (m) See pp. 179180, supra. 
 
MAXIMUM SCALE OF ELECTION EXPENSES. 
 
 FOURTH SCHEDULE. Se<!tiou S3 (l) . 
 
 PROVISIONS TO BE SUBSTITUTED FOR PART IV. OF THE 
 FIRST SCHEDULE TO 46 & 47 VICT. c. 51, AND 
 
 FOR PARAGRAPH (3) OF PART V. OF THE SAME* 
 
 SCHEDULE (n) . 
 
 Maximum Scale. 
 
 The expenses mentioned above in Parts I., II., and 
 III. of this schedule, other than personal expenses and the 
 fee, if any, paid to the election agent (not exceeding in 
 the case of a county election seventy-five pounds and of a 
 borough election fifty pounds, without reckoning for the 
 purposes of that limit any jpart of the fee which may have 
 been included in the expenses first above mentioned) shall 
 not exceed an amount equal 
 
 in the case of a county election to sevenpence for each 
 
 elector on the register; 
 in the case of an election for a borough to fivepence for 
 
 each elector on the register. 
 
 Where there are two or more joint candidates at an 
 election, the maximum amount of expenses mentioned in 
 Parts III. and IV. of this schedule shall, for each of the 
 joint candidates, be. the amount produced by multiplying 
 a single candidate's maximum by one-and-a-half and 
 dividing the result by the number of joint candidates. 
 
 (n) See sect. 33 (1). set out on p. 223, sapra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Section 36(1). FIFTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 PART I. PROVISIONS AS TO UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS OTHER 
 THAN SCOTTISH UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (o) . 
 
 E&twning Officer. 
 I . The returning officer shall be 
 
 (a) in the case of the Oxford, Cambridge, and London 
 
 University constituencies respectively the Vioe- 
 Chancellor of the university; 
 
 (b) in the case of the Dublin University Constitu- 
 
 ency, the Provost of Trinity College; 
 
 (c) in the case of the combined English university 
 
 constituency, the Vice-Chancellor, Principal, 
 or Corresponding Officer of such university, 
 being one of the combined universities as may 
 be from time to time appointed by the Board 
 of Education for that purpose; and 
 
 (d) in the case of the constituency of the University 
 
 of Wales, the Vice-Chancellor of the uni- 
 
 versity; 
 
 and the writ for any election of a member or members for 
 Parliament for a university constituency shall be directed 
 to the returning officer of that constituency . 
 
 2. It shall be the duty of the returning officer to make 
 all arrangements for the election, including arrangements 
 for the nomination of candidates (p), and the poll (q) and 
 counting of votes (r), and to certify the result of the elec- 
 tion in pursuance of the writ. 
 
 (o) See sect. 36 (1), set out on p. 279, supra. 
 (p) See clauses 3 to 8, pp. 365366, infra. 
 (9) See clauses 9 to 18, pp. 366368, infra. 
 (r) See clauses 19 to 22, 24, pp. 368369, infra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS. 
 
 Nomination. 
 
 3 . The nomination shall take place on such day and at 
 such time and place as may be fixed by the returning 
 officer, being not less than four days and not more than 
 twelve days after the receipt of the writ, and the returning 
 officer shall give public notice (t) of the day, time, and 
 place so fixed within two days after he receives the writ. 
 
 4. The candidate must be nominated in writing by 
 two electors as proposer and seconder and by eight other 
 electors as assenting to the nomination, and his nomination 
 must be delivered to the returning officer by some elector. 
 
 5. If, at the expiration of the time fixed for nomina- 
 tion, no more candidates are nominated than there are 
 vacancies to be filled up, the returning officer shall declare 
 the candidates who stand nominated to be elected and 
 certify the result of the election accordingly. 
 
 6. If, at the expiration of the time fixed for nomina- 
 tion, more candidates stand nominated than there are 
 vacancies to be filled up, the returning officer shall arrange 
 for a poll to be taken . 
 
 7. A candidate may be withdrawn in manner provided 
 by regulations (u) made under this Act, and if, owing to 
 the withdrawal of a candidate after nomination, a poll 
 becomes unnecessary, the returning officer shall counter- 
 mand the poll and declare any candidate elected whose 
 nomination remains standing. 
 
 8. If one of the candidates nominated dies after he has 
 been nominated and before the commencement of the poll, 
 the returning officer shall countermand the poll and other 
 proceedings for the election and commence the same again 
 as if the writ had been received by him on the day on 
 which he is satisfied of the fact that the death took place. 
 
 No fresh nomination shall be required in the case of a 
 
 (5) See clause 31, p. 371, infra. 
 
 (t} These regulations have not up to the time of going to press 
 been made. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 candidate who stood nominated at the time the poll was 
 countermanded. 
 
 Poll. 
 
 9. The poll shall remain open for five days, and shall 
 take place on such days as may be fixed by the returning 
 officer commencing not more than twelve and not less than 
 three clear days after the day of nomination. 
 
 10. The returning officer shall appoint such polling 
 places as appear to him to allow reasonable facilities for 
 voting, and may give special directions that certain electors 
 shall be allotted to certain polling places. 
 
 11. An elector may vote at a poll by the delivery of 
 a voting paper (signed by the voter at any time subsequent 
 to the nomination) in the form (v) appended to this part of 
 this schedule or in a form to the same effect and accom- 
 panied with a like declaration, or, unless the returning 
 officer directs to the contrary, in person, and may so vote 
 at any polling place if he has not been allotted to any 
 polling place, or, if he has been so allotted, at any polling 
 place to which he has been so allotted. 
 
 The returning officer may give a special direction that 
 votes shall not be given in person at the election, or that 
 votes may be given in person on certain days of the poll 
 only. 
 
 12. A voting paper may be delivered at a polling place 
 on behalf of the voter by an elector, or by being sent to the 
 presiding officer (#) at the polling place by post, and any 
 voting paper received by a presiding officer at a polling 
 place at which the elector may vote before the close of the 
 poll shall be counted, unless rejected as invalid (/). 
 
 Voting papers may also be sent to the returning officer 
 by post, and any voting papers so received by the return- 
 
 (t)} Seep. 372, infra. 
 
 (&) See clause 15, p. 367, infra. 
 
 (y) See pp. 182200, supra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS. 36*7 
 
 ing officer shall be sent by him to the proper presiding 
 officer. 
 
 13. The poll shall be open for such time between the 
 hours of 8 a.m. in the morning and 8 p.m. in the evening, 
 not being less than four hours, as the returning officer may 
 direct, except that, if votes in person are received, but are 
 not received on all the days of the poll, six hours shall be 
 substituted for four as respects the days on which votes are 
 so received as the minimum time under this provision. 
 
 14. The returning officer skall give public notice (z) of 
 the days and hours of poll and of the polling places ap- 
 pointed, and of any special directions given by him as to 
 the days or hours of poll, or the allotment of electors to 
 certain polling places, or as to voting in person. 
 
 15. The returning officer shall appoint a presiding 
 officer for every polling place at which he does not act 
 a,s a presiding officer himself and the presiding officer shall 
 have general control over the arrangements for voting at 
 the polling place and shall record the votes of electors 
 voting in person and receive voting papers. 
 
 16. Each candidate may appoint a person to be the 
 candidate's representative at each polling place, and a can- 
 didate's representative may object to any voting paper (a) 
 received at the polling place or to the vote of any person (&) 
 claiming to vote in person at that place, and the presiding 
 officer shall submit any such objection to the returning 
 officer for decision . 
 
 17. The returning officer shall decide on the validity of 
 any voting paper (a) to which objection is taken, or on the 
 right of any person to vote (&) in person, if that right is 
 questioned, and the decision of the returning officer, if 
 the voting paper or the right to vote is allowed, shall be 
 final, but, if the voting paper or the right to vote is dis- 
 
 (z) See clause 31, p. 371, infra. 
 (a) See pp. 182200, supra. 
 (&) See pp. 167 172, supra. 
 
368 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 allowed, shall be subject to reversal on any proceeding 
 questioning the election or return. 
 
 18. The register kept in pursuance of this Act shall 
 be conclusive as to the right of any person to vote at the 
 poll; but this provision shall not entitle any person to vote 
 if that person is subject to any legal incapacity (c). 
 
 A person shall not be entitled to be placed on the register 
 as a graduate until the university authorities are satisfied 
 that the grant of the degree is complete (d). 
 
 Counting of Votes. 
 
 19. After the poll is closed all voting papers received 
 at any polling place and a record of votes (if any) given 
 by electors in person shall be placed in a proper receptacle 
 and sealed up and delivered to the returning officer, and the 
 returning officer shall, as soon as practicable after the 
 receipt of the votes from all the polling places, count the 
 votes and publish (e) the result. 
 
 20. The voting papers counted, and the record of votes 
 (if any) given by electors in person, and any papers which 
 have been rejected as invalid (/) and a list of persons (if 
 any) who have tendered their votes in person but who have 
 not been allowed to vote (/), shall "be placed in separate 
 packets, and shall be kept by the returning officer for a 
 period of twelve months after the close of the poll. 
 
 21 . The returning officer shall give notice to the candi- 
 
 dates of the time and place for counting the votes, and 
 shall permit any candidate and a representative authorised 
 
 (c) See pp. 102107, supra. 
 
 (d) It is clear that this provision in the latter part of clause 1& 
 cannot render nugatory the right expressly given by sect. 4 (2) 
 (see p. 64, supra) to women who have been admitted to and passed 
 the final examination, but are not admitted by the university to a 
 degree. 
 
 (e) See clause 31, p. 371, infra. 
 (/) See clause 16, p. 367, supra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS. , 369 
 
 by the candidate for the purpose to be present at the 
 count. 
 
 No person other than the returning officer, his 
 assistants and clerks, and the candidates and representa- 
 tives so authorised shall be entitled to be present at the 
 count except with the sanction of the returning officer. 
 
 22. Where an equality of votes is found to exist between 
 any candidates on a final count and the addition of a vote 
 would entitle any of those candidates to be declared elected, 
 the returning officer whether an elector or not may give 
 a deciding vote, but the returning officer shall not be 
 entitled to vote at the election in any other case. 
 
 Speci-al Provisions for a Combined University 
 Constituency (g) . 
 
 23. In a combined university constituency the Vice- 
 Chancellor, or the person performing the duties of a Vice- 
 Chancellor, at each university forming the combination, 
 shall, for the purpose of making arrangements for the 
 poll and the holding of the poll, have at the university 
 the powers and perform the duties of the returning 
 officer (including the power and duty of deciding upon 
 the validity of voting papers (h) and the right of a person 
 to vote (i) . 
 
 24. Arrangements may be made for counting votes at 
 an election for a combined university constituency (0r) at 
 each of the universities forming the combination, if the 
 transferable vote (fc) is not used at that election, and for a 
 record of the votes counted at each university being sent to 
 the returning officer for the combined constituency in order 
 that he may ascertain and declare the result of the election 
 
 (g) See Ninth Schedule, Part III., p. 554, infra. 
 
 (h] See pp. 182200, supra. 
 
 (i) See pp. 102110, 167172, supra. 
 
 (/.-) See sect, 20 (1), p. 155, and pp. 158160, supra. 
 
 F. 24 
 
370 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 General. 
 
 25. The returning officer shall appoint such deputies 
 and clerks as he may think necessary for the proper holding 
 of the election, and shall supply a form of voting paper (o) 
 to any elector applying for such a form, and shall supply 
 forms of nomination papers. 
 
 The governing body of the University may designate 
 an officer of the University to act temporarily as returning 
 officer in the event of a vacancy in the office of returning 
 officer or in the event of his incapacity to appoint a deputy . 
 
 26. Any expenses reasonably incurred by the returning 
 officer in connection with the arrangements for a uni- 
 versity election and the conduct thereof shall be repaid to 
 the returning officer by the University. 
 
 In the case of a combined University constituency (p) 
 any such expenses incurred by the Vice-Chancellor or corre- 
 sponding officer of each University shall be paid by the 
 University whose Vice-Chancellor or officer has incurred 
 the expenses, and any other such expenses shall be paid 
 in equal shares by the Universities forming the com- 
 bination . 
 
 In the case of a combined University constituency (p) 
 any candidate's deposit which is forfeited (q) to the Uni- 
 versity shall be retained by, or paid to, the University 
 whose Vice-Chancellor or other officer is the returning 
 officer of the combined constituency and applied by that 
 University in the payment of the expenses which are under 
 this provision to be paid in equal shares by the Universities 
 forming the combination. 
 
 27 . A voting paper shall be deemed to be a public docu- 
 ment within the meaning of subsection (3) of section four 
 of the Forgery Act, 1913, and section five of the Perjury 
 
 (o) For form, see p. 372, infra. 
 
 (p) See Ninth Schedule, Part III., p. 554, infra. 
 
 (7) See sect. 27, pp. 208210, supra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS. 
 
 Act, 1911, applies to any declaration or statement made 
 in the voting paper. 
 
 28. A voting paper shall not be liable to stamp duty. 
 
 29. If any person, for the purpose of enabling an 
 elector to vote at a university election, corruptly pays on 
 his behalf any fees which the elector is required to pay 
 in order to be registered or entitled to vote, he shall be 
 guilty of an illegal practice (r) within the meaning of the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, and 
 that Act shall apply accordingly. 
 
 30. In reckoning time for the purpose of the provisions 
 in this Schedule, Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, 
 and any day set apart as a bank or public holiday or day 
 of public fast or public thanksgiving shall be excluded; 
 and where anything is required by these provisions to be 
 done on any day falls to be done on any such day that 
 thing may be done on the next day not being one of any 
 such days. 
 
 31 . If regulations (5) are made under this Act as to the 
 manner in which public notice is to be given under the 
 provisions of this Schedule, public notice shall be given 
 in manner directed under any such regulations for the 
 time being in force, and if no such regulations are in force 
 shall be given in such manner as the Returning Officer 
 considers best fitted for giving notice to the persons 
 concerned . 
 
 32. An election shall not be declared invalid by reason 
 of non-compliance with these provisions if it appears to 
 the tribunal cognisant of the case that the election was con- 
 ducted in accordance with the principle of these provisions 
 and that the non-compliance with these provisions did not 
 affect the result of the election. 
 
 (r) See p. 166, supra. 
 
 () No such regulations have been made up to the time of going 
 to press. 
 
 24 (2) 
 
372 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Farm of Voting Paper. 
 
 I, A. B. (here give the elector's name in full, 
 
 with his university degree and college, if any], give my 
 vote as indicated below: 
 
 
 Candidates. 
 
 Order of Preference. 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 I declare that I have signed no other voting paper and 
 have not voted in person at this election for the university 
 constituency of 
 f I also declare 
 
 (In the case of a man) that I have not voted at 
 this general election in respect of any qualifi- 
 cation other than a residence qualification ; 
 (In the case of a woman) that I have not voted at 
 this general election for any other university 
 constituency (t) . 
 
 Signed A. B. 
 Address 
 
 The day of 19 . 
 
 I declare that this voting paper (the voting paper having 
 been previously filled in), was signed in my presence by 
 A. B. ? who is personally known to me, on the day 
 
 of 19 . 
 
 Signed O.D. 
 Address 
 
 * This form will require modification where the transferable vote 
 is not used at the election. 
 
 t This declaration is to be made only at a general election. 
 
 (0 See Second Schedule, Part II., p. 358, supra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (.SCOTLAND). 
 
 PART II. 
 
 PROVISIONS AS TO SCOTTISH UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (w) . 
 Returning Officer. 
 
 1. The returning officer for the combined Scottish 
 University constituency shall be the Vice-Chancellor of 
 the University of Edinburgh, to whom the writ for any 
 election of a member or members of Parliament for that 
 constituency shall be directed. 
 
 2. It shall be the duty of the returning officer to make 
 all arrangements for the election, including arrangements 
 for the nomination of candidates (v), and (where a poll is 
 necessary) for the poll (x) and counting of votes (y\ and to 
 certify the result of the election in pursuance of the 
 writ. 
 
 3. The returning officer shall give notice to the candi- 
 dates of the days fixed for the poll and of the time and 
 place for counting the votes, and any candidate and an 
 agent appointed by any candidate for the purpose may 
 be present at the poll and the count. 
 
 No person other than the returning officer, his assistants 
 and clerks, and the candidates and their agents shall be 
 entitled to be present at the count except with the sanction 
 of the returning officer. 
 
 Nomination. 
 
 4 . The nomination shall take place on such day and at 
 such time and place as may be fixed by the returning 
 officer, being not less than four days and not more than 
 eight days after the receipt of the writ, and the returning 
 
 (a) See sect. 36 (1), set out on p. 279, supra. 
 (y) See clauses 4 to 9, infra. 
 (x) See clauses 10 to 26, pp. 374380, infra. 
 (y) See clauses 27, 28, p. 380, infra. 
 
374 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 officer shall give public notice (a) of the day, time, and 
 place so fixed within three days after he receives the writ. 
 
 5 . The candidate must be nominated in writing by two 
 electors as proposer and seconder and by eight other electors 
 as assenting to the nomination, and his nomination must 
 be delivered to the returning officer by some elector. 
 
 6. If, at the expiration of the time fixed for nomination, 
 no more candidates are nominated than there are vacancies 
 to be filled up, the returning officer shall declare the candi- 
 dates who stand nominated to be elected and certify the 
 result of the election accordingly. 
 
 7. If, at the expiration of the time fixed for nomination, 
 more candidates stand nominated than there are vacancies 
 to be filled up, the returning officer shall arrange for a 
 poll to be taken . 
 
 8. A candidate may be withdrawn in manner provided 
 by regulations (6) made under this Act, and if, owing to the 
 withdrawal of a candidate after nomination, a poll becomes 
 unnecessary, the returning officer shall countermand the 
 poll and declare any candidate elected whose nomination 
 remains standing. 
 
 9 . If one of the candidates nominated dies after he has 
 been nominated and before the commencement of the poll, 
 the returning officer shall countermand the poll and other 
 proceedings for the election and commence the same again 
 as if the writ had been received by him on the day on which 
 he is satisfied of the fact that the death took place. 
 
 No fresh nomination shall be required in the case of a 
 candidate who stood nominated at the time the poll was 
 countermanded. 
 
 Poll. 
 
 10. The poll shall remain open for not less than four 
 dayB nor more than six days, and shall take place on such 
 
 (a) See clause 37, p. 382, infra. 
 
 (6) These regulations have not been made up to the time of going 
 to press. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 375 
 
 days as may be fixed by the returning officer, commencing 
 not more than twenty and not less than twelve clear days 
 after the day of nomination. 
 
 11. The poll at each University shall be open at such 
 place and for such time each day between the hours of 
 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., not being less than four hours, as the 
 Vice-Chancellor of the University may direct. 
 
 12. The Vice-Chancellor of each University shall give 
 public notice (c) of the days and hours of poll and of the 
 polling place appointed. 
 
 13. The Vice-Chancellor of each University shall at the 
 University act as presiding officer and shall have general 
 control over the arrangements for the conduct of the poll 
 at such University. 
 
 14. No person other than the Vice-Chancellor, the regis- 
 trar, their assistants and clerks, and the candidates and 
 their agents shall be entitled to be present at the poll except 
 with the sanction of the Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 15. The Vice-Chancellor of each University shall as 
 regards the voting papers relating to such University 
 decide on the validity of any voting paper (d) to which ob- 
 jection is taken, or on the right of any person to vote (e), 
 and the decision of the Vice-Chancellor, if the voting paper 
 or the right to vote is allowed, shall be final, but, if the 
 voting paper or the right to vote is disallowed, shall be 
 subject to reversal on any proceeding questioning the 
 election or return. 
 
 16. The register kept in pursuance of this Act by the 
 University Court shall be conclusive as to the right of any 
 person to vote at the poll; but this provision shall not 
 entitle any person to vote if that person is subject to any 
 legal incapacity (/) . 
 
 (c) See clause 37, p. 382, infra. 
 
 (d) See pp. 182200, supra. 
 
 (e) See pp. 102110, 167172, supra. 
 (/) See pp. 48, 6768, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 17. Votes shall be given by means of voting papers, 
 and no elector shall be allowed to vote in person, or in any 
 other way than is herein provided. Each voting paper .shall 
 be in the form (A) appended to this Schedule (#). Each 
 voting paper shall have a number printed or written on 
 the back thereof, and shall have attached a counterfoil 
 with the same number printed or written on the face. 
 Before a voting paper is issued to an elector as herein- 
 after provided, it shall be marked with an official mark, 
 either stamped or perforated, and the number of such 
 elector, as stated on the register shall be marked on the 
 counterfoil, and a mark shall be placed in the register 
 or any copy thereof used for the purposes of the election 
 against the number of the elector to denote that a voting 
 paper has been issued to him. 
 
 18. The registrar of each University, as soon as he con- 
 veniently can after the day of nomination (A), and not later 
 than eight clear days thereafter, shall issue through the 
 post a voting paper, in the form (A) appended to this 
 Schedule (#), to each elector to his address as entered on the 
 register who shall appear from said address to be resident 
 within the United Kingdom or the Channel Islands; and 
 such voting paper (the Christian name, surname, desig- 
 nation, and residence of the elector as appearing on the 
 register having previously been filled in by the registrar, or 
 some one having his authority), contained in an envelope 
 marked on the outside as sent by the registrar of the Uni- 
 versitj^, shall be accompanied by a letter of intimation in 
 the form (B) appended to this schedule (), and by a 
 stamped envelope addressed to the registrar, for the return 
 of the said voting paper; and each elector, upon receipt of 
 his voting paper, if he desires to vote in the election, shall 
 record his vote thereon, and the place and date of signa- 
 
 (0) For form, see pp. 383384, infra. 
 (A) See clause 4, pp. 373374, supra. 
 (0 For form, see p. 384, infra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 377 
 
 ture, and affix his subscription thereto, in the presence of 
 one witness, who shall personally know the elector, and 
 who shall attest the fact of such voting paper having been 
 signed by the elector in his presence at the place therein 
 mentioned, by signing his name at the foot thereof, and 
 adding his designation and place of residence in the form 
 or to the effect set forth in the form (A) appended to this 
 schedule (&). 
 
 19. Thereafter the voting paper so signed and attested 
 as aforesaid, shall, if the elector desires to vote in the 
 election, be returned through the post to the registrar of 
 the University by whom it was issued, so as to reach him 
 not later than the time specified in the said letter of inti- 
 mation for the return of the voting paper. Each voting 
 paper, when received back by the registrar, shall be kept 
 by him unopened in a fireproof safe, or other place of 
 safety, until the poll begins. 
 
 20 . If an elector, before or after he has received a voting 
 paper, shall intimate or cause to be intimated in writing 
 to the registrar that he is incapacitated from blindness or 
 other physical cause to vote in the manner prescribed by 
 this Act, it shall be lawful for the registrar, on getting 
 back the voting paper from the elector, if such has been 
 issued, to issue to the elector so incapacitated a voting 
 paper in the form or to the effect set forth in the form (C) 
 appended to this schedule (7); and on said voting paper 
 being received by the elector, it shall be competent for him 
 to record his vote by the hand of a justice of the peace in 
 the manner therein directed; and the said justice of peace 
 shall certify and attest the fact of his having been re- 
 quested and authorised by the elector to sign said voting 
 paper for him, and of its having been so signed by him 
 in the presence of the elector by signing an attestation in 
 the form (C) aforesaid; and such voting paper, when 
 
 (A-) For form, see pp. 383384, infra. 
 (1} For form, see pp. 385386, infra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 received by the registrar, shall have the same effect and 
 be similarly dealt with as a voting paper signed by an 
 elector in the form (A) appended to this schedule (n) . 
 
 21. An elector who has not received a voting paper 
 sent by post as aforesaid to his address as appearing on 
 the register, or who has before re-delivery thereof to the 
 registrar, inadvertently spoilt his voting paper in such 
 manner that it cannot be conveniently used as a voting 
 paper, or who has lost his voting paper, may, on his 
 transmitting to the registrar a declaration signed by him- 
 self before a justice of the peace setting forth the fact of 
 the non-receipt, the inadvertent spoiling, or the loss of 
 the voting paper, require the registrar to send him a new 
 voting paper in place of the one not received, or spoilt, 
 or lost; and in case the voting paper has been spoilt, the 
 spoilt voting paper shall be returned to the registrar, and 
 when received by him shall be immediately cancelled, and 
 in every case where a new voting paper is issued a mark 
 shall be placed opposite the number of the elector's name 
 on the register, to denote that a new voting paper has been 
 issued in place of the one not received, or spoilt, or lost. 
 
 22. An elector who does not appear from his address 
 as entered on the register to be resident within the United 
 Kingdom or the Channel Islands, may apply in writing 
 to the registrar to send a voting paper to him to an address 
 within the United Kingdom or the Channel Islands. 
 
 23. The registrar, upon receiving an application in 
 terms of either of the two preceding provisions hereof at 
 any time before the day on which the poll begins, shall 
 forthwith transmit a new voting paper, or a voting paper, 
 as the case may be, to the address as appearing on the 
 register, or to the address within the United Kingdom or 
 Channel Islands as the case may be: Provided that the 
 registrar shall open all letters coming addressed to him 
 
 (n) For form, see pp. 383 fc84, infra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 
 
 from the Dead Letter Office after the date of his issuing 
 the voting papers, in order to ascertain and make public 
 the names and addresses of the electors whose voting papers 
 have not reached them, which he shall do by exhibiting 
 publicly at his office in the University as they reach him 
 a list of the names and addresses of the electors whose 
 letters have been returned to him from the Dead Letter 
 Office, for the information of >all concerned . 
 
 24. When the poll begins, the voting papers shall be 
 opened and examined by the registrar in the presence of 
 the Vice-Chancellor and any candidate or agent of a candi- 
 date who may attend, and the voting papers found to be 
 marked with the official mark and the number on the 
 back as appearing on the counterfoil, and otherwise 
 regular, shall be put apart until the end of the poll. Any 
 voting paper which has not the official mark and the 
 number on the back as appearing on the counterfoil, or 
 which is in the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor otherwise 
 invalid, shall not be counted as a vote in the election, but 
 shall be sealed up in a paper apart, marked on the back 
 thereof with the words " voting papers received but dis- 
 allowed," and initialled by the Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 25 . It shall be lawful for any candidate or the agent of 
 any candidate who may be in attendance at the poll, to 
 inspect any voting paper and to object to it on one or 
 more of the following grounds: 
 
 (1) That the elector named in the voting paper lias 
 
 already voted at that election: 
 
 (2) That the person giving a vote by the voting paper 
 
 is not qualified to vote: 
 
 (3) That the voting papor is forged or falsified: 
 
 (4) That the voting paper is wanting in any of the 
 
 essential conditions required by this Act: 
 
 Provided, that in case the objection offered to any voting 
 paper shall be that it is forged or falsified, such voting 
 paper shall not on that ground alone be disallowed by the 
 
380 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Vice-Chancellor, but he shall write upon it, " objected to 
 as forged," or, "objected to as falsified," together with 
 the name of the person making such objection. 
 
 26. No voting paper shall be counted which does not 
 reach the registrar before ten of the clock on the morning 
 of the day on which the poll closes. 
 
 Counting of Votes. 
 
 27. After the poll is closed all voting papers received 
 at any polling place shall be placed in a proper receptacle 
 and sealed up and delivered to the returning officer, and 
 the returning officer shall, as soon as practicable after the 
 receipt of the votes from all the polling places, count the 
 votes and publish (o) the result. 
 
 28 . Where an equality of votes is found to exist between 
 any candidates on a final count and the addition of a vote 
 would entitle any of those candidates to be declared elected, 
 the returning officer may give a deciding vote, but the 
 returning officer shall not be entitled to vote at the election 
 in any other case. 
 
 General. 
 
 29. Arrangements may be made for counting votes at 
 an election for the combined university constituency at 
 each of the universities forming the combination, if the 
 transferable vote (p) is not used at that election, and for a 
 record of the votes counted at each University being sent 
 to the returning officer for the combined constituency in 
 order that ho may ascertain and declare the result of the 
 election . 
 
 30. The returning officer shall appoint such deputies 
 and clerks as he may think necessary for the proper holding 
 of the election, and shall supply forms of nomination 
 papers. 
 
 (o) See clause 37, p. 382, infra. 
 
 (p] See sect. 20 (1), p. 155, and pp. 158160, supra. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 381 
 
 31. All voting papers received and counted at an elec- 
 tion, and the counterfoils thereof, as well as any voting 
 papers disallowed for informality, or on any other ground, 
 and the counterfoils thereof, shall be filed, and, along with 
 any copy of the register used for the purposes of said 
 election, shall be kept by the returning officer for a period 
 of twelve months after the closing of the poll. 
 
 32. Any person falsely or fraudulently signing any 
 voting paper in the name of any other person, either as 
 a voter or as a witness, and every person signing, certi- 
 fying, attesting, or transmitting as genuine any false or 
 falsified voting paper, knowing the same to be false or 
 falsified, or with fraudulent intent altering, defacing, 
 destroying, withholding, or obstructing any voting paper, 
 shall be guilty of a crime and offence, and shall be punish- 
 able by fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 
 one year. 
 
 33. No such voting paper as herein-before mentioned 
 shall be liable to any stamp duty. 
 
 34. Any expenses reasonably incurred by the Vice- 
 Chancellor of each University in connection with the 
 arrangements for an election shall be repaid to him by 
 that University: Provided that any expenses so incurred 
 by the returning officer in connection with the nomination 
 and the counting of votes shall be paid in equal shares by 
 the four Universities forming the constituency. 
 
 35. If any person, for the purpose of enabling any 
 other person to vote at a university election, corruptly 
 pays on his behalf any fees which such other person is 
 required to pay in order to be registered or entitled to vote, 
 he shall be guilty of an illegal pnactioe (q) within the 
 meaning of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention 
 Act, 1883, and that Act shall apply accordingly. 
 
 36. In reckoning time for the purpose of the provi- 
 
 (q) See p. 166, 
 
382 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 sions in this Schedule, Sunday, Christmas Day, and any 
 day set apart as a bank or public holiday or public fast or 
 public thanksgiving shall be, excluded; and where anything 
 required by these provisions to be done on any day falls 
 to be done on any such day it may be done on the next 
 day not being one of any such days. 
 
 37 . If regulations () are made under tliis Act as to the 
 mariner in which public notice is to be given under the 
 provisions of this Schedule, public notice shall be given 
 in manner directed under any such regulations for the 
 time being in force, and if no such regulations are in 
 force shall be given in such manner as the returning officer 
 or the Vice-Chancellor as the case may be, considers best 
 fitted for giving notice to the persons concerned. 
 
 38. An election shall not be declared invalid by reason 
 of non-compliance with these provisions if it appears to 
 the tribunal having jurisdiction that the election was con- 
 ducted in accordance with the principle of these provisions 
 and that the non-compliance with these provisions did 
 not affect the result of the election. 
 
 39. Where the Vice-Chancellor or registrar of any 
 University is absent, or is incapacitated by illness for 
 discharging any duty required of him by this Act, or if 
 the office of Vice-Chancellor or of registrar shall be vacant, 
 the duties by this Act imposed on the Vice-Chancellor or 
 registrar respectively shall be discharged by a person ap- 
 pointed for that purpose by the University Court of such 
 University; and such person shall in that respect, but in 
 no other, act for the time as and be deemed to be Vice- 
 Chancellor or registrar of such University. 
 
 () At the time of going to press no regulations have been issued. 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 
 
 383 
 
 FORM A. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF (Name of University) VOTING PAPER. 
 No. (number of elector as on the register). 
 
 I, A. B. (here give the elector's name in full 
 
 <md Ms designation), give my vote as indicated below: 
 
 
 "Candidates. 
 
 Order of Preference. 
 
 
 A 
 B 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 * This form will require modification where the transferable vote 
 is not used at the election. 
 
 I declare that I have signed no other voting paper at 
 this election for the combined university constituency of 
 the University of St. Andrews, the University of Glasgow, 
 the University of Aberdeen, and the University of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 * I also declare (t) 
 
 (In the case of a man) that I have not voted at 
 this general election in respect of any qualifica- 
 tion other than a residence qualification ; 
 (In the case of a woman) that I have not voted at 
 this general election for any other university 
 constituency. 
 
 Signed A. B. 
 Address 
 The day of 19 . 
 
 (t) See Second Schedule, Part II., p. 358, supra. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 I declare that this voting paper (the vote having been 
 previously recorded thereon), was signed in my presence 
 by A. B. ? who is personally known to me, on the 
 day of 19 . 
 
 Signed C.D. 
 Designation 
 Address 
 
 * This declaration is to be made only at a general election. 
 
 FORM B. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF (Name of University) . 
 No. (number of elector as on the register). 
 
 Persons Nominated. 
 
 Proposed by 
 
 Seconded by 
 
 A 
 
 Name of Proposer 
 
 Name of Seconder 
 
 B 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 C 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 D 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I HAVE to intimate that the above-named persons 
 have been nominated for the office of member of Parlia- 
 ment. Along with this letter you will receive a voting 
 paper, and, should you desire to vote at this election, I have 
 to request that you will record your vote thereon and the 
 place and date of your signing, and having signed your 
 name thereto in presence of one witness, who will also 
 sign his name as directed, you will return the voting paper 
 by post to me at the University of , so as to reach 
 
 me on or before 10 a.m. of (insert the day on which the 
 poll finally closes). 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 (Signed) G. H., Registrar. 
 (Date.) 
 
UNIVERSITY ELECTIONS (SCOTLAND). 
 
 FORM C. 
 UNIVERSITY OF (Name of University) VOTING PAPER. 
 
 INCAPACITATED ELECTOR. 
 No. (number of elector as on register). 
 
 I A. B. (here give the elector's name in full and his 
 designation), give my vote as indicated below, and I have 
 requested and authorise/I C. D., a justice of peace, to make 
 the entries in this voting paper on my behalf and on my 
 instructions, and to subscribe this voting paper and 
 declaration (s) for me, as I am from (state the incapacity 
 unable to write: 
 
 385 
 
 
 t Candidates. 
 
 Order of Preference. 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 B 
 C 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 t This form will require modification where the transferable vote 
 is not used at the election. 
 
 I declare that I have signed no other voting paper at 
 this election for the combined university constituency of 
 the University of St. Andrews, the University of Glasgow, 
 the University of Aberdeen, and the University of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 J I also declare (t) 
 
 (In the case of a man) that I have not voted at this 
 general election in respect of any qualification 
 other than a residence qualification; 
 
 (t) See Second Schedule, Part II., p. 358, supra. 
 F. 25 
 
386 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (In the case of a woman) that I have not voted at 
 this general election for any other university 
 constituency . 
 
 Signed A.B. 
 Address 
 
 The day of 19 . 
 
 I, C. D., a justice of peace for , and residing at 
 
 , hereby declare that A.B., hefore named, being 
 personally known to me, did in my presence make the, 
 declaration (s) before mentioned, and did duly request and 
 authorise me to make the entries in this voting paper on 
 his behalf and on his instructions, and to subscribe this 
 voting paper for him, which I did on day of 
 
 19 , in the presence of the said A.B. 
 
 (Signed) C. D., a justice of peace for 
 , and residing at 
 J This declaration is to be made only at a general election. 
 
 Section 42. SIXTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 ADAPTATION OF ACTS (w) . 
 
 1. A reference to parliamentary electors registered 
 under this Act shall be substituted for any reference in 
 any other Act to parliamentary electors, parliamentary 
 voters, or persons entitled to vote at parliamentary elec- 
 tions, by whatever name called. 
 
 2. A reference to local government electors registered 
 under this Act shall, so far as local government elections 
 and the right to vote at any such elections are concerned, be 
 substituted for any reference in any other Act to local 
 government electors, county electors, burgesses, parochial 
 electors, or other persons entitled to vote at a local govern- 
 ment election, by whatever name called, and local govern- 
 
 () See sect. 42, p. 308, supra. 
 
ADAPTATION OF ACTS. 38' 
 
 ment electors so registered shall for all purposes, whether 
 statutory or not, be in the same position as any such local 
 government electors, county electors, burgesses, parochial 
 electors, or persons. 
 
 3. A reference to the register kept in pursuance of this 
 Act shall, so far as it relates to parliamentary electors, be 
 substituted for any reference in any Act to the parliamen- 
 tary register of electors or to the parliamentary register 
 or to the register of parliamentary electors or to the register 
 of persons entitled to vote at a parliamentary election, by 
 whatever name called, and, so far as it relates to the local 
 government register, shall be substituted for the local 
 government register of electors, the burgess roll, the county 
 register, the register of parochial electors, and for the 
 register of persons entitled to vote at a local government 
 election, by whatever name called. 
 
 4. The registration officer shall be substituted for the 
 overseers in sections eleven and twelve of the Parliamen- 
 tary and Municipal Registration Act, 1878, and in every 
 other enactment dealing with the duties of the overseers 
 in connection with the registration of electors; and in 
 sections thirty-nine, sixty-eight and sixty -nine of the 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, 
 " registration officer" means the registration officer under 
 this Act. 
 
 5 . Subsection (4) of section forty of the Local Govern- 
 ment Act, 1888, shall have effect as if the words "for the 
 time being " were substituted for the words " at the passing 
 of this Act"; and, in order to meet any difficulty (conse- 
 quent on the change of boundaries under this provision) 
 in filling casual vacancies by election in the London County 
 Council, any such casual vacancy shall, until the first elec- 
 tion of the whole number of councillors which takes place 
 after the passing of this Act, be filled by means of the 
 choice by the Council of a person to fill the vacancy, and 
 the councillor so chosen shall hold office in such manner 
 
 25 (2) 
 
388 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 and in all respects as if he had been elected to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 6. Sections eleven and thirteen and (so far as neces- 
 sary) section twelve of the Parliamentary and Municipal 
 Registration Act, 1878, shall be adapted so as to be appli- 
 cable to parishes situated in any constituency or in any 
 local government area, and for that purpose " con- 
 stituency " shall be substituted in those sections for 
 "parliamentary borough/' " local government area" for 
 " municipal borough," and " registered as a local govern- 
 ment elector" for "enrolled as a burgess." 
 
 7. The Local Government Board may, by order, make 
 such further adaptations in the provisions of any Act 
 (including any local Act and any Act to confirm a Pro- 
 visional Order and any scheme under the Municipal Cor- 
 porations Act, 1882, as amended by any subsequent Act) 
 as may seem to them necessary to make those provisions 
 conform with the provisions of this Act; and any order so 
 made shall operate as if enacted in this Act. 
 
 As respects Scotland the Secretary for Scotland, and 
 as respects Ireland the Local Government Board for 
 Ireland, shall be substituted for the Local Government 
 Board in this schedule. 
 
 Special Adaptation of Acts for Scotland. 
 
 8. The Eepresentation of the People (Scotland) Act, 
 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4,c.65) :- 
 
 Section thirty-eight shall apply as if this Act were 
 mentioned therein as well as the Act therein men- 
 tioned . 
 
 The Representation of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868 
 (31 & 32 Viet. c. 48):- 
 
 Section twenty-three shall apply as if appeals from 
 the sheriff court under this Act were mentioned 
 therein instead of the appeals therein mentioned . 
 
SPECIAL ADAPTATION OF ACTS FOR SCOTLAND. 389 
 
 The Ballot Act, 1872 (35 & 36 Viet. c. 33):- 
 
 In Rule 60 (x) of Part I. of the First Schedule, a 
 reference to Division (4) of Part I. of the Ninth 
 Schedule to this Act shall be substituted for the refer- 
 ence to the Schedules in that Rule mentioned. 
 
 The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 
 (46 & 47 Viet. c. 51):- 
 
 In section pixty-eight in the definition of 
 " revising barrister/' for the word " sheriff " shall be 
 substituted the words " registration officer." 
 
 The Registration Amendment (Scotland) Act, 1885 (48 
 &49 Viet. c. 16):- 
 
 In section six, for the words " dwelling-house 
 within the meaning of the Representation of the 
 People Act, 1884," there shall be substituted the 
 words, " house or part of a house occupied as a 
 separate dwelling: Provided that no such en try shall 
 render liable to be rated in respect of any such house 
 or part of a house any person who occupies the same 
 by virtue of any office, service, or employment." 
 
 The Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889 (52 & 53 
 Viet. c. 50):- 
 
 In section six, the words "in the Representation 
 of the People Act, 1918," shall be substituted for the 
 word " hereinafter." 
 
 The Elections (Scotland) (Corrupt and Illegal Prac- 
 tices) Act, 1890 (53 & 54 Viet. o. 55):- 
 
 In section twenty -nine the words "registration 
 officer " shall be substituted for " revising authority," 
 and at the end of subsection (1) of the said section 
 the following words shall be added, "and shall make 
 out a list (which may be referred to as the corrupt 
 and illegal practices list) containing the name and 
 
 (x) Set out at p. 692, infra. 
 
390 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 description of every person whose name has been so 
 omitted, and shall state in that list the offence of 
 which each such person has been convicted or found 
 guilty." 
 
 The Town Councils (Scotland) Act, 1900 (63 & 64 
 Viet. c. 49):- 
 
 In subsection (1) of section twenty-three the words 
 " registered as local government electors for the 
 burgh in accordance with the provisions of the Repre- 
 sentation of the People Act, 1918 " shall be substi- 
 tuted for the words " entitled in respect of premises 
 within the municipal boundary to vote in the election 
 of a member of Parliament." 
 
 Special Adaptation of Acts for Ireland, 
 
 9. The Juries Act (Ireland), 1871 (34 & 35 Viet. 
 o. 65):- 
 
 In sections twelve and fourteen, a reference to the 
 county court shall b substituted for a reference to 
 the court at which the register of parliamentary voters 
 is revised. 
 
 The Parliamentary Registration (Ireland) Act, 1885 
 (48 & 49 Viet. c. 17):- 
 
 In section sixteen the registration officer shall be 
 substituted for the clerk of the union; "fifteenth of 
 July " shall be substituted for " first of July " and 
 the word "male" shall be omitted. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 891 
 
 SEVENTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 RETURNING OFFICERS FOR SCOTTISH CONSTITUENCIES 
 SITUATED IN *MORE THAN ONE SHERIFFDOM z . 
 
 Section 43 
 
 (13). 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 
 Borough or County. 
 
 Montrose District of Burghs. 
 
 Ayr and Bute 
 
 Name of Division. 
 
 Bute and Northern . 
 
 Berwick and Haddington . . 
 Caithness and Sutherland . . 
 
 Inverness and Ross and | Western Isles 
 Cromarty. 
 
 Perth and Kinross 
 Renfrew . 
 
 Kinross and Western. 
 Eastern . 
 
 Returning Officer 
 
 Sheriff of Forfar. 
 Sheriff of Ayr. 
 
 Sheriff of the Lothiaus 
 and Peebles. 
 
 Sheriff of Caithness, 
 Orkney, and Zetland. 
 
 Sheriff of Ross, Cro- 
 marty, and Sutherland. 
 
 Sheriff of Perth. 
 
 Sheriff of Renfrew and 
 Bute. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 8 Hen. 6, c. 7. 
 
 10 Hen. 6, 
 c. 2. 
 
 EIGHTH SCHEDULE 
 ENACTMENTS REPEALED (a) . 
 
 Section 47. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 Electors of knights of the 
 shires shall have 40a. a 
 year freehold and be 
 resident. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealfid. 
 
 The Statute 8 Hen. 6, The whole Act so far as unre- 
 c. 7, as to freehold quali- 
 fication of electors of 
 knights of the shires ; | 
 such freeholds shall be j 
 within the county. 
 
 (z) See sect. 43 (13), pp. 321322, supra. 
 (a) See sect. 47, p. 337, supra. 
 
392 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 7 & 8 Will. 3, 
 c. 25. 
 
 An Act for the further 
 regulating elections of 
 members to serve in 
 Parliament, and for the 
 preventing irregular 
 proceedings of sheriffs 
 and other officers in the 
 electing and returning 
 such members. 
 
 Section six. 
 
 10 Anne, 
 * 31. 
 
 The Elections (Fraudulent 
 Conveyances) Act, 1711. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 13 Geo. 2, 
 c. 20. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions (Fraudulent Con- 
 veyances) Act, 1739. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 18 Geo. 2, 
 c. 18. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1744. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 19 Geo. 2, 
 c. 28. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1745. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 3 Geo. 3, 
 c. 15. 
 
 The Freemen (Admission) 
 Act, 1763. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 20 Geo. 3, 
 c. 17. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1780. 
 
 Dhe whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 25 Geo. 3, 
 c. 84. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1785. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 33 Geo. 3, 
 c. 64. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1793. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 53 Geo. 3, 
 c. 49. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1813. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 4 Geo. 4, 
 c. 36. 
 
 The Joint Tenancy (Ire- 
 land) Act, 1833. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 4 Geo. 4, 
 c. 55. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions (Ireland) Act, 1823. 
 
 Sections twenty-four, twenty-six, 
 twenty-seven, and twenty- 
 eight. 
 
 2 & 3 Will. 4 
 c. 45. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People Act, 1832. 
 
 The whole Act (except sections 
 sixty-six, seventy, and seventy- 
 six, and the definition of " re- 
 turning officer " in section 
 seventy-nine) ; the words " bar- 
 rister, overseer," in section 
 seventy-six wherever they occur. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 393 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 2 & 3 Will. 4, 
 c. 65. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Scotland) Act, 
 1832. 
 
 "2 & 3 Will. 4, 
 c. 88. 
 
 ,5 & 6 Will. 4 
 c. 36. 
 
 5 & 6 Will. 4 
 
 c 78. 
 
 3 & 4 Viet 
 c. 108. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Ireland) Act, 
 1832. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1835. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Scotland) Act, 
 1835. 
 
 The Municipal Corpora- 
 tions (Ireland) Act, 1840. 
 
 5 & 6 Viet The University of Duhlin 
 c. 74. Registration Act, 1842. 
 
 7 Viet. 
 
 c. 18. 
 
 The Parliamentary Voters 
 Registration Act, 1843. 
 
 11 & 12 Viet, 
 c. 90. 
 
 12 & 13 Viet, 
 c. 85. 
 
 13 & 14 Viet 
 c. 57. 
 
 13 & 14 Viet, 
 c. 68. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Act, 1848. 
 
 The Dublin Corporation 
 Act, 1849. 
 
 The Vestries Act, 1850 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec. 
 tions( Ireland) Act, 1850. 
 
 Sections two to four, six to thir- 
 teen ; section twenty-seven ; 
 section twenty-eight; section 
 thirty-five; section thirty-six, 
 so far as relating to town clerks 
 or deputy town clerks being 
 entitled to vote; section thirty - 
 seven; section forty; section 
 forty-two, and the schedules so 
 far as unrepealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed except sections eleven 
 and twelve. 
 
 Section seven. 
 
 Sections three, four, nine, ten, 
 and eleven. 
 
 Sections six and eight to ten. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act so 
 pealed. 
 
 far as unre- 
 
 The whole Act (except sections 
 eighty-one, eighty-two, eighty- 
 five to ninety, ninety -three, and 
 ninety-seven, and the definition 
 of "returning officer " in sec- 
 tion one hundred and one), the 
 word "overseer " in section 
 ninety-seven. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Sections two, three, five, 
 seven, and ten to twelve. 
 
 six-. 
 
 Section seven from "to give the 
 notices for claims "to for re- 
 vising them, and," and the 
 words "burgess lists and the". 
 
 Sections six to nine and section 
 nineteen. 
 
391 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACI, 1918. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 13 & 14 Viet, 
 
 14 & 15 Viet, 
 c. 14. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Ireland) Act, 
 I860. 
 
 The Compound House- 
 holders Act, 1851. 
 
 14 & 15 Viet. The 
 c. 57. 
 
 16 & 17 Viet. The County Elections 
 c. 28. (Scotland) Act, 1853. 
 
 16 & 17 Viet. The Dublin Parliamentary 
 c. 58. Revising Act, 1853. 
 
 16 & 17 Viet. The Parliamentary Elec- 
 c. 68. tions Act, 1853. 
 
 17 & 18 Viet. 
 c. 91. 
 
 19 & 20 Viet, 
 c. 58. 
 
 20 & 21 Viet. 
 c. 68. 
 
 24 & 25 Viet. 
 c. 53. 
 
 24 & 25 Viet 
 c. 60. 
 
 24 & 25 Viet 
 c. 83. 
 
 27 & 28 Viet 
 c. 22. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 Civil Bill Courts 
 (Ireland) Act, 1851. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed (except sections eighty- 
 eight to ninety-seven and sec- 
 tions one hundred and three, 
 one hundred and eight, and one 
 hundred and eighteen). 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section one hundred and sixty- 
 one. 
 
 Sections two, three, five, six, and 
 
 The Lands Valuation 
 (Scotland) Act, 1854. 
 
 The Burgh Voters Regis- 
 tration (Scotland) Act, 
 1856. 
 
 The Dublin Revising Bar- 
 risters Act, 1857. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Ireland) Act, 
 1861. 
 
 The County Voters Regis- 
 tration (Scotland) Act, 
 1861. 
 
 The Regintration of County 
 Voters (Ireland) Act, 
 1864. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 In section one the words "for the 
 Universities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge and" the words " to 
 the Vice-Chancellora of the said 
 Universities and" and the 
 words "Vice- Chancellors and"; 
 sections four and five. 
 
 Section thirty-four. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed except sections two and 
 five. 
 
 The University Elections The whole Act so far as unre- 
 Act, 1861. pealed. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 395 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 28 & 29 Viet, 
 c. 36. 
 
 29 & 30 Viet, 
 c. 54. 
 
 30 & 31 Viet, 
 o. 102. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The County Voters Regis- 
 tration Act, 1865. 
 
 ["he Revising Barristers 
 Act, 1866. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People Act, 1867. 
 
 31 & 32 Viet, 
 c. 48. 
 
 ["he Representation of the 
 People (Scotland) Act, 
 1868. 
 
 31 & 32 Viet, 
 c. 49. 
 
 31 & 32 Viet 
 c. 58. 
 
 31 & 32 Viet 
 c. 65. 
 
 31 & 32 Viet 
 c. 112. 
 
 32 & 33 Viet 
 c. 41. 
 
 33 & 34 Viet 
 c. 11. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People (Ireland) Act, 
 1868. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tors Registration Act, 
 1868. 
 
 The Universities Elections 
 Act, 1868. 
 
 The Registration Amend- 
 ment (Ireland) Act, 1868. 
 
 The Poor Rate Assessment 
 and Collection Act, 1869. 
 
 The Dublin Collector 
 Rates Act, 1870. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act (except sections 
 one, two, seven, thirty-seven, 
 forty-nine to fifty-two, fifty- 
 seven, fifty-nine, and sixty-one, 
 and Schedule H.); section 
 fifty-nine from "and in con- 
 struing" to the end of the 
 section. 
 
 Sections three to six, sections 
 eight to fourteen, sections six- 
 teen to twenty, sections twenty- 
 two, twenty-four, twenty-six, 
 thirty-seven to forty-two, 
 forty-five, forty-seven to fifty, 
 fifty-three, fifty-five, fifty-six, 
 and in section fifty-nine the 
 definition of ''premises," and 
 Schedules A., B., O., D., and 
 
 Sections three to seven, fourteen, 
 sixteen, seventeen, and twenty- 
 four. 
 
 The whole Act (except sections 
 one, two, three, and twenty- 
 one). 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act so far as un re- 
 pealed. 
 
 Section seven so far as it relates 
 to franchise and any disquali- 
 fication which depends on fran- 
 chise; section ten, and section 
 nineteen so far as it relates to 
 franchise and any disqualifica- 
 tion which depends on fran- 
 chise. 
 
 of The whole Act. 
 
REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918, 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 36 & 36 Viet. 
 
 The Ballot Act, 1872 
 
 36 & 37 
 c. 2. 
 
 Viet. The Polling Districts 
 (Ireland) Act, 1873. 
 
 36 & 37 Viet, 
 c. 30. 
 
 36 & 37 Viet. 
 
 e. 70. 
 
 37 & 38 Viet, 
 c. 53. 
 
 38 & 39 Viet. 
 
 <. 77. 
 
 38 x 39 Viet, 
 e. 84. 
 
 39 & 40 Viet 
 c. 61. 
 
 40 & 41 Viet 
 e. 57. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Registration of Voters 
 (Ireland) Act, 1873. 
 
 The Revising Barristers 
 Act, 1873. 
 
 The Revising Barristers 
 Act, 1874. 
 
 The Supreme Court of 
 Judicature Act, 1875. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions (Returning Officers) 
 Act, 1875. 
 
 The Divided Parishes and 
 Poor Law Amendmen 
 Act, 1876. 
 
 The Supreme Court of 
 Judicature Act (Ireland), 
 
 1877. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 Section five; section eight from 
 "all expenses" to "by law 
 payable," and (except as re- 
 spects Scotland and Ireland) 
 from "where the sheriff" to 
 the end of the section; sub- 
 section (5) of section sixteen, 
 sub-section (4) of section 
 seventeen, sections eighteen and 
 nineteen, section twenty-five 
 from "or where" to " is proved 
 on such trial to have voted at 
 such election" and from "or so 
 retained" to end of the section; 
 section thirty-three from " and 
 shall continue in force" to the 
 end of the section; rules 3 and 
 58 in the First Schedule. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as un re- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 In section twenty-three, the 
 words "or the distribution of 
 revising barristers among the 
 circuits," and from "and the 
 senior judge" to " boroughs 
 therein." 
 
 Sections two to five, and section 
 seven, and the Schedules, ex- 
 cept so far as those sections 
 and schedules apply to elections 
 other than parliamentary elec- 
 tions. 
 
 Section fourteen. 
 
 Sub-section (2) of section twenty- 
 three from "including" to the 
 end of the sub-section. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 41 & 42 Viet, 
 c. 3. 
 
 4 1 & 42 Viet. 
 c. 5. 
 
 41 & 42 Viet, 
 c. 26. 
 
 41 & 42 Viet. 
 c. 41. 
 
 41 & 42 Viet, 
 c. 78. 
 
 42 & 43 Viet, 
 c. 10. 
 
 42 & 43 Viet 
 c. 71. 
 
 43 & 44 Viet 
 c. 6. 
 
 44 & 45 Viet, 
 c. 40. 
 
 44 & 45 Viet 
 c. 68. 
 
 45 & 48 Viet 
 c. 50. 
 
 The House Occupiers Dis- 
 qualification Removal 
 Act, 1878. 
 
 The House Occupiers Dis- 
 qualification Removal 
 (Scotland) Act, 1878. 
 
 The Parliamentary and 
 Municipal Registration 
 
 Act, 1878. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions Returning Officers' 
 Expenses (Scotland) Act, 
 1878. 
 
 The Education (Scotland) 
 Act, 1878. 
 
 The Assessed Rates Act, 
 1879. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Registry Courts (Ire- 
 land) Amendment Act, 
 1879. 
 
 The House Occupiers in 
 Counties Disqualifica- 
 tion Removal (Scotland) 
 Act, 1880. 
 
 The Universities Elections 
 Amendment (Scotland) 
 Act, 1881. 
 
 The Supreme Court of 
 Judicature Act, 1881. 
 
 The Municipal Corpora- 
 tions Act, 1882. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed (except sections one, 
 two, eleven, twelve, thirteen 
 and fourteen) . 
 
 Section three and the Schedule. 
 
 Section twenty-four. 
 
 The whole Act so far as it relates 
 to franchise and any disquali- 
 fication which depends on 
 franchise. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section fourteen as far as respects 
 appeals in registration matters. 
 
 Section nine; in sub-section (2) 
 of section eleven the words 
 from "or (b) Being entitled" 
 to "to be made," and the words 
 "In either of those cases"; sec- 
 tions thirty-two and thirty- 
 three; sub-section (3) of sec- 
 tion forty-two; section forty- 
 four; paragraphs (1) to (7) of 
 section forty-five; sections 
 forty-six to forty -nine; in sub- 
 
398 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 45 & 46 Viet 
 c. 60 contd 
 
 46 & 47 Viet, 
 c. 51. 
 
 47 & 48 Viet, 
 c. 35. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Corrupt and Illegal 
 Practices Prevention 
 Act, 1883. 
 
 The County of Dublin 
 Jurors' and Voters' Re- 
 vision Act, 1884. 
 
 .Extent of Repeal. 
 
 section (2) of section fifty-one 
 the words "or vote in more 
 than one ward " ; sections sixty- 
 three, seventy-one, and seventy- 
 six, sub -sections (1) and (3) of 
 section two hundred and nine, 
 section two hundred and forty- 
 four, Part I. of the Third 
 Schedule, in rule four of Part 
 II. of the Third Schedule, the 
 words "or entered in the sepa- 
 rate non-resident list required 
 by this Act to be made," Part 
 IV. of the Third Schedule, rule 
 one of Part II. of the Fifth 
 Schedule so far as respects ex- 
 penses incurred in relation to 
 the enrolment of burgesses, and 
 Forms C to G in Part II. of 
 the Eight Schedule. 
 
 Sub-section (2) of section thirty, 
 two ; paragraph (c) of sub- 
 section (1) of section thirty- 
 three; sub-section (1) of sec- 
 tion thirty-five from "and may 
 charge " to the end of the sub- 
 section; sub -section (3) of 
 section thirty-nine ; section 
 forty-seven; the definitions of 
 " registration officer " in sec- 
 tions sixty-four and sixty- 
 eight ; sub -section (12) of 
 section sixty-eight; sub-section 
 (4) of section sixty-nine from 
 "in the manner" to the end of 
 the sub-section; sub-section (9) 
 of section sixty-nine; para- 
 graph (7) of Part I. of the 
 First Schedule; paragraph (1) 
 of Part II. of the First Sche- 
 dule; in the "Form of Return 
 of Election Expenses" in Part 
 I. of the Second Schedule the 
 first paragraph under the head- 
 ing "Expenditure." 
 
 Section two, so far as respects 
 the appointment of revising 
 barristers and the registration 
 of voters. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 499 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 47 & 48 Viet. 
 c. 70. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet. 
 c. 3. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet, 
 c. 9. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet, 
 c. 15. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet. 
 c. 16. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet. 
 c. 17. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet, 
 c. 23. 
 
 The Municipal Elections 
 (Corrupt and Illegal 
 Practices) Act, 1884. 
 
 The Representation of the 
 People Act, 1884. 
 
 The Municipal Voters 
 Relief Act, 1885. 
 
 The Registration Act, 1885. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet, 
 c. 46. 
 
 48 & 49 Viet, 
 c. 62. 
 
 49 & 50 Viet, 
 c. 42. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Registration Amend- 
 ment (Scotland) Act, 
 1885. 
 
 The Parliamentary Regis- 
 tration (Ireland) Act, 
 1885. 
 
 The Redistribution of Seats 
 Act, 1885. 
 
 The Medical Relief Dis- 
 qualification Removal 
 Act, 1885. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions (Returning Offi- 
 cers) Act, 1885. 
 
 The Revising Barristers 
 Act, 1886. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 Sub-section (3) of section thir- 
 teen. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed (except sections sixteen, 
 nineteen, and twenty) ; the de- 
 finitions of "ownership voter," 
 "fifty pounds rental voter," 
 and "occupation voter" in sec- 
 tion nineteen. 
 
 Section three, except so far as it 
 relates to the valuation roll, 
 sections four and five, sections 
 seven to ten, thirteen to fifteen, 
 and section seventeen. 
 
 Sections two to six, eight, nine, 
 thirteen, fifteen, seventeen to 
 thirty, and the Second Sche- 
 dule. 
 
 As respects England and Scotland 
 the whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed, and as respects Ireland, 
 sub-sections (3) and (4) of 
 section eight, sections ten to 
 twelve, sub-sections (3), (4), 
 and (5) of section thirteen, 
 sections fourteen, fifteen, eigh- 
 teen, and twenty, and in section 
 twenty-six the words from 
 "with the following" to the 
 end of the section. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed, except BO far as it 
 applies to elections other than 
 parliamentary elections. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
400 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 49 & 50 Viet, 
 c. 43. 
 
 49 & 50 Viet, 
 c. 57. 
 
 ^9 & 50 Viet, 
 c. 58. 
 
 50 & 51 Viet. 
 
 c. 55. 
 
 51 & 52 Viet, 
 c. 10. 
 
 51 & 52 Viet, 
 c. 41. 
 
 The Revising- Barristers 
 (Ireland) Act, 1886. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elec- 
 tions (Returning Offi- 
 cers) Act (1875) Amend- 
 ment Act, 1886. 
 
 The Returning Officers 
 (Scotland) Act, 1886. 
 
 The Sheriffs Act, 1887. 
 
 The County Electors Act. 
 1888. 
 
 The Local Government 
 Act, 1888. 
 
 52 & 53 Viet, 
 c. 50. 
 
 53 & 54 Viet, 
 c. 55. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Local Government 
 
 (Scotland) Act, 1889. 
 
 The Elections (Scotland) 
 (Corrupt and Illegal 
 Practices) Act, 1890. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed, except so far as it 
 applies to elections other than 
 parliamentary elections. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Sub-section (2) of section eigh- 
 teen, so far as respects sheriffs' 
 courts required for the purpose 
 of elections. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 Paragraph (b) of sub-section (2) 
 of section two from "or is re- 
 gistered" to the end of the 
 paragraph; paragraph (xii) of 
 section three; sub-section (6) 
 of section thirty-four; proviso 
 twelve in section seventy-five; 
 sections seventy -six and. 
 seventy-seven ; in paragraph 
 (6), of section eighty-three the 
 words "registration of parlia- 
 mentary voters or to the," the 
 words "or to any registration 
 matters," and the word "regis- 
 tration" where it lastly occurs; 
 in sub-section (2) of section 
 ninety-two the word "occupa- 
 tion" and the words "of mak- 
 ing out and revising the lists 
 of voters, of conducting any 
 parliamentary election"; sub- 
 section (3) of section ninety- 
 two. 
 
 S.ub-section (4) of section eight, 
 and sections twenty-eight and 
 twenty-nine. 
 
 In section one the definition of 
 "revising authority"; sub- 
 section (3) of section seven- 
 teen; sub-sections (7) and (8) 
 of section twenty-nine. 
 
ENACTMENTS REPEALED. 
 
 401 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 53 & 54 Viet, 
 c. 58. 
 
 54 & 55 Viet, 
 c. 11. 
 
 54 & 55 Viet, 
 c. 18. 
 
 54 & 55 Viet, 
 c. 49. 
 
 54 & 55 Viet, 
 c. 68. 
 
 56 & 57 Viet. 
 c. 73. 
 
 57 & 58 Viet, 
 c. 58. 
 
 The Parliamentary Regis 
 tration Expenses (Ire- 
 land) Act, 1890. 
 
 The Electoral Disabilities 
 Removal Act, 1891. 
 
 The Registration of Elec- 
 tors Act, 1891. 
 
 The Returning Officers 
 (Scotland) Act, 1891. 
 
 The County Councils (Elec- 
 tions) Act, 1891. 
 
 The Local Government 
 Act, 1894. 
 
 The Local Government 
 (Scotland) Act, 1894. 
 
 59 & 60 Viet. 
 c. 17. 
 
 61 & 62 Viet. 
 c. 2. 
 
 61 & 62 Viet. 
 c. 37. 
 
 62 & 63 Viet. 
 c. 14. 
 
 63 & 64 Viet, 
 c. 29. 
 
 63 & 64 Viet 
 c. 49. 
 
 3 Edw. 
 c. 34. 
 
 7, 
 
 The Glasgow Parliamen- 
 tary Divisions Act, 1896. 
 
 The Registration (Ireland) 
 Act, 1898. 
 
 The Local Government 
 (Ireland) Act, 1898. 
 
 The London Government 
 Act, 1899. 
 
 The London County Coun- 
 cil Electors Qualification 
 Act, 1900. 
 
 The Town Councils (Scot- 
 land) Act, 1900. 
 
 The Town Councils (Scot- 
 land) Act, 1903. 
 
 The whole Act so far as unre- 
 pealed. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 Phe whole Act. 
 
 ; j 
 
 Section three and the Schedule. 
 Section two. 
 
 Sections forty-three and forty- 
 four. 
 
 Sub -section (1) of section ten 
 from "provided that" to the 
 end of the sub-section; sections 
 eleven and twelve. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section ninety-eight except sub- 
 section (8); section one hun- 
 dred and nine from "The ex- 
 pression ' revising- barrister ' ' 
 to "1885." 
 
 Sub-section (4) of section three; 
 sub-section (1) of section four 
 from " and shall be " to " elec- 
 tors"; and sub-section (2) of 
 section twenty-seven. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section twenty-three from the 
 words "all persons who would 
 have been entitled" to the end 
 of the section; and sections 
 twenty-four to thirty -two. 
 
 Sections two and four. 
 
 F. 
 
402 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 8 Edw. 7, 
 c. 14. 
 
 8 Edw. 7, 
 c. 21. 
 
 8 Edw. 7, 
 c. 35. 
 
 8 Edw. 7, 
 c. 48. 
 
 1 & 2 Geo. 6, 
 c. 53. 
 
 4 & 5 Geo. 5, 
 c. 25. 
 
 The Polling Arrangements The whole Act. 
 (Parliamentary Bor- \ 
 oughs) Act, 1908. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 The Registration Act, 1908 
 
 The Polling Districts and 
 Registration of Voters 
 (Ireland) Act, 1908. 
 
 The Post Office Act, 1908. 
 
 The House Letting and 
 Rating (Scotland) Act, 
 1911. 
 
 The Electoral Disabilities 
 (Naval and Military 
 Service) Removal Act, 
 1914. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section eighty. 
 
 Section seven, proviso (3) from 
 the words "Provided that for 
 the purposes of any qualifica- 
 tion or franchise " to end of 
 that proviso; and section eight. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
REDISTRIBUTION. 403 
 
 NINTH SCHEDULE. Sections 
 
 20 (2), 37. 
 
 REDISTRIBUTION OF SEATS (a). 
 
 1. The names, contents, and boundaries of each par- 
 liamentary borough and county and division thereof shall 
 be as specified in this schedule . 
 
 2 . The areas mentioned in the second and last columns (6) 
 of this schedule shall be taken to be those areas as const!-* 
 tuted on the first day of October nineteen hundred and 
 seventeen: Provided that any misnomer or inaccurate de- 
 scription of any of those areas in those columns shall not in 
 any way prevent or abridge the operation of this Act with 
 respect to the subject of the description if it is so desig- 
 nated as to be commonly understood. 
 
 3. The wards mentioned in this schedule are, in rela- 
 tion to any borough in London, wards of the metropolitan 
 borough; in relation to any municipal borough, wards of 
 the municipal borough; and, in relation to any urban 
 district, wards of the urban district. 
 
 4. The expression "burgh," when used in this schedule, 
 means a burgh as bounded for police purposes on the first 
 day of October nineteen hundred and seventeen. 
 
 5. If any doubt arises as to the constituency in which 
 any parish, townland, ward, or other place, whether larger 
 or smaller than a parish, townland, or ward, is intended by 
 this schedule to be included, that doubt shall be determined 
 by the Local Government Board, or in Scotland by the 
 Secretary for Scotland. 
 
 (a) See sect. 37, pp. 282 283, supra. 
 (6) See note on next page. 
 
 26 (2) 
 
404 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 [NOTE. To save space, this Schedule is arranged as appears hereunder,. instead 
 of in columns as in the Act. The matter appearing under the heading Name of 
 Parliamentary Borough represents the first column, under the heading Contents of 
 Parliamentary Borough the second column, under the heading Total number of 
 Members for Parliamentary Borough the third column, under the heading Names of 
 Divisions of Parliamentary Borough the fourth column, and under the heading 
 Contents or Boundaries of Divisions the fifth or last column.] 
 
 PART I. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 
 
 (1) LONDON. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BATTERSEA. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Boroitgh. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Battersea. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Church, Latchmere, Nine Elms and Park Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Bolingbroke, Broomwood, St. John, Shaftesbury 
 and Winstanley Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BERMONDSEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Bermondsey. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 405 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 KOTHERHITHE. 
 
 St. John, St. Olave and St. Thomas Wards, Wards 
 numbers five and six, Bermondsey, and Wards 
 numbers one, two and three, Rotherhithe. 
 WEST BERMONDSEY. 
 
 Wards numbers one, two, three and four, Ber- 
 mondsey. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BETHNAL GREEN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Bethnal Green. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH EAST. 
 
 North and East Wards. 
 SOUTH WEST. 
 
 South and West Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CAMBERWELL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Camberwell. 
 
 Total Wumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 DULWICH. 
 
 Alleyn, College, Hamlet, Ruskin and St. John's 
 Wards. 
 
406 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. ; 
 
 Coburg, Marlborough, North Peckham and St. 
 George's Wards. 
 
 NORTH WEST. 
 
 Addington, Lyndhurst, St. Giles, Town Hall and 
 West Wards. 
 
 PECKHAM. 
 
 Clifton, Goldsmith, Nunhead, The Eye, Rye Lane 
 and St. Mary's Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CHELSEA. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 Metropolitan borough of Chelsea . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Sorough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Thames of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 City of London. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 407 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. % 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DEPTFOKD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Deptford. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 FINSBURY, 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Finsbury. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 FULHAM. 
 
 Contents o-f Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Fulham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Baron's Court, Lillie, Sands End and Walhani 
 Wards . 
 WEST. 
 
 Hurlingham, Margravine, Munster and Town 
 Wards. 
 
408 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, l9l8. 
 
 t (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GREENWICH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Greenwich. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HACKNEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Hackney. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Downs, Hackney and Kingsland Wards, and the 
 part of West Hackney Ward which lies to the south 
 and east of a line drawn along the middle of 
 Shackle well Lane. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Stamford Hill Ward, the part of Clapton Park 
 Ward which lies to the north of a line drawn along 
 the middle of Glenarm Eoad to its junction with 
 Glyn Road, thence along the middle of Glyn .Road 
 to its junction with Redwald Road, thence along 
 the middle of Redwald Road to its junction with 
 Maclaren Street, thence straight to the middle of 
 the nearest gate of the recreation grounds adjoin- 
 ing the premises in Daubeney Road, thence straight 
 to the borough boundary at a point fifty feet north 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 409 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 of a boundary post situate at the junction of the 
 Waterworks River with the River Lea at Lead 
 Mill Point, and the part of West Hackney Ward 
 which is not included in the Central Division. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Homerton and South Hackney Wards, and the part 
 of Clapton Park Ward which is not included in . 
 the North Division . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough, 
 
 HAMMERSMITH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Hammersmith. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Numbers four, five, six and seven Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Numbers one, two and three Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HAMPSTEAD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Hampstead. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
410 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HOLBORN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough, 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Holborn. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ISLINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Islington. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary ^Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Canonbury, Highbury and Mildmay Wards. 
 NORTH. 
 
 Tollington, Tufnell and Upper Hollo way Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Barnsbury, St. Mary and St. Peter Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Lower Holloway and Thornhill Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 KENSINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Kensington. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 411 
 
 (1 ) LONDON continued . 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions, 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Golborne, Norland, Pembridge and St. Charles 
 
 Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Brompton, Earl's Court, Holland, Queen's Gate 
 
 and Redcliffe Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LAMBETH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Lambeth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough, 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BRIXTON. 
 
 Stockwell Ward, the part of Brixton Ward which 
 is not included in the Kennington Division, the 
 part of Herne Hill Ward which lies to the north 
 of a line running from Coldharbour Lane along the 
 north side of the London, Brighton and South 
 Coast Eailway to Denmark Hill, and the part of 
 Tulse Hill Ward which lies to the north and west 
 of a line running along the middle of Brixton Hill 
 from Mill Lane to Water Lane, along the middle 
 of Water Lane to Effra Eoad, and along the middle 
 of Effra Road to Coldharbour Lane. 
 
 KENNINGTON. 
 
 Vauxhall Ward, the part of Brixton Ward which 
 lies to the north of a line running from Clapham 
 Road along the middle of Stockwell Park Road, 
 Grove Road, Brixton Road, Mostyn Road, Aker- 
 
412 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 man Road and Lothian Road and across Camber- 
 well New Road to Wyndham Road, and the part of 
 Prince's Ward which is not included in the North 
 Division . 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Bishop's and Marsh Wards, and the part of Prince's 
 Ward which lies to the north of a line running from 
 Vauxhall Bridge along the middle of Upper Ken- 
 nington Lane and Lower Kennington Lane to 
 Newington Butts. 
 
 NORWOOD. 
 
 Norwood Ward, and the part of each of the Herne 
 Hill and Tulse Hill Wards which is not included 
 in the Brixton Division. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEWISHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Lewisham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Blackheath, Church, Lewisham Park, Manor and 
 South Wards, and the part of each of the Catford 
 and the Lewisham Village Wards which lies to the 
 east of the centre of the Mid-Kent Branch of the 
 South-Eastern and Chatham Railway. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Brockley, Forest Hill and Sydenham Wards, and 
 the part of each of the Catford and the Lewisham 
 Village Wards which is not included in the East 
 Division. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 PADDINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Paddington. 
 
 Total mimber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 413 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Harrow Eoad, Queen's Park and Maida Vale 
 Wards, and the part of Church Ward which lies 
 to the north and east of a line commencing on the 
 ward boundary at the south side of the Weigh 
 Bridge at the eastern end of Westbourne Terrace 
 Eoad, and proceeding thence to and along the 
 southern side of the Grand Junction Canal to the 
 Harrow Eoad Bridge, thence along the middle of 
 Harrow Eoad to the borough boundary in Edg- 
 ware Eoad. 
 
 Hyde Park, Lancaster Gate East, Lancaster Gate 
 West and Westbourne Wards, and the part of 
 Church Ward which is not included in the North 
 Division . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 POPLAE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Poplar. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
414 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Bow AND BROMLEY. 
 
 Bow Central, Bow North, Bow South, Bow West, 
 Bromley North East, Bromley North West and 
 Bromley South West Wards. 
 
 SOUTH POPLAR. 
 
 Bromley Central, Bromley South East, Poplar 
 Cubitt Town, Poplar East, Poplar Millwall, Pop- 
 lar North West and Poplar West Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ST. MARYLEBONE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of St. Marylebone. 
 
 Total number of Members- for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ST. PANCRAS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of St. Pancras. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Wards numbers one and two, and the part of Ward 
 number three which lies to the north and west of 
 a line running along the middle of Camden Road 
 from a point where that road is intersected by the 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 415 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 eastern boundary of the metropolitan borough to 
 the point where that road crosses the Regent's Canal 
 and thence westward along the middle of that canal 
 to the western boundary of Ward number three. 
 
 SOUTH EAST. 
 
 Wards numbers six and eight, and the part of Ward 
 number three which is not included in the North 
 Division , 
 
 SOUTH WEST. 
 
 Wards numbers four, five and seven. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SHOEEDITCH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Shoreditch. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SOUTH WARE . 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of South wark. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 St. Mary's, St. Paul's and Trinity Wards, and the 
 part of the St. George's Ward which is not included 
 in the North and South East Divisions. 
 
416 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Christchurch, St. Jude's, St. Michael's and St. 
 Saviour Wards, and the part of the St. George's 
 Ward which lies to the north of a line drawn from 
 Tabard Street along^the middle of Wickham Place 
 and of the covered stream which passes between 
 the eastern end of Wickham Place and the borough 
 boundary in Staple Street. 
 
 SOUTH EAST. 
 
 St. John's and St. Peter's Wards, and the part of 
 St. George's Ward which lies to the south of a 
 line drawn along the middle of New Kent Road 
 and Tower Bridge Road. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 STEPNEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Stepney. 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 LlMEHOUSE. 
 
 Limehouse North, Limehouse South, Mile End 
 Old Town North East, Mile End Old Town South 
 East and Ratcliffe Wards. 
 
 MILE END. 
 
 Mile End Old Town Centre, Mile End Old Town 
 North, Mile End Old Town South, Mile End Old 
 Town West and Whitechapel East Wards. 
 
 WHITECHAPEL AND ST. GEORGE'S. 
 
 Mile End New Town, St. George-in-the-East 
 North, St. George-in-the-East South, Shadwell, 
 Spitalfields East, Spitalfields West, Whitechapel 
 Middle, Whitechapel South and Tower Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 417 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 STOKE NEWINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Stoke JSTewington. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names >of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WANDS WORTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Wandsworth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BALHAM AND TOOTING. 
 
 Tooting Ward and the part of Balham Ward which 
 in not included in the Clapham Division. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Fairfield and Springfield Wards. 
 
 CLAPHAM. 
 
 Clapham North and Clapham South Wards, and 
 the part of Balham Ward which lies to the east 
 and north of a line drawn from the point where the 
 northern boundary of that ward crosses Balham 
 Hill, along the middle of Balham Hill and Balham 
 High Eoad to a point in that road opposite the 
 middle of Ormeley Road, thence along the middle 
 of Ormeley Road to a point opposite the middle of 
 ,that road in Cavendish Road, and thence in a 
 F. 27 
 
418 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) LONDON continued. 
 
 southerly direction along the middle of Cavendish 
 Eoad to the middle of Emmanuel Road, thence 
 along the middle of Emmanuel Road to the ward 
 boundary near the western end of the last-named 
 road. 
 
 PUTNEY. 
 
 Putney and Southfields Wards. 
 
 STREATHAM. 
 
 The Streatham Ward. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Westminster. 
 
 Total member of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ABBEY. 
 
 Covent Garden, Great Maiiborough, Pall Mall, 
 Regent, St. Anne, St. John, St. Margaret, Strand, 
 and Charing Cross Wards, except the part of 
 Charing Cross Ward which is included in the St. 
 George's Division. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S. 
 
 Conduit, Grosvenor, Hamlet of Knightsbridge, 
 Knightsbridge St. George's and Victoria Wards, 
 and the part of Charing Cross Ward which lies to 
 the south and west of a line drawn from the ward 
 boundary at the centre of Wellington Arch, along 
 the middle of Constitution Hill, thence along the 
 middle of the road to the north and east of the 
 Queen Victoria Memorial, thence along the middle 
 of Spur Road to the boundary of St. Margaret 
 Ward. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 419 
 
 (1) 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WOOLWICH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Metropolitan borough of Woolwich . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Barrage, Central, Glyndon, St. Margaret's and St. 
 
 Nicholas Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Dockyard, Eltham, Herbert, River, St. George's 
 
 and St. Mary's Wards. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING LONDON AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ACCRINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Accrington and urban districts of Church, 
 Clayton -le-Moors, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Ashton-under-Lyne and urban district of 
 
 Hurst. 
 27(2) 
 
420 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE con td 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BARNSLEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Barnsley and urban districts of Ardsley, 
 Darton and Monk Bretton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One, 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BARROW-IN-FURNESS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Barrow-in-Furness. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Bath. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 421 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BATLEY AND MORLEY, 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ' Municipal boroughs of Batley, Morley and Ossett. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BIRKENHEAD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Birkenhead. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Argyle, Bebington, Clifton, Egerton and Mersey 
 Wards, together with the part of the borough which 
 lies between the eastern boundary of Argyle, Mersey 
 and Bebington Wards and the centre of the bed of 
 the River Mersey. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Claughton, Cleveland, Grange and Oxton Wards. 
 
422 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Birmingham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Twelve. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary "Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ASTON . 
 
 Aston Ward and Lozells Ward (except those, parts 
 which lie between the southern and south-eastern 
 boundaries thereof and the line next hereinafter de- 
 scribed) and the part of each of the All Saints and 
 St. Mary's Wards which lies to the north of the said 
 line. 
 
 The line above referred to commences at the south- 
 west corner of Lozells Ward in the middle of 
 Hunter's Road, continues south along the middle of 
 that road, the middle of Farm Street, Burbury 
 Street, Gordon Street, Berners Street, Clifford 
 Street, Guilclford Street, Paddington Street, Por- 
 chester Street, Summer Lane, Asylum Road, High 
 Street, Phillips Street, Aston Road North, White- 
 house Street, Chester Street and Avenue Road to 
 the middle of the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, 
 thence in a north-easterly direction along the middle 
 of the Canal to the point where the middle of the 
 Canal intersects the boundary of Aston Ward. 
 
 DERITEND. 
 
 St. Bartholomew's and St. Martin's and Deritend 
 Wards. 
 
 DUDDESTON. 
 
 Duddeston and Neehells Ward, St. Mary's Ward 
 (except the part thereof included in the Aston Divi- 
 sion), and so much of the portion of Aston Ward 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRECOW^. 
 which is not included in the Aston Division as lies 
 to the west of the London and North Western Rail- 
 way. 
 
 EDGE ASTON. 
 
 Edgbaston, Harborne and Market Hall Wards. 
 
 ERDIXGTON. 
 
 Erdington North, Erdington South and Washwood 
 Heath Wards, and the part of Aston Ward which 
 is not included in the Aston and the Duddeston 
 Divisions. 
 
 HANDSWORTH. 
 
 Handsworth, Sandwell and Soho Wards. 
 
 KING'S NORTON. 
 
 Northfield and Selly Oak Wards and the part of 
 King's Norton Ward which is not included in the 
 Moseley Division. 
 
 LADYWOOD. 
 
 Ladywood and Rotton Park Wards. 
 
 MOSELEY. 
 
 (a) Acocks Green and Sparkhill Wards; 
 
 (b) The parts of Balsall Heath and Sparkbrook 
 Wards which are not included in the Sparkbrook 
 Division; 
 
 (c) Moseley and King's Heath Ward (except the 
 part thereof included in the Sparkbrook Division); 
 and 
 
 (d) The part of King's Norton Ward which lies 
 to the north of Bells Lane and to the east and 
 south-east of the middle of Monyhull Hall Road 
 and Brandwood Road. 
 
 SPARKBROOK. 
 
 (a) Balsall Heath and Sparkbrook Wards (except 
 the parts thereof which lie to the south and east of 
 the line hereinafter described); and 
 
 (b) The part of Moseley and King's Heath Ward 
 which lies to the north of the last-mentioned line. 
 
424 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 The line referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) above 
 is a line commencing at the point where the boun- 
 dary between Balsall Heath, and Moseley and 
 Bong's Hetath Wardss intersects the middle of Mose- 
 ley Road, thence proceeding along the middle of 
 that road to Brighton Road, along the middle of 
 Brighton Road, Kingswood Road, Newport Road, 
 Church Road, Woodstock Road, and Anderton Park 
 Road to Stoney Lane, thence along the middle of 
 Stoney Lane to the middle of Stratford Road, thence 
 along the middle of that road, the middle of Wai- 
 ford Road and Golden Hillock Road to the middle 
 of the Birmingham and Warwick Canal, thence 
 southerly along the middle of that canal to the 
 middle of the Great Western Railway, thence along 
 the middle of that railway to its intersection with 
 the southern boundary of Sparkbrook Ward. 
 
 WEST BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 St. Paul's Ward, All Saints Ward (except the part 
 thereof included in the Aston Division) and the part 
 of Lozells Ward which is not included in the Aston 
 Division. 
 
 YARDLEY. 
 
 Saltley, Small Heath and Yardley Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BLACKBURN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Blackburn. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 425 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BLACKPOOL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Blackpool, urban districts of Bispham with 
 Norbreck, Lytham and St. Anne's-on-the-Sea, and the part 
 of the civil parish of Carleton which in pursuance of the 
 Blackpool Improvement Act, 1917, becomes part of the 
 county borough of Blackpool on 1st April, 1918. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BOLTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Bolton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BOOTLE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Bootle. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
426 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Bournemouth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BRADFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough c-f Bradford . 
 
 'Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borotigh. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 East, Exchange, Manningham, North, South and 
 
 West Wards. ' 
 EAST. 
 
 Bradford Moor, East Bowling, Tong and West 
 
 Bowling Wards. 
 NORTH. 
 
 Allerton, Bolton, Eccloshill, Heaton, Idle and 
 
 Thornton Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Great Horton, Lister Hills, Little Horton, North 
 
 Bierley East and North Bierley West Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 427 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BRIGHTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Brighton and municipal borough of Hove. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BRISTOL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary BorougJt. 
 
 County borough of Bristol. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Central East, Central West, Eedcliff, St. Augus- 
 tine, St. James, St. Paul, and St. Philip and Jacob 
 South Wards. 
 
 EAST;. 
 
 St. George East and St. George West Wards; the 
 part of Easton Ward which is bounded on the 
 north by a line commencing at the, junction of 
 Stapleton Road with the road leading to the Staple- 
 ton Road Railway Station and proceeding along the 
 middle of the last-mentioned road to the backs of 
 the houses in Berwick Road and Henrietta Street, 
 thence along the said backs of houses to St. Mark's 
 Avenue, along the middle of St. Mark's Avenue 
 and Bellevue Road to the southern end thereof, 
 thence in a straight line to the middle of King 
 Street, along the middle of King Street and Chel- 
 
428 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLANB, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 sea Park to the eastern boundary of the ward; and 
 the part of Somerset Ward which is bounded on 
 the west by a line commencing in the Biver Avon 
 at the north-west corner of the Castle Rope Works 
 and proceeding along the western boundary of those 
 works and the eastern boundary of Redcliff Ceme- 
 tery to Bath Road, thence along the middle of Bath 
 Road to the north-east corner of the Roman Catho- 
 lic Cemetery, thence along the eastern and southern 
 boundaries of that cemetery, thence in a southerly 
 direction along the western boundary of the en- 
 closure which adjoins the east side of Arno's Vale 
 Cemetery, thence in an easterly direction along the 
 southern boundary of the last-mentioned enclosure 
 for a distance of 200 feet, thence in a south-easterly 
 direction in a straight line to the junction of Ken- 
 sington Park Road and Lodway Road, and thence 
 along the middle of Lodway Road to the city boun- 
 dary in Talbot Road. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 District, St. Philip and Jacob North, and Staple- 
 ton Wards, and the part of Easton Ward which is 
 not included in the East Division. 
 
 Bedminster East, Beclminster West, and Southville 
 Wards, and the part of Somerset Ward which is 
 not included in the East Division. 
 
