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HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE, 
 
 FROM ITS 
 
 INCORPORATION DECEMBER 19, 1801, TO NOV. 25, 1857, INCLUDING 
 SKETCHES OF ITS PRESIDENTS AND PROFESSORS- 
 
 WITH 
 
 AN APPENDIX. 
 
 BY M. LABORDE, M. D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF ^tETAPHYSICS, LOGIC AND RHETORIC, SOUTH CAROLINA COLLECfR 
 
 COLUMBIA, S. C.: 
 
 PKTER B. GLASS, 
 
 (SUCCESSOR TO R. L. BRYAN.) 
 
 1859. 
 
Copyright secured according to law. 
 
 R. W. GIBBES, STATE PRINTER. 
 
TO THE 
 
 ALUMNI 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE, 
 
 THIS VOLUME IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 I have undertaken to write the History of the South Caro- 
 lina College. It has now been in existence more than half 
 a century, and it is believed that such a History would be 
 acceptable to the / public. I have endeavored to trace it 
 from its beginning to a very recent period ; to give the story 
 of its trials, its reverses, and its triumphs. Nothing impor- 
 tant to the truth of history has been suppressed. I might 
 have sketched a more beautiful and attractive picture, which 
 would have been looked upon with a higher pride and ad- 
 miration. I might have passed by its irregularities, its riots, 
 its rebellions, and the many disturbances which more than 
 once shook it to its centre, and which, perhaps, the honor of 
 the College demanded should have been buried in forgetful- 
 ness'. But I have concluded otherwise. It would not have 
 been the history of the College, and truth would have been 
 sacrificed to taste and sentiment. But the College will not 
 suffer by such an exposure. The honor and glory of the 
 men to whom its government was committed, are only en- 
 hanced and augmented, as their wisdom and courage were 
 ever sufficient for the most perilous emergency. Nor will it 
 suffer in this respect by a comparison with others. It has 
 nothing to fear from such an investigation. No feeling of 
 modesty shall constrain me from saying, that from the first 
 day of its existence to the present moment, no body of 
 young men assembled for a similar purpose in any of the 
 Institutions of the country, have been freer from irregulari- 
 ties, exhibited a higher honor and a nobler virtue, reflected 
 more credit upon their Alma Mater, and vindicated more 
 
yi PREFACE. 
 
 clearly in future life their claim to the respect and confi- 
 dence of the public. 
 
 But the reader has a right to inquire about the author ; to 
 be informed of the opportunities which he has enjoyed for 
 the preparation of this volume. I am a graduate of the 
 College, was a Trustee for part of two terms that is eight 
 years and have held a Professorship in it for seventeen 
 years. I have thus been connected with it a quarter of a 
 century, and few can boast a longer association. I had a 
 personal acquaintance with all the Presidents, and with all 
 the Professors but five or six. The Board of Trustees placed 
 their records at my disposal, and of course I had access to 
 the Minutes of the Faculty. I have found no little difficulty 
 in procuring material for the sketches of the Faculty. In 
 only a few instances have I been assisted by any published 
 biography. I was forced, therefore, to gather material for 
 myself. In every case where the Presidents and Professors 
 were living, I have appealed directly to them, and I must here 
 express my thanks for the promptitude with which they an- 
 swered my questions. In the case of the dead, I addressed 
 some relative or acquaintance. In respect to some of the 
 earlier Professors, my only resource was some of the oldest 
 graduates of the College, and the information was necessarily 
 incomplete and defective. These inquiries did not extend 
 beyond three or four questions. For the estimate of the 
 men themselves, the character of their genius, the amount 
 and value of their services to the College, ancl to the cause 
 of learning, I alone am responsible. I have taken special 
 pleasure in this part of my labors. I felt that a deep debt 
 of gratitude was due them; that they had not been appre- 
 ciated; and I was anxious, therefore, to exhibit them in 
 something like their true light before the people of Carolina. 
 I repeat, the Teacher is not appreciated. Retired from the 
 world, not seen in the busy haunts of men, and only leaving 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 his study for his class-room, who thinks of his toils, and the 
 exhausting labor to which, day and night, he is subjected! 
 But a Cicero has said, that "to teach young men, to instruct 
 them, to train them to every department of duty, is an em- 
 ployment than which none can be more noble." I am anxious 
 that the youth of the State, and particularly the alumni of 
 the College, shall know something of the men who have 
 labored within these walls who have contributed to make 
 the College what it is, and that they shall hold them in 
 grateful remembrance. 
 
 The reader will observe that my sketches are introduced 
 at the time when the several officers left the service of the 
 College. I might have grouped them together, but I pre- 
 ferred the former order, because, among other reasons, it 
 breaks the monotony of historical narrative, and furnishes 
 an agreeable episode. It would have given me great pleasure 
 to have embraced in my sketches the Tutors of the College ; 
 but this was not practicable. Many of them held their 
 offices for a short period, and are now either dead or in dis- 
 tant lands, and it was not possible to procure material for 
 such a purpose. Could it have been done, it would have 
 added no little to the interest of the work, as many of them 
 were men of talent and high attainments, and rendered a 
 really valuable service. I have therefore, with a single 
 exception, restricted myself to those who had entire charge 
 of a department of instruction, or who at some period of 
 their- connection became members of the Faculty. 
 
 Some may suppose that I should have taken special notice 
 of the distinguished alumni of the College. A moment's 
 reflection, however, will show that this was impracticable. 
 Their name is legion, and what limit could I have affixed to 
 such a labor ! Years would have been necessary for its com- 
 pletion, the work would have swollen to many volumes, and 
 after all it would have been incomplete and unsatisfactory. 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 In the Appendix I have given a brief account of the 
 Societies of the College, a list of the Trustees, Faculty and 
 Graduates, and an extract from the Catalogue of 1859. 
 This extract is designed to present the state of the College 
 at the period of the publication of this volume, the precise 
 Course of Studies, and all the facilities which it affords for 
 the attainment of a sound education. 
 