 Clifton North, Clifton South, Horfield, Holland, 
 St. Michael and Westbury on Trym Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Boroiigh. 
 
 BROMLEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Bromley and urban districts of Beckenham 
 
 and Penge. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 429 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BURNLEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Burnley. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BURY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Bury and urban district of Tottington, 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borouch of Cambridge . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
430 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIR 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CARLISLE. 
 
 .Contents of Parliamentary 
 
 County borough of Carlisle. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division*. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CHELTENHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Cheltenham and urban district of Charlton 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division* 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Coventry. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 431 
 
 '2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CROYDON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Croydon. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 N mnes of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 North, South Norwood and Upper Norwood Wards, 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Central, East, South and West Wards. 
 
 JVame of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DARLINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 County borough of Darlington. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Derby. 
 
432 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contcl. 
 
 Total member of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DEWSBUKY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Dewsbury. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DUDLEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Dudley and civil parish of Dudley Castle Hill, 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 EALING. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Baling . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 433 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 EAST HAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of East Ham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Manor Park, Plashet East and Plashet West Wards . 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Beckton and North Woolwich, Central East and 
 
 Central West Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ECCLES.' 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Eccles and urban district of Swinton and 
 
 Pendlebury. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 EDMONTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Edmonton. 
 F. 28 
 
4-'*4 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 EXETER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Exeter, including Exeter Castle Yard and 
 Devon County Prison and Constabulary Barracks. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GATESHEAD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Gateshead. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Gloucester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 435 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE ccmtd: 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GREAT YARMOUTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Great Yarmouth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GRIMSBY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Grimsby and urban district of Cleethorpes. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HALIFAX. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Halifax. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 28-(2) 
 
436 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 THE HARTLEPOOLS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of West Hartlepool and municipal borough of 
 
 Hartlepool. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HASTINGS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Hastings. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HORNSEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Hornsey. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. 'Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 437 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HUDDERSFIELD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Huddersfield. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 HYTHE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Hythe and Folkestone, the urban district 
 of Cheriton and so much of the urban district of Sandgate as 
 is not comprised in the municipal borough of Folkestone. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ILFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Ilford. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
438 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 IPSWICH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Ipswich. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 . Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 KINGSTON-UPON-HULL . 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Kingston-upon-Hull. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Beverley, East Central, My ton, Paragon, West 
 
 Central and Whitefriars Wards. 
 EAST. 
 
 Alexandra, Drypool and Southcoates Wards. 
 NORTH WEST. 
 
 Albert, Botanic, Newland and Park Wards. 
 SOUTH WEST. 
 
 Coltman, North Newington and South Newington 
 
 Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 KINGSTON-UPON-THAMES . 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Kingston-upon-Thames and urban districts 
 of Surbiton, and The Maidens and Coombe. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 439 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEEDS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Leeds. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRA'L. 
 
 Central, Mill Hill, South and West Wards; the 
 part of Brunswick Ward which lies to the south of 
 that part of the boundary of the ancient township 
 of Leeds which lies between the ward boundaries 
 in Buslingthorpe Lane and Chapeltown Road, the 
 part of Headingley Ward which lies to the east and 
 south of a line commencing at the ward boundary 
 where the North Eastern Railway Company's Leeds 
 Northern Line crosses the middle of the river Aire 
 and drawn along the middle of that railway to the 
 footbridge over the same at a point to the east of 
 the bandstand in Buiiey Recreation Ground, thence 
 in a straight line to the middle of the western end 
 of Alexandra Road, thence along the middle of 
 Alexandra Road to Hyde Park Road, thence in a 
 southerly direction along the middle of Hyde Park 
 Road to the ward boundary at the junction of that 
 road with Woodsley Road; and the part of North 
 West Ward which lies to the east and south of a 
 
440 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 line commencing at the ward boundary at the junc- 
 tion of Hyde Park Road and the back road nearly 
 opposite Hyde Park Terrace and drawn along the 
 middle of the said back road to Woodhouse Lane, 
 thence along the middle of Woodhouse Lane, St. 
 Mark's Street, St. Mark's Road and New Camp 
 Road to the ward boundary at the junction of the 
 last-named road, Servia Road and Servia Terrace. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 The parts of Brunswick, Headingley and North- 
 West Wards which are not included in the Central 
 Division, and the part of North Ward which is 
 not included in the North-East Division. 
 
 NORTH-EAST. 
 
 Roundhay, Seacroft, Shadwell and Crossgates 
 Ward; the part of North Ward which lies to the 
 east and south of a line commencing at a point in 
 the ward boundary in Harrogate Road opposite the 
 western corner of the Old Church Grave Yard and 
 drawn to and along the western, southern and eastern 
 walls of that graveyard to ia point immediately oppo- 
 site the south-eastern corner of the Old Church, 
 thence proceeding in a straight line to the middle 
 of the roadway at the head of the lake in Gledhow 
 Park, thence along the middle of the Gledhow Beck 
 to a point near Tan House Well where the beck 
 is joined by a stream which passes near the western 
 side of Allerton Grange, thence in a straight line 
 to a point in the eastern boundary of North Ward 
 where that boundary coming south from Oxley Hill 
 changes direction eastward near Donisthorpe House; 
 and the part of North-East Ward which is not in- 
 cluded in the South-East Division. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Holbeck and West Hunslet Wards, and the part of 
 New Wortley Ward which lies to the south and east 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 441 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 of a line commencing at the ward boundary where 
 the footpath leading from Gelderd Road to the 
 Upper and Lower Wortley Cemetery crosses the 
 Great Northern Railway Company's West Yorks 
 Railway and drawn along the middle of that rail- 
 way to the boundary between the New Wortley and 
 Holbeck Wards north-east of Holbeck Railway 
 Station. 
 
 SOUTH-EAST. 
 
 East and East Hunslet Wards and the part of 
 North- East Ward which lies to the west of Ac- 
 commodation Road from the ward boundary in Bur- 
 mantofts Street to the ward boundary in York Road. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Armley and Wortley and Bramley Wards, and the 
 part of New Wortley Ward which is not included 
 in the South Division. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEICESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Leicester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Belgrave, Latimer, Spinney Hill and West Hum- 
 
 berston Wards. 
 SOUTH. f 
 
 Aylstone, Castle, Charnwood, De Montfort, Knigh- 
 
 ton, Martin's and Wycliffe Wards. 
 WEST. i 
 
 Abbey, Newton, St. Margaret's, Westcotes and 
 
 Wyggeston Wards. 
 
442 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEIGH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Leigh and urban districts of Atherton and 
 Tyldesley-with-Shakerley . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEYTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Ley ton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Cann Hall, Grove Green, Harrow Green, Leyton- 
 
 stone, and Wanstead Slip Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Central, Forest. Lea Bridge and Leyton Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Lincoln and urban district of Bracebridge. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 443 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Liverpool. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Eleven. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST TOXTETH. 
 
 Aigburth, Granby, Sefton Park East and Sefton 
 Park West Wards. 
 
 EDGE HILL. 
 
 Edge Hill and Low Hill Wards, and the part of 
 Kensington -Ward which lies to the south and west 
 of a line drawn from the western boundary of the 
 ward along the middle of the road called Kensing- 
 ton to its junction with Holt Road, thence in a 
 southerly direction along the middle of Holt Road 
 to its junction with Edge Lane, and thence in an 
 easterly direction along the middle of Edge Lane 
 to the eastern boundary of the ward. 
 
 EVERTON. 
 
 Everton and Netherfield Wards. 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 Abercromby, Castle Street, Exchange, Great 
 George, St. Anne's and St. Peter's Wards, and the 
 part of Vauxhall Ward which lies south of a line 
 drawn from a point in the centre of the River 
 Mersey to the south side of the Prince's Half-Tide 
 Dock, thence in a southerly direction along the 
 Liverpool Overhead Railway to the middle of Deni- 
 
444 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 son Street, thence along the middle of Denison 
 Street to its junction with Great Howard Street, 
 thence in a southerly direction along the middle of 
 Great Howard Street and Old Hall Street to the 
 junction of the latter with Old Leeds Street, thence 
 along the middle of Old Leeds Street crossing the 
 Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to a point in 
 Pall Mall opposite the middle of Leeds Street, 
 thence in an easterly direction along the middle of 
 Leeds Street to its junction with Vauxhall Road, 
 thence in a southerly direction along the middle of 
 Vauxhall Road to its junction with Midghall Street, 
 thence along the middle of Midghall Street to the 
 ward boundary in Mary bone. 
 
 FAIRFIELD. 
 
 Fairfield and Old Swan Wards and the part of 
 Kensington Ward which is not included in the Edge 
 Hill Division. 
 
 KIRKDALE. 
 
 Kirkdale and St. Domingo Wards. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 North Scotland, Sandhills and South Scotland 
 Wards, and the part of Vauxhall Ward which is 
 not included in the Exchange Division . 
 
 WALTON. 
 
 Fazakerley, Walton and Warbreck Wards. 
 
 WAVERTREE. 
 
 Allerton Childwall and Little Woolton, Garston, 
 Much Woolton, Wavertree and Wavertree West 
 Wards. 
 
 WEST DERBY. 
 
 Anfield, Breckficld and West Derby Wards. 
 WEST TOXTETH. 
 
 Brunswick, Dingle and Prince's Park Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 445 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Manchester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ARDWICK. 
 
 Ardwick, New Cross and St. Mark's Wards. 
 BLACKLEY. 
 
 Blackley, Crumpsall and Moston Wards. 
 CLAYTON. 
 
 Beswick, Bradford and Newton Heath Wards. 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 Cheetham, Collegiate Church, Exchange, Oxford, 
 
 St. Ann's, St. Clement's and St. John's Wards, 
 
 and the part of St. Michael's Ward which lies to 
 
 the north-west of a line drawn along the middle of 
 
 Rochdale Road. 
 GORTON. 
 
 Gorton North, Gorton South and Openshaw Wards. 
 HULME. 
 
 Medlock Street, Moss Side West and St. George's 
 
 Wards. 
 Moss SIDE. 
 
 All Saints, Moss Side East and St. Luke's Wards. 
 PLATTING. 
 
 Colly-hurst, Harpurhey and Miles Platting Wards, 
 
 and the part of St. Michael's Ward which is not 
 
 included in the Exchange Division. 
 BUSHOLMB. 
 
 Levenshulme, Longsight and Rusholme Wards. 
 
 WlTHINGTON . 
 
 Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Didsbury and Withington 
 Wards. 
 
446 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 MIDDLESBROUGH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borotigh. 
 
 County borough of Middlesbrough . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Exchange, Grove Hill, Ormesby, St. Hilda's and 
 
 Vulcan Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Acklam, Ayrsome, Cannon, Cleveland, Linthorpe 
 
 and Newport Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 MORPETH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Morpeth, urban districts of Ashington, Bed- 
 lingtonshire and Blyth, and civil parishes of Hepscott, Mor- 
 peth Castle, Newminster and Tranwell. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Pa filamentary Borough. 
 
 NELSON AND COLNE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Colne and Nelson, urban districts of Bar- 
 rowford, Brierfield and Trawden, and the detached part of 
 the civil parish of Foulridgo which is bounded on the north, 
 west, and south by the municipal borough of Colne. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 447 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Barnes of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 NEWCASTLE-UNDEK-LYME. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme and urban districts 
 of Audley and Wolstanton United. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 ya-mes of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of -Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 NE WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE . 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Barnes of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 All Saints, St. John's, St. Nicholas, Stephenson 
 
 and Westgate Wards. 
 EAST. 
 
 Byker, St. Anthony's, St. Lawrence and Walker 
 
 Wards. 
 NORTH. 
 
 Dene, Heaton, Jesmond, St. Andrew's and St. 
 
 Thomas Wards. 
 
448 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 WEST. 
 
 Armstrong, Arthur's Hill, Ben well, Elswiek and 
 Fenham Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Northampton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 NORWICH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Norwich. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name oj Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Nottingham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 449 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Forest, Market, Robin Hood, St. Ann's and Sher- 
 wood Wards. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Byron, Manvers, Mapperley and St. Mary's Wards. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Bridge, Castle, Meadows and Trent Wards. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Broxtowe, St. Albans and Wollaton Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 OLDHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Oldham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliam&ntary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Oxford. 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliam&ntary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 F. 
 
 29 
 
450 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Plymouth. 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 DRAKE. 
 
 Drake's, Mount Eclgcumbe, Mutley, Pennycross, St. 
 
 Peter's, Stoke and Valletort Wards. 
 DEVONPORT. 
 
 Ford, Keyham, Molesworth, Nelson, St. Aubynand 
 
 St. Budeaux Wards. 
 SUTTON. 
 
 Charles, Compton, Friary, Laira, St. Andrew's, 
 
 Sutton and Vintry Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Portsmouth. 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Buckland, Fratton, Kingston, St. Mary and Town 
 Hall Wards. 
 NORTH. 
 
 Charles Dickens, Mile End, North End and Port- 
 sea Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 451 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Havelook, Highland, St. Paul, St. Simon and St. 
 Thomas Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 PRESTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 County borough of Preston and urban district of Fulwood. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary 'Boroiwh. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 READING. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Reading. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 I Names of Divisioms of 
 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Richmond and urban districts of Barnes 
 
 and Ham. 
 
 29 (2) 
 
452 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd, 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 'Name of- Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ROCHDALE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Rochdale. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of * 
 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 ROCHESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Chatham, Gillingham and Rochester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 GILLINGHAM. 
 
 Municipal borough of Gillingham, St. Mary Ward 
 of the borough of Chatham, and the part of the 
 municipal borough of Rochester which is. not in- 
 cluded in the Chatham Division. 
 
 CHATHAM. 
 
 Municipal borough of Rochester (except the part of 
 St. Peter's Ward which lies to the north and east of 
 a line drawn, in prolongation of that part of the 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 453 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 borough boundary which lias between St. Bartholo- 
 mew's Chapel and Boundary Wharf, to the borough 
 boundary in the Biver Medway), and Luton and St. 
 John Wards of the municipal borough of Chatham. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 BOSSENDALE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden and Bawtenstall. 
 
 Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 EOTHEBHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Botherham, and urban districts of Greasbrough 
 
 and Bawmarsh. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. 
 
 ST. HELEN'S. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of St. Helen's. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
454 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1984. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisidns of 
 Parliamentary 'Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 i Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 SALFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary borough. 
 County borough of Salford. 
 
 Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisidns of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Albert Park, Charlestown, Grosvenor, Kersal and 
 
 St. Matthias Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Crescent, Islington, Ordsall, Eegent, Trafford, 
 
 Trinity and Weaste Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Hope, St. Paul, St. Thomas and Seedley Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 SHEFFIELD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary \Borough. 
 
 County borough of Sheffield. 
 
 Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ATTERCLIFFE. 
 
 Attercliffe and Daraall Wards. 
 BRIGHTSIDE. 
 
 Brightside and Burngreave Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 455 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 St. Peter's and St. Philip's Wards, and the part 
 of Broomhall Ward which lies to the east of a line 
 drawn along the middle of Broomhall Street from 
 the point where that street intersects the northern 
 boundary of the ward to the point opposite the 
 middle of Hanover Street, thence along the middle 
 of Hanover Street to the southern boundary of the 
 ward. 
 
 ECCLESALL. 
 
 Ecclesall and Sharrow Wards. 
 
 HALLAM. 
 
 Crookesmoor and Hallam Wards, and the part of 
 Broomhall Ward which is not included in the Cen- 
 tral Division. 
 
 HlLLSBOROUGH. 
 
 Hillsborough, Neepsend and Walkley Wards. 
 PARK. 
 
 Heeley and Park Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SMETHWICK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Smethwick. 
 
 Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Thorough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary iBorough. 
 
 County borough of Southampton, urban district of Itchen, and 
 civil parish of Bitterne. 
 
456 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 > Total "number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 SOUTHEND-ON-SEA. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary \Borough. 
 
 County borough of Southend-on-Sea. 
 
 ' Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. (Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SOUTHPOET. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 County borough of Southport. . 
 Total plumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Division*. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SOUTH SHIELDS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary '\Borough. 
 
 County borough of South Shields. 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 457 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 STOCKPOKT. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 County borough of Stockport. 
 Total 'number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliame>ntary 'Borough. 
 
 STOCKTON-ON-TEES. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees and Thornaby-on-Tees. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ! Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 STOKE-ON-TEENT. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Stoke-on-Trent. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BURSLEM. 
 
 Numbers one, two, three, four, five, six, seven and 
 eight Wards. 
 
458 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 HANLEY. 
 
 Numbers nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, four- 
 teen, fifteen and sixteen Wards. 
 STOKE. 
 
 Numbers seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, 
 twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, 
 twenty-live and twenty-six Wards. 
 
 ' Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 SUNDERLAND. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 County borough of Sunderland and urban district of Southwick- 
 
 on-Wear. 
 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ' Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 TOTTENHAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary ^Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Tottenham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Lower, Middle and West Green Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Harringay, High Cross and St. Ann's Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 459 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 TYNEMOUTH. 
 
 of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Tynemouth. 
 
 Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WAKEFIELD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Waken 1 eld. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 WALLASEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 County borough of Wallasey. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
460 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliam&ntary 'Borough. 
 
 WALLSEND. 
 
 C&ntents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Wallsend and urban districts of Gosforth, 
 Longbenton and Weetslade. 
 
 Total number of Members -for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. 
 
 WALSALL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Walsall. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough, 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. 
 
 WALTHAMSTOW. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Walthamstow. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Hale End, Hoe Street and .Wood Street Wards, 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 461 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 WEST. 
 
 Iligham Hill, High Street and St. James Street 
 .Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WARRINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Warrington. 
 
 Total number of Members 'for Parliamentary Borough. 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WEDNESBURY. 
 
 'Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Wednesbury, and urban districts of Dar- 
 laston and Tipton. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Division^ of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliam&ntary Borough. 
 
 WEST BROMWICH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of West Bromwich 
 
462 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WEST HAM. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of West Ham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 PLAISTOW. 
 
 Hudsons and Plaistow Wards, and the. part of 
 Canning Town Ward which is not included in the 
 Silvertown Division. 
 
 SlLVERTOWN. 
 
 Custom House and Silvertown, and Tidal Basin 
 Wards, and the part of Canning Town Ward which 
 lies to the south and east of a line drawn from the 
 ward boundary in Hermit Eoad along the middle of 
 Star Lane to the middle of the Woolwich Branch 
 of the Great Eastern Eailway, thence southwards 
 along the middle of that railway to the ward boun- 
 dary in Barking Eoad. 
 
 .STRATFORD. 
 
 Broadway, Forest Gate, High Street and New Town 
 Wards. 
 
 UPTON. 
 
 Park, Upton and West Ham Wards. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 463 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WIGAN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Wigan. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary BorougTi. 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WILLESDEN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Willesden. 
 
 Total (number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Brondesbury Park, Cricklewood, Kensal Rise, Mid 
 
 Kilburn, North Kilburn and South Kilburn Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Church End, Harlesden*, Roundwood, Stonebridge 
 
 and Willesden Green Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WIMBLEDON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal borough of Wimbledon, and urban district of Merton 
 
 and Morden. 
 
 'Total number of Members for Parliamentary 'Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
464 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WOLVEBHAMPTON, 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Wolverhampton, and urban districts of Bil- 
 ston, Coseley, Heath Town or Wednesfield Heath, Sedgley, 
 Short Heath, Wednesfield and Willenhall. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BlLSTON. 
 
 Urban districts of Bilston, Coseley and Sedgley. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 St. James's, St. Mary's, and St. Peter's Wards of 
 the county borough of Wolverhampton, and urban 
 districts of Heath Town or Wednesfield Heath, 
 Short Heath, Wednesfield and Willenhall. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Blakenhall, Deinstall, Graiseley, Merridale, Park, 
 St. George's, St. John's, St. Mark's and St. Mat- 
 thew's Wards of the county borough of Wolver- 
 hampton . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 WOBCESTEB,. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Worcester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 465 
 
 (2) ENGLAND, excluding LONDON and MONMOUTHSHIRE contd. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 YORK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of York (with York Castle). 
 
 Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CARDIFF. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Cardiff, and urban district of Penarth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Division^ of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 Canton, Cathays, Central and Riverside\Wards of 
 
 county borough of Cardiff. 
 EAST. 
 
 Park, Roath and Splott Wards of county borough 
 
 of Cardiff. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Adamsdown, Grangetown and South Wards of 
 
 county borough of Cardiff and urban district of 
 
 Penarth . 
 F. 30 
 
466 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 CAENAEVON DISTEICT OF BOEOUGHS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Municipal boroughs of Bangor, Carnarvon, Con way and Pwllheli, 
 urban districts of Criccieth, Llandudno, Llanfairfechan and 
 Penmaenmawr, and civil parish of Nevin. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 MEETHYE TYDFIL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Merthyr Tydfil, and urban districts of Aber- 
 dare and Mountain Ash. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Barnes of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ABERDARE. 
 
 Urban districts of Aberdare and Mountain Ash. 
 MERTHYR. 
 
 County borough of Merthyr Tydfil. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borouafh. 
 
 NEWPOET. 
 
 Co>ntents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Newport. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 467 
 
 (3) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 RHONDDA. 
 
 ff 0n$ent* of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Urban district of Rhondda. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Numbers seven, eight, nine and ten .Wards, and the 
 part of number six Ward which is not included in 
 the West Division. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Numbers one, two, three, four and five Wards, and 
 the part of number six Ward which lies to the west 
 of the middle of the River Rhondda and is known as 
 Tonypandy. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 SWANSEA. 
 
 .Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County borough of Swansea. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 East, Landore, Morriston and St. John's Wards. 
 WEST. 
 
 Alexandra, Bryn Melyn, Castle, Ffynone, St. 
 
 Helen's and Victoria Wards. 
 30 (2) 
 
468 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 C&ntents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County of the City of Aberdeen. 
 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Greyfriars, St. Andrew, St. Clement, St. Machar, 
 Torry and Woodside Municipal Wards. 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Ferryhill, Rosemount, Rubislaw, Ruthrieston and 
 St. Nicholas Municipal Wards. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 AYR DISTRICT OF BURGHS. 
 
 .Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Ayr, Ardrossan, Irvine, Prestwick, Saltcoats, and 
 
 Troon. 
 
 Total tyumber of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Division^ of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DUMBARTON DISTRICT OF. BURGHS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Dumbarton and Clydebank. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 469 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Division's of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DUNDEE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County of the City of Dundee. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Two. 
 
 flames of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 DUNFERMLINE DISTRICT OF BURGHS. 
 
 ^ Tfontents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath, In verkei thing, and 
 Lochgelly. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions 0f 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 'Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 County of the City of Edinburgh and Burgh of Mueselburgh. 
 
470 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members -for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Five. 
 
 'Names of Divisions |o/ 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 George Square, St. Giles' and St. Leonard's Muni- 
 cipal Wards of Edinburgh. 
 
 EAST. 
 
 Burgh of Musselburgh and Canongate and Porto- 
 bello Municipal Wards of Edinburgh. 
 
 NORTH. 
 
 Broughton, Calton, St. Andrew's and St. Stephen's 
 Municipal Wards of Edinburgh. 
 
 SOUTH. 
 
 Merchiston, Morningside, and Newington Munici- 
 pal Wards of Edinburgh. 
 
 WEST. 
 
 Dairy, Gorgie, Hay market and St. Bernard's Muni- 
 cipal Wards of Edinburgh. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GLASGOW^. 
 
 Contents of P'a-l'wnientary Borough. 
 
 County of the City of Glasgow. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Fifteen. 
 
 Names of Divisions jo/ 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BRIDGETON. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the centre line of 
 London Road, where the road is crossed by the Cale- 
 donian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence south- 
 westward and southward along the centre line of 
 the said railway to where it joins the Caledonian 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 471 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 Railway Branch Line from Dalmarnock to Ruther- 
 glen, thence southward along the centre line of the 
 said last-mentioned railway to a point on the muni- 
 cipal boundary at the centre line of the River Clyde, 
 thence south-westward and north-westward along 
 the municipal boundary of the city to a point on the 
 centre line of the River Clyde about 77 yards south- 
 eastward from the centre of Rutherglen- Bridge, 
 thence westward, northward and westward along the 
 centre line of -the River Clyde to the centre of Albert 
 Bridge, thence northward along the centre line of 
 Saltmarket to the centre line of Gallowgate, thence 
 eastward along the centre line of Gallowgate to the 
 centre line of Abercromby Street, thence south- 
 westward along the centre line of Abercromby Street 
 to the centre line of Canning Street, thence eastward 
 along the centre line of Canning Street and London 
 Road to the point of commencement. 
 CAMLACHIE . 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a line 
 commencing at a point on the municipal boundary 
 on the south-east side of Cumbernauld Road where 
 that road is intersected by the east side of the Cale- 
 donian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence southward 
 along the municipal boundary to a point about 299 
 yards north-westward from the centre of Carntyne 
 Road, where the municipal boundary intersects that 
 road, thence north-westward to a point on the centre 
 line of the said railway 380 yards south of the 
 centre line of Cumbernauld Road, thence south- 
 westward and southward along the centre line of 
 the said railway to the centre line of London Road, 
 thence westward along the centre line of London 
 Road and Canning Street to the centre line of Aber- 
 cromby Street, thence north-eastward along the 
 centre line of Abercromby Street to the centre line 
 
472 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued). 
 of Gallowgate, thence westward along the centre line 
 of Gallowgate to the centre line of Sydney Street, 
 thence northward along the centre line of Sydney 
 Street to the centre line of Duke Street, thence 
 eastward along the centre line of Duke Street to the 
 centre line of Ark Lane, thence northward along 
 the centre line of Ark Lane and Firpark Street 
 to the centre line of Alexandra Parade, thence east- 
 ward and north-eastward along the centre line of 
 Alexandra Parade, and Curnbernauld Road to the 
 east side of the Caledonian Railway (Glasgow 
 Lines), thence southward to the point of commence- 
 ment. 
 CATHCART. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre of Kilmarnock Road, thence 
 northward along the centre line of Kilmarnock Road 
 to the centre line of the River Cart, thence south- 
 eastward and eastward along the centre line of the 
 River Cart to the centre line of Langside Road at 
 Millbrae Bridge, thence north-eastward along the 
 centre line of Langside Road, Millbrae Road and 
 Langside Road, to the centre line of the main avenue 
 in the Queen's Park near Victoria Infirmary, thence 
 northward along the centre line of the said main 
 avenue to the centre line of Queen's Drive, thence 
 northward along the centre line of Victoria Road 
 to the centre line of the Glasgow and South Western 
 Railway about 46 yards north of the centre line of 
 Butterbiggins Road, thence north-eastward along 
 the centre line of the said Glasgow and South 
 Western Railway to the centre line of the Cale- 
 donian Railway Main Line from Glasgow to 
 Rutherglen, thence south-eastward along the centre 
 line of the said Caledonian Railway to the muni- 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 473 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 cipal boundary, thence south-westward and west- 
 ward along the municipal boundary to the point of 
 commencement. 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 That portion of the city whicli is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point at the intersection of the 
 centre lines of Parliamentary Road and Castle 
 Street, thence southward along the centre line of 
 Castle Street to the centre line of Alexandra Parade, 
 thence eastward along the centre line of Alexandra 
 Parade to the centre line of Firpark Street, thence 
 southward along the centre line of Firpark Street 
 and Ark Lane to the centre line of Duke Street, 
 thence westward along the centre line of Duke Street 
 to the centre line of Sydney Street, thence south- 
 ward along the centre line of Sj^dney Street to the 
 centre line of Gallowgate, thence westward along 
 the centre line of Gallowgate to the centre line of 
 Saltmarket, thence southward along the centre line 
 of Saltmarket and Albert Bridge to the centre line 
 of the River Clyde, thence westward along the centre 
 line of the River Clyde to a point in line with the 
 centre line of McAlpine Street, thence northward 
 along the centre line of McAlpine Street, Pitt 
 Street and Scott Street to the centre line of New 
 City Road, thence south-eastward along the centre 
 line of New City Road and Cowcaddens to the centre 
 line of Buchanan Street, thence southward along the 
 centre line of Buchanan Street to the centre line of 
 Parliamentary Road, thence north-eastward along 
 the centre line of Parliamentary Road to the point 
 of commencement. 
 
 GORBALS. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre line of the River Clyde about 77 
 
474 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 yards east of the centre of Rutherglen Bridge, 
 thence south-westward along the municipal boun- 
 dary to the centre of the Caledonian Eailway Main 
 Line from Glasgow to Rutherglen, thence north- 
 westward along the centre line of the said Cale- 
 donian Eailway to the centre line of the Glasgow 
 and South Western Eailway, thence south-westward 
 along the centre line of the said Glasgow and South 
 Western Eailway to the centre line of Victoria Road, 
 thence northward along the centre line of Victoria 
 Eoad, Eglinton Street, Bridge Street and Glasgow 
 Bridge to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence 
 south-eastward along the centre line of the River 
 Clyde to the point of commencement. 
 
 Go VAN. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre of the River Clyde in line with 
 the continuation of the centre line of Balmoral 
 Street, thence eastward along tiie centre line of the 
 River Clyde to a point in line with the continua- 
 tion of the centre line of the portion of Govan 
 Eoad to the west of Princes Dock, thence southward 
 to and along the centre line of the said portion of 
 Govan Road, Whitefield Eoad, Church Eoad and 
 continuation thereof to the centre of the Glasgow 
 and Paisley Joint Eailway, thence westward along 
 the centre line of the said Glasgow and Paisley 
 Joint Eailway to the municipal boundary, thence 
 north-westward, northward, and eastward along the 
 municipal boundary to the point of commencement. 
 
 BILLHEAD. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point in the municipal boun- 
 dary at its intersection with the centre line of the 
 River Kelvin, thence south-eastward, southward and 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 475 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND con tinu ed. 
 south-westward along the centre line of the River 
 Kelvin to the centre line of the North British Rail- 
 way (Stobcross Branch), thence north-westward 
 along the centre of the said North British Railway 
 to its intersection with the municipal boundary, 
 thence north-eastward along the municipal boun- 
 dary to the point of commencement. 
 
 KELVINGROVE . 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point at the intersection of 
 the centre line of New City Road and Scott Street, 
 thence southward along the centre line of Scott 
 Street, Pitt Street and McAlpine Street and con- 
 tinuation thereof to the centre line of the River 
 Clyde, thence westward along the centre line of the 
 River Clyde to its intersection with the centre line 
 of the River Kelvin, thence north-eastward along 
 the centre line of the River Kelvin to the centre 
 line of Great Western Road, thence south-eastward 
 along the centre line of Great Western Road and 
 New City Road to the point of commencement. 
 
 MARYHILL. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre line of the North British Rail- 
 way (Edinburgh and Glasgow Line) about 327 
 yards north of the centre of Hawthorn Street, where 
 the said North British Railway intersects that 
 street, thence south-eastward and southward along 
 the centre of the said North British Railway to the 
 centre line of Keppochhill Road, thence south-west- 
 ward and westward along the centre Hue of Kep- 
 pochhill Road to the centre line of Saracen Street, 
 thence south-westward along the centre line of Fossil 
 Road to the centre line of the Forth and Clyde 
 Canal, thence north-westward along the centreline 
 
476 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 of the Forth and Clyde Canal to a point in line 
 with the centre line of Well Eoad, thence south- 
 westward along the centre line of Well Eoad to 
 the centre line of New City Eoad, thence westward 
 along the centre line of Eaeberry Street and Carl- 
 ton Gardens to the centre line of Belmont Street, 
 thence south-westward along the centre line of Bel- 
 mont Street to the centre line of the Elver Kelvin, 
 thence north-westward along the centre line of the 
 Eiver Kelvin to its intersection with the municipal 
 boundary, thence north-eastward and south-east- 
 ward along the municipal boundary to the point of 
 commencement. 
 
 PABTICK. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre line of the North British Eail- 
 way (Stobcross Branch), thence south-eastward 
 along the centre line of the said North British Eail- 
 way to the centre line of the Eiver Kelvin, thence 
 south-westward along the centre line of the Eiver 
 Kelvin to the centre line of the Eiver Clyde, thence 
 westward along the centre line of the Eiver Clyde, 
 to the municipal boundary, thence northward and 
 north-eastward along the municipal boundary to the 
 point of commencement. 
 
 POLLOK. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary at the centre line of the Glasgow and Paisley 
 Joint Eailway, thence eastward along the centre 
 line of the said Glasgow and Paisley Joint Eail- 
 way and the Caledonian Eailway to the centre line 
 of Shields Eoad, thence southward along the centre 
 line of Shields Eoad to the centre line of the Glasgow 
 and South Western Eailway (Paisley Canal Line), 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 477 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 thence eastward along the centre line of the said 
 Glasgow and South Western Railway to the centre 
 line of Eglinton Street, thence southward along the 
 centre line of Eglinton Street and Victoria Road 
 to the centre line of Queen's Drive, thence southward 
 along the centre line of the main avenue in the 
 Queen's Park to the centre line of Langside load, 
 thence south-westward along the centre line of 
 Langside Road to the centre line of Millbrae Road, 
 thence south-westward along the centre line of Mill- 
 brae Road and Langside Road to the centre line of 
 the River Cart at Millbrae Bridge, thence westward 
 and north-westward along the centre line of the 
 River Cart to the centre line of Kilmarnock Road, 
 thence southward along the centre line of Kilmar- 
 nock Road to the municipal boundary, thence north- 
 westward, south-westward, northward, westward 
 and northward along the municipal boundary to 
 the point of commencement. 
 ST. ROLLOX. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point at the intersection of 
 Springburn Road and Parliamentary Road, thence 
 south-westward along the centre line of Parliamen- 
 tary Road to the centre line of Buchanan Street, 
 thence northward along the centre line of Buchanan 
 - Street to the centre line of Cowcaddens, thence 
 north-westward along the centre line of Cow- 
 caddens, New City Road and Great Western Road 
 to the centre line of the River Kelvin, thence north- 
 ward along the centre line of the River Kelvin to 
 the centre line of Belmont Street, thence north-east- 
 ward along the centre line of Belmont Street to the 
 centre line of Carlton Gardens, thence eastward 
 along the centre line of Carlton Gardens and Rae- 
 berry Street to the centre line of New City Road, 
 
478 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 thence north-eastward along the centre line of Well 
 Eoad and continuation thereof to the centre line of 
 the Forth and Clyde Canal, thence south-eastward 
 along the centre line of the Forth and Clyde Canal 
 to the centre line of Fossil Koad, thence north-east- 
 ward along the centre line of Fossil Road to the 
 centre line of Saracen Street, thence eastward and 
 
 north-eastward along the centre line of Keppoch- 
 hill Eoad to the centre of the North British Rail- 
 way (Edinburgh and Glasgow Line), thence south- 
 westward along the centre line of the said North 
 British Eailway to the centre line of Fountainwell 
 Koad, thence south-eastward along the centre line 
 of Fountainwell Eoad to the centre line of Spring- 
 burn Eoad, thence southward along the centre line 
 of Springburn Eoad to the point of commencement. 
 
 SHETTLESTON. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 dary about 299 yards north-westward from the 
 centre of Carntyne Eoad, at a point where the muni- 
 cipal boundary intersects that road, thence east- 
 ward, south-eastward and westward along the muni- 
 cipal boundary to the centre of the Caledonian Eail- 
 way Branch Line from Eutherglen to Dalmarnock, 
 thence northward along the centre line of the said 
 railway until it joins the Caledonian Eailway 
 (Glasgow Lines), thence northward, north-east- 
 ward, northward and north-eastward along the 
 centre line of the last-mentioned railway to a point 
 380 yards south of the centre line of Cumbernauld 
 Eoad, thence south-eastward to the point of com- 
 mencement. 
 
 SPRINGBURN. 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the municipal boun- 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 479 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 dary on the south-east side of Curabernauld Road, 
 where that road is intersected by the east side of 
 the Caledonian Railway (Glasgow Lines), thence 
 northward to the centre line of Cumbernauld Road, 
 thence south-westward and westward along the 
 centre line of Cumbernauld Road and Alexandra 
 Parade to the centre line of Castle Street, thence 
 northward along the centre line of Castle Street 
 and Springburn Road to the centre line of Foun- 
 tainwell Road, thence north-westward along the 
 centre line of Fountainwell Road to the centre line 
 of the North British Railway (Edinburgh and Glas- 
 gow Line), thence northward along the centre line 
 of the said North British Railway to a point on 
 the municipal boundary about 327 j-ards north of 
 the centre of Hawthorn Street, where the said North 
 British Railway intersects that street, thence north- 
 ward, eastward, southward, eastward, southward, 
 westward, south-eastward and south-westward along 
 the municipal boundary to the point of commence- 
 ment. 
 TRADESTON . 
 
 That portion of the city which is bounded by a 
 line commencing at a point on the centre of Glas- 
 gow Bridge at the centre line of the River Clyde, 
 thence southward along the centre line of Glasgow 
 Bridge, Bridge Street and Eglinton Street to the 
 centre line of the Glasgow and South Western Rail- 
 way at Eglinton Street Station, thence westward 
 along the centre line of the Glasgow and South 
 Western Railway (Paisley Canal Line) to the centre 
 line of Shields Road, thence northwards along the 
 centre line of Shields Road to the centre line of the 
 Caledonian Railway, thence westward along the 
 centre line of the said Caledonian Railway and the 
 Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway to a point in 
 
480 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 line with the centre line of Church Road, thence 
 northward along the centre line of Church Road, 
 Whiteh'eld Road, and the portion of Go van Road to 
 the west of Princes Dock and continuation thereof 
 to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence east- 
 ward along the centre line of the River Clyde to 
 the point of commencement. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 GREENOCK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burgh of Green ock. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions vf 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 KIRKCALDY DISTRICT OF BURGHS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Kirkcaldy, Buckhaven Methil and Innerleven, Burntis- 
 land, Dysart and Kinghorn. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 LEITH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burgh of Leith. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS. 481 
 
 (4) BOROUGHS IN SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions pf 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 MONTROSE DISTRICT OP BURGHS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar and Inverbervie, 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions -of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 PAISLEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burgh of Paisley. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions pf 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 STIRLING AND FALKIRK DISTRICT OP BURGHS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Burghs of Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Borough. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 F. 31 
 
482 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 PAKT II. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Bedford. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 The rural districts of Bedford and Eaton Socon, 
 the municipal borough of Bedford, and the urban 
 district of Kempston. 
 
 LUTON. 
 
 The rural district of Luton, and the municipal 
 boroughs of Dunstable and Luton. 
 
 MID. 
 
 The rural districts of Ampthill, Biggleswade, and 
 Eaton Bray, and the urban districts of Ampthill, 
 Biggleswade, and Leigh ton Buzzard. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BERKS. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Berks. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ABINGDON. 
 
 The rural districts of Abingdon, Wallingford, and 
 Wantage, the part of the rural district of Bradfield 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 483 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Ashamp- 
 stead, Basildon, Frilsham, Streatley, and Yatten- 
 don, the part of the rural district of Faringdon 
 which is within the administrative county of Berks, 
 the municipal boroughs of Abingdon and Walling- 
 ford, and the urban district of Wantage. 
 
 NEW BURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Hungerford and Newbury, 
 the part of the rural district of Bradfield which is 
 not included in the Abingdon Division, the part 
 of the rural district of Wokingham which is not in- 
 cluded in the Windsor Division, and the municipal 
 boroughs of Newbury and Wokingham. 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 The rural districts of Cookham, Easthampstead, and 
 Windsor, the part of the rural district of Woking- 
 ham which consists of the civil parishes of Remen- 
 ham, Ruscombe, Twyford, and Wargrave, and the 
 municipal boroughs of Maidenhead and New 
 Windsor. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BUCKS. 
 
 (Contents of Parliamentary 
 
 The administrative county of Bucks. 
 
 Total number of Members fo>r Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 AYLESBURY. 
 
 The rural district of Amersham, the part of the 
 rural district of Aylesbury which is not included 
 in the Buckingham Division, the part of the rural 
 district of Long Crendon which consists of the 
 81 (2) 
 
484 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 civil parish of Towersey, the part of the rural dis- 
 trict of Wycornbe which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Bledlow, Bradenham, Ellesborough, Great and 
 Little Hampden, Great and Little Kimble, Hor- 
 senden, Hughenden, Ilmer, Monks Bisborough, 
 Princes Bisborough, Radnage, Saunderton, and 
 Wendover, the municipal borough of Aylesbury, 
 and the urban districts of Beaconsfield and Ches- 
 ham. 
 
 BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Buckingham, Newport Pag- 
 n'ell, Stratford and Wolverton, Wing, and Winslow, 
 the part of the rural district of Aylesbury which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Ashenden, Chears- 
 ley, Grendon Underwood, Kingswood, Ludgershall, 
 Woodham, and Wotton Underwood, the part of the 
 rural district of Long Grendon which is not in- 
 cluded in the Aylesbury Division, the municipal 
 borough of Buckingham, and the urban districts of 
 Bletchley, Newport Pagnell, and Linslade. 
 
 WYCOMBE . 
 
 The rural districts of Eton and Hambledon, the 
 part of the rural district of Wycombe which is not 
 included in the Aylesbury Division, the municipal 
 borough of Chepping Wycombe, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Eton, Mario w, and Slough. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Cambridge, exclusive of the part 
 thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Cambridge. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 'Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 485 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Chester and the county borough of 
 
 Chester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Nine. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ALTRINCHAM. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Bucklow which is 
 not included in the Knutsford Division, and the 
 urban districts of Altrincham, Ashton-upon- 
 Mersey, Bowdon, Cheadle and Gatley, Hale, Hand- 
 forth, Lymm, and Sale. 
 
 CITY OF CHESTER. 
 
 The rural district of Chester, the county borough 
 of Chester, and the urban district of Hoole. 
 
 CRE\VE. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Congleton which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Arclid, Betchton, 
 Church Lawton, Hassall, Moreton-cum-Alcumlow, 
 Odd Rode, Smallwood, and Wheelock, the part of 
 the rural district of Nantwich which consists of 
 the civil parishes of Barthomley, Basford, Church 
 Coppenhall, Chorlton, Crewe, Haslington, Hough, 
 Rope, Shavington-cum-Gresty, Stapeley, Weston, 
 Willaston, Wistaston, and Wybunbury, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Crewe, and the urban districts of 
 Alsager and Nantwich. 
 
 EDDISBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Malpas and Tarvin, the part 
 of the rural district of Nantwioh which is not in- 
 cluded in the Crewe Division, the part of the rural 
 
486 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 district of Northwich which consists of the: civil 
 parishes of Crowton, Cuddington, Darnhall, Dela- 
 mere, Eddisbury, Little Budworth, Marton, Oak- 
 mere, and Wimboldsley, the part of the rural dis- 
 trict of Runcorn which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Alvanley, Frodsham, Frodsham Lordship, 
 Helsby, Kingsley, Kingswood, Mauley, Newton- 
 by-iFrodshain, and Norley, and the urban district 
 of Tarpoiiey. 
 
 KNIITSFORD. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Bucklow which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Aston-by-Bud worth, 
 Bexton, Marthall-cum-Warford, Mere, Mobberley, 
 Ollerton, Peover Inferior, Peover Superior, Pick- 
 mere, Plumley, Styal, Tabley Inferior, Tabley 
 Superior, Tatton, and Toft; the part of the rural 
 district of Congleton which is not included in the 
 Crewe, Macclesfield, and Northwich Divisions; the 
 part of the rural district of Macclesfield which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Adlington, Butley, 
 Capesthorne, Chelford, Chorley, Fallibroome, Great 
 Warford, Lower Withington, Marton, Mottram St. 
 Andrew, Nether Alderley, Newton, Old Withing- 
 ton, Over Alderley, Poynton-with-Worth, Prest- 
 bury, Siddington, Snelson, Tytherington, Upton, 
 and Woodford; the part of the rural district of 
 Northwich which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Allostock, Byley, Lach Dennis, Lostock Gralam, 
 Nether Peover, Rudheath, Sproston, and Whatcroft, 
 the part of the rural district of Runcorn which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Acton Grange, Antro- 
 bus, Appleton, Crowley, Daresbury, Grappenhall, 
 Hatton, Higher Whitley, Keckwick, Latchford 
 Without, Lower Whitley, Moore, Newton by Dares- 
 bury. Preston on the Hill, Seven Oaks, Stockton 
 Heath, Stretton, Thelwall, Walton Inferior, and 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 487 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Walton Superior; and the urban districts of Alder- 
 ley Edge, Bollington, Hazel Grove and Bramhall, 
 Knutsford, and Wilmslow. 
 
 MACCLESFIELD. 
 
 The rural district of Disley, the part of the rural 
 district of Congleton which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Hulmo Walfield and Newbold Astbury, 
 the part of the rural district of Macclesfield which 
 is not included in the Knutsford Division, the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Congleton and Macclesfield, and 
 the urban districts of Bredbury and Romiley, Bug- 
 lawton, Compstall, Marple, and Yeardsley-cum- 
 Whaley. 
 
 NORTHWICH. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Congleton which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Bradwall, Elton, 
 Moston, and Tetton, the part of the rural district 
 of Northwich which is not included in the Edclis- 
 bury and Knutsford Divisions, the part of the rural 
 district of Euncorn which is not included in the 
 Eddisbury and Knutsford Divisions, and the urban 
 districts of Middlewich, Northwich, Runcorn, Sand- 
 bach, and Winsford. 
 
 STALYBRIDGE AND HYDE. 
 
 The rural district of Tintwistlc, the municipal 
 boroughs of Dukinfield, Hyde, and Stalybridge, and 
 the urban districts of Hollingworth and Mottram 
 in Longendale. 
 
 WlRRAL. 
 
 The rural district of Wirral, and the urban districts 
 of Bromborough, Ellesmcre Port and Whitby 
 Higher Bebington, Hoylake and West Kirby. 
 Lower Bebington, and Xeston and Parkgate. 
 
488 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 'Contents vf Parliamentary C aunty. 
 
 The administrative county of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Pive. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BODMIN. 
 
 The rural districts of Liskeard and St. Germans, 
 the part of the rural district of Bodmin which is 
 not included in the Northern Division, the part of 
 the rural district of St. Austell which consists of 
 the civil parishes of St. Sampson and Tywardreath, 
 the municipal boroughs of Bodmin, Fowey, Lis- 
 keard, Lostwithiel, and Saltash, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Callington, Looe, and Torpoint. 
 
 CAMBORNE. 
 
 The rural district of Redruth, the part of the rural 
 district of East Kerrier which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Constantine, Mabe, and Perranarwor- 
 thal, the part of the rural district of Helston which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Crowan and Wen- 
 dron, the part of the rural district of Truro which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Kea, Kenwyn Rural, 
 Perranzabuloe, St. Agnes, St. Allen, and Trega- 
 vethan, the municipal borough of Helston, and the 
 urban districts of Camborne, Hayle, Phillack, and 
 Redruth. 
 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Calstock, Camelford, Laun- 
 ceston, St. Columb Major, and Stratton, the part 
 of the rural district of Holsworthy which is within 
 the administrative county of Cornwall, the part of 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 489 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 the rural district of Bodmin which consists of the 
 civil parishes of Egloshayle, St. Endellion, St. 
 Kew, St. Minver Highlands, and St. Minver Low- 
 lands, the municipal borough of Launceston, and 
 the urban districts of Newquay, Padstow, Strat- 
 ton and Bude, and Wadebridge. 
 
 PENRYN AND EALMOUTH. 
 
 The part of the rural district of St. AusteH. which 
 is not included in the Bodmin Division, the part of 
 each of the rural districts of East Kerrier and Truro 
 which is not included in the Camborne Division, 
 the municipal boroughs of Ealmouth, Penryn, and 
 Truro, and the urban district of St. Austell. 
 
 ST. IVES. 
 
 The rural district of West Penwith, the part of the 
 rural district of Helston which is not included in the 
 Camborne Division, the municipal boroughs of Pen- 
 zance and St. Ives, the urban districts of Ludgvan, 
 Madron, Paul, and St. Just, and the Seilly Isles. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 .CUMBERLAND.- 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 The administrative county of Cumberland. 
 
 Tlotal dumber bf Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Co.unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Brampton, Carlisle, and Long- 
 town, the part of the rural district of Wigton which 
 is not included in the Workington Division, and 
 the urban districts of Holme Cultram and Wigton. 
 
490 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 PENRITH AND COCKERMOUTH . 
 
 The rural districts of Alston with Garrigill and 
 Penrith, the part of the rural district of Cocker- 
 mouth which is not included in the Working-ton 
 Division, and the urhan districts of Cockermouth, 
 Keswick, and Penrith. 
 
 WHITEHAVEN. 
 
 The rural district of Bootle, the part of the rural 
 district of Whitehaven which is not included in the 
 Workington Division, the municipal borough of 
 Whitehaven, and the urban districts of Cleator 
 Moor, Egremont, and Millom. 
 
 WORKINGTON. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Cockermouth which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Broughton, Brough- 
 ton Moor, Camerton, Crosscanonby, Dearham, 
 Flimby, Great Clifton, Little Clifton, Oughterside 
 and Allerby, Ribton, Seaton, Stainburn, Winscales, 
 and Workington Rural, the part of the rural dis- 
 trict of Whitehaven which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Distington, Moresby, and Weddicar, the 
 part of the rural district of Wigton which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Allonby, Hay ton and Mealo, 
 and West Newton, the municipal borough of Work- 
 ington, and the urban districts of Aiiecdon and 
 Frizington, Aspatria, Harrington, and Maryport. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 . Contents of Parliamentary Comity. 
 
 The administrative county of Derby. 
 
 Total member of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Eight. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 491 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BELPER. 
 
 The rural district of Belper, the part of the rural 
 district of Kepton which 'is not included in the 
 Southern and Western Divisions, and the urban 
 districts of Alfreton, Belper, and Heage. 
 
 CHESTERFIELD . 
 
 The part of the rural district of Chesterfield which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Barlow, Briming- 
 ton, Calow, Hasland, Sutton-cum-Duckmanton, 
 Tapton, Temple Normanton, and Wingerworth, the 
 municipal borough of Chesterfield, and the urban 
 districts of Brampton and Walton and Whitting- 
 ton and Newbold. 
 
 CLAY CROSS. 
 
 The rural district of Blackwell, the part of the 
 rural district of Chesterfield which is not included 
 in the North Eastern and Chesterfield Divisions, 
 and the urban district of Clay Cross. 
 
 HIGH PEAK. 
 
 The rural district of Chapel-en-le-Frith (except the 
 two detached parts of the civil parish of Derwent 
 which are bounded on the west by the civil parish 
 of Hathersage), the rural districts of Glossop Dale 
 and Hayfield, the portion of the rural district of 
 Bakewell which consists of the two detached parts 
 of the civil parish of Outseats which are bounded 
 on three sides by the civil parish of Derwent, the 
 municipal boroughs of Buxton and Glossop, and 
 the urban district of New Mills. 
 
 ILKESTON. 
 
 The rural district which consists of the civil par- 
 ishes of Codnor Park and Shipley, the municipal 
 borough of Ilkeston, and the urban districts of 
 Heanor and Ripley. 
 
492 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 NORTH EASTERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Clowne and Norton, the part 
 of the rural district of Chesterfield which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Beighton, Coal Aston, Dron- 
 field Woodhouse, Eckington, Holmesfield, Killa- 
 marsh, Staveley, and tinstone, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Bolsover and Dronfield. 
 
 SOUTHERN . 
 
 The rural districts of Hartshorn and Seals and 
 Shardlow, the part of the rural district of Bepton 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Caldwell, 
 Castle Gresley, Catton, Coton in the Elms, Drake- 
 low, Linton, Lullington, Rosliston, and Walton- 
 upon-Trent, and the urban districts of Alvaston 
 and Boulton, Long Eaton, and Swadlincote District. 
 
 WESTERN . 
 
 The rural districts of Ashbourno and Sudbury, the 
 rural district of Bakewell (except the two detached 
 parts of the civil parish of Outseats which are 
 bounded on three sides by the civil parish of Der- 
 went), the part of the rural district of Bepton which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Barton Blount, 
 Church Broughton, Foston and Scropton, Hatton, 
 Hilton, Hoon, Mars ton -on -Dove, Osleston and 
 Thurvaston, and Sutton-on-the-Hill, the part of the 
 rural district of Chapel-en-le-Frith which consists 
 of the two detached parts of the civil parish of Der- 
 went bounded on the west by the civil parish of 
 Hathersage, and the urban districts of Ashbourne, 
 Bakewell, Baslow and Bubnell, Bonsall, Matlock, 
 Matlock Bath and Scarthin Nick, North Darley, 
 South Darley, and Wirksworth. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 493 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE oontinued r . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DEVON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Devon. 
 
 Total 'number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 Names of Divisions jpf 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BARN STAPLE. 
 
 The rural districts of Barnstaple and Bideford (in- 
 cluding Lundy Island), the municipal boroughs of 
 Barnstaple and Bideford, and the urban districts 
 of Ilfracombe, Lynton, and Northam. 
 
 HOXITON . 
 
 The rural districts of Axminster and Honiton, the 
 part of the rural district of St. Thomas which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Aylesbeare, Bicton, 
 Clyst Honiton, Clyst St. George, Clyst St. Mary, 
 Colaton Raleigh, East Budleigh, Farringdon, 
 Lympstone, Newton Poppleford, Otter ton, Rock- 
 beare, Sowton, and Woodbury, the municipal 
 borough of Honiton, and the urban districts of Ax- 
 minster, Budleigh Salterton, Exmouth, Ottery St. 
 Mary, Seaton, and Sidmouth. 
 
 SOUTH MOLTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Crediton, Okehampton, South 
 Molton, and Torrington, the municipal boroughs of 
 Great Torrington, Okehampton and South Molton, 
 and the urban district of Crediton. 
 
 TAVTSTOCK. 
 
 The rural districts of Broadwoodwidger, Plymp- 
 ton St. Mary, and Tavistock, the part of the rural 
 district of Holsworthy which is within the adminis- 
 trative county of Devon, and the urban districts of 
 Holsworthy, Ivybridge, and Tavistock. 
 
494. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 TlVERTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Oulmstock and Tiverton, the 
 part of the rural district of Newton Abbot which 
 consists of the civil parish of West Dawlish, the 
 part of the rural district of St. Thomas which is 
 not included in the Honiton Division, the municipal 
 borough of Tiverton, and the urban districts of 
 Bampton and Dawlish. 
 
 TORQUAY. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Newton Abbot 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Cockington 
 and Stokeinteignhead, the part of the rural district 
 of Totnes which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Churston Ferrers, Kingswear, Marldon, and Stoke 
 Gabriel, the municipal boroughs of Dartmouth and 
 Torquay, and the urban districts of Brixham and 
 Paignton. 
 
 TOTNES. 
 
 The rural district of Kingsbridge, the part of the 
 rural district of Newton Abbott which is not in- 
 cluded in the Tiverton and Torquay Divisions, the 
 part of the rural district of Totnes which is not 
 included in the Torquay Division, the municipal 
 borough of Totnes, and the urban districts of Ash- 
 burton, Buckfastleigh, Kingsbridge, Newton Abbot, 
 Salcombe, and Teignmouth. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DORSET. 
 
 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Dorset. 
 
 Toil number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 Pour. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 495 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 es of Divisio 
 \mentary Co. 
 
 EASTERN. 
 
 Names of Divisions .of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 The rural district of Poole, the part of the rural 
 district of Wimborne and Cranborne which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Aimer, Chalbury, Colehill, 
 Corfe Mullen, Hampreston, Hinton Martell, Hinton 
 Parva, Holt, More Critchel, Pamphill, Shapwick, 
 Sturminster Marshall, West Parley, and Witchamp- 
 ton, the municipal borough of Poole, and the urban 
 district of Wimborne Minster. 
 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Blandford, Shaftesbury, Sher- 
 borne, and Sturminster, the part of the rural district 
 of Wimborne and Cranborne which is not included 
 in the Eastern Division, the municipal boroughs of 
 Blandford Forum and Shaftesbury, and the urban 
 district of Sherborne. 
 
 SOUTHERN. 
 
 The rural district of Wareham and Purbeck, the 
 part of the rural district of Weymouth which is not 
 included in the Western Division, the municipal 
 boroughs of Wareham and Weymouth and Mel- 
 combe Regis, and the urban districts of Portland 
 and Swanage. 
 
 WESTERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Beaminster, Bridport, Cerne 
 and Dorchester, the part of the rural district of 
 Weymouth which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Abbotsbury, Langton Herring and Portisham, and 
 the municipal boroughs of Bridport, Dorchester, and 
 Lyme Regis. 
 
496 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE -continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 'Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Durham exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary (Bounty. 
 
 Eleven. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BARNARD CASTLE. 
 
 The rural districts of Barnard Castle and Wear- 
 dale, the part of the rural district of Auckland 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Hamsteiiey 
 and South Bedburn, the part of the rural district 
 of Lanchester which is not included in the Consett 
 and Spennymoor Divisions, and the urban districts 
 of Barnard Castle and Stanhope. 
 
 BISHOP AUCKLAND. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Auckland which 
 is not included in the Barnard Castle and Spenny- 
 moor Divisions, and the urban districts of Bishop 
 Auckland and Shildon. 
 
 BLAYDON. 
 
 The urban districts of Blaydon, Eyton, Tanfield, 
 and Whickham . 
 
 CHESTER-LE-STREET . 
 
 The rural district of Chester-le-Street, and the 
 urban district of Chester-le-Street. 
 
 CONSETT. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Lanchester which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Craghead, Ebch es- 
 ter, Healeyfield, Knitsley, and Medomsley, and the 
 urban districts of Annfield Plain, Benfieldside, Con- 
 sett, Leadgate, and Stanley. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 497 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 The rural district of Durham (except the civil 
 parish of Brancepeth), the part of the rural district 
 of Houghton-le-Spring which consists of the civil 
 parishes of East Eainton, Great Eppleton, Little 
 Eppleton, Moor House, Moorsley, and West Kain- 
 ton, the municipal borough of Durham, and the 
 urban district of Hetton. 
 
 HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING . 
 
 The rural districts of South Shields and Sunder- 
 land, the part of the rural district of Houghton-le- 
 Spring which is not included in the Durham Divi- 
 sion, and the urban district of Houghton-le-Spring. 
 
 J ARROW. 
 
 The municipal borough of Jarrow, and the urban 
 districts of Felling and Hebburn. 
 
 SEAHAM . 
 
 The rural district .of Easington, and the urban dis- 
 trict of Seaham Harbour. 
 
 SEDGEFIELD . 
 
 The rural districts of Darlington, Hartlepool, 
 Sedgefield, and Stockton. 
 
 SPENNYMOOR. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Auckland which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Helmington Row, 
 Hunwick and Helmington, and North Bedburn, the 
 part of the rural district of Durham which con- 
 sists of the civil parish of Brancepeth, the part of 
 the rural district of Lanchester which consists of 
 the civil parish of Hedleyhope, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Brandon and Byshottles, Crook, Spenn\ - 
 moor, Tow Law, and Wellington. 
 
 F. 32 
 
498 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Essex exclusive of the parts thereof 
 comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 Eight. 
 
 Names of Divisiom of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CHELMSFORD. 
 
 The rural districts of Chelmsford and Ongar, the 
 part of the rural district of Billericay which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Hutton, Ingrave, 
 Mountnessing, Shenfield, and South Weald, the 
 municipal borough of Chelmsford, and the urban 
 district of Brentwood. 
 
 COLCHESTER. 
 
 The rural district of Lexden and Winstree (except 
 the detached part of the civil parish of Inworth 
 which is wholly surrounded by the civil parishes 
 of Great Braxted and Kelvedon), and the municipal 
 borough of Colchester. 
 
 EPPING. 
 
 :The rural district of Epjnng, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Buckhurst Hill, Chingford, Epping, 
 Loughton, Waltham Holy Cross, Wanstead, and 
 .Woodford. 
 
 HARWICH. 
 
 The rural district of Tendring, the municipal 
 borough of Harwich, and the urban districts of 
 Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton- 
 on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe. 
 
 MALDON. 
 
 The rural district of Braintree (with the detached 
 part of the civil parish of Inworth which is wholly 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 499 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 surrounded by the civil parishes of Great Braxted 
 and Kelvedon), the rural district of Maldon, the 
 municipal borough of Maldon, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Braintree, Burnham-on-Crouch, and 
 Witham. 
 
 BOMFORD. 
 
 The rural district of Romford, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Barking Town and Romford. 
 
 SAFFRON WALDEN. 
 
 The rural districts of Belchamp, Bumpstead, Dun- 
 mow, Halstead, Saffron Walden, and Stansted, the 
 municipal borough of Saffron Walden, and the urban 
 district of Halstead. 
 
 SOUTH-EASTERN . 
 
 The rural districts of Orsett and Rochf ord, the part 
 of the rural district of Billericay which is not in- 
 cluded in the Chelmsford Division, and the urban 
 districts of Grays Thurrock, Shoeburyness, and 
 Tilbury. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County, 
 
 The administrative county of Gloucester exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Cheltenham. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Co.unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ClRENCESTER AND TEWKESBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Campden, Cirencester, Mars- 
 ton Sicca, Northleach, and Pebworth, the part of 
 each of the rural districts of Faringdon, Stow-on- 
 
500 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 the-Wold, Tctbury, Tewkesbury, and Winchcomb 
 which is within the administrative county of Glou- 
 cester, the part of the rural district of Cheltenham 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Prestbury, 
 Swindon, and Uckington, the municipal borough 
 of Tewkesbury, and the urban districts of Ciren- 
 cester, Stow-on-the-Wold, and Tetbury. 
 
 FOREST OF DEAN. 
 
 The rural distri t of East Dean and united parishes, 
 Lydney, Newent, and "West Dean, the part of the 
 rural district of Gloucester which consists of the 
 civil parishes of Ashleworth, Highnam Over and 
 Linton, Lassington, and Maisemore, and the urban 
 districts of Awre, Coleford, Newnham, and West- 
 bury-on-Severn. 
 
 STROUD. 
 
 The rural districts of Dursley, Stroud, and 
 Wheatenhurst, the part of the rural district of 
 Cheltenham which is not included in the Ciren- 
 cester and Tewkesbury Division, the part of the 
 rural district of Gloucester which is not included 
 in the Forest of Dean Division, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Nailsworth and Stroud. 
 
 THORNBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Chipping Sodbury, Thorn- 
 bury, and Warmley, and the urban district of 
 Kingswood . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 HANTS. 
 
 Oontents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Southampton, exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of South- 
 ampton . 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 501 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Coynty. Contents &r Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ALDERSHOT. 
 
 The rural district of Hartley Wintney, and the 
 urban districts of Aldershot, Farnborough, and 
 Fleet. 
 
 BASINGSTOKE . 
 
 The rural districts of Andover, Basingstoke, Kings- 
 clere, Stockbridge, and Whitchurch, and the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Andover and Basingstoke. 
 
 FAREHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Fareham and Havant, and the 
 urban districts of Fareham, Gosport and Alver- 
 stoke, Havant, and Warblington. 
 
 NEW FOREST AND CHRISTCHURCH. 
 
 The rural districts of Christcliurcli, Fordingbridge, 
 Lymington, New Forest, Ringwood, and Romsey, 
 and the municipal boroughs of Christchurch, 
 Lymington, and Romsey. 
 
 PETERSFIELD . 
 
 The rural districts of Alresford, Alton, Gathering- 
 ton, Droxford, and Petersfield, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Alton and Petersfield. 
 
 WINCHESTER. 
 
 The rural districts of Hursley and Winchester, the 
 rural district of South Stoneham (except the civil 
 parish of Bittern c), the municipal borough of Win- 
 chester, and the urban district of Eastleigh and 
 Bishopstoke. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 HEREFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Hereford. 
 
502 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two, 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 HEREFOKD. 
 
 The rural districts of Dore, Boss, and Whitchurch, 
 the part of each of the rural districts of Hereford 
 and Ledbuiy which is not included in the Leo- 
 minster Division, the municipal borough of Here- 
 ford, and the urban districts of Ledbury and Ross. 
 
 LEOMINSTER. 
 
 The rural districts of Bredwardine, Bromyard, 
 Kington, Leominster, Weobley, and Wigmore, the 
 part of the rural district of Hereford which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Bartestree, Breinton, Burg- 
 hill, Credenhill, Dinmore, Holmer, Kenchester, 
 Lugwardine, Harden, Moreton-on-Lugg, Pipe and 
 Lyde, Preston Wynne, Stretton Sugwas, Sutton, 
 Wellington, Westhide, Weston Beggard, and With- 
 ington, the part of the rural district of Ledbury 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Ashperton, 
 Bosbury, Canon Frome, Castle Prome, Coddington, 
 Colwall, Egleton, Mathon Rural, Munsley, Pixley, 
 Stretton Grandison, Tarrington, and Yarkhill, the 
 municipal borough of Leominster, and the urban 
 districts of Bromyard and Kington. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 HERTFORD, 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Hertford. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Five. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 503 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 HEMEL HEMPSTED. 
 
 The rural districts of Berkhampstead and Hemel 
 Hempstead, the part of the rural district of St. 
 Albans which consists of the civil parishes of Har- 
 penden Rural, Redbourn, and Wheathampetead, the 
 part of the rural district of Watford which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Abbots Langley and Sarratt, 
 the municipal borough of Hemel Hemps ted, and the 
 urban districts of Great Berkhampstead, Harpen- 
 den, and Tring. 
 
 HERTFORD . 
 
 The rural districts of Hadham and Ware, the part of 
 the rural district of Hertford which is not included 
 in the Hitchin Division, the municipal borough of 
 Hertford, and the urban districts of Bishops Stort- 
 ford, Cheshunt, Hoddesdon, Sawbridge worth, and 
 Ware. 
 
 HITCHIN. 
 
 The rural districts of Ashwell, Buntingford, 
 Hitchin, and Welwyn, the part of the rural district 
 of Hertford which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Aston, Bennington, Datchworth, Sacombe, Wai- 
 kern, and Watton at Stone, and the urban districts 
 of Baldock, Hitchin, Royston, and Stevenage. 
 
 ST. ALBANS. 
 
 The rural districts of Barnet and Hatfield, the part 
 
 of the rural district of St. Albans which is not in- 
 
 cluded in the Hemel Hempsted Division, the muni- 
 cipal borough of St. Albans, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Barnet and East Barnet Valley. 
 
 WATFORD. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Watford which 
 is not included in the Hemel Hempsted Division, 
 and the urban districts of Bushey, Chorleywood, 
 Rickmansworth, and Watford. 
 
504 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (.1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 HOLLAND WITH BOSTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Comity. 
 
 The administrative county of the Parts of Holland. 
 
 Total number of Members fo'r Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 of Parliamentary County. 
 
 HUNTINGDON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 The administrative county of Huntingdon. 
 
 Total number O'f Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents w Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ISLE OF ELY. 
 
 \Oontents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of the Isle of Ely. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 505 
 
 (1) ENGLAND,, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ISLE OF WIGHT. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of the Isle of Wight. 
 
 Total number of Members -for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names oj Divisions of 
 Parliamentary Co,unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 KENT. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Kent (exclusive of the parts thereof 
 comprised in parliamentary boroughs) and the county borough 
 of Canterbury. 
 
 Total number of Members f&r Parliamentary County. 
 
 Eleven. 
 
 Name* of Divisions of 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ASHFORD. 
 
 The rural districts of Cranbrook, East Ashford, 
 Romney Marsh, Tenterden, and West Ashford, the 
 municipal boroughs of Lydd, New Romney, and 
 Tenterden, and the urban district of Ashford. 
 
 CANTERBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Bridge and Elham, the rural 
 district of Blean (with the detached parts of the 
 civil parishes of Dunkirk and Hernhill which are 
 wholly surrounded by that rural district), the county 
 borough of Canterbury, and the urban districts of 
 Herne Bay and Whitstable. 
 
506 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued*. 
 
 CHISLEHURST. 
 
 The rural district of Bromley, the part of the rural 
 district of Dartford which is not included in the 
 Dartford Division, and the urban districts of 
 Chislehurst and Foots Cray. 
 
 DARTFORD . 
 
 The part of the rural district of Dartford which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Crayford, Stone, and 
 Swanscombe, and the urban districts of Bexley, 
 Dartford; and Erith. 
 
 DOVER. 
 
 The rural districts of Dover and Eastry, the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Deal and Dover, and the urban 
 district of Walmer. 
 
 PAVERSHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Milton and Sheppey, the 
 rural . district of Faversham (except the detached 
 parts of the civil parishes of Dunkirk and Hern- 
 hill which are wholly surrounded by the rural dis- 
 trict of Blean), the municipal boroughs of Faver- 
 sham and Queenbo rough, and the urban districts 
 of Milton Regis, Sheerness, and Sittingbotirne. 
 
 GRAVESEND. 
 
 The rural districts of Hoo and Strood, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Gravesend, and the urban dis- 
 trict of Northfleet. 
 
 ISLE OF THANET. 
 
 The rural district of the Isle of Thanet, the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Margate, Ramsgate, and Sand- 
 wich, and the urban district of Broadstairs and St. 
 Peters. 
 
 MAIDSTONE. 
 
 The rural districts of Hollingbourne and Maid- 
 stone, and the municipal borough of Maidstone. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 507 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 SEVENOAKS. 
 
 The rural districts of Mailing and Sevenoaks, and 
 the urban districts of Sevenoaks and Wrotham. 
 
 TONBRIDGE. 
 
 The rural district of Tonbridge, the municipal 
 borough of Tunbridge Wells, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Southborough and Tonbridge. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 PARTS OF KESTEVEN, AND RUTLAND. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of the Parts of Kesteven (exclusive of 
 the part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of 
 Lincoln), and the administrative county of Rutland. 
 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Ctotmty. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Cpiunty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 GRANTHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Branston, Claypole, and Slea- 
 ford, the part of the rural district of Grantham 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Ancaster, 
 Barrowby, Belton, Carlton Scroop, Groat Goner by, 
 Harrowby Without, Heydour, Honington, Hough- 
 on-the-Hill, Londonthorpe, Manthorpe, Norman- 
 ton, Welby, and the detached part of the civil parish 
 of Spittlegato Without which is wholly surrounded 
 by the municipal borough of Grantham , the muni- 
 cipal borough of Grantham, and the urban districts 
 of Ruskington and Sleaford. 
 
 RUTLAND AND STAMFORD. 
 
 The whole of the administrative county of Rutland, 
 the rural districts of Bourne and Uffington, the part 
 of the rural district of Grantham which is not in- 
 
508 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 ^1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 eluded in the Grantham Division, the municipal 
 borough of Stamford, and the urban district of 
 Bourne. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Lancaster exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oo-unty. 
 
 Eighteen . 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oo-unty . Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CHORLEY. 
 
 The rural district of Chorley, the part of the rural 
 district of Wigan which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Haigh, Parbold, Worthington, and Wrighting- 
 ton, the municipal borough of Chorley, and the 
 urban districts of Adlington, Croston, Leyland, and 
 Withnell. 
 
 CLITHEROE. 
 
 The rural district of Burnley (except the detached 
 part of the civil parish of Foulridge which is in- 
 cluded in the parliamentary borough of Nelson and 
 Colne), the rural district of Clitheroe, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Clitheroe, and the urban districts 
 of Great Harwood and Padiham. 
 
 DA R WEN. 
 
 The rural district of Blackburn, the municipal 
 borough of Darwen, and the urban district of 
 Turton. 
 
 PARN WORTH. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Barton-upon 
 Irwell which consists of the civil parish of Clifton, 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 009 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 the part of the rural district of Bury which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Ainsworth and Out- 
 wood, and the urban districts of Famworth, Kears- 
 ley, Little Hulton, Little Lever, and Worsley. 
 
 FYLDE. 
 
 The rural district of Fylde (except the part of the 
 civil parish of Carleton which is included in the 
 parliamentary borough of Blackpool), the rural dis- 
 trict of Preston, and the urban districts of Fleet- 
 wood, Kirkham, Longridge, Poulton-le- Fylde, 
 Thornton, and Walton-le-Dale. 
 
 HEYWOOD AND RADCLIFFE. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Bury which is not 
 included in the Famworth Division, the municipal 
 borough of Hey wood, and the urban districts of 
 Radcliffe, Harnsbottom, and Whitefield. 
 
 INCE. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Wigan which con- 
 sists of the civil parish of Shevington, and the urban 
 districts of Abram, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Billinge, 
 Ince-in-Makerfield, Orrell, .and Standish-with 
 Langtree . 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 The rural district of Garstang, the part of the rural 
 district of Lancaster which is not included in the 
 Lonsdale Division, the municipal boroughs of Lan- 
 caster and Morecambe, and the urban districts of 
 Heysham and Preesall. 
 
 LONSDALE . 
 
 The rural districts of Lunesdale and Ulverston, the 
 detached part pf the rural district of Lancaster which 
 is situated north of the municipal boroughs of Lan- 
 caster and Morecambe, and the urban districts of 
 Carnforth, Dalton-in-Furness, Grange, and Ulver- 
 ston. 
 
510 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 MlDDLETON AND PnESTWICH. 
 
 The municipal borough of Middleton, and the urban 
 districts of Chadderton and Prestwich. 
 
 MOSSLEY. 
 
 The rural district of Limehurst, the municipal 
 borough of Mossley, and the urban districts of 
 Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Failsworth, and 
 
 Lees. 
 
 NEWTON. 
 
 The rural district of Warrington, the rural district 
 of Leigh (except the civil parish of Astley), and 
 the urban districts of Golborne, Haydock, and 
 Newton -in-Makerfield . 
 
 ORMSKIRK. 
 
 The rural districts of Sefton and West Lancashire, 
 the part of the rural district of Wigan which con- 
 sists of the civil parish of Dalton, and the urban 
 districts of Eormby, Lathom-with-Burscough, 
 Ormskirk, Rainford, Skelmersdale, and Upholland. 
 
 ROYTON. 
 
 The urban districts of Crompton, Littleborough, 
 Milnrow, Norden, Royton, Wardle, and Whitworth. 
 
 STRETFORD . 
 
 The rural district of Barton -upon-Irwell (except 
 the civil parish of Clifton), the part of the rural 
 district of Leigh which consists of the civil parish 
 of Astley, and the urban districts of Irlam, Stret- 
 ford, and Urmston. 
 
 WATERLOO. 
 
 The urban districts of Great Crosby, Litherland, 
 Little Crosby, and Waterloo-with-Seaforth. 
 
 WESTHOUGHTON . 
 
 The urban districts of Aspull, Blackrod. Hindley, 
 Horwich, and Westhoughton. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 511 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 WIDNES. 
 
 The rural district of Whiston, the municipal 
 borough of Widnes, and the urban districts of 
 Huytxm-with-Koby and Prescot. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 LEICESTEB. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Leicester. 
 
 Total n\umber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or 'Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BOSWORTH. 
 
 The rural districts of Hinckley and Market Bos- 
 worth, the part of the rural district of Ashby-de- 
 la-Zouch which consists of the civil parish of 
 Bardon, and the urban districts of Coalville and 
 Hinckley. 
 HARBOROUGH. 
 
 The rural districts of Blaby, Hallaton, Lutter- 
 worth, and Market Harborough, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Market Harborough, Oadby, and Wigston 
 Magna. 
 
 LOUGHBO ROUGH . 
 
 The rural districts of Castle Donington and Lough- 
 borough, the part of the rural district of Ashby-de- 
 la-Zouch which is not included in the Bosworth 
 Division, the municipal borough of Loughborough, 
 and the urban districts of Ashby-de-la-r-Zouch, 
 Ashby Woulds, and Shepshed . 
 MELTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Barrow-upon-Soar, Belvoir, 
 Billesdon, and Melton Mowbray, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Melton Mowbray, Quorndon, and Thur- 
 maston . 
 
512 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Co\unty. 
 
 PARTS OF LINDSEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 The administrative county of the parts of Lindsey exclusive of the 
 part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of 
 Grimsby. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County, Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BRIGG. 
 
 The rural district of Glanford Brigg, and the urban 
 districts of Barton-upon-Humber, Brigg, Brough- 
 ton, Brumby and Frodingham, Roxby-cum-Risby, 
 Scunthorpe, and Winterton. 
 GAINSBOROUGH. 
 
 The rural districts of Gainsborough, Isle of Ax- 
 holme, and Welton, and the urban districts of 
 Crowle and Gainsborough . 
 
 HORNCASTLE . 
 
 The rural districts of Horncastle, Sibsey, and 
 Spilsby, and the urban districts of Alford, Horn- 
 castle, Skegness, and Woodhall Spa. 
 
 LOUTH. 
 
 The rural districts of Caistor, Grimsby, and Louth, 
 the municipal borough of Louth, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Mablethorpe and Market Rasen. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County, 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 The administrative county of Middlesex exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. * 513 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total vwimber of Members -for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Names k>f Division^ otf 
 
 Parliamentary (?p\unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ACTON . 
 
 The urban district of Acton. 
 
 BRENTFORD AND CHISWICK. 
 
 The urban districts of Brentford and Chiswick. 
 
 ENFIELD . 
 
 The rural district of South Mimms and the urban 
 district of Enfield. 
 
 FlNCHLEY. 
 
 The urban districts of Finchley and Friern Barnet. 
 
 HARROW. 
 
 The urban districts of Greenf ord, Hanwell, Harrow- 
 on-the-Hill, Wealdstone, and Wembley. 
 
 HEN DON. 
 
 The rural district of Hendon, and the urban districts 
 of Hendon and Kingsbury. 
 
 SPELTHORNE . 
 
 The rural district of Staincs, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Feltham, Hampton, Hampton Wick, 
 Staines, Sunbury-on-Thames, and Teddington. 
 
 TWICKENHAM. 
 
 The urban districts of Heston and Isleworth and 
 Twickenham . 
 
 UXBRIDGE. 
 
 The rural district of Uxbridge, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Hayes, Ruislrp-Northwood, Southall- 
 Norwood, Uxbridge, and Yiewsley. 
 
 WOOD GREEN. 
 
 The urban districts of Southgate and Wood Green. 
 
 F. 33 
 

 
 514 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 ' (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued'. 
 Nfine of Parliamentary County. 
 
 NOBFOLK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Norfolk. 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EASTERN. 
 
 The rural districts of East and West Flegg, Loddon 
 and Clavering, St. Faith's, Smallburgh, and Bio- 
 field (including the area, wholly surrounded by the 
 county borough of Norwich, in which stand the 
 shire hall, county police station and other county 
 buildings), and the urban district of North Wals- 
 ham. 
 
 KING'S LYNN. 
 
 The rural districts of Docking, Freebridge Lynn, 
 King's Lynn, and Marshland (except the civil 
 parishes of Outwell and Upwell), the part of the 
 rural district of Downham which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Wiggenhall St. Germans, Wiggenhall 
 St. Mary the Virgin, Wiggenhall St. Mary Mag- 
 dalen, and Wiggenhall St. Peter, the municipal 
 borough of King's Lynn, and the urban districts 
 of New Hunstanton and Walsoken. 
 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Aylsham, Erpingham, and 
 Walsingham, and the urban districts of Cromer, 
 Sheringham, and Wells. 
 
 vSOTJTHERN. 
 
 The rural districts of Depwade, Forehoe, Hcnstead, 
 and Wayland, the part of the rural district of Thet- 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 515 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 ford which is not included in the South- Western 
 Division, and the urban district of Diss. 
 SOUTH-WESTERN . 
 
 The rural districts of Mitford and Launditdi and 
 S waff ham, the part of the rural district of Down- 
 ham which is not included in the King's Lynn 
 Division, the part of the rural district of Marshland 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Outwell and 
 Up well, the part of the rural district of Thetford 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Cranwich, 
 Feltwell. Feltwell Anchor, Hockwold-cum- Wilton, 
 Lynford, Methwold, Mundford, Northwold, Santon, 
 Weeting with Bromehill, and West Tofts, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Thetford, and the urban districte 
 of Downham Market, East Dereham, and Swaff- 
 ham . 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON, WITH THE SOKE OF PETER- 
 BOEOUGH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Co\unty. 
 
 The administrative counties of Northampton and the soke of 
 Peterborough. 
 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Coymty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 DAVENTRY. 
 
 The rural districts of Brackley, Crick, Daventry, 
 Hardingstone, Middleton Cheney, Potterspury, and 
 Towcester, the part of the rural district of North- 
 ampton which is not included in the Kettering 
 Division, and the municipal boroughs of Brackley 
 and Daventry. 
 
 33 (2) 
 
516 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 KETTERING. 
 
 The rural districts of Brix worth, Kettering, and 
 Oxendon, the part of the rural district of North-" 
 amp ton which consists of the civil parishes of Great 
 Billing, Little Billing, and Weston Favell, and the 
 urban districts of Desborough, Kettering, and Both- 
 well. 
 
 PETERBOROUGH . 
 
 The administrative county of the soke of Peter- 
 borough, the rural districts of Easton-on-the-Hill 
 and Gretton, the part of the rural district of Oundle 
 which is within the administrative county of North- 
 ampton, that part of the rural district of Thrapston 
 which is within the administrative county of North- 
 ampton and is not included in the Wellingborough 
 Division, and the urban district of Oundle. 
 
 WELLINGBOROUGH . 
 
 The rural district of Wellingborough, the part of 
 the rural district of Thrapston which consists of 
 the civil parishes of Chelveston-cum-Caldecott, Har- 
 grave, and Stanwick, the municipal borough of 
 Higham Ferrers, and the urban districts of Fine- 
 don, Irthlingborough, Eaunds, Rushden, and Wel- 
 lingborough. 
 
 ; Name of Parliamentary O,o\unty. 
 
 NOB THUMBEEL AND . 
 
 (Contents 'of Parliamentary C<mnty. 
 
 administrative county of Northumberland exclusive of the 
 parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 517 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oownty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BERWICK-UPON-.TWEED . 
 
 The rural districts of Alnwick, Belford, Glendale, 
 Norham and Islandshires, and Eothbury, with the 
 Fame Islands, the municipal borough of Berwick- 
 upon- Tweed, and the urban districts of Alnwick, 
 Amble, and Rothbury. 
 
 HEXHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Bellingham, Haltwhistle, and 
 Hexham, the part of the rural district of Castle 
 Ward which consists of the civil parishes of Bitch- 
 field, Black Heddon, Gapheaton, Cheeseburn 
 Grange, East Matfen, Fenwick, Harlow Hill, 
 Hawkwell, Heugh, Ingoe, Kearsley, Kirkheaton, 
 Nesbitt, Ouston, Ryal, Wallridge, and West Mat- 
 fen, and the urban districts of Hexham and 
 Prudhoe. 
 
 WANSBECK. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Castle Ward which 
 is not included in the Hexham Division, the rural 
 district of Morpeth (except the civil parishes of 
 Hepscott, Morpeth Castle, Newmineter, and Tran- 
 well), the urban districts of Cramlington, Earsdon, 
 Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Newburn, Seaton Delaval, 
 Seghill, and Whitley and Monkseaton, and the part 
 of the administrative county of Northumberland 
 consisting of the Moot Hall and precincts which 
 is wholly surrounded by the county borough of 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 (Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Nottingham. 
 
518 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total 'mimber of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BASSETLAW . 
 
 The rural districts of Blyth and Cuckney, East 
 Retford, and Misterton, the part of the rural dis- 
 trict of Skegby which consists of the civil parish 
 of Sookholrne, the municipal borough of East Ret- 
 ford, and the urban districts of Warsop and 
 Worksop. 
 
 BROXTOWE. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Basford which is 
 not included in the Rushcliffe Division, and the 
 urban districts of Arnold, Eastwood, Hucknall, and 
 Kirkby-in-Ashfield . 
 
 MANSFIELD. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Skegby which is 
 not. included in the Bassetlaw Division, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Mansfield, and the urban districts 
 of Huthwaite, Mansfield Woodhouse, and Sutton- 
 in- Ash field . 
 
 NEWARK. 
 
 The rural districts of Bingham, Newark, and 
 Southwell, and the municipal borough of Newark. 
 
 RUSHCLIFFE . 
 
 The rural districts of Leake and Stapleford, the 
 rural district consisting of the civil parishes of 
 Kingston-upon-Soar and Ratcliffe-upon-Soar, the 
 part of the rural district of Basford which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Awsworth, Barton-in-Fabis, 
 Bilborough, Bradmore, Bunny, Burton Joyce, Clif- 
 ton -with-Glapton, Colwick, Cossall, Gamston, 
 Gedling, Gotham, Nuthall, Ruddington, South 
 Wilford, Stoke Bardolph, Strelley, Thrumpton, 
 Trowell, and Wollaton, and the urban districts of 
 Beeston, Carlton, and West Bridgford. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 519 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Coamty. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Co\unty. 
 
 The administrative county of Oxford. 
 
 Total nytmbpr of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary C&unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 B ANBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Banbury, Chipping Norton, 
 Witney, and Woodstock, the municipal boroughs of 
 Banbury, Chipping Norton, and Woodstock, and 
 the urban district of Witney. 
 HENLEY. 
 
 The rural districts of Bicester, Crowmarsh, Cul- 
 hain, Goring, Headington, Henley, and Thame, the 
 municipal borough of Henley-on-Thames, and the 
 urban districts of Bicester, Thame, and Wheatley. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Cfmnty. 
 
 SALOP. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Co\unty. 
 
 The administrative county of Salop. 
 
 Total watmber of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 Four. 
 
 "Names of Divisions &f 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. . ; \ 
 
 LlJDLOW. 
 
 The rural districts of Bridgnorth, Burford, Church 
 Stretton, Cleobury Mortimer, Clun, Ludlow, and 
 Teme, the municipal boroughs of Bishop's Castle, 
 Bridgnorth, and Ludlow, and the urban district of 
 Church Stretton. 
 
520 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 OSWESTRY. 
 
 The rural districts of Drayton, Ellesmere, Oswestry, 
 Wem, and Whitchurch, the municipal borough of 
 Oswestry, and the urban districts of Ellesmere, 
 Market Drayton, Wem, and Whitchurch. 
 
 SHREWSBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Atcham and Chirbury, and 
 the municipal borough of Shrewsbury. 
 
 THE WREKIN. 
 
 The rural districts of Newport, Shifnal, and Wel- 
 lington, the municipal borough of Wenlock, and the 
 urban districts of Dawley, Newport, Oakengates, 
 and Wellington. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 SOMERSET. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Somerset. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oo<unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BRIDGWATER. 
 
 The rural districts of Bridgwater and Williton, the 
 municipal borough of Bridgwater, and the urban 
 districts of Burnham-on-Sea, Highbridge, Mine- 
 head, and Watchet. 
 
 FROME. 
 
 The rural districts of Bath, Glutton, and Keyn- 
 sham, the part of the rural district of Frome which 
 is not included in the Wells Division, and the urban 
 districts of Frome, Midsomer Norton, and Kad- 
 stock. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 521 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 TAUNTON . 
 
 The rural districts of Dulverton, Taunton, and 
 Wellington, the municipal borough of Taunton, and 
 the urban districts of Wellington and Wivelis- 
 combe. 
 
 WELLS. 
 
 The rural districts of Shepton Mallet, Wells, and 
 "Wincanton, the part of the rural district of Frome 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Cloford, 
 Marston Bigot, Nunney, Wanstrow, Whatley, and 
 Witharn Friary, the municipal boroughs of Glas- 
 tonbury and Wells, and the urban districts of Shep- 
 tori Mallet and Street. 
 
 WESTON-SUPER-MARE . 
 
 The rural districts of Axbridge (with Steep Holme 
 Island) and Long Ashton, and the urban districts 
 of Clevedon, Portishead, and Weston-super-Mare. 
 
 YKOVIL. 
 
 The rural districts of Chard, Langport, and Yeovil, 
 the municipal boroughs of Chard and Yeovil, and 
 the urban districts of Crewkerne and Ilminster. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 STAFFORD. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 The administrative county of Stafford (exclusive of the parts 
 thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs) and the county 
 borough of Burton-upon-Trent. 
 
 Total n-umber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 yames of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BURTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Tutbury and Uttoxeter, the 
 part of the rural district of Stafford which consists 
 
522 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 of the detached part of the civil parish of Colwich 
 which is surrounded by the civil parishes of Blith- 
 field and Colton, the county borough of Burton- 
 upon-Trent, and the urban district of Uttoxeter. 
 
 CANNOCK. 
 
 The rural district of Seisdon, the part of the rural 
 district of Cannock which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Bushbury, Choslyn Hay, Essington, 
 Great Wyrley, and Hilton, the part of the rural 
 district of Walsall which consists of the civil parish 
 of Bentley, and the urban districts of Brownhills, 
 Cannock, and Tettenhall. 
 
 KlNGSWINFORD. 
 
 :The rural district of Kingswinford, and the urban 
 districts of Amblecote, Brierley Hill, Quarry Bank, 
 and Kowley Regis. 
 LEEK. 
 
 The rural districts of Leek and Stoke-upon-Trent, 
 and the urban districts of Biddulph, Kidsgrove, 
 Leek, and Smallthorne. 
 
 LlCHFIELD. 
 
 The rural district of Lichfield, the part of the rural 
 district of Tamworth which is within the adminis- 
 trative county of Stafford, the part of the rural 
 district of Walsall which is not included in the Can- 
 nock Division, the municipal boroughs of Lichfield 
 and Tamworth, and the urban districts of Perry 
 Bar and Rugeley. 
 STAFFORD . 
 
 The rural district of Gnosall, the rural district con- 
 sisting of the civil parishes of Blymhill and Weston- 
 under-Lizard, the part of the rural district of 
 Cannock which is not included in the Cannock Divi- 
 sion, the rural district of Stafford (except the afore- 
 said detached part of the civil parish of Colwich), 
 and the municipal borough of Stafford. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 523 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 STONE . 
 
 The rural districts of Blore Heath, Cheadle, May- 
 field, Newcastle-under-Lyme, and Stone, and the 
 urban district of Stone. 
 
 Natne of Parliamentary County. 
 
 EAST SUFFOLK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Co\itnty. 
 
 The administrative county of East Suffolk. 
 
 Toted n-iunber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary C&amty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EYE. 
 
 The rural districts of East Stow, Hartismere, and 
 Hoxne, the part of the rural district of Blything 
 which is not included in the Lowestoft Division, 
 the part of the rural district of Plomesgate which 
 is not included in the Woodbridge Division, the 
 municipal borough of Eye, and the urban districts 
 of Halesworth, Leiston-cum-Sizewell, Saxmund- 
 harn, and Stowmarket. 
 
 LOWESTOFT. 
 
 The rural districts.of Mutf ord and Lothingland and 
 Wangford, the part of the rural district of Blything. 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Benacre, Cove- 
 hithe, Easton Bavents, Frostenden, Henstead, Rey- 
 don, South Cove, and Wrentham, the municipal 
 boroughs of Beccles, Lowestoft, and Southwold, and 
 the urban districts of Bungay and Oulton Broad. 
 
 WOODBRIDGE. 
 
 The rural districts of Bosrnere and Claydon, Sam- 
 ford, and Woodbridge, the part of the rural district 
 of Plomesgate which consists of the civil parishes 
 
524 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 of Blaxhall, Butley, Campsey Ash, Chillesford, 
 Eyke, Gedgrave, Havergate Island, Iken, Or ford, 
 Rendlesham, Sudbourne, Tunstall, Wantisden, and 
 Wickham Market, the municipal borough of Alde- 
 burgh, and the urban districts of Pelixstowe and 
 Woodbridge. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WEST SUFFOLK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of West Suffolk. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BURY ST. EDMUNDS. 
 
 The rural districts of Brandon, Mildenhall, and 
 Thedwastre, the parts of the rural districts of Moul- 
 ton and Thingoe which are not included in the 
 Sudbury Division, the municipal borough of Bury 
 St. Edmunds, and the urban district of Newmarket. 
 
 SUDBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Clare, Cosford, and Melford, 
 the part of the rural district of Moulton which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Lidgate and Ousden, 
 the part of the rural district of Thingoe which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Bradfield Combust, 
 Bradfield St. Claire, Bradfield St. George, Brockley, 
 Chedburgh, Chevington, Depden, Great Welne- 
 tham, Hargrave, Hawstead, Little Welnetham, 
 Rede, Stanningfield, and Whepstead, the municipal 
 borough of Sudbury, and the urban districts of 
 Glemsford, Hadleigh, and Haverhill. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 525 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 SURBEY. 
 
 (Contents of Parliamentary Co\unty. 
 
 The administrative county of Surrey exclusive of the parts thereof 
 comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total n-.umber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Seven . 
 
 Names of Divisions o>f 
 
 Parliamentary (bounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CHERTSEY. 
 
 The rural district of Chertsey, and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Chertsey, East and West Molesey, Egham, 
 Esher, and the Dittons, Walton-upon-Thames, and 
 Weybridge. 
 
 EASTERN. 
 
 The rural district of Godstone and the urban dis- 
 tricts of Caterham and Coulsdon and Purley. 
 
 EPSOM. 
 
 The rural district of Epsom, and the urban districts 
 of Epsom, Leathern ead, and Sutton. 
 
 EARN HAM. 
 
 The rural district of Farnham, the part of the rural 
 district of Guildford which consists of the civil 
 parish of Pirbright, and the urban districts of Farn- 
 ham, Frimley, Windlesham, and Woking. 
 
 GUILDFOED. 
 
 The rural district of Hambledon, the rural district 
 of Guildford (except the civil parish of Pirbright), 
 the municipal boroughs of Guildford and God- 
 aiming, and the urban district of Haslemere. 
 
 MITCHAM. 
 
 The urban districts of Beddington and Wellington, 
 Carshalton, and Mitcham. 
 
526 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 REIGATE. 
 
 The rural districts of Dorking and Reigate, the 
 municipal borough of Reigate, and the urban dis- 
 trict of Dorking. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Co.unty. 
 
 EAST SUSSEX. 
 
 (Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of East Sussex (exclusive of the part 
 thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of Brighton) 
 and the county borough of Eastbourne. 
 
 Total ^number of Members for Parliamentary (bounty. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EASTBOURNE. 
 
 The rural district of Eastbourne, the part of the 
 rural district of Hailsham which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Arlington, Chalvington, Chiddingly, 
 Hailsham, Hellingly, Laughton, and Ripe, and the 
 county borough of Eastbourne. 
 
 EAST GRINSTEAD. 
 
 The rural districts of Cuckfield, East Grinstead, 
 and Uckfield, and the urban districts of Burgess 
 Hill, Cuckfield, East Grinstead, Hayward's Heath, 
 and Uckfield. 
 
 LEWES. 
 
 The rural districts of Chailey, Newhaven, and 
 Steyning East, the municipal borough of Lewes, 
 and the urban districts of Newhaven, Portslade-by- 
 Sea, and Seaford. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 The rural districts of Battle, Hastings, Rye, and 
 Ticehurst, the part of the rural district of Hailsham * 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 527 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE con tinned. 
 
 which is not included in the Eastbourne Division, 
 the municipal boroughs of Bexhill and Rye, and 
 the urban district of Battle. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WEST SUSSEX. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of West Sussex. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CHICHESTER. 
 
 The rural districts of East Preston, Midhurst, Pet- 
 worth, Westbourne, and Westhampnett, the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Arundel and Chiehester, and the 
 urban districts of Bognor and Littlehampton. 
 
 HORSHAM AND WORTHING. 
 
 The rural districts of Horsham, Steyning West, and 
 Thakeham, the municipal borough of Worthing, 
 and the urban districts of Horsham, Shoreham-by- 
 Sea, and South wick. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Warwick. 
 
 Total member of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Four. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NUN EATON. 
 
 The rural districts of Atherstone, Coventry, Foles- 
 hill, and Nuneaton, the municipal borough of Nun- 
 eaton, and the urban district of Bulkington. 
 
528 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 EUGBY. 
 
 The rural districts of Farnborough, Monks Kir by r 
 Rugby, and Southam, the part of the rural district 
 of Brailes which is not included in the Warwick and 
 Leamington Division, the part of the rural district 
 of Stratford-on-Avon which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Charlcote, Combrook, Compton Verney, 
 Eating ton, Kineton, Loxley, Moreton Morrell, 
 Newbold Pacey, Wellesbourne Hastings, and 
 Wellesbourne Mountford, and the urban district of 
 Rugby. 
 
 TAM WORTH. 
 
 The rural districts of Meriden and Solihull, the part 
 of the rural district of Tamworth which is within 
 the administrative county of Warwick, and the 
 municipal borough of Sutton Coldfleld. 
 
 WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Alcester and Warwick, the 
 part of the rural district of Brailes which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Ilmington and Stretton-on- 
 Fosse, the part of the rural district of Stratford-on- 
 Avon which is not included in the Rugby Division, 
 the municipal boroughs of Royal Leamington Spa, 
 Stratford-on-Avon, and Warwick, and the urban 
 district of Kenilworth. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WESTMORLAND. 
 
 Oontents 'of Parliamentary County. 
 The administrative county of Westmorland. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary C&unty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 529 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WILTS. 
 
 C'ontents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Wilts. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Eive. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions.. 
 
 CHIPPENHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Calne, Chippenham, and 
 Malrnesbury, the rural district of Cricklade and 
 Wootton Bassett (except the detached part of the 
 civil parish of Lydiard Tregoze which is wholly 
 surrounded by the civil parishes of Broad Hinton 
 and Wroughton), the part of the rural district of 
 Tetbury which is within the administrative county 
 of Wilts, and the municipal boroughs of Calne, 
 Chippenham, and Malrnesbury. 
 
 DEVIZES. 
 
 The rural districts of Devizes, Marlborough, Pew- 
 sey, and Eamsbury, the part of the rural district 
 of Highworth which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Bishopstone, Chisledon, Liddington, Little 
 Hinton, Wanborough, and Wroughton, the afore- 
 said detached part of the civil parish of Lydiard 
 Tregoze, and the municipal boroughs of Devizes 
 and Marlborough. 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Amesbury, Salisbury, Tis- 
 bury, and Wilton, and the municipal boroughs of 
 Salisbury and Wilton. 
 
 SWINDON. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Highworth which 
 is not included in the Devizes Division, and the 
 municipal borough of Swindon. 
 F. 34 
 
530 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 WESTBURY. 
 
 The rural districts of Bradford-on-Avon, Melks- 
 ham, Mere, Warminster, and Westbury and Whor- 
 wellsdown, and the urban districts of Bradford-on- 
 Avon, Melksham, Trowbridge, Warminster, and 
 Westbury. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 C'ontents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Worcester. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Bounty. 
 
 Pour. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BE WDLEY . 
 
 The rural districts of Hartley, Rock, Tenbury, and 
 Upton-upon-Severn, the part of the rural district 
 of .Tewkesbury which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Chaceley and Pendock, the rural district which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Rcdmarley D'Abitot 
 and Staunton, the municipal borough of Bewdley, 
 and the urban districts of Malvern and Stourport. 
 EVESHAM. 
 
 The rural districts of Droitwich, Evesham, Pecken- 
 ham, Pershore, and Shipston-on-Stour, the parts of 
 the rural districts of Stow-on-the-Wold and Winch- 
 comb which are within the administrative county 
 of Worcester, the part of the rural district of 
 Tewkesbury which consists of the civil parishes 
 of Bredon, Bredon's Norton, Conderton, Overbury, 
 and Teddington, and the municipal boroughs of 
 Droitwich and Evesham. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 531 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 KIDDERMINSTER . 
 
 The rural districts of Brornsgrove and Kidder- 
 minster, the municipal borough of Kidderminster, 
 and the urban districts of Bromsgrove, North 
 Bromsgrove, and Eedditch. 
 
 STOURBRIDGE. 
 
 The rural district of Halcsoweu, the municipal 
 borough of Stourbridge, and the urban districts of 
 Lye and Wollescote and Oldbury. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 YORK, EAST RIDING. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of York, East Riding. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BUCK ROSE. 
 
 The rural districts of Bridlington, Driffield, Norton, 
 and Sherburn, the municipal borough of Bridling- 
 ton, and the urban districts of Filey, Great Driffield, 
 and Norton. 
 
 HOLDERNESS. 
 
 The rural districts of Patrington and Skirlaugh, 
 the part of the rural district of Beverley which is 
 not included in the Howdenshire Division, the part 
 of the rural district of Sculcoates which consists 
 of the civil parishes of Preston and Sutton, the 
 municipal boroughs of Beverley and Hedon, and 
 the urban districts of Cottingham, Hornsea. and 
 Withernsea. 
 
 34 (2) 
 
532 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (I) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 HOWDENSHIRE. 
 
 The rural districts of Escrick, Howden, Pockling- 
 ton, and Eiocall, the part of the rural district of 
 Beverley which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Brantingham, Ellerker, Elloughton-with-Brough, 
 and South Cave, the part of the rural district of 
 Sculcoates which is not included in the Holder- 
 ness Division, and the urban districts of Hessle and 
 Pocklington. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 YORK, NORTH RIDING. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of York, North Riding, exclusive of the 
 part thereof comprised in the parliamentary borough of 
 Stockton-on-Tees . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Pour. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary C'ounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CLEVELAND. 
 
 The rural district of Middlesbrough, the part of 
 the rural district of Guisborough which is not in- 
 cluded in the Scarborough and Whitby Division, 
 and the urban districts of Eston, Guisborough, Hin- 
 derwell, Loftus, Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, and 
 Skelton and Brotton. 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 The rural districts of Aysgarth, Bedale, Croft, Ley- 
 burn, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, 
 and Stokesley, the municipal borough of Richmond, 
 and* the urban districts of Kirklington-cum-Ups- 
 land, Masham, and Northallerton. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 533 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 SCARBOROUGH AND WHITBY. 
 
 The rural districts of Scarborough and Whitby, the 
 part of the rural district of Guisborough which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Commondale, Danby, 
 and Westcrdale, the part of the rural district of 
 Pickering which consists of the civil parishes of 
 Allerston, Ebberston, Kingthorpe, Levisham, Lock- 
 ton, Marishes, Newton, Thornton Dale, and .Wilton, 
 the municipal borough of Scarborough, and the 
 urban districts of Pickering, Scalby, and Whitby. 
 
 THIRSK AND M ALTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Easingwold, Flaxton, Helms- 
 ley, Kirkby Moorside, Malton, Thirsk, and Wath, 
 the part of the rural district of Pickering which is 
 not included in the Scarborough and Whitby Divi- 
 sion, and the urban district of Malton. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 YORK, WEST RIDING. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 .The administrative county of York, West Riding, exclusive of the 
 parts thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Nineteen . 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BARKSTON ASH. 
 
 The rural districts of Bishopthorpe, Selby, Tad- 
 caster, and Wetherby, the part of the rural district 
 of Great Ouseburn which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Acomb, H essay, Knapton, Moor Monk- 
 ton, Nether Poppldxm, Rufforth, and Upper Pop- 
 pleton, and the urban districts of Garforth and 
 Selby. 
 
534 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 COLNE VALLEY. 
 
 The urban districts of. Farnley Tyas, Golcar, Holme, 
 Holmfirth, Honley, Linthwaite, Marsden, Meltham, 
 New Mill, Saddleworth, Scammonden, Slaith- 
 waite, South Crosland, Springhead, and Thurston- 
 land . 
 
 DONCASTER. 
 
 The municipal borough of Doncaster, and the 
 urban districts of Adwick-le-Street and Bentley- 
 with-Arksey. 
 
 DON VALLEY. 
 
 The rural districts of Doncaster and Thorne, and 
 the urban districts of Mexborough and Tickhill. 
 
 ELLAND. 
 
 The rural district of Halifax (except the civil parish 
 of Norland), the municipal borough of Brighouse, 
 and the urban districts of Clayton, Elland, Greet- 
 lahd, Hipperholme, Queensbury, Shelf, Southow- 
 ram, and Stainland. 
 
 HEMSWORTH. 
 
 The rural district of Hemsworth, the part of the 
 rural district of Barnsley which is not included in 
 the Wentworth Division, and the urban districts of 
 Cud worth and Roys ton. 
 
 KEIGHLEY. 
 
 The rural district of Keighley, the municipal 
 borough of Keighley, and the urban districts of 
 Denholme, Haworth, Oakworth, Oxenhope, and 
 Silsden . 
 
 NORM ANTON. 
 
 The urban districts of Altofts, Castleford, Feather- 
 stone, Methley, Norman ton, and Whitwood. 
 
 PENISTONE. 
 
 The rural districts of Ponistone and Wortley, and 
 the urban districts of Clayton West, Denby and 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Cumber-worth, Gunthwaite and Ingbirchworth , 
 Hoyland Swaine, Kirkburton, Penistone, Shelley, 
 Shepley, Skelmanthorpe, Stocksbridge, and Thurl- 
 stone . 
 
 PONTEFRACT. 
 
 The rural districts of Goole and Pontefract, the 
 municipal borough of Pontefract, and the urban 
 districts of Goole and Knottingley. 
 
 PUDSEY AND OTLEY. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Wharfedale which 
 is not included in the Shipley Division, the muni- 
 cipal borough of Pudsey, and the urban districts 
 of Burley-in-Wharfedale, Calverley, Farsley, Hors- 
 forth, Ilkley, Otley, and Rawdon. 
 
 RIPON. 
 
 The rural districts of Knaresborough, Pateley 
 Bridge, an-d Ripon, the part of the rural district 
 of Great Ouseburn which is not included in the 
 Barkston Ash Division, the municipal boroughs of 
 Harrogate and Ripon, and the urban district of 
 Knaresborough . 
 
 ROTHER VALLEY. 
 
 The rural district of Kiveton Park, the part of the 
 rural district of Rotherham which is not included 
 in the Wentworth Division, and the urban districts 
 of Handsworth and Swinton. 
 
 ROTHWELL. 
 
 The rural districts of Hunslet and Wakefield, and 
 the urban districts of Ardsley East and West, 
 Emley, Flockton, Horbury, Rothwell, and Stanley. 
 SHIPLEY. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Wharfedale which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Esholt, Hawks- 
 worth, and Menston, and the urban districts of 
 Baildon, Bingley, Guiseley, Shipley, and Yeadon. 
 
53t) REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (1) ENGLAND, EXCLUDING MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 SKIPTON. 
 
 The rural districts of Bowlaiid, Sedbergh, Settle, 
 and Skipton, and the urban districts of Barn olds- 
 wick, Earby, and Skipton. 
 
 SOWERBY. 
 
 The rural district of Todmorden, the part of the 
 rural district of Halifax which consists of the civil 
 parish of Norland, the municipal borough of Tod- 
 morden, and the urban districts of Barkisland, 
 Hebden Bridge, Luddenden Foot, Midgley, 
 Mytholmroyd, Rishworth, Sowerby, Sower by 
 Bridge, and Soyland. 
 
 SPEN VALLEY. 
 
 The urban districts of Birkenshaw, Birstal, Drigh- 
 lington, Gildersome, Heckmondwike, Hunsworth, 
 Kirkheaton, Lepton, Mirfield, Spenborough, and 
 Whitley Upper. 
 
 WENT WORTH. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Barnsley which 
 consists of the civil parishes of Billingley and Stain- 
 borough, the part of the rural district of Rother- 
 ham which consists of the civil parishes of Bramp- 
 ton Bierlow and Wentworth, and the urban districts 
 of Bolton-upon-Dearne, Dariield, Dodworth, Hoy- 
 land Nether, Thurnscoe, Wath-upon-Dearne, 
 Wombwell, and Worsborough. 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ANGLESEY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Anglesey. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 537 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BRECON AND RADNOR. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative counties of Brecon and Radnor, 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 'Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CARDIGAN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Cardigan. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CARMARTHEN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Carmarthen 
 
538 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIBE ^#ttfo'm*e$. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CAKMARTHEN . 
 
 The rural districts of Carmarthen, Llandovery, 
 Llanybyther, Newcastle-in-Emlyn, and Whitland, 
 the part of the rural district of Llandilofawr which 
 is not included in the Llanelly Division, the muni- 
 cipal boroughs of Carmarthen, Kid welly, and Llan- 
 dovery, and the urban districts of Llandilo and 
 Newcastle Emlyn. 
 
 LLA NELLY. 
 
 The rural district of Llanelly, the part of the rural 
 district of Llandilofawr which consists of the civil 
 parishes of Bettws, Llandybie, and Quarter Bach, 
 and the part of the civil parish of Llandilo Rural 
 which comprises Ward I. of that parish as formed 
 by the order of the county council of Carmarthen 
 dated the 23rd day of October, 1894, the municipal 
 borough of Llanelly, and the urban districts of 
 Ammanford, Burry Port, and Owmamman. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CARNARVON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Carnarvon exclusive of the part 
 thereof comprised in the Carnarvon District of Boroughs and 
 inclusive of Bardsey Island. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Oounty. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 539 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DENBIGH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Denbigh. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary (bounty. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 DENBIGH. 
 
 The rural districts of Llangollen, Llanrwst, Llan- 
 silin, Buthin, St. Asaph (Denbigh), and Uwchaled, 
 the rural district of Glan Conway consisting of the 
 civil parishes of Llanelian yn Elios and Llansant- 
 ffraid Glan Conway, the part of the rural district 
 of Chirk which is not included in the Wrexham 
 Division, the municipal boroughs of Denbigh and 
 Ruthin, and the urban districts of Abergele and 
 Pensarn, Colwyn Bay and Colwyn, Llangollen, and 
 Llanrwst. 
 
 WREXHAM. 
 
 The rural district of Wrexham, the part of the rural 
 district of Chirk which consists of the civil parish 
 of Chirk, and the municipal borough of Wrexham. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 FLINT. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Flint. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
540 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 GLAMORGAN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Glamorgan exclusive of the p&rte 
 thereof comprised in parliamentary boroughs. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ABERAVON. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Neath which con- 
 sists of the civil parishes of Baglan Higher, Bag- 
 Ian Lower, Michaelston Higher, and Michaelston 
 Lower, the part of the rural district of Penybont 
 which consists of the civil parishes of Kenfig, Pyle, 
 Sker, Tythegston Higher, and Tythegston Lower, 
 the municipal borough of Aberavon, and the urban 
 districts of Briton Ferry, Glencorwg, Margam, and 
 Porthcawl. 
 
 CAERPHILLY. 
 
 The urban districts of Caerphilly and Gelligaer. 
 GOWER. 
 
 The rural districts of Gower and Swansea, and the 
 
 urban district of Oysterrnouth. 
 
 LLANDAFF AND BARRY. 
 
 The rural district of Llandaff and Dinas Powis, and 
 the urban district of Barry. 
 
 NEATII. 
 
 The rural district of Pontardawe, the part of the 
 rural district .of Neath which is not included in 
 the Aberavon Division, and the municipal borough 
 of Neath. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 541 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 OGMORE. 
 
 The part of the rural district of Penybont which is 
 not included in the Aberavon Division, and the 
 urban districts of Bridgend, Maesteg, and Ogmore 
 and Garw. 
 
 PONTYPRIDD. 
 
 The rural districts of Cowbridge and Llantrisant 
 and Llantwitfardre, the municipal borough of Cow- 
 bridge, and the urban district of Pontypridd. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 MERIONETH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Merioneth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 MONMOUTH. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The administrative county of Monmouth. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 ABERTILLERY. 
 
 The urban districts of Abercarn, Abertillery, and 
 Nantyglo and Blaina. 
 
542 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 BEDWELLTY. 
 
 The part of the rural district of St. Mellons which 
 consists of the civil parish of Bogerstone, and the 
 urban districts of Bedwas and Machen, Bedwellty, 
 Mynyddislwyn, and Eisca. 
 
 EBBW VALE. 
 
 The urban districts of Ebbw Valo, Bhymney, and 
 Tredegar. 
 
 MONMOUTH. 
 
 The rural districts of Abergavenny, Chepstow, 
 Magor, Monmouth, and Pontypool, the rural dis- 
 trict of St. Mellons (except the civil parish of 
 Bogerstone), the municipal boroughs of Aberga- 
 venny and Monmouth, and the urban districts of 
 Caerleon. Chepstow, and Usk. 
 
 PONTYPOOL . 
 
 The urban districts of Abersychan, Blaenavon, 
 Llanfrechfa Upper, Llantarnam, Panteg, and 
 Pontypool. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 The administrative county of Montgomery. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County . 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary Oounty. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 PEMBBOKE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 The administrative county of Pembroke. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 543 
 
 (2) WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Na/nes of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary. County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ABERDEEN AND KINCARDINE. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Aberdeen and Kincardine, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein except the county of the city of Aberdeen 
 arid the burgh of Inverbervie. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. . 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CENTRAL. 
 
 The county districts of Aberdeen, Ellon, Garioch, 
 and Huntly, inclusive of the burghs of Ellon, 
 Inverurie, Kintorc, Old Meldrum, and Huntly. 
 
 EASTERN . 
 
 The county districts of Deer and Turriff, inclusive 
 of all burghs situated therein. 
 
 KINCARDINE AND WESTERN. 
 
 The county of Kincardine, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein except the burgh of Inverbervie and 
 that portion of the county of the city of Aber- 
 deen which is situated within the said county of 
 Kincardine, together with the county districts of 
 Alford and Deeside, inclusive of all burghs situated 
 therein . 
 
544 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ARGYLL. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Argyll, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total number of Members -for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Caunty. 
 
 AYE AND BUTE. 
 
 Contents &f Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Ayr and Bute, inclusive of all burghs situated 
 therein except the burghs of Ayr, Ardrossan, Irvino, Prest- 
 wick, Saltcoats, and Troon. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BUTE AND NORTHERN. 
 
 The county of Bute, inclusive of all burghs situ- 
 ated therein, and the county district of Northern 
 Ayr, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except 
 in so far as included in the Ayr District of Burghs. 
 
 KlLMARNOCK. 
 
 The county district of Kilmarnock, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein except in so far as included 
 in the Ayr District of Burghs. 
 SOUTH AYRSHIRE. 
 
 The county districts of Ayr and Carrick, inclusive 
 of all burghs situated therein except in so far as 
 included in the Ayr District of Burgb 
 
 is. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 545 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BANFF. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Banff, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 BERWICK AND HADDINGTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Berwick and Haddington, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Co-ntents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 CAITHNESS AND SUNDERLAND. 
 
 Contents o>f Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 The counties of Caithness and Sunderland, inclusive of all burghf 
 
 situated therein. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Sotmdaries of Divisions. 
 
 F. 35 
 
546 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 DUMBARTON. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Dumbarton, inclusive of all burghs situated therein 
 except the burghs of Dumbarton and Clydebank. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary Caunty. 
 
 DUMFRIES. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Dumfries, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total number oj Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 FIFE. 
 
 Contents &f Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Fife, inclusive of all burghs situated therein except 
 the burghs of Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath, Inverkeithing, 
 Lochgelly, Kirkcaldy, Buckhaven Methil and Innerleven, 
 Burntisland, Dysart, and Kinghorn. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 547 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EASTERN. 
 
 The Cupar and St. Andrews County Districts, in- 
 clusive of all burghs situated therein, together with 
 the burgh of Leven and so much of the Kirkcaldy 
 County District as is contained within the extra- 
 burghal portion of the parish of Scoonie and the 
 parish of Kennoway. 
 
 WESTERN . 
 
 The Dunfermline County District, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein except in so far as in- 
 cluded in the Dunfermline District of Burghs, 
 together with so much of the Kirkcaldy County 
 District, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, 
 as is included neither in the Eastern Division nor 
 in the Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy Districts of 
 Burghs. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 FORFAR. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Forfar, inclusive of all burghs situated therein 
 except the county of the city of Dundee and the burghs of 
 Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, and Forfar. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Cvunty. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 35(2) 
 
548 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 GALLOWAY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Kirkcudbright and Wigtown, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total number o-f Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Diiiisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 INVERNESS AND BOSS AND CEOMAETY. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Inverness and Eoss and Cromarty, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total Dumber of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 INVERNESS. 
 
 The county of Inverness, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, except in so far as contained within 
 the Western Isles Division. 
 
 Eoss AND CROMARTY. 
 
 The county of Eoss and Cromarty, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein, except in so far as con- 
 tained within the Western Isles Division. 
 
 WESTERN ISLES. 
 
 So much of the county of Eoss and Cromarty as is 
 contained within the Lews County District, in- 
 clusive of the burgh of Stornoway, together with 
 

 PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 549 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 so much of the county of Inverness as is contained 
 within the Harris County District, the North Uist 
 County District, and the South Uist County Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 LANARK. 
 
 Contents o>f Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Lanark, inclusive of all burghs situated therein 
 except the county of the city of Glasgow and so much of the 
 burgh of Renfrew as is contained within the parish of Go van. 
 
 Total number o<f Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 BOTHWELL. 
 
 The part of the Middle Ward County District 
 which is contained within the parishes of Old Monk- 
 land and Bothwell, exclusive of all burghs or pjor- 
 tions of burghs situated therein. 
 
 COATBRIDGE. 
 
 The burghs of Coatbridge and Airdrie. 
 
 HAMILTON. 
 
 The burgh of Hamilton and the part of the Middle 
 Ward County District which is contained within 
 the extra-burghai portion of the parish of Hamilton 
 and the parish of Dalserf . 
 
 LANARK. 
 
 The Upper Ward County District, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein, together with the p&rt of 
 the Middle Ward County District which is con- 
 tained within the parishes of Avondale, East Kil- 
 bride, Glassford, and Stonehouse. 
 
550 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 MOTHERWELL . 
 
 The burghs of Motherwell and Wishaw, together 
 with the part of the Middle Ward County Dis- 
 trict which is contained within the extra-burghal 
 portion of the parish of Dalziel. 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The parts of the Lower Ward and Middle Ward 
 County Districts Which are contained within the 
 parishes of Glasgow, Gadder, New Monkland, 
 Shotts, and Cambusnethan, exclusive of any burghs 
 or portions of burghs situated therein. 
 
 RUTHERGLEN. 
 
 The burgh of Rutherglen and the parts of the 
 Lower Ward and Middle Ward County Districts 
 which are contained within the (parishes of Car- 
 munnock, Cambuslang, and Blantyre, and the extra- 
 burghal portion of the parish of Eutherglen. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 LINLITHGOW. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ffhe county of Linlithgow, inclusive of all burghs situated therein. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 MIDLOTHIAN AND PEEBLES. 
 
 Contents #/ Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Midlothian and Peebles, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, except the county of the city of Edinburgh 
 and the burghs of Leith and Musselburgh. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 551 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary Cvunty. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 NORTHERN. 
 
 The Calder and Suburban County Districts, the 
 burgh of Dalkeith, and that part of the Lasswade 
 County District which is included in the extra- 
 burghal portions of the parishes of Dalkeith and 
 Inveresk. 
 
 PEEBLES AND SOUTHERN. 
 
 The county of Peebles with all the burghs situated 
 therein, and the Gala Water and Lasswade County 
 Districts of Midlothian (except that part of the 
 latter district which is included in the Northern 
 Division as above) with all burghs situated therein 
 except the burghs of Dalkeith and Musselburgh. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 MORAY AND NAIRN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Elgin and Nairn, inclusive of all burghs situated 
 
 therein. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries -of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 ORKNEY AND ZETLAND. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Orkney and Zetland, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein. 
 
552 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total wimber of Members -for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary C&unty. 
 
 PERTH AND KINROSS. 
 
 Contents af Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Perth and Kinross, inclusive of all burghs situated 
 
 therein . 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 KINROSS AND WESTERN. 
 
 The county of Kinross, inclusive of the burgh of 
 Kinross, together* with so much of the county of 
 Perth as is contained within the Central, Highland 
 and Western County Districts, inclusive of all 
 burghs situated therein. 
 PERTH. 
 
 So much of the county of Perth as is contained 
 within the Eastern or Blairgowrie and Perth County 
 Districts, inclusive of the city of Perth and all 
 burghs situated within the said county districts. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 RENFREW. 
 
 Contents o>f Parliamentary County. 
 
 The county of Renfrew, inclusive of all burghs situated therein, 
 except the burghs of Greenock and Paisley, together with so 
 much of the burgh of Renfrew as is contained within the 
 parish of Govan in the county of Lanark. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 553 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Diviaio-ns of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 EASTERN . 
 
 The Upper County District, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, except the burghs of Paisley and 
 Johnstons, together with so much of the burgh of 
 Renfrew as is contained within the parish of Govan 
 in the county of Lanark. 
 
 WESTERN . 
 
 The Lower County District, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, except the burgh of Grecnock, 
 together with the burgh of Johnstone. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary C aunty. 
 
 ROXBURGH AND SELKIRK. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary County. 
 
 The counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, inclusive of all burghs 
 
 situated therein. 
 
 Toted number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 One. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 Name of Parliamentary County. 
 
 STIRLING AND CLACKMANNAN. 
 
 Contents of Parliamentary Co^unty. 
 
 The counties of Stirling and Clackmannan, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, except the burghs of Stirling, Falkirk and 
 Grangemouth. 
 
554 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 (3) SCOTLAND continued. 
 
 Total number of Members for Parliamentary County. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Names of Divisions of 
 
 Parliamentary County. Contents or Boundaries of Divisions. 
 
 CLACKMANNAN AND EASTERN. 
 
 The county of Clackmannan, inclusive of all burghs 
 situated therein, together with the Eastern County 
 District of the county of Stirling, exclusive of the 
 burghs of Falkirk and Grangemouth. 
 
 WESTERN. 
 
 The Central and Western County Districts of the 
 county of Stirling, inclusive of all burghs situated 
 therein, but exclusive of the burgh of Stirling. 
 
 PART III. 
 UNIVERSITIES. 
 
 Description of University Constituency. 
 
 England and "Wales : 
 
 The University of Oxford 
 
 The University of Cambridge 
 
 The University of London 
 
 The University of Wales 
 
 The University of Durham, the Victoria University of Manches- 
 ter, the University of Liverpool, the University of Leeds, 
 the University of Sheffield, the University of Birmingham, 
 
 and the University of Bristol 
 
 Scotland : 
 
 The University of St. Andrews, the University of Glasgow, the 
 University of Aberdeen, and the University of Edinburgh. . 
 
 Number of 
 Members. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 ORDERS IN COUNCIL, DIRECTIONS OF 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, &c. 
 
 [N,B, For further Orders in Council, published too late to 
 be included in this Appendix, see p. 747, infra, et seq.~] 
 
 No. CONTENTS. PAGE 
 
 1. Order in Council prescribing Forms for Registration 
 
 Purposes (R. P. 4) 555 
 
 2. Directions by Local Government Board to Registration 
 
 Officers (R. P. 2) 579 
 
 3. Memorandum as to Franchises sent by Local Government 
 
 Board to Registration Officers (R. P. 6) 589 
 
 4. Memorandum of Instructions by Registration Officers to 
 
 Overseers (R. P. 5) 597 
 
 5. Scale of Registration Expenses (Pt. P. 8) 610 
 
 6. Order in Council fixing dates (a) in connection with First 
 
 Register (R. P. 3) 613 
 
 7. Registration Officers Order, 1918 615 
 
 8. Circular Letter from Local Government Board as to 
 
 Polling Districts, &c. (R. P. 1) 618 
 
 9. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- 
 
 tration Officers dated April 6th, 1918 620 
 
 10. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- 
 
 tration Officers dated April 10th, 1918 (R, P. 12) 623 
 
 11. Order in Council dated March 22nd, 1918 626 
 
 12. Rules by Admiralty defining expression ' * afloat " 628 
 
 13. Circular Letter from Local Government Board to Regis- 
 
 tration Officers dated May 13th, 1918 (R. P. 14) 628 
 
 14. Lists of Bodies recognised by Admiralty, Army Council, 
 
 and Air Council as doing Work of National Importance 
 (R. P. 7 andR. P. 12) 635 
 
 No, 1. 
 
 OEDEE IN COUNCIL PRESCRIBING FORMS 
 FOE EEGISTEATION PUEPOSES (b). 
 
 R. P. 4. 
 
 At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of March, 
 1918. 
 
 PRESENT, 
 
 The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. 
 WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1918 
 (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are 
 to be prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: 
 
 (a] A further Order iii Council has been substituted for the Order in 
 Council referred to above. Such further order, -which has been published 
 too late to be included in this Appendix, will be found on p. 747, infra. 
 
 (b) See ss. 13 (2) and 5 (2), pp. 133, 134, and 77, svpra. 
 
56 APPENDIX I. 
 
 And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as 
 follows: 
 
 " His Majesty may by Order in Council proscribe the 
 forms to be used for registration purposes and any foes 
 to be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules, 
 contained in the First Schedule to this Act for the pur- 
 pose of carrying this Act into full effect . . . ." (s. 13 (2)). 
 " The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form 
 and verified in the prescribed manner, that he would have 
 had the necessary qualification in any constituency but for 
 the service which brings him within the provisions of this 
 section, shall for all purposes of this section be sufficient 
 if there is no evidence to the contrary." (s. 5 (2)). 
 Now, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice 
 of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as 
 follows: 
 
 1. The forms specified in the Schedule to this Order, or forms 
 to the like effect, shall be used in the cases to which they are 
 expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the Act 
 be deemed to be the prescribed forms. 
 
 2. In particular the forms of statement as therein specified 
 under heading V. (" Forms of statement to be made under s. 5 (2) 
 of the Act "), or forms to the like effect, shall be deemed to be 
 the prescribed forms of statement that a person would have had 
 the necessary qualification but for the service which brings him 
 within the provisions of the said section, and shall be verified 
 by being countersigned by an officer or other person in the 
 manner shown on the forms. 
 
 3. This Order shall not apply to Scotland or Ireland. 
 
 ALMERIC FrrzRoy. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 I. FORMS OF INFORMATION TO BE REQUIRED FROM 
 HOUSEHOLDERS, OCCUPIERS, OWNERS, AGENTS, 
 &c. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 35 (6). 
 
 FORM A (HOUSEHOLDER OR OCCUPIER). 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Particulars required from Householder or Occupier ~lnj the 
 
 Registration Officer for 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING UP THIS FORM. 
 
 (1) You will enter as a resident any person who is ordinarily 
 living in the house, whether he is actually present there on a 
 given date or not. 
 
 (2) Generally speaking, the person to be entered as occupier 
 is the person who pays rent in respect of the premises or land, 
 
 (b) For this Rule, see p. 352, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 
 
 557 
 
 where the premises or land are let, and where the premises 
 or land are not let, the owner if in occupation. 
 
 (3) A person who inhabits a dwelling house or rooms (with- 
 out payment of rent), by virtue of any office, service or employ- 
 ment, is to be treated as an occupier, so long as his employer 
 does not himself inhabit the house or rooms. 
 
 (4) Lodgers are only to be treated as occupiers where the 
 lodgings are let to them unfurnished. 
 
 (5) Where land .or premises are occupied by a partnership, 
 or otherwise by persons as joint tenants, all the members of 
 the partnership and all the joint tenants should be entered, 
 with a statement that they occupy as members of a partnership 
 or otherwise as joint tenants. 
 
 (6) A person qualified under more than one heading should 
 be entered under each of those headings. 
 
 To , Householder [Occupier] at 
 
 You are required to give information on the following points 
 for the purpose of assisting the Registration Officer in compiling 
 the Parliamentary and Local Government registers. 
 
 1. For the purpose of the PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (MEN). 
 (a) Information as to men who are resident in the premises 
 (occupier to be included if resident; men under 21 not to be 
 entered). 
 
 Names. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Other 
 
 names in 
 
 full. 
 
 State whether present residence commenced I 
 
 on or before, or after * 19 i Whether a 
 
 If after, give addresses (with dates) of 
 previous residences since that date, so far 
 as known. 
 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 (b) Information as to men (if any) who are occupiers of the 
 premises or any part thereof for the purpose of a business, 
 profession, or trade (men under 21 not to be entered). 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 State whether present occupa- 
 
 
 
 Names. 
 
 Other 
 Surname. names in 
 
 tion of the premises com- 
 menced on or before, or 
 after * 19 
 If after, give addresses (with 
 dates) of previous occupa- 
 tion since that date so far 
 
 Description 
 of 
 Business, 
 Profession, 
 or Trade. 
 
 Whether a 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 
 full. 
 
 as known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First day of qualifying period. 
 
558 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 2. For the purpose of the PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (WOMEN). 
 
 (a) Information as to women over thirty years of age who 
 are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof in their own 
 right. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Names. ; State whether present occupation of the 
 
 premises commenced on before, or after * 
 
 19 . 
 
 Other ; If after, give addresses (with dates) of 
 names in ! previous occupation since that date so far 
 full. as known. 
 
 Whether a 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 (b) Information as to married women over thirty years of 
 age whose husbands are occupiers of the premises or any part 
 thereof. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Other 
 
 names in 
 
 full. 
 
 State whether the husband's occupation of 
 
 the premises commenced on or before, or 
 
 after* 19 
 
 If after, give addresses (with dates) of 
 
 previous occupation since that date so far 
 
 as known. 
 
 Whether a 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 3, For the purpose of the LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE 
 
 (MEN). 
 
 Information as to men who are occupiers of the premises or 
 any part thereof (men under 21 not to be entered). 
 
 Names. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Other 
 
 names in 
 
 full. 
 
 State whether present occupation of the 
 
 premises commenced on or before, or i -.T^ ,.. 
 after * 19 Whether a 
 
 If after, give addresses (with dates) of 
 previous occupation since that date so far 
 as knowa. 
 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 * First day of qualifying period. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 
 
 559 
 
 4. For the purpose of the LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE 
 
 (WOMEN). 
 
 (a) Information as to women who are occupiers of the pre- 
 mises or any part thereof in their own right (women under 21 
 not to be entered). 
 
 Names. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Other 
 
 names in 
 
 full. 
 
 State whether present occupation of the 
 
 premises commenced on or before, or 
 
 after * 19 
 
 If after, give addresses (with dates) of 
 
 previous occupation since that date so far 
 
 as known. 
 
 Whether a 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 (b) Information as to married women over thirty years of age 
 who are living with their husbands at the premises, and whose 
 husbands are occupiers of the premises or any part thereof. 
 
 Nan 
 
 Surname. 
 
 aes. State whether the husband's occupation of 
 the premises commenced on or before, or 
 after * 19 
 Other If after give addresses (with dates) of 
 names in previous occupation since that date so far 
 full. as known. 
 
 Whether a 
 British 
 Subject. 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 5. For the purpose of the registration of NAVAL OR MILITARY 
 
 VOTERS. 
 
 Information as to any person who is 
 (a} serving in His Majesty's Forces, or 
 (b) serving abroad or afloat in connection with the war 
 (i) as a merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman; or 
 (ii) in some other capacity, 
 
 and who would have been, in the case of a man residing on or 
 occupying, or, in the case of a woman occupying, the premises 
 but for his or her service. 
 
 NOTE. Only men over 19 and women over 30 to be entered. 
 
 Names . 
 
 Other- 
 Surname, names in 
 full. 
 
 Male 
 
 or 
 Female. 
 
 Description of service. 
 
 fa) If in the Forces, give so 
 far as known regiment, ship, 
 number, &c. 
 
 (b) If not in the Forces, state ! 
 nature of service. 
 
 * First day of qualifying period. 
 
560 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Other information required by the registration officer. 
 (To be filled in by registration officer) . 
 
 I declare that the particulars given in this return are true 
 and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. 
 Signature 
 Date 
 
 This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- 
 viously called for should be sent by post within days from 
 this date to the address given on the back. 
 
 Signed , 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 Date 
 
 N.B. The Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918, imposes a 
 penalty in the case of failure to give the required information 
 and in the case of false information being given. 
 
 POEM B. (OWNER,, AGENT OR FACTOR.) 
 EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 To (Owner, Agent or Factor.) 
 
 For the purpose of assisting the registration officer in com- 
 piling the parliamentary and local government registers you are 
 required to give the undermentioned information in respect of 
 each person who occupies separately any part of the land or 
 premises known as 
 
 Occupiers. 
 
 Address of 
 land or 
 premises 
 occupied.* 
 
 State whether 
 dwelling house, or 
 business premises or 
 other premises. 
 
 Date on which 
 occupation 
 commenced. 
 
 Surname. 
 
 Other 
 names in 
 full. 
 
 
 
 
 
 * In the case of numbered flats, offices, &c., insert the number of the 
 flat, office, &c. In the case of unnumbered flats, offices, &c., describe 
 premises occupied, e.ff., 2 rooms 1st floor ; 1 room 4th floor, &c. 
 
 I declare that the particulars given in this return are true and 
 accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. 
 Signature 
 
 Date 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 561 
 
 This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- 
 viously called for should be sent by post within days from 
 this date to the address given on the back. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 Date 
 
 N.B. The Representation of the People Act, 1918, imposes 
 a penalty in the case of failure to give the required information 
 and in the case of false information being given. 
 
 FORM 0. (HOUSEHOLDER, OCCUPIER, OWNER, AGENT OR FACTOR.) 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 To 
 
 For the purpose of assisting the registration officer in com- 
 piling the parliamentary and local government registers you are 
 required to give supplemental information on the following 
 particular points : 
 
 Information Required . Answer . 
 
 I declare that the information given in this return is true and 
 accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. 
 Signature 
 
 Date 
 
 This form should be filled up without delay, and if not pre- 
 viously called for should be sent by post within days from 
 this date to the address given on the back. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 Date 
 
 N.B. The Representation of the People Act, 1918, imposes 
 a penalty in the case of failure to give the required information 
 and in the case of false information being given. 
 
 F. 36 
 
562 APPENDIX I. 
 
 II. POEMS OF CLAIM TO BE REGISTERED. 
 
 FIBST SCHEDULE, RULES 9 AND 10 (c). 
 
 (1) 
 MAN'S PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM (RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION) ((?). 
 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of 
 a residence qualification. 
 
 I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector 
 for the above constituency in respect of residence at* 
 
 (2) that I was residing at the qualifying premises on thef 
 
 day of last, and have resided at the qualifying pre- 
 
 mises during the whole of the six months ending on the said 
 day$; 
 
 (3) that I have attained the age of twenty-one; 
 
 (4) that I am a British subject. 
 
 Signed , 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address. 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 1 See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE (e). 
 
 If the claimant's residence commenced after the day 
 
 of ,19 , paragraph (2) must be struck out and the 
 
 following paragraph filled in and signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that I Tvas residing at the qualifying 
 
 premises on thef day of last, and that during the 
 
 six months ending on the said day I resided as follows: from 
 
 to at , from to at , 
 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Here insert first day of qualifying period. 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (c) For these rules, see pp. 342343, supra, 
 (<f) See pp. 924, tttpra. 
 (e) See pp. 23, 24, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 563 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 MAN'S PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM (BUSINESS PREMISES 
 QUALIFICATION) (/). 
 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of 
 a business premises qualification. 
 
 I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector 
 for the above constituency in respect of the occupation of the 
 following business premises* 
 
 (2) that I was in occupation of the qualifying premises pn 
 thef day of last, and have been in occupation of 
 them during the whole of the six months ending on the said] 
 day:}:; 
 
 (3) that the qualifying premises were occupied by me for 
 the purpose of my business [profession] [trade] as and 
 are of a yearly value of not less than ten pounds; 
 
 (4) that I have attained the age of twenty-one; 
 
 (5) that I iam a British subject; 
 
 (6) that I reside at 
 
 Signed 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address and description (e.g. shop at ). 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 % See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 Here insert full postal address of residence or, if claimant has no 
 settled residence, of place to which communications may be sent. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION (g}. 
 
 If the claimant's occupation of the premises commenced after 
 thej| day of ,19 , paragraph (2) must be 
 
 struck out and rthe following paragraph filled inland signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that I was in occupation of the qualifying 
 premises on thef day of last, and that during 
 
 the six months ending on the said day I have occupied qualify- 
 ing premises for the purposes of my business [profession] [trade] 
 as follows: from to at , from to 
 
 at , etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 || Here insert first day of qualifying period. 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (/) See pp. 24 37, supra. 
 (V) See p. 25, supra. 
 
 36 (2) 
 
564 APPENDIX I. 
 
 % 
 
 (3) 
 WOMAN'S PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM (OWN OCCUPATION) (&). 
 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of 
 
 own occupation, 
 I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector 
 for the above constituency in respect of the occupation of the 
 following qualifying premises* 
 
 (2) that I was in occupation of the qualifying premises on 
 thef day of last, and have been in occupation of 
 them during the whole of the six months ending on the said 
 dayi; 
 
 (3) that the annual value of the qualifying premises is not 
 less than five pounds; 
 
 (4) that I have attained the age of thirty; 
 
 (5) that I am a British subject; 
 
 (6) that I reside at|| 
 
 Signed 
 T)ate 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address and description (e.g., land at , 
 
 dwelling house at , shop at ) . 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 J See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 Strike out this paragraph where the qualifying premises are a dwelling 
 house. 
 
 || Here insert full postal address of residence or, if claimant has no 
 settled residence, of place to which communications may be sent. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION (i). 
 
 If the claimant's occupation of the premises commenced after 
 the^f day of ,19 , paragraph (2) must be 
 
 struck out and the following paragraph filled in and signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that I was in occupation of the qualifying 
 premises on thef day of last, and that during the 
 
 six months ending on the said day I occupied qualifying pre- 
 mises as follows: from to at , from 
 to at , etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 IT Here insert first day of qualifying period. 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (/) See pp. 8872, supra. 
 (t) See p. 60, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 565 
 
 (4) 
 
 WOMAN'S PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM (HUSBAND'S OCCUPATION) (A?). 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect of 
 
 husband's occupation. 
 "I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Parliamentary elector 
 in respect of the occupation by my husband of the following 
 qualifying premises* 
 
 (2) that my husband was in occupation of the qualifying pre- 
 mises on thef day of last, and has been in occupa- 
 tion of them during the whole of the six months ending on the 
 saidday$; 
 
 (3) that the annual value of the qualifying premises is not 
 less than five pounds; 
 
 (4) that I have attained the age of thirty; 
 
 (5) that I am a British subject; 
 
 (6) that I reside atfl 
 
 Signed 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address and description (e.g., land at , 
 
 dwelling house at , shop at ). 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 J See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 Strike out this paragraph where the qualifying premises are * 
 dwelling house. 
 
 || Here insert full postal address of residence or, if the claimant has no 
 settled residence, of place to which communications may be sent. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION (I}. 
 
 If the husband's occupation of the premises commenced after 
 the^[ day of , 19 , paragraph (2) must be 
 
 struck out and the following paragraph filled in and signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that my husband was in occupation of 
 the qualifying premises on thef day of last, and 
 
 that during the six months ending on the said day he occupied 
 qualify ing premises as follows: from to at , 
 
 from to at , etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 II Here insert first day of qualifying period. 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (k) See pp. 6872, tupra. 
 (t) See p. 60, supra. 
 
666 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (5) 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLAIM (ALL CASES EXCEPT THAT OP A WOMAN 
 CLAIMING IN RESPECT OF HER HUSBAND'S QUALIFICATION) (m). 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Local Government elector. 
 
 I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Local Government; 
 elector for all local government elections [except local government 
 elections for ~\ in respect of the occupation of the follow- 
 ing qualifying premises* 
 
 (2) that I was in occupation of the qualifying premises on 
 thef day of last, and have been in occupation of 
 them during the whole period of six months ending on the said 
 day$; 
 
 (3) that I have attained the age of twenty-one; 
 
 (4) that I am a British subject; 
 
 (5) that I reside at 
 
 Signed 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address and description (e.g., land at , 
 
 dwelling house at , shop at ). 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 J See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 Here insert full postal address of residence or, if claimant has no 
 settled residence, of place to which communications may be sent. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION (n}. 
 
 If the claimant's occupation of the premises commenced after 
 the|| day of ,19 , paragraph (2) must be 
 
 struck out and the following paragraph filled in and signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that I was in occupation of the qualifying 
 premises on thef day of last, and that during the 
 
 six months ending on the said day I occupied qualifying pre- 
 mises as follows: from to at , from 
 to at , etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 || Here insert first day of qualifying period. 
 T Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (z) See pp. 73, 74, supra. 
 (n) See p. 60, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 567 
 
 (6) 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLAIM (WOMEN CLAIMING IN RESPECT OF 
 HUSBAND'S QUALIFICATION (o). 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 . Address 
 
 Claim to be registered as a Local Government elector in respect 
 of husband's occupation. 
 
 I hereby declare 
 
 (1) that I claim to be registered as a Ijocal Government 
 elector for all local government elections [except local government 
 elections for ] in respect of the occupation by my husband 
 of the following qualifying premises* 
 
 (2) that my husband was in occupation of the qualifying pre- 
 mises on thef day of last, and has been in occupa- 
 tion of them during the whole of the six months ending on the 
 saiddayj; 
 
 (3) that my husband is entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector in respect of the occupation of the qualify- 
 ing premises and that we both reside there; 
 
 (4) that I have attained the age of thirty; 
 
 (5) that I am a British subject. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Any false declaration made for the purpose of this 
 claim will render the claimant liable to a penalty. 
 
 * Here insert full postal address and description (e.g., land at , 
 
 dwelling house at , shop at ). 
 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 i See instruction at foot of Form. 
 
 INSTRUCTION AS TO SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION (p). 
 
 If the husband's occupation of the premises commenced after 
 the day of ,19 , paragraph (2) must /be 
 
 struck out and the following paragraph filled in and signed: 
 
 (2) I hereby declare that my husband was in occupation of 
 the qualifying premises on thef day of last, and 
 
 that during the six months ending on the said day he occupied 
 qualifying premises as follows: from to at , 
 
 from to at , etc., etc. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Here insert frt>t day of qualifying period. 
 t Here insert last day of qualifying period. 
 
 (o) See pp. 75, 76, supra. 
 (p) See p. 60, wpra. 
 
668 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (7) 
 
 CLAIM MADE BY ONE PERSON ON BEHALF OF ANOTHER 
 (PARLIAMENTARY) (q). 
 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 I hereby claim on behalf of of that he [she] 
 
 should be registered as a Parliamentary elector for the above 
 constituency; in respect of* 
 
 Signed 
 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. The Act provides that where a claim is made by one 
 person on behalf of another the name is not to be entered on the 
 register unless the matters required to be stated in the declara- 
 tion made by a person claiming on his own behalf are proved 
 to the satisfaction of the registration officer. 
 
 * Here insert qualification (e.g^ Evidence at , Occupation of 
 
 Business Premises at , &c,), and full postal address and descrip- 
 
 tion of qualifying premises. 
 
 (8) 
 
 CLAIM MADE BY ONE PERSON ON BEHALF OF ANOTHER* 
 (LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (q}. 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 Address 
 
 I hereby claim on behalf of of that he [she] 
 
 should be registered as a local government elector for all local 
 government elections in respect of* 
 [except local government elections for ]. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Address . 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. The Act provides that where a claim is made by one 
 person on behalf of another the name is not to be entered on the 
 register unless the matters required to be stated in the declara- 
 tion made by a person claiming on his own behalf are proved 
 to the satisfaction of the registration officer. 
 
 * Here insert qualification (e.g. t Occupation of dwelling house at , 
 
 or husband's occupation of shop at , &c.) and full postal address 
 
 and description of qualifying premises. 
 
 (q] See Rule 10, p. 343, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 569 
 
 (9) 
 CLAIM FOE COREECTION OF ENTRY IN LISTS (r). 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 Address 
 
 I hereby claim that the following entry of my name in the 
 lists prepared by you* 
 should be altered as follows: f 
 Signed 
 
 Address 
 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. Where the correction claimed would give to the 
 claimant the right to vote at any election at which the claimant 
 could not vote but for the correction, there must be added to 
 this claim a declaration in the same form as that to be made by 
 a, person claiming to be registered as such a voter. 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration 
 unit. 
 
 t e.g., by removing the name from one division to another, altering the 
 mark placed against the name, correcting the particulars entered, &c. 
 
 III. CLAIM AND DECLARATION TO BE MADE BY 
 NAVAL AND MIL1TAKY VOTERS BEEOEE BEING 
 REGISTERED IN EESPECT OE AN ACTUAL RESI- 
 DENCE QUALIFICATION. 
 
 SECT. 5 (1) (a). 
 
 In the case of a merchant seaman, pilot, or fisherman, who 
 is a naval or military voter the statement set out in the form 
 prescribed for such persons under heading V. (" Eorms of state- 
 ment to be made under s. 5 (2) of the Act ") shall (if it includes 
 a statement of actual residence) be sufficient form of claim and 
 declaration . 
 
 In other cases the same form must be used as in the case of a 
 Man's Parliamentary Claim (Residence Qualification) with the 
 substitution of " month " for " six months," and of " the age> 
 of nineteen " for " the age of twenty-one "; and must be accom- 
 panied by the following declaration: 
 
 I, being a naval [military] voter hereby declare that I have 
 taken steps to prevent my being registered in a constituency 
 for which I should have had the necessary qualification but for 
 my service, as follows: * 
 
 Signed 
 * Here insert steps taken. 
 
 (/) See Rule 9, pp. 342343, supra. 
 (*) See pp. 76, 77, 9193, *upra. 
 
570 APPENDIX I. 
 
 IV. POEMS OE NOTICE OP OBJECTION. 
 
 EIEST SCHEDULE, EULE 12 ($). 
 
 (1) 
 
 OBJECTION TO LISTS OP PARLIAMENTARY OBJECTORS. 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give you notice that I object to the entry of* 
 as a Parliamentary elector. 
 
 The grounds of my objection are: 
 
 I am entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary elector 
 for the above constituency as follows: * 
 
 Signed 
 Address 
 
 Date 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration 
 unit. 
 
 (2) 
 OBJECTION TO LISTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORS. 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give you notice that I object to the entry of* 
 as a local government elector for the local government 
 
 area. 
 
 The grounds of my objection are: 
 
 I am entered in the lists of local government electors for the 
 above local government area as follows: * 
 
 'Signed 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating- registration 
 
 unit. 
 
 \ 
 
 (3) 
 OBJECTION TO CLAIMS (PARLIAMENTARY). 
 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give you notice that I object to the name of 
 being placed in accordance with the claim made in that behalf 
 in the lists of Parliamentary electors for the above constituency. 
 The grounds for my objections are as follows: 
 I am entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary elector 
 for the above constituency as follows: * 
 
 Signed 
 Address 
 
 Date 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration 
 unit. 
 
 (t) For this Rule, see p. 344, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 571 
 
 OBJECTION TO CLAIMS (LOCAL GOVERNMENT). 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give you notice that I object to the name of 
 being placed in accordance with the claim made in that behalf 
 in the lists of local government electors for the following local 
 government electoral areas: 
 
 The grounds of my objection are as follows: 
 
 I am entered in the lists of local government electors for the 
 above areas as follows: * 
 
 Signed 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists, stating registration 
 unit. 
 
 V. POEMS OF STATEMENT TO BE MADE UNDER 
 S. 5 (2) () OP THE AOT. 
 
 A. BY MEN. 
 
 Navy. 
 REPRESENTATION or THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Parent Ship (or Establishment) 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 Rank or Rating . Official No. 
 
 Age (on 15th April, 1918) . State whether R.N., R.M., 
 
 R.N.R., R.N.V.R., or R.N.D. 
 
 Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 
 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where 
 officer or man would have been residing but for his service in 
 the Forces 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of the above named officer or man 
 
 Counter-signature of officer 
 
 (M) See pp. 77, 8890, supra. 
 
672 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Army Form 
 
 REPRESENTATION OP THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Unit and Arm of the Service 
 
 Regimental Number* . Bank 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 Age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 
 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where 
 officer or soldier would have been residing but for his service? 
 in the Forces . i 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named officer or soldier . \ 
 
 Counter-signature of officer 
 
 * To be struck out in the case of an officer. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Air Force .Form 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Unit 
 
 Official number . Rank 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 Age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 1 
 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where 
 officer or airman would have been residing but for his service 
 in the Forces 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 "Signature of above-named officer or airman 
 
 Counter-signature of officer 
 
 (4) 
 
 MEN (not in H.M. Forces) serving abroad or afloat in connection 
 with the War. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Department, Body or Association under which serving 
 
 Class of work on which engaged 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 Age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including 1 
 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where! 
 man would have been residing if not serving abroad or afloat 
 in connection with the War 
 
 Address for postal communications 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 573 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named man 
 
 Counter-signature of representative of Department, Body or 
 Association under which the above-named is serving 
 
 (5) 
 
 Merchant Seamen, Pilots or Fishermen serving abroad or afloat 
 in connection with the War. 
 
 REPBESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Nature of Service (i.e., whether Merchant Seaman, Pilot, or 
 Fisherman, &c.) 
 
 Name of Vessel 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 Age (on 15th April, 1918) . Description and number 
 
 of certificate (if any) 
 
 Qualifying Address, that is, full postal address (including" 
 the County, or in London the Metropolitan Borough) where 
 man would have been residing if not serving abroad or afloat 
 in connection with the War 
 
 Where a man has not given up his residence owing to his 
 service, he should write below the qualifying address the words 
 " actual residence." 
 
 Address for postal communications 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named man 
 
 Counter-signature of representative of Board of Trade, Pilotage 
 Authority, or Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, as case may 
 be, and name of place 
 
 B. BY WOMEN. 
 
 (6) 
 
 Army Form 
 
 WOMEN serving with the Military Forces. 
 
 REPKESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Unit 
 
 Service description and regimental number if any 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, 
 land, &c.) 
 
 Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) 
 
 Full postal address of qualifying property (including the 
 County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named woman 
 
 Counter-signature of Officer or Administrator 
 
574 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (7) 
 
 Air Force Form 
 
 WOMEN Serving with the Air Force. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Unit 
 
 Service description and number if any 
 
 Surname 
 
 Christian Names (in full) 
 
 State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, 
 land, &c.) 
 
 Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) 
 
 Full postal address of qualifying property (including the 
 County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named woman 
 
 Counter-signature of Officer or Administrator 
 
 WOMEN serving abroad or afloat in connection with the War. 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Body or Association under which serving 
 
 Class of work on which engaged 
 
 Surname 
 
 'Christian Names (in full) 
 
 State if over 30 years of age (on 15th April, 1918) 
 
 Description of qualifying property (dwelling-house, shop, 
 land, &c.) 
 
 Rental value (if not a dwelling-house) 
 
 Full postal address of qualifying property (including the 
 County, or, in London, the Metropolitan Borough) 
 
 Address for postal communications 
 
 The foregoing particulars are true and accurate to the best of 
 my knowledge and belief. 
 
 Signature of above-named woman 
 
 Counter- signature of representative of Body or Association 
 under which the above-named is serving 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 575 
 
 VI. FORM OP CLAIM TO BE PLACED ON ABSENT 
 VOTERS' LIST. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 16 (a?). 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 To the registration officer for the constituency of 
 Address 
 
 I, being a person entitled to be registered as a parliamentary 
 elector for the above constituency in respect of qualifying pre- 
 mises at* , hereby claim to be placed upon the absent 
 voters' list on the ground that there is a probability that owing 
 to my occupation [service] [employment] as I shall be 
 debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections held 
 whilst the register now being prepared is in force. 
 Signed 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 * Here give postal address, stating registration unit where possible. 
 
 VII. FORMS OF NOTICE OF APPEAL. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 29 (y). 
 
 (1) 
 
 NOTICE TO REGISTRATION OFFICER OF APPEAL AGAINST HIS 
 DECISION. 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 To the registration officer for 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give notice of appeal against your decision* 
 on the following grounds: f 
 
 Signed 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 * Give particulars of decision, f.y., ' refusing to enter my name on the 
 Register of Parliamentary Electors," &c. 
 t Here insert grounds of appeal. 
 
 (x) For this Rule, see p. 345, supra. 
 (y} For this Rule, see p. 350, supra. 
 
576 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (2) 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL TO THE OPPOSITE PARTY. 
 
 REPBESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 To 
 
 Address 
 
 I hereby give you no'tice of appeal against the decision of the 
 [Registration Officer for* 
 on the following grounds: f 
 
 Signed 
 Address 
 Date 
 
 * Give particulars of decision, <?.<?., " allowing your claim to be entered 
 on the register as a Parliamentary elector," &c. 
 t Here insert grounds of appeal. 
 
 VIII. FOBM OF REQUISITION FOE A CERTIFIED COPY 
 OF ENTRY OF BIRTH. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE, RULE 38 (z). 
 REPEESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Requisition for a certified copy of entry of Birth under Rule 38 
 of the First Schedule. 
 
 To the Superintendent Registrar or other person having the 
 custody of the Register Book in which the Birth of the under- 
 mentioned person is recorded. 
 
 I, the undersigned, hereby demand for the purpose of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918, a certified copy of the 
 entry of the Birth of the person in relation to whom particulars 
 are given below. 
 
 Name of person in full 
 
 Date of Birth. The day of one thousand 
 
 hundred and . (The year to be written in words, not 
 
 figures.) 
 
 Place of Birth 
 
 Father's Name (in full) 
 
 Father Occupation 
 
 Mother's Name (in full) 
 
 Mother's Maiden Surname 
 
 Signature of Applicant 
 
 Address 
 
 Dated this day of ,19 
 
 (z) For this Rule, see p. 353, supra. 
 
REGISTRATION FORMS. 
 
 577 
 
 IX. POEM OP REGISTER (a). 
 
 Division I. contains the names of those persons who are 
 entitled to vote both as parliamentary electors and as local 
 government electors. 
 
 Division II. contains the names of those persons who are 
 entitled to vote as parliamentary electors but not as local govern- 
 ment electors. 
 
 Division III. contains the names of those persons who are 
 entitled to vote as local government electors but not as parlia- 
 mentary electors. 
 
 NOTE. f Persons against whose names the mark f is placed 
 are not entitled to vote in respect of that entry at elections of 
 County Councillors. 
 
 ^Persons against whose names the mark $ is placed are not 
 entitled to vote in respect of that entry at elections of Rural 
 District Councillors or Guardians. 
 
 Persons against whose names the mark is placed are not 
 entitled to vote in respect of that entry in the case of a Borough, 
 Metropolitan Borough or Urban District at elections for Borough 
 or District Councillors as the case may be, and in the case of a 
 Parish at elections for Parish Councillors or at Parish Meetings. 
 
 *Persons against whose names the mark * is placed will vote 
 at another polling place at Parliamentary Elections. '. 
 
 oPersons against whose name the letter a is placed are absent 
 voters. 
 
 In the fourth column the following abbreviations are used: 
 
 B. = Residence qualification. 
 
 B.P. = Business premises qualification. 
 
 0. = Occupation qualification. 
 
 H.O. = Qualification through husband's occupation. 
 
 N.M. = Naval or military voter. 
 
 DIVISION I. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AS PARLIAMENTARY 
 
 ELECTORS AND AS LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORS. 
 Constituency 
 Registration Unit 
 Polling District 
 
 t) 
 
 (2) (8) 
 
 (4) 
 
 
 
 
 Nature of 
 
 Number. 
 
 Names in full. 
 Surname first. 
 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied and Abode 
 of Non-resident 
 
 Qualification. 
 
 
 
 
 Occupier. 
 
 Parlia- 
 
 Local 
 
 
 
 
 mentary. 
 
 Govt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 (a) See Rule 2, pp. 339340, supra. 
 
 F. 
 
 87 
 
678 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 DIVISION II. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AS PARLIAMENTARY 
 ELECTORS ONLY. 
 
 (i) 
 
 Number. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Names in full. 
 Surname first. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Residence or Property 
 
 Occupied and Abode 
 
 of Non-resident 
 
 Occupier. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Nature of 
 Qualification. 
 
 DIVISION III. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AS LOCAL 
 GOVERNMENT ELECTORS ONLY. 
 
 (1) (2) (3) (4) 
 
 Number. 
 
 Names in full. 
 Surname first. 
 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied and Abode Nature of 
 of Non-resident Qualification. 
 
 
 
 Occupier. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTION'S TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 579 
 
 No. ;>. 
 
 DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE LOCAL GOVERN- 
 MENT BOARD TO REGISTRATION OFFI- 
 CERS PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(1) (cV 
 
 K. P. 2. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 
 Whitehall, S.W.I. 
 
 20th March, 1918. 
 SIR, 
 
 I am directed by the President of the Looal Government 
 Board to enclose copies of an Order in Council (a) which has 
 been mado under section 46 (2) of the Representation of the 1 
 People Act, 1918, altering, in connection with the first register, 
 the registration dates fixed in the First Schedule of the Act 
 and the dates governing the qualifying period fixed by Sections 6 
 and 11 of the Act, and of an Order in Council (6) made under 1 
 Section 13 (2) of the Act prescribing certain Forms to be used 
 for registration purposes. 
 
 It will be seen that the qualifying period for the first 
 register will be the six months ending on the 15th April next 
 and that the register will come into force on the 1st October 
 next. The effect is to extend considerably the period for the 
 preparation of that register beyond the time allowed by the 
 Eules in the First Schedule for the preparation of a normal 
 register. The periods fixed by the Eules for various stages in 
 the preparation of the electors lists and registers are corre- 
 spondingly extended. 
 
 DUTIES OF EEGISTRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 The duty of compiling the registers for a parliamentary 
 county or borough and of placing or causing to be placed therein 
 the names of persons entitled to be registered as parliamentary 
 electors and as local government electors is imposed on the 
 Registration Officer, and it will be the duty of the Registration 
 Officer to comply with any general or special directions given 
 by the Local Government Board with respect to the arrange- 
 ments to be made by him for carrying out his duties (S. 13) (c). 
 
 The Board propose to deal in this Circular with matters 
 immediately concerned with the preparation of the electors 
 lists. They feel that the procedure to be adopted in each regis- 
 tration area must to some extent depend on local circumstances, 
 and they do not at the present time regard any specific instruc- 
 tions to the Registration Officers as necessary. Mr. Hayes Fisher 
 
 (z) See p. 133, supra. 
 
 (a) For this Order in Council, see pp. 613 614, infra. 
 
 (b) For this Order in Council, see pp. 555 578, supra. 
 (e) Seep. 133, supra. 
 
 37(2) 
 
580 APPENDIX I. 
 
 desires, however, to refer to Rule 6 (d) in the First Schedule, 
 which requires the Registration Officer to cause a house to house, 
 or other sufficient inquiry, to be made for the purpose of ascer- 
 taining the names of persons entitled to be registered. In con- 
 nection with this subject attention is called to the observations 
 in the memorandum of instructions to overseers (e), as to the 
 utilisation of Form A. prescribed by the Order in Council. 
 
 It will be observed that by Rule 36 (/) the Registration Officer 1 , 
 subject to any directions given by the Board, has access to the 
 national register compiled under the National Registration Act, 
 1915. The Board have no doubt that the Clerk to the Local 
 Registration Authority will give any necessary assistance for 
 the purpose of supplementing the information obtained by the 
 persons making the above-mentioned inquiry, or otherwise for 
 facilitating the preparation of the electors lists and register, 
 and the Board do not at present think it necessary to give any 
 specific directions in the matter. It is, however, desirable that 
 where the register is not in the charge of the Registration Officer, 
 and access to it is desired for the overseers or other persons 
 engaged in preparing the lists, he should himself arrange with 
 the Clerk to the Local Registration Authority as to the times 
 when and manner in which reference may be made to the register. 
 
 CERTIFICATES OF BIRTH AND STATUTORY DECLARATIONS. 
 
 Under Rule 37 (#) in Schedule 1, a person before being regis- 
 tered may be required by the Registration Officer to produce 
 a certificate of birth or of naturalisation or to make a statutory 
 declaration that he or she is of the requisite age or is a British 
 subject, as the case may be. The form of requisition (h} for a 
 certificate of birth, it will be seen, is prescribed by the Order in 
 Council. Any fee payable in connection with a declaration 
 will be paid by the Registration Officer. Ordinarily, the Board 
 do not think that for the purposes of preparing the electors; 
 lists any such requirement should be necessary. If in any special 
 case a certificate of birth or declaration is found necessary, 
 it ishould only be required under the express direction of the 
 Registration Officer. 
 
 FRANCHISES. 
 
 Copies of a memorandum (&) as to the franchises created by 
 the new Act are enclosed. The new parliamentary franchises 
 take the place of all parliamentary franchises existing at the 
 time of the passing of the Act, and the new local government 
 franchises take the place of all local government franchises exist- 
 ing at the time of the passing of the Act so far as respects. 
 
 (d) For this Rule, see p. 341, supra. 
 
 (e) For this memorandum, see pp. 597 609, infra. 
 (/) For this Rule, see p. 352, tupra. 
 
 (g) For this Rule, see pp. 352 353, supra. 
 (A) For this Form, see p. 576, supra. 
 () See pp. 589596, infra. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 581 
 
 elections for county councils, municipal borough councils, metro- 
 politan borough councils, district councils, boards of guardians, 
 parish councils, and any other bodies elected at the time of the 
 passing of the Act by persons on the local government register 
 of electors or on the register of parochial electors. 
 
 Some points in which the new franchises differ from those 
 hitherto in force may be mentioned: 
 
 Woman suffrage. Women are for the first time admitted to 
 the parliamentary franchise, and their rights to the local govern- 
 ment franchise are considerably enlarged. 
 
 Naval or military^ voters. A new class of electors is created, 
 termed naval or military voters, whose qualifications, etc., are 
 explained in the memorandum (Z). 
 
 Period of qualification. The period of qualification for both 
 the parliamentary franchise and the local government franchise 
 is ishortened from twelve months to six months, and there will 
 be normally two periods of qualification in each year, namely, 
 the period of six months ending on the 15th of January and the 
 period of six months ending on the 15th of July, including in 
 each case the fifteenth day. In the case of naval or military 
 voters and persons who have served as members of the naval 
 or ^military or air forces of the Crown at any time during the,. 
 six months of the qualifying period and have ceased to serve, 
 the period of qualification is further shortened to one month. 
 For the purposes of the preparation of the first register 
 under the Act, the qualifying period will be the six 
 months ending on the 15th April, 1918. 
 
 Eating and payment of rates, etc. No condition as to the 
 rating of qualifying premises or the payment of rates or assessed 
 taxes is any longer imposed. 
 
 Lodgers. The lodger franchise as such disappears for par- 
 liamentary purposes, being superseded by the residence qualifica- 
 tion. For the local government franchise, however, lodgers are 
 recognised as tenants where they occupy rooms let to them in 
 an unfurnished state. 
 
 Receipt of poor relief, etc. -The disqualification for the par- 
 liamentary and the local government franchise arising from the 
 receipt of poor relief or other alms is removed. 
 
 ORDER OF NAMES IN EEGISTER. 
 
 The names in the register of a registration unit (m) in a 
 parliamentary borough will be arranged in street order unless 
 the Council whose Clerk is the Eegistration Officer considers, 
 having regard to the general character of the area forming 
 the unit that arrangement to be inapplicable (n). If the unit 
 is in a parliamentary county the names will be arranged in 
 alphabetical order unless the Council whose Clerk is the Eegistra- 
 
 (?) See pp. 589596, infra, 
 (m) See Rule 1, p. 339, suprc. 
 () See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. 
 
582 APPENDIX 1. 
 
 tion Officer considers that arrangement in street order is possible 
 and convenient ( w) . 
 
 In many municipal boroughs and urban districts in a county, 
 arrangement of the names in street order will no doubt be the 
 most convenient method, and in some parliamentary boroughs 
 there may be registration units where the names can only be 
 arranged in alphabetical order. You should at once bring such 
 cases to the notice of your Council, so that the necessary direc- 
 tion may be given as early as practicable with a view to the 
 electors lists being prepared with the names in the order con- 
 sidered to be appropriate. 
 
 EMPLOYMENT OF OVERSEERS. 
 
 The Eegistration Officer may require the overseers of a parish 
 to prepare on his behalf the electors lists for the parish or for 
 any .registration unit forming part of the parish, and to make 
 the necessary inquiries for the purpose and to publish the lists, 
 (Schedule \, Rule 7) (o). In the case of many parishes, espe- 
 cially those in parliamentary counties, the Registration Officer 
 will probably find it convenient to require the overseers to make 
 out the lists. Copies of a memorandum of instructions (p] are, 
 enclosed which will be available for supply to the overseers, 
 assistant overseers, and other persons employed in making out 
 the electors lists, and can also be supplied to persons employed 
 by the Registration Officer where he himself prepares the electors! 
 lists. 
 
 The instructions are intended as a general guide, and the 
 Registration Officer will supplement them in such particulars 
 as he may think desirable. 
 
 He should particularly inform the persons preparing the lists 
 of any case in which there is a departure from the general rule 
 that the lists of a registration unit in a parliamentary borough 
 are to be made out in street order and in a parliamentary county 
 in alphabetical order (g). 
 
 Any direction given to the overseers to prepare the lists should 
 indicate that the .assistant overseer or rate collector or vestry 
 clerk should be empk^ed. In this connection it will be borne 
 in mind that an assistant overseer or other officer who, being 
 in office at the time of the passing of the Act, suffers any direct 
 pecuniary loss in consequence of the Act is entitled to claim 
 compensation under Section 18 (/), in accordance with the 
 applied provisions of Section 120 of the Local Government Act, 
 1888. The compensation will be payable as registration expenses 
 undpr the Act. Whore the Registration Officer docs not call 
 upon the overseers to prepare the lists, and the assistant over- 
 seer or other officer who previously received remuneration for 
 registration work is prepared to do the work, Mr. Hayes Fisher 
 
 () See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. 
 
 (<>} For Rule 7, see pp. 341342, *upr<t. 
 
 (p] See pp. 597 609, infra. 
 
 (q) See preceding page. 
 
 (/) See pp. 148 149, tupra< 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 583 
 
 is of opinion that such officer should be employed, unless there 
 are special reasons for not utilising his services. Even where 
 the assistant overseer or other officer has not received special 
 remuneration for registration work in the past, it is desirable 
 that he should be employed, wherever practicable, to assist the 
 Registration Officer. If the Registration Officer wishes that the 
 overseers should do the work and there is no assistant overseer, 
 etc., of the parish, or such officer has been called up for military 
 service, it will be open to the Registration Officer to employ 
 some person to assist the overseers or authorise them to employ 
 a suitable person (s). 
 
 REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 
 
 By Section 15 (1) (t) of the Act the expenses incurred by tho 
 Registration Officer, including charges for his trouble, care and 
 attention in the performance of his duties will be paid by the 
 Council whose Clerk is the Registration Officer, subject to such 
 contributions by the Councils of other areas included in the 
 registration area, as the Board may direct; and under sub- 
 section (4) of the section one half of the amount so paid by 
 the Council is to be paid out of moneys provided by Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 Any reasonable expenses incurred by overseers (including the 
 remuneration of the assistant overseer or other paid officer) are 
 to be paid by the Registration Officer as part of his registration 
 expenses (s). 
 
 The Treasury are empowered by sub-section (2) of Section. 
 15 (v) to frame a scale of registration expenses applicable to all 
 or any class or classes of those expenses, and to alter the seal 
 as and when they think fit. Any expenses to which a scale so, 
 framed is applicable are to be deemed to have been properly 
 incurred if they do not exceed the amount fixed by the scale, 
 or if being in excess of that amount such excess is specially 
 sanctioned by the Council and the Treasury. With regard to 
 expenditure to which no scale framed by the Treasury is appli- 
 cable any question as to whether the expenditure has been 
 properly incurred is to be determined by the Board. 
 
 In accordance with the provision above mentioned, the Treasury 
 have framed a scale (#) indicating the maximum expenditure 
 which may be incurred by the Registration Officer in respect 
 of his own fees and the fees payable to any Deputy appointed 
 by him, and in respect of the remuneration of the clerks, assistant 
 overseers and other persons engaged in connection with the pre- 
 paration of the lists and registers. Copies of the scale (a>) are 
 enclosed, and it will be observed that it is to apply only to the 
 first two registers. 
 
 The Council, if they think fit, may make to the Registration 
 Officer an advance of such amount and on such conditions as 
 
 (*) See Rule 7, pp. 341 342, supra. 
 
 (t) See pp. 139, 140, supra. 
 
 (t>) See pp. 140, 141, supra. 
 
 (x) For this Scale, see pp. 610612, infra. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 they may approve (y} . Such an advance will generally be re- 
 quired in order to meet current expenses such as remuneration 
 of temporary clerks and canvassers, cost of stationery, postage, 
 travelling expenses, etc. The Board cannot express any opinion 
 as to the amount of the advance which will be needed, as this 
 will depend on the circumstances of each case, but no advance 
 will be necessary to cover the cost of printing the lists and 
 registers under the contracts made by the Stationery Office or 
 of the forms or other matter supplied by that Department under 
 the arrangements subsequently described. 
 
 In view of the great need for economy at the present time it 
 is hoped that Eegistration Officers will endeavour to avoid any 
 expenditure that is not strictly necessary, and in particular that 
 they will as far as possible be able to arrange with the consent 
 of their Council for the free use of their existing office accom- 
 modation. Where, however, the hiring of additional offices is 
 unavoidable the cost of these may be defrayed as part of .tho 
 Registration Officer's out-of-pocket expenditure. 
 
 As regards the accounts which should be kept of the regis- 
 tration expenses, instructions (2) will be issued to Eegistration 
 Officers by the Treasury. In the meantime each Eegistration 
 Officer should keep complete and accurate records of the various 
 items of expenditure with vouchers, and he should instruct the 
 overseers to do so likewise if the electors lists are prepared 
 by them. 
 
 PRINTING ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 A most important item of expenditure in connection with the 
 registration of the electors, half of which will be borne by the 
 State, is the cost of printing the electors lists and registers, 
 and the supply of various forms which will be provided by the 
 Stationery Office, and the following arrangements have been 
 made by the Stationery Office with the consent of the Treasury: 
 
 The Stationery Office will supply direct to the Eegistration 
 Officer such copies of prescribed forms as they require. Imme- 
 diately Form A. () has been printed off, a supply, based on the 
 approximate number of electors in each registration area, will 
 be sent to the Eegistration Officer for distribution to the over- 
 seers or other officers engaged in the work of preparing the 
 lists. Copies of Form B. (6) and Form C. (c) prescribed by the 
 Order in Council will be sent on demand, together with sheets 
 for the purpose of entering therein the requisite particulars of 
 persons entitled to be registered. 
 
 It is essential that the greatest economy should be exercised 
 in regard to use of paper, and the Board do not think that it 
 should be necessary to furnish special books for the purpose of 
 inquiries, especially if Forms A. are personally left and called 
 
 (y) See sect. 15 (5), p. 141, supra. 
 
 (z) These Instructions have not, up to the time of going to press been 
 issued. 
 
 (a) For this Form, see_pp. 556 560, supra. 
 (*) For this Form, see pp. 560561, supra, 
 (c} For this Form, see p. 561, supra. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 585 
 
 for, when any necessary explanations can be given to assist 
 persons in completing them. These forms filled up by house- 
 holders, occupiers, etc., together with any particulars obtain- 
 able from the rate books, will be the main source of information 
 required in preparing the lists, and if a house to house service 
 and collection of the returns is systematically made to ensure 
 that all occupiers receive and fill up Form A. the Board would 
 not anticipate any need for supplying books or stationery beyond 
 what each officer should himself have available for the purpose. 
 Small memorandum books or sheets in block form can, however, 
 be supplied by the Stationery Office if desired. 
 
 Copies of the memorandum of instructions to overseers (d), and 
 of the memorandum as to franchises (e) will be obtainable from 
 the Stationery Office 011 demand indicating the quantities re- 
 quired. In addition to prescribed forms, it is contemplated that 
 the .Stationery Office will supply forms for various purposes 
 required by Registration Officers. A list of the forms to 
 be supplied will be sent to each Registration Officer in due course. 
 