 The Catalogue of Students who left the College without a 
 degree is no doubt quite imperfect, but yet very important. It 
 is essential to a right conception of the working of the Col- 
 lege, and of the amount of education which it has actually 
 accomplished. Much the larger number were in it for 
 several years, and availed themselves for the period of all 
 the facilities which it affords; and the College therefore, 
 may justly say, that though not their mother, it gave to 
 them during their years of feebleness and dependence, much 
 of its nursing care and protection. 
 
 To be indifferent to the approbation of the good and re" 
 fleeting, is to throw aside one of the strongest safeguards of 
 virtue and right conduct ; and, affecting no such feeling, I 
 commit my volume to the public, in the humble hope that 
 it may meet with its kindness and favor. 
 
 M. LABOEDE. 
 
 COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AUGUST, 1859. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Early Acts of the General Assembly for the Promotion of 
 Education Acts establishing Colleges at Winnsborough, 
 Charles Town, Ninety-Six, Beaufort, and in Pinckney District 
 Act establishing a College at Columbia First meeting of 
 the Board of Trustees Election of President and Professors 
 Course of Studies 13 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 t 
 
 Opening of the College First Students admitted Notice of 
 
 Professor Early- Notice of Professor Hanford Notice of 
 Professor Hammond First Commencement Form of Di- 
 ploma .adopted Notice of Mr. Hooker Letter of Gov. 
 Drayton to Dr. Maxcy -Diploma for Higher Degrees 33 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Notice of Professor Perault Notice of Professor Brown 
 Notice of Professor Simons Notice of Mr. Gregg Issue 
 between Dr. Maxcy and the Trustees Great Riot Notice of 
 Professor Blackburn 55 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Notice of Prof. Montgomery Notice of Prof. Smith Decline 
 and death of Dr. Maxcy 93 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Notice of Dr. Maxcy Notice of Dr. Hanckel 107 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Election of Dr. Cooper to the Presidency Faculty climbing a 
 Ladder Unusual disorders in the College Notice of Prof. 
 Vanuxem... 127 
 
X CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Report of a Committee of Trustees against the Commons 
 System Defence of College Education Presentment of Dr. 
 Cooper by the House of Representatives Investigation of 
 the charges against him Resignation of the Presidency by 
 Dr. Cooper, and his appointment to a Lectureship Dr. 
 Henry appointed President pro tempore Resignation of the 
 President, Professors and Tutors of the College 149 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Notice of Dr. Cooper Notice of Dr. Park Notice of Dr. 
 Wallace 163 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Prof. Nott, Chairman of the Faculty Election of new Pro- 
 fessors Notice of R. W. Gibbes Notice of Lewis R. Gibbes 
 -Notice of Bishop Capers Death and Notice of Professor 
 Nott 189 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Election of Dr. Henry to the Chair of Metaphysics, Logic, 
 Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, and election of Rev. William 
 Hooper to the Chair of Greek and Roman Literature 
 Notice of Prof, Stuart Notice of Bishop Elliott Election 
 of Dr. Henry, President pro tempore Notice of President 
 Barnwell 221 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Dr. Henry elected to the Presidency Maximilian LaBorde 
 elected to the Professorship of Logic, Rhetoric and Belles 
 Lettres Tutorships abolished Abolition of the Commons 
 System, and the establishment of the Btirsary Establish- 
 ment of Greek Professorship Provision in relation to at- 
 tendance upon the Chapel exercises on the Sabbath 
 Presidency of College declared vacant Dr. Henry elected 
 Greek Professor, and Hon. William C. Preston elected 
 President-r-Resignation of Dr. Hooper Election of Charles 
 P. Pelham to the Chair of Roman Literature Resignation 
 
CONTENTS. XI 
 
 of Prof. Twiss Election of Matthew J. Williams to the 
 Chair of Mathematics Notice of Prof. Twiss Notice of 
 Dr. Hooper Board of Visitors appointed for the final Ex- 
 amination of the Senior Class Resignation of Professor 
 Ellet Election of Richard T. Brumby to the Chair of 
 Chemistry Notice of Prof. Ellet Report of the Rev. Dr. 
 Gilman, Chairman of Board of Visitors Destruction of a 
 College by fire, and issue between the Faculty and Students 
 Resignation of Dr. Thornwell Resignation of Mr. 
 Preston Election of Dr. Thornwell to the Presidency- 
 Election of Rev. J. L. Reynolds to the Chair of Belles 
 Lettres and Elocution 245 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Notice of Mr. Preston Issue between Trustees and Students 
 in relation to the Commons Plan Q$ written Examinations 
 Withdrawal of Students from College on account of Com- 
 mons 283 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Report of Committee of Trustees providing for licensing 
 Boarding Houses on certain conditions, and continuance of 
 the Bursary under new regulations New system in reference 
 to Commencement, Honors, and Distinctions, and the rising 
 Examination of the three under-classes Resignation of Prof. 
 Williams, and notice of him 'Resolutions of Faculty regu- 
 lating the Stands of the Students Great Fire in the College 
 Riot, and issue between the Faculty and Students 
 Retirement of Dr. Thornwell from the College 307 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Notice of Dr. Thornwell Entrance of Mr. McCay upon the 
 Presidency Disturbance in the College Suspension of the 
 Exercises Professor John LeConte invited to discharge the 
 duties of Professor Brumby's department William J. Rivers 
 elected Greek Professor Professor Brumby's resignation 
 Election of Professors John LeConte and Rivers permanently 
 Election of Professors Joseph LeConte and Robert W. 
 Barnwell, Jr 329 
 
ill CONTENTS, 
 
 ' CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Notice of Dr. Henry Notice of Professor Brumby 363 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Notice of Dr. Lieber Riot in College Resignation of Presi- 
 dent and Professors Re-election of Professors Notice of 
 Professor Pelham Election of Hon. A. B. Longstreet to the 
 Presidency- Election of Charles S. Venable to the Chair of 
 Mathematics 395 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Societies of the College Constitution of the Board of Trustees, 
 and Catalogue of Trustees, Presidents, Professors and 
 Tutors Treasurers and Librarians Alumni Persons upon 
 whom Honorary Degrees have been conferred besides the 
 Alumni Names of Students admitted to College who left 
 without a Diploma Honors awarded from the period of the 
 first Commencement Extract from Catalogue of 1859 427 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 
 
 It is a gratifying fact in the history of Carolina, 
 that as soon as the English settlers placed their feet 
 upon its soil, they gave the most earnest attention to 
 the business of education. By the efforts of Rev. 
 Thomas Bray, the Bishop of London's commissary in 
 Maryland, and from the bounty of the Lords' proprie- 
 tors and contributions of the Carolinians, the first 
 public library was formed in Charles Town; and the 
 Assembly, by special Act in 1698, placed it under the 
 care of the Episcopal minister. It is also worthy of 
 note, that the society for propagating the gospel sent 
 out missionaries not only to preach, but to " encourage 
 the setting up of schools for the teaching of children."* 
 
 The Government of Carolina then in the early 
 periods of its history, seems to have been fully im- 
 pressed with the importance of making provision for 
 the education of the people. This is exhibited in the 
 many Acts of the General Assembly. In 1710, an 
 Act was passed to found a Free School for the use of 
 the inhabitants of South Carolina ; "for the instruction 
 of the youth of this Province in grammar and other 
 
 * Vid. Rivers' History of South Carolina. 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 arts and sciences, and useful learning; and also in the 
 principles of the Christian religion." This free school 
 never went into operation in the form provided in the 
 Act, and further legislation was deemed necessary. 
 Accordingly another Act was passed in 1712, entitled 
 "An Act for the encouragement of Learning;" and 
 the preamble declares that its main purpose is to 
 supply the defects of the former. But by another Act 
 passed, also} in 1712, called "An Act for founding and 
 erecting a Free School in Charles Town," provision is 
 made for the education of the inhabitants of the 
 Province on a scale more extended than at any pre* 
 vious period. Mr. John Douglass is declared in the 
 Act Master of the said school, by the name and title 
 of Preceptor or Teacher of grammar, and the other 
 arts and sciences to be taught in the Free School of 
 Charles Town, for the Province of South Carolina. I 
 trust that my readers will pardon me for thus in- 
 troducing to them this ancient school-master, who 
 occupies so proud a position in the history of the 
 education of the State. Nor were his attainments to 
 be of a low order. Our venerable fathers fixed a classi- 
 cal standard ; they had a high mark ; they were not 
 content with the English alone. The Act requires 
 that the Master shall be capable of teaching the Latin 
 and Greek languages, and that he shall catechise and 
 instruct the youth in the principles of the Christian 
 religion, as professed in the Church of England. Nor 
 was practical education neglected ; for the Act provides 
 that a fit person shall be appointed by the Commis- 
 sioners "to teach writing, arithmetic and merchant's 
 accounts ; and also the art of navigation and surveying, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 15 
 
 and other useful and practical parts of the mathe- 
 matics." It was the design of the Assembly to furnish 
 the means of education to the whole youth of the 
 Province, and to this end it was enacted, that as soon 
 as a school-master is settled in any other parish of this 
 Province, such school-master shall receive a specified 
 sum of money per annum, out of the public treasury, 
 in quarterly payments. 
 
 In the House Journals of 1723, it is recorded that 
 the Rev. Mr. Thomas Mo/rit made proposals for a 
 College on the 7th December, 1723. Whether he pre- 
 sented a digested plan for such an higher education as 
 is now embraced under the term, or what was the 
 particular character of the suggestion, I know not. 
 But the record proves that there was a great want of 
 funds at this time for carrying on the free schools, and 
 that it was necessary to resort to legal measures 
 against certain persons to obtain the amount required. 
 This was reason enough to stay the hand of the Assem- 
 bly, if any more thorough and extensive system of 
 education was contemplated. The fact has some impor- 
 tance imparted to it by the consideration, that it is 
 the first time the word College occurs in our history. 
 
 It is a fact worthy of mention, while giving a brief 
 summary of the earlier educational movements in the 
 State, that, through the kindness of Dr. Gibbes, I am 
 in possession of a manuscript, entitled " A Bill for 
 founding, erecting and endowing Public Schools, and 
 a College for the education of the youth of this 
 Province," which was drawn in the time of Lieutenant 
 Governor Bull, and a considerable portion of which is 
 in the hand- writing of John Rutledge. It is probable, 
 
1C HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 nay almost certain, that the scheme was a conception 
 of this great man himself. It was designed to he 
 submitted to the Lieutenant Governor, and His Ma- 
 jesty's Council and the Common's House of Assembly; 
 but whether this was done, and what are the particu- 
 lars of its history, I am unable to declare. After 
 making full provision for public schools, the bill then 
 provides for founding and endowing a College in the 
 Province, for the appointment of Commissioners, and 
 of a Board of Trustees, of which the Governor and 
 the Speaker of the Common's House of Assembly 
 were to be ex-officio members, to be called " the Trus- 
 tees of the College of South Carolina." The following 
 is the corps of instructors, with the several branches 
 of knowledge which they are required to teach; a 
 President, who shall be Professor of Divinity, Moral 
 Philosophy and of the Greek and Hebrew languages, 
 at a salary of three hundred and fifty pounds sterling 
 per annum; a Professor of the Civil and Common 
 Law, and of the Municipal Laws of the Province, with 
 a salary of two hundred pounds ; a Professor of 
 Physic, Anatomy, Botany and Chemistry, two hun- 
 dred pounds ; a Professor of Mathematics and of 
 Natural and Experimental Philosophy, two hundred 
 pounds ; a Professor of History, Chronology and the 
 Modern Languages, two hundred pounds ; and it was 
 provided that the President of the College shall be 
 of the religion of the Church of England. To John 
 Rutledge then, as well as I can judge from the histori- 
 cal lights upon the matter, is due the credit of having 
 made the suggestion. It was proposed to locate it in 
 Charles Town, and I am unable to say whether this 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 17 
 
 scheme has any connection with the Act to be noticed 
 presently, which founded several Colleges in different 
 parts of the country. 
 