 As regards the printing of the electors lists and register, it 
 is the intention that these will not be printed independently, 
 but that in every case the type used for printing the lists should 
 stand, and at a later stage be used for printing the register. 
 The Stationery Office will enter into the contracts with the 
 local printers on behalf of the Registration Officer, who will in 
 this respect be in the same position as a Government Depart- 
 ment whose printing is done through the Stationery Office. The 
 period of the contract is proposed to be from the date of accep- 
 tance until the completion of the first of the half-yearly registers 
 made in the year 1920, and in the discretion of the Controller 
 of the Stationery Office the period may be extended up to the 
 completion of the first register of 1922. 
 
 Forms of contract will be prepared by the Stationery Office 
 and supplied to the Registration Officer, and on receipt of these 
 the Registration Officer should at once take steps to publish 
 as widely as possible, by advertisement or otherwise, that tenders 
 may be made to him for the printing of the lists and registers. 
 When the tenders are received they should be forwarded to the 
 Stationery Office by the Registration Officer with any observa- 
 tions he wishes to make as to the merits of the tenders. In 
 forwarding the tenders the Registration Officer should inform 
 the Stationery Office of the number of copies estimated to be 
 required of the lists and register respectively, the number being 
 kept as low as practicable. In fixing the number of copies of 
 the register it would, of course, be considered whether, in view 
 of the use of the several divisions for parliamentary and local 
 government elections, as the case may be, a greater number of 
 copies will be required by Division I. (<?). Looking to the large 
 amount of work which the printing will involve and the limited 
 
 (d) For this memorandum, see pp. 597 609, infra. 
 
 (e) For this memorandum, see pp. 589 596, infra, 
 (g] For form of register, see pp. 577578, stiprc. 
 
586 APPENDIX I. 
 
 time for its execution, it will probably be necessary in most 
 constituencies that the printing should be divided amongst several 
 printers, so as to secure the expeditious printing of the lists 
 and registers. The tender form will therefore be so drawn that 
 a printer may tender for part of the lists and register for a con- 
 stituency, but each part tendered for should comprise a sub- 
 stantial section of the register. It will, of course, be open to 
 any printer to tender for as many complete sections as he will 
 be in a position to undertake. 
 
 The contract will cover the printing of the lists of absent 
 voters, as well as the electors lists and register. The printer 
 will not bind any portion of the matter printed by him, but he 
 will stitch or wire together the sheets belonging to each registra- 
 tion unit, or the sheets belonging to each division of the regis- 
 tration unit, as the Registration Officer may think most 
 convenient. The Registration Officer may, however, arrange for 
 two copies of the complete register of each constituency to be 
 bound, one bound copy being for his own use and the other for 
 transmission to this Department. 
 
 The contract will also provide for printing the lists of 
 claims (h) and objections (i) if the Registration Officer requires 
 this. It will be in the discretion of the Registration Officer to 
 arrange for these lists being printed elsewhere if convenient*, 
 but in cases where the lists are very short, typed copies would 
 suffice. 
 
 The Registration Officer will himself arrange for any print- 
 ing work considered to be necessary and not done or supplied 
 by the Stationery Office, and he will also procure stationery, 
 etc., required for carrying ovit his duties. 
 
 The Stationery Office will supply all paper for the lists and 
 registers printed under contract with them, and the printers, 
 will account to the Station &ry Office for its use. The Stationery 
 Office will not supply paper for printing not done under the, 
 contract. 
 
 The Registration Officer will realize that the arrangements, 
 undertaken by the Stationery Office are to facilitate the print- 
 ing under the exceptional conditions prevailing, and that he 
 will not be relieved of his responsibility for the proper prepara- 
 tion of the lists and registers. It will be provided for in the 
 contract that the printer must comply with tho directions of 
 the Registration Officer as to time for receiving proofs, correc- 
 tions, etc., and he will be required to deliver to the Registration 
 Officer prints in the various stages as may be needed. 
 
 The Registration Officer will make his own arrangements as 
 to the manuscript lists being sent on direct from the overseers 
 to the printer or through him, but the Board would suggest 
 that he should in every case inspect such lists before they are 
 forwarded to the printer. In any case the overseers should 
 retain the draft or a copy of the lists so as to avoid dolay 
 
 (A) See Rule 11, p. 343, .supra. 
 
 (i) See Rule 15, p. 344345, supra. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 587 
 
 which might occur through loss or miscarriage. It will probably 
 be found convenient to provide for parts of the lists as soon, 
 as prepared to be sent at once to the printer, so that the printer 
 may be able to proceed with the work and not wait for the whole, 
 of the draft lists he has undertaken to print. In connection 
 with this, see paragraph 6 (k) in the instructions to overseers. 
 
 APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 Section 12 (3) (I) of the Act provides that any of the duties 
 &nd powers of the Registration Officer may be performed and 
 3xeicised by any Deputy for the time being approved by the 
 Board. It is desirable that the Registration Officers should as 
 early as practicable consider to what extent they will require 
 io employ deputies, and inform the Board of their proposals. 
 In many registration areas there will be no necessity to appoint 
 deputies, but in the case of registration areas comprising a 
 number of constituencies the employment of some deputies may 
 be needed. In connection with the number of deputies to be 
 appointed, it will be seen from the scale of registration 
 expenses (m) fixed by the Treasury that the fee provided for 
 the remuneration of the Registration Officer includes the re- 
 muneration of any deputy appointed by him. The actual fee 
 payable to any deputy will be a matter for arrangement between 
 the Registration Officer and the deputy. Subject to any par- 
 ticular duties which the Registration Officer may prefer to retain 
 under his own control, it would seem a convenient arrangement 
 that the deputy should be appointed for a constituency or con- 
 stituencies, and Mr. Fisher would not, as a general rule, be 
 willing to approve of the appointment of a deputy for an area 
 less than an entire constituency. 
 
 Mr. Fisher thinks it desirable that, where it is proposed to 
 employ a deputy, the clerk to some one of the larger authorities 
 of the local government areas situate in the constituency or 
 constituencies should be the deputy for the whole of the con- 
 stituency or constituencies, but where a clerk proposed to be 
 appointed is a whole time officer of a local authority, the consent 
 of the authority to his acting as a deputy must be obtained. 
 
 Any application to the Board for the approval of a deputy 
 should specify the area for which he is to act, and the precise 
 duties to be delegated to him, and, where the deputy is a whole 
 time officer of an authority, should indicate that the consent of 
 the authority has been obtained. 
 
 In a further circular which will be sent as soon as possible, 
 the Board propose to refer to the procedure to be adopted by 
 Registration Officers in dealing with claims and objections and 
 -otherwise in making up the register, and to various other matters 
 such as the period for keeping documents published and fees 
 chargeable for supply of copies of lists, etc. 
 
 (k] P. 601, infra. 
 
 (I) See pp. 130131, supra. 
 
 (m) See pp. 610612, infra. 
 
588 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Mr. Fisher realises that the new Act imposes upon Eegistration 
 Officers much responsibility and a considerable amount of work 
 which in present conditions can only be carried out under diffi- 
 culties, but he feels confident that, in view of the importance 
 of securing that the new Eegister shall be as complete and 
 accurate as possible, the Eegistration Officer will use every effort 
 to promote the smooth and efficient working of the machinery 
 provided by the Act. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 (Signed) H. C. MONRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 To 
 
 The Eegistration Officer. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISES. 589 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 MEMORANDUM (a) AS TO THE FEANCHISES 
 CREATED BY THE PRESENT ACT. 
 
 R. P. 6. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISES. 
 Definitions. 
 
 A person's age is that person's age on the last day of tho 
 qualifying period (&). 
 
 The expression " qualifying period " means the period of 
 six months ending in the case of the first register on 
 the 15th April, 1918 (c) 3 and in the case of registers 
 in subsequent years on the 15th day of January (d) 
 or the 15th day of July (d), including in each "case 
 the fifteenth day, but in the application of this ex- 
 pression to a person who is a naval or military voter, 
 or who has been serving as a member of the naval, 
 military or air forces of the Crown at any time during 
 the period of such six months, and has ceased so to serve, 
 one month is to be substituted for six months (e). 
 
 The expression " constituency " means any county, borough, 
 or combination of places, or university* or combination 
 of universities, returning a member to serve in Parlia- 
 ment; and where a county or borough is divided for 
 the purpose of parliamentary elections means a division 
 of the county or borough so divided (/) . 
 
 The expression " local government electoral area " means 
 the area for which any county council, municipal 
 borough council, metropolitan borough council, district 
 council, board of guardians, parish council, or any other 
 body elected at the time of the passing of the Act by 
 persons on the local government register or on the 
 register of parochial electors is elected (gr). 
 
 The " yearly value " of land or premises is to be taken to 
 be the gross estimated rental, or in the metropolis the 
 gross value, where those premises are separately assessed 
 to rates and in any other case is to be deemed to be tlie 
 amount which would in the opinion of the registration 
 officer be the gross estimated rental or gross value, as 
 the case requires, if they were separately assessed (h). 
 
 (a) This memorandum was sent by the Local Government Board to 
 Registration Officers together with the Directions set out on pp. 579 
 588, supra, and is referred to in such Directions at pp. 580 and 585, supra. 
 
 (b) See p. 4, supra. 
 
 (c) See pp. 128129, supra. 
 
 (d) See sect. 6, p. 94, supra, 
 (c) See sect. 6, p. 94, supra. 
 
 (/) See sect. 41 (1), p. 305, supra. 
 
 Iff) See sect. 41 (2), pp. 305306, supra. 
 
 (h) See sect. 41 (9), pp. 307308, supra, and pp. 2833, 6870, supra. 
 
590 APPENDIX I. 
 
 The expression " dwelling house " includes any part of a 
 house where that part is occupied separately a? a 
 dwelling house (i). 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (MEN). 
 
 1 . A man is entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector 
 for a constituency if he is a British subject of full age and not 
 subject to any legal incapacity and has either 
 
 (i) The requisite residence qualification, or 
 (ii) The requisite business premises qualification (&)-. 
 
 2. Residence Qualification. In order to have this qualifica- 
 tion a man 
 
 (a) Must, on the last day of the qualifying period,* be resid- 
 
 ing in premises in the constituency, and 
 
 (b) Must, during the whole of the qualifying period,* have 
 
 resided in premises in the constituency (I), subject, how- 
 ever, to the provisions in regard to successive residence 
 hereinafter mentioned. (See paras. 17 and 19,) 
 
 3. A man, who is an inmate or patient in any prison, lunatic 
 asylum, workhouse, poorhouse, or any other similar institution, 
 is not to be treated as resident therein for the purposes of this 
 qualification (m). 
 
 4. Business Premises Qualification. In order to have thi-> 
 
 qualification a man 
 
 (a) Must, on the last day of the qualifying period,* be occupy- 
 
 ing business premises in the constituency, and 
 
 (b) Must, during the whole of the qualifying period,* have 
 
 occupied business premises in the constituency {n}, sub- 
 ject, however, to the provisions in regard to the suc- 
 cessive occupation of premises hereinafter mentioned, 
 (See para. 17.) 
 
 5. The expression business premises means land or other pre- 
 mises of the yearly value of not less than 10, occupied for the 
 purpose of the business, profession, or trade of the person to be 
 registered (o). 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE (WOMEN). 
 
 6. A woman is entitled to be registered as a parliaments^- 
 elector if she is a British subject, and has attained the age of 
 30 years and is not subject to any legal incapacity and has the. 
 requisite qualification (p}. 
 
 7. In order to have the requisite qualification, which is based 
 
 * N.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the 
 six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. 
 
 (i) See sect. 41 (8), p. 307, supra^ and pp. 49 54, 70, supra. 
 
 (Jc) See sect. 1, pp. 1 3, supra. 
 
 (T) See pp. 924, supra. 
 
 (m) See sect. 41 (5), p. 306, supra. 
 
 (n) See pp. 2437, supra. 
 
 (o) See pp. 2836, supra. 
 
 (p) See sect. 4 (1), p. 63, supra. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISES. 591 
 
 on such occupation in a constituency of land or premises aa 
 confers the local government franchise, the woman or (if she 
 is married and is not herself the occupying owner or tenant) her 
 husband : 
 
 (a) Must on the last day of the qualifying period* be occupy- 
 
 ing as owner or tenant land or premises (other than a 
 dwelling house) of a yearly value of not less than 5, 
 or a dwelling house, and 
 
 (b) Must during the whole of the qualifying period* have- 
 
 so occupied land or premises (other than a dwelling 
 house) of the yearly value of not less than 5, or a 
 dwelling house (g). 
 
 8. For the purposes of this franchise the following points 
 should be noted: 
 
 (i) A dwelling house may be part of a house if such part is 
 occupied .separately as a dwelling house (r). 
 
 (ii) A lodger is not to be considered as a tenant unless the 
 lodging is let to her or him in an unfurnished state (s). 
 
 (iii) A person who inhabits a dwelling house, as above defined, 
 by virtue of any office, service, or employment is, if the 
 dwelling house is not inhabited by the person in whose 
 service she or he is in such office, service or employ- 
 ment, deemed to occupy the dwelling house as a 
 tenant . 
 
 SPECIAL PARLIAMENTARY FRANCHISE FOR NAVAL OR MILITARY 
 
 VOTERS. 
 
 9. A naval or military voter may be a man or a woman who is 
 engaged in such service as hereinafter mentioned, and will be 
 entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for any 
 constituency for which he or she would have had the necessary 
 qualification but for his or her service. A naval or military 
 voter must be a British subject and must, if a man, at the com- 
 mencement of his service have attained, or during his service- 
 attain, the age of 19 years, and, if a woman, must have attained 
 the age of 30 years, and in either case must not be subject to 
 any legal incapacity (u), 
 
 10. In order to rank as a naval or military voter a person 
 must 
 
 (i) be serving on full pay as a member of any of the naval, 
 
 military, or air forces of the Crown, or 
 (ii) be abroad or afloat in connection with any war in which 
 
 His Majesty is engaged, and be: 
 
 (a) in service of a naval or military character for 
 
 * ET.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the 
 six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. 
 
 (q) See pp. 6872, supra. 
 
 (r) See sect. 41 (8), p. 307, titpra, and pp. 4954, 70, supra. 
 
 (s) Seep. 69, supra. 
 
 (t) See pp. 69, 4956, supra. 
 
 (u) See sect. 5 (1) and (3), p. 7679, supra. 
 
592 APPENDIX I. 
 
 which payment is made out of moneys provided by Par- 
 liament, or (where the person serving was at the com- 
 mencement of his or her service resident in the United 
 Kingdom) out of the public funds of any part of His 
 Majesty's Dominions, or^in service as a merchant sea- 
 man, pilot, or fishermanfincluding the master of a mer- 
 chant ship or fishing boat and an apprentice on such a 
 ship or boat, or 
 
 (b) serving in any work of the British Bed Cross'. 
 Society, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 
 England, or any body with a similar object, or 
 
 (c) serving in any other work recognised by the 
 Admiralty, Army Council, or Air Council, as work of 
 national importance in connection with the war (a;). 
 
 11. The right of a naval or military voter to be registered 
 as a parliamentary elector is to be in addition to any other right 
 to be registered (y}. But a male naval or military voter is not 
 to be entitled to be registered for a constituency in respect of an 
 actual residence qualification in the constituency except on mak- 
 ing a claim for the purpose, accompanied by a declaration in 
 the prescribed form, that he has taken reasonable steps to pre- 
 vent his being registered as a naval or military voter for any 
 other constituency (z). 
 
 12. The statement of any person, made in the prescribed form 
 and verified in the prescribed manner that he or she would have 
 had the necessary qualification in a constituency but for the 
 service which entitled him or her to rank as a naval or military 
 voter is to be sufficient for all purposes of such qualification, 
 if there is no evidence to the contrary (a). 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT FBANCHISE. 
 
 13. A man or woman is entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector for a local government electoral area if he 
 or she is a British subject of full age and not subject to any 
 legal incapacity and has the requisite qualification (&). 
 
 14. In order to have the requisite qualification the man or 
 woman: 
 
 (a) must on the last day of the qualifying period* be occupy- 
 
 ing as owner or tenant land or pTemises in the local 
 government electoral area, and 
 
 (b) must during the whole of the qualifying period* have so 
 
 occupied land or premises in the local government elec- 
 toral area (c), subject, however, to the provisions in 
 
 * N.B. In the case of the first register the qualifying period is the 
 six months ending on the 15th April, 1918. 
 
 (x) See sect. 5 (3), and pp. 8285, supra. 
 
 (y} See pp. 91, 92, supra. 
 
 (z) See sect. 5 (1), and pp. 91 93, supra. 
 
 (a] See sect. 5 (2), and pp. 8890, supra. 
 
 (b) See as to men, sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, supra, anl as to women, sect 
 4 (3), pp. 64, 65, supra. 
 
 (c} See as to men, pp. 43 62, supra, and as to women, p. 74, supra. 
 
MKMOKANiHJM AS TO FRANCHISE. 593 
 
 regard to the successive occupation of land or premises 
 as hereinafter mentioned. (See paras. 18 and 19.) 
 
 15. A woman who has attained the age of 30 years, and is not 
 subject to any legal incapacity, will be entitled to be registered 
 as a local government elector where she is the wife of a man 
 v/ho is entitled to be registered as a local government elector in 
 respect of premises in which they both reside, imd for this purpose 
 n naval or military voter who is registered in respect of a resi- 
 dence qualification which he would h#ve had but for his service, 
 is to be deemed to be resident in accordance with that qualifica- 
 tion (d}. 
 
 16. The expression '* tenant '' includes a man or woman, 
 who 
 
 (a) himself or herself inhabits any dwelling-house, or part 
 
 of a house occupied separately as a dwelling-house, by 
 virtue of any office, service, or employment if the 
 dwelling-house or the part so occupied separately is 
 not inhabited by the person in whose service he or she 
 is in such office, service, or employment (e], or 
 
 (b) occupies a room or rooms as a lodger provided that such 
 
 room or rooms are let to him or her in an unfurnished 
 state (/). 
 
 SUCCESSIVE RESIDENCE on OCCUPATION. 
 
 17. Parliamentary Franchise. A man, though he may have 
 resided in premises or occupied business premises, as the case 
 may be, in the constituency for a part only of the qualifying 
 poriod, as mentioned in paras. 2 and 4, will, nevertheless, be 
 entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector if, throughout 
 the remainder of the qualifying period, he resided in premises or 
 occupied business premises, as the case may be, in another con- 
 stituency within the same parliamentary borough or parliamen- 
 tary count} 7 , or within a parliamentary borough or parliamentary 
 county contiguous to that borough or county, or separated from 
 that borough or county by water, not exceeding at the nearest, 
 point fi miles in breadth, measured in the case of tidal water 
 from low- water mark (r/). For the purpose of this provision 
 the Administrative County of London is to be treated as a par- 
 liamentary borough (h). 
 
 18. Local Government Franchise. A man or woman, though 
 he or she may have occupied land or premises in the local govern- 
 ment area, for a part only of the qualifying period, as mentioned 
 in para. 14, will, nevertheless, where the local government area is 
 not an administrative county or county borough, be entitled to be 
 registered as a local government elector, if, throughout the re- 
 
 (d) See sect. 4 (3) (ft), and pp. 75, 76, supra. 
 
 (e) See pp. 49 56, supra. 
 (/) See pp. 57 61, wpra. 
 
 (V) See sect. 1 (2) (*), pp. 2, 3, and pp. 2324, supra. 
 (A) See sect. 1 (2) (*}, p. 3, supra. 
 
 F. 38 
 
594 APPENDIX I. 
 
 mainder of the qualifying period, he or she occupied land or 
 premises in any administrative county or county borough in which 
 the local government area is wholly or partly situate (t) . 
 
 19. In connection with the two preceding paragraphs it should 
 be borne in mind that 
 
 (i) A man is not entitled to be registered as a parliamentary 
 elector for a constituency in respect of a residence quali- 
 fication though he may have been residing in premises 
 in the constituency on the last day of the qualifying 
 period, if he commenced to reside in the constituency 
 within thirty days before the end of the qualifying 
 period, and ceased to reside within thirty days after the 
 time when he so commenced to reside (&). 
 
 (ii) A man or woman is not entitled to be registered as a local 
 government elector for a local government electoral area 
 though he or she may have been occupying land or 
 premises in the area on the last day of the qualifying 
 period, if he or she commenced to occupy the land or 
 P'remises within thirty days before the -end of the qualify- 
 ing period, and ceased to occupy the land or premises 
 within thirty days after the commencement of the 
 occupation (I). 
 
 JOINT OCCUPATION. 
 
 20. Where land or premises are in the joint occupation of 
 two or more persons, each of the joint occupiers is to be treated 
 as occupying the premises, subject as follows: 
 
 (a) In the case of the business premises qualification for the 
 
 purpose of the parliamentary franchise the aggregate 
 yearly value of the premises must be not less than the 
 amount produced by multiplying ten pounds by the 
 number of the joint occupiers (m) ; and 
 
 (b) In the case of the occupation of land or premises (not 
 
 being a dwelling-house) the aggregate yearly value 
 thereof must for the purpose of the parliamentary fran- 
 chise of women be not less than the amount produced by 
 multiplying five pounds by the number of joint 
 occupiers (ft); and 
 
 (c) Not more than two joint occupiers are to be entitled to 
 
 be registered in respect of the same land or premises, 
 unless they are bond fide engaged as partners carrying 
 on their profession, trade or business on the land or 
 premises (o). 
 
 (*) See pp. 61, 62, supra. 
 
 (k) See sect. 7 (3), p. 99, supra, and pp. 10, 11, supra. 
 1} See sect. 7 (3), and p. 43, supra, 
 (m} See sect. 7 (1), p. 98, and p. 37, supra. 
 ') See sect. 7 (1), p. 98, and p. 69, supra. 
 
 to) See sect. 1, pp. 13, sect. 3, pp. 40, 41, 56, 57, 59, sect. 4, pp. 63 
 65, 69, supra. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISE. 505 
 
 INTEREUPTION OF EESIDENCE OB OCCUPATION. 
 
 21. Residence in a house or the occupation of a house by a 
 person is not to be deemed to be interrupted by reason only of 
 permission being given, by letting or otherwise, for the occu- 
 pation of the house, as a furnished house, by some other person 
 for part of the qualifying period not exceeding four months in 
 the whole (p), or by reason only of notice to quit being served 
 and possession being demanded by the landlord of the house (g r ); 
 but the express enactment of this provision is not to affect in any 
 way the general principles governing the interpretation of the 
 expression " residence ' and cognate expressions (r) . 
 
 PROVISIONS AS TO DISQUALIFICATIONS. 
 
 22. A person is no longer disqualified from being registered 
 as a parliamentary or local government elector by reason that 
 he or some person for whose maintenance he is responsible has 
 received poor relief or other alms (). 
 
 23. A conscientious objector who either 
 
 (a) Has been exempted from all military service (including 
 
 non-combatant service) on the ground of conscientious 
 objection, or 
 
 (b) Having been convicted by- a court martial of an offence 
 
 against military law, and having represented that the 
 offence was the result of conscientious objection to mili- 
 tary service, has been awarded imprisonment or 
 detention, 
 
 is disqualified during the continuance of the war and a period 
 of five years thereafter from being registered as a parliamentary 
 or local government elector unless before the expiration of one 
 year after the termination of the war he proves to the Central 
 Tribunal as established for the purposes of the Military Service 
 Act, 1916, and obtains from that Tribunal a certificate to the 
 effect 
 
 (i) That he has during the continuance of the war taken up 
 and, so far as reasonably practicable, continued service 
 which constitutes a person (other than a person serving 
 on full pay as a member of the naval, military or air 
 forces of the Crown) a naval or military voter, or 
 (ii) That, having been exempted from military service on 
 condition of doing work of national importance, he has 
 done such work in accordance with the decision and to 
 the satisfaction of the appropriate tribunal or authority, 
 or 
 
 (iii) That, having obtained an absolute exemption from mili- 
 tary service without any such condition, he has (whether 
 before or after the 6th February, 1918) been engaged 
 
 (p) See pp. 1623, 27, 28, 45, 46, *npra. 
 
 (q) See pp. 23, 28, 46, 46, supra. 
 
 (r) See p. 11, supra. 
 
 () See sect. 9 (1), pp. 112, 116, 117, supra. 
 
 38 (2) 
 
590 APPENDIX I. 
 
 in and, so far as reasonably practicable, continued some 
 work of national importance (). 
 
 24. If a conscientious objector disqualified as above-mentioned 
 would have been entitled to be registered as a parliamentary or 
 local government elector but for that disqualification, the dis- 
 qualification is not to extend so as to affect the right of his 
 wife to be registered as a parliamentary or local government 
 elector, as the case may be (w). 
 
 25. A man or woman is not entitled to be registered as a parlia- 
 mentary or local government elector, if he or she is not a British 
 subject, and nothing in the Act, except as expressly provided, 
 is to confer on any person, whether a man or a woman, who is 
 subject to any legal incapacity to be registered either as a 
 parliamentary or local government elector, any right to be so 
 registered (x). 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. 
 March, 1918. 
 
 (t) See sect. 9 (2), pp. 112114, 117121, *upra. 
 w) See p. 121, supra. 
 *) See sect. 9 (3), pp. 114, 115, 120, 121, ,/</. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO OVERSEERS. 597 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 MEMORANDUM (a) OF INSTRUCTIONS BY 
 REGISTRATION OFFICERS TO OVERSEERS 
 OR OTHER PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE 
 PREPARATION AND PUBLICATION OF 
 THE LISTS OF ELECTORS. 
 
 1 . FRANCHISES. 
 
 The Statement as to the Parliamentary and Local Government 
 Franchises which accompanies these Instructions will inform you 
 generally as to the persons entitled to be registered as parlia- 
 mentary and local government electors respectively under the 
 Act. 
 
 2. INQUIRIES AS TO PERSONS ENTITLED TO BE EEGISTERED. 
 
 Upon receipt of these instructions you should at once arrange 
 for a survey of the parish or other area (6) for which the electors 
 lists will be compiled by you, keeping in view the most con- 
 venient way of doing this for the purpose of making out the lists 
 in alphabetical or in street order (c), as the case may be. The 
 rate book will be, of assistance to you in arranging for this survey. 
 Hule 6 (c) of the First Schedule to the Act requires a hou~ 
 to house or other sufficient inquiry to be made, and having regard 
 to the large number of persons who will be entitled to be regis- 
 tered in respect of a residential qualification it is essential that 
 a house to house inquiry should be made in practically all cases. 
 For the purpose of eliciting the necessary information you should 
 supply each householder or occupier with Form A. (e) (copies of 
 which will be supplied to you). Where there may be more than 
 one person in occupation of premises, e.g., a house occupied 
 partly as a dwelling-house and partly as business premises, or a 
 house comprising flats, or partly let out as unfurnished rooms, 
 Form A. should be left with each occupier. In some cases, such 
 as a building containing a number of separate dwellings, or 
 suites of offices, it may be necessary to obtain information 
 from the owner or his agent as to the several occupiers, and for 
 
 (a) This memorandum was sent by the Local Government Board to 
 Registration Officers, together with the Directions set out on pp. 579 
 588, supra, and is referred to in such Directions at pp. 580 and 582, supra. 
 
 (b) See Rule 1, p. 339, supra, 
 tc) See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. 
 
 (d) For this Rule, see p. 341, supra. 
 
 () For this Form, see pp. 556560, suprn. 
 
598 APPENDIX I. 
 
 this purpose a special Form E. (/), copies of which may be 
 obtained from me, should be used, so that when information as to 
 these occupiers has been obtained Form A. (g} may be left with 
 each of them. This use of Form A. will provide a convenient 
 means of ascertaining the persons resident in or occupying pre- 
 mises who may be entitled to registration either as parliamen- 
 tary or as local government electors. 
 
 Before .leaving the Form you should insert in the space for 
 the address the address to which it, if sent by post, is to be 
 returned. A rubber stamp can be conveniently used for this 
 purpose. The spaces showing the date of delivery of the Form, 
 and the number of days within which it, if not called for, is to 
 be returned by post, must also be filled in. 
 
 In leaving the Form you should give any explanation you 
 think will assist its being filled up. It should usually be called 
 'for, as you will then see whether it has been filled in properly. 
 
 In some instances it may be found necessary at a later period 
 to make a formal service of Form A. in accordance with Rule 
 35 (&), but you should communicate with me before making any 
 such formal service explaining the circumstances in which it 
 is needed. 
 
 As soon as Form A. (g} has been returned to you, and it has 
 been verified so far as may be necessary by the rate book or 
 otherwise, you will be in a position to proceed with the making 
 up of the lists in the manner required for the purpose of forming 
 the register. 
 
 3. MODE OF MAKING OUT ELECTORS LISTS. 
 
 The electors lists will be made out for each registration unit (i) 
 in three divisions (&): 
 
 Division I. is to comprise the names of those persons who are 
 entitled to be registered both as parliamentary and local govern- 
 ment electors. 
 
 Division II. is to comprise the names of those persons who are 
 entitled to be registered as parliamentary electors but not as 
 local government electors. 
 
 Division III. is to comprise the names of those persons who 
 are entitled to be registered as local government electors but 
 not as parliamentary electors. 
 
 Each parish will be a registration unit (i) unless the parish is 
 contained in more than one voting area, that is, any polling 
 district, electoral division, borough and urban district, and any 
 ward of a borough, urban district, or parish, or any other area 
 for which a separate election is held at which the register is to 
 be used. In such a case each part of the parish for which a 
 
 (/) For this Form, see pp. 560 561, supra. 
 
 (g} For this Form, see pp. 556 560, supra. 
 
 (A) For this Rule, see p. 352, supra. 
 
 (i) See Rule 1 , p. 339, supra. 
 
 (*) See Rule 2, pp. 339340, ntpra. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO OVEK6EEKS. 699 
 
 separate part of tlie register is required for the purpose of form- 
 ing the register for each voting area will be a registration unit, 
 and you will make out separate lists for each registration unit. 
 
 The names in the lists will be entered in alphabetical order 
 if ilie registration unit is situated in a parliamentary county, 
 and in street order if the unit is situated in a parliamentary 
 borough (I). You will therefore make out the lists accordingly, 
 unless you receive from me directions to the contrary. 
 
 You will be supplied with sheets corresponding to the form (m) 
 prescribed for the register, and you will enter therein the names 
 of and other particulars required relative to the electors. As a 
 heading to each sheet you will indicate the polling district which 
 forms the registration unit or in which the registration unit is 
 comprised, and give the name of the parish, or if the parish is 
 not the registration unit the description of the unit, and the 
 appropriate Division of the lists. You will receive instructions 
 from me as to the- particulars to be inserted in the title page- 
 for each unit. 
 
 4. ENTRIES IN LISTS. 
 
 (1) In Column 1 you will not make any entries, nor should any 
 mavk be placed against the name of any person unless you 
 receive special direction from me. 
 
 (2) In Column 2 you will enter the surname and other name 
 or names of each person in full, the surname being placed first. 
 If the names in the list are to be arranged in street order the* 
 names of persons residing or occupying property at the same 
 address as shown in column 3 must be placed in strict alpha- 
 betical order. 
 
 (3) In Column 3 you will enter the address or description of 
 the premises in which the person resided or of the property 
 occupied by him on the last day of the qualifying period, which 
 is for the purposes of the first register the 15th April, 1918 (n). 
 The address of residence or property occupied before that date 
 should not be inserted. 
 
 If the person does not reside on the premises you should, 
 also enter in this column his or her actual abodo, or if he or 
 she has no settled residence the address to which postal com- 
 munications will be sent. Thus (abode 34, Duke Street, 
 Exeter). In the case of a naval or military voter, however, no 
 such address should be entered. 
 
 Where the names are arranged in alphabetical order, the 
 name of the parish should not be inserted as part of the address 
 of the qualifying premises. Where the names are arranged in 
 street order, the name of the street in which is situate the 
 qualifying premises should be inserted as a cross heading, and 
 the name or number of the premises only should be inserted 
 opposite the entry. 
 
 (1} See Rule 4, p. 340, supra. 
 
 (m) For Form of Register, see pp. 577 578, supra. 
 
 (n] See pp. 613 614, infrtt. 
 
600 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (4) The name of a naval or military voter who is still in occu- 
 pation of business premises or of promises in which he would 
 be residing but for his service (o) should ordinarily be entered 
 in Division I., as he will be a local government voter as well as 
 a parliamentary voter. Otherwise naval or military voters should 
 be entered in Division II. only. 
 
 (5) In Column 4 of each Division you will make the necessary 
 entries, '.showing the nature of the qualification in respect of 
 which persons are entitled to be registered. The various quali- 
 fications will be indicated by distinguishing letters, as follows: 
 
 E. = residence qualification. 
 
 B. P. = business premises qualification. 
 
 0. = occupation qualification. 
 
 H.O. qualification by virtue of a husband's occupation quali- 
 fication. 
 
 N.M. naval or military voter. 
 
 (i) In Division I., Column 4 is sub-divided into two parts for 
 parliamentary and local government purposes respectively. 
 
 In the case of a man residing in and occupying the qualifying 
 premises, whether business premises or not, the entries 
 will be K. in the first sub-division and O. in the second. 
 
 In the case of a man who is qualified as the occupier of busi- 
 ness premises and is not resident in the qualifying pre- 
 mises, the entries will be B.P. in the first sub-division 
 and O. in the second. 
 
 In the case of a naval or military voter who is also in occu- 
 pation of premises, the entries will be N.M. in the first 
 sub-division and O. in the second. 
 
 In the case of a woman who is resident with her husband in 
 premises occupied by him or who is the wife of a, naval 
 or military voter and would have so resided with her 
 husband but for his service, the entry in each sub- 
 division will be H.O. 
 
 In the case of a woman who is herself the occupier of a 
 dwelling-house, or of other property of a yearly value 
 of not leys than 5, the entry will be O. in each sub- 
 division. 
 
 Where a person resides in a dwelling-house which he occupies 
 by virtue of service, or in lodgings let unfurnished, 
 the entries, respectively, will be, in the case of a man, 
 B. and O., and in the case of a woman, O. and 0. 
 
 (ii) In Column 4 of Division II. only single entries will be 
 required. 
 
 In the case of a man residing in premises, the entry will be R. 
 
 In the case of a naval or military voter the entry will be 
 JN .JM.. 
 
 In the case of a woman who is the wife of a man occupying 
 land or premises (not being a dwelling-house) of the 
 yearly value of not less than 5, the "entry will be H.O. 
 
 (iii) The entry in Column 4 of Division III. will ordinarily 
 be 0. 
 
 (0) See pp 86 91, xi<pr<t. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO OVERSEERS. 601 
 
 The tables appended (/>), which give examples as to the com- 
 pilatiou pi the register, indicate how the several columns are 
 to be filled. 
 
 These instructions ax to entries in lists must be strictly ad- 
 hered to. 
 
 5. NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 The general scheme for the registration of naval or military 
 voters is explained in the appended memorandum (q). In the 
 course of your enquiries you will obtain information as to the 
 persons who appear to be entitled to registration as such voters. 
 You should keep notes of such cases for*comparison with the cards 
 which I shall send containing the statements (/) made by these 
 persons as to their right to registration, and you will be thus 
 enabled in most cases to place the names in the appropriate 
 Division of the lists. The cards should be returned to me when 
 dealt with. If any difficulty arises in a particular case you should 
 report it to me for further investigation. 
 
 6. DEALING WITH MANUSCRIPT LISTS. 
 
 If your Parish comprises more than one registration unit (s), 
 ,you are to forward to me the lists for each registration unit as 
 and when those lists are made up, without waiting for the com- 
 pk'tion of the lists of the whole parish. The draft or a copy 
 of the lists should be retained by you. 
 
 The arrangements for printing the liwts will be made by me, 
 and you will be informed whether the manuscript lists are to 
 be sent to the printers direct, or through me, and also what 
 work is to be done in the examination and correction of the 
 proofs. . 
 
 7. PUBLICATION OF LISTS. 
 
 When you receive the final prints of the electors lists relating 
 to your parish, or to any registration unit forming part of the 
 parish, you are to publish those lists () on my behalf in the 
 parish or registration unit, as the case may be, on or before the 
 loth June, 1918 (*), in the case of the first register, and on 
 or before the 1st February () and the 1st August (#) in the 
 case of registers in normal years. The mode of publication (y] 
 'will be by making copies available for inspection: 
 
 (i) By depositing* a copy in the chief post office in the parish 
 
 * This will be subject to direction by the Postmaster General. 
 
 '/>) See pp. 603604, infra. 
 //} See pp. 605609, infra. 
 
 (V) See sect. 5 (2), p. 77, supra, and Forms set out on pp. 571 574, supra. 
 s) See Rule 1, p. 339, supra, and paragraph 3, pp. 598599, supra. 
 t] See Rules 6 and 7, pp. 341342, *upra. 
 (It) See pp. 613614, infra. 
 ; See Rule 6, p. 341, tttpra. 
 (//) See Rule 31, pp. 350351, tup. 
 
602 APPENDIX I. 
 
 or registration unit to which the lists relate, or if such 
 deposit cannot be made, 
 (ii) By depositing a copy in some other convenient place 
 
 in that parish or registration unit, and 
 
 (iii) Exhibiting copies in such other manner as I may 
 instruct you as is desirable for the purpose of bringing 
 the lists to the notice of those interested. 
 You are also to publish at the same time and in the same- 
 manner the corrupt and illegal practices list '(a?) (if any) wTiich 
 will be sent to you. 
 
 The lists when published as above-mentioned must be kept 
 so published for f 
 
 and if you find any list to be destroyed, mutilated, defaced, 
 or removed you are forthwith to place another copy in its place. 
 
 8. SUPPLY OF FORMS. 
 
 You should be prepared to supply (zz) to any persons, who may 
 require them, forms of claim to be registered (a) or to be regis- 
 tered correctly (6) (as the case may be) in the electors lists 
 and of notices of objection (c) to the registration of persons- 
 whose names are included in the electors lists, or of persons 
 whose names are included in the list of claimants (d), and I 
 will supply you with such number of forms as may be necessary 
 for this purpose. 
 
 9. FURTHER INFORMATION. 
 
 It will be your further duty at any time to furnish me with 
 any information required by me respecting any persons resident 
 in or occupying land or premises in your parish or the removal 
 of any person from the parish (e). 
 
 You will keep and furnish to me a record of any cases which 
 you discover in making up the lists of persons possessing dupli- 
 cate qualifications which may necessitate my striking out the 
 name, or placing a mark against the name, of any such persons 
 in accordance with Rules 2 (/) and 23 (g) in the First Schedule 
 to the Act. 
 
 t The period during which the lists must be kept published will be- 
 communicated to you in due course. 
 
 (-) See Rule 8, p. 342, xupra. 
 (zz) See Rule 32, p. 351, xupra. 
 
 (a) For Forms, see pp. 562568, supra. 
 
 (b) For Form, see p. 569, supra. 
 
 (c) For Forms, see p. 570, wprti. 
 
 (d) For Forms, see pp. 570 571, supra. 
 
 e) See Rule 7, pp. 341342, supra. 
 
 f) For this Rule, see pp. 339 340, supra. 
 See pp. 347348, supra. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO OVERSEERS. 
 
 TABLE I. (ALPHABETICAL OEDEE.) 
 
 DIVISION I. 
 Polling District D., Parish of Corting. 
 
 (1) 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 () 
 
 Names in Full 
 (surname first). 
 
 (3) 
 
 Kesidence or Property 
 Occupied, and 
 Abode of Non-Resident 
 Occupier. 
 
 (4) 
 Nature of 
 Qualification . 
 
 . s- 
 
 
 Brown, Arthur John . . 
 Carter, Jessica . . . 
 
 High Court Farm .... 
 Rose Cottage, Burley 
 
 R. 0. 
 H.O. H.O. 
 
 
 Carter. William 
 
 Lane. 
 Do. 
 
 N.M. 0. 
 
 
 Green, Samuel 
 
 Shop, Church Road. 
 
 B.P. O. 
 
 
 Matthews Mabel 
 
 (Abode 34, Duke 
 Street, Exeter.) 
 Stone House 
 
 O. O. 
 
 
 Smith, Clarence John . . 
 
 3, Church Row 
 
 R. 0. 
 
 
 Smith, Elizabeth 
 
 Do 
 
 H.O. H.O 
 
 
 
 
 
 DIVISION II. 
 Polling District D., Parish of Corting. 
 
 (1) 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Names in Full 
 (surname first). 
 
 (3) 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied , and 
 Abode of Non-resident 
 Occupier. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Nature of 
 Qualification. 
 
 
 Archer, Henry John . . 
 
 Bell Inn 
 
 R. 
 
 
 Brown, James Arthur. 
 Green, Florence Emily. 
 
 High Court Farm 
 Shop, Church Road. 
 ( Abode 34, Duke 
 Street, Exeter.) 
 
 N.M. 
 H.O. 
 
 DIVISION III. 
 Polling District D., Parish of Corting. 
 
 (1) 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Names in Full 
 (urname first) . 
 
 (3) 
 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied, and 
 Abode of Non-resident 
 Occupier. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Nature, of 
 Qualification. 
 
 
 Black, Violet Hester.. 
 
 Orchid Villa 
 
 O. 
 
 
 Jones, Joshuti . 
 
 Land Plough Lane. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 (Abode 15, Dia- 
 mond Terrace, 11- 
 chester.) 
 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 (1) 
 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 TABLE II. (STEEET OEDEE.) 
 
 DIVISION I. 
 Polling District D., Parish of Carting. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Names in Full 
 (surname first') . 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 
 1 
 
 Nature of 
 
 1 
 
 Qualification. 
 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied, and 
 Abode of Non-resident 
 Occupier. 
 
 Parlia- 
 mentary. 
 
 Local 
 Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 QUEEN STREET continued. 
 
 Matthews, Mabel 21 0. O. 
 
 Greeu. Samuel '22. (Abode 34, Duke B.P. O. 
 
 Street, Exeter.) 
 
 Carter, Jessica 23 ! H.O. H.O. 
 
 Carter, William 23 N.M. ! O. 
 
 Smith, Clarence John. 24 ..... R. O. 
 
 Smith, Elizabeth 24 H.O. H.O. 
 
 Brown, Arthur John . . - 25 j E. O. 
 
 DIVISION II. 
 Polliny District D., Parish of Carting. 
 
 (1) 
 
 (2). 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 
 
 Residence or Property 
 
 
 Num- 
 
 Names in Full Occupied, and 
 
 Nature of 
 
 ber. 
 
 (surname first). Abode of Non-resident 
 
 Qualification. 
 
 
 
 Occupier. 
 
 
 QUEEN STREET continued. 
 
 Green, Florence Emily 22. (Abode 34, Duke ! H.O. 
 Street, Exeter.) 
 
 Brown, James Arthur. 25 . N.M. 
 
 Archer, Henry John. . Bell lun R. 
 
 DIVISION III. 
 Polling District D., Parish of Carting. 
 
 0) (2) 
 
 Nuin- Names in Full 
 ber. (surname first) . 
 
 1 
 
 (3) 
 Residence or Property 
 Occupied, and 
 Abode of Non-resident 
 Occupier. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Nature of 
 Qualification. 
 
 QUEEN STREET continued. 
 Jones, Joshua 22, Stables. (Abode O. 
 
 15, Diamond Ter- j 
 
 race, Ilehester.) 
 Black, Violet Hester.. 26 ! O. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL OK MILITARY VOTERS. 605 
 
 NAVAL OB MILITARY VOTEKS (h). 
 
 Section 5 (i) of the Act confers an entirely new electoral 
 qualification for persons described, therein as " naval or mili- 
 tary voters." These comprise the following classes:- 
 
 1. Persons serving at home or abroad on full pay as members 
 of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown. 
 
 2. The following persons serving abroad or afloat in connection 
 with the war: 
 
 (a) Persons in service of a naval or military character for 
 
 which payment is made out of moneys provided by Par- 
 liament or (where they were at the commencement of 
 their service resident in the United Kingdom) out of 
 the public funds of any of the Dominions. 
 
 (b) Persons in service as merchant seamen, pilots, or fisher- 
 
 men, including masters and apprentices. 
 
 (c) Persons serving in any work of the British Red Cross 
 
 Society or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 
 England, or any other body with a similar object.* 
 
 (d) Persons serving in any other work recognised by the 
 
 Admiralty, Army Council or Air Council as work of 
 national importance in connection with the war.* 
 Males in each of the foregoing classes are entitled to be registered 
 if they have attained 19 years of age, and females if they have 
 attained 30 years of age, on the last day of the qualifying period, 
 which in the case of the first register is the 15th April, 1918. 
 
 These naval or military voters are entitled to be registered 
 as parliamentary voters for any constituency for which they 
 would have had the necessary qualification but for the service 
 which under the Act entitled them to be registered as naval or 
 military voters. 
 
 The section provides (&) that the statement of any person made- 
 in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner 
 that he would have had the necessary qualification in any con- 
 stituency but for the service which brings him within the pro- 
 visions of the section, shall for all purposes of the section bo 
 sufficient if there is no evidence to the contrary. 
 
 An Order in Council has been issued prescribing the form (I) 
 in which these statements are to be made and verified, and 
 arrangements have been made with the Admiralty, the Army 
 Council and the Air Council, for the collection, so far as is pos- 
 sible, from naval or military voters- of information respecting 1 
 any qualification which they would have had but for their ser- 
 
 * See List on pages 608 and 635 of Bodies with a similar object to those 
 mentioned in para, (<?) and of organisations recognised by the Admiralty, 
 Army Council, or Air Council under para. (d). 
 
 (A) This is the memorandum referred to in the preceding memorandum. 
 See p. 601, supra. 
 
 (i) See pp. 7679, supra. 
 
 (k) See sect. 5 (2), p. 77, supra. 
 
 (I) See pp. 571574, supra. 
 
606 APPENDIX r. 
 
 vice. The forms have been printed in postcard shape, and so 
 far as is practicable they will be filled up individually by the 
 naval or military voters. In the case of men serving in the 
 Forces in distant parts of the world from whom it would not be 
 possible to obtain particulars in time for the first registra- 
 tion (m), the Record Offices in regard to the Army and the 
 Air Force, and the Admiralty in regard to the Navy, will furnish 
 such information as they can (n). In this way a large mass 
 of information will reach the Registration Officers from all classes 
 of naval or military voters. On the other hand, the Registration 
 Officers and other officials employed in the compilation of the 
 electors lists will, in the course of their canvass, obtain a large 
 amount of information with regard to these voters. The Regis- 
 tration Officers are accordingly recommended, on receipt of the 
 postcards, to dispatch them to the officials engaged in preparing 
 the lists in the areas to which the cards relate, so that as far as 
 possible they may utilise them, together with the particulars! 
 which they will obtain in the course of their canvass, in pre- 
 paring the lists of voters. The naval and military voters are, 
 by Rule 17 (o) of the First Schedule to the Act, to be placed 
 automatically on the absent voters list, unless they notify a 
 desire to the contrary or they are registered in respect of actual 
 residence. Except in the latter cases, the names of naval or 
 military voters will be marked (p) in the register with the 
 letter a, and will also be included in the separate list of absent 
 voters for the polling district, and the cards should therefore 
 be returned by the overseers to the Registration Officer when 
 the necessary information contained in them has been noted for 
 the purpose of preparing the electors lists. 
 
 The cards in use in the Navy, Marines and Naval Division 
 are of a different form from those adopted for other classes of 
 naval or military voters, being double cards. It is desired that 
 as soon as it is clear that any man in the naval forces will be 
 registered, his card should be marked in the space provided, 
 showing the constituency in which he will be registered, and the 
 card be transmitted to the ship or establishment in which he is 
 recorded as serving. Each card will be received in an envelope 
 and should be returned in the same envelope re-addressed as 
 indicated thereon. The envelopes can, however, be made up in 
 packages if there are a number relating to the same ship or 
 establishment. 
 
 All other cards than naval cards can be retained by the Regis- 
 tration Officer, but it will be necessary that lists should be 
 made out of voters in the Army and Air Force according to 
 Record Offices (of which a list showing the Corps included under 
 each Office will be sent to the Registration Officer), and that 
 a copy of the list relating to each Record Office should be 
 forwarded to that Office. Those lists should be made and for- 
 
 (/) See pp. 613 614, infra, 
 
 (n) See Rule 18, p. 346, supra. 
 
 (o) For this Rule, see pp. 345 346, supra. 
 
 (p] See note on Form of Register, p. 577, supra. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 607 
 
 warded as soon as the register is sufficiently advanced to enable 
 the Registration Officer to know that the voters will be registered. 
 These lists will be kepi up to date by the Record Offices by 
 noting changes of posting (which are now very numerous), 
 deaths, discharges and other alterations as recorded, and will 
 enable them to supply for future registers particulars of the men 
 entered as (electors in thei constituency in a imore or less up-to-date 
 form. Similarly, if an election takes place they will supply 
 the lists as amended, so as to show changes in the addresses 
 to which voting papers are to be dispatched (g). 
 
 It is open to the Registration Officers to inquire of the Naval 
 or Military Authorities (r) in regard to men of whose registra- 
 tion they are in doubt, but it must be realised that so far aai 
 particulars connected with registration are concerned those autho- 
 rities have no information beyond the name of the individual 
 man, his age as entered in the records, and the particulars of 
 his next of kin, whose address may or may not be that in respect 
 of which he is entitled to be registered. It will thus be of no 
 service, generally speaking, to correspond with these Autho- 
 rities on other points, and those engaged in the registration; 
 will have to depend upon such information as can be collected 
 in the locality. It will be remembered that, as noted above, 
 the statement of the naval or military voter as to his qualification 
 is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to be sufficient 
 for the purpose of registration. 
 
 In cases where inquiry of the Naval or Military Authorities 
 is necessary, it should be addressed in the case of the Army 
 or the Air Force to the " Officer i/c Records." In the case 
 of the Navy and Marines it should be addressed to the Com- 
 manding Officer of the Ship or Marine Division (i.e., Chatham, 
 Portsmouth, Plymouth, Eastney or Deal) if such is known. In 
 other cases application should be made as follows: 
 
 Branch of Service. Department concerned. 
 
 (1) Royal Navy and Royal Naval Admiralty (Seamen's Ser- 
 Volunteer Reserve (other than vices Branch), S.W. 1. 
 men serving in the Royal Naval 
 
 Division). 
 
 (2) Royal Naval Reserve . . The Registrar General of 
 
 Shipping and Soamen, 
 Tower Hill, E. 1. 
 
 (3) Royal Marines . . . Admiralty (Royal Marino 
 
 Office), S.W. 1. 
 
 In the case of the Royal Naval Division, application should 
 be made in all cases to the Officer in Charge of Records, 63rd 
 (R.N.) Division, 47, Victoria Street, S.W. 1. 
 
 Inquiries cannot be answered unless the name, official number, 
 rating or rank, and branch of service can be given. 
 
 (q) See sect. 23, pp. 172 176, supra. 
 (r) See Rule 18, p. 346, supra. 
 
608 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Inquiries as to Officers, whether naval or military, must be 
 made to the Officers themselves. 
 
 It will be borne in mind that the right of a person to bet 
 registered as a naval or military voter is in addition to any other 
 right to be registered (s), and that therefore he can be registered 
 in respect of an actual residence qualification in a constituency. 
 He must, however, make a claim for the purpose, accompanied 
 by a declaration, in the prescribed form, that he has taken reason- 
 able steps to prevent his being registered as a naval or military 
 voter in another constituency. The qualifying period in such 
 a case is one month (). A form () of claim and declaration 
 has been prescribed by Order in Council. 
 
 LIST, WITH ADDRESSES FOE COMMUNICATIONS, OF CERTAIN BOWKS 
 . WITHIN PARAGRAPH 2 (c). 
 
 British Rod Cross Society. \ The Secretary to the 
 
 Order of St. John of Jerusa- i Joint War Committee of the 
 
 lem in England. British Red Cross and the 
 
 Scottish Women's Hospital. > Order of St. John of Jeru- 
 
 First Aid Nursing Yeomanry salcm in England, 
 
 working for the British. 83, Pall Mall, 
 
 Friends' Ambulance Unit. / London, S.W.I. 
 
 St. Andrew's Ambulance The Secretary, 
 
 Association. 176, West Regent Street, 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 Other Red Cross organisations, such as the Australian, 
 Canadian, South African, American, French, Italian and Serbian 
 Red Cross Societies are included under the Paragraph. 
 
 LIST, WITH ADDRESSES FOR COMMUNICATIONS, OF BODIES, 
 SERVICE WITH WHOM HAS BEEN RECOGNISED (a?) UNDER PARA- 
 GRAPH 2 (d). 
 
 Young Men's Christian Asso- National Headquarters, 
 ciation. Tottenham Court Road, 
 
 London, W. 1. 
 
 Salvation Army . . . Salvation Army Headquarters, 
 
 101, Queen Victoria Street, 
 London, E.C. 4. 
 Church Army . . . Hon. Secretary, 
 
 55, Bryanston Street, 
 
 London, W. 1. 
 Scottish Churches Huts . 22, Queen Street, 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 Catholic Women's League . \ UQ> ^^ ^^ 
 
 Catholic Olub Huts . . ) London, S.W. 1. 
 
 (*) See sect. 5 (1), pp. 76, 77, and pp. 90, 91, 
 (t) See sect. 6, p. 94, and pp. 96, 97, sitpra. 
 (M) For this Form, see p. 569, wpra. 
 (.r) See p. 637, infra. 
 
MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 609 
 
 United Navy and Army 
 Board. 
 
 Soldiers' Christian Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 The Colonial and Continental 
 Church Society. 
 
 Navy and Army Canteen 
 Board. 
 
 Wesleyan Army and Navy 
 Board. 
 
 4, Southampton Row, 
 
 London, W.C.I. 
 296, Vauxhall Bridge Road, 
 
 London, S.W. 1. 
 9, Serjeants' Inn, 
 
 Fleet Street, 
 
 London, E.C. 4. 
 The Naval Secretary, 
 Navy and Army Canteen 
 "Board, Imperial Court, 
 Knightsbridge, 
 
 London, S.W. 3. 
 Rev. J. H. Bateson, 
 
 Secretary, 
 Wesle}^an Army and Navy 
 
 Board, 
 
 Central Buildings, 
 Westminster, 
 
 London, S.W. 1. 
 
 F. 
 
 39 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 No. 5. 
 SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES a. 
 
 E. P. 8. 
 
 IN PURSUANCE OF THE POWERS CONFERRED BY SECTION 15 OF 
 
 THE EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918, WE BEING Two 
 OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF His MAJESTY'S TREASURY HAVE 
 FRAMED THE FOLLOWING SCALES OF EEGISTRATION EXPENSES FOB 
 ENGLAND AND WALES. THESE SCALES WILL BE APPLICABLE ONLY 
 TO THE FIRST AND SECOND EEGISTERS PREPARED UNDER THE Ad. 
 
 I. 
 
 First 
 Register. 
 ' s. d. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES. 
 
 (a) Registration Officer's Fee. 
 
 (To cover payments to Deputies 
 and Clerks.) 
 
 For the first 25,000 electors in the 
 
 Registration Area 250 
 
 For each additional 1,000 electors up 
 
 to 100,000 700 
 
 For each additional 1,000 electors be- 
 yond 100,000 600 
 
 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses 
 
 in respect of the remuneration 
 of Assistant Overseers and 
 other persons, similarly em- 
 ployed. 
 
 In a parish where the number of elec- 
 tors 
 
 (i) does not exceed 250 for every 
 elootor 
 
 (ii) exceeds 250 but does not exceed 
 1,000 for every 100 electors 
 exceeds 1,000 for every 100 
 electors ........................... 
 
 Provided that the minimum 
 expenditure which may be in- 
 curred under any item of this 
 scale shall not be less than the 
 maximum under the preced- 
 ing item. 
 
 of 
 
 with a. 
 raiiiimum 
 
 of 1. 
 
 1 13 4 
 
 Second 
 Register. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 >0 
 700 
 6 
 
 004 
 
 with a 
 
 minimum 
 
 15*. 
 
 1 5 
 
 16 8 
 
 n \ 
 
 SPC sect. 15, pp. 139141, supra, 
 
SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES. 611 
 
 First Second 
 
 Register. Register. 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 2. PARLIAMENTARY BOEOUGHS OUTSIDE 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 (a) Registration Officer's Fees. 
 
 (To cover fees to Deputies and 
 
 Clerks, the personal fee of the 
 
 Registration Officer and of any 
 
 deputy or deputies appointed by 
 
 him not to exceed in the aggre- 
 gate an amount calculated at the 
 
 rate of 2 10s. -for every 1,000 
 
 electors.) 
 For the first 25,000 electors in the 
 
 Registration area 175 175 
 
 For each additional 1,000 electors ... 400 400 
 
 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses 
 
 in respect of the ^remuneration 
 of Assistant Overseers and 
 other persons similarly em- 
 ployed. 
 For every 100 electors in the parish... 126 16 8 
 
 3 . PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS IN LONDON. 
 
 (a) Registration Officer's Fee. 
 
 (To cover Fees to Deputy Regis- 
 tration Officers). 
 
 For every 1,000 electors in the Regis- 
 tration area 2 10 2 10 
 
 (b) Registration Officer's Expenses 
 
 in respect of the remuneration 
 of Clerks, Canvassers, &c. 
 For every 100 electors in the Regis- 
 tration area 1 11 130 
 
 NOTES. Where the payment is for every 1,000 electors or 
 100 electors as the case may be, the payment for any number 
 in excess of a complete 1,000 or 100 should be calculated pro- 
 portionately. 
 
 The number of electors means in the case of the Registration 
 Officer's Fee the number registered in the Registration Area, 
 in the ca.-e of the remuneration of Assistant Overseers and other 
 persons similarly employed the number in the civil parish, and in 
 the case of the remuneration of clerks, canvassers, &c., in 
 London the number in the Registration Area. 
 
 II. 
 PRINTING, &c. EXPENDITURE. 
 
 (1) Where the printing is carried out under arrangements 
 made by His Majesty's Stationery Office such amount as may 
 be certified by that Department to be the expenditure incurred 
 in connection therewith. 
 
 S9 (2) 
 
612 APPENDIX I. 
 
 (2) Printing carried out directly by the Registration Officer 
 and other Out of Pocket Expenditure. 
 
 The actual expenditure supported as far as possible by vouchers 
 and certified by a statutory declaration by the Registration Officer 
 to the effect that it was necessarily and properly incurred. First 
 class railway expenses and subsistence allowance at the rate of 
 1 a night when the Registration Officer or his Deputy are neces- 
 sarily absent from their homes on account of their registration 
 duties will be allowed. 
 
 (Sd.) J. W. PRATT. 
 (Sd.) J. TOWYN JONES. 
 
 TREASURY CHAMBERS, 
 
 WHITEHALL, S.W., 
 
 1th March, 1918. 
 
ORDER IN COUNCIL. 613 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 OEDEE IN COUNCIL UNDEE SECTION 46 (2) (x) 
 OF THE EEPEESENTATION OF THE 
 PEOPLE ACT, 1918, FIXING THE DATES ON WHICH 
 THE FIRST EEGISTER SHALL COME INTO FORCE, AND 
 UNTIL WHICH IT SHALL REMAIN IN FORCE, AND 
 
 ALTERING IN CONNECTION THEREWITH THE EEGISTRA- 
 
 TION AND QUALIFYING PERIOD DATES SPECIFIED IN 
 THE ACT. 
 
 [N.B. For alterations to this Order, see Order in Council 
 of. June 4th, 1918, rule 6, p. 749, infra, and Fifth Schedule, 
 p. 152, infra.~\ 
 
 R. P. 3. 
 
 At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of March, 
 1918. 
 
 PRESENT, 
 The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. 
 
 Whereas under s. 46 (2) of the Eepresentation of the People 
 Act, 1918 (herein-after referred to as " the Act "), provision is 
 made as follows: 
 
 " Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the first register 
 
 to be prepared under this Act shall come into force on, and 
 
 remain in force until, such date as His Majesty may fix by 
 
 Order in Council, and His Majesty may by any such Order 
 
 alter, in connection with the first register, any registration 
 
 dates, including the dates governing the qualifying period, 
 
 and direct that this Act shall have effect as so altered." 
 
 Xow, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice 
 
 of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as 
 
 follows: 
 
 The first register to be prepared under the Act shall come into 
 force on the first day of October, 1918, and shall remain in force 
 (unless otherwise ordered) until the fifteenth day of March, 1919, 
 and in connection with the first register to be so prepared the 
 registration dates and the dates governing the qualifying period 
 shall, instead of the dates specified in the Act, be the dates 
 specified in the third column of the Schedule to this Order. 
 
 ALMEEIC FixzEov. 
 (#) See p. 336, xupra. 
 
614 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Schedule. 
 ^REGISTRATION DATES, &c. 
 
 Sub j ect-matter . 
 
 Date specified in 
 Act. 
 
 Substituted 
 date. 
 
 
 15th Jan. July 
 
 15th April 
 
 Publication of lists 
 
 1st Feb. Aug. 
 
 15th June 
 
 Last day for objections to electors 
 
 15th Feb. Aug. 
 
 29th June 
 
 lists 
 
 
 
 
 18th Feb. Aug. 
 
 5th July 
 
 Last day for claims as absent voters. 
 
 18th Feb. Aug. 
 
 5th July 
 
 Publication of list of objections to 
 
 2lst Feb. Aug. 
 
 8th July 
 
 electors lists. 
 
 
 
 Publication of list of claimants .... 
 
 24th Feb. Aug. 
 
 13th July 
 
 Last day for objections to claimants. 
 Publication of list of objections to 
 
 7th Mar. 4th Sept. 
 7th Mar. 4th Sept. 
 
 26th July 
 26th July 
 
 claimants (as soon as practicable 
 
 
 
 after. 
 
 
 
 Publication and coming into force 
 
 15th April Oct. 
 
 1st October 
 
 of register. 
 
 
 
 [N.B. Most of these dates have been altered by Order in 
 Council dated June 4th, 1918. See rule 6, p. 749, infra, and 
 Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra.'] 
 
REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918. 615 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 THE REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918, 
 MADE IN PURSUANCE OF S. 12 (2) (x}. 
 
 To THE COUNTY COUNCILS of the several Administrative 
 Counties named in Column 2 of Schedule A. to this 
 Order; 
 
 To the Clerks to the said County Councils; 
 
 To the Councils of the several Municipal Boroughs named in 
 Column 2 of Schedule B. to this Order; 
 
 To the Town Clerks of the said Municipal Boroughs; 
 
 And to all others whom it may concern. 
 
 WHEEEAS by sub-section (2) of Section 12 (a?) of the Repre- 
 sentation of the People Act, 1918, it is provided that where the 
 registration area is a parliamentary county and is coterminous 
 with, or wholly contained in, one administrative county, the clerk 
 of the county council, and where the registration area is a parlia- 
 mentary borough and is coterminous with, or wholly contained in, 
 one municipal borough, the town clerk of the borough, shall be 
 the registration officer for the area, and that in any other case 
 such clerk of the county council, or town clerk, shall be registra- 
 tion officer for the area as the Local Government Board may by 
 Order direct, subject to any conditions which may be made by the 
 Order as to the appointment of deputies for any part of the area; 
 
 And whereas each of the Parliamentary Counties named in 
 Column 1 of Schedule A. to this Order is a registration area 
 which is jnot coterminous with or wholly contained in one adminis- 
 trative county, and each of the Parliamentary Boroughs named in 
 Column 1 of Schedule B. to this Order is a registration area 
 which is not coterminous with or wholly contained in one 
 municipal borough: 
 
 Now THEEEFOEE, in pursuance of Our powers in that behalf, 
 We, the Local Government Board, by this Our Order Direct as 
 follows: 
 
 AETICLE I. In the case of each of the Registration Areas 
 named in the first column of the Schedules A. and B. to this 
 Order the person for the time being holding the office of Clerk of 
 the County Council, or Town Clerk, as the case may be, specified 
 in the second column of those Schedules opposite to the name of 
 the Registration Area shall, until We by Order otherwise direct, 
 be the Registration Officer. 
 
 AETICLE II. This Order may be cited as " the Registration 
 Officers Order, 1918." 
 
 (x) See pp. 130131, supra. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 SCHEDULE A. 
 
 Name of 
 Parliamentary County. 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 
 Chester Clerk of the County Council of Chester. 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Kent 
 
 Parts of Kesteven and 
 
 Rutland. 
 Northampton with the I 
 
 Soke of Peterborough. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 East Sussex 
 
 Brecon and Radnor .... 
 
 Cornwall. 
 Kent, 
 
 the Parts of 
 
 Kesteven. 
 Northampton. 
 
 Stafford. 
 East Sussex. 
 Brecon . 
 
REGISTRATION OFFICERS ORDER, 1918. 617 
 
 SCHEDULE B. 
 
 Name of 
 Parliamentary Borough. 1 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 
 Aucriugton Town Clerk of the Borough of Accrington. 
 
 Ashton-under-Lyne. . . . I ,, ,, ,, ,, Ashton-under- 
 
 Lyne. 
 
 Barnsley ,, ,, ,, ,, Barnsley. 
 
 Batley and Morley .... ,, ,, ,, ,, Batley." 
 
 Blackpool ! ,, ,, ,, ,, Blackpool. 
 
 Brighton i ,, ,, ,, , Brightpn. 
 
 Bromley ,, ,, , Bromliy. 
 
 Bury | ,, ,, ,, , Bury. 
 
 Cheltenham j ,, ,, , Cheltenham. 
 
 Dudley ! ,, ,, ,, , Dudley. 
 
 Eccles , , , , , , Eccles. 
 
 Exeter , , , , , , Exeter. 
 
 Grrimsby ,, ,, , , Grimsby. 
 
 The Hartlepools ,, , , West Hartlepool. 
 
 Hythe ,, , , , Folkestone. 
 
 Kingston-upon-Thames. ,, ,, , ,, Kingston- upon - 
 
 Thames. 
 
 Leigh ,, ,, ,, Leigh. 
 
 Lincoln ,, ,, ,, ,, Lincoln. 
 
 Morpeth ,, . , ,, ,, Morpeth. 
 
 Nelson and Colne ,, ,, ,, ,, Nelson. 
 
 Newcastle- under -Ly me. ,, ,, ,, ,, Newcastle-under 
 
 Lyrae. 
 
 Preston ,, ,, ,, ,, Preston. 
 
 Richmond ,, ,, ,, ., Richmond. 
 
 Rochester ,, ,, ,, ,, Chatham. 
 
 Rossendale j ,, ,, ,, ,, Rawten stall. 
 
 Rotherham ,, ,, ,, ,, Rotherham. 
 
 Southampton ,, ,, ,, ,, Southampton. 
 
 Stockton -on -Tees ,, ,, ,, ,, Stoekton-on-Tees. 
 
 Sunderland j ,, ,, ,, Sunderland. 
 
 Wallsend | ,, Wallsend. 
 
 Wednesbury ,, ,, ,, ., Wednesbtiry. 
 
 Wimbledon ,, ,, ,, ,, Wimbledon. 
 
 Wolverharapton ,, ,, ,, ,, Wolverhampton. 
 
 York ,, York. 
 
 Cardiff , , ,, . , ,, Cardiff. 
 
 Carnarvon District of ,, ,, ,, ,, Carnarvon. 
 
 Boroughs. 
 
 Merthyr Tydfil , , , . Merthyr Tydfil . 
 
 Given under the Seal of Office of the Local Government 
 Board, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year 
 One thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 
 
 W. HAYES FISHER, 
 President, 
 
 H. C. MONRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
618 APPENDIX I. 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 CIRCULAE LETTER (a) FROM LOCAL GOVERN- 
 MENT BOARD TO REGISTRATION OFFI- 
 CERS AS TO POLLING DISTRICTS AND 
 POLLING PLACES. 
 
 K. P. 1. 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 
 
 Whitehall, S.W. 1, 
 
 16th February, 1918. 
 SIR, 
 
 I am directed by the President of the Local Government 
 Board to state that the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 which received the Boyal Assent on the 6th instant, makes special 
 provision, in substitution for enactments previously in force, in 
 regard to the division of parliamentary constituencies into polling 
 districts and the appointment of polling places. Sections 31 
 and 39 are as follows: 
 
 Section 31. (1) It shall be the duty of the council, whose 
 clerk is the registration officer for any constituency or by 
 whom the registration officer is appointed, as occasion 
 requires, to divide the constituency into polling districts, 
 and to appoint polling places for the polling districts in such 
 manner as to give to all electors in the constituency such 
 reasonable facilities for voting as are practicable in the 
 circumstances : 
 
 Provided that, before dividing any constituency in the 
 administrative County of London into polling districts, the 
 authority therefor shall send a draft of any scheme for that 
 purpose to the London County Council, and shall take into 
 consideration any representations made to them by that 
 Council. 
 
 (2) If a local authority, or not less than thirty electors in a 
 constituency, make a representation to the Local Government 
 Board that the polling districts or polling places do not meet 
 the reasonable requirements of the electors in the con- 
 ytituency, or any body of electors, the Local Government 
 Board shall consider the representation, and may, if they 
 think fit, direct the council whose duty it is to divide the 
 constituency into polling districts to make such alterations 
 as the Board think necessary in the circumstances, and if the 
 council fail to make those alterations within a month after 
 the direction is given may themselves make the alterations, 
 and any alterations so made shall have effect as if they had 
 been made by the council. 
 
 (a) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra ; also p. 134. 
 
INSTRUCTIONS POLLING DISTRICTS AND PLACES. 619 
 
 In this provision the expression " local authority " means 
 as respects any constituency the council of any county, 
 borough, urban or rural district, or parish wholly or partly 
 situate in the constituency, or the parish meeting of any 
 parish so situate where there is no parish council. 
 
 (3) On the exercise of any powers given by this section 
 the council by whom the powers are exercised shall send to 
 the Local Government Board a report and publish in the 
 constituency a notice showing the boundaries of any polling 
 districts or the situation of any polling places constituted 
 as a result of the exercise of the power. 
 
 (4) An election shall not be questioned by reason of any 
 non-compliance with the provisions of this section or any 
 informality relative to polling districts or polling places. 
 
 (5) This section shall not apply to University con- 
 stituencies. 
 
 (6) Nothing in this section shall affect any polling districts 
 or polling places constituted before the passing of this Act 
 until occasion arises for the exercise of the powers given 
 by this section. 
 
 Section 39. The council having power to divide a con- 
 stituency into polling districts shall, not later than one month 
 after the passing of this Act, take into consideration the 
 division of the constituency into polling districts, a!hd make 
 any re-arrangements of those districts and of polling places 
 which it appears necessary to make as a consequence of 
 alterations effected by this Act. 
 
 It will be observed that under Section 39 the Council are to 
 review the polling districts within a month from the 6th instant, 
 and Mr. Hayes Fisher requests you to be good enough to bring 
 the matter at once to the notice of the Council. 
 
 It is of importance that any alterations in the polling districts 
 should be made at the earliest date practicable, as the electors' 
 lists must be prepared so as to conform with the polling districts. 
 I am to add for your information that the Board, in consulta- 
 tion with the Treasury and the Stationery Office, have under con- 
 sideration the general arrangements to be adopted throughout the 
 country in regard to the printing of the lists and registers, and 
 the supply of copies of forms required in connection with the 
 preparation of the lists. As soon as the necessary Orders in 
 Council prescribing the qualifying period and registration dates 
 for the purposes of the first register, and the forms to be used, 
 have been issued, a further communication with respect to these 
 and the other matters above referred to will be sent to you. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 H. C. MONRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 The Eegistration Officer of the 
 
 Parliamentary County or Borough. 
 
620 APPENDIX I. 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 CIRCULAR LETTER (a) FEOM LOCAL 
 GOVERNMENT BOARD TO REGIS- 
 TRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 R. P. 10. 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 
 
 Whitehall, S.W.I. 
 
 6th April, 1918. 
 SIR, 
 
 I am directed by the President of the Local Government 
 Board to request that you will be good enough to bring before 
 your Council the accompanying copy of the circular letter dated 
 the 20th ultimo addressed to you in your capacity as Registra- 
 tion Officer of the Parliamentary County or Borough on the 
 subject of the procedure in relation to the registration of electors 
 under tjie Representation of the People Act, 1918. 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Ari the Council are responsible for the payment of registration 
 expenses, subject to contributions by other Councils in certain 
 cases, Mr. Hayes Fisher desires that the attention of the Council 
 should be directed in particular to the paragraphs in the circular 
 relating to such expenses. A copy of the scale of expenses 
 framed by the Treasury should also be laid before the Council. 
 
 In connection with this matter, it will be borne in mind that 
 the expenses in the case of a county are to be paid out of the 
 county fund, and if necessary as expenses for special county 
 purposes, in the case of a borough out of the borough fund or 
 rate or, if there is no borough fund or rate, out of the fund or 
 rate out of .which the ordinary expenses of the council are paid, 
 in the case of an urban district out of the general district rate, 
 and in the case of a metropolitan borough as general expenses. 
 
 The Council are empowered on the request of the Registra- 
 tion Officer to make to him, in respect of his expenses, advances 
 of such amount and subject to such conditions as the Council 
 may approve. 
 
 The attention of the Council should also be drawn to the last 
 paragraph but one on page 5 of the circular with regard to the 
 suggested arrangement, with the consent of the Council, for the 
 use of existing office accommodation. Mr. Fisher lias no doubt 
 that, in view of the great need for economy, the Council will be 
 willing to do all in their power to facilitate such an arrangement. 
 
 (a) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra; also p. 134. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 ORDER OF NAMES IN EEGISTER. 
 
 A^ stated in the circular letter, the names in the register 
 of a registration unit in a parliamentary borough will be 
 arranged in street order, unless the Council whose Clerk is the 
 Registration Officer considers, having regard to the general 
 character of the area forming the unit that this arrangement is 
 inapplicable. If the unit is in a parliamentary county the names 
 will be arranged in alphabetical order, unless the Council whose 
 Clerk is the Kegistration Officer considers that arrangement in 
 street order is possible and convenient. (Schedule I., Rule 4.) 
 
 In many municipal boroughs and urban districts in a parlia- 
 mentary county, arrangement of the names in street order will 
 no doubt be the most convenient method, and in some parlia- 
 mentary boroughs there may be registration units where the 
 names can only be arranged in alphabetical order. Any direc- 
 tion by the Council in cases of the kind should be given at the 
 earliest possible moment, so that the electors lists may be 
 prepared with the names in the appropriate order. 
 
 VACANCY IN OFFICE OF EEGISTRATION OFFICER. 
 
 In the event of any vacancy in the office of clerk of the 
 county council or of town clerk or clerk to the urban district 
 council it will rest with the chairman of the county council, the 
 mayor, or the chairman of the urban district council, as the 
 case may be, to appoint a person temporarily to perform the 
 duties of the Registration Officer. 
 
 POLLING DISTRICTS AND POLLING PLACES. 
 
 The circular letter addressed to Eegistration Officers on the 
 16th February drew attention to the provisions of Sections 31 and 
 39 of the Act relative to the division of constituencies into polling 
 districts and the appointment of polling places. 
 
 In those cases where any rearrangement of polling districts or 
 polling places has become necessary as a consequence of the 
 alterations of the areas of constituencies, the Board will be glad 
 to receive as soon as possible a report as to the boundaries of the 
 polling districts and the situation of the polling places, in accor- 
 dance with Section 31 (3) of the Act, if such a report or a copy of 
 the order or direction of the Council has not already been 
 transmitted. 
 
 In cases where no alteration of the polling districts or of the 
 polling places in a constituency has been found to be necessary, 
 the Board would be obliged by being furnished if practicable 
 with a copy of the order or direction of the local authority, made 
 or given before the passing of the Act, fixing the present polling 
 districts and polling places. 
 
 In the cases of some parliamentary boroughs, difficulty is 
 understood to have been experienced in regard to the appoint- 
 ment of polling places in consequence of there being no building 
 in the polling district which can be stated as available 
 for the purposes of the poll. The Board are not prepared to 
 say that a polling place should not in any circumstances be out- 
 
622 APPENDIX I. 
 
 side the polling district, but wherever a suitable building for the 
 purpose is or can be made available within the polling district 
 the polling place should be within the district. Generally they 
 consider that any school or other building known to be available 
 for the poll might be designated as the polling place. If there 
 is 110 such school or other building it would seem to be sufficient 
 to describe the appointed polling place as a suitable building in 
 or as near as practicable to a particular street, or square, or 
 other well-known place in the polling district. The number of 
 polling stations to be provided at each polling place will be 
 determined by the Eeturning Officer, in accordance with Rule 15 
 in the First Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 In parliamentary counties, the Board themselves raise no 
 objection to the continuance of the practice hitherto followed 
 of designating the polling place by the name of the particular 
 village or parish in which the polling place is situated, if it is not 
 practicable to define the place more closely. The Board observe 
 that in some instances where a town or other area has been 
 divided into more than one polling district the name of the town 
 or other area has been given as the polling place for each poll- 
 ing district. It is not clear, therefore, where the polling place 
 of any particular district is, in fact, situated. The Board con- 
 sider that it is desirable in such a case to adopt a similar method 
 to that mentioned in the preceding paragraph by distinguishing 
 the polling place by reference to a building or some known place 
 in the polling district. 
 
 Having regard to Rule 26 in the First Schedule to the new 
 Act, it is desirable that each polling district should be dis- 
 tinguished by a separate letter. 
 
 There is another point to which reference may be made. In 
 parliamentary boroughs which existed before the /new Act, the 
 polling place or booth was fixed by the Returning Officer, for the 
 purposes of the particular election at which the booth was 
 required. The Board doubt whether the building or booth thus 
 fixed by the Returning Officer can be regarded as a polling 
 place constituted before the passing of the new Act within the 
 meaning of Section 31 (6) of the Act. It is desirable, therefore, 
 that polling places should be appointed in these cases although 
 no alteration of the polling districts may have been made. 
 
 So far as regards the publication of the boundaries of polling 
 districts and the situation of polling places, in accordance with 
 Section 31 (3), the Board think that this may be done by adver- 
 tisement in the manner hitherto adopted under Section 34 of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1867, or by placards posted in 
 the constituency, or otherwise in such manner as may be found 
 most convenient for the purpose of bringing the matter to the 
 notice of persons interested. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 H. C. MOXRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 To the Clerk of the County Council or 
 Town Clerk or 
 
 Clerk to the Urban District Council. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 623 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 CIRCULAR LETTER (a) FROM LOCAL 
 GOVERNMENT BOARD TO REGIS- 
 TRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 E. P. 12. 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 
 
 Whitehall, S.W.I. 
 
 Wth April, 191$. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I am directed by the Local Government Board to advert to 
 the remarks in their circular letter of the 20th ultimo as to the 
 inquiries to be made by Registration Officers for the purpose of 
 ascertaining the names of persons entitled to be registered as 
 electors. 
 
 ACCESS TO FOOD REGISTERS. 
 
 It has been represented that access to the information 
 afforded by the Pood Registers under the control of Local Food 
 Committees would be of considerable assistance to Registration 
 Officers, more especially as disclosing the names of householders 
 or heads of families by whom it is desired that statements in 
 Form A. prescribed by the Order in Council should be made. The 
 Board are informed by the Ministry of Food that the Food Con- 
 troller raises no objection to the Executive Officers of the Local 
 Food Committee and the Registration Officers making their own 
 arrangements to assist one another. It will be understood, how- 
 ever, that the information thus obtained by Registration Officers 
 must be treated as strictly confidential and that in no circum- 
 stances should such information be disclosed or be used other- 
 wise than for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of the 
 electors lists and register. 
 
 NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 Another matter to which the Board desire to refer is the 
 registration of naval or military voters. The special memo- 
 randum R.P.7 appended to the Instructions to Overseers, of 
 which copies accompanied the circular, indicated the arrange- 
 ments wnich have been made for dealing with the cards 
 containing the statements by naval or military voters as to their 
 qualifications to be registered. The Board feel that under 
 present conditions there may be considerable delay in the trans- 
 mission of the cards of naval or military voters to the Registra- 
 tion Officer and that in some cases there may be miscarriage of 
 the cards. The Registration Officer will, of course, realise the 
 
 ) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, supra; also p. 
 
 134. 
 
624 APPENDIX I. 
 
 importance of securing the registration of all naval or military 
 voters entitled to be registered, and of obtaining in the case 
 of persons serving in the Forces the necessary information as to 
 regiment, ship, number, etc., which will be required for 
 the purpose of addressing communications to these voters to 
 enable them to record their votes as absent voters. The Record 
 Offices, it is understood, would probably be unable to furnish 
 these particulars in the absence of means of identifying the 
 voters. It is therefore desirable that the overseers or other 
 persons employed in making inquiries should take especial care 
 to ensure that the particulars as to description of service, 
 regiment, ship, number, etc., indicated in the heading to the 
 4th column of He turn No. 5 in Form A., are correctly filled in, 
 and that any of these particulars otherwise obtained in the course 
 of their inquiries are carefully recorded. In any cases where 
 the particulars obtained in the course of the inquiries are 
 found to differ from those contained in the card filled in by the 
 voter, the Registration Officer should require the case to be 
 reported to him, but the name of the voter should be included 
 in tjie electors lists as well as in the separate list referred to 
 below. 
 
 The Board have under consideration the question of the 
 form in which the Absent Voters List should be made out, 
 and they will shortly address a communication to the Registra- 
 tion Officer on the subject. In order to facilitate the preparation 
 of this list and to ensure that the particulars above mentioned 
 as to description of service, regiment, etc., of naval or military 
 voters which are given in Form A., or otherwise obtained, 
 may be available for the purposes of the record of addresses "to 
 be kept by the Registration Officer, it may be of advantage that 
 the overseers should, when making out the electors lists, make a 
 separate list of naval or military voters containing in three 
 columns (a) the names of the naval or military voter, surname 
 first, (b) the qualifying premises and (c) the description of 
 service, regiment, ship, number, rank, etc. The names in this 
 separate list should be in the same order as they appear in the 
 electors lists. Columns (a) and (b) will contain the same entries 
 as those in columns (2) and (3) of the electors lists, whilst the 
 particulars in column (c) will be those obtained from Form A., or 
 otherwise. The separate list should be headed so as to show the 
 name of the constituency and the polling district or registration 
 unit. 
 
 PEG VISION OF BALLOT BOXES, &c. 
 
 It has been represented to the Board that, in view of the 
 increased electorate and the requirement of the Act that at a 
 general parliamentary election all polls shall be held on one 
 day, the existing provision of ballot boxes and stamping instru- 
 ments will be insufficient and that it will be necessary, having 
 regard to present conditions, for early steps to be taken to make 
 up the deficiency. H.M. Stationery Office are making arrange- 
 ments for the supply of ballot boxes and stamping instruments 
 where necessary and it is the view of the Treasury that Registra- 
 tion Officers should not obtain these independently, and that, 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRA/riO.V OFFICERS. 
 
 unless a definite contract has already been made, they should 
 cancel any arrangements entered into for the purpose. 
 
 In order to avoid unnecessary expense in new purchases 
 the Registration Officer should ascertain at the earliest prac- 
 ticable date the precise number of ballot boxes and stamping 
 instruments which would be available, including those in the 
 possession of any local authority in the registration area, for 
 a general parliamentary election. In addition to ballot boxes 
 and stamping instruments in the hands of local authorities 
 which could be utilized, the Deputy Sheriff or other person who 
 has ^conducted parliamentary elections in the past may have a 
 number of these in his possession, and inquiry should be made 
 of him as to this and whether they can be handed over to the 
 Acting Returning Officer or otherwise made available for his 
 use. 
 
 When this information has been obtained the Eegistration 
 Officer should at once forward to the Superintendent of Stores, 
 H.M. Stationery Office, Westminster, London, S.W. 1, a state- 
 ment showing (a) the number of ballot boxes, etc., available; 
 (b) the additional number estimated to be required; and (c) the 
 basis upon which the estimate is arrived at, e.g., the number of 
 polling places in the registration area and of the polling stations 
 at each such polling place. 
 
 WORK RECOGNISED UNDER SECTION 5 (3) (ii) (c). 
 
 The Board may add that the work of the Young Women's 
 Christian Association (25 and 26, George Street, Hanover Square, 
 London, W. 1) has been recognised (w) by the Admiralty, Army 
 Council and Air Council under Section 5 (3) (ii) (c) of the new 
 Act as work of national importance in connection with the war, 
 so that persons serving abroad or afloat under the Associa- 
 tion in connection with the war are entitled to be registered for 
 any constituency for which they would have had the necessary 
 qualification but for their service. The name and address of this 
 Association should accordingly bo regarded as added to the list 
 of bodies under paragraph 2 (c) on pages 5 and 6 (x] of the 
 Memorandum as to Naval or Military Voters (II. P. 7). 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 H. C. MONRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 To the Registration Officer. 
 
 (if) See p. 635, infra. 
 
 (x) See pp. 608, 609, *M/vr. 
 
 V. 
 
 40 
 
626 APPENDIX I. 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 CRDE1I IN' COUNCIL, DATED 
 MARCH 22ND, 1918. 
 
 [N.B. For alterations to this Order, see Order in Council of 
 June 4th, 1918, rules 6 and 10, p. 749, infra.'] 
 
 WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1872, 
 (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are to 
 be prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: 
 
 And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as 
 follows: 
 
 " Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the first register 
 to be prepared under this Act shall come into force on, and 
 remain in force until, such date as His Majesty may fix 
 by Order in Council, and His Majesty may by any such 
 Order alter, in connection with the first register, any regis- 
 tration dates, including the dates governing the qualify- 
 ing period, and direct that this Act shall have effect as so 
 altered" (s. 46 (2)) (a): 
 
 " His Majesty may by Order in Council prescribe the 
 forms to be used for registration purposes and any fees to 
 be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules con- 
 tained in the First Schedule to this Act for the purpose 
 of carrying this Act into full effect " * * * (s. 13 (2)) (6): 
 " The statement of any person, made in the prescribed 
 form and verified in the prescribed manner, that he would 
 have had the necessary qualification in any constituency 
 but for the service which brings him within the provisions 
 of this section, shall for all purposes of this section be suffi- 
 cient if there is no evidence to the contrary " (s. 5 (2)) (c). 
 And whereas by two Orders in Council dated the 4th day of 
 March, 1918 (d] (hereinafter referred to respectively as the 
 "dates order" and the "forms order"), provision was made 
 with respect to the dates applicable to the first register to be 
 prepared under the Act, and the forms to be used for registra- 
 tion purposes respectively: 
 
 And whereas the forms order does not apply to Scotland and 
 Ireland and it is necessary to prescribe forms for use in Scotland 
 and Ireland respectively: 
 
 And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question 
 which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and as 
 respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication 
 Act, 1893, both as to the matters for which provision has been 
 already made by the dates order and the forms order, and as to 
 the forms to be prescribed for Ireland under this order, and it 
 is necessary on account of urgency that any order providing for 
 Ihe matters dealt with by this order should come into operation 
 forthwith: 
 
 Now, THEREFORE, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the 
 
 (a) See p. 336, supra. (b) See pp. 133, 134, supra. 
 
 (e) See p. 77, supra. 
 
 (d] See pp. 613, 614 and 655578 respectively. 
 
ORDER IN COUNCIL. 
 
 advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, 
 as follows: 
 
 1. The dates affecting the first register to be prepared under 
 the Act, including the registration dates and the dates govern- 
 ing the qualifying period, shall, instead of the dates specified in 
 the Act, be the dates specified in the third column of the Sche- 
 dule (e) to the dates order, and in addition the date mentioned 
 in Rule 17 of the First Schedule to the Act shall for the 
 purposes of that register (instead of the 18th day of February 
 [August]) be the 5th day of July(e). 
 
 2. The forms specified in the Schedule (g] to the forms order 
 or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which 
 they are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of 
 the Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for England and 
 Wales. 
 
 3. The forms specified in the Schedule to the forms order under 
 Heading V. (h) (Forms of statement to be made under sec- 
 tion 5 (2) of the Act), and HeacLing VII. (*) (Forms of notice 
 
 eal) 
 
 of appeal) or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases 
 to which they are expressed in that Schedule to be applicable and 
 shall for the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed 
 forms not only for England and Wales but for the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 4. In particular- the forms of statement under Heading V. (h), 
 in the Schedule to the forms order or forms to the like effect 
 shall for the whole United Kingdom be deemed to be the pre- 
 scribed forms of statement that a person would have had the 
 necessary qualification but for the service which brings him 
 within the provisions of section 5 of the Act, and shall be veri- 
 fied by being countersigned by an officer or other person in the 
 manner shown in the forms. 
 
 5. The forms specified in Part I. of the Schedule to this order 
 or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they 
 are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the 
 Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for Scotland. 
 
 6. The forms specified in Part II. of the Schedule to this order 
 or forms to the like effect shall be used in the cases to which they 
 are expressed to be applicable and shall for the purposes of the 
 Act be deemed to be the prescribed forms for Ireland. 
 
 7. This order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, except 
 as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in accordance 
 with tho provisions of section. 2 of the Rules Publication Act, 1893. 
 
 ALMEBIC FrrzRoY. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 [Forms for fr'otJnnd and It'el<uid.~] 
 
 (e} The dates prescribed by the Order in Council of June 4th, 1918, 
 Lave been substituted for the dates here referred to. See rule 6, p. 749, 
 infra, and Fifth Schedule, p. 752, infra. 
 *(g) See pp. 556 578, supra. (h) See pp. 571674, supra. 
 
 (i) See pp. 575, 576, tupra. 
 
 40(2) 
 
628 APPENDIX I. 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 KULES MADE BY THE ADMIRALTY IN 
 PURSUANCE OF SECT. 41 (10) (y) FOR THE 
 PURPOSE OF THE INTERPRETATION OF 
 THE EXPRESSION "AFLOAT" IN SECT. 5 
 
 (3) (ii) (*). 
 
 The expression " afloat in connection with the war " means 
 any person employed under Admiralty directions who is living 
 on board any of His Majesty's ships or any ship or hulk pro- 
 vided for his accommodation by the Admiralty. 
 
 No. 13. 
 
 CIRCULAR LETTER (*) FROM LOCAL GOVERN- 
 MENT BOARD TO REGISTRATION 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, 
 Whitehall, S.W. 1, 
 
 13th May, 1918. 
 SIR, 
 
 I ,arn directed by the President of the Local Government 
 Board to advert to the circular letter of the 10th ultimo, in 
 which reference was made to certain matters arising under the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918, and in particular to the 
 registration of naval or military voters. 
 
 REGISTRATION OF NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTERS. 
 
 In the circular the Board pointed out that under present 
 conditions there might be miscarriage, or delay in the return to 
 the Registration Officer, of the postcards containing the state- 
 ments anade by naval or military voters of their qualifications to 
 be registered under section 5 (&) of the Act, and that therefore 
 special care was desirable to obtain as full information as possible 
 from local sources as to naval or military voters in order to secure, 
 not only that they should be included in the electors lists, but 
 also that the particulars as to description of service, regiment, 
 ship, etc., should be recorded for the purpose of their voting as 
 absent voters. Some misapprehension would, however, appear to 
 exist as to the right of a naval or military voter to be registered 
 unless a postcard containing the prescribed form of statement 
 
 (y) See p. 308, upr. (z) See p. 77, supra. 
 
 (a) See sect. 13 (1), p. 133, wpra. (8) See pp. 7679, supra. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 under sub-section (2) (c) of the section has been received. The 
 effect of the sub-section is that the statement of the naval or 
 military voter as to his qualification is to be taken as sufficient in 
 the absence of evidence to the contrary. It must, however, be 
 borne in mind that any person to whom section 5 of the Act 
 applies is entitled to be registered as a parliamentary elector for 
 any constituency in which he would have had the necessary 
 qualification but for the service which brings him within the 
 section, and if, in the case of any naval or military voter, the 
 Registration Officer is satisfied from the evidence obtained by 
 local enquiry or otherwise that such voter would, but for his 
 service, have possessed the qualification to be registered for the 
 constituency, it is the duty of the Registration Officer to cause 
 the name of the voter to be entered in the electors lists. If 
 a postcard is subsequently received from the voter any necessary 
 correction in the entry of the name should of course be made by 
 the Registration Officer in the revision of the lists. 
 
 The Boa.rd have received some inquiries as to the manner in 
 which the cases of naval or military voters who possess an actual 
 residence qualification in a constituency should be dealt with in 
 preparing the electors lists and registers. Some men in the 
 Forces have, by reason of the nature of their duties, been actually 
 residing in a particular constituency for more than six months, 
 although the constituency is not that in which they would have 
 resided but for their service. In such a case a naval or military 
 voter is by virtue of section 5 (1) of the Act not entitled 
 to 'be registered in the constituency in which he is residing 
 unices he makes a claim in the prescribed form to be regis- 
 tered in respect of his actual residence qualification in the 
 constituency, and makes the necessary declaration as to the steps 
 taken by him to prevent his being registered in any other 
 constituency for a residence qualification which, he would have had 
 but for his service. In such cases Form III. (d) can be supplied 
 for the use of the voter. 
 
 The Board understand that in some cases a man although he 
 has taken up service which brings him within the provisions of 
 section 5 of the Act has not ceased to reside in premises in the 
 constituency in respect of which he would have been qualified to 
 be registered in the ordinary way but for such service. The 
 Board do not think that t is necessary in any such case for u claim 
 to be made in respect of an actual residence qualification, as it is 
 obvious that a declaration cannot be made by him that he has 
 taken steps to prevent his being registered for another con- 
 stituency. The voter should be registered in the electors lists in 
 the ordinary way but his qualification should be described as N.M. 
 like other naval or military voters and he should be entered sub- 
 sequently in the absent voters list unless he gives notice to the 
 Registration Officer that he does not desire to l)e placed on that 
 list in accordance with Rule 17 (e] in the First Schedule to the 
 Act, 
 
 
 (r) See p. 77, supra 
 (d\ See p. 569, snpr>i. 
 . See pp. 345, 346, <; 
 
t>;JO APPENDIX 1. 
 
 DELIVERY OF CARDS. 
 
 The Registration Officer should now be receiving the postcards 
 containing the statements of naval or military voters. In order 
 to facilitate the return to the proper Registration Officer of the 
 completed cards which are to be distributed to the different classes 
 of naval or military voters by the Admiralty, Army Council, Air 
 Council, Board of Trade, Board of Agriculture and [Fisheries and 
 the various Organisations whose work comes within section 5 of 
 the Act, lists of place names indicating the parliamentary areas in 
 which places are situate have been supplied to the Government 
 Departments and the Organisations so that the officers verifying 
 the statements of the voters might be able to insert in the address 
 the name of the parliamentary county or borough. In general 
 therefore the cards will bear the proper address and will be 
 received [by the 'Registration Officer in the ordinary course of post. 
 
 In some cases, however, loss of time may be occasioned through 
 a card bearing only the name of the county or. the name of a town 
 other than that in which the office of the Registration Officer is 
 situated. The Postmaster-General has issued instructions which 
 it is hoped will secure as far as practicable that such cards are 
 delivered at the office of the Registration Officer of the parlia- 
 mentary borough or parliamentary county to which the qualify- 
 ing address relates. A certain number of cards may nevertheless 
 reach a Registration Officer which do not relate to qualifying 
 addresses within his registration area, e.g., a card may relate 
 to an address in an adjacent parliamentary county or to a par- 
 liamentary borough in the county. It is desirable therefore that 
 immediately on the receipt of a card the Registration Officer 
 should cause the qualifying address to be verified so as to ensure- 
 that the address is in his area. If on examination he finds that 
 the qualifying address relates to another registration area in 
 England or Wales, it is requested that he will at once forward 
 the card to the Registration Officer of that area if he is able to 
 identify the area. If the information is insufficient for this 
 purpose, the card should at once be sent to the Superintendent 
 on Duty, Inland Section, Mount Pleasant, London, E.G. 1. If 
 the qualifying address on the card shows that it relates to a 
 constituency in Scotland, it should be forwarded to the General 
 Register Office, Edinburgh, or if to a constituency in Ireland to 
 the Superintendent on Duty, Sorting Office. Dublin. 
 
 There may be special difficulty in regard to the cards relating 
 to qualifying addresses in the case of the geographical counties of 
 Yorkshire, Sussex, Lincolnshire and Suffolk which comprise two 
 or more parliamentary counties. If the cards have been addressed 
 to the Registration Officer, Yorkshire, Sussex, etc., the Post Office 
 will be in doubt to which Registration Officer the cards should be 
 sent. Arrangements have therefore been made for all cards thus 
 addressed to be forwarded by the Post Office to one Registration 
 Officer in each of these geographical counties who will distribute 
 to the other Registration Officers in that county the cards relating 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGLSTRAT1ON OFFICERS. 631 
 
 to their registration areas. The Registration Officer \vlio has 
 undertaken the distribution in each of the counties is: 
 
 1. Yorkshire ... Registration Officer for the County of 
 
 Yorks (West Biding), Wakefield. 
 
 2. Lincolnshire ... Registration Officer for the County of 
 
 the Parts of Lindsey, Lincoln. 
 
 3. Sussex Registration Officer for the County of 
 
 East Sussex, County Hall, Lewes. 
 
 4. Suffolk ... ... Registration Officer for the County of 
 
 East Suffolk, Ipswich. 
 
 The Registration Officer of any other parliamentary county or 
 borough who receives a card relating to any one of the four 
 counties mentioned and is unable .to identify the particular parlia- 
 mentary county to which it relates might adopt the same course. 
 
 Appended to this Circular is a list of the parliamentary counties 
 comprising more than one administrative county and of the 
 parliamentary boroughs containing more than one municipal 
 borough or urban district, indicating the Registration Officer for 
 each such parliamentary county or borough. 
 
 The difficulty of securing the registration of naval or military 
 voters is very greatly increased owing to the present war con- 
 ditions, and much additional labour may be thrown on Regis- 
 tration Officers. Mr. Hayes Fisher feels sure, however, that 
 every Registration Officer will by reciprocal action as above 
 suggested do what is possible to ensure that every card reaches 
 its proper destination. 
 
 TITLE PAGE FOR ELECTORS LISTS. 
 
 Some inquiries have been made as to the form of a title page 
 for the electors lists for each Registration Unit. 
 
 It has not been thought necessary to prescribe a form for the 
 purpose, and the Registration Officer will determine the precise 
 particulars which the page should include. The Board consider, 
 however, that in view of the need for economy there should be 
 onlv one title page for the unit which will be prefixed to Division 
 One of the electors lists. The Registration Officer will direct 
 what references to areas in addition to the constituency, polling 
 district (with its distinctive letter) and registration unit shall be 
 given on the title page. The particulars indicating the contents 
 of each of the three divisions of the electors lists and the 
 abbreviations used in the fourth column relating to the nature of 
 the qualifications which are prescribed with the Form of Register 
 by Order in Council should also appear on the front or on the 
 back of the title page. The description of the marks against tho 
 names of electors should not appear on the title page for the 
 electors lists, as marks will be placed, where necessary, by tho 
 Registration Officer in the course of making up the register and 
 the description can then be inserted. The Board do not think 
 that it is necessary to include in the headings of any of the sheets 
 in Division One or Divisions Two and Three any more com- 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 prehensive particulars than arc indicated in the register sheets 
 supplied by the Stationery Office for the purpose of entering up 
 the electors lists. 
 
 ABSENT VOTERS LIST. PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS, &c. 
 
 The Board desire to add that the Absent Voters List will not 
 bo published with the electors lists but is to be prepared by the 
 Registration Officer subsequently to the publication of the electors 
 lists. The separate list of naval or military voters suggested in 
 the Circular of 10th April (/) is intended to facilitate the prepara- 
 tion of the Absent Voters List and more particularly to secure 
 that particulars as to the ship, regiment, number, etc., of the 
 naval or military voters should be obtained so as to be entered 
 in the record of the addresses of absent voters. 
 
 A further circular will shortly be addressed to the Registration 
 Officer as to the form of the Absent Voters List and as to the 
 period for keeping documents published. The Board will also 
 furnish for the use of Registration Officers a model form of notice 
 as to the manner of and time for making claims and objections 
 which under Rule 6 (gr) in Schedule I. of the Act is to bo 
 published at the same time as the electors lists. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 H. C. MONRO, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 To the Registration Officer. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY COUNTIES CONTAINING MORE THAN ONE COUNTY. 
 
 Parliamentary Counties contained in 
 
 County. Parliamentary County. 
 
 Cornwall . 
 
 Parts of Kesteven 
 
 Registration 
 
 Officer. 
 
 Cornwall, Isles of Scilly.. j Clerk of the County 
 Council of Coruwall. 
 
 Lincoln (Parts of Kent- 
 
 (Lincolnshire) and even), Rutland. 
 Rutland. 
 
 Northampton, with [ Northampton, Scke of 
 
 the Soke of Peter- i Peterborough. 
 hi ) rough. 
 
 Brecon and Raduor. . j Brecon, Radnor 
 
 Clerk of the County 
 Council of Parts of 
 Kesteven . 
 
 Clerk of the County 
 Council of North- 
 ampton. 
 
 Clerk of the County 
 Council of Brecon. 
 
 (/) See pp. 023, 624, *pra. 
 Iff} See p. 341, .supra. 
 
DIRECTIONS TO REGISTRATION OFFICERS. 
 
 633 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGHS CONTAINING MORE THAN ONE BOROUGH 
 OR URBAN DISTRICT. 
 
 Pa vl ia men ta r y 
 Borough. 
 
 Boroughs or Urban District* 
 contained in 
 Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Registration 
 Officer. 
 
 Accrington 
 
 Accrington Church Clay- 
 
 Town Clerk 
 
 Asliton-under-LyiKj. . 
 Barnsley 
 
 Batley and Morley . . 
 Blackpool , 
 
 ton-le-Moors, Owald- 
 twistle, Rishton. 
 Ash ton- under- Lyne, 
 Hurst. 
 Barnsley, Ardsley, Dar- 
 ton, Monk Bretton. 
 Batley, Morley, Osnett . . 
 Blackpool Binpham with 
 
 Accrington. 
 
 Town Clerk, Ashton- 
 uuder-Lyiie. 
 Town Clerk, 
 Barnsley. 
 Town Clerk, Batley. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Norbreck, Lytham and 
 St. Anne's-on-the Sea. 
 Brighton, Hove 
 
 Blackpool. 
 Town Cierk, 
 
 Broinley 
 
 Bromlev, Beckenhain, 
 
 Brighton. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Bury 
 
 Peuge. 
 Bury, Tottington 
 
 Bromley. 
 Town Clerk, Bury. 
 
 'Cheltenham 
 
 Cheltenham Charlton 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Eccles 
 
 Kings. 
 Eccles, Swinton and Peii- 
 
 Cheltenham. 
 Town Clerk, Eccles. 
 
 'Grirosby 
 
 dlebury. 
 Grimsbv Clee^horpes . . 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 The Hartlepools 
 Hythe 
 
 Wet Hartlepool, 
 Hartlepool. 
 Hythe, Folkestone, 
 
 G-rimsby. 
 Town Clerk, 
 West Hartlepool. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Kingston- upon - 
 Thames. 
 
 Leigh 
 
 Cheriton, Sandgate. 
 Kingston - upon - Thames, 
 Surbilon, Maidens and 
 Combe. 
 Leigh, Atherton, Tyldes- 
 
 Folkestone. 
 Town Clerk, 
 Kingston -upon- 
 Thanies. 
 Town Clerk, Leigh, 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 ley-with-Shakerley. 
 Lincoln, Bracebridge .... 
 
 Lanes. 
 Town Clerk, Lincoln. 
 
 Morpeth 
 
 Morpeth, Ashington, Bed- 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Neluon and Colne . . 
 
 ^Newcastle- under - 
 Lyme. 
 
 Preston 
 
 lingtonshii-e, Blyth and 
 some email adjacent 
 areas. 
 Colne, Neleou, Barrow- 
 ford, Brierfield, Traw- 
 den and some small adja- 
 cent areas. 
 Newcastle - under - Lyme, 
 Audley, Wolstanton 
 United. 
 
 Morpeth. 
 Town Clerk, Nelson. 
 
 Town Clerk, New- 
 castle-under-Lyme. 
 
 Town Clerk, Preston. 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Richmond, Barries, Ham 
 
 Town Clerk, Rich- 
 
 
 Chatham, Grillingham, 
 
 mond, Surrey. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 
 Rochester. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
634 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Parliamentary 
 Borough. 
 
 Boroughsor Urban Districts 
 contained in 
 Parliamentary Borough. 
 
 Registration 
 Officer. 
 
 Rossendulf . . . 
 
 Bacup, Hasliugden, Rn,\v- 
 
 Town Clerk 
 
 Rotherham 
 
 tenstall. 
 Rotherham, Grreasbrough, 
 
 Rawtenstall. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Southampton . ... 
 
 Rawmarsh 
 Southampton. Itchen, 
 
 Rotherham. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 8tocktou-on-Tees. . . . 
 Sunderland . . 
 
 Bitterne (parish of). 
 Stockton-on-Tees, 
 Thornaby - on- Tees. 
 Sunderland, South wick- 
 
 Southampton. 
 Town Clerk, 
 Stockton- on -Tees^ 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Wall send 
 
 on -Wear. 
 Wallsend, Gosforth 
 
 Sunderland. 
 Town Clerk 
 
 Wednesbury 
 
 Longbenton, Weetslade, 
 A\^ednesbury Darlaston, 
 
 Wallsend. 
 Town Cleik 
 
 Wimbledon 
 
 Tipton. 
 TV^imbledou JVIertoii, 
 
 Wednesbury. 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 Wolverhamptou .... 
 Cardiff 
 
 Morden. 
 Wolverhampton, Bilston, 
 Coseley, Heath Town 
 (or Wednesfield Heath), 
 Sedglev, Short Heath, 
 Wednesfield, Willenhall. 
 Cardiff, Penarth 
 
 Wimbledon. 
 Town Clerk, 
 Wol verhampton... 
 
 Town Clerk Cardiff. 
 
 Carnarvon District of 
 Boroughs. 
 
 Merthyr Tydfil .... 
 
 Bangor, Carnarvon, Con- 
 way, Pwllheli, Criccieth, 
 Llandudno, Llanfair- 
 fechan, Penmaenniawr, 
 Nevin (parish of). 
 Merthyr Tydfil, Aberdare, 
 Mountain Ash. 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 Carnarvon.. 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 Merthyr Tydfil. 
 
WORK RECOGNISED AS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE. 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 WOEK RECOGNISED BY THE ADMIRALTY, 
 ARMY COUNCIL, AND AIR COUNCIL, AS 
 WORK OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE IN 
 CONNECTION WITH THE WAR IN PUR- 
 SUANCE OF SECT. 5 (8) (n) (c) (h). 
 
 ADMIRALTY. 
 
 Navy and Army Canteen Board. 
 Wesdeyan Army and Navy Board. 
 Young Men's Christian Association. 
 The Salvation Army. 
 Young Women's Christian Association. 
 
 ARMY COUNCIL. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 Salvation Army. 
 
 Church Army. 
 
 Scottish Churches Huts. 
 
 Catholic Women's League. 
 
 Catholic Club Huts. 
 
 United Navy and Army Board. 
 
 Soldiers' Christian Association. 
 
 The Colonial and Continental Church Society. 
 
 Navy and Army Canteen Board. 
 
 Wesley an Army and Navy Board. 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association. 
 
 AIR COUNCIL. 
 All the bodies recognised by the Army Council. 
 
 (A) See pp. 78. 80, .//>//. 
 
636 APPENDIX II. 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 COUNTY COURT RULES AND RULES OF 
 SUPREME COURT AS TO APPEALS TO 
 COURT or APPEAL FROM COUNTY 
 COURTS. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1. County Court Rules, Explanatory Memorandum 636 
 
 2. County Court Rules 638 
 
 3. County Court Rules, 1918 (No. 2) 662 
 
 4. Rules of Supreme Court as to Appeals (Registration 
 
 Appeals Rule, 1918) 669 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 COUNTY COURT RULES, DATED ISTH JUNE, 
 1918, AS TO APPEALS FROM REGISTRA- 
 TION OFFICERS UNDER THE REPRE- 
 SENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 
 (7 & 8 G-EO. 5, c. (54), SECT. 14 (Ii). 
 
 EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM. 
 
 These Rules have been framed under section 14, sub-s. 1 of 
 the Representation of the People Act, 1918. 
 
 Rule 2 defines the court to which an appeal shall lie, as 
 provided by s. 14, sub-s. 1. 
 
 Rule 3 provides who shall be respondents to an appeal. See 
 Act, s. 14, sub-s. 1, and Sched. 1, Rule 29. 
 
 Rules 4 and 5 provide for the information to be furnished by 
 the registration officer to the court. See Act, Sched. 1, Rules 29 
 and 30. 
 
 Rule 6 requires the appellant to send notice to the court re- 
 questing the appeal to be entered for hearing, and to pay the 
 prescribed fee. 
 
 (A) See pp. 134137, supra. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 637 
 
 Rule 7 provides for cases where appeals are sent to the wrong 
 court. 
 
 Rule 8 provides for the numbering of appeals, and for a record 
 to be kept of such appeals. 
 
 Eule 9 provides for the fixing of a time and place for the 
 hearing of an appeal, and for the length of notice to the parties. 
 
 Paragraph 3 applies to appeals in the present year. The work 
 of the registration officers in framing the first register must 
 necessarily be heavy, and it is uncertain when notices of appeal 
 will reach the county courts; and it will be difficult for the 
 judges to fix courts for the hearing of appeals without delay, 
 unless special arrangements are made. Paragraph 3 therefore 
 fixes for this year a period within which the appeals may be set 
 down for hearing, so as to fit in with any arrangements which 
 may be made altering the normal time for the closing of the 
 courts during the vacation, and to provide for appeals being 
 heard and decided in time for the register to be altered in 
 accordance with the results before it is published. 
 
 Paragraph 4 gives power to fix the hearing of appeals at 
 courts other than those to which the appeals lie. 
 
 Rule 10 provides for notice of hearing. 
 
 Rule 11 provides for evidence on an appeal. In most cases the 
 statement of the registration officer may be expected to be suffi- 
 cient ; but as an appeal lies on question of fact, the rule provides 
 that the parties may, by leave of the judge, give further evidence. 
 
 Rule 12 provides for the appearance of parties. With regard 
 to par. (1) (d), the parties may under the Act, Sched. 1,, 
 Rule 39, appear by any person, which includes registration 
 agents: and it is thought that where parties are not repre- 
 sented by solicitors or counsel, it would facilitate the hearing 
 of appeals if such agents were allowed to appear, and par. (1) (d) 
 has been framed accordingly. 
 
 Rules 13, 14 and 15 define the powers of the court on the 
 hearing of appeals. 
 
 Rule 16 requires the judge to take a note of any question of 
 law raised, and to furnish copies. 
 
 Rule 17 provides for costs: Paragraph 3 is taken from sect. 70 
 of the Registration Act of 1843. 
 
 Rule 20 provides for the consolidation of appeals in cases 
 decided on the same points of law, or rather for the selection of 
 one case for hearing as a test case, as contemplated by the Act, 
 Sched. 1, Rule 30. 
 
 Rule 21 provides for service of notices, etc., and proof of 
 service. 
 
 Rule 22 provides for fees. 
 
 Rule 23 provides that a person desiring to appeal from the 
 county court to the Court of Appeal shall give notice to the 
 county court of his intention to appeal, so as to enable the judge 
 to consolidate appeals. 
 
638 APPENDIX II. 
 
 Rule 24 provides for the consolidation of appeals. The Rules 
 of the Supreme Court giye power to the judge of the county 
 eourt to order such consolidation. The rule is based on sect. 44 
 of the Registration Act of 1843. 
 
 Rule 25 provides for cases in which a deputy or acting registra- 
 tion officer deals with the register, and notice of appeal from 
 his decision is given. 
 
 Rule 20 provides for cases in which an assistant judge ap- 
 pointed under sect. 14 of the Act hears appeals. 
 
 Rule 27 provides forms for use on appeals. 
 
 Rule 28 provides for cases of non-compliance with the Rules 
 or departure from the prescribed forms. 
 
 Rule 29 provides for the computation of time, and is based on 
 the Act, Sched. 1, Rule 42, and the County Court Rules, 
 Order LIV., Rules 17-19. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 COUNTY COUET EULES, DATED 18-TH JUNE, 
 1918, AS TO APPEALS FEOM EEGISTEA- 
 TION OFFICEES UNDEE THE EEPEE- 
 SENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918 
 (7 & 8 GEO. 5, c. 64), SECT. 14 (b). 
 
 1. Procedure on appeals under 7 & 8 Geo. 5, c. 64, s. 14.- 
 The procedure on appeals to the county court from the decisions 
 of registration officers under section fourteen of the Repre- 
 sentation of the People Act, 1918 (in these Rules referred to 
 as "the Act"), shall be governed by the following rules. 
 
 2. Court to which appeal shall lie.- (1) The court (c) to which 
 an appeal shall lie shall be the court 'in the district of which the 
 qualifying premises (as denned by this Rule) are situate, subject 
 to paragraph 2 of Rule 7, and to the power of the judge to fix 
 the place for the hearing of the appeal pursuant to Rule 9. 
 
 (2) For the purposes of this Rule the expression " the qualify- 
 ing premises " means the premises in respect of which the person 
 whose right to be registered is in any way in question on the 
 appeal is entered on the electors list or claims to be entitled 
 to be registered; or where such person is so entered or claims 
 to be entitled to be registered in respect of residence in or 
 occupation of premises in succession, the premises last resided 
 in or occupied during the qualifying period as defined by section 
 six of the Act. 
 
 (b) See pp. 134137, tupra. 
 
 (c) See sect. 14 (1), p. 134, supra. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 639 
 
 3. Respondent* to appeal. Where notice of appeal is given 
 pursuant to Eule 29 (c) in the first Schedule to the Act, the party 
 (if any) in whose favour the decision of the registration officer 
 is given shall be the respondent; and the registration officer (c?) 
 shall also be named as a respondent. 
 
 4. Notice of appeal and other documents to be sent by regis- 
 tration officer to registrar. (1) On a notice of appeal being 
 given to the registration officer pursuant to Eule 29 (c) in the 
 first Schedule to the Act, he shall within seven days after the 
 receipt of the notice forward the same by post to the registrar 
 of the court to which the appeal lies, together in each case with 
 
 (a) a copy of any claim or notice of objection sent to him 
 
 in the matter; 
 
 (b) a statement of the material facts which in his opinion 
 
 have been established in the case; and 
 
 (o) a statement of his decision upon the whole case and upon 
 any special point which may be specified in the notice 
 of appeal as a ground of appeal. 
 
 (2) The registration officer shall also on request furnish to the 
 court any further information which the court may require, and 
 which he is able to furnish. 
 
 5. Where a number of appeals are based on similar grounds 
 (Form 1). Where it appears to the registration officer that any 
 notices of appeal given to him are based on similar grounds, he 
 shall forward to the registrar a declaration to that effect, for 
 the purpose of enabling the court, if it thinks fit, to consolidate 
 the appeals, or to select one of such cases for hearing in the 
 first instance as a test case (e). 
 
 6. Request by appellant for entry of appeal for hearing. 
 A person desiring to appeal against the decision of a registration 
 officer shall in addition to giving notice of appeal pursuant to 
 Eule 29 in the first Schedule to me Act forward to the registrar 
 of the court to which the appeal lies, within the time fixed by 
 that rule, a copy of the notice of appeal, accompanied by a request 
 to the court, according to the form in the Appendix, to enter the 
 appeal (Form 2) for hearing and to fix a time and place for the 
 hearing thereof, and shall state in such request an address to 
 which notices and other documents are to be sent, and shall with 
 such copy and request forward to the registrar the fee prescribed 
 by these Eules. 
 
 7. Where notice of appeal or request forwarded to wrong 
 ?-ourt. (1) If any notice of appeal or request for the entry of 
 an appeal is forwarded to a court other than the court to which 
 it should have been forwarded, the registrar shall within two 
 days after the receipt thereof forward the same and any docu- 
 ments and the fee relating to the matter to the registrar of the 
 proper court, who shall proceed thereon as if such notice or 
 
 (c) See p. 350, supra. 
 
 (d) See sect. 14 (5), p. 136, tupra. 
 
 (e) See First Schedule, rule 30, p. 350, supra. 
 
640 APPENDIX II. 
 
 request had been forwarded to him in the first instance; and 
 the time within which the hearing is to be fixed shall be calcu- 
 lated from the date on which such request is received by him. 
 (2) If after an appeal has been entered for hearing and notice 
 of the hearing has been given it appears that the notice of appeal 
 and request for entry should have been forwarded to some other 
 court, the judge may either 
 
 (a) transfer the appeal to such other court, in which case it 
 
 shall be dealt with as if the notice and request had 
 been sent in the first instance to that court ; or 
 
 (b) retain the appeal and deal with the same in the court 
 
 in which it is entered, in which case the proceedings 
 on the appeal shall be as valid as if it had been properly 
 sent to that court. 
 
 8. Notices of appeal to be numbered consecutively, Notices 
 of appeal with requests for the entry of the appeals for hearing 
 received and retained by the registrar shall be numbered by him 
 consecutively, and shall be entered in a register to be kept by 
 the registrar according to the form in the Appendix (Form 13); 
 and all subsequent notices and documents relating to any such 
 appeal shall bear the same number. 
 
 9. Fixing time and place for hearing appeal. (1) On receipt 
 of a request for the entry of an appeal for hearing the registrar 
 shall enter the same accordingly, and shall communicate with 
 the judge, who shall, as soon as conveniently may be, fix a time 
 and place for the hearing of the appeal. 
 
 (2) The time to be fixed shall be within twenty-one days 
 from the day on which the request is received by the registrar, 
 and shall be so fixed as to allow notice of the hearing to be 
 given to the parties and the registration officer five clear days 
 at least before the day so fixed. 
 
 (3) Provided that in the year nineteen hundred and eighteen 
 the time for the hearing of any appeal may be fixed for any day 
 between the second and the twenty-first days of September, both 
 inclusive, although the day so fixed may be more than twenty-one 
 days from the day on which the request >f or the entry of the appeal 
 is received by the registrar. 
 
 The place of hearing shall be the place at which the court 
 Provided that if the judge is satisfied that any appeal can 
 be more conveniently heard at some other court of which he is 
 the judge, or at some other place within or without the district 
 of the court which is available for the purpose, he may order the 
 hearing to take place at such other court or place. 
 
 (5) Two courts for the hearing of appeals may be held on one 
 day before the same judge. 
 
 10. Notice of hearing to parties and registration officer. 
 On the time and place for the hearing being fixed, the registrar 
 shall give notice thereof to the appellant and to the respondent 
 (if any), and to the registration officer, according to the form 
 in the Appendix. Provided that where the same person is appel- 
 lant or respondent in a number of appeals fixed to be heard 
 
 . (4) T 
 is held: 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 641 
 
 on the same day it shall be sufficient to send one notice only to 
 such person (Forms 3, 4, 5), with a schedule appended thereto 
 of the appeals to which the notice relates: Provided also, that it 
 shall be sufficient to send one notice only to the registration officer 
 of a number of appeals fixed to be heard on the same day, with 
 a schedule appended thereto of the appeals to which the notice 
 relates. 
 
 11. Furnishing copies of documents sent by registration officer. 
 (1) The registrar shall, on the application and at the cost of 
 any party to an appeal, furnish him with a copy of any docu- 
 ment, statement, or information forwarded by the registration 
 officer to the registrar. 
 
 (2) Documents to be received and used at hearing. Further 
 evidence. The documents, statement, and information so for- 
 warded shall be received and used on the hearing of the appeal, 
 and shall be primd facie evidence of the facts stated therein; 
 but any party to the appeal may, by leave of the judge, give such 
 further evidence as he may be advised. 
 
 (3) Oral evidence. Where further evidence is tendered, oral 
 evidence only shall be admitted, unless by consent or otherwise 
 ordered. 
 
 (4) Admission of certain material as prima facie evidence. 
 The judge may order that any material, whether strictly ad- 
 missible in evidence or not, which in his opinion ought to be 
 admitted as 'prima -facie evidence of any fact, shall be primd 
 facie evidence of that fact, so as to throw the burden of proof 
 on to the other party. 
 
 (5) Sending back statement for restatement. If in the opinion 
 of the judge the statement forwarded by the registration officer, 
 and the other material before the court, are not sufficient to 
 enable him to give judgment in law, he may remit the statement 
 to the registration officer for restatement or further statement. 
 
 12. Appearance of parties. (1) Any party to an appeal may 
 appear or act on the appeal 
 
 in person; 
 
 by any solicitor who would be entitled to appear for such 
 party in an action in the county court; 
 
 (c) by counsel; or 
 
 (d) by any other person nominated by such party in writing 
 
 signed by him to appear or act on his behalf and ap- 
 proved by the judge; 
 but not otherwise. 
 
 Provided that the judge may allow any party to appear or act 
 by a person not nominated in writing as required by paragraph 
 (d), if he is satisfied that such person is in fact authorised to 
 appear or act for such party, and that the failure to obtain a 
 nomination in writing is due to mistake or other reasonable cause. 
 
 F. 41 
 
 (a) ii 
 (b)b 
 
642 APPENDIX II. 
 
 (2) No person (other than a solicitor) who appears or acts on 
 behalf of any party to an appeal shall be entitled to have or re- 
 cover any fee, reward or sum for so appearing or acting, other 
 than such travelling expenses (if any) as may be allowed by the 
 court: Provided that nothing in these rules contained shall affect 
 the right of a solicitor to recover costs (subject to the limita- 
 tion imposed by these rules) in respect of his employment of 
 counsel. 
 
 13. Amendment of notice of appeal, &c. The judge may at 
 any stage of the proceedings allow the amendment of the notice 
 of appeal, or make any other order on such terms as he may 
 think just, to ensure the determination on the merits of the real 
 question in controversy between the parties. 
 
 14. Power to draw inferences of fact. The judge shall have 
 power to draw all inferences of fact which might have been 
 drawn by the registration officer, and to give any decision and 
 make any order which ought to have been given or made by the 
 registration officer, regard being had in particular to Eule 22 (df) 
 in the first Schedule to the Act. 
 
 15. General powers. Subject to the special provisions of these 
 rules, the court shall in relation to any appeal have all the powers 
 attaching to the exercise of its ordinary jurisdiction, and the 
 rules governing the practice of the court shall with the necessary 
 modifications apply accordingly. 
 
 16. Note to le taken of question of law raised, etc., and copy 
 furnished. At the hearing of an appeal the judge shall make a 
 note of any question of law raised, and of the facts in evidence 
 in relation thereto, and of his decision thereon, and of his de- 
 cision on the (hearing of the appeal : and ire, where notice of appeal 
 to the Court of Appeal has been given, shall, at the expense 
 of any party to such appeal, furnish a copy of the note so taken 
 to such party, and shall sign such copy, whether notice of appeal 
 to the Court of Appeal has been given or not. 
 
 17. Costs. (1) The costs of and incidental to an appeal .shall 
 be in the discretion of the judge. 
 
 (2) The judge may either fix the amount of such costs, or allow 
 them on such scale as he may direct, and in default of any such 
 direction they shall be taxed under Column A. of the higher scale 
 of costs in use in the County Courts : and an order directing pay- 
 ment of any such costs shall be enforceable in the same manner 
 as an order to the like effect made in an action. 
 
 (3) A respondent to an appeal, other than the registration 
 officer, shall not be liable or entitled to costs, unless he appears 
 before the court in support of the decision of the registration 
 officer. 
 
 18. Order on appeal. When the judge has given judgment 
 on an appeal the registrar shall as soon as conveniently may be 
 draw up. seal and file an order (Form 6) in accordance with the 
 
 (rf) See p. 347, supra. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 643 
 
 decision, specifying exactly every alteration or correction to be 
 made in the electors lists or register pursuant to the order; 
 and sealed copies of the order shall be sent to the registration 
 officer and to each party to the appeal. 
 
 19. Where hearing to take place at another court. Where 
 the hearing of an appeal is fixed to take place at another court, 
 the registrar of the court to which notice of appeal is sent shall 
 forthwith send notice to the registrar of such other court that 
 the hearing has been ordered to take place there; and he shall 
 in sufficient time before the hearing transmit the papers to the 
 registrar of the court at which the hearing is to take place, who 
 shall act at the hearing for the first-mentioned registrar, and 
 shall after the hearing return the papers to him with a minute of 
 the order made: and the order shall be drawn up, filed, sealed 
 and proceeded on in the court to which the notice of appeal was 
 originally sent in like manner as if the hearing had taken place 
 there. 
 
 20. Consolidation of appeals to county court, or selection of 
 one appeal for hearing as test case (Form 7). (1) Where it 
 appears to the judge, from any declaration to that effect for- 
 warded by the registration officer to the registrar, or otherwise, 
 that any number of cases decided by the registration officer in 
 which notices of appeal have been given to him and forwarded 
 by him to the registrar, and requests for the entry of the appeals 
 for hearing have been forwarded to the registrar, depend and 
 have been decided by the registration officer on the same point 
 or points of law, the judge may declare that such appeals ought 
 to be consolidated, or that one appeal should be selected for hear- 
 ing in the first instance as a test case; and thereupon the 
 following provisions shall apply (e). 
 
 (2) A time and place shall be fixed for the hearing of such 
 appeals in accordance with Eule 9, but one only of such appeals 
 shall be selected by the judge for hearing in the first instance as a 
 test case; arid the registrar shall as soon as may be send to the 
 parties to the selected appeal and all the other appeals, and to the 
 registration officer, a notice according to the form in the Appen- 
 dix (Form 8), informing such parties and the registration officer 
 that it appears to the judge that the cases specified in the 
 schedule appended to the notice depend and have been decided 
 by the registration officer on the same point or points of law, 
 and that the judge has directed that the selected appeal shall 
 be heard in the first instance as a test case. The provisoes to 
 
 .Rule 10 shall apply to notices sent under this Rule. 
 
 (3) The notice shall further request the parties to the other 
 appeals to give notice (Form 9) to the registrar and to the 
 opposite parties and the registration officer, within three days 
 from the date of the notice sent by the registrar, either that they 
 consent to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal 
 
 (f) See First Schedule, rule 30, p. 350, supra. 
 
 41 (2) 
 
614 APPENDIX II. 
 
 (without prejudice to their right to appeal to the Court of 
 Appeal), or that ihe\ require the appeals to which they are 
 parties to be heard. 
 
 (4) Where the same person is appellant or respondent in a 
 number of such appeals, it shall be sufficient for him to send 
 separate notices (Form 10) to the respondents or appellants 
 (other than the registration officer) in such appeals, and one 
 notice only to the registrar and to the registration officer, with 
 a schedule appended thereto of the appeals to which the notice 
 relates. 
 
 (5) In the case of any appeal in which no notice requiring such 
 appeal to be heard is sent, the parties shall be deemed to consent 
 to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal (without pre- 
 judice to their right to appeal to the Oourt of Appeal) ; and in any 
 such case, after the selected appeal has been disposed of, an order 
 similar to that made on the selected appeal shall be made without 
 further hearing, but no costs shall be allowed to either side, other 
 than the court fees and the costs of and incidental to the notice 
 of appeal and the request for the entry of the appeal for hear- 
 ing, and the notice sent by the registrar and any notice sent 
 in reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to the order. 
 
 (6) The parties who consent or under this rule are to be deemed 
 to consent to be bound by the decision on the selected appeal, 
 and who are in the same interest as the unsuccessful party to- 
 such appeal, shall be liable for the costs of the selected appeal 
 in the same manner and to the same extent as the unsuccessful 
 party to such appeal, and an order directing them to pay such 
 costs may be made and enforced accordingly. 
 
 (7) In the case of any appeal in which notice requiring the 
 appeal to be heard is sent, such appeal shall be heard after the 
 selected appeal is disposed of; but a party requiring any such 
 appeal to be heard shall be liable to pay costs to the opposite 
 party, and shall not be entitled to receive any costs of or in 
 such appeal, other than the court fees and the costs of and 
 incidental to the notice of appeal and the request for the entry of 
 the appeal for hearing, and the notice sent by the registrar and 
 any notice sent in reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to 
 the order, unless the judge shall otherwise order. 
 
 21. Service of notices and documents. (1) Any notice or other 
 document required or authorised by these Eules to be sent to 
 the registration officer may be sent to him by post addressed to 
 him at his office. Any notice or other document required or 
 authorised by these Rules to be sent to any other person shall 
 be sufficiently sent if sent by post to the address of such person 
 as given by him for the purpose or appearing on the documents 
 forwarded to the Oourt, or, if there is no such address, to his 
 last known place of abode. Provided that where any such 
 person acts by a solicitor or by a person nominated in writing 
 pursuant to Rule 12, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (d), any such 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 64o 
 
 notice or document may be sent by post to such solicitor or 
 person at the address for service given by him. 
 
 (2) Proof of service. Any such notice or document shall,, 
 unless the contrary be proved, be deemed to have been served 
 at the time when the same would have been delivered in the 
 ordinary course of post, and in proving the service thereof it 
 shall be sufficient to prove that the same .was properly addressed 
 and posted. 
 
 22. Fees. An inclusive fee of 10s. shall be payable under 
 Part I. of Schedule B. of the Treasury Order regulating Fees 
 in the County Courts on every appeal before the appeal is entered 
 for hearing. 
 
 Such fee shall cover all work done by the registrar 
 in relation to the appeal, other than the taxation of costs where 
 such costs are taxed under any column of the higher scale of costs, 
 for which a fee of 2s. 6d. shall be taken under Part I. of the said 
 Schedule B., and making copies of documents for the use of 
 any party to the appeal, for which 4d. per folio shall be allowed. 
 
 Where the hearing of an appeal is to take place at another 
 court, the registrar of the court to which the notice of appeal is 
 sent shall account to the treasurer of his court for one-fourth part 
 of the said fee of 10s. as a foreign fee, and the treasurer of the 
 court at which the hearing is to take place shall allow such one- 
 fourth part to the registrar of that court. 
 
 23. Notice of appeal from county court to Court of Appeal. 
 A person desiring to appeal to the Court of Appeal against the 
 decision of the county court on any appeal shall give notice 
 of his intention to appeal to the registrar and to the registration 
 officer and to the opposite party, if any, according to the form 
 in the Appendix (Form 11), when the decision is given, or 
 within five days thereafter, specifying the grounds of appeal. 
 
 24. Consolidation of o/f^peals from county court to Court of 
 Appeal. (1) Where it appears to the judge that the validity of 
 any number of decisions given by the county court on appeals 
 from the decisions of the registration officer depends upon the 
 same point or points of law, and the parties to such appeals or (any 
 of them have given notice to the registrar of their intention 
 to appeal to the Court of Appeal, the judge may, whether the 
 appeals to the county court have or have not been consolidated, 
 declare that the appeals to the Court of Appeal ought to be 
 consolidated; and thereupon the following provisions shall apply. 
 
 (2) In any such case the judge, after making and furnishing 
 a copy of a note in one of such appeals as provided by Rule 16, 
 shall make and sign a statement according to the form in the 
 Appendix (Form 12) that the several persons whose names and 
 qualifications are set out in a schedule to be appended to the 
 statement were parties as appellants or respondents to appeals 
 from decisions of the registration officer given in circumstances 
 similar to those in the case in which the note is made, and that 
 similar decisions were given on all the said appeals (the numbers 
 
646 APPENDIX II. 
 
 of the several appeals to which the said persons respectively were 
 parties being set opposite to their respective names in the 
 schedule), and that due notice of appeals from such decisions was 
 given, and that he declared that the appeals in all the said cases 
 ought to be consolidated. 
 
 (3) And he may name any person interested and consenting to 
 be appellant or respondent in the consolidated appeal on behalf 
 of himself and all other persons interested in like manner in 
 the appeals who consent to be parties to and to be bound by 
 the consolidated appeal, and such person shall sign a declaration 
 that he appeals (Form 12) on behalf of himself and all the other 
 persons interested as appellants whose names are written under 
 the declaration, and agrees to prosecute the appeal, or that he 
 agrees on behalf of himself and all the other persons interested 
 as respondents whose names are written under the declaration to 
 appear and answer the appeal; and the names and qualifications 
 of every party intended to be joined shall be written under the 
 declaration; and the declaration so signed shall be delivered to 
 the registrar, and a copy thereof shall be appended to the state- 
 ment made by the judge; and every party whose name is so 
 written shall be deemed to consent to be a party to and to be 
 bound by the consolidated appeal. 
 
 25. Where deputy or temporary registration officer ap- 
 pointed. Where any deputy registration officer approved under 
 sub-section three, or any person temporarily appointed under sub- 
 section four of section twelve (/) of the Act performs the duties 
 and exercises the powers of the registration officer in relation 
 to the formation of the register, and notice of appeal against 
 any decision of such deputy or other person is given, the pro- 
 visions of these Eules as to the registration officer shall as regards 
 such appeal apply to such deputy or other person as they apply 
 to the registration officer as regards cases dealt with by him, 
 and references in these Eules to the registration officer shall as 
 regards such appeal be construed as referring to such deputy 
 or other person accordingly. 
 
 26. Where assistant judge appointed. Where an assistant 
 judge appointed pursuant to sub-section six of section fourteen 
 of the Act is performing any of the duties of the judge under 
 the Act, references in these Eules to the court or judge shall be 
 construed as referring to such assistant judge (g). 
 
 27. Forms. (1) The forms in the Appendix to these Kules, 
 with such modifications as may be necessary, shall be used for 
 notices and orders under these Eules. 
 
 (2) The registrar of any court may apply to the Treasury for 
 any of the said forms to be printed and supplied to him, and if 
 the application is granted may obtain such forms and supply 
 such of the same as are to be used by parties to appeals, without 
 charge, for the use of parties requiring the same. 
 
 ) See pp. 130, 131, supra. 
 See sect. 14 (6), pp. 136, 137, supra. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES. 647 
 
 28. Non-compliance with rules- or forms. (1) Non-compliance 
 with any of these Rules or any departure from the forms in the 
 Appendix shall not render any proceedings void unless the judge 
 shall so direct, but such proceedings may be set aside either 
 wholly or in part as irregular, or may be amended or otherwise 
 dealt with in such manner and upon such terms as the judge mav 
 think fit. 
 
 * 
 
 29. Reckoning of time. In reckoning time for the purposes 
 of these Kules Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and any 
 bank holiday or day set apart as a public holiday or day of 
 public fast, humiliation or thanksgiving, or any day on which 
 the offices of the court are closed, shall be excluded, and where 
 the time for doing any act or taking any proceeding under these! 
 Rules expires on any such day, such act or proceeding shall, 
 so far as regards the time of doing or taking the same, be held 
 to be duly done or taken if done or taken on the next day 
 not being one of any such days. 
 
 30. Short title. These Rules may be cited as the County Court 
 (Registration Appeals) Rules, 1918. 
 
648 APPENDIX II. 
 
 APPENDIX OF FORMS. 
 No. 1. 
 
 Declaration by Registration Officer that it appears to him that 
 a number of Notices of Appeal are based on similar 
 grounds. 
 
 The Representation of the People Act, 1918. 
 I hereby declare that it appears to me that the notices of appeal 
 given to me in the cases mentioned in the Schedule hereto 
 are based on similar grounds, and I forward to the Court this 
 declaration accordingly, for the purpose of enabling the Court 
 (if the Court thinks fit) to consolidate the appeals, or to select 
 one of such cases for hearing in the first instance as a test case. 
 
 The day of , 19 . 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 To the Registrar of the County Court 
 of held at 
 
 Schedule. 
 
 No. 
 
 Appellant. Respondents. 
 
 1 
 
 A.B., C.D., 
 of (address). of (address}, and 
 Officer for 
 
 And $0 on. 
 
 the Registration 
 
 Registration Officer. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Request by Appellant for Entry of Appeal. 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and ' 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- 
 tration Officer for 
 
 Between 
 A.B. 
 
 of (address) Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 of (address) 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I HEREWITH forward to you copy of the notice of appeal 
 
 r given tc 
 and to the Registration Officer. 
 
 in the above-mentioned matter given to the above-named 
 
 ippeai 
 C.D. 
 
>UNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 
 
 649 
 
 I request the Court to enter the appeal for hearing, and to fix 
 a, time and place for the hearing thereof. 
 
 I enclose the sum of 10s. for the fee payable on the entry of 
 ihe appeal for hearing. 
 
 Bated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B. , Appellant. 
 
 (add address') 
 
 to which address all notices or other documents are to be sent. 
 To the Registrar of the County Court 
 of held .at 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Notice of Time and Place for Hearing of Appeal. 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 No. of Appeal, 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- 
 tration Officer for 
 
 A.B. 
 
 of (address} 
 
 .D. 
 
 of (address) 
 
 Between 
 
 and 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for 
 
 Appellant 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE, that the above-mentioned appeal will be heard 
 at a Court to be held at on the day of 
 
 ,19 , at the hour of in the noon; 
 
 And that if you do not attend either in person or by your 
 solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings 
 will be taken and order made as the Judge may think just. 
 
 Dated this 
 
 day of 
 
 19 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 To (the Appellant and the Respondent 
 (if any) named in the notice of appeal) 
 and to the Registration Officer for 
 
650 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Notice of Time and Place for Hearing to Appellant or Respon- 
 dent in a number of Appeals fixed to be heard on the same 
 day. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of 
 the Registration Officer for enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE, that the several appeals enumerated in the 
 Schedule hereto in which you are the Appellant [or the Respon- 
 dent] will be heard at a Court to be held at on 
 the day of , 19 j at the hour of in the 
 noon; 
 
 And that if you do not attend either in person or by your 
 solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings 
 will be taken and orders made on the said appeals as the Judge 
 may think just. 
 
 Bated this day of , 19 . 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 To (the Appellant or the Respondent, 
 naming him'}. 
 
 No. 
 
 Schedule of Appeals. 
 
 Appellants. 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 Where same 
 
 A.B., 
 
 (address). 
 
 The same. 
 
 And 
 Or, where tame 
 
 G.H., 
 
 (address). 
 
 K.L., 
 
 (aitdrest) . 
 M.N., 
 
 (address) . 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 C.D., 
 
 (address), and the Registration 
 
 Officer. 
 E.F., 
 
 (address,, and the Registration 
 
 Officer. 
 so on. 
 
 Respondent. 
 
 I.J., 
 
 (address], and the Registration 
 Officer. 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 And 
 
 Registrar. 
 
COUNTY COURT KULES (FORMS). 651* 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 Notice to Registration Officer of Time and Place for Hearing 
 of a Number of Appeals fixed to be Heard on the same 
 Day. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several Appeals, against the decisions of 
 the Registration Officer for enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE, that the several appeals enumerated in the 
 Schedule hereto will be heard at a Court to be held at 
 on the day of , 19 , at the hour of 
 
 in the noon; 
 
 And that if you do not attend either in person or by your 
 solicitor at the time and place above-mentioned such proceedings 
 will be taken and orders made on the said appeals as the Judge 
 may think just. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 Registrar. 
 To the Registration Officer for 
 
 Schedule of Appeals. 
 
 No. 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 Respondent. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 (Name and address}. 
 (Name and address] . 
 And 
 
 (Name and address], and the Regis- 
 tration Officer. 
 (Name and address), and the Regis- 
 tration Officer. 
 so on. 
 
 Registrar. 
 No. 6. 
 
 Order on Appeal. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 No. of Appeal, 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the Regis- 
 tration Officer for 
 
 Between 
 A.B. 
 
 of (address) Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 of (taddress] 
 
 and 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents. 
 
 Upon hearing for the Appellant and 
 
 for the Respondent 0. D. and for the Registration 
 
 Officer 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 It is ordered that the decision of the Registration Officer 
 refusing to enter the name of the above-named A. B. 
 on the Register of Parliamentary Electors for the Registration 
 Area of in the Polling District of in the Con- 
 
 stituency of 
 [or (state the decision appealed against} 
 
 be reversed [or varied] and that (state the order made, and 
 the exact alteration or correction to be made in the electors 
 list or register pursuant to the order} 
 
 ? 
 
 And it is ordered that the Appellant be allowed against the 
 Respondent 0. D. , and against the Registration Officer 
 
 or against the Registration Officer] his costs of and incidental 
 to this appeal, which are hereby allowed at the sum of 
 [or to be taxed by the Registrar under Column A. of the higher 
 scale of costs in use in the county courts]; 
 
 And it is ordered that the Respondents or one of them [or 
 the Registration Officer] do pay the said sum of to 
 
 the Registrar for the use of the Appellant on or before the 
 day of , 19 , [or do pay the amount of the said 
 
 costs when taxed to the Registrar for the use of the Appellant 
 within fourteen days from the date of the Registrar's certificate 
 of the result of the taxation]. 
 
 [or It is ordered that the decision of the Registration Officer 
 (state the decision} 
 
 be affirmed; 
 
 And it is ordered that the Respondents 0. D. and the 
 
 Registration Officer [or the Registration Officer] be allowed 
 against the Appellant their [or his] costs of and incidental to 
 this appeal, which are hereby allowed in the case of the Respon- 
 dent 0. D. at the sum of and in the case of the 
 Registration Officer at the sum of [or which are hereby 
 allowed .at the sum of ] [or to be taxed by the Registrar 
 under Column A. of the higher scale of costs in use in the 
 county courts]; 
 
 And it is ordered that the Appellant do pay the said sums of 
 and to the Registrar for the use of the Respon- 
 
 dents respectively [or do pay the said sum of to the 
 
 Registrar for the use of the Registration Officer] on or before 
 the day of ,19 [or do pay the amount [or 
 
 amounts] of the said costs when taxed to the Registrar for the 
 use of the Respondents respectively [or for the use of the Regis- 
 tration Officer] within fourteen days from the date of the 
 Registrar's certificate of the result of the taxation]. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 By the Court, 
 
 Registrar. 
 To (the Appellant and the Respondent, 
 
 naming them} and to the Registration 
 
 Officer for 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 Declaration by Judge that Appeals depending on the same Point 
 or Points of Law ought to be Consolidated. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of 
 the Registration Officer for enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto. 
 
 It appearing to me that the several cases enumerated in the 
 Schedule hereto depend and have been decided by the Regis- 
 tration Officer on the same point or points of law, 
 I declare that such appeals ought to be consolidated. 
 And I select the Appeal No. 
 
 Between 
 A. B. 
 
 of (address] Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 of (address} 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 for hearing in the first instance as a test case. 
 Bated this day of , 19 . 
 
 Judge 
 [or Assistant Judge] . 
 
 Schedule of Appeals. 
 No. Appellant. Respondents. 
 
 | (Name and address] . (Name- <nid nddress\ , and the Regis- 
 
 tration Officer. 
 And\ so on. 
 
 Judge 
 [or Assistant Judge]. 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 Notice of Consolidation of Appeals and Selection of One Appeal 
 for Hearing in the First Instance as a Test Case. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of 
 the Registration Officer for enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE, that it appears to the Judge that the several 
 cases enumerated in the Schedule hereto depend and have been 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 decided by the Registration Officer on the same point or points 
 of law, and the Judge has declared that the appeals ought to be 
 consolidated, and has selected the Appeal No. therein 
 
 Between 
 A.B. 
 
 of (address") Appellant 
 
 and 
 0. D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 for hearing in the first instance as a test case. 
 
 The said appeal will be heard at a Court to be holden at 
 
 on day of , 19 , at the hour of in 
 
 the noon, and all the other appeals enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto have been set down for hearing at the same time 
 
 and place. 
 
 I have therefore to request you to give notice in writing to 
 me, and to the opposite party [or parties], if any, to the appeal 
 [or appeals] to which you are a party, and to the Registration 
 Officer, within three clear days from the date of this notice, 
 either that you consent to be bound by the decision on the 
 selected appeal (without prejudice to your right to appeal to 
 the Court of Appeal), or that you require the appeal [or appeals] 
 [or any and, if so, which of the appeals] to which you are a 
 party to be heard. 
 
 If you are Appellant or Respondent in a number of the said 
 appeals, it will be sufficient for you to send separate notices to 
 the Respondents or Appellants other than the Registration Officer 
 in such appeals, and to send one notice only to me and to the 
 Registration Officer, with a list appended thereto of the appeals 
 to which the notice relates. 
 
 In the case of any appeal in which no notice requiring such 
 appeal to be heard is so sent you will be deemed to consent to 
 be bound by the decision on the selected appeal (without preju- 
 dice to your right to appeal to the Court of Appeal) ; and in any 
 such case, after the selected appeal has been disposed of, an 
 order similar to that made on the selected appeal will be made 
 without further hearing on the appeal [or appeals] in which 
 no notice is so sent: but no costs will be allowed to either side, 
 other than the Court fees and the costs of and incidental to the 
 notice [or notices] of appeal and the request for the entry of 
 such appeal [or appeals] for hearing, and this notice and any 
 notice sent in reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to 
 the order [or orders] made. 
 
 The parties who consent or are to be deemed to consent to be 
 bound by the decision on the selected appeal, and who are in the 
 same interest as the unsuccessful party to such appeal, will be 
 liable for the costs of such appeal in the same manner and to 
 the same extent as the unsuccessful parties to such appeal, 
 and an order directing them to pay such costs may be made and 
 enforced accordingly. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 
 
 If you send notice requiring any appeal to which you are a 
 party to be heard, such appeal will be heard after the selected 
 appeal is disposed of; but you will be liable to pay costs to the 
 opposite party, and will not be entitled to receive any costs of 
 or in such appeal, other than the Court fees and the costs of and 
 incidental to the notice of appeal and the request for the entry 
 of the appeal for hearing, and this notice and any notice sent in 
 reply thereto, and the costs of and incidental to the order, unless 
 the Judge shall otherwise order. 
 
 Bated this day of , 19 . 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 To the parties to the several appeals 
 mentioned in the Schedule hereto, and 
 to the Registration Officer for 
 
 Schedule of Appeals. 
 
 No. 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 (Name and address). 
 (Name and address}. 
 And 
 
 (Name and address), and the Regis- 
 tration Officer. 
 (Name and address), and the Regis- 
 tration Officer). 
 so on. 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 Notice consenting to be bound by Decision on Selected Appeal, 
 or requiring Appeal to be heard. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the 
 Registration Officer for 
 
 No. of appeal. 
 Between 
 E.F. 
 
 (address] Appellant 
 
 and 
 O.K. 
 
 (address] 
 
 and 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents. 
 
 Pursuant to the Notice sent to me by the Registrar, dated 
 the day of , 19 , I hereby give you notice that I 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 consent to be bound in the above-mentioned appeal by the 
 decision of the Court on the selected appeal 
 
 Between 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 and 
 O.D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents,, 
 
 without prejudice to my right to appeal to the Court of Appeal, 
 [or I hereby give you notice that I require the above-men- 
 tioned appeal to which I am a party to be heard after the selected 
 appeal 
 
 Between 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 and 
 O.D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents,, 
 
 has been disposed of.] 
 
 Bated this day of , 19 . 
 
 E. P. Appellant 
 
 [or Gr. H. Respondent.] 
 
 (add address) 
 To the Registrar of the Court 
 
 and to (the Respondent or the Appellant) 
 and to the Registration Officer for 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 Notice to Registrar and Registration Officer consenting to be 
 bound by Decision on Selected Appeal, or requiring Appeals 
 to be heard, where the same Person is Appellant or Respon- 
 dent in a number of Appeals. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several Appeals against the decisions of 
 the Registration Officer for enumerated in the 
 
 Schedule hereto. 
 
 Pursuant to the Notice sent to me by the Registrar, dated the 
 day of , 19 , I hereby give you notice that I con- 
 
 sent to be bound in the several appeals enumerated in the 
 Schedule hereto to which I am a party by the decision of the 
 Court on the selected appeal 
 
 Between 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 without prejudice to my right to appeal to the Court of AppeaL 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 
 
 657 
 
 [or I hereby give you notice that I require the several appeals 
 enumerated in the Schedule hereto to which I am a party to be 
 heard after the selected appeal 
 
 Between 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 has been disposed of.] 
 
 [or I hereby give you notice that I consent to be bound in 
 the several appeals enumerated in the first part of the Schedule 
 hereto to which I am a party by the decision of the Court on 
 the selected appeal 
 
 Between 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 and 
 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 without prejudice to my right to appeal to the Court of Appeal: 
 But that I require the several appeals enumerated in the second 
 part of the Schedule hereto to which I am a party to be heard 
 after the selected appeal has been disposed of.] 
 
 Bated this 
 
 day of 
 
 , 19 . 
 
 E. P. Appellant 
 
 [or G. H. Respondent.] 
 
 (add address] 
 To the Registrar of the Court 
 
 and to the Registration Officer for 
 
 Schedule. 
 PART I. 
 
 Ap-peals in which the Appellant or Respondent consents to be 
 
 bound. 
 
 No. 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 
 
 
 F. 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 PAET II. 
 
 Appeals which the Appellant or Respondent requires to be 
 
 heard. 
 
 No. 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 
 
 
 E. F. 
 
 [or G. H. 
 
 or R. S. 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 Notice of Intention to Appeal to Court of Appeal. 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 No. of appeal, 
 decision of the 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the 
 Registration Officer for 
 
 Between 
 A.B. 
 
 of (address] Appellant 
 
 and 
 C.D. 
 
 of (address} 
 
 and 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE, that I intend to appeal to the Court of Appeal 
 from the decision of the Judge on the hearing of the above- 
 mentioned appeal on the day of , 19 , whereby 
 (state the decision appealed against} 
 The grounds of my appeal are (state grounds} 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B. Appellant. 
 
 or 0. D. Respondent. 
 
 (add address} 
 
 To (the opposite party, if any} and to 
 the Registration Officer for 
 and to the Registrar of the Court. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (FORMS). 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 Statement by Judge that Appeals to the Court of Appeal 
 against Decisions depending upon the same Point or Points 
 of Law ought to be Consolidated. 
 
 In the County Court of held at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 
 No. of appeal, 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an Appeal against the decision of the 
 Registration Officer for 
 
 Between* 
 
 A. B. Appellant 
 
 of (address} 
 
 and 
 O.D. 
 
 of (address) 
 
 and 
 The Registration Officer for , Respondents, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the several other Appeals against the decision 
 of the said Registration Officer referred to by number in 
 the Schedule hereto. 
 
 At a Court held before me at on the day 
 
 of , 19 , A. B. of appealed against the de- 
 
 cision of the Registration Officer for (state the decision appealed 
 against) 
 
 On the hearing of the said appeal I decided (state the 
 decision) 
 
 The questions of law raised on the appeal, and the facts in 
 evidence in relation thereto, and my decision thereon and my 
 decision on the hearing of the appeal, are stated in a note made 
 and signed by me. 
 
 The several persons whose names and qualifications are set 
 out in the Schedule hereto were parties as Appellants [or Re- 
 spondents] to appeals (numbered in the Schedule hereto) from 
 decisions of the Registration Officer given in circumstances 
 similar to those in the case in which the said note was made, 
 and similar decisions were given by me on all the said appeals. 
 
 Due notice of appeal against my decisions was given, and I 
 declared that the appeals in all the said cases ought to be con- 
 solidated!. 
 
 And I name A. B. of to be Appellant [or 0. D. 
 
 of to be Respondent] in the consolidated appeal 
 
 on behalf of himself and all other persons interested in like 
 
 manner who consent to be parties to and to be bound by the 
 
 consolidated appeal. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 Judge 
 [or Assistant Judge]. 
 
 42 (2) 
 
660 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 Declaration to be Signed by Person named as Appellant. 
 
 I, A. B. of , hereby declare that I appeal against 
 
 the decisions of the County Court in the above mentioned cases 
 on behalf of myself and all other persons interested as Appel- 
 lants whose names and qualifications are hereunder written in 
 the Schedule hereto, and I agree to prosecute the consolidated 
 appeal. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B. Appellant. 
 
 (add address) 
 
 Declaration to be Signed by Person named as Respondent. 
 
 I, 0. D. of , on behalf of myself and all the other 
 
 persons interested as Eespondents in the appeals in the above 
 mentioned cases whose names and qualifications are hereunder 
 written in the Schedule hereto, do agree to appear and answer 
 the consolidated appeal. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 0. D. Kespondent. 
 
 (add address) 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 List of Appeals. 
 
 BART I. 
 
 Names and Qualifications of Persons interested as Appellants, 
 who consent to be parties to and to be bound by the Con- 
 solidated Appeal. 
 
 No. of Appeal. 
 
 Name and Qualification. 
 
 A.B. 
 
COUNTY COURT .RULES (FORMS). 
 
 601 
 
 PABT II. 
 
 Names and Qualifications of Persons interested as Respondents., 
 who consent to be parties to and to be bound by the Con- 
 solidated Appeal. 
 
 No. of Appeal. 
 
 Name and Qualification. 
 
 O.D. 
 
 No. 13: 
 
 Register of Appeals. 
 
 Register of Appeals from Registration Officers under the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918, Section 14. 
 
 3* 
 ll 
 
 38 
 
 Appearance. 
 
 Appellant. 
 
 Respon- 
 dents. 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 THE COUNTY COUKT KULES, 1918 (No. 2), 
 DATED 18TH JUNE, 1918. 
 
 OEDEE I. 
 COURT AND OFFICES. 
 
 The following Eule shall stand as Order I., Eule 2a, of the 
 County Court Eules, 1903, viz.: 
 
 1. Fixing of courts, &c., to fit in with hearing of registration 
 appeals. To enable the judges to make arrangements for the 
 hearing of appeals from registration officers under section 14 of 
 the Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918, the following pro- 
 visions shall have effect until the expiration of the time required 
 for hearing appeals relating to the spring register in the year 
 nineteen hundred and nineteen, viz.: 
 
 (1) Notice of any day or hour appointed for the holding of 
 
 any court for the transaction of the ordinary business 
 of the court may be affixed under Eule 1 of this Order 
 at any time not less than six weeks before the day or 
 hour so appointed: 
 
 (2) Two courts for the transaction of such business may be 
 
 held on one day before the same judge, or before any 
 assistant judge appointed under section 14 of the said 
 Act, without the consent of the Lord Chancellor. 
 
 OEDEE VII. 
 
 PLAINT NOTE AND SUMMONS. 
 Summons on Plaint. 
 
 2. The following paragraph shall stand as paragraph 2 of 
 Order VII., Eule 1, viz.: 
 
 (2) The words " [or, if the claim exceeds 50, ten clear days] " 
 shall be omitted from paragraph 5 of the indorsement on 
 Form 23. 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (NO. 2\ 663 
 
 OEDEE XXIlA. 
 THE COUNTY COURTS ACT, 1903. 
 
 [3 Edw. 7, c. 42.] 
 General Provisions as to Procedure. 
 
 3. The words " Eules 2 to 19 " shall be substituted for the 
 words " Eules 2 to 20 " in Order XXIlA., Eule 1. 
 
 OEDEE XXV. 
 ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS AND ORDERS. 
 
 The following Eule shall stand as Order XXV., Eule 20a, 
 viz. : 
 
 4. Receipt for money paid to bailiff under process, and copy 
 (Form 166). Whenever any money is levied or paid to a bailiff 
 under any execution or other process, the bailiff shall give a 
 receipt for the same, and retain a carbon copy of such receipt, 
 according to the form in the Appendix, which is hereby sub- 
 stituted for Form 166. 
 
 OEDEE XLIIL 
 TAXATION OF CHARGES OF EETURNING OFFICERS. 
 
 The following Eules shall stand as Order XLIIL, Eules 9 to 
 19, viz.: 
 
 THE EEPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 Taxation of Accounts and Examination of Claims under the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918, Section 29. 
 
 5. Taxation of accounts or examination of claims under 7 & 8 
 Geo. 5, c. 64, s. 29. The foregoing Eules of this Order shall not 
 apply to the taxation of accounts of returning officers or the 
 examination of claims against returning officers under section 29 
 of the Eepresentation of the People Act, 1918, but such taxa- 
 tion or examination shall be regulated by the following Eules. 
 
 6. Application for taxation. An application by the Treasury 
 to the court for the taxation of the accounts of a returning officer 
 under the said section shall be made in writing addressed to 
 the registrar at his office. 
 
 7. Notice of time and place for taxation. On receipt of the 
 application the court shall fix a place and time for proceeding 
 with such taxation, and the registrar shall issue to the bailiff for 
 
664 APPENDIX II. 
 
 service on the Treasury and the returning officer notices, signed 
 by the registrar and under the seal of the court, stating the place, 
 day and hour at and on which the taxation will be proceeded 
 with, and requiring the parties to attend and produce documents 
 and be examined, and warning them that if they do not attend in 
 person or by their solicitors such proceedings will be taken and 
 certificate given as to the court shall seem just. 
 
 8. Application for examination of claim against returning 
 officer. Where application is made for the taxation of a return- 
 ing officer's account, and such officer applies to the court to 
 examine any claim made by any person against him in respect of 
 matters charged in the account, such application shall be made in 
 writing addressed to the registrar at his office, and shall contain 
 a submission on the part of the applicant to pay what shall be 
 found due on examination. 
 
 9. Notice of time and place for examination. On receipt of 
 any such application the court shall fix a place and time for 
 such examination, which shall take place before the taxation of 
 the returning officer's account is concluded, and such taxation 
 shall if necessary be adjourned until such examination has been 
 completed. The registrar shall issue to the bailiff for service 
 on the returning officer and the person making the claim notices, 
 signed by the registrar and under the seal of the court, stating 
 the place, day and hour at and on which such examination will 
 be proceeded with, and requiring the parties to attend and pro- 
 duce documents and be examined, and warning them that if they 
 do not attend in person or by their solicitors such proceedings 
 will be taken and order made as to the court shall seem just. 
 
 10. Service of notices. (1) The bailiff shall serve all such 
 notices as hereinbefore mentioned ten clear days at least before 
 the day fixed for any taxation or examination unless the court 
 gives leave for shorter service. 
 
 (2) Service may be effected in accordance with Order LIV., 
 Rules 2 and 3. 
 
 (3) Where any notice is to be served on the Treasury, it may 
 be served on the Permanent Secretary or the Solicitor to the 
 Treasury. 
 
 11. Evidence to be oral. Unless by consent, or otherwise 
 ordered, oral evidence only shall be admitted on any taxation or 
 examination. 
 
 12. Certificate on taxation. (1) On the hearing of an applica- 
 tion for taxation, or at any adjournment thereof, the court shall 
 determine the amount payable to the returning officer, and shall 
 specify the amount in a certificate, which shall be signed in 
 duplicate and sent by post k> the parties: but no order directing 
 payment shall be inserted in the certificate except in the case 
 mentioned in paragraph 3 of this Rule. 
 
 (2) Fees and costs. The court may determine by whom the 
 court fees are to be paid, and may order either party to pay such 
 sum as the court may consider proper by way of costs to the 
 other party, and the amount allowed in respect thereof shall be 
 
COUNTY COURT RULES (NO. 2). 665 
 
 added to or deducted from the amount payable to the returning 
 officer, and the amount to be included in the certificate shall be 
 adjusted accordingly. 
 
 (3) Order for payment where balance due from returning 
 officer. If the court orders any sum to be paid by way of fees 
 and costs to the Treasury, and such sum exceeds the amount cer- 
 tified to be payable by the Treasury to the returning officer, or if 
 the amount already advanced by the Treasury to the returning 
 officer on account of his charges exceeds the amount certified to 
 be payable to him, the court shall certify the amount of the 
 excess, and shall order the amount so certified to be paid to the 
 Treasury, and the order shall be enforceable in like manner as a 
 judgment of the court. 
 
 13. Order on examination of claim. On the hearing of an 
 application for the examination of a claim, or at any adjournment 
 thereof, the court may allow or disallow or reduce the claim, 
 and may determine by whom the court fees are to be paid, and 
 may order either party to pay such sum as the court may con- 
 sider proper by way of costs to the other party, and may give 
 directions as to the addition to the sum allowed to the claimant 
 of any costs ordered to be paid to him, or the set off against 
 such sum of any fees and costs ordered to be paid by him, and 
 -as to the payment of the balance ascertained to be due from either 
 party to the other. 
 
 14. Forms 423, 424, 425A, 426 428. Forms 423, 424, 
 426, 427 and 428 in the Appendix, entitled in the Matter of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918, and of the election in 
 question, and with the necessary modifications, may be used 
 for applications for taxation of accounts or examination of claims, 
 notices of time and place fixed for taxation or examination, and 
 orders on examination of claims under these Rules; and 
 Form 425A in the Appendix, with the necessary modifications, 
 may be used for certificates on taxation. 
 
 15. Fees. The fees payable under the Treasury Order regu- 
 lating Fees in the County Courts for taxation of accounts and 
 examination of claims under Rules 1 to 8 of this Order shall 
 apply to taxations and examinations under these Rules, 
 with the following modification, that where a notice is served 
 "by the high bailiff by post the fee for such service shall be 
 fid. only. 
 
 ORDER LIII. 
 
 COSTS AND ALLOWANCES TO WITNESSES. 
 The following Rule shall stand as Order LIII., Rule 50, viz.: 
 Increase of Costs during Continuance of War. 
 
 16. Increase of costs during war. (1) During the continua- 
 tion of the present war, and thereafter until such date as the 
 Lord Chancellor shall appoint, the total of any items of costs (as 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 distinct from payments) in respect of business done after the 
 thirtieth day of April nineteen hundred and eighteen in any 
 action or matter commenced in or remitted to a county court, 
 or in proceedings under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1906, 
 shall where costs are payable under Column B or Column C of 
 the higher scale be increased by 20 per centum, and such increase 
 shall be allowed upon any taxation or assessments of costs in 
 respect of any such business ,as well as between party and. 
 party as between solicitor and client. 
 
 (2) Provided that this Rule shall not affect any power to direct 
 payment of a fixed or gross sum in respect or in lieu of costs. 
 
 (3) Provided also that where any items of costs are increased 
 under Rule 8 of this Order, or costs are allowed on any scale 
 higher than that which, would otherwise be applicable, the increase 
 authorised by this rule shall not be allowed in respect of such 
 items or in respect of costs allowed on such higher scale, unless 
 the judge otherwise orders. 
 
 (4) Provided also that this Rule shall not apply to bills of costs 
 which have at the date when this Rule comes into operation 
 already been delivered to the client sought to be charged there- 
 with or to the person chargeable therewith or liable therefor, or to 
 bills already taxed and certified or allowed. 
 
 (5) The increase hereby authorised shall not affect the question 
 whether a bill of costs when taxed is or is not less by one sixth 
 part than the bill delivered, sent, or left. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 166 instead of 166. 
 
 RECEIPT FOR MONEY LEVIED OR PAID UNDER PROCESS. 
 
 No. 
 
 County Court. 
 No. of Plaint . No. of Execution or other Process 
 
 v. 
 
 Received the day of of the above named 
 
 the sum of pounds shillings and pence: 
 
 On account of 
 
 Debt and costs : : 
 
 Possession fees .. 
 
 Total 
 
 Bailiff. 
 
 N.B. This form to be printed and numbered in duplicate 
 on thin paper, 6 inches long by 4 inches deep, and bound up in 
 books, 50 duplicates in each book. 
 
 Dated the day of ,1918. 
 
COUNTY COURT KULES (No. 2). 667 
 
 425A. 
 
 CERTIFICATE ON TAXATION UNDER THE EEPRESENTATION OF THE 
 PEOPLE ACT, SECTION 29. 
 
 '[Not to be printed, but to be used as a precedent.] 
 
 In the County Court of liolden at 
 
 In the Matter of the Representation of the People Act, 1918, 
 Section 29, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of an. Election of a Member to serve in Parlia- 
 ment for the Division of the County of 
 [or as the case may be]. 
 
 On the application of the Treasury for the taxation 
 
 of the account of the charges of the returning officer 
 
 at the above-mentioned election in respect of such election, 
 
 The Court doth determine that the amount payable to the said 
 in respect of such charges is the sum of , and 
 
 doth certify the same accordingly: 
 
 And the Court doth further determine that the Court fees 
 payable on this application, amounting to , are to be 
 
 paid by : 
 
 And doth further order that do pay to the sum 
 
 of by way of costs in respect of this application: 
 
 And the Court doth certify that the amount payable to the 
 said , including the costs payable to him as aforesaid 
 
 [or after deducting the fees and costs payable by him as afore- 
 said] is the sum of 
 
 [#/, if the balance, after adjusting the fees and costs, and 
 giving credit for any amount already advanced on account of 
 his charges, is against the returning officer, 
 
 And the Court doth certify that the balance due from the 
 said after crediting him with the amount payable to him 
 
 in respect of his charges and debiting him with the amount 
 payable by him for Court fees and costs and the amount already 
 advanced to him on account of his charges, is the sum of ; 
 
 And doth order that the said do on or before the 
 
 day of , 19 , pay the said sum of to the registrar 
 
 of this Court for the use of the Treasury.] 
 
 Given under the seal of the Court this day of , 
 
 19 . 
 
 By the Court, 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 To the Treasury 
 
 and to 
 [The Returning Officer]. 
 
#68 APPENDIX II. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Rule 1 enables the judges to fix courts for the transaction, 
 of ordinary business so as to fit in with the arrangements which 
 must be made by them for the hearing of appeals from regis- 
 tration officers under the Representation of the People Act, 1918. 
 The Majority of these appeals will probably come in for hear- 
 ing about the same time; and as it will be necessary that they 
 should be dealt with as soon as possible, the judges will have to 
 make arrangements accordingly. The Rule accordingly pro- 
 vides that instead of being required to fix courts for ordinary 
 business 3 months beforehand, as required by the pre- 
 sent Rule, they may delay the fixing of such courts until 
 they know approximately what time will be required for 
 the hearing of appeals, and to give 6 weeks notice only of the 
 times fixed for such courts; and further that in country dis- 
 tricts where the ordinary business is not likely to require a 
 full day they may fix two courts to be held on the same day, 
 so as to allow more free days for the hearing of appeals. 
 
 Rule 2. The words omitted from Form 23 were inserted by 
 the Rules of 1914. This was done per incuriam, as Order XXIlA., 
 Rule 10, altering the time for filing notice of defence, &c., in 
 actions under the extended jurisdiction con'ferre'd by the Act of 
 1903, applies only to ordinary and not to default summonses; 
 see Order XXIlA., Rule 1. 
 
 Rule 3 corrects a clerical error in Order XXIlA., Rule 1. 
 
 Rule 4 provides a new form of receipt to be given by a bailiff 
 for money paid under process, and for a carbon copy being 
 kept, as suggested by the Treasury. 
 
 Rules 5 to 15 are based on the existing Rules as to the taxation 
 of the accounts of returning officers, which are still in force 
 as to elections other than parliamentary elections. The only 
 substantial difference is that as the expenses are to be paid 
 by the Treasury a certificate of the amount found to be payable 
 is substituted for an order for payment, as in the case of deter- 
 mination by the county court of a difference as to the amount 
 to be paid for carriages, etc., requisitioned under sect. 115 of 
 of the Army Act, 1881. 
 
 Rule 16 provides for the increase of costs during the war, 
 following the Rule recently made for the Supreme Court. 
 
REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918. 869 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918 (BEISG 
 RULES OF THK SUPREME COURT AS TO APPEALS TO 
 THE COURT OF APPEAL FROM THE COUNTY COURTS 
 
 UNDER THK REPRESENTATION OK THE PEOPLE AtT, 
 
 1918, sKirr. 14 ( y ). 
 
 [NOTE. The following- Rule shall stand as Rule 21 of 
 Oder LVIII. of the Rules of the Supreme Court, 1883.] 
 
 21. Registration appeals. The following provisions shall apply 
 to appeals to the Court of Appeal from decisions of the county 
 courts on points of law on the hearing of appeals from regis- 
 tration officers under the Representation of the People Act, 1918. 
 section 14 (a). 
 
 (1) A person desiring to appeal to the Court of Appeal against 
 the decision of the county court on any appeal shall give notice 
 of his intention to appeal to the registrar of the county court and 
 to the registration officer and to the opposite party, if any, within 
 such time and in such form as may be prescribed by County 
 Court Eules. 
 
 (2) In any such case the party, if any, in whose favour the 
 decision is given shall be the respondent: and the registration 
 officer also shall be named as respondent to the appeal. 
 
 (3) Every such appeal shall be by notice of motion in accor- 
 dance with Order LIX., Eule 10; and such notice of motion shall 
 be served and the appeal set down under Order LVIII., Eule 8, 
 within the time limited by Order LIX., Eule 12. 
 
 (4) It shall be the duty of the party appealing to apply to the 
 judge or assistant judge of the county court for a signed copy 
 of the note made by him of any point of law raised before him, 
 and of the facts in evidence in relation thereto, and of his 
 decision thereon, and of his decision on the hearing of the appeal, 
 and to furnish such copy, and two additional unsigned copies 
 thereof, for the use of the Court of Appeal ; and such signed copy 
 shall be used and received at the hearing of the appeal. If such 
 note is not produced the Court of Appeal shall have power to 
 apply to the judge or assistant judge to furnish such a note, or to 
 hear and determine the appeal upon any other evidence or state- 
 ment of what occurred before the county court which the Court 
 of Appeal may deem sufficient. 
 
 (5) If the Court of Appeal is of opinion that the statement 
 in the note is not sufficient to enable the Court to give judgment 
 in law, the Court may remit the matter to the judge or assistant 
 judge in order that the note may be more fully stated. 
 
 (a] See pp. 134137, supra. 
 
670 APPENDIX II. 
 
 (6) No appeal shall bo allowed upon any question of fact only, 
 or upon the admissibility or effect of any evidence or admission 
 adduced or made in any case to establish any matter of fact only. 
 
 (7) The Court shall have power to extend the time for appeal- 
 ing, or to amend the grounds of appeal, or rescind or vary any 
 declaration as to consolidation of appeals made by the judge 
 or assistant judge of the county court, or to make any other 
 order on such terms as the Court shall think just to ensure the 
 determination on the merits of the real question in controversy 
 between the parties. 
 
 (8) Where it appears to the judge or assistant judge that the 
 validity of any number of decisions given by the county court 
 depends upon the same point or points of law, and the parties 
 or any of them have given notice to the county court of their 
 intention to appeal to the Court of Appeal, the judge or assistant 
 judge may, in such manner as may be prescribed by County 
 Court Rules, declare that the appeals to the Court of Appeal 
 ought to be consolidated, and may name any person interested 
 and consenting to be appellant or respondent in the consolidated 
 appeal on behalf of himself and all other persons interested in 
 like manner in the appeals who consent to be parties to and to 
 be bound by the consolidated appeal; and the registration officer 
 shall also be named as a respondent to the consolidated appeal. 
 
 (9) With regard to consolidated appeals the like proceedings 
 shall be had and taken and the like rules and regulations shall 
 apply as in the case of any other appeal; and every order, judg- 
 ment or decision of the Court of Appeal shall be equally valid and 
 effectual and binding and conclusive on all the parties named in 
 or referred to as parties to such consolidated appeals. 
 
 (10) Where appeals are consolidated, if the consolidated appeal 
 is not duly prosecuted or answered, the Court of Appeal may give 
 to any party or parties interested in such appeal, upon his or 
 their application, the conduct and direction of the appeal or of 
 the answer thereto, instead of or in addition to any person 
 originally named in that behalf, in such manner and on such 
 terms as the Court may think fit, or may make such other order 
 in the case as may seem just. 
 
 (11) Every party to a consolidated appeal shall be liable for the 
 costs of the appeal in the same manner and to the same extent 
 as the person named as appellant or respondent in such appeal. 
 