 Passing by the efforts of individuals and the results 
 of private enterprise, and confining myself to legisla- 
 tive enactment, the next Act to be noticed is " An Act 
 for the encouragement of Arts and Sciences," passed in 
 March, 1784. The purpose of this Act is to secure 
 the copy-right of books to the authors and proprietors, 
 for a'term of years, and to protect the public against 
 unreasonable prices. At the session of 1785, an Act 
 was passed which probably was more important to 
 the educational interest of the State than any which 
 preceded it ; this is the " Act for establishing a College 
 at the Village of Winnsborough, a College in or near 
 the City of Charles Town, and a College at Ninety-Six." 
 The first two have had a long career of usefulness and 
 honor. Each has contributed its full part to the educa- 
 tion of the people, and, being now in active operation 
 under the management of faculties which would do 
 honor to any Institution, may we not hope that a 
 future of even still greater brilliancy is before them ! 
 The College at Cambridge (Ninety-Six) seems to have 
 been a failure. In a few years after it was incorporated, 
 the Legislature gave to its Trustees full power and 
 authority " to establish and draw a lottery for the 
 purpose of raising a sum for the benefit of said Insti- 
 tution;" and, in the year 1803, certain persons were 
 authorized to sell and dispose of all the lands, town 
 lots, buildings and other property, belonging to the 
 College of Cambridge, with the view of paying the 
 debts, and to apply the surplus, if any, towards the 
 
18 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 establishment of Grammar Schools in the District of 
 Abbeville. In 1795, the Legislature passed "An Act 
 to vest certain lands, in the District of Beaufort, in 
 Trustees, for the purpose of building and endowing a 
 College in the Town of Beaufort, and for other pur- 
 poses." It appears that the seminaries of education, 
 which had been established in the interior, had 
 failed thus far to accomplish the purpose for which 
 they were designed; and, in 1797, a College was in- 
 corporated in Pinckney District by the name* and 
 style of " the College of Alexandria." The preamble 
 to the Act declares this failure, and regrets that " the 
 rising youth, after obtaining a knowledge of the Latin 
 and Greek languages, are obliged to resort to the Col- 
 leges in other States to acquire a knowledge of the 
 arts and sciences to fit them for future life." But 
 where is the College of Alexandria ? where is the roll 
 of its Alumni? It did not meet the wants of the 
 State, and something more was necessary to prevent 
 " resort to the Colleges in other States." But what- 
 ever may have been the extent of failure in the efforts 
 made to diffuse the blessing of education throughout 
 the State, our wise legislators suffered no abatement 
 in their ardor, and were stimulated to higher and more 
 energetic action. There was one experiment yet to 
 be tried, and that was that the State should have a 
 College of its own. There could be no lack of funds, as 
 in the case of the Seminaries previously incorporated. 
 The course of instruction to be pursued was to be of 
 that character which was best suited to the wants of 
 the people ; it was to be governed by a Board of Trustees 
 appointed by the Legislature, and the Trustees were 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 19 
 
 to elect the faculty. Such a compensation was to be 
 allowed the Professors as would attract to the College 
 men of science and learning. Earnestly engaged as the 
 public mind was upon the subject of education, it is 
 not improbable that the idea of a State Institution 
 was indulged by many, as we know that many years 
 before, it was suggested by John Rutledge ; but, as far 
 as the records prove any thing, to Governor Drayton 
 belongs the credit of having made the suggestion at this 
 time. In his Message to the Legislature in December, 
 1801, he recommends the establishment of a State 
 College, and the committee to whom the recommenda- 
 tion was referred, reported favorably. 
 
 The following extract from his Message will not be 
 uninteresting. The Message is dated November 23d, 
 1801. After making certain suggestions in reference 
 to the policy of the State, he remarks that, "propor- 
 tionally advantageous, also, to the citizens of the State, 
 will be any attention which you will bestow upon the 
 education of her youth. At the commencement of 
 your last session I took pleasure in submitting this to 
 your consideration, and I now repeat the same to you 
 as a matter claiming your serious and early attention. 
 Were a person to look over the laws of the State, he 
 would find that five Colleges are incorporated therein ; 
 and did his inquiries proceed no further, he would 
 naturally imagine we had already arrived at an envi- 
 able excellence in literature. He would perceive a Col- 
 lege instituted at Charles Town, one at Cambridge, one 
 at Winnsborough, one at Beaufort, and one by the name 
 of Alexandria College, in the upper part of the State 
 all of which are empowered to confer degrees. But 
 
20 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 were he to direct his inquiries further concerning 
 them, he would find that Cambridge and Winns- 
 borough Colleges were soon discontinued through a 
 want of funds; and, although the last mentioned 
 one has been lately renewed through the exertions of 
 the Mount Zion Society, it is still nothing but an 
 elementary school, and one which can never rise to 
 eminence as a College from its present support. Beau- 
 fort and Alexandria Colleges are as yet scarcely 
 known but in the land which incorporated them, and 
 Charleston College is at present not entitled to an 
 higher appellation than that of a respectable Academy 
 or Grammar School." 
 
 "Could the attention of the Legislature be directed 
 to this important object, and a State College be raised 
 and fostered by its hand at Columbia, or some central 
 and healthy part of the State, under proper directors 
 and trustees, including as ex-officio members the Exe- 
 cutive and Judiciary of the State, and any other suit- 
 able public officers, there could be no doubt of its rising 
 into eminence, because being supported at first by the 
 public funds, the means could not be wanting of 
 inviting and providing for learned and respectable 
 Professors in the various branches of science. Well 
 chosen libraries would be procured, and philosophical 
 apparatus lead the pursuits of our youth from theory 
 to practice. The friendships of young men would 
 thence be promoted and strengthened throughout the 
 State, and our political union be much advanced 
 thereby." 
 