 (12) If where appeals are consolidated any party interested 
 in any such appeal refuses to be a party to and to be bound by 
 the consolidated appeal; the appeal in which such party is 
 interested may proceed separately; but such party shall not be 
 entitled to receive any costs of or in such appeal, unless the 
 Court of Appeal shall otherwise order. 
 
 (13) Arrangements shall be made for hearing any appeals 
 without delay, and as far as possible continuously. 
 
 (14) Subject to the foregoing provisions the rules for the time 
 being in force with respect to appeals from the High Court to the 
 Court of Appeal shall, so far as practicable, apply to and govern 
 appeals under this rule to the Court of Appeal. 
 
 (15) Except as in this rule otherwise provided, the costs of any 
 appeal shall be in the discretion of the Court of Appeal. 
 
REGISTRATION APPEALS RULE, 1918. 6 ~1 
 
 Such costs may, if the appeal is successful, be ordered to be 
 paid by the registration officer named as respondent to the 
 appeal, whether he shall or shall not appear in support of the 
 decision of the county court. 
 
 Where any person other than the registration officer is 
 respondent to an appeal he shall not be liable or entitled to 
 costs unless he appears in support of the decision of the county 
 court. 
 
 (16) Notice of the decision of the Court of Appeal on any 
 appeal shall be given by the proper officer of the Court of Appeal 
 to the registration officer, specifying exactly every alteration or 
 correction to be made on the register in pursuance of the decision: 
 and a copy thereof shall be sent to the registrar of the county 
 court. 
 
 19 
 
 (17) This Rule may be cited as the Registration Appeals Rule, 
 18. 
 
672 APPENDIX III. 
 
 APPENDIX 111. 
 STATUTES. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 The Ballot Act (35 & 36 Viet. c. 33) 672 
 
 The Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act, 1875 
 (38 & 39 Viet. c. 84) 700 
 
 The Parliamentary Elections Eeturning Officers Expenses 
 Scotland) Act, 1878 (41 & 42 Viet. c. 42) 708 
 
 The Parliamentary Elections and Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1880(43 Viet. c. 18) 708 
 
 The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 
 (46&47 Viet. c. 51) 710 
 
 The Local Government Elections Act, 1896 (59 Viet. c. 1)... 717 
 
 BALLOT ACT, 1872 (35 & 36 VICT. c. 33) (a). 
 
 An Act to .amend the Law relating to Procedure at Parliamentary 
 and Municipal Elections. [18th July, 1872.] 
 
 [Preamble. ~\ 
 
 PART I. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. 
 Procedure at Elections. 
 
 1. Nomination of candidates -for parliamentary elections. A 
 candidate for election to serve in Parliament for a county or 
 borough shall be nominated in writing. The writing shall be 
 subscribed by two registered electors of such county or borough 
 as proposer and seconder, and by eight other registered electors 
 
 (a) The Ballot Act, 1872, is made permanent by sect. 35 of the 
 Representation of the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 673 
 
 of the same county or borough as assenting to the nomination, 
 and shall be delivered during the time appointed for the election 
 to the returning officer by the candidate himself, or his proposer 
 or seconder. 
 
 If at the expiration of one hour after the time appointed for the 
 election no more candidates stand nominated than there are 
 vacancies to be filled up, the returning officer shall forthwith 
 declare the candidates who may stand nominated to be elected, 
 and return their names to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery; 
 but if at the expiration of such, hour more candidates stand 
 nominated than there are vacancies to be filled up, the returning 
 officer shall adjourn the election and shall take a poll in manner 
 in this Act mentioned. 
 
 A candidate may, during the time appointed for the election, 
 but not afterwards, withdraw from his candidature by giving a 
 notice to that effect, signed by him, to the returning officer: 
 Provided that the proposer of a candidate nominated in his 
 absence out of the United Kingdom may withdraw such candidate 
 by a written notice signed by him and delivered to the returning 
 officer, together with a written declaration of such absence of 
 the candidate. 
 
 If after the adjournment of an election by the returning officer 
 for the purpose of taking a poll one of the candidates nominated 
 shall die before the poll has commenced, the returning officer 
 shall, upon being satisfied of the fact of such death, countermand 
 notice of the poll, and all the proceedings with reference to the 
 election shall be commenced afresh in all respects as if the writ 
 had been received by the returning officer on the day on which 
 proof was given to him of such death; provided that no fresh 
 nomination shall be necessary in the case of a candidate who stood 
 nominated at the time of the countermand of the poll (6). 
 
 2. Poll at elections, In the case of a poll at an election the 
 votes shall be given by ballot. The ballot of each voter shall 
 consist of a paper (in this Act called a ballot paper) showing the 
 names and description of the candidates. Each ballot paper shall 
 have a number printed on the back, and shall have attached a 
 counterfoil with the same number printed on the face. At the 
 time of voting, the ballot paper shall be marked on both sides 
 with an official mark, and delivered to the voter within the 
 polling station, and the number of such voter on the register 
 of voters shall be marked on the counterfoil, and the voter having 
 secretly marked his vote on the paper, and folded it up so as to 
 conceal his vote, shall place it in a closed box in the presence 
 of the officer presiding at the polling station (in this Act called 
 " the presiding officer ") after having shown to him the official 
 mark at the back. 
 
 Any ballot paper which has not on its back the official mark, 
 or on which votes are given to more candidates than the voter 
 is entitled to vote for, or on which anything, except the said 
 number on the back, is written or marked by which the voter can 
 be identified, shall be void and not counted. 
 
 (b] See sect, 21 (4) (a\ p. 162, supra. 
 
 F. 43 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 After the close of the poll the ballot boxes shall be sealed up, 
 so as to prevent the introduction of additional ballot papers, and 
 shall be taken charge of by the returning officer, and that officer 
 shall, in the presence of such agents, if any, of the candidates as 
 may be in attendance, open the ballot boxes, and ascertain the 
 result of the poll by counting the votes given to each candidate, 
 and shall forthwith declare to be elected the candidates or can- 
 didate to whom the majority of votes have been given, and 
 return their names to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery. The 
 decision of the returning officer as to any question arising in 
 respect of any ballot paper shall be final, subject to reversal on 
 petition questioning the election or return. 
 
 Where an equality of votes is found to exist between any 
 candidates at an election for a county or borough, and the .addition 
 of a vote would entitle any of such candidates to be declared 
 elected, the returning officer, if a registered elector of such 
 county or ^borough, may give such additional vote, but shall 
 not in any other case be entitled to vote at an election for which 
 he is returning officer (c). 
 
 Offences at Elections. 
 
 3. Offences in respect of nomination papers, ballot papers, 
 and ballot boxes (d}. 
 
 4. Infringement of secrecy (e). 
 
 Amendment of Law. 
 
 5. Division of counties and boroughs into polling districts (/). 
 
 6. Use of school and public room for poll. The returning 
 officer at a parliamentary election may u^e, free of charge, for 
 the purpose of taking the poll at such election, any room in a 
 school receiving a grant out of moneys provided by Parliament, 
 and any room the expense of maintaining which is payable out 
 of any local rate, but he shall make good any damage done to 
 such room, and defray any expense incurred by the person or 
 body of persons, corporate or unincorporate, having control over 
 the same on account of its being used for the purpose of taking 
 the poll as aforesaid. 
 
 The use of any room in an unoccupied house for the purpose 
 of taking the poll shall not render any person liable to be rated 
 or to pay any rate for such house. 
 
 7. Collusiveness of register of voters. At any election for 
 a Bounty or borough, a person shall not be entitled "to vote unless 
 his name is on the register of voters for the time being in force 
 for such county or borough, and every person whose name is on 
 such register shall be entitled to demand and receive a ballot 
 paper and to vote: Provided that nothing in this section shall 
 
 (c) See sect. 22 (1) (c), p. 165, supra. 
 
 (d) See pp. 285, 286, supra. 
 
 (e) For the provisions of this section, see pp. 286, 287, supra. 
 
 (/) Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396. supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 675 
 
 entitle any person to vote who is prohibited from voting by 
 statute, or by the common law of Parliament, or relieve such 
 person from any penalties to which he may be liable for voting. 
 
 Duties of Returning and Election Officers. 
 
 8. General powers and duties of returning officer. Subject 
 to the provisions of this Act, every returning officer shall provide 
 such nomination papers, polling stations, ballot boxes, ballot 
 papers, stamping instruments, copies of register of voters, and 
 other things, appoint and pay such officers, and do such other 
 acts and things as may be necessary for effectually conducting an 
 election in manner provided by this Act. 
 
 \_Here follow words repealed by present Act(f).\ 
 Where the sheriff is returning officer for more than one county 
 as defined for the purposes of parliamentary elections, he may, 
 without prejudice to any other power, by writing under his 
 hand, appoint a fit person to be his deputy for all or any of the 
 purposes relating to an election in any such county, and may, by 
 himself or such deputy, exercise any powers and do any things 
 which the returning officer is authorised or required to exercise 
 or do in relation to such election, Every such deputy, and also 
 any under sheriff, shall, in so far as he acts as returning officer, 
 be deemed to be included in the term returning officer in the 
 provisions of this Act relating to parliamentary elections, and 
 the enactments with which this part of this Act is to be construed 
 as one (g). 
 
 9. Keeping of order in station. If any person misconducts 
 himself in the polling station, or fails to obey the lawful orders 
 of the presiding officer, he may immediately, by order of the pre- 
 siding officer, be removed from the polling station by any 
 constable in or near that station, or any other person authorised 
 in writing by the returning officer to remove him; and the person 
 so removed shall not, unless with the permission of the presiding 
 officer, again be .allowed to enter the polling station during the 
 day. 
 
 Any person so removed as aforesaid, if charged with the com- 
 mission in such station of any offence, may be kept in custody 
 until he can be brought before a justice of the peace. 
 
 Provided that the powers conferred by this section shall not be 
 exercised so as to prevent any elector who is otherwise entitled 
 to vote at any polling station from having an opportunity of 
 voting at such station. 
 
 10. Powers of presiding officer and administration of 
 oaths, &c. For the purpose of the adjournment of the poll, and 
 of every other enactment relating to the poll, a presiding officer 
 shall have the power by law belonging to a deputy returning 
 officer; and any presiding officer and any clerk appointed by the 
 
 (/) See sect. 47 (1), p. 337, supra, aud p. 396, supra. 
 
 (g} The words in sect. 8 beginning ' ' Where the sheriff ' ' to the end of 
 the section are repealed (except as respects Scotland and Ireland) by 
 seat. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, supra. 
 
 43(2) 
 
676 APPENDIX III. 
 
 returning officer to attend at a polling station shall have the 
 power of asking the questions and administering the oath autho- 
 rised by law to be asked of and administered to voters, and any 
 justice of the peace and any returning officer may take and 
 receive any declaration authorised by this Act to be taken before 
 him. 
 
 11. Liability of officers for misconduct. Every returning 
 officer, presiding officer, and clerk who is guilty of any wilful 
 misfeasance or any wilful act or omission in contravention of 
 this Act shall, in addition to any other penalty or liability to 
 which he may be subject, forfeit to any person aggrieved by such 
 misfeasance, act, or omission a penal sum not exceeding one 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 Section fifty of the Representation of the People Act, 1867, 
 (which relates to the acting of any returning officer, or his partner 
 or clerk, as agent for a candidate,) shall apply to any returning 
 officer or officer appointed by him in pursuance of this Act, and 
 to his partner or clerk. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 12. Prohibition of disclosure of vote. No person who has voted 
 at an election shall, in any legal proceeding to question the 
 election or return, be required to state for whom he has voted. 
 
 13. Non-compliance with rules. No election shall be declared 
 invalid by reason of a non-compliance with the rules contained 
 in the First Schedule to this Act, or any mistake in the use of the 
 forms in the Second Schedule to this Act, if it appears to the 
 tribunal haying cognizance of the question that the election was 
 conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the 
 body of this Act, and that such non-compliance or mistake did 
 not affect the result of the election. 
 
 14. Use of municipal ballot boxes, &c. for parliamentary elec- 
 tion, and vice versa. Where a parliamentary borough and muni- 
 cipal borough occupy the whole or any part of the same area, any 
 ballot boxes or fittings for polling stations and compartments 
 provided for such parliamentary borough or such municipal 
 borough may be used in any municipal or parliamentary elec- 
 tion in such borough free of charge, and any damage other than 
 reasonable wear and tear caused to the same shall be paid as part 
 of the expenses of the election at which they are so used. 
 
 15. Construction of Act. This part of this Act shall, so far 
 as is consistent with the tenor thereof, be construed as one with 
 the enactments for the time being in force relating to the repre- 
 sentation of the people, and to the registration of persons entitled 
 to vote at the election of members to serve in Parliament, and 
 with any enactments otherwise relating to the subject matter oi 
 this part of this Act, and terms used in this part of this Act shall 
 have the same meaning as in the said enactments; and in con- 
 struing the said enactments relating to an election or to the poll or 
 taking the votes by poll, the mode of election and of taking the 
 poll established by this Act shall for the purposes of the said' 
 enactments be deemed to be substituted for the mode of election 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 677 
 
 or poll, or taking the votes by poll, referred to in the said enact- 
 ments; iand any person applying for a ballot paper under this 
 Act shall be deemed " to tender his vote," or " to assume to vote," 
 within the meaning of the said enactments; and any application 
 for a ballot paper under this Act, or expressions relative thereto 
 shall be equivalent to " voting " in the said enactments and any 
 expressions relative thereto; and the term "polling booth" as 
 used in the said enactments shall be deemed to include a polling 
 station; and the term " proclamation " as used in the said enact- 
 ments shall be deemed to include a public notice given in 
 pursuance of this Act. 
 
 Application of Part of Act to Scotland. 
 
 16. Alterations for application of Part 1. to Scotland. This 
 part of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following 
 provisions: 
 
 (1) The expression " crime and offence " shall be equivalent 
 
 to the expression " misdemeanor," and shall be sub- 
 stituted therefor: 
 
 (2) All offences under this Act for which any person may be 
 
 punished on summary conviction shall be prosecuted 
 before the sheriff under the provisions of " The Sum- 
 mary Procedure Act, 1864"; and all jurisdictions, 
 powers, and authorities necessary for that purpose are 
 hereby conferred on sheriffs: 
 
 The expression "sheriff" shall include sheriff substitute: 
 The provisions of this Act relating to the division of 
 counties and boroughs into polling districts shall not 
 apply to Scotland: 
 
 (5) [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 
 396, supra. ~\ 
 
 Application of Part of Act to Ireland. 
 
 17. Alterations for application of Part I. to Ireland. This 
 part of this Act shall apply to Ireland, subject to the following 
 modifications : 
 
 (1) The expression " Clerk of the Crown in Chancery " shall 
 
 mean the Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper in Ireland: 
 
 (2) The preceding provisions of this part of this Act with 
 
 respect to the division of counties and boroughs into 
 polling districts shall not extend to Ireland: 
 
 (3) In the construction of the preceding provisions of this 
 
 part of this Act as applying to Ireland, section thirteen 
 of " The Representation of the People (Ireland) Act, 
 1868," shall be substituted for section fifty of " The 
 Representation of the People Act, 1867," wherever in 
 such provisions the said last-mentioned section occurs. 
 The provision contained in the sixth section of this 
 Act providing for the use of school rooms free of charge, 
 for the purpose of taking the poll at elections, shall not 
 apply to any school adjoining or adjacent to any church 
 or other place of worship, nor to any school connected 
 with a nunnery or other religious establishment: 
 
678 APPENDIX III. 
 
 (4) [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 
 396, supra. ] 
 
 18. Provisions as to polling districts and polling places in 
 Ireland. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See 
 pp. 337, 396, supra.] 
 
 19. Amendment of law as to voting in certain boroughs. 
 [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act. See pp. 337, 396, 
 supra.'] 
 
 PART II. 
 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS (&). 
 
 20. Application to municipal election of enactments relating 
 to the p'oll at parliamentary elections. The poll at every con- 
 tested municipal election shall, so far as circumstances admit, 
 be conducted in the manner in which the poll is by this Act 
 directed to be conducted at a contested parliamentary election, 
 and, subject to the modifications expressed in the schedules ' 
 annexed hereto, such provisions of this Act and of the said 
 schedules as relate to or are concerned with a poll at a parlia- 
 mentary election shall apply to a poll at a contested municipal 
 election: Provided as follows: 
 
 (1) The term " returning officer " shall mean the mayor or 
 
 other officer who, under the law relating to municipal 
 elections, presides at such elections: 
 
 (2) The term '* petition questioning the election or return " 
 
 shall mean any proceeding in which a municipal election 
 can be questioned: 
 
 (3) The mayor shall provide everything which in the case of 
 
 a parliamentary election is required to be provided by 
 the returning officer for the purpose of a poll: 
 
 (4) All expenses shall be defrayed in manner provided by law 
 
 with respect to the expenses of a municipal election : 
 
 (5) No return shall be made to the Clerk of the Crown in 
 
 Chancery: 
 
 (6) Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to authorise the 
 
 appointment of any agents of a candidate in a municipal 
 election, but if in the case of a municipal election any 
 agent of a candidate is appointed, and a notice in writing 
 of such appointment is given to the returning officer, 
 the provisions of this Act with respect to agents of 
 candidates shall, so far as respects such agent, apply 
 in the case of that election: 
 
 (7) The provisions of this Act with respect to 
 
 (a) The voting of a returning officer; and 
 
 (b) The use of a room for taking a poll; and 
 
 (c) The right to vote of persons whose names are on 
 
 the register of voters; 
 shall not apply in the case of a municipal election. 
 
 (A-) Sects. 20 and 21 are repealed (except as to Sco 
 the MunicipalCorporationb Act, 1882, *. 5, 260 (2). 
 
 Scotland and Ireland) by 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 679 
 
 A municipal election shall, except in so far as relates to the 
 taking of the poll in the event of its being contested, be con- 
 ducted in the manner in which it would have been conducted if 
 this Act had not been passed. 
 
 21. Abolition of ward assessors. Assessors shall not be elected 
 in any ward of any municipal borough, and a municipal election 
 need not be held before the assessors or their deputies, but may 
 be held before the mayor, alderman, or other 'returning officer 
 only. 
 
 Application of Part of Act to Scotland. 
 
 22. Alterations for application of Part II. to Scotland. This 
 part of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following 
 provisions : 
 
 (1) The term " mayor " shall mean the provost or other chief 
 
 magistrate of a municipal borough, as defined by this 
 Act: 
 
 (2) All municipal elections shall be conducted in the same 
 
 manner in all respects in which elections of councillors 
 in the royal burghs contained in Schedule 0. to the 
 Act of the session of the third and fourth years of the 
 reign of King William the Fourth, chapter seventy-six, 
 intituled " An Act to alter and amend the laws for the 
 " election of the Magistrates and Councillors of the Hoyal 
 " Burghs in Scotland," are directed to be conducted by 
 the Acts in force at the time of the passing of this Act 
 as amended by this Act; and all such Acts shall apply 
 to such elections accordingly. 
 
 Application of Part of Act to Ireland. 
 
 23. Alterations for application of Part 11. to Ireland. This 
 part of this Act shall apply to Ireland, with the following 
 modifications : 
 
 (1) The term " mayor " shall include the chairman of com- 
 
 missioners, chairman of municipal commissioners, chair- 
 man of town commissioners, and chairman of township 
 commissioners. 
 
 (2) The provisions of " The Municipal Corporation Act, 1859," 
 
 following; that is to say, section five and section six, 
 and section seven except so much thereof as relates to 
 the form of nomination papers, and section eight except 
 so much thereof as relates to assessors, shall extend and 
 apply to every municipal borough in Ireland, and shall 
 be substituted for any provisions in force in relation 
 to the nomination at municipal elections: Provided 
 always, that the term " councillor " in these sections 
 shall for the purposes of this section include alderman, 
 commissioner, municipal commissioner, town commis- 
 sioner, township commissioner, or assessor of any 
 municipal borough. 
 
680 APPENDIX III. 
 
 PART III. 
 PERSONATION. 
 
 24. Definition and punishment of personation, The following 
 enactments shall be made with respect to personation at parlia- 
 mentary iand municipal elections: 
 
 A person shall for all purposes of the laws relating to parlia- 
 mentary iand municipal elections be deemed to be guilty of the 
 offence of personation who at an election for a county or borough, 
 or at a municipal election, applies for a ballot paper in the name 
 of some other person, whether that name be that of a person living 
 or dead or of a fictitious person, or who having voted once at 
 any such election applies at the same election for a ballot paper 
 in his own name. 
 
 .... It shall be the. duty of the returning officer to institute a 
 prosecution against any person whom he may believe to have been 
 guilty of personation, or of aiding, abetting, counselling, or 
 procuring the commission of the offence of personation by any 
 person, at the election for which he is returning officer, and the 
 costs and "expenses of the prosecutor and the witnesses in such 
 case, together with compensation for their trouble and loss of 
 time, shall be allowed by the court in the same manner in which 
 courts are empowered to allow the same in cases of felony. 
 
 The provisions of the Kegistration Acts, specified in the Third 
 Schedule to this Act, shall in England and Iceland respectively 
 apply to personation under this Act in the same manner as they 
 apply to a person who knowingly personates and falsely assumes 
 to vote in the name of another person as mentioned in the said 
 Acts. 
 
 25. Vote to be struck off for bribery, treating, or undue 
 influence. Where a candidate, on the trial of an election peti- 
 tion claiming the seat for any person, is proved to have been 
 guilty, by himself or by any person on his behalf, of bribery, 
 treating, or undue influence in respect of any person who voted 
 at such election (a), . . . there shall, on a scrutiny, be struck off 
 from the number of votes appearing to have been given to such 
 candidate one vote for every person who voted at such election 
 and is proved to have been so bribed, treated, or unduly 
 influenced (a). . . . 
 
 26. Alterations in Act as applying to Scotland. This part 
 of this Act shall apply to Scotland, subject to the following 
 provision: 
 
 The offence of personation shall be deemed to be a crime and 
 offence, and the rules of the law of Scotland with respect 
 to apprehension, detention, precognition, commitment, and 
 bail shall apply thereto, and any person accused thereof may 
 be brought to trial in the court of justiciary, whether in 
 Edinburgh or on circuit, at the instance of the Lord Advo- 
 cate, or before the sheriff court at the instance of the 
 procurator fiscal. 
 
 (a) Here follow words repealed by present Act. See sect, 47 (1], p. 337, 
 supra, and p. 396, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 681 
 
 27. Construction of part of Act. This part of this Act, so 
 far as regards parliamentary elections, shall be construed as one 
 with " The Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868," and shall apply 
 to an election for a university or combination of universities. 
 
 PAET IV. 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 28. Effect of schedules. The schedules to this Act, and the 
 notes thereto, and directions therein, shall be construed and have 
 effect as part of this Act. 
 
 29. Definitions. In this Act 
 
 The expression " municipal borough " means any place for 
 the time being subject to the Municipal Corporation Acts, 
 or any of them: 
 
 The expression " Municipal Corporation Acts " means 
 
 (a) As regards England, the Act of the session of the fifth and 
 
 sixth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, 
 chapter seventy-six, intituled " An Act to provide for 
 " the regulation of municipal corporations in England 
 " and Wales," and the Acts amending the same: 
 
 (b) As regards Scotland, the Act of the session of the third and 
 
 fourth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, 
 chapter seventy-six, intituled " An Act to alter and 
 " amend the laws for the election of Magistrates and 
 " Councillors of the Eoyal Burghs in Scotland," and 
 the Act of the same session, chapter seventy-seven, in- 
 tituled " An Act to provide for the appointment and 
 " election of Magistrates and Councillors for the several 
 " Burghs and Towns of Scotland which now return or 
 " contribute to return Members to Parliament, and are 
 u not Boyal Burghs," and the Act of the session of the 
 thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of Her 
 present Majesty, chapter thirty-three, intituled " An Act 
 " to make more effectual provision for regulating the 
 " Police of Towns and populous Places in Scotland, and 
 " for paving, draining, cleansing, lighting, and improv- 
 " ing the same; " and " The General Police and Im- 
 " provement (Scotland) Act, 1862," and any Acts 
 amending the same: 
 
 (c) As regards Ireland, the Act of the session of the third and 
 
 fourth years of the reign of Jler present Majesty, chapter 
 one hundred and eight, intituled " An Act for the Regu- 
 " lation of Municipal Corporations in Ireland," the Act 
 of the ninth year of G-eorge the Fourth, chapter eighty- 
 two, The Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1854, and 
 every local and personal Act providing for the election 
 of commissioners in any towns or places for purposes 
 similar to the purposes of the said Acts. 
 The expression " municipal election " means 
 (a) As regards England, an election of any person to serve the 
 office of councillor, auditor, or assessor of any municipal 
 
682 APPENDIX III. 
 
 borough, or of councillor for a ward of a municipal 
 borough; and 
 
 (b) As regards Scotland, an election of any person to serve 
 
 the office of councillor or commissioner of any muni- 
 cipal borough, or of a ward or district of any municipal 
 borough: 
 
 (c) As regards Ireland, an election of any person to serve the 
 
 office of alderman, councillor, commissioner, municipal 
 commissioner, town commissioner, township commis- 
 sioner, or assessor of any municipal borough. 
 
 30. Application of Act. This Act shall apply to any parlia- 
 mentary or municipal election which may be held after the 
 passing thereof. 
 
 31. Saving. Nothing in this Act, except Part III. thereof, 
 shall apply to any election for a university or combination of 
 universities. 
 
 32. Repeal of Acts in schedules (Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth 
 Schedules) to extent specified therein. 
 
 33. Short title. This Act may be cited as The Ballot Act, 
 1872( 2 ). . . . 
 
 SCHEDULES. 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 PART 1. 
 
 RULES FOR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. 
 Election. 
 
 1. The returning officer shall, in the case of a county election, 
 within two days after the day on which he receives the writ, and 
 in the case of a borough election, on the day on which he receives 
 the writ or the following day, give public notice, between the 
 hours of nine in the morning and four in the afternoon, of the 
 day on which and the place at which he will proceed to an election, 
 and of the time appointed for the election, and of the day on 
 which the poll will be taken in case the election is contested, 
 and of the time and place at which forms of nomination papers 
 may be obtained, and in the case of a county election shall send 
 one of such notices by post under cover, to the postmaster of 
 the principal post office of each polling place in the county, 
 endorsed with the words " Notice of election," and the same shall 
 be forwarded free of charge; and the postmaster receiving the 
 same shall forthwith publish the same in the manner in which 
 post office notices are usually published (a). 
 
 2. The day of election shall be fixed by the returning officer as 
 follows; that is to say, in the case of an election for a county 
 
 (z) Here follow words repealed by present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337 
 supra, and p. 396, supra. 
 
 (a] See sect. 21 (2), pp. 161, 162, also pp. 179, 180, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 683 
 
 or a district borough not later than the ninth day after the day 
 on which he receives the writ, with an interval of not less than 
 three clear days between the day on which he gives the notice and 
 the day of election ; and in the case of an election for any borough 
 other than a district borough not later than the fourth day 
 after the day on which he receives the writ, with an interval 
 of not less than two clear days between the day on which he gives 
 the notice and the day of election (6). 
 
 3. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act (c).j 
 
 4. The time appointed for the election shall be such two hours 
 between the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the after- 
 noon as may be appointed by the returning officer, and the 
 returning officer shall attend during those two hours and for 
 one hour after (c). 
 
 5. Each candidate shall be nominated by a separate nomination 
 paper, but the same electors or any of them may subscribe as 
 many nomination papers as there are vacancies to be filled, 
 but no more (e). 
 
 6. Each candidate shall be described in the nomination paper 
 in such manner as in the opinion of the returning officer is 
 calculated to sufficiently identify such candidate; the description 
 shall include his names, his abode, and his rank, profession, or 
 calling, and his surname shall come first in the list of his names. 
 No objection to a nomination paper on the ground of the descrip- 
 tion of the candidate therein being insufficient, or not being in 
 compliance with this rule, shall be allowed or deemed valid, 
 unless such objection is made by the returning officer, or by 
 some other person, at or immediately after the time of the 
 delivery of the nomination paper (/). 
 
 7. The returning officer shall supply a form of nomination 
 paper to any registered elector requiring the same during such 
 two hours as the returning officer may fix, between the hours 
 of ten in the morning and two in the afternoon on each day 
 intervening between the day on which notice of the election was 
 given and the day of election, and during the time appointed 
 for the election; but nothing in this Act shall render obligatory 
 the use of a nomination paper supplied by the returning officer, 
 so, however, that the paper be in the form prescribed by this 
 Act(flr). 
 
 8. The nomination papers shall be delivered to the returning 
 officer at the place of election during .the time appointed for the 
 election ; and the candidate nominated by each nomination paper, 
 and his proposer and seconder, and one other person selected by 
 the candidate, and no person other than aforesaid, shall, except 
 for the purpose of assisting the returning officer, be entitled to 
 
 (ft) See pp. 179, 180, supra. 
 
 (c) See pp. 337, 396, supra. 
 
 (d) See sect. 26 (1), p. 207. supra. 
 
 (e) See sect. 33 (2), pp. 223, 224. also pp. 265269, supra. 
 
 (f) Ibid, 
 (a) Ibid. 
 
84 APPENDIX III. 
 
 attend the proceedings during the time appointed for the 
 election (/&). 
 
 9. If the election is contested the returning officer shall, as 
 soon as practicable after adjourning the election, give public 
 notice 'of the day on which the poll will be taken, and of the 
 candidates described as in their respective nomination papers, 
 and of the names of the persons who subscribed the nomination 
 paper of each candidate, and of the order in which the names of 
 the candidates will be printed in the ballot paper, and, in the 
 case of an election for a county, deliver to the postmaster of 
 the principal post office of the town in which is situate the place 
 of election a paper, signed by himself, containing the names of 
 the candidates nominated, and stating the day on which the poll 
 is to be taken, and the postmaster shall forward the information 
 contained in such paper by telegraph, free of charge, to the several 
 postal telegraph offices situate in the county for which the elec- 
 tion is to be held, and such information shall be published at 
 each such office in the manner in which post office notices are 
 usually published (i) . 
 
 10. If any candidate nominated during the time appointed for 
 the election is withdrawn in pursuance of this Act, the returning 
 officer shall give public notice of the name of such candidate, and 
 the names of the persons who subscribed the nomination paper of 
 such candidate, as well as of the candidates who stood nominated 
 or were elected (&). 
 
 11. The returning officer shall, on the nomination paper being 
 delivered to him, forthwith publish notice of the name of the 
 person nominated as a candidate, and of the names of his pro- 
 poser and seconder, by placarding or causing to be placarded 
 the names of the candidate and his proposer and seconder in a 
 conspicuous position outside the building in which the room is 
 situate appointed for the election (7). 
 
 12. A person shall not be entitled to have his name inserted in 
 any ballot paper as a candidate unless he has been nominated in 
 manner provided by this Act, and every person whose nomina- . 
 tion paper has been delivered to the returning officer during the 
 time appointed for the election shall be deemed to have been 
 nominated in manner provided by this Act, unless objection be 
 made to his nomination paper by the returning officer or some 
 other person before the expiration of the time appointed for the 
 election or within one hour afterwards (m). 
 
 13. The returning officer shall decide on the validity of every 
 objection made to a nomination paper, and his decision, if dis- 
 allowing the objection, shall be final; but if allowing the same, 
 shall be subject to reversal on petition questioning the election 
 or return (n). 
 
 (Ji) See sect. 33 (2), pp. 223, 224, also pp. 265269, supra. 
 
 (i) Ibid., also p. 179. 
 
 (k) Ibid., also p. 208, supra. 
 
 (1} Ibid. 
 
 (m) Ibid. 
 
 () Ibid. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 685 
 
 The Poll. 
 
 14. The poll shall take place on such day as the returning 
 officer may appoint, not being in the case of an election for a 
 county or a district borough less than two nor more than six 
 clear days, and not being in the case of an election for a borough 
 other than a district borough more than three clear days after 
 the day fixed for the election (o). 
 
 15. At every polling place the returning officer shall provide a 
 sufficient number of polling stations for the accommodation of 
 the electors entitled to vote at such polling place, and shall 
 distribute the polling stations amongst those electors in such 
 manner as he thinks most convenient, provided that in a district 
 borough there shall be at least one polling station at each con- 
 tributory place of such borough (p). 
 
 16. Each polling station shall be furnished with such number 
 of compartments, in which the voters can mark their votes 
 screened from observation, as the returning officer thinks neces- 
 sary, so that at least one compartment be provided for every 
 one hundred and fifty electors entitled to vote at such polling 
 station. 
 
 17. A separate room or separate booth may contain a separate 
 polling station, or several polling stations may be constructed in 
 the same room or booth. 
 
 18. No person shall be admitted to vote at any polling station 
 except the one allotted to him (g). 
 
 19. The returning officer shall give public notice of the situa- 
 tion of polling stations and the description of voters entitled 
 to vote at each station, and of the mode in which electors are to 
 vote. 
 
 20. The returning officer shall provide each polling station 
 with materials for voters to mark the ballot papers, with instru- 
 ments for stamping thereon the official mark, and with copies of 
 the register of voters, or such part thereof as contains the 
 names of the voters allotted to vote at such station. He shall 
 keep the official mark secret, and an interval of not less than 
 seven y^ears shall intervene between the use of the same official 
 mark at elections for the same county or borough. 
 
 21. The returning officer shall appoint a presiding officer to 
 preside at each station, and the officer so appointed shall keep 
 order at his station, shall regulate the number of electors to be 
 admitted at a time, and shall exclude all other persons except 
 the clerks, the agents of the candidates, and the constables on 
 duty. 
 
 22. Every ballot paper shall contain a list of the candidates 
 described as in their respective nomination papers, and arranged 
 alphabetically in the order of their surnames, and (if there are 
 two or more candidates with the same surname) of their other 
 
 (o) See sect. 21, pp. 161, 162, also pp. 162, 163, 179, 180, supra, 
 (p) See sect. 24, pp. 203, 204, supra. 
 (q) Ibid. 
 
686 APPENDIX III. 
 
 name*: it shall be in the form (r) set forth in the Second Schedule 
 to this Act or as near thereto as circumstances admit, and shall 
 be capable of being folded up. 
 
 23. Every ballot box shall be so constructed that the ballot 
 papers can be introduced therein, but cannot be withdrawn there- 
 from, without the box being unlocked. The presiding officer at 
 any polling station, just before the commencement of the poll, 
 shall show the ballot box empty to such persons, if any, as may 
 be present in such station, so that they may see that it is empty, 
 and shall then lock it up, and place his seal upon it in such 
 manner as to prevent its being opened without breaking such 
 seal, and shall place it in his view for the receipt of ballot papers 
 and keep it so locked and sealed. 
 
 24. Immediately before a ballot paper is delivered to an 
 elector it shall be marked on both sides with the official mark, 
 either stamped or perforated, and the number, name, and descrip- 
 tion of the elector as stated in the copy of the register shall be 
 called out, and the number of such elector shall be marked on 
 the counterfoil, and a mark shall be placed in the register against 
 the number of the elector, to denote that he has received a ballot 
 paper, but without showing the particular ballot paper which 
 he has received. 
 
 25. The elector, on 'receiving the ballot paper, shall forthwith 
 proceed into one of the compartments in the polling station, and 
 there mark his paper, and fold it up so as to conceal his vote, 
 and shall then put his ballot paper, so folded up, into the ballot 
 box; he shall vote without undue delay, and shall quit the 
 polling station as soon as he has put his ballot paper into the 
 ballot box. 
 
 26. The presiding officer, on the application of any voter who 
 is incapacitated by blindness or other physical cause from voting 
 in manner prescribed in this Act, or (if the poll be taken on 
 Saturday) of any voter who declares that he is of the Jewish 
 persuasion, and objects on religious grounds to vote in manner 
 prescribed by this Act, or of any voter who makes such a declara- 
 tion as herein-after mentioned that he is unable to read, .shall, 
 in the presence of the agents of the candidates, cause the vote of 
 such voter to be marked on a ballot paper in manner directed by 
 such voter, and the ballot paper to be placed in the ballot box, 
 and the name and number on the register of voters of every 
 voter whose vote is marked in pursuance of this rule, and the 
 reason why it is so marked, shall be entered on a list in this 
 Act called " the list of votes marked by the presiding officer." 
 
 The said declaration, in this Act referred to as " the declara- 
 tion of inability to read," shall be made by the voter at the time 
 of polling, before the presiding officer, who shall attest it in the 
 form herein-after mentioned, and no fee, stamp, or other pay- 
 ment shall be charged in respect of such declaration, and the 
 said declaration shall be given to the presiding officer at the 
 time of voting. 
 
 27. If a person, representing himself to be a particular elector 
 named on the register, applies for a ballot paper after another 
 
 (r) See p. 698, f /*. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 687 
 
 person has voted as such elector, the applicant shall, upon duly 
 answering the questions and taking the oath permitted by law 
 to be asked of and to be administered to voters at the time of 
 polling, be entitled to mark a ballot paper in the same manner 
 as any other voter, but the ballot paper (in this Act called a 
 tendered ballot paper) sljall be of a colour differing from the 
 other ballot papers, and instead of being put into the ballot box, 
 shall be given to the presiding officer and endorsed by him 
 with the name of the voter and his number in the register of 
 voters, and set aside in a separate packet, and shall not be 
 counted by the returning officer. And the name of the voter and 
 his number on the register shall be entered on a list, in this Act 
 called the tendered votes list(/). 
 
 28. A voter who has inadvertently dealt with his ballot paper 
 in such manner that it cannot be conveniently used as a ballot 
 paper, may, on delivering to the presiding officer the ballot 
 paper so inadvertently dealt with, and proving the fact of the 
 inadvertence to the satisfaction of the presiding officer, obtain 
 another ballot paper in the place of the ballot paper so delivered 
 up (in this Act called a spoilt ballot paper), and the spoilt 
 ballot paper shall be immediately cancelled (</). 
 
 29. The presiding officer of each station, as soon as practicable 
 after the close of the poll, shall, in the presence of the agents of 
 the candidates, make up into separate packets sealed with his 
 own seal and the seals of such agents of the candidates as desire 
 to affix their seals, 
 
 (1) Every ballot box in use at his station, unopened but with 
 
 the key attached; and 
 
 (2) The unused and spoilt ballot papers, placed together; and 
 
 (3) The tendered ballot papers; and 
 
 (4) The marked copies of the register of voters, and the 
 
 counterfoils of the ballot papers; and 
 
 (5) The tendered votes list, and the list of votes marked by 
 
 the presiding officer, and a statement of the number of 
 the voters whose votes are so marked by the presiding 
 officer under the heads " physical incapacity," " Jew-;.'' 
 and " unable to read," and the declarations of inability 
 to read; 
 and shall deliver such packets to the returning officer 
 
 30. The packets shall be accompanied by a statement made 
 by such presiding officer, showing the number of ballot papers 
 entrusted to him, and accounting for them under the heads of 
 ballot papers in the ballot box, unused, spoilt, and tendered 
 ballot papers, which statement is in this Act referred to as the 
 ballot paper account. 
 
 Counting Votes. 
 
 31. The candidates may respectively appoint agents to attend 
 the counting of the votes (A). 
 
 (/) See sect. 22 (1) (c), pp. 164, 165, supra. 
 
 (ff) See sect. 27 (2), pp. 209, 210, supra. 
 
 (h] See sect. 23 (2), p. 173, also p. 182, supra. 
 
688 APPENDIX III. 
 
 32. The returning officer shall make arrangements for counting 
 the votes in the presence of the agents of the candidates as scon 
 as practicable after the close of the poll, and shall give to the 
 agents of the candidates appointed to attend at the counting of 
 the votes notice in writing of the time and place at which he will 
 begin to count the same (i) . 
 
 33. The returning officer, his assistants and clerks, and the 
 agents of the candidates, and no other person, except with the 
 sanction of the returning officer, may be present at the counting 
 of the votes (&) 
 
 34. Before the returning officer proceeds to count the votes, he 
 shall, in the presence of the agents of the candidates, open each 
 ballot box, and, taking out the papers therein, shall count and 
 record the number thereof, and then mix together the whole of 
 the ballot papers contained in the ballot boxes. The returning 
 officer, while counting and recording the number of ballot papers 
 and counting the votes, shall keep the ballot papers with their 
 faoes .upwards, and take all proper precautions for preventing 
 any person from seeing the numbers printed on the backs of such 
 papers (Z). 
 
 35. The returning officer shall, so far as practicable, proceed 
 continuously with counting the votes, allowing only time for 
 refreshment, and excluding (except so far as he and the agents 
 otherwise -agree) the hours between seven o'clock at night and 
 nine o'clock on the succeeding morning. During the excluded 
 time the returning officer shall place the ballot papers and other 
 documents relating to the election under his own seal and the 
 seals of such of the agents of the candidates as desire to affix their 
 seals, and shall otherwise take proper precautions for the security 
 of such papers and documents (ra). 
 
 36. The returning officer shall endorse " rejected " on any 
 ballot paper which he may reject as invalid, and shall add to the 
 endorsement " rejection objected to," if an objection be in fact 
 made by any agent to his decision. The returning officer shall 
 report to the Olerk of the Grown in Chancery the numbers of 
 ballot papers rejected and not counted by him under the several 
 heads of 
 
 1) Want of official mark; 
 
 2) Voting for more candidates than entitled to; 
 
 (3) Writing or mark by which voter could be identified; 
 
 (4) Unmarked or void for uncertainty; 
 
 and shall on request allow any agents of the candidates, before 
 such report is sent, to copy it (n). 
 
 37. Upon the completion of the counting, the returning officer 
 shall seal up in separate packets the counted and rejected ballot 
 papers. He shall not open the sealed packet of tendered ballot 
 papers or marked copy of the register of voters and counterfoils, 
 
 (i) See sect. 23 (2), p. 173, also p. 182, supra. 
 
 (k) Ibid. 
 
 (1} Ibid. 
 
 (m] Ibid. 
 
 (n) See sect. 23 (2), p. 173,. also pp. 182 200, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 689 
 
 but shall proceed, in the presence of the agents of the candidates, 
 to verify the ballot paper account given by each presiding officer 
 by comparing it with the number of ballot papers recorded by him 
 as aforesaid, and the unused and spoilt ballot papers in his 
 possession and the tendered votes list, and shall reseal each sealed 
 packet after examination. The returning officer shall report to 
 the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery the result of such verifi- 
 cation, and shall, on request, allow any agents of the candidates, 
 before such report is sent, to copy it (0). 
 
 38. Lastly, the returning officer shall forward to the Clerk of 
 the Crown in Chancery (in manner in which the poll books are 
 by any existing enactment required to be forwarded to such clerk, 
 or as near thereto as circumstances admit) all the packets of 
 ballot papers in his possession, together with the said reports, 
 tho ballot paper accounts, tendered votes lists, lists of votes 
 marked by the presiding officer, statements relating thereto, 
 declarations of inability to read, and packets of counterfoils, 
 and marked copies of registers, sent by each presiding officer, 
 endorsing on each packet a description of its contents and the 
 date of the election to which they relate, and the name of the 
 county or borough for which such election was held; and the 
 term poll book in 'any such enactment shall be construed to 
 include any document forwarded in pursuance of this rule(o). 
 
 39. The Clerk of the Crown shall retain for a year all docu- 
 ments relating to an election forwarded to him in pursuance of 
 this Act by a returning officer, and then, unless otherwise directed 
 by an order of the House of Commons, or one of Her Majesty's) 
 Superior Courts, shall cause them to be destroyed. 
 
 40. No person shall be allowed to inspect any rejected ballot 
 papers in the custody of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, 
 except under the order of the House of Commons or under the 
 order of one of Her Majesty's Superior Courts, to be granted by 
 such court on being satisfied by evidence on oath that the inspec- 
 tion or production of such ballot papers is required for the pur- 
 pose of instituting or maintaining a prosecution for an offence 
 in relation to ballot papers, or for the purpose of a petition 
 questioning an election or return; and any such order for the 
 inspection or production of ballot papers may be. made subject 
 to such conditions as to persons, time, place, and mode of inspec- 
 tion or production as the House or court making the same may 
 think expedient, and shall be obe}^ed by the Clerk of the Crown 
 in Chancery. Any power given to a Court by this rule may be 
 exercised by any judge of such court at chambers. 
 
 41. No person shall, except by order of the House of Commons 
 or any tribunal having cognizance of petitions complaining of 
 undue returns or undue elections, open the sealed packet of 
 counterfoils after the same has been once sealed up, or be allowed 
 to inspect any counted ballot papers in the custody of the Clerk 
 of the Crown in Chancery; such order may be made subject to 
 such conditions as to persons, time, place, and mode of opening 
 or inspection as the House or tribunal making the order may 
 
 (0) Seo sect. 23 (2), p. 173, also p. 182. supra. 
 
 F. 44 
 
690 APPENDIX III. 
 
 think expedient; provided that on making and carrying into 
 effect any such order, care shall be taken that the mode in which 
 any particular elector has voted shall not be discovered until 
 he has been proved to have voted, and his vote has been declared 
 by a competent court to be invalid. 
 
 42. All documents forwarded by a returning officer in pur- 
 suance of this Act to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, other 
 than ballot papers and counterfoils, shall be open to public 
 inspection ,at such time and under such regulations as may be 
 prescribed by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, with the 
 consent of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and the Clerk 
 of the Crown shall supply copies of or extracts from the said 
 documents to any person demanding the same, on payment of 
 such fees and subject to such regulations, as may be sanctioned 
 by the Treasury. 
 
 43. Where an order is made for the production by the Clerk 
 of the Crown in Chancery of any document in his possession 
 relating to any specified election, the production by such clerk or 
 his agent of the document ordered, in such manner as may be 
 directed by such order, or by a rule of the court having power 
 to make such order, shall be conclusive evidence that soich docu- 
 ment relates to the specified election; and any endorsement 
 appearing on any packet of ballot papers produced by such Clerk 
 of the Crown or his agent shall be evidence of such papers being 
 what they are stated to be by the endorsement. The production 
 from proper custody of a ballot paper purporting to have been 
 used at any election, and of a counterfoil marked with the same 
 printed number and having a number marked thereon in writing, 
 shall be prima facie evidence that the person who voted by such 
 ballot paper was the person who at the time of such election had 
 affixed to his name in the register of voters at such election the 
 same number as the number written on such counterfoil. 
 
 General Provisions. 
 
 44. The return of a member or members elected to serve in 
 Parliament for any county or borough shall be made by a cer- 
 tificate of the names of such member or members under the hand 
 of the returning officer endorsed on the writ of election for such 
 county or borough, and such certificate shall have effect and be 
 dealt with in like manner as the return under the existing law, 
 and the returning officer may, if he think fit, deliver the writ 
 with such certificate endorsed to the postmaster of the principal 
 post office of the place of election, or his deputy, and in that 
 case he shall take a receipt from the postmaster or his deputy 
 for the same; and such postmaster or his deputy shall then 
 forward the same by the first post, free of charge, under cover, to 
 the Clerk of the Crown, with the words " Election Writ and 
 lieturn " endorsed thereon. 
 
 45. The returning officer shall, as soon as possible, give public 
 notice of the names of the candidates elected, and, in the case 
 of a contested election, of the total number of votes given for 
 each candidate, whether elected or not. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 187^. 691 
 
 46. Where the returning officer is required or authorised by 
 this Act to give any public notice, he shall carry such require- 
 ment into effect by advertisements, placards, handbills, or such 
 other means as he thinks best calculated to afford information 
 to the electors. 
 
 47. The returning officer may, if he think fit, preside at any. 
 polling .station, and the provisions of this Act relating to a 
 presiding officer shall apply to such returning officer with the 
 necessary modifications as to things to be done by the returning 
 officer to the presiding officer, or the presiding officer to the 
 returning officer. 
 
 48. In the case of a contested election for any county or 
 borough, the returning officer may, in addition to any clerks, 
 appoint competent persons to assist him in counting the votes. 
 
 49. No person shall be appointed by a returning officer for 
 the .purposes of an election who has been employed by any other 
 person in or about the election. 
 
 50. The presiding officer may do, by the clerks appointed to 
 assist him, any act which he is required or authorised to do by 
 this Act at a polling station except ordering the arrest, exclu- 
 sion, or ejection from the polling station of any person. 
 
 51. A candidate may himself undertake the duties which any 
 agent of his if appointed might have undertaken, or may assist 
 his agent in the performance of such duties, and may be present 
 at any place at which his agent may, in pursuance of this Act, 
 attend. 
 
 52. The name and address of every agent of a candidate 
 appointed to attend the counting of the votes shall be transmitted 
 to the returning officer one clear day at least before the opening 
 of the poll ; and the returning officer may refuse to admit to the 
 place where the votes are counted any agent whose name and 
 address has not been so transmitted, notwithstanding that his 
 appointment may be otherwise valid, and any notice required to 
 be given to an agent by the returning officer may be delivered 
 at or sent by post to such address. 
 
 53. If any person appointed an agent by a candidate for the 
 purposes of attending at the polling station or at the counting 
 of the votes dies, or becomes incapable of acting during the 
 time of the election, the candidate may appoint another agent 
 in his place, and shall forthwith give to the returning officer 
 notice in writing of the name and address of the agent so 
 appointed. 
 
 54. Every returning officer, and every officer, clerk, or agent 
 authorised to attend at a polling station, or at the counting of 
 the votes, shall, before the opening of the poll, make a statutory 
 declaration of secrecy, in the presence, if he is the returning 
 officer, of a justice of the peace, and if he is any other officer 
 or an agent, of a justice of the peace or of the returning officer; 
 but no such returning officer, officer, clerk, or agent as aforesaid 
 shall, save as aforesaid, be required, as such, to make any declara- 
 tion or take any oath on the occasion of any election. 
 
 55. Where in this Act any expressions are used requiring or 
 authorising or inferring that any act or thing is to be done in 
 the presence of the agents of the candidates, such expressions 
 
 44(2) 
 
692 APPENDIX II f. 
 
 shall be deemed to refer to the presence of such agents of the 
 candidates as may be authorised to attend, and as have in fact 
 attended, at the time and place where such act or thing is being 
 done, -and the non-attendance of any agents or agent at such 
 time and place shall not, if such act or thing be otherwise duly 
 done, in anywise invalidate the act or thing done. 
 
 56. In reckoning time for the purposes of this Act, Sunday, 
 Christmas day, Good Friday, and any day set apart for a public 
 fast or thanksgiving, shall be excluded; and where anything is 
 required by this Act to be done on any day which falls on the 
 above-mentioned days such thing may be done on the next day, 
 unless it is one of the days excluded as above mentioned. 
 
 57. In this Acte- 
 
 The expression " district borough " means the borough of 
 Monmouth and any of the boroughs specified in Sche- 
 dule E. to the Act of the session of the second and third 
 years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter 
 forty-five, intituled " An Act to amend the Representa- 
 " tion of the People in England and Wales "; and 
 
 The expression " polling place " means, in the case of a 
 borough, such borough or any part thereof in which a 
 separate booth is required or authorised by law to be 
 provided; and 
 
 The expression " agents of the candidates," used in relation 
 to a polling station, means agents appointed in pursuance 
 of section eighty-five of the Act of the session of the 
 sixth and seventh years of the reign of Her present 
 Majesty, chapter eighteen. 
 
 Modifications in Application of Part One of Schedule to 
 Scotland. 
 
 58. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act (a}.'] 
 
 59. In Scotland, the candidates may respectively appoint agents 
 to attend at the polling stations. The ballot papers and other 
 documents other than the return required to be sent to and kept 
 by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, shall, in Scotland, be 
 kept by the sheriff clerks of the respective counties in which the 
 returns (including those for burghs) are made, and the pro- 
 visions of this schedule relating thereto shall be construed as 
 if the sheriff clerk were substituted for Clerk of the Crown in 
 Chancery. 
 
 60. In Scotland, the term " district borough " shall mean the 
 combined burghs and towns specified in Schedule E. of the Act 
 of the session of the second and third years of the reign of 
 King William the Fourth, chapter sixty-five, intituled " An Act 
 " to amend the Representation of the People in Scotland; " and 
 in Schedule A. of the Representation of the People (Scotland) 
 Act, 1868. 
 
 61. The provisions of the Act of the session of the second >and 
 third years of the reign of King William the Fourth, chapter 
 sixty-five, intituled " An Act to amend the Representation of 
 " the People in Scotland," in so far as they relate to the fixing 
 
 (a) See pp. 337, 396, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 693 
 
 and announcement of the day of election, the interval to elapse 
 between the receipt of the writ and the day of election, tha 
 period of adjournment for taking the poll in the case of Orkney 
 and Shetland, and of the district of burghs comprising Kirk- 
 wall, Wick, Dornoch, Dingwall, Tain, and Cromarty, and to the 
 keeping open of the poll for two consecutive days in the case 
 of Orkney and Shetland, shall remain in full force and effect, 
 anything in this Act or any other Act of Parliament now in 
 force notwithstanding; but nothing herein contained shall be 
 construed to exclude Orkney and Shetland or Orkney or Shet- 
 land, or the said district of burghs, or any of the burghs in the 
 said district, from any of the benefits and obligations of the other 
 portions of this Act. 
 
 Modifications in Application of Part One of Schedule to 
 Ireland. 
 
 62. The expression " Clerk of the Crown in Chancery " in this 
 schedule shall mean, as regards Ireland, " the Clerk of the Crown 
 " and Hanaper in Ireland." 
 
 63. A presiding officer at a polling station in a county in Ire- 
 land need not be a freeholder of the county. 
 
 PART II, 
 RULES FOR MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 64. In the application of the provisions of this schedule to 
 municipal elections the following modifications shall be made: 
 
 (a) The .expression " register of voters " means the burgess 
 
 roll of the burgesses of the borough, or, in the case of 
 an election for the ward of a borough, the ward list; 
 and the mayor shall provide true copies of such register 
 for each polling station: 
 
 (b) All ballot papers and other documents which, in the case 
 
 of a parliamentary election, are forwarded to the Clerk 
 of the Crown in Chancery shall be delivered to the town 
 clerk of the municipal borough in which the election is 
 held, and shall be kept by him among the records of 
 the borough; and the provisions of part one of this 
 ^schedule with respect to the inspection, production, and 
 destruction of such ballot papers and documents, and 
 to the copies of such documents, shall apply respectively 
 to the ballot papers and documents so in the custody of 
 the town clerk, with these modifications; namely, 
 
 (a) An order of the county court having jurisdiction 
 in the borough, or any part thereof, or of any tribunal 
 in which a municipal election is questioned, shall be 
 substituted for an order of the House of Commons or 
 of one of Her Majesty's Superior Courts; but an appeal 
 from such county court may be had in like manner as 
 in other cases in such county court; 
 
 (b) The regulations for the inspection of documents 
 and the fees for the supply of copies of documents of 
 which copies are directed to be supplied, shall be pre- 
 
694 APPENDIX III. 
 
 scribed by the council of the borough with the consent 
 of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State; 
 and, subject as aforesaid, the town clerk, in respect of 
 the custody and destruction of the ballot papers and 
 other documents coming into his possession in pursuance 
 of this Act, shall be subject to the directions of the 
 council of the borough: 
 
 (c) Nothing in this schedule with respect to the day 
 "le poll shall apply to a municipal election. 
 
 (c) 
 of th( 
 
 Modifications in Application of Part 11. of Schedule to 
 Scotland. 
 
 65. In part two of this schedule as applying to Scotland 
 The expression " register of voters " means the register, 
 
 list, or roll of persons entitled to vote in a municipal 
 election made up according to the law for the time being in 
 force. 
 
 The expression " county court " means the sheriff court. 
 
 The expression " town clerk " includes the clerk appointed 
 by the Commissioners of Police under the Act of the 
 session of the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign 
 of Her present Majesty, chapter thirty-three, intituled 
 " An Act to make more effectual provision for regulating 
 " the police of towns and populous places in Scotland, 
 " and for paving, draining, cleansing, lighting, and im- 
 " proving the same," and of the General Police and 
 Improvement (Scotland) Act, 1862. 
 
 Modifications in Application of Part II. of Schedule to 
 Ireland. 
 
 66. In part two of this schedule as applying to Ireland 
 The expression " register of voters," in addition to the mean- 
 ing specified in such part, means, in relation to any muni- 
 cipal borough subject to the provisions of a Local Act 
 requiring an annual revision of the lists of voters at muni- 
 cipal elections, the register of voters made in conformity 
 with the said provisions of such Local Act, and in relation 
 to municipal boroughs to which Part II. of the Local 
 Government (Ireland) Act, 1871, applies, the list to be 
 made under the provisions of section twenty-seven of the 
 said Act, and in relation to other municipal boroughs a 
 list which the town clork of every municipal borough is 
 hereby authorised and directed to make, in like manner 
 in every respect as if the provisions of the said section 
 were applicable to and in force within such municipal 
 borough. 
 
 The expression " county court " means the Civil Bill Court. 
 
 The expression " town clerk " includes clerk to the commis- 
 sioners, municipal commissioners, town commissioners, or 
 township commissioners of any municipal borough, and 
 any person executing the duties of such town clerk. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 695 
 
 The expression " council of the borough " includes commis- 
 sioners, municipal commissioners, and town commissioners 
 of the town, and township commissioners of the township. 
 
 The expression " one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries 
 of State " means the Chief Secretary of the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 
 Note. The forms contained in this schedule, or forms as nearly 
 resembling the same as circumstances will admit, shall be used 
 in all cases to which they refer and are applicable, and when 
 so used shall be sufficient in law. 
 
 Writ for a County or Borough at a Parliamentary Election. 
 
 * Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of 
 Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, to the 
 
 f of the county [or borough] of , greeting: 
 
 $ Whereas by the advice- of our Council we have ordered a 
 
 Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the day of 
 
 next. We command you that, notice of the time and 
 
 place of election being first duly given, you do cause election 
 
 to be made according to law of members [or a member] 
 
 to serve in Parliament for the said county [or the division 
 
 of the said county, or the borough, or as the case may 6e] of 
 
 and that you do cause the names of such members [or 
 
 member] when so elected, whether they [or he] be present or 
 
 absent, to be certified to us, in our Chancery, without delay. 
 
 Witness ourself at Westminster, the day of 
 
 in the year of our reign, and in the year of our 
 
 Lord 18 . 
 
 Label or direction of Writ. 
 
 To the f of 
 
 A writ of a new election of members [or member] for the 
 said county [or division of a county or borough, or as the case 
 may be']. 
 
 Endorsement. 
 
 Received the within writ on the day of 18 . 
 
 (Signed) A. B., 
 High Sheriff [or Sheriff, or Mayor, or as the case may be]. 
 
 Certificate endorsed on the Writ. 
 
 I hereby certify, that the members [or member] elected for 
 in pursuance of the within-written writ, are [or is] 
 
696 APPENDIX III. 
 
 A. B. of in the county of and 0. D. of in 
 
 the county of 
 
 (Signed) A. B., 
 High Sheriff \_or Sheriff, or Mayor, or as the case may be"]. 
 
 Note. A separate writ will be issued for each county as 
 denned for. the purposes of a parliamentary election. 
 
 * The name of the Sovereign may be altered when necessary. 
 t Insert " sheriff " or other returning officer. 
 J This preamble to be omitted except iu ca-e of a general election. 
 Except in a general election, insert here ''in the place of A. B., 
 deceased," or otherwise, stating the cause of vacancy. 
 
 Form of Notice of Parliamentary Election. 
 
 The returning officer of the of will, on the 
 
 day of now next ensuing, between the hours of 
 
 and , proceed to the nomination, and, if there is 
 
 no opposition, to the election, of a member [or members] for 
 
 the said county [or division of a county or borough] at the *. 
 
 Forms of nomination paper may be obtained at *, 
 
 between the hours of and on 
 
 Every nomination paper must be signed by two registered 
 electors as proposer and seconder, and by eight other registered 
 electors as assenting to the nomination. 
 
 Every nomination paper must be delivered to the returning 
 officer by the candidate proposed, or by his proposer and seconder, 
 between the said hours of and on the said 
 
 day of at the said *. 
 
 Each candidate nominated, and his proposer and seconder, and 
 one other person selected by the candidate, and no other persons, 
 are entitled to be admitted to the room. 
 
 In the event of the election being contested, the poll will 
 take place on the day of 
 
 (Signed) A. B., 
 
 Sheriff [or Mayor, or as the case may be]. 
 day of 18 . 
 
 Take notice, that all persons who are guilty of bribery, treat- 
 ing, undue influence, personation, or other corrupt practices at 
 the said election will, on conviction of such offence, be liable to 
 the penalties (u) mentioned in that behalf in " The Corrupt Prac- 
 tices Prevention Act, 1854," and the Ballot Act, 1872, and the 
 Acts amending the said Acts. 
 
 * NOTE. Insert depcription of pKee and room. 
 
 () See pp. 287 289, 293294, supra. 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 
 
 697 
 
 Form of Nomination Paper in Parliamentary Election, 
 
 We, the undersigned A. B. of in the of 
 
 and 0. D. of in the of , being electors for 
 
 the of , do hereby nominate the following person 
 
 as a proper person to serve as member for the said in 
 
 Parliament: 
 
 Surname. 
 
 BROWN 
 
 Other Names. 
 
 JOHN 
 
 Abode. 
 
 Rank 
 
 Profession, or 
 Occupation . 
 
 52, George St., i Merchant. 
 Bristol. 
 
 or 
 
 JONES WILLIAM DAVID... High Elms, Wilts \ Esquire. 
 
 or 
 
 MERTON j Hon. GEORGE TRA- i Bwanworth, Berks : Viscount, 
 vis, commonly i 
 called Viscount. 
 
 SMITH 
 
 or 
 HENRY SYDNEY. 
 
 i 72, High St., Bath Attorney. 
 
 (Signed) A. B. 
 C.D. 
 
 We, the undersigned, being registered electors of the , 
 
 do hereby assent to the nomination of the above-mentioned John 
 Brown as a proper person to serve as member for the said 
 in Parliament. 
 
 (Signed) E. F. of 
 G. H. of 
 I. J. of 
 K. L. of 
 M. N. of 
 O. P. of 
 Q. R. of 
 S. T. of 
 
 Note. Where a candidate is an Irish peer, or is commonly 
 fcnown by some title, he may be described by his title a"s if it 
 were his surname. 
 
 Form of Nomination Paper in Municipal Election. 
 
 Note. The form of nomination paper in a municipal election 
 -shall as nearly as circumstances admit be the same as in the case 
 of a parliamentary election. 
 
698 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Counterfoil 
 No. 
 
 NOTE: 
 
 The counter- 
 foil is to have a 
 number to cor- 
 respond tvith 
 that on ihr 
 back of the 
 Ba lot Paper. 
 
 Form of Ballot Paper. 
 Form of Front of Ballot Paper. 
 
 BROWN 
 
 (John Brown, of 52, George St., 
 Bristol , merchant. ) 
 
 e*e 
 m 
 
 JONES 
 
 (William David Jones, of High 
 Elms, Wilts, Esq.) 
 
 MEETON 
 
 (Hon. George Travis, commonly 
 called Viscount Morton, of 
 Swanworth, Berks.) 
 
 SMITH 
 
 (Henry Sydney Smith, of 72, High 
 Street, Bath, attorney.) 
 
 No. 
 
 Form of Back of Ballot Paper. 
 
 Election for 
 
 18 
 
 county [or borough, or ward]. 
 
 Note. The number on the ballot paper is to correspond with 
 that in the counterfoil. 
 
 Directions as to printing Ballot Paper. 
 
 Nothing is to be printed on the ballot paper except in accor- 
 dance with this schedule. 
 
 The surname of each candidate, and if there are two or more 
 candidates of the same surname, also the other names of such 
 candidates, shall be printed in large characters, as shown in 
 the form, and the names, addresses, and descriptions, and the 
 number on the back of the paper, shall be printed in small 
 characters. 
 
 Form of Directions for the Guidance of the Voter in voting, 
 which shall be printed in conspicuous Characters, and 
 fflacarded outside every Polling Station and in every Com- 
 partment of every Polling Station. 
 
 The voter may vote for candidate 
 
 The voter will go into one of the compartments, and, with the 
 pencil provided in the compartment, place a cross on the right- 
 hand side, opposite the name of each candidate for whom he 
 votes, thus X 
 
BALLOT ACT, 1872. 699 
 
 The voter will then fold up the ballot paper so as to show the 
 official mark on the back, and leaving the compartment will, 
 without showing the front of the paper to any person, show the 
 official mark on the back to the presiding officer, and then, in the 
 presence of the presiding officer, put the paper into the ballot box, 
 and forthwith quit the polling station. 
 
 If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot paper, he can return 
 it to the officer, who will, if satisfied of such inadvertence, give 
 him another paper. 
 
 It' the voter votes; for more than candidate , or places any 
 
 mark on the paper by which he may be afterwards identified, his 
 ballot paper will be void, and will not be counted. 
 
 If the voter takes a ballot paper out of the polling station, or 
 deposits in the ballot box any other paper than the one given 
 him by the officer, he will be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be 
 subject to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months, 
 with or without hard labour. 
 
 Note. These directions shall be illustrated by examples of 
 the ballot paper. 
 
 Form of Statutory Declaration of Secrecy. 
 
 I solemnly promise and declare, That I will not at this election 
 for do anything forbidden by section four of The Ballot 
 
 Act, 1872, which has been read to me. 
 
 Note. The section must be read to the declarant by the person 
 taking the declaration. 
 
 Form of Declaration of inability to read. 
 
 I, A. B., of , being numbered on the Register of 
 
 Voters for the county [or borough] of , do hereby declare 
 that I am unable to read. 
 
 A. B., his mark. 
 
 day of 
 
 I, the undersigned, being the presiding officer for the 
 polling station for the county [or borough] of , do 
 
 hereby certify, that the above declaration, having been first read 
 to the above-named A. B., was signed by him in my presence 
 with his mark. 
 
 (Signed) C.D., 
 
 Presiding officer for polling station for the 
 
 county \_or borough] of 
 day of 
 
700 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 THIED SCHEDULE. 
 
 Provisions of Eegistration Acts referred to in Part III. of the 
 foregoing Act. 
 
 Session and 
 Chapter. 
 
 & 7 Viet, 
 c. 18. 
 
 Title. 
 
 Part applied. 
 
 As to England. 
 
 An Act to amend the law for the Sections eighty- five to 
 registration of persons entitled eighty-nine, both in- 
 to vote, and to define certain elusive, 
 rights of voting, and to re- 
 gulate certain proceedings in 
 the elections of members to 
 serve in Parliament for 
 England and Wales. 
 
 13 & 14 Viet, 
 c. 69. 
 
 As to Ireland. 
 An Act to amend the laws which Sections ninety -two to 
 
 regulate the qualification and 
 registration of parliamentary 
 voters in Ireland, and to alter 
 the law for rating immediate 
 lessors of premises to the poor 
 rate in certain boroughs. 
 
 ninety- six, both in- 
 clusive. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS (RETURNING 
 OFFICERS) ACT, 1875 (38 & 39 VICT. c. 84) (Z). 
 
 An Act to regulate the Expenses and to control the Charges of 
 Returning Officers at Parliamentary Elections. 
 
 [13th August, 1875.] 
 [Preamble.] 
 
 1. Construction of Act. The Ballot Act, 1872, as modified 
 by this Act, and this Act shall be construed as one Act. 
 
 This Act shall apply only to parliamentary elections (m). 
 
 2. Payments to returning officers. The returning officer at 
 an election shall be entitled to his reasonable charges, not exceed- 
 ing the sums mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act, in 
 respect of services and expenses of the several kinds mentioned 
 
 (I) Sects. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the above-mentioned Act and the schedules 
 thereto are repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act, except so far as 
 those sections and schedules apply to elections other than Parliamentary 
 elections. The Act was made permanent by sect. 3o of the present Act. 
 See p. 27^, supra. 
 
 (m) See preceding footnote, and see also sect. 75 (17), (18), (19) of the 
 Local Government Act, 1888, by which some of the provisions of the 
 Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act, 187<% are applied to 
 local government elections. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 187%. 701 
 
 in the said schedule, which have been properly rendered or 
 incurred by him for the purposes of the election. 
 
 The amount of such charges shall be paid by the candidates at 
 the election in equal several shares, or where there is only one 
 candidate, by such candidate. If a candidate is nominated with- 
 out his consent, the persons by whom his nomination is subscribed 
 shall be jointly and severally liable for the share of the charges 
 for which he would be liable if he were nominated with his 
 consent. 
 
 A returning officer shall not be entitled to payment for any 
 other services or expenses, or at any greater rates than as in the 
 said schedule mentioned, any law or usage to the contrary not- 
 withstanding (n}. 
 
 3. Returning officer may require deposit or security. The 
 returning officer, if he think fit, may, as herein-after provided, 
 require security to be given for the charges which may become 
 payable under the provisions of this ,Act in respect of any election. 
 
 The total amount of the security which may be required in 
 respect of all the candidates at an election shall not in any case 
 exceed the sums prescribed in the Third Schedule to this Act. 
 
 Where security is required by the returning officer it shall 
 be apportioned and given as follows; viz., 
 
 (1) At the end of the two hours appointed for the election the- 
 
 returning officer shall forthwith declare the number of 
 the candidates who then stand nominated, and shall, if 
 there be more candidates nominated than there are- 
 vacancies to be filled up, apportion equally among them 
 the total amount of the required security: 
 
 (2) Within one hour after the end of the two hours aforesaid., 
 
 security shall be given, by or in respect of each can- 
 didate then standing nominated, for the amount so- 
 apportioned to him: 
 
 (3) If in the case of any candidate security is not given or 
 
 tendered as herein mentioned, he shall be deemed to 
 be withdrawn within the provisions of the Ballot Act, 
 1872: 
 
 (4) A tender of security in respect of a candidate may be made 
 
 by any person: 
 
 (5) Security may be given by deposit of any legal tender or of 
 
 notes of any bank being commonly current in the county 
 or borough for which the election is held, or, with the 
 consent of the returning officer, in any other manner: 
 
 (6) The balance (if any) of a deposit beyond the amount to 
 
 which the returning officer is entitled'in respect of any 
 candidate shall be repaid to the person or persons by 
 whom the deposit was made (o). 
 
 4. The accounts of a returning officer may be taxed. Within 
 twenty-one days after the day on which the return is made of 
 the persons elected at the election, the returning officer shall 
 transmit to every candidate or other person from whom he claim? 
 
 () See note ()}, p. 700, supra. 
 (o] See note (;), p. 700, supm. 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 payment either out of any deposit or otherwise of any charges 
 in respect of the election, or to the agent for election expenses 
 of any such candidate, a detailed account showing the amounts 
 of all the charges claimed by the returning officer in respect of 
 the election, and the share thereof which he claims from the 
 person to whom the account is transmitted. He shall annex to 
 the account a notice of the place where the vouchers relating to 
 the account may be seen, and he shall at all reasonable times and 
 without charge allow the person from whom payment is 
 claimed, or any agent of such person, to inspect and take copies 
 of the vouchers. 
 
 The returning officer shall not be entitled to any charges which 
 are not duly included in his account. 
 
 If the person from whom payment is claimed objects to any 
 part of the claim, he may, at any time within fourteen days from 
 the time when the account is transmitted to him, apply to the 
 court as defined in this section for a taxation of the account, and 
 the court shall have jurisdiction to tax the account in such 
 manner and at such time and place as the court thinks fit, and 
 finally to determine the amount payable to the returning officer 
 and to give and enforce judgment for the same as if such judg- 
 ment were a judgment in an action in such court, and with or 
 without costs at the discretion of the court. 
 
 The court for the purposes of this Act shall be in the city of 
 London the Lord Mayor's Court, and elsewhere in England the 
 County Court, and in Ireland the Civil Bill Court, having juris- 
 diction at the place of nomination for the election to which the 
 proceedings relate. 
 
 The court may depute any of its powers or duties under this 
 Act to the registrar or other principal officer of the court. 
 
 Nothing in this section shall apply to the charge of the return- 
 ing officer for publication of accounts of election expenses (p}. 
 
 5. Claims against a returning officer. Every person having 
 any claim against a returning officer for work, labour, materials, 
 services, or expenses in respect of any contract made with him by 
 -or on behalf of the returning officer for the purposes of an elec- 
 tion, except for publication of accounts of election expenses, 
 shall, within fourteen days after the day on which the return is 
 made of the person or persons elected at the election, transmit 
 to the returning officer the detailed particulars of such claim in 
 writing, and the returning officer shall not be liable in respect of 
 .anything which is not duly stated in such particulars. 
 
 Where application is made for taxation of the accounts of a 
 returning officer, he may apply to the court as defined in this Act 
 to examine any claim transmitted to him by any person in pur- 
 suance of this section, and the court after notice given to such 
 person, and after hearing him, and any evidence tendered by 
 him, may allow or disallow, or reduce the claim objected to, with 
 or without costs, and the determination of the court shall be final 
 for all purposes, and as against all persons (g). 
 
 (p] See note (;), p. 700, supra. 
 (q) See note (>), p. 700, supra. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 703 
 
 6. Use of ballot boxes, &c. provided for municipal elections. 
 In any case to which the fourteenth section of the Ballot Act, 
 1872, is applicable, it shall be the duty of the returning officer, 
 .so far as is practicable, to make use of ballot boxes, fittings, 
 and compartments provided for municipal or school board elec- 
 tions, and the court, upon taxation of his accounts, shall have 
 regard to the provisions of this section. 
 
 7. Notices to be given by returning officers. There shall be 
 added to every notice of election to be published under the pro- 
 visions of the Ballot Act, 1872, the notification contained in the 
 Second Schedule to this Act with respect to claims against return- 
 ing officers (r). 
 
 8. Saving of the universities. Nothing in this Act shall apply 
 to an election for any university or combination of universities. 
 
 10. Short title. This Act may be cited for all purposes as 
 the " Parliamentary Elections (Eeturning Officers) Act, 1875." 
 
 11. Not to apply to Scotland. This Act shall not apply to 
 Scotland. 
 
 SCHEDULES (r). 
 
 FIEST SCHEDULE. 
 CHARGES OF RETURNING OFFICERS. 
 
 The following are the maximum charges to be made by the 
 returning officer, but the charges are in no case to exceed the 
 sums actually and necessarily paid or payable. 
 
 PART I. COUNTIES AND DISTRICT OR CONTRIBUTORY BOROUGHS. 
 
 This Part of this Schedule applies to an election for a county, 
 or for either of the boroughs of Aylesbury, Cricklade, Mon- 
 mouth, East Retford, Stroud, and New Shoreham, or for 
 any borough or burgh consisting of a combination of 
 separate boroughs, burghs, or towns. 
 
 For preparing and publishing the notice of 
 election. 
 
 For preparing and supplying the nomina- 
 tion papers. 
 
 For travelling to and from the place of 
 nomination, or of declaring the poll at 
 a contested election, per mile. 
 
 For hire or necessary fitting up of rooms or 
 buildings for polling, or damage or ex- 
 penses by or for use of such rooms or 
 buildings. 
 
 & s. d. 
 220 
 
 1 1 .0 
 1 
 
 The necessary expenses, 
 not exceeding at any 
 one polling station the 
 charge for constructing 
 and fitting a polling- 
 station. 
 
 (r) See note (m), p. 700, supra. 
 
'04 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE PART I. continued. 
 
 For constructing a polling station, with its | 
 fittings and compartments, in England, j 
 And in Ireland the sum or sums pay- j 
 able under the provisions of the 13th 
 and 14th Victoria, chap. G8, and 35th 
 and 36th Victoria, chap. 33. 
 In Ireland the returning officer shall 
 use a court house where one is avail- \ 
 able as a polling station, and his I 
 maximum charge for using and fit- j 
 ting the same shall in no case ex- 
 ceed three pounds three shillings. 
 For each ballot box required to be pur- 
 chased. 
 For the use of each ballot box, when hired. 
 
 For stationery at each polling station 
 
 For printing and providing ballot papers, 
 
 per thousand. 
 For each stamping instrument 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 10 
 
 10 
 
 For copies of the register The sums payable by 
 
 ! statute for the nece^- 
 
 For each presiding officer 
 
 For one clerk at each polling station where 
 not more than 500 voters are assigned to 
 such station. 
 
 For an additional clerk at a polling station 
 for every number of 500 voters, or frac- 
 tion thereof beyond the first 500 assigned 
 to such polling station. 
 
 For every person employed in counting 
 votes, not exceeding six such persons 
 where the number of registered electors 
 does not exceed 3,000, and one for every 
 additional 2,000 electors. 
 
 For making the return to the clerk of the 
 Grown. 
 
 For the preparation and publication of 
 notices (other than the notice of election) . 
 
 For conveyance of ballot boxes from the 
 polling stations to the place where the 
 ballot papers are to be counted, per mile. 
 
 For professional and other assistance in and 
 about the conduct of the election. 
 
 sary copies. 
 
 330 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 Not exceeding for the 
 whole of such notices 
 20^., and II. for every 
 additional 1,000 elec- 
 tors above 3,000. 
 010 
 
 In a contested election 
 not exceeding 25Z., and 
 an additional 31. for 
 every 1,000 registered 
 electors or fraction 
 thereof above 3,000 and 
 up to 10,000, and 27. for 
 every 1,000 or fraction 
 thereof above 10,000. 
 In an uncontested elec- 
 tion, one fifth of the 
 above sums. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 705 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE PART I. continued. 
 
 For travelling- expenses of presiding officers 
 and clerks, per mile. 
 
 For services and expenses in relation to 
 receiving- and publishing accounts of 
 election expenses, in respect of each can- 
 didate. 
 
 For all other expenses 
 
 s. d. 
 1 
 
 220 
 
 In a contested election, 
 not exceeding 10/., and 
 an additional II. for 
 every 1,000 electors or 
 fraction thereof above 
 1,000. In an uncon- 
 tested election, nil. 
 
 NOTE. Travelling expenses are not to be allowed in the case 
 of any person unless for distances exceeding two miles from the 
 place "at which he resides. 
 
 PART II. BOROUGHS. 
 
 This Part of the Schedule applies to all boroughs not included 
 in Part I. of this Schedule. 
 
 For preparing and publishing the notice of 
 election. 
 
 For preparing and supplying the nomina- 
 tion papers. 
 
 For hire or necessary fitting up of rooms 
 or buildings for polling, or damage or 
 expenses by or for use of such rooms or 
 buildings. 
 
 In England, for constructing a polling 
 station, with its fittings and compart- 
 ments, not exceeding two in number. 
 
 For each compartment required to be con- 
 structed, when more than two be used. 
 
 For the use of each compartment hired, 
 when more than two are used. 
 
 And in Ireland, in lieu of the charges 
 payable in respect of the foregoing last 
 three service?, the sum or sums payable 
 under the provisions of 13th and 14th 
 Victoria, chap. 68, and 35th and 36th 
 Victoria, chap. 33. 
 
 For each ballot box required to be pur- 
 chased. 
 
 For the use of each ballot box, when hired. 
 
 For stationery at each polling station 
 
 F. 
 
 s. d. 
 220 
 
 110 
 
 The necessary expense?, 
 not exceeding at any 
 one polling station the 
 charge for constructing 
 and fitting a polling 
 station. 
 
 770 
 
 110 
 050 
 
 1 1 
 
 050 
 10 
 
 45 
 
706 APPENDIX III. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE PART II. continued. 
 
 For printing and providing ballot papers, 
 per thousand. 
 
 For each stamping instrument 
 
 For copies of the register 
 
 For each presiding officer 
 
 For one clerk at each polling station where 
 not more than 500 voters are assigned 
 to such station. 
 
 For an additional clerk at a polling station 
 for every number of 500 voters, or frac- 
 tion thereof beyond the first 500 assigned 
 to such station. 
 
 For every person employed in counting 
 votes, not exceeding six such persons 
 where the number of registered electors I 
 does not exceed 3,000, and one for every ' 
 additional 2,000 electors. 
 
 For making the return to the clerk of the 
 Crown. 
 
 For the preparation and publication of 
 notices (other than the notice of election) . 
 
 &r professional and other assistance in and 
 about the conduct of the election. 
 
 For services and expenses in relation to ! 
 receiving and publishing accounts of i 
 election expenses, in respect of each can- I 
 didate. 
 
 For all other expenses 
 
 ,e x. <$. 
 i 10 o 
 
 10 
 
 The sums payable by 
 statute for the neces- 
 sary copies. 
 
 330 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 110 
 
 110 
 
 Not exceeding for the 
 whole of such notices 
 10/., and 17. for every 
 additional 1,000 elec- 
 tors above 1,000. 
 
 In a contested election, 
 not _ exceeding 20?., an 
 additional 11. for every 
 1,000 registered elec- 
 tors or fraction thereof 
 above 1,000 and up to 
 10,000, and 17. addi- 
 tional for every 1,000 
 or fraction thereof 
 above 10,000. In an un- 
 contested election one 
 fifth of the above sum. 
 1 1 
 
 Not exceeding 10/., and 
 an additional 17. for 
 every 1,000 electors 
 above the first 1,000. 
 
 NOTE to PARTS I. and II. of SCHEDULE I. The above sums 
 are the aggregate charges, the amount of which is to be appor- 
 tioned among the several candidates or other persons liable for 
 the same. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT, 1875. 707 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE O). 
 
 1. NOTIFICATION TO BE ADDED TO THE NOTICE OF ELECTION. 
 Take notice, that by the Parliamentary Elections (Returning 
 Officers) Act, 1875, it is provided that every person having any 
 claim against a returning officer for work, labour, materials, 
 services, or expenses in respect of any contract made with him 
 l)y or on behalf of the returning officer, for the purposes of an 
 election (except for publications of account of election expenses), 
 shall, within fourteen days after the day on which the return is 
 made of the person or persons elected at the election, transmit 
 to the returning officer the detailed particulars of such claim 
 in writing, and the returning officer shall not be liable in respect 
 of anything which is not duly stated in such particulars. 
 
 THIRD SCHEDULE O). 
 
 MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SECURITY WHICH MAY BE REQUIRED BY A 
 RETURNING OFFICER. 
 
 Where the registered electors do not exceed 
 
 1,000. 
 Wliere the registered electors exceed 1,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 2,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 2,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 4,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 4,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 7,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 7,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 10,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 10,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 15,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 15,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 20,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 20,000 but 
 
 do not exceed 30,000. 
 Where the registered electors exceed 30,000.... 
 
 County or 
 
 District of 
 
 Contributory 
 
 Borous-h. 
 
 150 
 200 
 275 
 400 
 550 
 700 
 800 
 900 
 1,000 
 
 Borough. 
 
 e 
 100 
 
 150 
 200 
 250 
 300 
 450 
 500 
 600 
 700 
 
 If at the end of the two hours appointed for the election, not 
 more candidates stand nominated than there are vacancies to 
 be filled up, the maximum amount which may be required is 
 one fifth of the maximum according to the above scale. 
 
 (m) See note (*), p. 700, supra. 
 
 45(2) 
 
708 APPENDIX III. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS, RETURNING 
 OFFICERS EXPENSES (SCOTLAND) ACT, 
 
 1878 (41 & 42 VICT. c. 41) (w). 
 
 An Act to enable Returning Officers at Parliamentary Elections 
 
 in Scotland to require Security for their Expenses; and 
 
 otherwise to amend the Law of Scotland relating to such 
 
 Expenses. [8th August, 1878.] 
 
 [Preamble. J 
 
 1. Short title and construction of Act. This Act may be cited 
 for all purposes as the Parliamentary Elections, Returning 
 Officers Expenses (Scotland) Act, 1878, and the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 as modified by this Act, and this Act shall be construed as one 
 Act. 
 
 2. Extent of Act. This Act shall extend to Scotland only, 
 and only to parliamentary elections. 
 
 3. [Repealed by sect. 47 (1) of the present Act(o}.~\ 
 
 4. Use of ballot boxes, &c. provided for municipal elections. 
 In any case to which the fourteenth section of the Ballot Act, 
 1872, is applicable, it shall be the duty of the returning officer, 
 so far as is practicable, to make use of ballot boxes, fittings, 
 and compartments provided for municipal or school board elec- 
 tions, and the court, upon taxation of his accounts, shall have 
 regard to the provisions of this section. 
 
 5. Saving of the universities. Nothing in this Act shall apply 
 to an election for any university or combination of universities. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND 
 CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1880 (43 
 VICT. c. 18)(/?). 
 
 An Act to amend the Law relating to the Conveyance of Voters 
 to the Poll, and to continue the Acts relating to the Pre- 
 vention of Corrupt Practices at Parliamentary Elections and 
 the Acts relating to Election Petitions. 
 
 [24th March, 1880.] 
 [Preamble.] 
 
 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Parliamentary 
 Elections and Corrupt Practices Act, 1880. 
 
 2. Repeal of s. 36 of 30 & 31 Viet. c. 102, as to payment of 
 expenses of conveyance of voters. The thirty-sixth section of 
 the [Representation of the PeopH Act, 1867, shall be repealed so 
 far as concerns the conveyance of voters within any borough. 
 
 (n) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the Representation of 
 the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. 
 
 (o) See pp. 337, 397, supra. 
 
 (p) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the Representation of 
 the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. 
 
CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1880. 
 
 '09 
 
 3. Amendment of law as to parliamentary elections in Scot- 
 land. In all elections whatever of a member or members to 
 serve in Parliament for any county, division of a county, or for 
 any city or burgh, or district of burghs, in Scotland, no inquiry 
 shall be permitted at the time of polling as to the right of any 
 person to vote, except only as follows; (that is to say,) that the 
 presiding officer or clerk appointed by the returning officer to 
 attend at a polling station shall, if required on behalf of any 
 candidate, put to any voter at the time of his tendering his vote, 
 and not afterwards, the following questions, or either of them: 
 
 1. Are you the same person whose name appears as A. B. 
 
 on the register of voters now in force for the county 
 of [or for the division of the county 
 
 of ], or for the city [or burgh] of , or for 
 
 the district of burghs [as the case may &e]? 
 