 From the memoir of Chancellor DeSaussure, by 
 Chancellor. Harper, I make the following extract:" 
 
HISTOKY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 21 
 
 "In 1801, as a member of the Legislature, he (Mr. 
 DeSaussure) took a zealous and active part in pro- 
 moting the act for the establishment of the South 
 Carolina College, and few contributed more to its 
 success; an act of more lasting benefit to the State, 
 more honorable to its character, and more promotive 
 of 'its true interests, than any which its Legislature 
 ever passed. This measure originated in the contest 
 which had arisen between the upper and lower country 
 of the State, with respect to representation in the 
 Legislature. The upper country, which at the adop- 
 tion of the Constitution of 1791 was comparatively 
 poor and unpeopled, had allotted to it by the provisions 
 of the Constitution a much smaller representation. 
 It had now grown in wealth, far out-numbered the 
 lower country in its population, and imperatively 
 demanded a reform in the representation. This the 
 people of the lower country feared to grant on the 
 ground of the general deficiency of education and 
 intelligence in the upper country, which would render 
 it incompetent to exercise wisely and justly the power 
 which such a reform would place in its hands. It 
 was to remedy this deficiency that it was proposed to 
 establish a College at Columbia. The Act was passed 
 not without difficulty, nor without the strenuous oppo- 
 sition of many whom it was intended more especially 
 to benefit. There is no citizen of the State, and still 
 more who has directly and personally received the 
 benefits of the Institution, whose deepest gratitude is 
 not due to every one who contributed in any degree to 
 the success of the measure." And here I must take 
 occasion to add, that from this period to that of his 
 
22 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 death, in March 1839, Chancellor DeSaussure took the 
 liveliest interest in the fortunes of the College. He 
 was a member of the first Board of Trustees, and for 
 upwards of thirty years rendered the most efficient ser- 
 vice. Through the kindness of Professor Rivers, I am 
 enabled to give the names of the entire committee that 
 reported the Bill. The committee then, to whom the 
 Message of the Governor recommending the establish- 
 ment of a State College was referred, consisted of Mr. 
 Thos. R. Smith, Col. W. B. Mitchell, Col. Mays, Mr. 
 Horry, Thomas Smith, Col. Kershaw, Mr. Bennett, 
 Gen. Anderson and Mr. DeSaussure. These gentle- 
 men deserve a place in the history of the College. 
 The opposition to its establishment did not cease with 
 the passage of the Act, for we read on the Journals of 
 the House at the session of 1802, that two petitions 
 for its repeal, "from many inhabitants" of an up- 
 country district, were presented and referred to a 
 committee consisting of Mr. Falconer, Major Hampton, 
 Mr. Evans, Mr. Jno. Richardson and Dr. Fuller. To 
 be identified with a great measure which has produced 
 such incalculable benefit, which has refined and edu- 
 cated a whole community, and shed such lustre upon 
 our beloved commonwealth, is a glory far greater than 
 that which crowns the march and triumphs of mighty 
 conquerors. I give entire the Act incorporating the 
 College : 
 
 "AN ACT TO ESTABLISH A COLLEGE AT COLUMBIA. 
 
 " Whereas, The proper education of youth contri- 
 butes greatly to the prosperity of society, and ought 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 23 
 
 always to be an object of legislative attention ; and 
 whereas, the establishment of a College in a central 
 part of the State, where all its youth may be educated, 
 will highly promote the instruction, the good order 
 and the harmony of the whole community : 
 
 "I. Be it therefore enacted, by the Honorable the 
 Senate and the House of Representatives, now met 
 and sitting in General Assembly, and by the authority 
 of the same, That his Excellency the Governor, his 
 Honor the Lieutenant Governor, the Honorable the 
 President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives, the Honorable the Associate Judges 
 of the Court of Equity, shall be, ex-officio, together 
 with General Charles C. Pinckney, H. W. DeSaussure, 
 Thomas Taylor, the Reverend D. E. Dunlap, the 
 Reverend Mr. John Brown, of Lancaster, Wade 
 Hampton, John Chesnut, James B. Richardson, Dr. 
 Isaac Alexander, Henry Dana Ward, the Rev. Samuel 
 W. Yongue, William Falconer, and Bartlee Smyth, 
 Trustees, to continue in office for the term of four 
 years from the passing of this Act, and at the expira- 
 tion of the said four year*, and every four years there- 
 after, the Legislature to nominate thirteen Trustees to 
 succeed the said thirteen persons above named, one 
 body politic and corporate, in deed and in law, by the 
 name of 'The Trustees of the South Carolina 
 College;' and that by the said name they and their 
 successors shall and may have perpetual succession, 
 and be able and capable in law to have, receive and 
 enjoy, to them and their successors, lands, tenements 
 and hereditaments, of any kind or value, in fee, or for 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLL1GE. 
 
 life or years, and personal property of any kind what- 
 soever, and also all sums of money of any amount 
 whatsoever, which may be granted or bequeathed to 
 them for the purpose of building, erecting, endowing 
 and supporting the said College in the town of 
 Columbia. 
 
 " II. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
 That there shall be a stated meeting of the said Trus- 
 tees on the first Wednesday in December in each year, 
 during the session of the Legislature; and that the 
 President of the said College, and four of the said 
 Trustees, shall have full power to call occasional 
 meetings of the Board whenever it shall appear to 
 them necessary; and that at all stated meetings the 
 President of the Board of Trustees aforesaid, and ten 
 of the Trustees, shall be the number to constitute a 
 quorum, and to fill up, by ballot, any vacancies that 
 may occur in the said Trustees, except those who are 
 hereby declared to be Trustees ex-officio; and the 
 President and six of the other Trustees shall be the 
 number to constitute an occasional meeting; and the 
 said Trustees, or a quorum of them, being regularly 
 convened, shall be capable of doing or transacting all 
 the business and concerns of the said College; but 
 more particularly of electing all the customary neces- 
 sary officers of the said institution, of fixing their 
 several salaries, of removing any of them for neglect 
 or misconduct in office, of prescribing the course of 
 studies to be pursued by the students ; and, in general, 
 of framing and enacting all such ordinances and by- 
 laws as shall appear to them necessary for the good 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 25 
 
 government of the said College : Provided the same be 
 not repugnant to the laws of the State nor of the 
 United States. 
 
 "III. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid. 
 That the head of the said College shall be styled ' The 
 President/ and the masters ' thereof shall be styled 
 6 The Professors;' but Professors, while they remain 
 such, shall never be capable of holding the office of 
 Trustee ; and the President and Professors, or a ma- 
 jority of them, shall be styled ' The Faculty of the 
 College;' which Faculty shall have the power of 
 enforcing the ordinances and by-laws adopted by the 
 Trustees for the government of the pupils, by reward- 
 ing or censuring them, and finally, by suspending such 
 of them as, after repeated admonitions, shall continue 
 disobedient or refractory, until a determination of a 
 quorum of Trustees can be had; but that it shall be 
 only in the power of a quorum of Trustees, at their 
 stated meeting, to expel any student of the said 
 College. 
 
 "IV. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
 That the Trustees of the said College shall and may 
 have a common seal for the business of themselves and 
 their successor, with liberty to change or alter the 
 same, from time to time, as they shall think proper; 
 and that, by their aforesaid name, they and their suc- 
 cessors shall and may be able to implead and be 
 impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and 
 be defended, in all courts of law within this State; 
 and to grant, bargain, sell or assign any lands, tene- 
 ments, hereditaments, goods or chattels; and to act 
 and do all things whatsoever, for the benefit of the 
 
26 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 said College, in as ample a manner as any person or 
 body politic or corporate can or may by law. 
 
 "V. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
 That the Trustees of the said College are hereby 
 authorized and empowered to draw out of the Treasury 
 of this State the sum of fifty thousand dollars, to be 
 appropriated to the purpose of erecting a building of 
 brick or stone, and covered with tile or slate, suitable 
 to the accommodation of the students of the said 
 College, and suitable for fully carrying on the educa- 
 tion of the said students, and for the erection of such 
 other buildings as may be necessary for the use of the 
 said College ; and that the Comptroller be authorized 
 and empowered, upon application of the said Trustees, 
 to pay over to said Trustees the sum of six thousand 
 dollars, yearly and every year, to be appropriated to 
 the purpose of paying the salaries of the Faculty of 
 the said College, and for the future support of the 
 same; and that the Trustees of the said College shall 
 be accountable for the proper appropriation of the said 
 monies to the Comptroller, who shall report thereon 
 annually to the Legislature. 
 
 "VI. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
 That this Act shall be deemed a public Act, and as 
 such shall be judicially taken notice of, without special 
 pleading, in all the courts of law or equity within this 
 State. 
 
 "VII. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 aforesaid, That the said Trustees, with the concurrence 
 of the Commissioners of Columbia, shall be empowered 
 to make choice of any square or squares, yet unsold, 
 in the town of Columbia, for the purpose of erecting 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 27 
 
 said College, and the buildings attached thereto, having 
 strict reference to every advantage and convenience 
 necessary for such institution. 
 
 "In the Senate the nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand eight hundred and one, and in the twenty-sixth year of the 
 Independence of the United States of America. 
 
 "JOHN WARD, 
 
 "President of the Senate. 
 
 "THEODORE GAILLARD, 
 
 " Speaker of the House of Representatives." 
 
 The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was 
 held at the house of his Excellency the Governor, 
 in the City of Charleston, on Friday, 12th of February, 
 1802, and the following members were present : His 
 Excellency the Governor, Judges Rutledge, Johnson 
 and Trezevant, General Charles C. Pinckney, H. W. 
 DeSaussure, Thomas Taylor, Wade Hampton, Henry 
 Dana Ward and the Rev. D. E. Dunlap. As a majority 
 of the Board was not present, the meeting was 
 adjourned to the succeeding Sunday, the 14th inst. 
 The Board met agreeably to appointment, and a 
 majority being present, proceeded to business. His 
 Excellency Governor Drayton was elected President. 
 It would encumber this narrative too much if I were 
 to give in lengthened detail the proceedings at the 
 several meetings ; but it is an act of simple justice to 
 declare that the Trustees went to work with becoming 
 earnestness of spirit. At this meeting a committee 
 was appointed to report upon a site for the College, 
 and the Governor was instructed to advertise for 
 plans. There seems to have been considerable diffi- 
 culty in procuring a suitable site ; but finally, in Decem- 
 
28 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 ber, the spot where the buildings are now located was 
 selected by the Board. The plan adopted was " founded 
 on some principles taken from the plan offered by Mr. 
 Mills and Mr. Clark," and the reward offered by the 
 Board was equally divided between these gentlemen. 
 A special committee, of which Colonel Taylor and 
 Col. Hampton were leading members, was appointed 
 to contract for building the College agreeably to the 
 plan adopted, and in April, 1803, the committee 
 reported the contract to the Board, which was read 
 and confirmed. At the November meeting it was 
 resolved that the President of the College shall re- 
 ceive a salary of $2,500 per annum, that the Professor 
 of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy shall receive 
 $1,500 per annum, and that each of the other Professors 
 shall receive $1,000 per annum ; that the President shall 
 be provided with a suitable dwelling house, and that 
 each of the Professors shall have boarding and lodging 
 in the College. It was also resolved that the President 
 of the Board be requested to write to the Principals of 
 the various Colleges in America, and to all others to 
 whom he may think fit to apply, requesting them to 
 recommend such persons as they think best qualified 
 to fill the offices of Principal and Professors in the 
 South Carolina College. The meeting of April 28, 
 1804, is one of the most important in the history 
 of the College,- as that day was set apart for the 
 election of a President and Professors. The Reve- 
 rend Jonathan Maxcy was elected on that day, with 
 the condition that he enter on his duties "on the 
 Monday next before the meeting of the adjourned 
 Court at Columbia in November next," and John 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 29 
 