 2. Have you already voted, either here or elsewhere, at this 
 
 election for the county of [or for the 
 
 division of the county of ], or for the city [or 
 
 burgh] of , or for the "district of burghs 
 
 [as the case f may be~]? 
 
 And if any person shall wilfully make a false answer to either 
 of the questions aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a crime 
 and offence within the meaning of the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 4. Continuance of Acts. This Act and the Acts mentioned 
 in the Schedule to this Act, so far as they are unrepealed, shall 
 continue in force until the thirty-first day of December one 
 thousand eight hundred and eighty-one, and any enactments 
 amending or affecting the enactments continued by this Act shall, 
 in so far as they are temporary in their duration, be continued 
 in like manner. 
 
 SCHEDULE . 
 
 ACTS KEFEKEED TO. 
 
 Session and Chapter. 
 
 Title. 
 
 The Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854. 
 
 An Act to continue and amend the Corrupt 
 
 17 & 18 Viet. c. 102. 
 
 21 & 22 Viet. c. 87. 
 
 Practices Prevention Act, 1854. 
 26 & 27 Viet. c. 29. ] An Act to amend and continue the Law relating 
 
 to Corrupt Practices at Elections of Members 
 
 of Parliament. 
 31 & 32 Viet. c. 125. The Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868. 
 
 32 & 33 Viet. c. 21. 
 34 & 35 Viet. c. 61. 
 42 & 43 Viet. c. 7.5. 
 
 The Corrupt Practices Commission Expenses Act, 
 
 1869. 
 The Election Commissioners Expenses Act, 1871. 
 
 The Parliamentary Elections and Corrupt Practices 
 Act, 1879. 
 
710 APPENDIX III. 
 
 COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEACTICES PEE- 
 VENTION ACT, 1883 (45 & 46 VICT. c. 51) (p). 
 
 An Act for the better prevention of Corrupt and Illegal 
 Practices at Parliamentary Elections. 
 
 [25th August, 1883.] 
 [Pr earn ble.] 
 
 COBBUPT PRACTICES. 
 
 1. What is treating (<?). 
 
 2. What is undue influence (r). 
 
 3. What is corrupt practice. The expression " corrupt prac- 
 tice " as used in this Act means any of the following offences; 
 namely, treating and undue influence, as denned by this Act, 
 and bribery, and personation, as denned by the enactments set 
 forth in Part III. of the Third Schedule to this Act, and aiding, 
 abetting, counselling, and procuring the commission of the offence 
 of {personation, and every offence which is a corrupt practice 
 within the meaning of this Act shall be a corrupt practice within 
 the meaning of the Parliamentary Elections Act, 1868. 
 
 4. Punishment of candidate found, on election petition, guilty 
 personally of corrupt practices. Where upon the trial of an 
 election petition respecting an election for a county or borough 
 the election court, by the report made to the Speaker in pur- 
 suance of section eleven of the Parliamentary Elections Act, 
 1868, reports that any corrupt practice other than treating or 
 undue influence has been proved to have been committed in 
 reference to such election by or with the knowledge and consent 
 of any candidate at such election, or that the offence of treating 
 or undue influence has been proved to have been committed in 
 reference to such election by any candidate at such election, 
 that candidate shall not be capable of ever being elected to 
 or sitting in the House of Commons for the said county or 
 borough, and if he has been elected, his election shall be void; 
 and he shall further be subject to the same incapacities as if at 
 the date of the said report he had been convicted on an indict- 
 ment of a corrupt practice. 
 
 5. Punishment of candidate found, on election petition, guilty 
 by agents of corrupt practices. Upon the trial of an election 
 petition respecting an election for a county or borough, in which 
 a charge is made of any corrupt practice having been committed 
 in reference to such election, the election court shall report in 
 writing to the Speaker whether any of the candidates at such 
 election has been guilty by his agents of any corrupt practice 
 in reference to such election; and if the report is that any 
 candidate at such election has been guilty by his agents of any 
 
 (p) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the Bepresentation of 
 the People Act, 1918. See p. 278, supra. 
 
 (#) The definition of treating given in this section is set out on pp. 291 
 292, supra. 
 
 (>) The definition of undue influence given in this section is set out on. 
 p. 292, supra. 
 
CQKRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 711 
 
 corrupt practice in reference to such election, that candidate shall 
 not be capable of being elected to or sitting in the House of 
 Commons for such county or borough for seven years after the 
 date of the report, and if he has been elected his election shall 
 be void. 
 
 6. Punishment of person convicted on indictment of corrupt 
 practices (#). 
 
 ILLEGAL PRACTICES (u). 
 [Sects. 712.] 
 
 12. Extension of 15 & 16 Viet. c. 57, respecting electio'n 
 commissioners to illegal practices . 
 
 ILLEGAL PAYMENT, EMPLOYMENT, AND HIRING (#). 
 [Sects. 1321.] 
 
 EXCUSE AND EXCEPTION FOR CORRUPT OR ILLEGAL PRACTICE on 
 ILLEGAL PAYMENT, EMPLOYMENT, OR HIRING (y}. 
 
 22. Report exonerating candidate in certain cases of corrupt 
 and illegal \practice by agents (2) . 
 
 23. Power of High Court and election court to except innocent 
 act from being illegal practice (a]. 
 
 ELECTION EXPENSES. 
 [Sects. 2435.] 
 
 24. Nomination of election agent. (1) On or before the day 
 of nomination at an election, a person shall be named by or on 
 behalf of each candidate as his agent for such election (in this 
 Act referred to as the election agent). 
 
 (2) A candidate may name himself as election agent, and 
 thereupon shall, so far as circumstances admit, be subject to 
 the provisions of this Act both as a candidate and as an election 
 agent, and any reference in this Act to an election agent shall 
 be construed to refer to the candidate acting in his capacity 
 of election agent. 
 
 (3) On or before the clay of nomination the name and address 
 of the election agent of each candidate shall be declared in 
 writing by the candidate or some other person on his behalf 
 to the returning officer, and the returning officer shall forthwith 
 give public notice of the name and address of every election 
 agent so declared. 
 
 (4) One election agent only shall be appointed for each can- 
 didate, but the appointment, whether the election agent appointed 
 
 t] See pp. 27427"), supra, where sect. 6 (1), (3), (4), are set out, and 
 pp. 287. 288. where the effect of sect. 6 (2) is given. 
 if Fur a list of these, see pp. 294 299, supra. 
 
 (x) As to what constitutes illegal payment, employment, and hiring- 
 respectively, see pp. 299300, 300301, and 301302, supra, respectively' 
 (7/1 As to this, see the Author's " Law of Parliamentary Elections and 
 Election Petitions," 2nd ed., pp. 178187. 
 {z} Ititl. p. 178181. 
 (a Mid. p. 181187. 
 
712 APPENDIX III. 
 
 be the candidate himself or not, may be revoked, and in the event 
 of such revocation or his death, whether such event is before, 
 during, or after the election, then forthwith another election 
 agent shall be appointed, and his name and address declared in 
 writing to the returning officer, who shall forthwith give public 
 notice of the same. 
 
 25. Nomination of deputy election agent as sub-agent. 
 
 26. Office of election agent and sub-agent. 
 
 27. Malting of contracts through election agent. 
 
 28. Payment of expenses through election agent. 
 
 29. Period for sending in claims and making payments for 
 election expenses. 
 
 30. Reference to taxation of claim against candidates. 
 
 31. Personal expenses of candidate and petty expenses. 
 (1) The candidate at an election may pay any personal expenses 
 incurred by him on account of or in connexion with or incidental 
 to such election to an amount not exceeding one hundred pounds, 
 but any further personal expenses so incurred by him shall be 
 paid by his election agent. 
 
 (2) The candidate shall send to the election agent within the 
 time limited by this Act for sending in claims a written state- 
 ment of the amount of personal expenses paid as aforesaid by 
 such candidate. 
 
 (3) Any person may, if so authorised in writing by the election 
 agent of the candidate, pay any necessary expenses for stationery, 
 postage, -telegrams, and other petty expenses, to a total amount- 
 not exceeding that named in the authority, but any excess above 
 the total amount so named shall be paid by the election agent. 
 
 (4) A statement of the particulars of payments made by any 
 person so authorised shall be sent to the election agent within 
 the time limited by this Act for the sending in of claims, and 
 shall be vouched for by a bill containing the receipt of that 
 person . 
 
 32. Remuneration of election agent . . . . (1) So far as cir- 
 cumstances admit, this Act shall apply to a claim for his remu- 
 neration by an election agent and to the payment thereof in like 
 manner as if he were any other creditor, and if any difference 
 arises respecting the amount of such claim the claim shall be a 
 disputed claim within the meaning of this Act, and be dealt 
 with accordingly. 
 
 (2) ... ($. 
 
 33. Return and declaration (c) respecting election ex- 
 penses (d) . 
 
 34. Authorised excuse for non-compliance ivith provisions as 
 to return and declaration respecting election expenses. 
 
 35. Publication of summary of return of election expenses (d). 
 
 (b) Repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337. /;:r, and 
 p. 398. supra. 
 
 (c) The effect of part of this section is given on p. 264, iwprct. 
 
 (d) As to repeal of part of this section by Ihe present Art, see i-eet. 
 47 (1), p. 337, wpra, and p. 398, supra. 
 
CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 713 
 
 DISQUALIFICATION OF ELECTORS. 
 
 36. Prohibition of persons guilty of corrupt or illegal prac- 
 tices, &c. from voting. Every person guilty of a corrupt or 
 illegal practice or of illegal employment, payment, or hiring at 
 an election is prohibited from voting at such election, and if any 
 such person votes his vote shall be void. 
 
 37. Prohibition of disqualified persons from voting. Every 
 person who, in consequence of conviction or of the report of any 
 election court or election commissioners under this Act, or under 
 the Corrupt Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872, or under 
 Part IV. of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, or under any 
 other Act for the time being in force relating to corrupt practices 
 at an election for any public office, has become incapable of voting 
 at any election, whether a parliamentary election or an election 
 to any public office, is prohibited from voting at any such election, 
 and his vote shall be void. 
 
 38. Hearing of person before he is reported guilty of corrupt 
 or illegal practice, and incapacity of person reported guilty (e). 
 
 39. List in register of voters of persons incapacitated for 
 voting by corrupt or illegal practices. (1) The registration 
 officer in every county and borough .shall annually make out a 
 list [containing the names and description of all persons who, 
 though otherwise qualified to vote at a parliamentary election 
 for such county or borough respectively, are not capable of 
 voting by reason of having after the commencement of this Act 
 been found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice on conviction 
 or by the report of any election court or election commissioners 
 whether under this Act, or under Part IV. of the Municipal Cor- 
 porations Act, 1882, or under any other Act for the time being in 
 force relating to a parliamentary election or an election to any 
 public office; and such officer shall state in the list (in this Act 
 referred to as the corrupt and illegal practices list), the offence 
 of which each person has been found guilty. 
 
 (2) Por the purpose of making out such list he shall examine 
 the report of any election court or election commissioners who 
 have respectively tried an election petition or inquired into an 
 election where the election (whether a parliamentary election or 
 an election to any public office) was held in any of the following 
 places; that is to say, 
 
 (a) if he is the registration officer of a county, in that county, 
 
 or in any borough in that county; and 
 
 (b) if he is the registration officer of a borough, in the county 
 
 in which such borough is situate, or in any borough in 
 that countjr. 
 
 (3) (/).-. 
 
 (4) Any person named in the corrupt and illegal practices list 
 may claim to have his name omitted therefrom, ana any person 
 entitled to object to any list of voters for the county or "borough 
 may object to the omission of the name of any person from such 
 list. Such claims and objections shall be sent in within the 
 same time and be dealt with in like manner, and any such objec- 
 
 (e) For the effect of part of sub- Beet. (5) of this section, see p. 7, mpi'f. 
 (/) This sub-section is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1 ;, 
 p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. 
 
714 APPENDIX III. 
 
 tion shall bo served on the person referred to therein in liko 
 manner, as nearly as circumstances admit, as other claims and 
 objections under the enactments relating to the registration of 
 parliamentary electors. 
 
 ***** 
 
 (8) The corrupt and illegal practices list shall be appended to 
 the register of electors, and shall be printed and published there- 
 with wherever the same is printed or published. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS ON ELECTION PETITION. 
 [Sects. 4044.] 
 
 40. Time for presentation of election petitions alleging illegal 
 practice. 
 
 41. Withdrawal of election petition. 
 
 42. Continuation of trial of election petition. 
 
 43. Attendance of Director of public prosecutions on trial 
 of election petition, and prosecution by him of offenders. 
 
 44. Power to election court to order payment by county or 
 borough or individual of costs of election petition. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 46. Removal of incapacity on proof that it was procured by 
 perjury. 
 
 47. K) V- : 
 
 48. Conveyance of voters by sea in certain cases. 
 
 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 50. Trial in Central Criminal Court of indictment for corrupt 
 practice at instance of Attorney-General. 
 
 51. Limitation of time for prosecution of offence. 
 
 52. Persons charged with corrupt practice may be found guilty 
 of illegal practice. 
 
 54. Prosecution on summary conviction, and appeal to quarter 
 sessions. (1) All offences under this Act punishable on sum- 
 mary conviction may be prosecuted in manner provided by the 
 Summary Jurisdiction Acts. 
 
 (2) A person aggrieved by a conviction by a court of summary 
 jurisdiction for an offence under this Act may appeal to general 
 or quarter sessions against such conviction. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS, SAVINGS, AND REPEAL. 
 
 59. Obligation of witness to answer, and certificate of 
 indemnity. 
 
 61. Breach of duty by, officer. (1) Section eleven of the Ballot 
 Act, 1872, shall apply to a returning officer or presiding officer 
 01* iclcrk who is guilty of any wilful misfeasance or wilful act 
 or omission in contravention of this Act in like manner as if the 
 same were in contravention of the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 (2) Section ninety-seven of the Parliamentary Registration 
 Act, 1843, shall apply to every registration officer who is guilty 
 of any wilful misfeasance or wilful act of commission or omission 
 
 (gr) This section is repealed by the present Act. See sect. 47 (1), 
 p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. 
 
CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, 1883. 715 
 
 contrary to this Act in like manner as if the same were contrary 
 to the Parliamentary Kegistration Act, 1843. 
 
 62. Publication and service of notices. 
 
 63. Definition of candidate, and saving for persons nominated 
 without consent. (1) In the Corrupt Practices Prevention Acts, 
 as amended by this Act, the expression u candidate at an elec- 
 tion ' and the expression " candidate " respectively mean, unless 
 the context otherwise requires, any person elected to serve in 
 Parliament at such election, and any person who is nominated 
 as a candidate at such election, or is declared by himself or by 
 others to be a candidate, on or after the day of the issue of the 
 writ for such election, or after the dissolution or vacancy in 
 consequence of which such writ has been issued; 
 
 (2) Provided that where a person has been nominated as a 
 candidate or declared to be a candidate by others, then 
 
 (a) If he was so nominated or declared without his consent, 
 
 nothing in this Act shall be construed to impose any 
 liability on such person, unless he has afterwards given 
 his assent to such nomination or declaration or has been 
 elected; and 
 
 (b) If he was so nominated or declared, either without his 
 
 consent or in his absence and he takes no part in the 
 election, he may, if he thinks fit, make the declaration 
 respecting election expenses contained in the second part 
 of the Second Schedule to this Act, and the election agent 
 shall, so far as circumstances admit, comply with the 
 provisions of this Act with respect to expenses incurred 
 on account of or in respect of the conduct or manage- 
 ment of the election in like manner as if the candidate 
 had been nominated or declared with his consent. 
 
 64. Genera! interpretation of terms (h}. 
 
 APPLICATION OF ACT TO SCOTLAND. 
 
 68 (/O- This Act shall apply to Scotland, with the following 
 modifications: 
 
 ***** 
 
 The expression >; Summary Jurisdiction Acts " shall mean the 
 Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts 1864 and 1881 and 
 any Acts amending the same. 
 
 (4) The jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice under this 
 Act shall, in Scotland, be exercised by one of the Divisions of the 
 Court of Session, or by a judge of the said court to whom the 
 same may be remitted by such division, and subject to an appeal 
 thereto, and the Court of Session shall have power to make Acts 
 of seder unt for the purposes of this Act. 
 
 (6) All offences under this Act punishable on summary convic- 
 tion may be prosecuted in the sheriff court in manner provided 
 by tht.- Summary Jurisdiction Acts, and all necessary jurisdictions 
 are hereby conferred on sheriffs. 
 
 (/<) As to repeal of part of this section, by present 
 p. 337, supra, and p. 398, xvpra. 
 
 Act, see sect. 47 1), 
 
716 APPENDIX III. 
 
 (7) The authority given by this Act to the Director of public 
 prosecutions in England shall in Scotland be exercised by Her 
 Majesty's advocate, and the reference to the Prosecution of 
 Offences Act, 1879, shall not apply. 
 
 APPLICATION OF ACT TO IRELAND. 
 
 69. Application of Act to Ireland. This Act shall apply to 
 Ireland, with the following modifications: 
 
 ***** 
 
 (2) The expression " Summary Jurisdiction Acts " means, with 
 
 reference to the Dublin Metropolitan Police District, the 
 Acts regulating the powers and duties of justices of the 
 peace and of the police in such district; and with 
 reference to other parts of Ireland means the Petty 
 Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851, and any Acts amending 
 the said Act. 
 
 (3) Section one hundred and three of the Act of the session 
 
 of the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of 
 Her present Majesty, chapter sixty-nine, shall be sub- 
 stituted for section ninety-seven of the Parliamentary 
 Registration Act, 1843, where reference is made to that 
 section in this Act. 
 
 (4) The provision with respect to the registration officer send- 
 
 ing the corrupt and illegal practices list to overseers and 
 the dealing with such list by overseers shall not apply, 
 and in lieu thereof it is hereby enacted that the regis- 
 tration officer shall, after making out such list, himself 
 publish the same(i). 
 
 (5) The Supreme Court of Judicature in Ireland shall be sub- 
 
 stituted for the Supreme Court of Judicature. 
 
 (6) The High Court of Justice in Ireland shall be substituted 
 
 for the High Court of Justice in England. 
 (8) The Attorney-General for Ireland shall be substituted for 
 the Director of Public Prosecutions, and the reference 
 to the Prosecution of the Offences Act, 1879, shall not 
 
 10) Any reference to Part IV. of the Municipal Corporations 
 Act, 1882, shall be construed to refer to the Corrupt 
 Practices (Municipal Elections) Act, 1872. 
 
 SCHEDULES. 
 
 EIRST SCHEDULE (0- 
 
 (i) For repeal in this sub-section, see sect. 47 (1) of the present Act, 
 p. 337, supra, and p. 398, supra. 
 
 (k) This sub-section is repealed by present Act. See sect. 47 (1), p. 337, 
 supra, and p. 398, supra. 
 
 (1} This schedule, with the substitutions and alterations in Parts IV. 
 and V. introduced by sect. 33 (1) of the Representation of the People 
 Act, 1918, is set out on pp. 224230, supra. 
 
LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896. 717 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 FORMS OF DECLARATIONS AS TO EXPENSES (ra). 
 
 THIRD SCHEDULE. 
 
 *****; 
 
 PART THREE. 
 
 ENACTMENTS DEFINING THE OFFENCES OF BRIBERY (n) AND 
 PERSONATION (o). 
 
 The Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854, 17 & 18 Viet. c. 102, 
 
 ss. 2, 3O). 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896 
 (59 VICT. c. !)(. 
 
 An Act to continue temporarily certain Powers for the Removal 
 of Difficulties at Elections under the Local Government 
 Act, 1894. [6th March, 1896.] 
 
 [Preamble.^ 
 
 1. Power of county council to remove difficulties. (1) If any 
 difficulty arises with respect to any election of parish or district 
 councillors or of guardians, or to the first meeting after any 
 ordinary election of such councillors or guardians, or if, from 
 an election not being held, or being defective, or otherwise, 
 the council or board has not been properly constituted, the county 
 council may by order make any appointment or do anything 
 which appears to them necessary or expedient for the proper 
 holding of any such election or meeting, and properly consti- 
 tuting the council or board, and may, if it appears to them neces- 
 sary, direct the holding of an election or meeting, and fix the 
 dates for any such election or meeting. 
 
 (2) Any such order may modify the provisions of the Local 
 Government Act, 1894, and the enactments applied by, or rules 
 framed under, that Act, so far as may appear to the county 
 council necessary or expedient for carrying the order into effect. 
 
 (3) A county council may delegate their powers under this 
 section to a committee. 
 
 3. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Local Govern- 
 ment (Elections) Act, 1896. 
 
 // As to these, see the Author's "Law of Parliamentary Elections 
 and Election Petitions," 2nd ed., pp. 136139, 339342. 
 
 () For definition of bribery, see pp. 289 291, supra. 
 
 (0} For definition of personation, see pp. 287 289, supra. 
 
 (p] The provisions of these sections are set out on pp. 289 291, supra. 
 
 (q) This Act was made permanent by sect. 35 of the present Act.. 
 See p. 278, supra. 
 
718 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 DRAFT RULES AS TO PROPORTIONAL 
 REPRESENTATION. 
 
 COPY OF DRAFT EULES (a) PBE8CEIBING THE 
 METHOD OF VOTING AND TRANSFER- 
 RING AND COUNTING VOTES AT ANY 
 ELECTION ACCORDING TO THE PRIN- 
 CIPLE OF THE SINGLE TRANSFERABLE 
 VOTE. 
 [Cd. 8768.] 
 
 I. PARLIAMENT AEY ELECTIONS (SINGLE 
 TRANSFERABLE VOTE) RULES. 
 
 [NOTE. These rules have been drawn in a general form in 
 -order to show the principles to be followed. They will require 
 modification if the single transferable vote is only to be used at 
 university elections. ,] 
 
 1. Conduct of election. At a parliamentary 'election, where 
 there are two or more members to be elected, any election of the 
 full number of members shall be conducted in accordance with 
 the following rules, as illustrated in the First Schedule thereto. 
 
 2. Method of voting. (1) Every elector shall have one vote 
 only. 
 
 (2) An elector in giving his vote 
 
 (a) must place on his ballot paper the figure 1 in the square 
 
 opposite the name of the candidate for whom he votes ; 
 
 (b) may in addition place on his ballot paper the figure 2 or 
 
 the figures 2 and 3, or 2, 3, and 4, and so on in the 
 squares opposite the names of other candidates in the 
 order of his preference. 
 
 3. The forms contained in the Second Schedule to these rules 
 shall be substituted for the forms of front of ballot paper and 
 of directions for the guidance of the voter container! in the 
 Second Schedule to the Ballot Act, 1872. 
 
 (a) These Draft Rules (Parliamentary Paper Cd. 8768) were presented 
 to Parliament by Command of His Majesty in 1917, and although they 
 were not made the subject of an Order in Council, they are valuable as 
 explaining the working of the system of Proportional Representation. 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 719 
 
 4. Invalid ballot papers. A ballot paper shall be invalid on 
 which 
 
 (a) the figure 1 is not marked; or 
 
 (b) the figure 1 is set opposite the name of more than one 
 
 candidate ; or 
 
 (c) the figure 1 and some other figure is set opposite the 
 
 name of the same candidate; or 
 
 (d) any mark is made not authorised by the Ballot Act, 1872, 
 
 as modified by this Act. 
 
 4A. Arrangement of ballot papers. After the ballot papers 
 have been mixed, in accordance with the rules contained in the 
 First Schedule of the Ballot Act, 1872, the returning officer 
 shall examine the ballot papers and, after rejecting any that are 
 invalid, shall arrange the remainder in parcels according to the 
 first preferences recorded for each candidate. 
 
 5. Counting of votes. The returning officer shall then count 
 the number of papers in each parcel, and credit each candidate 
 with one vote in respect of each valid paper on which a first pre- 
 ference has been recorded for him, and he shall ascertain the total 
 number of valid papers. 
 
 6. Ascertainment of quota. The returning officer shall then 
 divide the total number of valid papers by a number exceeding 
 by one the number of vacancies to be filled, and the result in- 
 <'ivtised by one, disregarding any fractional remainder, shall be 
 the number of votes sufficient to secure the return of a candidate 
 (hereinafter called the "quota"). 
 
 7. Candidates with quota elected. If at any time the number 
 of votes credited to a candidate is equal to or greater than the 
 quota, that candidate shall be declared elected. 
 
 8. Transfer of surplus. (1) If at any time the number of 
 votes credited to a candidate is greater than the quota, the surplus 
 shall bo transferred in accordance with the provisions of this 
 rule to the continuing candidates indicated on the ballot papers 
 in the parcel of the elected candidate as being next in order of the 
 voters' preference. 
 
 (2) (a) If the votes credited to an elected candidate consist of 
 original votes only, the returning officer shall examine all the 
 papers in the parcel of the elected candidate whose surplus is to 
 br> transferred and shall arrange the transferable papers in sub- 
 parcels according to the next preferences recorded thereon. 
 
 (b) If the votes credited to an elected candidate consist of 
 original and transferred votes, or of transferred votes only, the 
 returning officer shall examine the papers contained in the sub- 
 parcel last received by the elected candidate and shall arrange 
 the transferable papers therein in further sub-parcels according 1 
 to the next preferences recorded thereon. 
 
 (c) In either case the returning officer shall make a separate 
 sub-parcel of the non-transferable papers and shajl ascertain 
 the number of papers in each sub-parcel of transferable papers 
 and in the sub-parcel of non- transferable papers. 
 
 (3) If the total number of papers in the sub-parcels of trans- 
 ferable papers is equal to or less than the surplus, the returning 
 officer shall transfer each sub-parcel of transferable paper? to 
 
720 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 the continuing candidate indicated thereon as the voters' next 
 preference. 
 
 (4) (a) If the total number of transferable papers is greater 
 than the surplus, the returning officer shall transfer from each 
 sub-parcel the number of papers which bears the same proportion 
 to the number of papers in the sub-parcel as the surplus bears to 
 the total number of transferable papers. 
 
 (b) The number of papers to be transferred from each sub- 
 parcel shall be ascertained by multiplying the number of papers 
 in the sub-parcel by the surplus and dividing the result by the 
 total number of transferable papers. A note shall be made of the 
 fractional parts, if any, of each number so ascertained. 
 
 (c) If, owing to the existence of such fractional parts, the 
 number of papers to be transferred is less than the surplus so 
 many of these fractional parts taken in the order of their magni- 
 tude, beginning with the largest, as are necessary to make the 
 total number of papers to be transferred equal to the surplus, 
 shall be reckoned as of the value of unity, and the remaining 
 fractional parts shall be ignored. 
 
 (d) The particular papers to be transferred from each sub- 
 parcel shall be those last filed in the sub-parcel. 
 
 (e) Each paper transferred shall be marked in such a manner 
 as to indicate the candidate from and to whom the transfer is 
 made . 
 
 (5) (a) If more than one candidate has a surplus, the largest 
 surplus shall be first dealt with. 
 
 (b) If two or more candidates have each the same surplus, 
 regard shall be had to the number of original votes obtained by 
 each candidate, and the surplus of the candidate credited with 
 the largest number of original votes shall be first dealt with, and, 
 if the numbers of the original votes are equal, the returning 
 officer shall decide which surplus he will first deal with. 
 
 (c) The returning officer need not transfer the surplus of an 
 elected candidate when that surplus together with any other 
 surplus not transferred does not exoeed the difference between 
 the totals of the votes credited to the two continuing candidates 
 lowest on the poll. 
 
 9. Exclusion of candidates lowest on the pvll (1) If at any 
 time no candidate has a surplus (or when under the preceding 
 rule any existing surplus need not be transferred), and one or 
 more vacancies remain unfilled, the returning officer shall exclude 
 from the poll the candidate credited with the lowest number of 
 votes, and shall examine all the papers of that candidate> and 
 shall arrange the transferable papers in sub-parcels according 
 to the next preferences recorded thereon for continuing can- 
 didates, and shall transfer each sub-parcel to the candidate for 
 whom that preference is recorded. 
 
 (2) If the total of the votes of the two or more candidates 
 lowest on the poll, together with any surplus votes not trans- 
 ferred, is less than the votes credited to the next highest can- 
 didate, the returning officer may in one operation exclude those 
 candidates from the poll and transfer their votes in accordance 
 with the preceding regulation. 
 
 (3) If, when a candidate has to be excluded under this rule,. 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 721 
 
 two or more candidates have each the same number of votes and 
 are lowest on the poll, regard shall be had to the number of 
 original votevS credited to each of those candidates, and the can- 
 didate with fewest original votes shall be excluded, and, where 
 the numbers of the original votos are equal, regard shall bt* 
 had to the total number of votes credited to those candidates 
 at the first transfer at which they had an unequal number of 
 votes, and the candidate with the lowest number of votes at that 
 transfer shall be excluded, and, where the numbers of votes 
 credited to those candidates were equal at all transfers, the 
 returning officer shall decide which shall be excluded. 
 
 10. Disposal of papers after any transfer. (1) Whenever any 
 transfer is made under any of the preceding rules, each sub- 
 parcel of papers transferred shall be added to the parcel, if any, 
 of papers of the candidate to whom the transfer is made, and that 
 candidate shall be credited with one vote in respect of each 
 paper transferred. Such papers as are not transferred shall be/ 
 set aside as finally dealt with, and the votes given thereon shall 
 thenceforth not be taken into account. 
 
 (2) If after any transfer a candidate has a surplus, that 
 surplus shall- be dealt with in accordance with and subject to the- 
 provisions contained in Rule 5 before any other candidate is 
 excluded . 
 
 11. Filling the last vacancies. (1) When the number of con- 
 tinuing candidates is reduced to the number of vacancies remain- 
 ing unfilled, the continuing candidates shall be declared elected. 
 
 (2) When only one vacancy remains unfilled, and the votos 
 of some one continuing candidate exceed the total of all the votes 
 of the other continuing candidates, together with any surplus 
 not transferred, that candidate shall be declared elected. 
 
 (3) When the last vacancies can be filled under this rule, no 
 further transfer of votes need be made. 
 
 12. Public notice of the result o/ 'the election. The returning 
 officer shall record and give public notice of any transfer of! 
 votes made under these rules, and of the total number of votes 
 credited to each candidate after any such transfer, in addition 
 to the particulars prescribed by Rule 45 to the First Schedule 
 to the Ballot Act, 1872. Such public notice may be in accordance 
 with the form given in the appendix to these rules. 
 
 13. Provision for recount*.. (1) Any candidate or his agent 
 may, at any time during the counting of the votes, either before 
 the" commencement or after the completion of any transfer of 
 votes (whether surplus or otherwise), request the returning officer 
 to re-examine and recount the papers of all or any candidates (not 
 being papers set aside at any previous transfer as finally dealt 
 with), and the returning officer shall forthwith re-examine and 
 recount the same accordingly. The returning officer may also at 
 his discretion recount votes either once or more often in any case 
 in which he is not satisfied as to the accuracy of any previous 
 count: Provided that nothing herein shall make it obligatory, 
 on the returning officer to recount the same votes more than once. 
 
 (2) If upon an election petition 
 
 (i) any ballot papers counted by the returning officer are 
 
 rejected as invalid, or 
 F. 4fi 
 
722 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 (ii) any ballot papers rejected by the returning officer are 
 
 declared valid, 
 
 the court may direct the whole or any part of the ballot papers to 
 be recounted and the result of the election ascertained in accor- 
 dance with those rules. 
 
 (3) On any recount, subject to such modifications as may be 
 necessary by reason of any error in the original count, each^ 
 paper shall take the same course as at the original count. 
 
 14. Determination of questions arising from transfers of 
 votes. (1) If any question shall arise in relation to any transfer 
 of votes, the decision of the returning officer, whether expressed 
 or implied by his acts, shall be final unless an objection is made 
 by any candidate or his agent before the declaration of the poll, 
 and in that event the decision of the returning officer may be 
 reversed upon an election petition. 
 
 (2) If any decision of the returning officer is so reversed, the 
 transfer in question and all operations subsequent thereto shall 
 be void and the court shall direct what transfer is to be made in 
 place of the transfer in question, and shall cause the subsequent 
 operations to be carried out and the result of the election to 
 be ascertained in accordance with these rules. 
 
 15. Definitions. In these rules 
 
 (1) The expression " continuing candidate " means any can- 
 
 didate not elected and not excluded from the poll : 
 
 (2) The expression " first preference " means the figure 
 
 " 1 " ; the expression " second preference " means the 
 figure " 2 " ; and the expression " third preference " 
 means the figure " 3," set opposite the name of any 
 candidate, and so on: 
 
 (3) The expression " transferable paper " means a ballot 
 
 paper on which a second or subsequent preference 
 is recorded for a continuing candidate: 
 
 (4) The expression " non-transferable paper " means a ballot 
 
 paper on which no second or subsequent preference 
 is recorded for a continuing candidate: 
 
 Provided that a paper shall be deemed to bo a non- 
 transferable paper in any case in which 
 
 (a) The names of two or more candidates (whether 
 continuing or not) are marked with the same figure, 
 and are next in order of preference; or 
 
 (b) The name of the candidate next in order of 
 preference (whether continuing or not) is marked 
 
 (i) by a figure not following consecutively after 
 
 some other figure on the ballot paper; or 
 (ii) by two or more figures: 
 
 (5) The expression " original vote " in regard to any can- 
 
 didate means a vote derived from a ballot paper on 
 which a first preference is recorded for that candidate: 
 
 (6) The expression " transferred vote " in regard to any 
 
 candidate, means a vote derived from a ballot paper on 
 which a second or subsequent preference is recorded 
 for that candidate: 
 
 (7) The expression " surplus " means the number of votes 
 
 by which the total number of the votes, original and 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 723 
 
 transferred, credited to any candidate, exceeds the 
 quota. 
 
 16. Construction. These rules shall be construed as one with 
 the Ballot Act, 1872, and that Act shall, in cases to which these 
 rules are applicable, have effect subject to these rules. 
 
 17. Short title.. These rules may be cited as the Parliamentary 
 Elections (Single Transferable Vote) Rules, 1917. 
 
 SCHEDULES, 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTION CONDUCTED ON THE SYSTEM OF THE 
 SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE SET OUT ABOVE. 
 
 Let it be assumed that there are five members to be elected, 
 and that there are ten candidates, A, B, 0, D, E, P, Q-, H, I, K. 
 Arrangement of ballot ywpers (Rule 3). The ballot papers 
 are examined, and the valid papers are arranged in separate 
 parcels under the names of the candidates marked with the 
 figure 1. 
 
 Counting the votes (Rule 5). Each separate parcel is counted, 
 and each candidate is credited with one vote in respect of each 
 paper on which a first preference has been recorded for him. 
 The result of the count may be supposed to be as follows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 2,009 
 
 B 952 
 
 939 
 
 D 746 
 
 E 493 
 
 P 341 
 
 G 157 
 
 H 152 
 
 1 118 
 
 K . .... 93 
 
 Total 6,000 
 
 The Quota. 
 
 Ascertainment of quota (Rule 6). It is found that the total of 
 all the valid votes is 6,000. This total is divided by six (i.e., the 
 number which exceeds by one the number of vacancies to be 
 filled), and 1,001 (i.e., the quotient 1,000 increased by one) is 
 the " quota," or the number of votes sufficient to elect a member. 
 
 Candidate with quota elected (Rule 7). A's votes exceed the 
 quota, and he is declared elected. 
 
 First Transfer. 
 
 Transfer of surplus votes of elected candidate (Rule 8). A 
 has 1,008 surplus votes (i.e., A's total 2,009, less the quota 
 1,001), and it is necessary to transfer this surplus (Rule 8 (1)). 
 
 46(2) 
 
'S. 
 
 724 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 All A's 2,009 papers are examined and arranged in separate 
 sub-parcels according to the second preferences indicated thereon 
 (EuleS (2) (a)). 
 
 A separate sub-parcel is also formed of those papers on which 
 no further available preference, i.e., no further preference for 
 any continuing candidate, is shown, and which are therefore not 
 transferable (Rule 8 (2) (c)). 
 
 The result is found to be as follows: 
 
 A next available preference is shown for D on 257 papers. 
 A next available preference is shown for E on 11 papers. 
 A next available preference is shown for 3? on 28 papers. 
 A next available preference is shown for G- on 1,708 papers. 
 
 Total of transferable papers ............ 2,004 papers 
 
 Total of non-transferable papers ..... 5 papers 
 
 Total of A's papers ......... 2,009 
 
 Proportion of papers to be transferred (Rule 8 (4) (a)). 
 Since the total number of transferable papers (2,004) exceeds the 
 surplus (1,008), only a portion of each sub-parcel can be trans- 
 ferred, and 'the number of papers to be transferred from each sub- 
 parcel must bear the same proportion to the total number of 
 papers in the sub-parcel as that which the surplus bears to the 
 total number of transferable papers. 
 
 How numbers to be transferred are ascertained (Eule 8 (4)(b)). 
 In other words, the number of papers to be transferred from 
 each sub-parcel is ascertained by multiplying the number of 
 papers in the sub-parcel by 1,008 (the surplus), and dividing the 
 result by 2,004 (the total number of transferable papers). 
 
 The process is as follows: 
 
 D's sub-parcel contains 257 papers, and his share 
 of the surplus is, therefore: 
 
 257 X-^ 008 or 129 ^ 
 2,004 2,004 
 
 E's sub-parcel contains 11 papers, and his share 
 of the surplus is, therefore: 
 
 2,004 2,004 
 
 F's sub-parcel contains 28 papers, and his share 
 of the surplus is, therefore: 
 
 _ 
 
 2,004 2,004 
 
 G's sub-parcel contains 1,708 papers, and his share 
 of the surplus is, therefore: 
 
 1,708 X ^ or 859 JL 2 * 
 2,004 2,004 
 
 Total.. . 1,008 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION 725 
 
 Treatment of fractions in transferring surplus votes (Rule 8 
 (4) (c)). The numbers of papers to be transferred as deter- 
 mined by the preceding process contain fractions, and, since 
 only whole papers can be transferred, so many of the largest 
 of these fractions, taken in order of their magnitude, as will 
 make the total number of papers to be transferred equal to the 
 surplus are reckoned as of the value of unity. 
 
 Thus, as the whole numbers determined above amount to only 
 
 1.007, viz., (129 4- 5 -f- 14 + 859), or one short of the surplus 
 
 1 068 
 
 1.008, the largest fraction .- - is reckoned as unity, and the 
 
 2,004 
 
 numbers of papers to be transferred are as follows: 
 
 To D 129 papers. 
 
 To E 6 papers. 
 
 To F 14 papers. 
 
 To G 859 papers. 
 
 Total, being A's surplus 1,008 papers. 
 
 Selection and marking of papers to be transferred (Rule 8 
 (4) (d) and (e)). The particular papers to be transferred to 
 D, E, F, and G are those last filed in their respective sub-parcels, 
 and, therefore, at the top of the sub-parcels. The papers to be 
 transferred are to be marked so as to indicate the candidates from 
 and to whom the transfer is made. 
 
 Disposal of papers after transfer (Mule 10 (1)). These papers 
 are added in separate sub-parcels to the parcels of D, E, F, 
 and G. 
 
 The totals of the votes credited to these candidates then 
 become: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 D 746-4-129= 875 
 
 E 493+ 6= 499 
 
 F 341+ 14= 355 
 
 G 157 + 859 = 1,016 
 
 Quota of papers of elected candidate set aside (Rule 10 (1)). 
 The remainders of the papers in the sub-parcels (i.e., those 
 papers not transferred), together with the papers on which no 
 further available preferences were marked, are collected together 
 and formed into one parcel, representing A's quota of votes 
 (1,001), and these papers are set aside as finally dealt with. The 
 parcel is made up as follows: 
 
 The remainder of D's sub-parcel, 257 less 129 = 128 
 The remainder of E's sub-parcel, 11 less 6 = 5 
 The remainder of F's sub-parcel, 28 less 14 = 14 
 The remainder of G's sub-parcel, 1,708 less 859 = 849 
 Non-transferable papers ... 5 
 
 Total, being A's quota 1,001 
 
726 
 
 APPENDIX- IV. 
 
 The operations involved in this transfer are summarised in tha 
 following table: 
 
 Transfer of A'x Surplus. 
 
 Surplus 1,008 
 
 Number of transferable papers 2,004 
 
 Proportion to be _ Surplus __ 1,008 
 
 transferred . . . ~ Number of transferable papers ~~ 2,004 
 
 Names of Candidates marked as the 
 next available preferences. 
 
 Number of Number of 
 Original ; Papers 
 Papers. transferred. 
 
 Number of 
 
 Papers 
 retained for 
 A's quota. 
 
 B 
 C 
 
 D 257 129 128 
 
 E 11 6 5 
 
 F 28 14 U 
 
 G- ! 1,708 859 849 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 K 
 
 Total number of transferable papers . . 2,004 1 ,008 996 
 
 Number of non-transferable papers 5 5 
 
 Totals 2,009 1,008 1,001 
 
 State of pott after first transfer. The state of the poll on 
 the conclusion of the transfer is as follows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 1,001 elected. 
 
 G 1,016 
 
 B 952 
 
 939 
 
 D 875 
 
 E 499 
 
 F 355 
 
 H 152 
 
 1 118 
 
 K 93 
 
 Total 6,000 
 
 Election of candidate as a result of transfer {Rule 7). G now 
 has 1,016 votes, a number which is more than the quota. He 
 is accordingly declared elected. 
 
 Second Transfer. 
 
 Surplus not transferred in special case (Rule 8 (5) (c)). 
 G's surplus (1,016 less 1,001, or 15) would have to be transferred 
 were it not for the provision of Eule 8 (5) (c). Under the latter 
 rule the returning officer need not transfer a surplus which is 
 less than the difference between the two lowest candidates on 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 72-7 
 
 tho poll, and whore, therefore, the transfer could not alter the 
 relative position of these two candidates, even if the whole sur- 
 plus were transferred to the lowest candidate. In this ease the 
 difference between 1 and K, the two lowest candidates, is 25 
 (118 less 93), and therefore G's surplus need not be transferred. 
 
 Transfer of votes of candidate lowest on the poll (Rule 9 (1)). 
 The returning officer proceeds to distribute the papers of the 
 candidate with the smallest total of votes. 
 
 K's parcel of 93 papers is therefore examined. It is found to 
 contain 89 papers on which F is the next preference, and 4 on 
 which C is the next preference. 
 
 Therefore 89 papers are transferred to F and 4 to C. 
 
 State of poll after second transfer. The poll now stands us 
 follows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 1,001 elected. 
 
 G 1,016 elected. 
 
 B 952 
 
 C 943 
 
 D 875 
 
 E .' 499 
 
 F 444 
 
 H 152 
 
 I . 118 
 
 Total 6,000 
 
 Third Transfer. 
 
 Transfer in special case of the votes of the two lowest can- 
 didates in one operation (Rule 9 (2)). The poll shows that 
 as a result of the second transfer no further candidate obtained 
 the quota which would entitle him to election, and the next 
 operation has to be determined upon. 
 
 The difference between I and H (152 less 118, i.e., 34) exceeds 
 G's surplus (15), which, therefore, is still allowed to remain un- 
 transferred (Rule 8 (5) (c)). 
 
 Candidate I is lowest on the poll, and his papers have to be 
 distributed in the same manner as K's (Eule 9 (1)). But as 
 the combined totals of H and I together with G's surplus 
 (152 L- 118 -\- 15 = 285) are less than 444, the total of F, the 
 next highest candidate, the returning officer avails himself of 
 Rule 9 (2), and distributes the papers of both H and I in one 
 operation . 
 
 The papers (152 + 118, or 270 in all) in the parcels of H and I 
 are examined in one operation, and it is found that 
 B is marked next preference on 119 papers. 
 D is marked next preference on 107 papers. 
 Non-transferable papers 44 papers. 
 
 Total 270 papers. 
 
728 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 It should be stated that on some papers some or one of the 
 candidates A, G, I, H, and K may have been marked as next in 
 order of preference on the papers examined, but, as all these 
 candidates are already either elected or excluded, any papers so 
 marked pass to those of the other candidates for whom the next 
 available preferences have been recorded. 
 
 The operation is completed by the transfer of 119 papers to 
 B, and 107 to D, whilst the 44 non-transferable papers are set 
 aside as finally dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). 
 
 The poll now stands as follows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 1,001 elected. 
 
 G 1,016 elected. 
 
 B 1,071 
 
 D 982 
 
 C 943 
 
 E 499 
 
 F 414 
 
 Non-transferable papers 44 
 
 Total .. . 6,000 
 
 Election of candidate as the result of a transfer (Rule 7). 
 B now has 1,071 votes, a number which exceeds the quota. He 
 is accordingly declared elected. 
 
 Fourth Transfer. 
 
 Transfer of surplus votes arising from a previous transfer 
 (Rule 10 (2)). B's surplus (70) exceeds the difference (55) 
 between E and F, the two candidates lowest on the poll, and it is, 
 therefore, necessary to distribute it. 
 
 Sub-parcel of votes last transferred examined (Rule 8 (2) (b)). 
 For this purpose, only the sub-parcel of papers last trans- 
 ferred, containing 119 papers, is taken into account. 
 
 These are examined and arranged in sub-parcels (in the same 
 manner as A's papers were examined and arranged) with the 
 following result: 
 
 A next preference is shown for E on 84 papers. 
 No further preference is shown on 35 papers. 
 
 The total number of transferable papers (84) is thus greater 
 than the surplus (70), and the proportion to be transferred is 
 
 . But there is only one candidate, E, entitled to participate 
 84 
 
 in the transfer. E accordingly receives the whole of the surplus 
 and the 70 papers last filed in E's sub-parcel are, therefore, trans- 
 ferred to him, after being marked so as to indicate their transfer 
 from B to E. (Eule 5 (4) (c).) 
 
 The remainder of the papers in E's sub-parcel, together with 
 the non-transferable papers, are placed with B's original parcel. 
 The whole constitutes B's quota and these papers are set aside 
 as finally dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 729 
 
 B's quota is made up as follows: 
 
 Original parcel 952 
 
 Remainder of E's sub-parcel 14 
 
 Non-transferable papers 35 
 
 Total 1,001 
 
 State of poll after fom'th transfer. The poll now stands as 
 follows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 1,001 elected. 
 
 Gr 1,016 elected. 
 
 B 1,001 elected. 
 
 D 982 
 
 C 943 
 
 E 569 
 
 F 444 
 
 ^Non-transferable papers 44 
 
 Total .. . 6,000 
 
 Fifth Transfer. 
 
 No candidate is elected as the result of the transfer, and the 
 next operation has to be determined upon. 
 
 G's surplus is still not distributable, being smaller than the 
 difference between the totals of E and F, the two lowest can- 
 didates (Rule 8 (5) (c)). 
 
 The votes of the lowest candidate distributed (Rule 9 (1)). 
 F is lowest and his papers have to be distributed. 
 
 On examination it is found that of F's 444 papers, 353 show 
 a next preference for 0, and the remainder, 91, contain no 
 further preference. 
 
 The operation is completed by the transfer of 353 papers to 0, 
 whilst the 91 non-transferable papers are set aside as finally 
 dealt with (Rule 10 (1)). 
 
 State of poll after fifth transfer. The poll now stands as 
 iollows: 
 
 Votes. 
 
 A 1,001 elected. 
 
 G 1,016 elected. 
 
 B 1,001 elected. 
 
 C 1,296 
 
 D 982 
 
 E 569 
 
 Non-transferable papers 135 
 
 Total 6,000 
 
730 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 Candidate elected as a result of transfer (Rule 7). has 
 now 1,296 votes, a number which exceeds the quota, and he 
 is accordingly declared elected. 
 
 Filling the last vacancy (Rule 11 (2)). No further transfer 
 is necessary, for, even if all C's surplus (295) and all GPs surplus 
 (15) were transferred to E, his total would only amount to 859. 
 
 But D's total (982) exceeds this number and he is therefore 
 declared elected (Eule 11 (2)). 
 
 Final result. The final result is that A, G, B, and D are 
 elected. 
 
 Result sheet (Rule 12). The details of the various operations 
 in this election are shown in the subjoined form of public notice 
 or " result sheet." 
 
 Public Notice of the Result of the Poll and of the Transfer of 
 
 Votes. 
 
 Number of valid votes 6,000 
 
 Number of members to be elected 5 
 
 Quota (number of votes sufficient to secure the 
 
 election of a candidate) 1,001 
 
 [TABLE OF RESULTS.. 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 731 
 
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732 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 POEM OF FRONT OF BALLOT PAPER. 
 
 Counterfoil M, 
 No. 
 
 ,- 
 
 Note. 
 
 p 'The counter - ^ 
 foil is to hare a 
 number to cor- 
 respond with 
 that on the f^\ 
 back of the )Q/ 
 ballot paper. \jfcj 
 
 Mark 
 
 Order of 
 
 Preference 
 
 in Spaces 
 
 below. 
 
 Names of Candidates. 
 
 I BROWN (John Brown, of 52, George 
 Street, Bristol, Merchant). 
 
 JONES (William David Jones, of 
 10, Charles Street, Bristol, 
 Merchant). 
 
 ROBERTSON (Henry Robertson, 
 of 8, John Street, Bristol, 
 Butcher). 
 
 WILLIAMS (James Williams, of 
 5, William Street, Bristol, Dock 
 Labourer). 
 
 THOMAS (Walter Thomas, of 
 23, Ann Street, Bristol, Painter). 
 
 MAcINNES (Robert Maclnnes, of 
 26, James Street, Bristol, 
 Licensed Victualler). 
 
 N.B. Vote by placing the figure 1 in the square opposite 
 the name of the candidate for whom you vote. You may also 
 place the figure 2, or the figures 2 and 3, or 2, 3, and 4, and 
 so on, in the squares opposite the names of other candidates in 
 the order of your preference for them. 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 733 
 
 Form of -Directions for the guidance of the Voter in voting, 
 which shall be printed in conspicuous characters and pla- 
 carded outside every Polling Station and in every compart- 
 ment of a Polling Station. 
 
 The voter will go into one of the compartments, and, with the 
 pencil provided there, mark his ballot paper by writing the 
 number 1 opposite the name of the candidate for whom he votes. 
 He may also write the figures 2, 3, and so on, in accordance 
 with the order of his choice or preference opposite the names 
 of other candidates (that is to say).: 
 
 He must write 1 in the square space opposite to the name of 
 
 the candidate for whom he votes. 
 He may also write 2 in the square space opposite to the name 
 
 of the candidate he likes second best, and 3 in the square 
 
 space opposite to the name of the candidate he likes third 
 
 best. 
 And so on. 
 
 If the voter does not mark the figure 1 on his ballot paper, 
 or marks the figure 1 opposite more than one name, or marks 
 the figure 1 and some other figure opposite the same name, or 
 places any mark on the paper by which he may be identified, 
 his ballot paper will be invalid and will not be counted. 
 
 After marking the ballot paper, the voter will fold up the 
 ballot ptaper so as to show the official mark on the back, and 
 leaving the compartment will, without showing the front of the 
 paper to any person, show the official mark on the back to the 
 presiding officer, and then in the presence of the presiding officer 
 put the paper into the ballot box and forthwith quit the polling 
 station. 
 
 If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot paper, he can return 
 it to the officer, who will, if satisfied of such inadvertence, give 
 him another paper. 
 
 If the voter takes the ballot paper out of the polling station or 
 deposits in the ballot box any other paper than the one given 
 him by the officer, he will be guilty of a misdemeanour, and be 
 subject to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months, 
 with or without hard labour. 
 
 Note. These directions shall be illustrated by examples of 
 valid ballot papers, such as the following: 
 
734 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 Examples of Ballot Papers validly marked. 
 
 A. 
 
 *) 
 
 Mark 
 
 
 .*) 
 
 Order of 
 
 
 
 
 Preference 
 
 Names of Candidates. 
 
 
 $N 
 
 in Spaces 
 
 
 
 $; 
 
 below. 
 
 
 
 ./*\ ' 
 
 
 BROWN 
 
 
 0^0 
 
 3 
 
 (John Brown, of 52, George Street 
 
 
 8*8 
 
 
 Bristol, Merchant). 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 JONES 
 
 
 GlO 
 
 4 
 
 (William David Jones, of 10, Charles 
 
 '%1 
 
 
 Street, Bristol, Engineer). 
 
 
 (*) 
 
 
 
 
 (*) 
 
 
 
 
 () 
 
 
 ROBERTSON 
 
 
 /W\ 
 
 2 
 
 (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Bristol, Builder). 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 
 xj/\ 
 
 5 
 
 (James Williams, of 5, William 
 
 1 
 
 
 Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). 
 
 
 GiO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THOMAS 
 
 
 3K) 
 
 1 
 
 (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street 
 Bristol. Painter). 
 
 ' 
 
 '*) 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 MAdNNES 
 
 
 \X.' 
 
 6 
 
 (Robert Maclnnes, of 28, James 
 
 1 
 
 
 Street, Bristol, Licensed Victualler) 
 
 * 
 
DRAFT RULES, PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. 735 
 
 Mark 
 Order of 
 Preference 
 in Spaces 
 below. 
 
 Names of Candidates. 
 
 
 BROWN 
 (John Brown, of 52, George Street, 
 Bristol, Merchant). 
 
 1 
 
 JONES 
 (William David Jones, of 10, Charles 
 Street, Bristol, Engineer). 
 
 
 ROBERTSON 
 (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street, 
 Bristol, Builder). 
 
 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 (James Williams, of 5, William 
 Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). 
 
 
 THOMAS 
 
 (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street, 
 Bristol, Painter). 
 
 
 MACINNES 
 
 (Robert Machines, of 28, James 
 Street, Bristol, licensed Victualler). 
 
736 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 (*) 
 
 '!*) 
 
 Mark 
 Order of 
 Preference 
 in Spaces 
 below. 
 
 Names of Candidates. 
 
 
 
 BROWN 
 (John Brown, of 52, George Street, 
 Bristol. Merchant). 
 
 (*) 
 (*) 
 
 3 
 
 JONES 
 (William David Jones, of 10, Charles 
 Street, Bristol, Engineer). 
 
 t*9 
 
 
 ROBERTSON 
 (Henry Robertson, of 8, John Street, 
 Bristol, Builder). 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 (James Williams, of 5, William 
 Street, Bristol, Dock Labourer). 
 
 OK) 
 
 /W\ 
 
 
 THOMAS 
 
 (Walter Thomas, of 23, Anne Street, 
 Bristol, Painter). 
 
 
 2 
 
 MAdNNES 
 (Robert Maclnues, of 28, James 
 Street, Bristol, Licensed Victualler). 
 
REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 
 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 
 
 REPORT OF THE SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE 
 ON ELECTORAL REFORM CONTAINED 
 IN A LETTER FROM THE SPEAKER 
 TO THE PRIME MINISTER, DATED 
 JANUARY 27, 1917 (a), PRESENTED TO 
 BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY 
 COMMAND OF HIS MAJESTY. 
 
 SPEAKER'S HOUSE, S.W., 
 
 January 27, 1917. 
 DEAR PRIME MINISTER, 
 
 I HAVE much pleasure in informing you that the Con- 
 ference on Electoral Reform has now completed its work, and 
 that I am authorised to report to you the resolutions at which 
 it has arrived. 
 
 You will doubtless remember the circumstances in which it 
 originated, but for the sake of greater accuracy I will venture 
 to detail them. 
 
 During the debate 011 the vsecond reading of the Special Register 
 Bill on the 16th August last, Mr. Asquith, who was then Prime 
 Minister, in the course of his speech used these words: 
 
 " With regard to the Parliament which is going to under- 
 take the work of reconstruction after the war, it is eminently 
 desirable that you should provide an electoral basis which 
 will make that Parliament reflective and representative of 
 the general opinion of the country, and give to its decisions 
 a moral authority which you cannot obtain from what I may 
 call a scratch, improvised, and makeshift electorate. Let 
 us by all means use the time those of us who are not 
 absolutely absorbed in the conduct of the war in those 
 months to see if we cannot work out by general agreement 
 some scheme under which, both as regards the electorate 
 and the distribution of electoral power, a Parliament can 
 bo created at the end of the war capable and adequate for 
 
 (a) Parliamentary Paper, Cd. 8463. 
 F. 47 
 
738 APPENDIX V. 
 
 discharging these tasks, and commanding the confidence of 
 the country." (Official Report, vol. 85, p. 1906.) 
 During the same debate Mr. Long, who was then President 
 of the Local Government Board, said: 
 
 " I myself believe that if we agreed amongst ourselves, 
 and the Government offered any assistance which they could, 
 and which, I believe, they would gladly do, to set up I 
 will not say a Committee, because that is not exactly what 
 "> I mean but a representative Conference, not only of parties, 
 but of groups, a Conference which would really represent 
 opinion on these three subjects: electoral reform, revision 
 of your electoral power when you have got it, and regis- 
 tration, I believe and I do not speak altogether out of 
 books that such a Conference of earnest men, holding 
 strong views, bitterly opposed to each other, if they were 
 face to face with these difficulties, when we are all longing 
 with a great longing to see something of a better prospect 
 for our country in the future, would produce an agreed 
 system for all three questions upon which the great mass 
 of opinion of the people of this country could come together." 
 
 And again later in his speech he used these words: 
 
 " I believe that a Conference such as I have suggested 
 would have a great result. I hope that in the short time 
 during which Parliament is released from its duties we shall 
 all turn our attention to this question. If my honourable 
 friends in .any quarter of this House, or outside of this 
 House were to invite me to help to get together such a 
 Conference I would do it with the utmost pleasure. I believe 
 that is the way in which we are more likely to find a solution 
 to these problems than any other plan of which I have yet 
 heard. It was recommended by the honourable gentleman 
 the Member for Stockport in a speech he made, as being 
 put forward either in public or private by many of those 
 who have given time and attention to this question. I 
 venture to say to the House it is our duty, one and all, not 
 to criticise the Government or to find fault with this Bill, 
 but to set ourselves to find a solution which may be a 
 lasting settlement of a very old and difficult problem." 
 (Official Report, vol. 85, pp. 19491950.) 
 
 The idea seemed to find favour, and soon afterwards I accepted 
 an invitation from the Prime Minister to convene a Conference 
 of members of both Houses of Parliament and to preside over 
 it. The Members of Parliament and Peers whom I selected 
 appeared to me to be eminently representative of the various 
 shades of political opinion in Parliament and in the country 
 upon the special topics connected with Electoral Reform. Their 
 numbers were as nearly as possible proportionate to the strength 
 of [pre-war parties in the House of Commons. 
 
 On the question of Woman Suffrage I endeavoured to obtain 
 an equal division of opinion, so far as it could be ascertained, 
 but ; many obvious difficulties presented themselves in discover- 
 ing the views of gentlemen upon that important topic. 
 
REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 739 
 
 Eventually the following Peers and Members of Parliament 
 accepted my invitation: the Marquess of Salisbury, Earl Grey, 
 Viscount Bryce, Viscount Gladstone, Lord Burnham, Sir Eyland 
 Adkins, Eight Honourable Sir Frederick Banbury, Sir John 
 Bethell, Sir William Bull, Colonel James Craig, Colonel Page 
 Croft, Mr. Ellis Davies, Eight Honourable W. II . Dickinson, 
 Eight Honourable Sir E. Pinlay, Mr. Goldstone, Eight Honour- 
 able George Lambert, Sir J. Larmor, Mr. Macmaster, Mr. J. 
 Mooney, Mr. T. P. O'Connor, Mr. Peto, Mr. Priiigle, Eight 
 Honourable Sir Harry Samuel, Mr. Scanlan, Mr. MacCallum 
 Scott, Eight Honourable Sir John Simon, Mr. Turton, Mr. 
 Stephen Walsh, Mr. Wardle, and Mr. Aneurin Williams. 
 
 Before the Conference met, however, Lord Bryce and Mr. 
 Laurence Hardy were obliged through illness to withdraw their 
 acceptances, and Mr. Mooney also found himself unable to take 
 part in the proceedings. Their places were taken by Lord 
 Southwark, Sir Eobert Williams, and Mr. Brady. 
 
 Mr. W. T. Jerred, C.B., Assistant Secretary to the Local 
 Government Board, acted as Secretary to the Conference. 
 
 The Conference met for the first time at the offices of the 
 Local Government Board on the 12th October last, but all sub- 
 sequent meetings have been held in Committee Eoom 15 at the 
 House of Commons. 
 
 The terms of reference were as follows: 
 
 To examine, and, if possible, submit, agreed resolutions on the 
 following matters: 
 
 a) Eefprm of the Franchise. 
 
 b) Basis for Eedistribution of Seats. 
 
 c) Reform of the System of the Registration of Electors. 
 
 d) Method of elections and the manner in which the costs 
 
 of elections should be borne. 
 
 After our discussion had proceeded for some time, we were so 
 unfortunate as to lose the assistance of Lord Grey, who was 
 prevented by illness from attending, but as I was in constant 
 expectation that he might be able to resume his attendance I 
 did not invite any other gentleman to take his place. 
 
 Sir Eobert Finlay also, on his acceptance of office as Lord 
 Chancellor in your Government, was compelled, to the regret 
 of all his colleagues, to leave us. 
 
 On the 14th December Lord Salisbury, Sir E. Banbury, and 
 Colonel Craig found themselves unable to continue to assist us, 
 and resigned their positions & members of the Conference. Their 
 places were taken by Mr. C. B. Stuart- Wort-ley (now Lord 
 Stuart of Wortley), Mr. Touche, and Mr. Archdale, and it is 
 perhaps only fair to mention that some of the conclusions of 
 the Conference were arrived at before they became members 
 of it. 
 
 You will remember that when we had reached this point I con- 
 sulted you as to the desirability of continuing our labours, and 
 you expressed the desire of His Majesty's Government that the 
 work of the Conference should proceed. 
 
 Altogether the Conference held twenty-six sittings, the last 
 of which took place on the 26th instant, when I was authorised to 
 
 47 (2) 
 
740 APPENDIX V. 
 
 report to you the result of our deliberations. This appears in 
 the following series of resolutions: 
 
 I. KEGISTRATION OF ELECTORS. 
 
 1. The qualifying period for registration us a Parliamentary 
 elector shall be^ reduced to six months. 
 
 2. There shall be a revision of the register every six months. 
 
 3. The qualifying period shall be six months prior to the 
 loth January and 15th July in each year. 
 
 4. The time between the preparation and coming into force 
 of the register shall be shortened. 
 
 The foregoing resolutions (Nos. 2, 3, and 4) shall not apply 
 to Ireland which, owing to different conditions, may require 
 special .treatment. 
 
 6. In England and Wales a Registration Officer shall be 
 appointed in every county and borough who shall be, in the 
 case of a county, the Clerk of the County Council, and, in the 
 case of a borough, the Town Clerk. 
 
 7. An appeal from the decision of the Eegistration Officer shall 
 lie to the County Court. 
 
 8. In the opinion of the Conference, the cost of registration 
 should be a charge upon the local rates, subject to a contribution 
 of ono-half to be made by the State. 
 
 II. EEFORM OF THE FRANCHISE. 
 
 9. ( a ) Every person of full age, not subject to any legal 
 incapacity, who, for the qualifying period, has resided in any 
 premises, or has occupied for the purpose of his business, pro- 
 fession, or trade, any premises of a clear yearly value of not 
 less than 101., shall be entitled to be registered as a Parlia- 
 mentary .(Elector. 
 
 (b) For the purposes of this resolution no change shall be 
 made in the law relating to the joint occupation of business 
 premises. 
 
 (c) A franchise based upon the foregoing qualifications shall 
 be substituted for all existing franchises. 
 
 Provided that the representation of the Universities shall be 
 maintained. 
 
 10. The qualification to be registered as a Parliamentary 
 Elector shall not be lost by removal to different premises within 
 the same constituency, or from one constituency to another in 
 the same borough or county (including the administrative County 
 of London), or to different premises in a contiguous county 
 or borough. 
 
 11. (a) A person shall not vote at a general election in more 
 than one constituency. 
 
 Provided that a person shall be entitled to one additional vote 
 in another constituency in respect of the occupation of his busi- 
 ness premises, or in respect of any qualification he may have 
 as a University voter. 
 
 (b) For the purpose of this resolution the expression " con- 
 stituency " means any county, borough, or combination of places,. 
 
REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 741 
 
 or university or combination of universities, returning a member 
 or members to serve in Parliament, and where a county ur 
 borough is divided for the purpose of Parliamentary elections, 
 means a division of the county or borough so divided. 
 
 12. The law relating to the franchise and registration shall 
 be codified. 
 
 III. REDISTKIBUTION OF SEATS. 
 
 13. This Conference accepts as governing any scheme of re- 
 distribution the principle that each vote recorded shall, as far 
 as possible, command an equal share of representation in the 
 House of Commons. 
 
 14. It is desirable that there shall be a Redistribution of 
 Seats in accordance with the following general rules: 
 
 (i) The number of members of the House of Commons for 
 Great Britain shall remain substantially as .at present, 
 (ii) In the application of this principle the information at 
 the disposal of the Conference indicates the taking of 
 70,000 as the standard unit of population for each 
 member. 
 
 (iii) A county or borough (other than the City of London) 
 with a population of less than 50,000 shall cease to have 
 separate representation. 
 
 (iv) A county or borough with a population of 50,000, but 
 less than 70,000, shall continue to have separate repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 (v) A municipal borough or urban district with a popula- 
 tion not less than 70,000 shall become a separate Par- 
 liamentary borough. 
 
 (vi) A county or borough at present returning two members 
 shall not lose a member if the defect in the population is 
 20,000 or less. 
 
 (vii) A member shall be given for 70,000 and for every 
 multiple of 70,000, and an additional member for any 
 remainder which is not less than 50,000. 
 
 (viii) The boundaries of Parliamentary constituencies shall, 
 as far as practicable, coincide with the boundaries of 
 administrative areas. 
 
 (ix) The City of London shall continue as at present to 
 return two members. 
 
 15. Existing boroughs entitled to return two members shall 
 not be divided. 
 
 16. Where there are contiguous boroughs which, if formed into 
 a single constituency, would be entitled to return not less than 
 three nor more than five members, it shall be an instruction to 
 the Boundary Commissioners to unite such boroughs into a single 
 constituency. 
 
 (This resolution would only become applicable in the event 
 of a system of Proportional Representation being adopted, 
 as recommended in a subsequent resolution.) 
 
 17. It shall be an instruction to the Boundary Commissioners 
 to take the population as estimated by the Registrar-General for 
 
742 APPENDIX V. 
 
 July, 1914, instead of the population according to the census of 
 1911. 
 
 18. It shall be a recommendation to the Boundary Commis- 
 sioners, after ascertaining local opinion, to segregate as fax as 
 possible (adjacent industrial and rural areas in forming con- 
 stituencies within any county. 
 
 19. Where, under the application of these rules, a borough 
 loses its right to separate representation in Parliament, it shall 
 be competent for the Commissioners, after having ascertained 
 local opinion on the subject, to combine such borough with any 
 other such borough or boroughs lying within the county, or with 
 any other borough in the same county having separate repre- 
 sentation, instead of merging it in the adjacent county division. 
 
 20. Where an ancient Parliamentary borough loses its repre- 
 sentation, the county division in which the borough becomes 
 merged shall be named after the merged borough. 
 
 21. Where districts of burghs in Scotland comprise burghs 
 in different counties, or where under the foregoing rules a Par- 
 liamentary borough which is a district of burghs would lose 
 representation, it shall be an instruction to the Boundary Com- 
 missioners to consider the desirability of regrouping the burghs 
 or adding neighbouring burghs in the same county, regard being 
 had to their size, to a proper representation of the urban and 
 rural ^population, and to the distribution and pursuits of such 
 population : 
 
 Provided that the representation of the county is not thereby 
 affected. 
 
 As regards Ireland, the Conference desires to place on record 
 that, on the subject of redistribution, it has carried on its 
 deliberations from the point of view of Great Britain only. 
 
 IV. UNIVEKSITY KEPRESENTATION. 
 
 22. (a) The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge shall con- 
 tinue to return two members each; the electorate shall be 
 widened, and, in order to secure a proper representation of 
 minorities, each voter shall be allowed to vote for one candidate 
 only. 
 
 (b) The Universities of Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, 
 Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, and the University of Wales, 
 shall receive representation; these universities shall be grouped 
 with the University of London so as to form a single constituency 
 returning three members elected on the system of a single trans- 
 ferable vote. 
 
 J3) The combined Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews 
 of Glasgow and Aberdeen shall also be grouped so as to 
 form a single constituency returning three members under the 
 system of a single transferable vote. 
 
 (d) As regards all Universities the obtaining of a degree shall 
 be the basis for electoral qualification. 
 
REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 743 
 
 V. METHOD AND COSTS OF ELECTIONS. 
 
 23. (a) A Parliamentary borough which would be entitled 
 on a basis of population to return throe or more members shall 
 be a single constituency. 
 
 Provided that a constituency entitled to return more than 
 five members shall be divided into two or more constituencies 
 each returning not less than three nor more than five members. 
 
 (b) The election in any such constituency shall be held on 
 the principle of proportional representation and each elector shall 
 have one transferable vote. 
 
 (c) For the purposes of this rule the Metropolis (excluding 
 the City of London) shall be treated as a single area and divided 
 into constituencies returning not less than three nor more than 
 five members. 
 
 24. (a) At a general election all polls shall be held on one 
 day. 
 
 (b) All nominations shall take place on one day. 
 
 (c) There shall be an interval of eight days between the day 
 of nomination and the day of poll. 
 
 25. Returning Officers' charges should be paid by the State 
 on a scale to be fixed by the Treasury. 
 
 26. The duties of Returning Officer in England and Wales shall 
 bo discharged by a deputy Returning Officer, who shall be in the 
 case of a county the Clerk to the County Council, and in the 
 case of a borough the Town Clerk. 
 
 27. (a) Every candidate at the election of a Member of Par- 
 liament for any county or borough shall be required to deposit 
 with the Returning Officer, at the time of his nomination, the sum 
 of one hundred and fifty pounds. 
 
 (b) If a candidate is not elected, and the number of votes 
 polled by him does not exceed in the case of a single or double 
 member constituency one-eighth of the total number of voters 
 polling, or in the case of a constituency returning three or 
 more members, one-eighth divided by the number of members to 
 be elected, the deposit instead of being returned to the candidate 
 shall be forfeited to the Treasury. 
 
 (c) For the purposes of this resolution the number of " voters 
 polling " shall mean the number of ballot papers counted other 
 than spoilt ballot papers; and where the election is held under 
 the system of a single transferable vote, the number of " votes 
 polled " by a. candidate shall mean the number of votes polled 
 by him as first preferences. 
 
 Although the question of candidates' expenses does not appear 
 to be strictly within their terms of reference, the Conference is 
 strongly ( and unanimously of opinion that the expenditure at 
 present entailed in fighting a contested election is unjustifiable, 
 and should be materially reduced. This, the Conference considers 
 can only be effectively carried out by an alteration in the 
 maximum amounts at present allowed under the Corrupt and 
 Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883. The Conference ac- 
 cordingly resolved that 
 
 28. (a) The following maximum scale of expenses shall bo 
 substituted for the maximum scale contained in Part IV. of 
 
744 APPENDIX V. 
 
 the First Schedule to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Pre- 
 vention Act, 1883: 
 
 Severipence per elector in a county. 
 
 Fivepence per elector in a borough other than a borough 
 
 returning three or more members. 
 
 Fourpcnce per elector in a borough returning three or more 
 members. 
 
 (b) Where there are joint candidates the total amount of tho 
 expenses of the joint candidates shall not exceed one and a 
 half times the scale allowed for a single candidate. 
 
 (c) A duly nominated candidate, or a number of duly nomi- 
 nated joint candidates, shall be allowed one free postage. 
 
 In this connection the Conference has had its attention drawn 
 to a growing and, as it considers, mischievous practice by which, 
 at the time of an election, political and other organisations incur 
 expenditure in the furtherance of the views of particular can- 
 didates. The practice is, in the view of the Conference, a con- 
 travention of the spirit of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices 
 Prevention Act. The Conference realises the difficulty of deal- 
 ing with the matter, but thinks that some amendment of the 
 Act is very desirable, and resolved that 
 
 29. Any person incurring expenditure by holding public meet- 
 ings or issuing advertisements or publications for the purpose 
 of furthering the election of a candidate, shall be guilty of a 
 corrupt practice unless such expenditure is authorised by the 
 candidate and returned as part of his election expenses. 
 
 30. The Ballot Act shall be made permanent. 
 
 VI. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REGISTER. 
 
 The franchise for Local Government purposes is so closely 
 connected with the Parliamentary franchise that the Conference 
 thought it desirable to deal with the matter, and resolved that 
 
 31. (a) In substitution for all existing franchises for Local 
 Government purposes every person who for a period of six months 
 immediately preceding the 15th day of January and the loth 
 day of July in any year has occupied as owner or tenant any 
 land or premises in a Local Government area in England and 
 Wales shall be entitled to be registered and to vote as a Local 
 Government elector in that area. 
 
 (b) For the purpose of this resolution neither sex nor mar- 
 riage shall be a disqualification, provided that a husband and 
 wife shall not both be qualified in respect of the same premises. 
 
 (c) The Conference makes no recommendation with regard 
 to the Local Government franchise in Scotland or Ireland. 
 
 VII. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 
 
 32. (a) It shall be the duty of the Registration Officer to 
 ascertain, as far as possible, the names and addresses of all 
 persons of full age who ordinarily reside in his area, but who 
 are serving in His Majesty's forces, and such persons shall be 
 qualified to be registered and to vote as parliamentary electors 
 within that area. 
 
REPORT OF SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE. 745 
 
 (b) In the case of a person who has served in His Majesty's 
 forces during any part of the qualifying period, residence in a 
 constituency for on month immediately preceding the 15th 
 January or the loth July, as the casemay be, shall be a sufficient 
 qualification. 
 
 All the resolutions under the foregoing sub-heads I. to VIE. 
 were agreed to unanimously. 
 
 VIII. WOMAN SUFFRAGE. 
 
 The Conference decided by a majority that some measure of 
 woman suffrage should be conferred. A majority of the Con- 
 ference was also of opinion that, if Parliament should decide 
 to accept the principle, the most practical form would be to 
 confer the vote in the terms of the following resolution: 
 
 33. Any woman on the Local Government Register who has 
 attained a specified age, and the wife of any man who is on 
 that Register if she has attained that age, shall be entitled to 
 be registered and to vote as a parliamentary elector. 
 
 Various ages were discussed, of which 30 and 35 received most 
 favour. 
 
 The Conference further resolved that if Parliament decides 
 to enfranchise women, a woman of the specified age, who is a 
 graduate of any University having Parliamentary representa- 
 tion shall bo entitled to vote as a University Elector. 
 
 IX. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 The Conference resolved unanimously that: 
 
 34. The maintenance in any asylum for lunatics or idiots of 
 any person for whose maintenance any other person is respon- 
 sible shall not disqualify such other person for being registered 
 as a Parliamentary elector. 
 
 The following resolutions were passed by a majority: 
 
 35. This Conference, having considered the recommendation 
 of the Royal Commission on the Poor Liaws and Relief of Distress, 
 is of opinion that no person who has received poor relief other 
 than medical relief for less than thirty days in the aggregate 
 during the qualifying period, shall be disqualified for being 
 registered as a parliamentary elector. 
 
 36. At any election in a single member constituency where 
 there are more than two candidates, the election shall be held 
 on the system of voting known as the alternative vote. 
 
 37. (a) Provision shall be made to enable any person who is 
 on the Parliamentary Register in any constituency to have his 
 name entered in a List of Absent Voters, and to record his 
 vote as such, provided that he satisfies the Registration Officer 
 that the nature of his employment will render it probable that he 
 will be compelled to be absent from the constituency on the 
 day when the poll will be taken. 
 
 (b) The Absent Voters' List shall be prepared at the same 
 time as the ordinary Register, and should remain in force during 
 the currency of that Register. 
 
746 APPENDIX V. 
 
 (c) A printed ballot paper shall be sent to every voter at the 
 address registered by him for the purpose in such form and 
 manner as will secure the secrecy of the ballot. 
 
 (d) The ballot paper sh%ll be returnable by post on or before 
 the polling day, accompanied by a statutory declaration of 
 identity in a prescribed form. 
 
 (e) A person whose name is on the Absent Voters' List shall 
 not be entitled to vote otherwise than as an absent voter. 
 
 In conclusion, I should like to bear witness to the admirable- 
 temper and conciliatory disposition which all the members of 
 the Conference showed in grappling with the difficulties con- 
 fronting them. They were convinced, I feel sure, of the great 
 desirability of amicably settling these thorny questions, and of 
 finding a solution for issues fraught with the possibility of 
 engendering grave domestic strife and internal friction. They 
 were desirous of rendering, at a time when the national energies 
 were almost wholly centred upon the successful prosecution of 
 the war, a service which might prove of the highest value to 
 the State, and result in equipping the nation with a truly repre- 
 sentative House of Commons, capable of dealing, and dealing 
 effectively, with the many and gigantic problems which it will 
 have to face and solve as soon as the restoration of peace permits 
 of their calm and dispassionate consideration. 
 
 As a last word, I should like to say, on behalf of all the 
 members of the Conference, how deeply they are indebted to* 
 Mr. Jerred for his unfailing courtesy, his untiring energy, and 
 his accurate acquaintance with the technicalities of electoral 
 matters, all of which gifts he placed unreservedly at the- 
 disposal of the Conference. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 JAMES W. LOWTHER. 
 To the Eight Hon. the Prime Minister. 
 
ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 747 
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 (SUPPLEMENTARY TO APPENDIX I.) 
 
 ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAOK 
 
 1. Order in Council dated June 4th, 1918, prescribing fees 
 
 in connection with registration purposes, registration 
 dates, &c. (E. P. 32) 747 
 
 2. Order in Council dated June 25th, 1918, as to voting 
 
 by proxy by naval and military voters abroad 752 
 
 3. The Proxy Paper Order, 1918 753 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL PRESCRIBING FEES IN 
 CONNECTION WITH REGISTRATION PUR- 
 POSES, REGISTRATION DATES, ETC;, (a). 
 
 K. P. 32. 
 
 At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 4th day of June, 
 1918. 
 
 . PRESENT, 
 
 The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. 
 
 WHEREAS under the Representation of the People Act, 1918 
 (hereinafter referred to as " the Act "), various matters are to be 
 prescribed by His Majesty by Order in Council: 
 
 And whereas in particular provision is made by the Act as 
 follows : 
 
 "His Majesty may by Order in Council prescribe the 
 forms to be used for registration 1 purposes and any fees to 
 be taken in connection therewith, and alter the rules con- 
 tained in the Pirst Schedule to this Act for the purpose of 
 carrying this Act into full effect" . . . (s. 13 (2)) (6): 
 
 () See sect. 13 (2), pp. 133, 134, supra, and First Schedule, Rule 31, 
 pp. 350, 351, supra. 
 
 (b) See pp. 133, 134, snpia. 
 
748 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 '* Any document required to be published shall be kept 
 published for the prescribed time " (First Schedule, 
 Eule 31) (c): 
 
 And whereas by Orders in Council dated respectively the 4th 
 day of March, 1918 (d), and the 22nd day of March, 1918 (e), 
 made under the powers conferred by the said Act, His Majesty 
 in Council has been pleased to fix certain registration dates 
 and dates governing the qualifying period, and also certain forms 
 for registration purposes, and it is expedient that the said dates 
 and forms should in some respects be altered: 
 
 And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question 
 which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and 
 as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication 
 Act, 1893,. as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it 
 is necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for 
 the matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation 
 forthwith: 
 
 Now, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice 
 of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as 
 follows: 
 
 1. The documents mentioned in the First Schedule to this 
 Order shall, as respects the First Register, be kept published in 
 Great Britain until the dates specified in tlie second column of 
 that Schedule, and in Ireland until the dates specified in the 
 third column of that Schedule. 
 
 2. The fees specified in the Second Schedule to this Order may 
 be taken in connection with registration purposes, and shall for 
 the purposes of the Act be deemed to be the prescribed fees. 
 
 3. The names in the absent voters list (/) shall be arranged in 
 the same order (#) as that in which those names appear in the 
 register, and the list shall be in the form set out in the Third 
 Schedule to this Order. 
 
 This rule shall not apply to Scotland. 
 
 4. There shall be added as a supplement to that part of the 
 register which relates to any polling district a list, giving with 
 respect to persons who, though not resident in that polling Dis- 
 trict, are entitled to vote at a polling place for that district 
 under Rule 24 (h) of the First Schedule to the Act, the same 
 particulars as are contained with respect to those persons in 
 the register, adding in the third column a reference to the 
 polling district where any such person is registered, provided 
 that the names shall be numbered consecutively after other names 
 in the list for such first-mentioned polling district. 
 
 5. Claims under the said Rule 24 (h) must be made for the 
 purposes of the first register before the 31st day of July in 
 
 (c) See pp. 3oO, 351, snpra. 
 
 (d) See pp. 613, 614, supra. 
 
 (e) See pp. 626-627, #/>/>/. 
 
 (/) See Rule 3, p. 340, supra, aud pp. 345, 346, supra. 
 (g) See Rule 4, p. 340, *npra. 
 (h} See p. 348, supra. 
 
ADDITIONAL OKDEKS IN COUNCIL. 749 
 
 Great Britain, and before the 26th. day of July in Ireland, and 
 shall be in the form set out in the Fourth Schedule to this Order 
 or a form to the like effect. 
 
 6. In connection with the first register to be prepared under 
 the Act, the registration dates and dates governing the qualify- 
 ing period referred to in the Fifth Schedule to this Order shall 
 instead of the dates specified in the said Orders of the 4th day 
 of March, 1918 (/), and the 22nd day of March, 1918 (7c), be 
 the dates specified in the Third Column to the Fifth Schedule 
 to this Order. 
 
 This rule shall not apply to Ireland. 
 
 7. Where 
 
 (a) the statement of any naval or military voter made in 
 
 the prescribed form (/) that he would have had the 
 necessary qualification in any constituency but for 
 his service; or 
 
 (b) (subject to verification by the registration officer) any 
 
 statement containing similar particulars supplied by 
 or on behalf of the Admiralty, Army Council, or Air 
 Council (in}, 
 
 is received by the registration officer too late for inclusion in the 
 electors lists that statement may for all the purposes of the Act 
 and rules made thereunder be treated as a claim to be registered. 
 
 8. Where the registration officer receives from a merchant 
 seaman, pilot or fisherman any such statement as aforesaid which 
 includes a statement of actual residence (n) and is therefore to 
 be regarded as a claim and declaration under section 5 (1) o*f 
 the Act, he shall nevertheless place the person from whom the 
 statement is received on the absent voters list unless he gives 
 notice that he does not so desire. 
 
 9. Where a statement (o) for the purposes of the first register 
 is received by the registration officer not later than the 17th 
 of August in respect of a person already on the electors lists, 
 otherwise than as a naval or military voter,, indicating to his 
 satisfaction that that person is serving on full pay as a member 
 of any of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown, the 
 registration officer shall place that person on the absent voters 
 list unless before that date he gives notice that he does not so 
 desire. 
 
 10. The form specified in the Sixth Schedule to this Order shall 
 be substituted for Form VI. in Part I. of the Schedule to the 
 said Order of the 22nd day of March (p) (which prescribes forms 
 for Scotland), but any claim made in the form as prescribed by 
 
 () See pp. 613, 6H, wpra. 
 (k) See pp. 626627, supra. 
 (I) See pp. 571574, supra. 
 (/) See Rule 18, p. 346, supra. 
 () See p. 573, supra. 
 (6) See pp. 571 574, supra. 
 (p) See pp. 626627, supra. 
 
750 
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 the said Order shall nevertheless be valid for the purposes of the 
 first register. 
 
 11. As respects any registration unit in Ireland in which, 
 there is no post office or other convenient place at which copies 
 of documents relating to the unit can be made available for 
 inspection as required by Rules 27 (q) and 31 (r) of the First 
 Schedule to the Act, it shall be sufficient compliance with that 
 requirement if copies of the documents are made available for 
 inspection by the public at the office of the council of the county 
 district comprising the registration unit, or at some other con- 
 venient place in that district to which the public have access 
 instead of in the registration unit itself, and accordingly those 
 rules shall be amended so as to give effect to this provision. 
 
 12. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, 
 except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in 
 accordance with the provisions of section 2 of the Eules Publi- 
 cation Act, 1893. 
 
 ALMBEIC FiTzRov. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Nature of Document. 
 
 Electors Lists (First Schedule, 
 Rule 6). 
 
 Notice as to mode of making 
 claims and objections (First 
 Schedule, Rule 6). 
 
 Corrupt and Illegal Practices 
 Lists (First Schedule, Rule 8). 
 
 List of Claimants (First Sche- 
 dule, Rule 11). 
 
 List of persons to whose regis- 
 tration notice of objection 
 has been given (First Sche- 
 dule, Rule 14). 
 
 List of claimants to whose re- 
 gistration notice of objection 
 has been jjiven. 
 
 Register (First Schedule. Rule 
 27). 
 
 See p. 849, s 
 
 Dates. 
 
 As regards Great 
 Britain. 
 
 July 18th. 
 Aug-ust 1st. 
 
 July 18th. 
 August 1st. 
 August 1st. 
 
 As regards Ireland. 
 
 July 5th. 
 July 26th. 
 
 July 5th. 
 July 26th. 
 July 26th. 
 
 1 4 th day after 
 publication. 
 
 The date of the 
 coining into 
 force of the 
 next register. 
 
 14th day after 
 publication. 
 
 The date of the 
 coming into 
 
 force of the next 
 register. 
 
 (r) See pp. 350, 351, *upra. 
 
ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 
 
 751 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 FEES FOR COPIES OF LISTS, REGISTERS, ETC. 
 
 s.d. 
 
 l.*Fpr a copy of the electors lists or of so much of the 
 lists as relates to any registration unit or units: 
 
 not exceeding 100 names 4 
 
 for each additional 100 (or part of 100) 2 
 
 :2.fFor a copy of any claim or notice of objection 4 
 
 3.J For a copy of the register or of so much of the 
 register as relates to any registration unit or units: 
 
 not exceeding 100 names 4 
 
 for each additional 100 (or part of 100) 2 
 
 * Schedule 1, R. 33. t Schedule 1, R. 33. 
 
 + Schedule 1, R. 28. 
 
 THIRD SCHEDULE. 
 
 ABSENT VOTERS LIST FOR THE CONSTITUENCY OF 
 Polling District 
 
 Number 
 
 as shewn j Names in Full, 
 in the \ (Surname first.) 
 Register. I 
 
 Qualifying 
 Premises 
 
 as shewn in 
 Column 3 
 
 of Register. 
 
 3. 
 
 In the case of Naval or 
 Military Voters descrip- 
 tion of Service, Ship, 
 Regiment, Number, Rank, 
 Rating, &c. In the case 
 of other Voters, recorded 
 address. 
 
 4. 
 
APPENDIX VI. 
 
 FOURTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 FORM OF CLAIM TO VOTE IN POLLING DISTRICT WHERE 
 VOTER DOES NOT RESIDE. 
 
 To the Registration Officer for 
 Address 
 
 I, being entered in the electors lists as a Parliamentary 
 elector for the above constituency as follows: * 
 
 and being resident atf , which is not in the polling district 
 
 in which I am entitled to be registered, hereby claim to vote 
 at the polling place situate at^ 
 for the polling district 
 
 Signed 
 
 Date 
 
 * Here insert extract from printed electors lists giving registration 
 unit and polling district. 
 
 t Here insert full postal address of residence. 
 
 J Here insert name of place where elector claims to vote. 
 
 Here insert distinctive letter and name (if any) of polling district. 
 
 FIFTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 REGISTRATION DATES, ETC. 
 
 Subject-matter. 
 
 End of qualifying period . 
 
 Publication of lists . 
 
 Last day for objections to elec- 
 tors lists. 
 
 Last day for claims . 
 
 Last day for claims as absent 
 voters. 
 
 Date referred to in Rule 17 
 
 Publication of list of objections 
 to electors lists. 
 
 Publication of list of claimants. 
 
 Last day for objections to 
 claimants. 
 
 Publication of list of objections 
 to claimants (as soon as prac- 
 ticable after). 
 
 Publication and coming into 
 force of register. 
 
 Date specified in Act. I Substituted date. 
 
 15th Jan. July 
 1st Feb. Aug. 
 15th Feb. Aug. 
 
 18th Feb. Aug. 
 18th Feb. Aug. 
 
 18th Feb. Aug. 
 2 1st Feb. Aug. 
 
 24th Feb. Aug. 
 7th Mar. 4th Sep. 
 
 7th Mar. 4th Sep. 
 
 15th April Oct. 
 
 loth April 
 29th June 
 10th July 
 
 17th July 
 3 1st July 
 
 17th August 
 19th July 
 
 25th July 
 3 1st July 
 
 31st July 
 
 1st October 
 
ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 753 
 
 SIXTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 SUBSTITUTED POEM. 
 \Here follows form applicable to Scotland,^ 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL DATED JUNE 25m, 1918, 
 AS TO VOTING BY PEOXY BY NAVAL 
 AND MILITARY VOTERS ABROAD (/>). 
 
 WHEEEAS under Section twenty-three (6) of the Eepresentation 
 of the People Act, 1918, power is conferred on His Majesty by 
 Order in Council to direct that voting by proxy by naval or 
 military voters shall be permitted in any area on land abroad 
 mentioned in the Order if it appears to Him that ballot papers 
 sent to that area by post cannot reasonably be returned before 
 the votes are counted, and that the case cannot be met by an 
 Order under the said section twenty-three postponing the count- 
 ing of votes: 
 
 And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question 
 which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and 
 as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Eules Publication 
 Act, 1893, as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it is 
 necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for 
 the matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation 
 forthwith: 
 
 Now, therefore, His Majesty, being satisfied as aforesaid, is 
 pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, 
 and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 
 
 1. Voting by proxy by naval and military voters shall be 
 permitted in all areas on land outside the British Islands, except 
 areas in France or Belgium. 
 
 2. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, 
 except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in 
 accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of the Eules Pub- 
 lication Act, 1893. 
 
 ALMEEIO FiTzEoy. 
 
 (b) See s. 23 (4) (a), p. 174, and p. 201, supra. 
 
 F. 48 
 
754 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL DATED JUNE BOTH, 1918, 
 PRESCRIBING FORMS RELATING TO 
 PROXY PAPERS, BEING THE PROXY 
 PAPER ORDER, 1918 (c). 
 
 WHEREAS under Section twenty-three (c) of the Representation 
 of the People Act, 1918, power is conferred on His Majesty in 
 Council to prescribe the forms to be used for the purposes of the 
 eaid section, and to make regulations as to the mode in which 
 proxy papers may be issued and cancelled, and generally for the 
 purpose of carrying the said section into effect: 
 
 And whereas it is expedient, in order to avoid any question 
 which may arise, to comply as respects England and Wales and 
 as respects Ireland with the provisions of the Rules Publication 
 Act, 1893, as to the matters dealt with under this Order, and it is 
 necessary on account of urgency that any Order providing for the 
 matters dealt with by this Order should come into operation 
 forthwith: 
 
 Now, therefore, His Majesty, being satisfied as aforesaid, is 
 pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, 
 and it is hereby ordered, as follows: 
 
 A. ISSUE OF PROXY PAPERS. 
 
 1. An Application by an elector for the issue of a proxy 
 paper must be in the following form or in a form to the like 
 effect: 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 Application for appointment of a Proxy. 
 
 To the Registration Officer for {Here insert name of county 
 or borough in which the qualifying premises are situated]. 
 
 I, being entitled to vote by proxy and being or believ- 
 
 ing myself to be qualified for registration as a Parliamentary 
 elector in respect of {Here insert address of qualifying premises, 
 including if possible the county or borough or parish as the case 
 may be~\ hereby apply for the issue of a proxy paper appointing 
 {Here insert no/me of person to act as proxyj who resides at 
 [Here insert his or her full address'] and is [Here insert relation- 
 ship, if any, to the elector'] or failing him or her [Here may be in- 
 serted one or two other names (ivith addresses and relationship to 
 the elector, if any} in order of preference, if the elector desires 
 alternatives in case the first named is unwilling or unable to 
 
 (c} See s. 23 (6), p. 176, supra, and Third Schedule, pp. 359362, supra. 
 
ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN^ COUNCIL. 755 
 
 act or is not qualified for acting] as my proxy to vote on my 
 behalf at Parliamentary elections for the constituency of 
 Signed , 
 
 '[Here insert merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman, or 
 Red Cross or other recognised war service, or if the elector 
 is in the Navy, Army or Air Force, particulars as to num- 
 ber, ship, regiment, rank, rating , &c.] 
 
 Witnessed by [The witness should be some person to whom 
 the elector is known and in the case of a sailor, soldier or air- 
 man should, if possible, be an officer'], 
 Bank, occupation, &c. 
 Date 
 
 2. An Application by a person authorised by an elector for 
 the issue of a proxy paper shall be made by sending or deliver- 
 ing to the Registration Officer an authorisation by the elector 
 in the following form or in a form to the like effect: 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 Authority to apply for appointment of a Proxy. 
 
 To the Registration Officer for [Here insert name of county 
 or borough in which the qualifying premises are situated]. 
 
 I, being entitled to vote by proxy and being or believ- 
 
 ing myself to be qualified for registration as a Parliamentary 
 elector in respect of [Here insert address of qualifying premises, 
 including if possible the county or borough or parish as the 
 case may be] hereby authorise [Here insert name of person 
 authorised to apply for proxy paper] who resides at 
 to apply for the issue of a proxy paper appointing {Here insert 
 name of person to act as proxy, and his or her full address] 
 who resides at and who is [Here insert relationship, if 
 
 any, to the elector] or failing him or her [Here may be inserted 
 one or two other names (with addresses and relationship to the 
 elector if any] in order of preference, if the elector desires 
 alternatives in case the first named is unwilling or unable to 
 act, or is not qualified for acting] as my proxy to vote on my 
 behalf at Parliamentary elections for the constituency of 
 Signed , 
 
 [Here insert merchant seaman, pilot or fisherman, or 
 Red Cross or other recognised war service, or if the elector 
 is fm the Navy, Ai*,my or Air Force, particulars as to num- 
 ber, ship, regiment, rank, rating, &c.] 
 
 Witnessed by [The witness should be some person to ivhom 
 the elector is known, and in the case of a sailor, soldier, or air- 
 man should, if possible, be an officer], 
 Rank, occupation, &c. 
 Bate 
 
 NOTE. This authority will not be recognised unless it is duly 
 signed and witnessed and dated, and the name and address of the 
 authorised person and the names of the person or persons, one 
 of whom is to be appointed as proxy, are filled in by the elector. 
 Any other particulars may, if desired, be left to be filled in by 
 
 48(2) 
 
756 ^APPENDIX VI. 
 
 the authorised person. The authorised person must send or 
 deliver this form to the Eegistration Officer. 
 
 The authorised person may, of course, be entered as the person 
 or one of the persons to be appointed as proxy, if qualified. 
 If so, it will be convenient if before sending this form to the 
 Eegistration Officer he will sign the statement below showing that 
 he is willing to act as proxy. 
 
 I am willing to act as Proxy. 
 
 Date . Signature of authorised person 
 
 3. The Registration Officer on receiving an application for the 
 appointment of a proxy shall if satisfied that a proxy may be 
 appointed intimate to the person named as proxy (or if more than 
 one is named to the first named) unless he knows that that person 
 is not qualified to be appointed as proxy, or has expressed his 
 unwillingness to act, that it is proposed to appoint him as proxy 
 for the elector, and that if no notice is received within seven days 
 intimating that he is unwilling or unable to act as proxy for the 
 elector, a proxy paper will be issued to him and he will be 
 entered on the list of proxies. 
 
 If at the expiration of the said seven days no notice is received 
 intimating that the person named (or first named) as proxy is 
 unable or unwilling so to act, the Registration Officer shall send 
 or deliver a proxy paper to that person, unless otherwise directed, 
 and shall enter his name on the list of proxies. 
 
 4. If within seven days from the date of sending the intimation 
 notice is received by the Registration Officer informing him that 
 the person named as proxy is unable or unwilling so to act the 
 E/egistration Officer shall, if a second or third name is given in 
 tho form of application, deal in like manner with the person or 
 persons so named. 
 
 If the person named or, if more than one person is named, all 
 of the persons named, are unable or unwilling so to act, or are not 
 qualified to act, or if for any other reason the Registration Officer 
 does not comply with the application and issue a proxy paper, the 
 Registration Officer shall send a notice to the elector informing 
 him that no proxy paper has been issued and explaining the 
 reason. 
 
 5. The proxy paper to be issued by the Registration Officer 
 shall be in the following form or a form to the like effect: 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 
 PROXY PAPER. 
 Constituency 
 
 Polling District 
 (Name) 
 (Address) 
 
 is hereby appointed as Proxy for 
 (Name of elector) 
 
 who is registered as a Parliamentary Elector in respect of 
 (Address of qualifying premises) 
 
ADDITIONAL ORDERS IN COUNCIL. 757 
 
 to vote for such elector at all Parliamentary Elections for the 
 above constituency whilst this Proxy Paper remains in force. 
 Signature of Registration Officer 
 Date 
 
 NOTE. The person appointed as Proxy should carefully pre- 
 serve this paper which must be produced at each election to 
 the Presiding Officer at the polling booth, who will then issue 
 a ballot paper to be marked in the usual way. 
 
 B. CANCELLATION OP PROXY PAPBES. 
 
 6. A notice to the Registration Officer cancelling a proxy paper 
 must be in the following form or in a form to the like effect: 
 
 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1918. 
 To the Registration Officer for 
 
 I, being registered as a Parliamentary elector in respect 
 
 of the following premises \Here insert address of qualifying pre- 
 mises, including, if possible, the county or borough or parish 
 as the case may be~] hereby cancel any proxy paper issued in 
 respect of the above qualification. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Witnessed by \The witness should be some person to whom 
 the elector is known, and in the case of a sailor, soldier or air- 
 man should, if possible, be an officer]. 
 Date 
 
 7. Where a proxy paper is cancelled the Registration Officer 
 shall send notice of the cancellation to the person who has been 
 appointed proxy under the cancelled paper, and shall delete his 
 name from the list of proxies. 
 
 0. GENERAL. 
 
 8. This Order shall take effect from the date hereof, and, 
 except as respects Scotland, shall take effect provisionally in 
 accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of the Rules Pub- 
 lication Act, 1893. 
 
 9. This Order may be cited as the Proxy Paper Order, 1918. 
 
 ALMERIC 
 
( 759 ) 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ABEOAD, meaning of, 83. 
 
 ABSENT EMPLOYEE, 
 
 be entitled to business premises qualification, 36. 
 
 ABSENT VOTEE, 
 
 not to vote except as, under sect. 23... 176, 202203. 
 special provisions as to allowing more time for receipt of 
 
 ballot papers during war, 173 174, 200. 
 voting by, 172 203. 
 
 ABSENT VOTEES LIST, 177178. 
 who is to be entered on, 178. 
 
 naval or military voters to be placed on, 177 178. 
 who may claim to be placed on, 345. 
 time for claim, 345. 
 
 who is to be placed on, by registration officer, 345 346. 
 naval or military voter, duty of registration officer to place 
 
 on, 345346. 
 
 naval or military voter, when not to be placed on, 345 346. 
 record of addresses of persons on, to be kept, 346. 
 person whose name is on, not to vote except as absent 
 
 voter under sect. 23... 176, 202203. 
 preparation of, by registration officer, 340. 
 
 ABSOLUTELY EXEMPTED, conscientious objector, 113. 
 ACT, commencement of present, 336. 
 
 ACTING EETUENING OFFIOEE, 
 
 discharge of returning officer's duties by, 217 220. 
 who is, 217, 218. 
 
 ACTS, ADAPTATION OF, 308, 386388. 
 Scotland, 388390. 
 Ireland, 390. 
 
760 INDEX. 
 
 ACTS AND BULBS BELATING TO CIVIL SEBVIOE, 
 what are, 153. 
 
 ACTS MADE PEBMANENT, 278. 
 ACTUAL BESIDENCE, what is, 1112. 
 
 ADDBESSES, EEOOED OF, 
 
 registration officer to keep, of naval or military voters and 
 
 persons on absent voters list, 346. 
 conditions under which, open to inspection, 346. 
 
 ADMIBALTY, 
 
 list of work recognised by, Army Council and Air Council 
 
 as of national importance, 635. 
 information as to naval or military voters to be supplied to 
 
 registration officer by, Army Council and Air Council, 346. 
 rules by, proscribing meaning of "afloat," 628. 
 
 APMINISTBATIVE COUNTY, meaning of, 63. 
 
 ADVEBTISEMENTS, OIECULAES OE PUBLICATIONS, 
 meaning of "publications," 271. 
 
 AFLOAT, 
 
 expression, to be interpreted in accordance with rules made 
 
 by Admiralty, 308. 
 meaning of, 8384, 628. 
 rules by Admiralty prescribing meaning of, 628. 
 
 AGE, 
 
 how reckoned, 307. 
 
 when attained, 4. 
 
 declaration as to, registration officer may require, before 
 
 registering any person, 352. 
 fee in connection with, 352. 
 registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, 
 
 to be made, 352. 
 
 required for naval or military voter, 80 82. 
 male naval or military voter qualified at 19 years of, 80 82. 
 
 AGE, FULL, what is, 4. 
 
 AGENT, ELECTION. See ELECTION AGENT. 
 
INDEX. 761 
 
 AIR COUNCIL, 
 
 information as to naval or military voters to be supplied 
 by Admiralty, Army Council and, to registration officers, 
 346. 
 
 list of work recognised by, Admiralty and Army Council 
 as of national importance, 035. 
 
 ALIEN, subject to legal incapacity, 5. 
 ANNUAL VALUE. See YEAELY VALUE. 
 
 APPEAL, 
 
 notice of, from decision of registration officer, when and 
 
 how to be given, 350. 
 notice of, to be forwarded by registration officer to County 
 
 Court, 350. 
 
 statement of material facts to accompany notice, 350. 
 information to be furnished to County Court by registration 
 
 officer when required, 350. 
 from registration officer, when lies, 137. 
 to County Coujrt, when lies, 137. 
 from County Court to Court of Appeal, when lies, 135, 137 
 
 138. 
 
 in Scotland, 138. 
 in Ireland, 138139. 
 consolidation of appeals, when registration officer to inform 
 
 County Court that it appears desirable, 350. 
 test case, 350. 
 
 APPEAL, COURT OP, 
 
 appeal from County Court to, 135, 137138. 
 rules of, 135137, 669671. 
 
 APPEALS, 134139. 
 in Scotland, 138. 
 in Ireland, 138139. 
 
 APPEAEANOE 
 
 of parties on hearing of claims and objections, 353. 
 
 AREA in which voting by proxy is permitted, 174, 201, 753. 
 
 AREA, LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORAL, 
 definition, 305. 
 
762 INDEX. 
 
 AREA, REGISTRATION, 
 what is, 128, 130131. 
 in Scotland, 131. 
 in Ireland, 132. 
 
 AREA, VOTING, what is, 339. 
 
 ARMY COUNCIL, 
 
 list of work recognised by, Admiralty and Air Council as 
 
 of national importance, 635. 
 
 information as to naval or military voters to be supplied 
 by Admiralty, and Air Council to registration officers, 346. 
 
 ASSISTANT OVERSEER, 
 
 compensation to, who suffers loss in consequence of Act, 
 
 148153. 
 
 meaning of, in sect. 18... 149. 
 in Ireland, 153, 332. 
 
 ASYLUM, LUNATIC, 
 
 patient in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. 
 
 AUTHORITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, meaning of, 124. 
 
 AUTUMN REGISTER, 125130. 
 
 period during which, in force, 127 128. 
 
 BALLOT ACT, 1872, 
 
 made permanent, 278. 
 
 modifications of, 357 358. 
 
 modified by sect. 21 of Act, 161, 162163. 
 
 offences under, 285 287. 
 
 BALLOT PAPER, 
 
 grounds for rejection of, by returning officer, 182 200. 
 rules as to, 182 200. 
 when invalid, 182 200. 
 
 want of official mark, 186 187. 
 
 voting for more candidates than entitled to, 187. 
 
 writing or mark by which voter could be identified, 187. 
 
 unmarked or void for uncertainty, 187 200. 
 counting of, 182200. 
 sending, to absent voter, 180. 
 
INDEX. 763 
 
 BALLOT PAPER continued. 
 spoilt, 210. 
 
 tendered, marking, 166. 
 asking for, in circumstances which only entitle voter to 
 
 mafk tendered, not an illegal practice under sect. 22... 
 
 164165, 166. 
 marked by absent voter, to be treated by returning officer 
 
 like ordinary, 173, 181200. 
 not to be sent to absent voter who has appointed proxy, 
 
 175176, 202. 
 not to be sent to naval or military voter who is serving in 
 
 area where voting by proxy is permitted, 175 176, 202. 
 
 BIETH, CERTIFICATE OF, 
 
 registration officer may require, before registering any 
 
 person, 352. 
 
 how any person requiring, may obtain, 353. 
 fee, 353. 
 
 BLAOKROCK AND PEMBROKE, 
 
 townships of, contributions by, in respect of registration 
 expenses, 145. 
 
 BODIES WITHIN SECT. 5 (3) (ii) (b), 
 list of, with addresses, 608. 
 
 BODIES RECOGNIZED AS WORK OF NATIONAL IMPOR- 
 TANCE, list of, with addresses, 608609. 
 
 BOROUGH, 
 
 when expression includes a university constituency, 281. 
 
 BOROUGH COUNCIL, registration expenses and, 139145. 
 
 BOROUGH ELECTION, 
 
 expression, in First Schedule (Part IV.) of Corrupt Prac- 
 tices Act, 1883, as to maximum scale of election expenses 
 includes university election, 281. 
 
 BOROUGH FUND OR BOROUGH RATE, 
 
 registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. 
 
 when no, how paid, 139 140. 
 contribution by Parliament to, 141. 
 
764 INDEX. 
 
 BOROUGHS, PARLIAMENTARY, 
 
 list of, showing divisions, contents, and number of members 
 London, 40^-419. 
 England, excluding London and Monmouthshire, 419 
 
 46$. 
 
 Wales and Monmouthshire, 466 467. 
 Scotland, 468481. 
 
 list of, containing more than one borough or urban district, 
 633634. 
 
 BRIBERY, 289 291. 
 
 punishment for, 293 294. 
 
 BRITISH SUBJECT, 
 
 alone qualified, 121122. 
 
 effect of provisions of sect. 9 (3) as to persons not, 1,22. 
 effect of disqualification of aliens, 122. 
 See also ALIEN, LEGAL INCAPACITY. 
 
 BUSINESS, meaning of, 3436. 
 BUSINESS PREMISES, what are, 28. 
 
 BUSINESS PREMISES QUALIFICATION, 
 what is, 2437. 
 of naval or military voter (male), 86 91. 
 
 BYE-ELECTION. See ELECTION. 
 
 CANDIDATE, 
 
 at parliamentary election, meaning of, 271 273. 
 
 expenses of. See ELECTION EXPENSES. 
 
 may use elementary school for public meetings, 204 206. 
 
 must include charge for use of school in election expenses, 
 206. 
 
 need not include damage to school in election expenses, 206. 
 
 deposit by, 207208. 
 
 forfeiture of deposit by, 208 210. 
 
 deemed to be withdrawn within provisions of Ballot 
 Act, 208. 
 
 withdrawn in pursuance of Ballot Act, 208. 
 
 death of, commencement afresh of proceedings with rela- 
 tion to election on, 163 164. 
 
INDEX. 765 
 
 CANDIDATE, PEESONS EMPLOYED BY, 
 
 previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 
 
 CASUAL VACANCY, 
 
 meaning of election to fill a, 111. 
 voting at election to fill, 111112. 
 
 local government elector may vote for more than one ward 
 or electoral division to fill, 110 112. 
 
 OENTEAL TEIBUNAL, 
 what is, 119. 
 
 procedure by applicant before, 119. 
 time for application to, 119. 
 certificate of, 120121. 
 
 OEETIFICATE, 
 
 of Central Tribunal, 120121. 
 
 authorizing employ^ of returning officer to vote at polling 
 station other than allotted polling station, 203 204. 
 
 OIECULAES, 
 
 issuing, for purpose of promoting or procuring election of 
 candidate, by unauthorized persons, 269 277. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON. See LONDON. 
 
 CIVIL SEEVICE, ACTS AND EULES EELATINQ- TO, 
 what are, 1,53. 
 
 OHAMBEES IN INNS OF COUET, are a "house," 19. 
 
 OHAIEMAN OF UEBAN DISTEIOT COUNCIL, 
 returning officer, 211. 
 
 CLAIM, 
 
 who may make, to be registered, 342. 
 
 time for making, 342343. 
 
 form of, 343, 562569. 
 
 where, made by another person on behalf of claimant, 343. 
 
 publication by registration officer of lists of claimants, 343. 
 
 time for, 343. 
 consideration of, by registration officer, 347. 
 
 time for, 347. 
 
 notice to parties as to, 347. 
 powers of registration officer on, 347. 
 registration officer to supply forms of, without fee, 351. 
 registration officer to supply copy of, on payment of fee, 35L 
 
766 INDEX. 
 
 CLAIM continued . 
 
 mode of sending, 351. 
 
 who may appear on consideration of, 353. 
 
 powers and duty of registration officer with respect to cor- 
 rection of lists in consequence of his decision on, 347 
 348. 
 
 notice as to mode of making, duty of registration officer 
 to publish, 341. 
 
 appeal from decision of registration officer as to, 134-137. 
 
 by naval or military voter to be registered for actual resi- 
 dence qualification, 91 92. 
 
 CLAIM AS TO POLLING PLACE, 
 
 person residing outside polling district in which he is regis- 
 tered may make claim to vote at another polling 
 place, 348. 
 form of claim, 752. 
 
 CLAIMANT, 
 
 appeal by. See APPEAL. 
 
 no appeal by, who has not availed himself of opportunity 
 of being heard before registration officer, 135, 137. 
 
 CLAIMANTS, LISTS OF, 
 
 publication by registration officer of, 343. 
 time for, 343. 
 
 CLEEK, 
 
 in employment of candidate, previous disqualification of, 
 removed, 115, 122. 
 
 COMMON COUNCIL, 
 
 registration expenses of, how paid, 146. 
 
 COMMENCEMENT OF ACT, 336. 
 
 COMPENSATION TO ASSISTANT OVEESEEES, 148153. 
 how calculated, 149152. 
 
 CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOE, 117121. 
 legally incapacitated, 7, 118. 
 effect of disqualification, 118. 
 taking up service of naval or military voter, 119120. 
 
 time for, 120. 
 
 taking up work of national importance, 120. 
 absolutely exempted, 113. 
 wife of, not disqualified, 121. 
 
INDEX. 767 
 
 CONSTITUENCY, 
 
 meaning of, other than a university constituency, 3, foot- 
 note (a). 
 
 meaning of words "in that constituency," in sect. 4 (1)... 
 7172. 
 
 registration in more than one, 108. 
 
 definition, 305. 
 
 division of county or borough regarded as, 305. 
 
 university, definition of, 306. 
 
 'OONSTEUCTIVE OCCUPATION, 
 
 in business premises qualification, 26 27. 
 in local government franchise, 44 45. 
 
 OONSTEUOTIVE RESIDENCE, what is, 1.215. 
 CONVICT, legally incapacitated, 56. 
 
 COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEACTICES, 
 
 committed outside United Kingdom, 283 303. 
 period of time within which proceedings in respect of, must 
 be commenced, 302303. 
 
 OOEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PRACTICES LIST, 
 duty of registration officer to publish, 342. 
 
 COEEUPT AND ILLEGAL PEAOTICES PEEVENTION 
 ACT, 1883, made permanent, 278. 
 
 COEEUPT PEAOTIOE, 
 
 incurring expenses on account of public meetings, etc., 
 
 without candidate's authorization, 274 376. 
 punishment, 274r 276. 
 list of corrupt practices, 287293. 
 punishment of personation, 287 288. 
 
 other, 293294. 
 person guilty of, when subject to legal incapacity, 6 7. 
 
 COEEUPT OFFENCE, PEESON GUILTY OF, 
 legally incapacitated, 7. 
 
 COUNCIL, BOROUGH, registration expenses and, 139141. 
 COUNCIL, COUNTY, registration expenses and, 139141. 
 
 OOUNOILLOE, 
 
 qualification of, for membership of local government autho- 
 rity, 123124. 
 
768 INDEX. 
 
 COUNSEL, 
 
 may not appear on hearing of claim or objection, 353. 
 may appear on appeal, 641. 
 
 COUNTIES, PARLIAMENTARY, 
 
 list of, showing divisions, contents and number of members 
 England, excluding Monmouthshire, 482 536. 
 Wales and Monmouthshire, 536 543. 
 Scotland, 543554. 
 
 list of, containing more than one county, 632. 
 
 COUNTY COUNCIL, registration expenses and, 139141. 
 
 COUNTY COURT, 1.35139. 
 defined, 135139. 
 rules of, 135137, 636668. 
 appeal to, when lies, 137. 
 appeal from, 135138. 
 registration officer to furnish information to, when required, 
 
 350. 
 as to consolidation of appeals, 350. 
 
 COUNTY COURT RULES, 135137, 636668. 
 forms, 648661.. 
 
 COUNTY COURT RULES, 1918 (No. 2), 662668. 
 
 COUNTY FUND, 
 
 registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. 
 
 COUNTY PURPOSES, SPECIAL, 
 
 registration expenses may be paid as expenses for, 139 140. 
 
 COURT OF APPEAL, 
 . appeal from County Court to, 135 138. 
 rules of, 135137, 669671. 
 
 COURT, RULES OF, 135137, 636671. 
 
 DATES, 
 
 in connection with first register, 128 129. 
 alteration of, in connection with first register, 336. 
 See also REGISTRATION DATES. 
 
 DAY OF ELECTION, 
 
 meaning of, at general election, 179 180. 
 at bye-election, 179, 180. 
 
INDEX. ?69 
 
 DAY OP NOMINATION. See NOMINATION. 
 DAY OF THE POLL, See POLL. 
 
 DECLARATION OF IDENTITY, 
 
 to be sent with ballot paper to absent voter, 173, 181. 
 
 DECLARATION, 
 
 as to age or nationality, registration officer may require, 
 
 before registering any person, 352. 
 fee in connection with, 352. 
 registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, 
 
 to be made, 353,. 
 
 by candidate as to election expenses, 264. 
 by election agent as to election expenses, 264. 
 
 DECLARATIONS, 
 
 at university election, provided by present Act, 358. 
 
 DEPOSIT, 
 
 by candidates, 207 208. 
 forfeiture of candidate's, 208210. 
 at university election, 210. 
 
 when election held under system of transferable vote, 
 how number of votes reckoned, 210. 
 
 DESCRIPTION, INACCURATE, 
 
 provisions as to misnomer or, 353 354. 
 
 DIRECT PECUNIARY LOSS, meaning of, 149152. 
 
 DIRECTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD 
 
 to registration officers, 133. 
 
 See also LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF. 
 
 DISQUALIFICATION, 
 
 of returning officer for being candidate removed in certain 
 
 cases, 218, 219. 
 in Scotland, not removed, 220. 
 in Ireland, not removed, 220. 
 
 DISQUALIFICATIONS, 112123. 
 
 poor relief no longer disqualifies, 116 117. 
 conscientious objectors, 117 121. 
 legally incapacitated, 118. 
 effect of disqualification, 118. 
 women cannot be, 117. 
 
 See also LEGAL INCAPACITY. 
 F. 49 
 
770 INDKX. 
 
 DIVISION 
 
 of county or borough regarded as a constituency, 305. 
 
 DOCUMENT, 
 
 destruction, mutilation or removal of, penalty for, 351. 
 
 DOCUMENTS, PUBLICATION OF, 
 
 meaning of, in Registration Eules, 350 351. 
 keeping document published, 351. 
 
 periods during which particular documents must be kept 
 
 published, 748, 750. 
 
 effect of non-compliance with rules as to, 351. 
 penalty, 351. 
 
 DUTIES, REGISTRATION, 133134. 
 
 penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. 
 
 DWELLING-HOUSE, 
 
 what is, 4954, 307. 
 
 inhabited by virtue of office, service or employment, 49 56. 
 
 not inhabited by person in whose service elector is, 55 56. 
 
 does not include lodgings, 70. 
 
 definition of, in present Act, 307. 
 
 ELECTION, 
 
 day of, at general election, meaning of, 179. 
 
 at bye-election, 179. 
 time appointed for, 207 208. 
 when begins, 242250. 
 meaning of, in sect. 8 (2)... 111. 
 to fill a casual vacancy, meaning of, 111. 
 
 voting at, 111 112. 
 
 held during present war or 12 months thereafter, special 
 provisions as to, 337. 
 
 ELECTION AGENT, 
 appointment of, 271. 
 
 necessity for early, 276 277. 
 
 written authorization of, necessary for holding public meet- 
 ing, etc., in support of candidate, 276. 
 
 ELECTION AGENT, SUB-AGENT, POLLING AGENT, 
 CLERK OR MESSENGER, 
 previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 
 
INDEX. 771 
 
 ELECTION, BOROUGH, 
 
 expression, in First Schedule (Part IV.) of Corrupt Practices 
 Act, 1883, as to maximum scale of election expenses in- 
 cludes university election, 281. 
 
 ELECTION EXPENSES, 223264. 
 what are, 224232, 242250. 
 maximum scale of, 223, 228, 229, 230232. 
 return of, 264. 
 
 declaration by election agent, 264. 
 declaration by candidate, 264. 
 persons legally employed for payment, 224226, 231232, 
 
 232242. 
 
 of joint candidates, 229230. 
 illegal practice of incurring expense in excess of maximum, 
 
 231. 
 
 fee to election agent, 232. 
 personal expenses of candidate, 232. 
 public meetings, 250253, 263264. 
 political education, 250 253. 
 pamphlets, etc., 253 254. 
 4( nursing " constituency, 254 255. 
 committee room, 255 256. 
 registration, improving, 257 259. 
 newspaper, 258 259. 
 conversazione, 259 260. 
 expense incurred by association, 260 262. 
 printing and publishing addresses, etc., 262 263. 
 university election, at, 281. 
 
 applicability of maximum scale to, 281. 
 expenses of public meetings, advertisements, circulars, etc., 
 not to be incurred by unauthorized persons, 269 277. 
 
 must be returned as part of candidate's, 276. 
 
 corrupt practice of incurring such expense, 274 276. 
 punishment, 274276. 
 
 written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. 
 charge for use of elementary school to be included in, 206. 
 damage to elementary school need not be included in, 206. 
 
 ELECTION, GENERAL, definition, 306. 
 
 ELECTION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, definition, 305306. 
 
 49(2) 
 
77^ INDEX. 
 
 ELECTION, PLACE OP, 
 what is, 223. 
 
 in Scotland, 223. 
 in Ireland, 223. 
 
 ELECTION PETITION, 
 
 when vote may be disallowed on, 1013 107. 
 
 ELECTION, UNIVERSITY, definition of, 306. 
 See also UNIVERSITY ELECTION. 
 
 ELECTOR, PARLIAMENTARY, 
 
 meaning of, " for a constituency (other than a university 
 
 constituency)," 3, footnote (a). 
 for university constituency, meaning of, 38. 
 
 ELECTORAL AREA, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, definition, 305. 
 
 ELECTORAL DIVISION, WARD OR, 
 
 local government elector not entitled to vote for more than 
 
 one, except to fill casual vacancy, 110 112. 
 local government elector may be registered in more than one, 
 
 except in municipal borough, 111. 
 
 ELECTORS LISTS, 
 
 duty of registration officer with respect to preparation of, 341. 
 
 form of, 341, 603604. 
 
 registration officer to allow inspection of, 351. 
 
 registration officer to allow extracts to be taken from, 351 . 
 
 registration officer on payment of fee to supply copies of, 351 . 
 
 corrections in, by registration officer otherwise than in pur- 
 suance of claim or objection, 348 349. 
 notice to person affected, 348 349. 
 
 formation of, into register, 349. 
 
 powers and duty of registration officer to correct and make 
 complete, 347348. 
 
 duty of registration officer to publish, 341. 
 
 date for publication, 341. 
 
 notice as to mode of making objections to, duty of regis- 
 tration officer to publish, 341. 
 
 notice as to mode of making claims, duty of registry tiou 
 officer to publish, 341. 
 
INDEX. 773 
 
 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 
 
 right to use- of, by candidate, 204 206. 
 
 charge to cover expenses incurred by local education 
 
 authority, 205206, 
 
 to be returned as part of election expenses, 206. 
 damage to, by reason of use by candidate, 205 206. 
 
 not an election expense, 206. 
 meaning of, in Scotland, 207. 
 
 EMPLOYEE 
 
 may possibly be entitled to business premises qualification, 
 36, 37. 
 
 EMPLOYEE, 
 
 when, occupies premises for purpose of business, profession 
 or trade, 34^-36. 
 
 EMPLOYEE, ABSENT, 
 
 may be entitled to business premises qualification, 36. 
 
 EXEMPTION, ABSOLUTE, 
 
 of conscientious objector, effect of, on qualification, 113. 
 
 EXPENSES, 
 
 of returning officer, 214 217. 
 
 Treasury scale of maximum, 216, 217. 
 Treasury regulations as to, 216, 217. 
 of public meetings, advertisements, circulars, etc., not to be 
 
 incurred by unauthorized persons, 269 277. 
 written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. 
 must be returned as part of candidate's election ex- 
 penses, 276. 
 
 incurring, on account of public meetings, or issuing adver- 
 tisements, circulars or publications by unauthorized 
 persons, is corrupt practice, 292 293. 
 punishment for, 293 294. 
 
 EXPENSES, EEGISTEATION, 139145. 
 
 scale of, 610 612. See also EEGISTRATION EXPENSES. 
 
 FAOTOE, 
 
 registration officer may require, of householder, etc., to giy 
 
 information, 352. 
 penalty for not giving or giving false, 352. 
 
774 INDEX. 
 
 FALSE DEOLAEATION, MAKING KNOWINGLY, 292. 
 punishment for, 293294. 
 
 FEE, 
 
 list of foes in connection with registration, 751. 
 for registration for university constituency, 154, 155. 
 fees received by registration officer to be accounted for, 141, 
 142. 
 
 FELON, subject to legal incapacity, 5 6. 
 
 FIEST EEGISTEE, 
 
 coming into force and duration of, 336, 752. 
 
 alteration of registration dates in connection with, 336, 749, 
 
 752. 
 period during which to be kept published, 748, 750. 
 
 FISHEEMAN, 
 
 when, may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201. 
 
 included in " naval or military voters," 77 78, 83 84. 
 
 FIVE POUNDS, yearly value of, meaning of, 7071. 
 FLAT may be a "house," 1720. 
 FOEFEITUEE OF DEPOSIT, 208210. 
 
 FOEMS, 
 
 Order in Council prescribing, for registration purposes, 133 
 
 134, 555578. 
 Order in Council prescribing, for Scotland and Ireland, 626 
 
 627. 
 
 County Court Eules Forms, 648661. 
 Form of Information from Householder or Occupier 
 
 (Form A), 556560. 
 of Information from Owner, Agent or Factor 
 
 (Form B), 560561. 
 
 requiring supplemental information (Form 0), 561. 
 of Claim to be registered, Man's Parliamentary Claim 
 
 (Eesidence Qualification), 562. 
 
 of Eequisition for certified copy of entry of birth, 576. 
 of Eegister, 577578. 
 of Claim to be registered, Man's Parliamentary Claim 
 
 (Business Premises Qualification), 563. 
 of Claim to be registered, Woman's Parliamentary 
 Claim (Own Occupation), 564. 
 
INDEX. 775 
 
 FORMS continued. 
 
 of Claim to be registered, Woman's Parliamentary 
 Claim (Husband's Occupation), 565. 
 
 of Claim to be registered, Local Government Claim 
 (all Oases except that of a Woman Claiming in 
 respect of her Husband's Qualification), 566. 
 
 of Claim to be registered, Loc&l Government Claim 
 (Woman Claiming in respect of Husband's Quali- 
 fication), 567. 
 
 of Claim to be registered, Claim made by. one Person 
 on behalf of another (Parliamentary), 568. 
 
 of Claim to be registered, Claim made by one Person 
 on behalf of another (Local Government), 568. 
 
 of Claim for Correction of Entry in Lists, 569. 
 
 of Claim and Declaration to be made by Naval and 
 Military Voters before being registered in respect 
 of an Actual Residence Qualification, 569. 
 
 of Notice of Objection to Lists of Parliamentary 
 Electors, 570. 
 
 of Notice of Objection to Lists of Local Govern- 
 ment Electors, 570. 
 
 of Notice of Objection to Claims (Parliamentary), 570. 
 
 of Notice of Objection to Claims (Local Govern- 
 ment), 571. 
 
 Forms of Statement to be made under sect. 5 (2) of the 
 Act, by Men, 571573. 
 
 by Women, 573 574. 
 Form of Claim to be placed on Absent Voters List, 575. 
 
 of Notice of Appeal from decision of registration 
 officer to registration officer, 575. 
 to opposite party, 576. 
 
 of voting paper at university election, 372. 
 Scotland, 383386. 
 
 of claim to vote in polling district where voter does 
 not reside, 752. 
 
 of application for appointment of a Proxy, 754. 
 
 of authority to apply for appointment of a Proxy, 
 755. 
 
 of Proxy Paper, 756. 
 
 of Cancellation of Proxy Paper, 757. 
 
 of Receipt for money levied or paid under process, 
 666. 
 
 of Certificate on Taxation under sect. 29 of present 
 Act, 667. 
 
776 INDEX. 
 
 FORMS continued. 
 
 of claim and notices of objections to be supplied by regis- 
 tration officer without fee, 351. 
 
 FOUR MONTHS, 
 
 meaning of provisions as to letting during, 16 23. 
 in local government franchise, 45 46, 60. 
 
 FRANCHISE, 
 
 parliamentary (men), 1 37. 
 university, men, 37 40. 
 
 for Scottish universities, 39. 
 iocal government (men), 40 63. 
 parliamentary (women), 63 73. 
 university (women), 73. 
 
 -fecal government (women), in own right, 73 75. 
 -local government (women) in husband's right, 75 76. 
 of male naval or military voter, 76 93. 
 residence qualification, 86 90. 
 
 actual, 9193, 
 
 business premises qualification, 86 91. 
 university qualification, 86, 90, 93. 
 of female naval or military voter, 93 94. 
 parliamentary and local government franchise enacted by 
 present Act to take the place of all parliamentary and 
 local government franchises previously existing, 308. 
 
 FRANCHISE, SERVICE, 
 
 for local government elections, 48 56. 
 
 FRANCHISES, MEMORANDUM AS TO, 
 
 issued by Local Government Board to registration officers, 
 589596. 
 
 FREE POSTAGE, right to, by candidate, 264269. 
 
 FREEHOLD, COPYHOLD OR ANY OTHER TENURE, 
 owner of property held by, meaning of in sect. 10... 124. 
 
 FREEMEN, 
 
 registration of, 147 148. 
 voting by, 147 148. 
 
 FULL AGE, 
 
 what is, 4. 
 
 women must attain, for loi'al government franchise in own 
 right, 7374. 
 
INDEX. 777 
 
 FULL PAY, 
 
 serving on, as member of naval, military or air forces of 
 
 Crown, 8283. 
 women may perhaps be, 82 83. 
 
 FUND, BOROUGH, 
 
 registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. 
 
 where no, or borough rate, how paid, 139 140. 
 contribution by Parliament, to, 141. 
 
 FUND, COUNTY, 
 
 registration expends to be paid out of, 139 140. 
 
 FURNISHED HOUSE. See LETTING. 
 
 GENERAL ELECTION, definition, 306. 
 
 GROSS ESTIMATED RENTAL, 
 what is, 28 33. 
 opinion of registration officer as to, 30 33. 
 
 GROSS VALUE, 
 what is, 2833. 
 opinion of registration officer as to, 30 33. 
 
 HOLIDAYS 
 
 not to be counted in reckoning time for purposes of Regis- 
 tration Rules,. 353354. 
 
 HOUSE, meaning of, 1622. 
 
 "HOUSE" AND "DWELLING-HOUSE," DIFFERENCE 
 BETWEEN, 2122. 
 
 HOUSEHOLDER, 
 
 registration officer may require, or occupier of land to give 
 
 information, 352. 
 
 notice requiring jnformation may be sent by post, 352. 
 penalty for not giving or giving false information, 352. 
 
 HOUSE TO HOUSE INQUIRY, 
 
 registration officer to make, for purpose of preparing electors 
 lists, 341. 
 
778 INDEX. 
 
 IDENTITY, DEOLAEATION OF, 
 
 to be sent with ballot paper to absent voter, 172 173, 181- 
 
 IDIOT, subject to legal incapacity, 5. 
 
 ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT, 300301. 
 punishment of, 302. 
 
 candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. 
 person guilty of, etc., legally incapacitated, 6, 7. 
 
 ILLEGAL HIEING, 301302. 
 punishment of, 302. 
 
 candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. 
 
 ILLEGAL PAYMENT, 299300. 
 punishment of, 302. 
 
 candidate or election agent guilty of, 302. 
 
 ILLEGAL PEACTIOE, 
 
 person guilty of, when subject to legal incapacity, 6 7. 
 
 list of illegal practices, 294 299. 
 
 punishment of, 299. 
 
 voting for more constituencies than allowed, punishment 
 
 for, 164165, 166. 
 relief from, 164r 165, 166. 
 
 incurring expense in excess of maximum is an, 231 . 
 in connection with voting by proxy, 361. 
 
 ILLEGAL PEACTICES, OOEEUPT AND, 
 
 duty of registration officer to publish list of, 342. 
 
 IMBECILE, subject to legal incapacity, 5. 
 
 INAOCUEATE DESOEIPTION, 
 
 provisions as to misnomer or, 353. 
 
 INCAPACITY, LEGAL. See LEGAL INCAPACITY. 
 INFANT, subject to legal incapacity, 5. 
 
 INFOEMATION, 
 
 registration officer may require any householder, etc., or 
 
 factor to give, 352. 
 
 notice requiring, may be sent by post, 352. 
 penalty for not giving or giving false, 351. 
 
 INFEINGEMENT OF SEOEEOY, 286287. 
 
INDEX. 77$ 
 
 INQUIRY, 
 
 house to house, to be made by registration officer, for pur- 
 pose of preparing electors lists, 341 . 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 by Local Government Board to registration officers. See 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF. 
 
 INTERPRETATION, 305308, 
 
 IRELAND, 
 
 application of Act to, 326 335 V . 
 
 meaning of "yearly value" in, 33, 335. 
 
 register in, 130, 334335. 
 
 registration officers and areas in, 132, 327 328, 329330. 
 
 appeals in, 138139, 331. 
 
 registration expenses in, 143145, 327329, 331332. 
 
 meaning of "expenses properly incurred by the regis- 
 tration officer " in, 144 145. 
 application of Registration Rules to, 354 357. 
 registration forms for, Order in Council prescribing, 626 
 627. 
 
 ISLES OF SCILLY, application of Act to, 335. 
 
 JOINT OCCUPATION, 
 
 in business premises qualification, 37. 
 
 in local government franchise, 56 57, 60. 
 
 by lodgers, 60. 
 
 may be by one on behalf of others, 57. 
 
 in women's parliamentary franchise, 69 70. 
 
 LAND OR OTHER PREMISES, 
 
 meaning of, for business premises qualification, 28. 
 
 LAND OR PREMISES, 
 
 meaning of, for local government franchise, 60. 
 
 LAND OR PREMISES (NOT A DWELLING-HOUSE) OF 
 YEARLY VALUE OF 5. meaning of, 70. 
 
 LAST DAY OF QUALIFYING PERIOD, what is, 9. 
 
780 INDEX. 
 
 LAW, POINT OF, 
 
 appeal to Court of Appeal only on, 137 138. 
 what is, 138. 
 
 LEGAL INCAPACITY, 
 effect of, 78. 
 nature of, 4. 
 
 for men's parliamentary franchises, who are subject to, 5 7. 
 for men's university franchise, 38. 
 for men's local government franchise, 42. 
 for franchises of women, 67 68, 73, 74, 75. 
 for franchise of naval or military voter, 82. 
 duty of registration officer as to persons subject to, 7 8. 
 
 LETTING QUALIFYING PREMISES, 
 effect on residence qualification, 16 23. 
 
 four months need not be consecutive, 22. 
 
 tenant may qualify, 22 23. 
 
 effect on business premises qualification, 27 28. 
 in local government franchise, 45 46. 
 
 LIMITATION, 
 
 period of time within which proceedings under sect. 38 may 
 
 be commenced, 283. 
 what is, 303. 
 how reckoned, 284, 302303. 
 
 LIMITATION IN NUMBER OF VOTES ALLOWED, 108112. 
 
 LISTS OF CLAIMANTS, 
 
 publication of, by registration officer, 343. 
 time for, 343. 
 
 LISTS OF PERSONS OBJECTED TO, 
 
 publication of, by registration officer, 344 345. 
 time for, 344345. 
 
 LISTS. See ELECTORS LISTS. 
 
 LIVERY-MAN. See FREEMEN. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY, meaning of, 124. 
 
 LOCAL AUTHORITY, QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBER- 
 SHIP OF, 123124. 
 enlarged by present Act, 123. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD, DIRECTIONS OF, 
 to registration officers, 133 134. 
 as to duties of registration officer, 579 580. 
 
 certificates of birth and statutory declarations, 580. 
 franchises, 580581, 589596. 
 order of names in register, 581 582. 
 employment of overseers, 582 583. 
 registration expenses, 583 584. 
 printing arrangements, 584 587. 
 
 appointment of deputy registration officers, 587 588. 
 to registration officers, as to division of parliamentary con- 
 stituencies into polling districts and appointment of poll- 
 ing places, 618619. 
 
 to registration officers, as to registration expenses, 620. 
 as to order of names in register, 621. 
 as to vacancy in office of registration officer, 621. 
 as to polling districts and polling places, 621622. 
 as to access to food registers, 623. 
 as to naval and military voters, 623 624. 
 as to provision of ballot boxes, etc., 624 625. 
 as to work recognized under sect. 5 (3) (ii) (c), 625. 
 as to registration of naval or military voters, 628 629. 
 as to delivery of cards containing statements of naval 
 
 or military voters, 630631. 
 as to title for electors lists, 631. 
 
 as to absent voters list, publication of documents, etc., 
 632. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTION, definition, 305306. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTORAL AREA, definition, 305. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIONS) ACT, 1896, 
 made permanent, 278. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRANCHISE. See FRANCHISE. 
 
 LODGER, 
 
 difference between tenant and, 57 58. 
 
 meaning of, 58. 
 
 difference between " occupation " by, and occupation by 
 
 tenant, 5960. 
 apartments of, must be unfurnished for local government 
 
 franchise, 57 58. 
 
 occupation by, meaning of, 59 60. 
 joint occupation by, 60. 
 
782 INDEX. 
 
 LODGINGS cannot be a "dwelling-house,'* 70. 
 LOSS, DIRECT PECUNIARY, meaning of, 149153. 
 LUNATIC, subject to legal incapacity, 5. 
 LUNATIC ASYLUM. See ASYLUM. 
 
 MARK, 
 
 against name in register, 340, 577. 
 
 placing of, against name in register, appeal from regis- 
 tration officer as to, 135, 136, 137. 
 
 MEETING OF PARLIAMENT, time appointed for, 162. 
 
 MEMBER OF NAVAL, MILITARY OR AIR FORCES OF 
 
 CROWN, 8283. 
 women may perhaps be, 82 83. 
 
 MEMORANDUM AS TO FRANCHISES, 
 
 issued by Local Government Board to registration officers, 
 589596. 
 
 MEMORANDUM AS TO NAVAL AND MILITARY VOTERS, 
 
 issued by Local Government Board, 605 609. 
 
 MERCHANT SEAMAN, 
 
 when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201 202. 
 
 MESSENGER, 
 
 in employment of candidate, previous disqualification of, 
 removed, 115, 122. 
 
 METROPOLIS, 
 
 value of premise* in, to be " gross value," 28 31, 307 308. 
 
 METROPOLITAN BOROUGH, 
 
 included in "municipal borough " in Part V. of Act, 145 
 
 146. 
 application of Part II. of Act to, 145146. 
 
 registration expenses in, how paid, 146. 
 
 METROPOLITAN BOROUGH COUNCIL, 
 
 registration expenses of, how paid, 146. 
 
 MILITARY VOTER. See NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER. 
 MISNOMER, provisions us to, or inaccurate description, 353. 
 
INDEX. 783 
 
 MUNICIPAL BOROUGH, 
 
 local government elector may not be registered in more 
 
 than one ward or electoral division of, 111 112. 
 reference to, in Part II. of Act to include metropolitan 
 
 borough, 145146. 
 
 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS (CORRUPT AND ILLEGAL 
 PRACTICES) ACT, 1884, made permanent, 278. 
 
 NAMES, order of, in register, 340. 
 
 NATIONAL IMPORTANCE, 
 work of, what is, 84 85. 
 work recognized as of, list of bodies with addresses, 608 
 
 609. 
 list of bodies recognized by Admiralty, Army Council and 
 
 Air Council as work of, 635. 
 
 NATIONAL REGISTER, 
 
 registration officer to have access to, 352. 
 
 NATIONALITY, 
 
 declaration as to, registration officer may require, before 
 
 registering any person, 352. 
 
 registration officer to allow inspection of, and copy of, 
 to be made, 353. 
 
 NATURALISATION, 
 
 certificate of, registration officer may require, before register- 
 ing any person, 352. 
 
 NAVAL OR MILITARY CHARACTER, 
 
 service of, what is, 84. 
 women may be. in, 84. 
 
 NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER, 
 
 franchise of, 7694. 
 
 legal incapacities applicable to, 82. 
 
 what is, 7685. 
 
 age required for female, 80. 
 
 age required for male, 80 82. 
 
784 INDEX. 
 
 NAVAL OR MILITARY VOTER continued. 
 
 male, qualified at 19 years of age, 80 82. 
 
 but not discharged soldier or sailor, 81 82. 
 qualifications, 85 94. 
 male, residence qualification, 86 90. 
 
 actual, 9193. 
 
 business premises qualification, 86 91. 
 university qualification, 86, 90, 93. 
 female, qualifications of, 93 94. 
 qualifying period applicable to, 87 88, 91, 92. 
 registration of, 88 90. 
 statement by, as to qualification, 88' 89. 
 
 when received by registration officer too late for in- 
 clusion in electors lists, to be treated as claim to be 
 registered, 749. 
 
 when statement by merchant seaman, &c. contains state- 
 ment of actual residence, registration officer neverthe- 
 less to place name on absent voters list, 749. 
 claim to be registered for actual residence qualification, 
 
 9193. 
 
 registered by virtue of residence qualification which he would 
 have had but for service, deemed to be resident for pur- 
 pose of women's local government franchise in husband's 
 right, 76. 
 
 registered in respect of qualification he would have had but 
 for service, deemed to be registered by virtue of that 
 qualification, 112. 
 
 when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201202. 
 duty of registration officer to place, on absent voters list, 
 
 345346. 
 
 when not to be placed on absent voters list, 345 346. 
 notice by, that he does not desire to be placed on absent 
 
 voters list, 345. 
 time for, 345. 
 registered in respect of actual residence qualification, not 
 
 to be placed on absent voters list, 346. 
 
 information as to, to be supplied by Admiralty, Army Coun- 
 cil and Air Council to registration officers, 346. 
 registration officer to keep record of addresses of, 
 
 conditions under which record of addresses open to 
 
 inspection, 346. 
 memorandum as to, issued by Local Government Board, 605 
 
INDEX. 785 
 
 NINETEEN YEAES, AGE OF, 
 
 male naval or military voter qualified at, 80 82. 
 meaning of, 81. 
 
 discharged soldier or sailor not qualified at nineteen. 
 8182. 
 
 NOMINATED, duly, meaning of, 265269. 
 
 NOMINATION, 
 
 meaning of "duly nominated," 265 269. 
 what is, 265269. 
 place of, 217. 
 
 day appointed for, meaning of, 179 180. 
 day fixed for receiving nominations to be same in all con- 
 stituencies, 161 163. 
 
 NOTICE, 
 
 registration officer to give, to person affected by correction 
 in lists otherwise than in pursuance of claim or objection, 
 348349. 
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION. See also OBJECTION. 
 
 registration officer to supply forms of, without fee, 351. 
 registration officer to supply copy of, on payment of fee, 
 
 351. 
 
 amount of fee, 748, 751. 
 mode of sending, 351. 
 
 NOTICE TO QUIT, 
 
 effect of, on residence in connection with residence quali- 
 fication, 16, 23. 
 effect of, on occupation in connection with business premises 
 
 qualification, 27, 28. 
 
 on occupation in connection with local government fran- 
 chise, 45, 46. 
 
 NUMBEE OF VOTES ALLOWED, 108112. 
 
 OATH, 
 
 power of registration officer to require evidence on, at hearing 
 
 of claim or objection, 353. 
 F. 50 
 
786 INDEX. 
 
 OBJECTION, 
 
 who may object, 344. 
 how made, 344. 
 notice of, 344. 
 
 time for sending, 344. 
 
 copy of, to be sent by registration officer to person ob- 
 jected to, 344. 
 to name in electors list, 344. 
 
 in list of claimants, 344. 
 list of persons to whose names notice of, has been given, 
 
 publication of, by registration officer, 344 345. 
 time for, 344345. 
 
 time during which to be kept published, 748, 750. 
 publication of objections to lists, 344. 
 
 to claims, 344345. 
 
 time during which to be kept published, 748, 750. 
 to correction of lists by registration officer not in pursuance 
 
 of claim or objection, 348 349. 
 who may appear on consideration of, 353. 
 notice as to mode of making, duty of registration officer to 
 
 publish, 341. 
 
 powers and duty of registration officer with respect to cor- 
 rection of lists in consequence of his decision on, 347 348. 
 registration officer to supply forms of notice of, without fee, 
 
 351. 
 registration officer to supply copy of notice of, on payment 
 
 of fee, 351. 
 
 amount of fee, 748, 751. 
 mode of sending, 351. 
 
 consideration of, by registration officer, 347. 
 time for, 347. 
 notice to parties as to, 347. 
 powers of registration officer on, 347. 
 appeal from decision of registration officer as to, 134 137. 
 
 OBJECTOK, 
 
 no appeal by, who has not availed himself of opportunity 
 of being heard before registration officer, 135, 137. 
 
 OBJEOTOE, CONSCIENTIOUS, 
 
 subject to legal incapacity, 7, 117 121. 
 
 OCCUPIED FOB THE PUEPOSE OE BUSINESS, PEO- 
 PESSION OE TEADE, meaning of, 3437. 
 
INDEX. 787 
 
 OCCUPATION, 
 
 meaning of, for business premises qualification, 25 28. 
 
 constructive, 2627, 4445. 
 
 when deemed not to be interrupted by letting for business 
 premises qualification, 27 28. 
 
 as owner or tenant, meaning of, in' local government fran- 
 chise, 43 46. 
 
 when deemed not to be interrupted by letting in local govern- 
 ment franchise, 45 46. 
 
 by lodger, meaning of, 59 60. 
 
 OCCUPATION, JOINT. See JOINT OCCUPATION. 
 OCCUPATION, SUCCESSIVE. See SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION. 
 
 OCCUPYING, 
 
 in local government franchise, used in different meanings, 
 
 4344. 
 comparison between meaning of, in sects. 1 and 3... 44. 
 
 OFFENCES COMMITTED OUTSIDE UNITED KINGDOM, 
 punishment of, 283 303. 
 
 period of time within which proceedings must be com- 
 menced, 284, 302 303. 
 
 OFFENCES IN RESPECT OF NOMINATION PAPERS, 
 BALLOT PAPERS, ETC., 285286. 
 
 OFFENCES UNDER BALLOT ACT, 285287. 
 
 OFFICIAL TELEGRAPHIC INFORMATION, 
 
 of writ having been issued for election to be equivalent to 
 receipt of writ, 161162, 163. 
 
 OFFICERS, REGISTRATION, 130131. 
 in Scotland, 131. 
 in Ireland, 132. 
 duties of, 133134. 
 
 penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. 
 See also REGISTBATION OFFICER. 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL, 
 
 prescribing forms for registration purposes, 133 134, 555 
 
 578. 
 prescribing dates in connection with first register, 128 
 
 129, 749, 752. 
 
 prescribing forms for Scotland and Ireland, 626 627. 
 50 (2) 
 
788 INDEX. 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL continued. 
 
 complying with provisions of Eules Publication Act, 1893... 
 626627. 
 
 prescribing fees, period during which documents mus't be 
 kept published, registration dates, rules in connection with 
 statements by naval or military voters, etc., 747 753. 
 
 permitting voting by proxy by naval or military voters in 
 certain areas abroad, 753. 
 
 prescribing forms and making regulations as to the mode in 
 which proxy papers may be issued and cancelled, 754 757. 
 
 All Orders in Council under Act to be laid before Parlia- 
 ment, 304. 
 
 power of either House of Parliament to annul, 304. 
 
 any, may be revoked or varied by subsequent, 304. 
 
 to have effect as if enacted in Act, 304. 
 
 OVEKSEEE, 
 
 registration officer may require, to prepare and publish 
 
 electors lists, 341 342. 
 duty of, as to preparation of lists, etc., 341 342. 
 
 to furnish information to registration officer, 341 342. 
 expenses of, in connection with preparation of lists, etc., 
 
 to be paid by registration officer, 342. 
 meaning of, 342. 
 instructions by registration officer to overseers, issued by 
 
 Local Government Board, 397 609. 
 
 OWNEE, 
 
 meaning of, in relation to local government franchise, 46. 
 meaning of owner of property held by freehold, copyhold 
 or any other tenure in sect. 10... 124. 
 
 OXEOED AND CAMBEIDGE, 
 
 women not admitted to degrees at, but qualified to vote 
 for, 73. 
 
 PAELIAMENT, 
 
 all Orders in Council under Act to be laid before, 304. 
 power of either House of, to annul Orders in Council, 304. 
 
 PAELIAMENT, MEETING OP, time appointed for, 162. 
 
 PAELIAMENT, MONEYS PEOVIDED BY, 
 
 contribution out of, to council on account of registration 
 expenses, 141. 
 
INDEX. 789 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND CORRUPT PRAC- 
 TICES ACT, 1880, made permanent, 278. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS RETURNING OFFICERS 
 EXPENSES (SCOTLAND) ACT, 1878, made permanent, 278. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS (RETURNING OFFICERS) 
 ACT, 1875, made permanent, 278. 
 
 PECUNIARY LOSS, DIRECT, meaning of, 149152. 
 
 PEER, 
 
 legally incapacitated for parliamentary franchise, 5. 
 but not for local government franchise, 42. 
 
 PEERESS, 
 
 in own right, not disqualified, 115, 122123. 
 by marriage, not disqualified, 122 123. 
 
 PEMBROKE AND BLACKROOK, 
 
 townships of, contributions by, in respect of registration 
 expenses, 145. 
 
 PERSONATION, 287289. 
 punishment for, 287289. 
 
 PERSONS EMPLOYED BY CANDIDATE, 
 
 previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 
 
 PERSONS HOLDING CERTAIN OFFICES LEGALLY IN- 
 CAPACITATED, 5. 
 
 PETITION, ELECTION, 
 
 when vote may be disallowed on, 103 107. 
 
 PILOT, when, may vote by proxy, 174175, 201202. 
 
 PLACE OF ELECTION, 
 what is, 223, 682683. 
 in Scotland, -223. 
 in Ireland, 223. 
 
 POINT OF LAW, 
 
 appeal to Court of Appeal only on. 137-138. 
 
790 INDEX. 
 
 POLL, 
 
 day of the, meaning of, 179 180. 
 
 all polls to be held on one day at general election, 161. 
 day of, at general election, 162163, 179180. 
 day of, at bye-election, 162163, 179180. 
 questions at. See QUESTIONS AT POLL. 
 
 POLLING AGENT, 
 
 previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 
 
 POLLING DISTEIOT, 
 
 person residing outside, in which he is registered may make 
 
 claim to vote at another polling place, 348. 
 form of claim, 748, 752. 
 
 POLLING DISTRICTS, 
 
 division of constituency into, 220 222. 
 
 in Scotland, 222. 
 
 in Ireland, 222. 
 re-arrangement of, 303 304. 
 
 POLLING PLAGE, 
 
 person residing outside polling district in which he is en- 
 titled to be registered may claim to vote at another, 
 348. 
 form of claim, 748, 752. 
 
 POLLING PLACES, 
 
 re-arrangement of, 303 304. 
 appointment of, 220 222. 
 in Scotland, 222. 
 in Ireland, 222. 
 
 POLLING STATION, 
 
 voting by person in employment of returning officer at, other 
 than allotted, 203204. 
 
 POOR RELIEF, 
 
 no disqualification by reason of receipt of, 116 117. 
 
 POOR HOUSE, 
 
 inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. 
 
 POSTAGE, FREE, right to, by candidate, 264269. 
 
 POSTMASTER-GENERAL, 
 
 regulations by, as to free postage by candidate, 264 265. 
 
INDEX. 791 
 
 PEESOEIBED, meaning of, 308. 
 
 PEEMISES. See QUALIFYING PREMISES; BUSINESS PREMISES. 
 meaning of, in relation to residence qualification, 23. 
 
 PEISON, 
 
 inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. 
 
 PBOOEDUEE ON APPEALS, 
 
 determined by rules of court, 135 137. 
 
 PBOMOTING OE PBOCUEING ELECTION OF CANDIDATE, 
 what is, 271274. 
 
 PEOPOETIONAL EEPBESENTATION, 155161. 
 
 applicable only to university elections, 155, 160 161. 
 what is, 158160. 
 
 scheme for, in constituencies other than university consti- 
 tuencies, 155157, 160161. 
 rejected, 160161. 
 draft Eules as to, 718736. 
 
 PEOXY, VOTING BY, 174176, 200203. 
 area abroad in which permitted, 174. 
 who may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201 202. 
 rules as to (4th Schedule), 359362. 
 illegal practice in connection with, 361. 
 
 PUBLIC BODIES COEEUPT PEAOTICES ACT, 1889, 
 persons twice convicted under, legally incapacitated, 7. 
 
 PUBLIC MEETINGS, ETC., 
 
 expenses on account of holding, or issuing advertisements, 
 
 circulars, etcf., not to be incurred by unauthorized 
 
 persons, 269 277. 
 
 written authorization of election agent necessary, 276. 
 must be returned as part of candidate's election expenses, 
 
 276. 
 corrupt practice of incurring such expenses, 274 276, 
 
 293294. 
 
 PUBLICATION, 
 
 of documents, meaning of, in Eegistration Eules, 350 351. 
 keeping document published, 351. 
 
 period during which documents must be kept published, 
 
 748750. 
 
 effect of non-compliance with rules as to, of documents, 351 . 
 penalty, 351. 
 
792 INDEX. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS, ADVEETISEMENTS, CIECULAES OB, 
 meaning of "publications," 271. 
 
 QUALIFICATION FOE MEMBEESHIP OF LOCAL AUTHO- 
 - EITY, 123124. 
 enlarged by present Act, 123. 
 meaning of owner in relation to, 124. 
 
 QUALIFICATION, EESIDENCE. See EESIDENCE QUALIFICA- 
 TION. 
 for parliamentary franchise, what is, 8 24. 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS. See FRANCHISE. 
 
 difference between, of women and men for parliamentary 
 franchise, 69. 
 
 QUALIFYING PEEIOD, 9498. 
 ordinary, 95 96. 
 special, 96 98. 
 
 applicable to naval or military voter, 87 88, 91, 92, 96 98. 
 effect of provisions as to special, on sect. 7 (2)... 97 98. 
 in Ireland, 98. , 
 
 last day of, what is, 9. 
 
 for residence qualification and business premises qualifi- 
 cation, what is, 9, 24. 
 
 for local government franchise, what is, 61. 
 for naval or military voter in local government franchise, 
 9798. 
 
 QUALIFYING PEEMISES, 
 
 nature of, for residence qualification, 23. 
 
 nature of, for business premises qualification, 28 33. 
 
 nature of, for local government franchise (men) "service 
 
 voter," 4954. 
 lodger, 57 58. 
 owner or tenant, 60. 
 
 for women's parliamentary franchise, 68 71. 
 "in that constituency," meaning of, 7172. 
 
 QUESTIONS AT POLL, 165, 167172. 
 
 questions prescribed by present Act, 167168, 358. 
 penalty for false answer, 169. 
 meaning of, 171. 
 when to be put to voter, 171 172. 
 
INDEX. 793 
 
 QUESTIONS 'AT POLL continued. 
 
 questions " authorized already to be asked," 168 169. 
 
 penalty for false answer, 168 169. 
 
 oath in connection with, 168 169. 
 
 meaning of, 169 171. 
 
 when to be put to voter, 171 172. 
 not to be asked at university election, 172. 
 declarations in university voting paper equivalent to, 172. 
 
 BATE, BOBOUGH, 
 
 registration expenses to be paid out of, 139 140. 
 
 where no, or borough fund, how paid, 139 140. 
 contribution by Parliament to, 141. 
 
 BECKONING OP TIME, 
 
 for purposes of Begistration Bules, 353 354. 
 
 BED CBOSS SOCIETY, 
 
 person abroad or afloat serving in work of, a naval or 
 military voter, 77 78, 8385. 
 
 BEDISTBIBUTION, 282283. 
 schedule as to, 403554. 
 
 Parliamentary Boroughs 
 London, 404419. 
 England, excluding London and Monmouthshire, 
 
 465467. 
 
 Scotland, 468481. 
 Parliamentary Counties 
 
 England, excluding Monmouthshire, 482 536. 
 Wales and Monmouthshire, 536 543. 
 Scotland, 543554. 
 Universities, 554. 
 in Ireland, not affected by present Act, 283. 
 
 BEGISTEB, 
 
 spring, 125130. 
 
 period during which, in force, 127 128. 
 autumn, 125130. 
 
 period during which, in force, 127 128. 
 dates in connection with first, 128 129. 
 date of first, 128129. 
 
794 INDEX. 
 
 EEGISTER continued. 
 
 duration of first, 613. 
 
 how far conclusive, 103 108. 
 
 placing or refusal to place mark against name on, appeal 
 
 from registration officer as to, 135, 136, 137. 
 copies of, to be kept by registration officer in his office for 
 
 inspection, 349. 
 copies of part of, relating to registration unit, to be kept 
 
 for inspection in unit, 349. 
 registration officer to send copy of, to Local Government 
 
 Board as soon as possible after publication, 349. 
 copy of, to be furnished to applicant by registration officer, 
 
 350. 
 
 marks against names in, 340, 577. 
 order of names in, 340. 
 effect of, 340341. 
 formation of lists into, 349. 
 publication of, 349. 
 time for, 349. 
 manner of, 349. 
 time during which first register to be kept published, 
 
 748, 750. 
 
 to be framed in separate parts for each registration unit, 339. 
 separate divisions for parliamentary and local government 
 
 electors, 339. 
 form of, 577578. 
 specimen form of, alphabetical order, 603. 
 
 street order, 604. 
 prepared during present war and 12 months thereafter, 
 
 special provisions as to, 337. 
 for university constituencies, 153 155. 
 
 fee for registration, 154, 155. 
 in Ireland, 129130, 334335. 
 
 See also CLAIM; OBJECTION. 
 
 EEGISTEE, FIEST. See EEOISTEE. 
 
 coming into force and duration of, 336, 613, 749, 752. 
 
 alteration of registration dates in connection with, 336, 
 
 749, 752. 
 
 EEGISTEE, NATIONAL, 
 
 registration officer to have access to, 352. 
 
INDEX. 795 
 
 REGISTRATION. See also other headings under REGISTRATION 
 
 below (REGISTRATION AREA; REGISTRATION DATES, etc.). 
 effect of, on right to vote, 103 108. 
 in more than one constituency, 108. 
 of naval or military voter, 88 90. 
 of naval or military voter, assistance to registration officer 
 
 in, 181. 
 naval or military voter registered in respect of qualification 
 
 he would have had but for service to be deemed to be 
 
 registered by virtue of that qualification, 112. 
 of local government elector in more than one ward or 
 
 electoral division allowed except in municipal borough, 
 
 111112. 
 of local government elector in more than one ward or 
 
 electoral division of municipal borough not allowed, 111 
 
 112. 
 of freemen, 147 148. 
 
 REGISTRATION APPEALS RULES, 1918, 
 
 being Rules of Supreme Court as to appeals to the Court of 
 Appeal from the County Court, 669671. 
 
 REGISTRATION AREA, 
 what is, 128, 130131. 
 in Scotland, 131. 
 in Ireland, 132. 
 
 REGISTRATION DATES, 
 
 table of, 129, 752. 
 
 alteration of, in connection with first register, 336, 749, 752. 
 
 last date in connection with first register for notice by naval 
 or military voter that he does not desire to be placed on 
 absent voters list (Pirst Schedule, r. 17), 749, 752. 
 
 REGISTRATION DUTIES, 1,33134. 
 
 penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. 
 
 REGISTRATION EXPENSES, 1.39145. 
 
 incurred by registration officer, 139 142. 
 how paid, 139142. 
 
 contribution by council of other area, 139. 
 Treasury scale of, 140 142, 610 612. 
 questions as to, to be referred to Local Government Board, 
 140141. 
 
796 INDEX. 
 
 EEGISTKATION EXPENSES continued. 
 
 how paid, where urban district is coterminous with or wholly 
 contained in registration area which is a parliamentary 
 borough, 145, 146. 
 
 of Metropolitan Borough Council, how paid, 146. 
 of Common Council, how paid, 146. 
 advance to registration officer on account of, 141. 
 in Scotland, 142143. 
 in Ireland, 143145. 
 
 EEGISTEATION OPEICEE, 130131. 
 
 in Scotland, 1.31. 
 
 in Ireland, 1.32. 
 
 duties of, 133134. 
 
 penalty for failure to perform, 133 134. 
 
 who is, where registration area is a parliamentary county 
 coterminous with, or wholly contained in, one adminis- 
 trative county, 130. 
 
 who is, where urban district is coterminous with or wholly 
 contained in a registration area wliich is a parliamentary 
 borough, 145, 146. 
 
 who is, in any other case, 130. 
 Table showing, 616, 617. 
 
 Table of Parliamentary Counties containing more than 
 one administrative county, indicating R. 0. for such Par- 
 liamentary Counties, 632. 
 
 Table of Parliamentary Boroughs containing more than one 
 municipal borough or urban district, indicating E. 0. for 
 such Parliamentary Boroughs, 633 634. 
 
 expenses of, 139 142. 
 
 how paid, 139 142. 
 
 advance io, on account of registration expenses, 141. 
 
 to account for fees, 141, 142. 
 
 may require overseers to prepare lists, 341 342. 
 
 to furnish information, 341 342. 
 
 EEGISTEATION OEFIOEES OBDEB, 1918... 615 617. 
 
 EEGISTBATION BULES, 133, 134, 339357. 
 application of, to Scotland, 354. 
 application of, to Ireland, 354 357. 
 
 EEGISTEATION UNIT, what is, 339. 
 
INDEX. 797 
 
 REGULATIONS, 
 
 as to university elections, 281. 
 
 by Postmaster-General as to free' postage by candidate, 264 
 265. 
 
 REPEALS, 337, 391402. 
 
 RESIDE, PREMISES IN WHICH THEY BOTH, 
 
 for women's local government franchise in husband's right, 
 meaning of, 75 76. 
 
 RESIDENCE. See also RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION; RESIDENCE, 
 SUCCESSIVE. 
 
 what is, 1116. 
 
 when deemed not to be interrupted by letting, 16 23. 
 
 when broken, 14 15. 
 
 legal inability to reside, effect of, on, 14 15. 
 
 voluntary incapacity to reside, effect of, on, 15. 
 
 inmate or patient in prison, asylum, workhouse, etc., not 
 to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. 
 
 where object of, is to obtain vote, effect, 15 16. 
 
 necessity for, by husband and wife in women's local govern- 
 ment franchise in husband's right, 75. 
 where husband naval or military voter, 76. 
 
 of naval or military voter husband of female local govern- 
 ment elector, 76. 
 
 RESIDENCE QUALIFICATION, 
 
 for parliamentary franchise, what is, 8 24. 
 naval or military voter (male), 86 90. 
 actual, 9193. 
 
 RESIDENCE, SUCCESSIVE, 
 what is, 2324. 
 
 necessity for residence during 30 consecutive days includ- 
 ing last day of qualifying period in the case of, 9 10. 
 
 RESIDING IN PREMISES. See also RESIDENCE. 
 meaning of, 1016, 23. 
 
 RETURNING OFFICER, 
 who is, 211214. 
 expenses of, 214217. 
 
 Treasury scale of maximum, 216, 217. 
 Treasury regulations as to, 216, 217. 
 
798 INDEX. 
 
 RETURNING OFFICER continued. 
 
 discharge of duties of, by acting, 217 220. 
 
 may reserve to himself and undertake to perform all or any 
 
 duties of, 218, 219. 
 where all duties of, discharged by acting returning officer, 
 
 not disqualified for being candidate, 218, 219. 
 giving casting vote by, not an illegal practice, 165, 167. 
 to send ballot paper to absent voter, 173, 180181. 
 to treat absent voter's ballot paper like ordinary ballot paper, 
 
 173, 182200. 
 not to send ballot paper to absent voter who has appointed 
 
 a proxy, 175 176, 202. 
 not to send ballot paper to naval or military voter who is 
 
 serving in area where voting by proxy is permitted, 175 
 
 176, 202. 
 persons in the employment of, voting by, 203 204. 
 
 at polling station other than allotted polling station, 
 
 203204. 
 
 duty of, as to counting ballot papers, 182 200. 
 may authorize employe to vote at polling station other than 
 
 allotted polling station, 203204. 
 in Scotland, 21j2. 
 in Ireland, .212214. 
 who is to be, for Scottish constituency situated in more 
 
 than one sheriffdom, 391. 
 
 BIGHT OF PERSON REGISTERED TO VOTE, 100112. 
 RULES OP COURT, 134137, 636671. 
 RULES, REGISTRATION, 133134, 339357. 
 
 SOALE OE REGISTRATION EXPENSES, 
 framed by Treasury, 140142, 610612. 
 
 SOILLY, ISLES OF, application of Act to, 335. 
 
 SCHEME FOR PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION, 155 
 
 157, 160161. 
 rejected, 160161. 
 
 SCHOOL, ELEMENTARY. See ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 
 
INDEX. 799 
 
 SCOTLAND, 
 
 application of Act to, 309326. 
 meaning of "yearly value" in, 33, 310. 
 local government franchise in, 63, 310 313. 
 registration officers and areas in, 131, 317 319. 
 appeals in, 138. 
 
 registration expenses in, 142 143. 
 application of Eegistration Eules to, 354. 
 registration forms for, Order in Council prescribing, 626 
 627. 
 
 SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES, 
 franchise for, 39 40. 
 
 SCRUTINY, when vote may be disallowed on, 103107. 
 
 SEAMAN, MERCHANT, 
 
 when, may vote by proxy, 174 175, 201 202. 
 
 SECRECY, infringement of, 286287. 
 
 SERVICE FRANCHISE, 
 
 for local government elections, 48 56. 
 
 SERVICE OP NAVAL OR MILITARY CHARACTER, 
 
 what is, 84. 
 
 women may be in, 84. 
 
 SON, 
 
 living in father's house may have residence qualification, 15. 
 
 SPEAKER'S CONFERENCE, Report of, 737746. 
 
 SPECIAL COUNTY PURPOSES, 
 
 registration expenses may be paid as expenses for, 139 
 140. 
 
 SPRING REGISTER, 125130. 
 
 period during which, in force, 127 128. 
 
 STATEMENT, 
 
 by naval or military voter as to qualification, 88 89. 
 
 STRUCTURAL SEVERANCE, 
 
 necessary condition of "house," 20. 
 
 SUB-AGENT, 
 
 previous disqualification of, removed, 115, 122. 
 
800 INDEX. 
 
 SUCCESSIVE OCCUPATION, 23. 
 
 in business premises qualification, 25. 
 
 necessity for occupation during^ 30 consecutive days includ- 
 ing last day of qualifying period in local government 
 franchise, 43. 
 
 fulfilled by occupation partly as owner, partly as tenant, 
 6061. 
 
 in local government franchise, 61 63. 
 
 SUCCESSIVE EESIDENOE, 
 what is, 23f 24. 
 
 necessity for residence during 30 consecutive days includ- 
 ing last day of qualifying period in cases of, 9 10. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL PEOVISIONS AS TO EESIDENOE AND 
 OCCUPATION, 98100. 
 
 SWALLOW VOTEES, provisions against, 910. 
 
 TENANT, 
 
 meaning of, in connection with local government franchise. 
 
 46> 48. . 
 difference between lodger and, 58 59. 
 
 TEEMINATIO^ OF WAE, meaning of, 118119. 
 
 THIETY CONSECUTIVE DAYS, 
 
 residence during, including last day of qualifying period, 
 
 when necessary, 9 10. 
 meaning of provisions as to, 10. 
 
 occupation during, when necessary for local government 
 franchise, 43. 
 
 conditions as to occupation during, in local government 
 franchise, fulfilled by occupation partly as owner, partly 
 as tenant, 6061. 
 
 occupation during, not necessary for business premises quali- 
 fication, 25. 
 
 THIETY YEAES, AGE OF, 
 
 meaning of, 67. 
 
 women must attain, for parliamentary franchise, 63, 67. 
 women must attain, for university franchise, 73. 
 women must attain, fo,r local government franchise in hus- 
 band's right, 75. 
 
INDEX. 801 
 
 TIME, 
 
 reckoning of, for purposes of Registration Rules, 353. 
 for purposes of County Court Eules, 647. 
 
 TIME ALLOWED FOE EEOEIPT AND EETUEN OF 
 BALLOT PAPEE BY ABSENT VOTEE, 182. 
 
 TRADE, meaning of, 35, 36. 
 
 TEAITOE subject to legal incapacity, 56. 
 
 TRANSFEEABLE VOTE, what is, 158160, 306307. 
 
 TREATING, 291292. 
 
 punishment for, 293294. 
 
 TREASURY SCALE OF REGISTRATION EXPENSES, 140 
 142, 610612. 
 
 TRIBUNAL, 
 
 what is "appropriate," which conscientious objector has to 
 satisfy that he has done work of national importance, 120. 
 
 UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS, 
 
 incurring expenses on account of public meetings, adver- 
 tisements, etc., by, a corrupt practice, 292 293. 
 punishment for, 293 294. 
 
 UNDUE INFLUENCE, 292. 
 punishment for, 293294. 
 
 UNIT, REGISTRATION, what is, 339. 
 
 UNIVERSITY CONSTITUENCY, 
 what is, 38, 306. 
 register for, 153 155. 
 
 fee for registration, 154, 155. 
 
 included in expression " borough " in Corrupt Practices Act, 
 1883, First Schedule, Part IV. (Maximum Scale of Elec- 
 tion Expenses), 228, 281. 
 
 list of university constituencies, showing number of members 
 returned by each, 554. 
 
 UNIVERSITY ELECTION, 
 definition of, 306. 
 
 proportional representation at, 155, 157 160. 
 conduct of, 279281. 
 F. '51 
 
802 INDEX. 
 
 UNIVERSITY ELECTION continued. 
 election expenses at, 281. 
 
 applicability of maximum scale to, 281. 
 included in expression " borough election " in Part IV. of 
 First Schedule of Corrupt Practices Act, 1883, as to 
 maximum scale of election expenses, 228, 281. 
 application of provisions as to voting in more constituen- 
 cies than allowed (sect. 22) to, 172. 
 declarations at, provided by present Act, 358. 
 provisions as to (5th Schedule, Part I.), 364372. 
 
 Scotland (5th Schedule, Part II.), 373380. 
 
 UNIVEESITY FEANCHISE, 
 men, 3740. 
 
 for Scottish universities, 39. 
 women, 73. 
 naval or military voter, 85, 86, 90, 93, 94. 
 
 UEBAN DISTEIOT, 
 
 application of Part II. of Act where, is coterminous with 
 or wholly contained in registration area which is parlia- 
 mentary borough, 145, 146 147. 
 
 VALUE, YEAELY. See YEARLY VALUE. 
 
 VOTE, TEANSFEEABLE, what is, 158160, 306307. 
 
 VOTE, when may be disallowed on scrutiny, 103 107. 
 
 VOTES, 
 
 number of, allowed, 108112. 
 
 at parliamentary general election, 108 110, 112. 
 
 bye-election, 110, 112. 
 at local government election, 110 111. 
 
 local government election to fill casual vacancy, 111 
 112. 
 
 VOTING, 
 
 for more constituencies than allowed, 164 172. 
 
 penalty for, 164, 166. 
 
 illegal practice of, 164 165, 166. 
 
 at university election, 172. 
 by returning officer, not an illegal practice, 165, 167. 
 
INDEX. 80S 
 
 VOTING continued. 
 
 by absent voters, 172203. 
 
 special provisions as to allowing more time for receipt of 
 
 ballot papers from, during war, 173 174, 200. 
 by proxy, 174176, 200202. See also PBOXY, VOTING BY. 
 by freemen, 147 148. 
 
 by persons in the employment of returning officers, 203 204. 
 at polling station other than allotted polling station, 
 203204. 
 
 VOTING ABBA, what is, 339. 
 
 VOTING PAPEK, 
 
 voting at university elections to be by, 366 367, 375 376. 
 form of, at university election, 372. 
 Scotland, 383386. 
 
 WAE, 
 
 in which His Majesty is engaged, meaning of, 84. 
 register prepared during present, and 12 months thereafter, 
 
 special provisions as to, 337. 
 election held during present, and 12 months thereafter, 
 
 special provisions as to, 337. 
 
 WAE, TERMINATION OF, meaning of, 118119. 
 
 WARD OR ELECTORAL DIVISION, 
 
 local government elector not entitled to vote for more than 
 
 One, except to fill casual vacancy, 110 112. 
 local government elector may be registered in more than one, 
 
 except in municipal borough, I'll. 
 
 WIFE OF CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR, 
 not disqualified, 121. 
 
 WITHDRAWAL OF CANDIDATE, 
 
 in pursuance of provisions of Ballot Act, 208. 
 
 WOMEN. See FRANCHISE. 
 
 WORK OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE, 
 
 what is, 8485. 
 
 effect on qualification of conscientious objector of doing, 113, 
 120. 
 
804 INDEX. 
 
 WOBKEOUSE, 
 
 inmate in, not to be treated as resident therein, 15, 306. 
 
 WBIT FOB ELECTION, 
 
 official telegraphic information of, having been issued, to be 
 
 equivalent to receipt of writ, 161 162, 163. 
 receipt of, what steps for holding election may be taken 
 on or after, 163. 
 
 YEABLY VALUE, 
 
 what is, 2833, 307308. 
 in Scotland, 33, 310. 
 in Ireland, 33, 335. 
 how ascertained, 31 33. 
 
 LONDON : PRINTED BY 0. V. ROWORTH, HH, FKTTKR LANK, K.C. 
 
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