 McLean was elected Professor of Mathematics and 
 Natural Philosophy., with instructions to enter upon 
 his office at the same time. At an adjourned meeting 
 on the next day, the Eeverend Robert Wilson was 
 elected First Professor of Languages, and Enoch Han- 
 ford was elected Second Professor of Languages. On 
 the 5th December 1804, Dr. Maxcy was elected 
 a Trustee, in place of H. W. DeSaussure, resigned. 
 This fact is not unworthy of note, as it estab- 
 lished other and not less important relations between 
 that remarkable man and the College, and gave a new 
 field for the display of that genius which impressed 
 itself so signally upon all who came in contact 
 with it. On the day succeeding his election, he being 
 present, the Board took under consideration the Report 
 of the Committee on the Rules and Regulations of the 
 College. There is but one portion of it to which I 
 think proper to call attention, and this is Art. 4 : 
 Classes, Admission, Studies and Exercises. This is 
 important, as it fixes a standard of education in that 
 day according to the conception of our fathers, and, 
 as I think too, with all due allowance to the progress 
 of the age, a standard sufficiently elevated as not to 
 be despised. I give the entire article : 
 
 " SEC. 1. There shall be established in the College 
 four classes, which in their succession shall bear the 
 usual titles of Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and 
 Senior. 
 
 " SEC. 2. For admission to the Freshman Class, a 
 candidate shall be able to render from Latin into 
 English, Cornelius Nepos, Sallust, Caesar's Commen- 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 taries and Virgil's ^Eneid ; to make grammatical Latin 
 of the exercises in Mairs' Introduction; to translate 
 into English any passage from the Evangelist St. 
 John, in the Greek Testament ; to give a grammatical 
 analysis of the words, and have a general knowledge 
 of the English Grammar ; write a good, legible hand, 
 spell correctly, and be well acquainted with Arith- 
 metic as far as includes the Rule of Proportion. 
 
 " SEC. 3. Candidates for admission to any of the 
 higher Classes, in addition to the foregoing qualifi- 
 cations, shall be examined in all the studies that have 
 ,been pursued by that Class since the commencement 
 of the Freshman year. 
 
 " SEC. 4. The studies of the Freshman year shall 
 be the Greek 'Testament, Xenophon's Cyropedia, 
 Mairs' Introduction, Virgil, Cicero's Orations, Roman 
 Antiquities, Arithmetic, English Grammar, and Sher- 
 ridan's Lectures on Elocution. A part of every day's 
 Latin lesson shall be written in a fair hand, with an 
 English translation, and correctly spelled. 
 
 " SEC. 5. The studies of the Sophomore year shall 
 be Homer's Iliad, Horace, Vulgar and Decimal Frac- 
 tions, with the extraction of Roots, Geography, Watts' 
 Logic, Blairs' Lectures, Algebra, the French Language 
 and Roman Antiquities. 
 
 " SEC. 6, The studies of the Junior year, shall be 
 Elements of Criticism, Geometry Theoretical and 
 Practical, Astronomy, Natural and Moral Philosophy, 
 French, Longinus de Sublimitate, and Cicero de 
 Oratore. 
 
 " SEC. 7. The studies of the Senior year shall be 
 Millots' Elements of History, Demosthenes' Select 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 31 
 
 Orations, and such parts of Locke's Essay as shall be 
 prescribed by the Faculty. The Seniors, also, shall 
 review such parts of the studies of the preceding year, 
 and perform such exercises in the higher branches of 
 the Mathematics as the Faculty may direct. 
 
 " SEC. 8. From the time of their admission into Col- 
 lege, the students shall be exercised in Composition 
 and public speaking, for which purpose such a num- 
 ber as the Faculty shall direct shall daily, in rotation, 
 deliver orations in the College Hall. There shall also 
 be public exhibitions, and competition in speaking and 
 other exercises, held at such times and under such 
 regulations as the Faculty shall require ; and every 
 member of the Senior Class shall, at least once each 
 month, deliver an oration of his own composition, 
 after submitting it to be perused and corrected by the 
 President." 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 The period fixed upon for opening the College, the 
 10th January 1805, was fast approaching, and the 
 Trustees were most busily engaged in completing the 
 organization. Arrangements were made to furnish 
 the students with board, and Timothy Rives was 
 appointed steward of the College. A dwelling was 
 rented for the President, and the vessel, though feebly 
 manned, was now to be launched on the broad ocean. 
 Messrs. McLean and Wilson had declined their 
 appointments, and the master of the ship had on. 
 board but one other to accompany him on his perilous 
 voyage. This was Professor Hanford. Thus opened 
 the South Carolina College, with a Faculty of two, on 
 the 10th of January, 1805. What a mighty work 
 was before the great man who was placed at its head ! 
 He felt the dignity of his mission, and in imagination 
 the vision of future glory and renown passed before 
 him. On that day this Faculty of two held its first 
 meeting. Who can tell of their conferences, who can 
 describe the emotion which stirred their bosoms ? The 
 first step in a great movement was now to be taken ; 
 a great idea was now to be given a living, practical 
 realization ; a noble scheme excogitated by good and 
 patriotic men, in the 'midst of many failures, was by 
 them to be put in operation ; a scheme which proposed 
 to give knowledge to all, and to diffuse the blessings 
 of education throughout the length and breadth of 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLCEGE. 
 
 the land. What a work, what a terrible though 
 ennobling responsibility! Fortunate, indeed, was it 
 for the College that that responsibility was devolved 
 upon Maxcy a man rarely equalled in qualifications 
 for such a work, and I believe never surpassed. 
 Who does not wish that the first youth admitted into 
 the College should have genius, and the richest 
 endowments that the future should reveal him as a 
 man of mark in his generation that he should illus- 
 trate pre-eminently the wisdom and policy which led 
 to its foundation that he should stand like a tower of 
 strength upon its immoveable basis, that the men of 
 coming generations might gaze at its sublime and ma- 
 jestic proportions ! 
 
 Most gratifying is it to me to record that the first 
 person admitted into the College is one of the most 
 distinguished of its alumni; that to the most attrac- 
 tive qualities of the man he added the highest intellec- 
 tual endowments ; that his genius and learning have 
 adorned the bench of Carolina, and that he is justly 
 regarded as the Eldon of our State. I mean William 
 Harper, the late eminent Chancellor. The records of the 
 Faculty inform us that he was the first person admitted 
 into the College, and that his brother Wesley was the 
 second. On the same day were admitted Charles W. 
 DeWitt, Thomas W. Kobertson, John N. Davis, James 
 Goodwin, John T. Goodwin, John Mayrant and Ben- 
 jamin Waring. By the llth of July, twenty-nine 
 young gentlemen were received in the College, and of 
 this- number I give the names of George W. Glenn 
 and Josiah J. Evans,* who still survive. The Faculty 
 
 * Since the above was written this worthy man died at Washington. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 35 
 
 resolved to have an examination of the classes 011 that 
 day, and at that time the first examination was held. 
 In the mean time the Board of Trustees had called 
 into its service two additional Professors, having 
 elected Clement Early and Elisha Hammond on the 
 25th of April. The first rising examination was held 
 on the 25th November, and the several classes were 
 advanced to the next higher grade. At the meeting 
 of the Board of Trustees on the 4th December, 1805, 
 Governor Paul Hamilton, the President, called atten- 
 tion to a fact which is perhaps not unworthy of notice. 
 He stated in substance that he had examined the 
 original Act establishing the College, and that the 
 Judges of the Court of Sessions and Common Pleas, 
 who had been acting as Trustees, were not appointed 
 such by said Act, and that in consequence of this dis- 
 covery the Judges had withdrawn from the Board. 
 The Board came to the conclusion that its proceedings 
 had not been legal, and the Governor was requested 
 to communicate to the Legislature the embarrassments 
 which had sprung from the mistake, and to request 
 its interposition in legalizing its transactions. An Act 
 to that effect was accordingly passed, and authority 
 was also given to the College to confer degrees. On 
 the 20th December, Professor Early was disconnected 
 with the College. I can say very little of him. He 
 was associated with it but a short time, incurred the 
 censure of the Board, and I believe returned to his 
 native State after his* connection was dissolved. He 
 was born in Georgia, and was of the distinguished 
 family of that name, being a brother of Governor 
 Early, w^hose reputation is dear to the people of that 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 State. The Hon. J. J. Evans, who was a student in 
 the College when Mr. Early held his Professorship, 
 writes to me, that he thinks he was a teacher in a 
 Preparatory School before his election to a Professor- 
 ship ; that he was considered a good .scholar ; that his 
 character was excellent, though he was charged with 
 some defects of temper. In the course of December 
 there was a public exhibition of Declamations and 
 Dialogues by the Junior, Sophomore and Freshman 
 Classes. Thus ended the first year of the College, and 
 the 9th January, 1806, presented a roll of forty-six stu- 
 dents. As far as appears from the record, the only act of 
 discipline during that year, was the admonition of a 
 few members of the Freshman Class for deficiency at 
 the examination in July. There is every reason to 
 believe that it had good success, and the friends of the 
 College took fresh courage. Who can tell the labors 
 of the man who presided over its fortunes ; who can 
 estimate the value of his services in that brief, but 
 most important period ! 
 
 The second year opened then under favorable 
 auspices. At the April meeting of the Board of 
 Trustees, it was resolved that the President of the 
 College be requested to perform Divine Service in the 
 Chapel on every Sunday, and that he be authorized 
 to invite occasion ally other respectable clergymen of any 
 denomination to officiate in his stead. At this meet- 
 ing leave was granted to Professor Hanford to resign 
 his office at the next annual meeting. Thus was the 
 College soon to be deprived of his valuable services. 
 By the kindness of a distinguished graduate, who was 
 a member of the College throughout Professor Han- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 37 
 
 ford's connection with it, I have it in my power to 
 give the following account of him : He was a native 
 of Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College. He 
 studied law with Roger M. Sherman, and came to Fay- 
 etteville, North Carolina. There he became acquainted 
 with William DeWitt, a gentleman of Society Hill, 
 South Carolina, who employed him as a private 
 tutor for his son Charles M. Dewitt, of whom honor- 
 able mention is made by Mr. Petigru in his semi- 
 centennial address delivered in the College Hall in 
 December, 1855. In the course of the }^ear he married 
 a daughter of Mr. DeWitt. In 1804, he conducted an 
 Academy of distinction called the St. David's Academy, 
 where most of the persons in that part of the State 
 received their classical education. It was whilst he 
 was thus employed that he was elected Professor. 
 Some of the distinguished men of our State received 
 their preparatory education for the College in that 
 Academy, and among these may be mentioned Judge 
 Evans. After he resigned his Professorship he re- 
 turned to Society Hill, and commenced the practice 
 of the law. He died in August or September, 1817. Mr. 
 Hanford was a gentleman of good personal appearance, 
 and somewhat above the common size. His attainments 
 in scholarship were respectable, though not of that high 
 order which would now be expected. They were the 
 attainments of a well-educated man who did not 
 pursue literature as a means of advancement in life ; 
 and it is believed that he resorted to teaching as a tem- 
 porary employment, until he could establish himself 
 advantageously in his chosen profession. During his 
 connection with the College he was much respected by* 
 
38 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the students, and he rendered truly valuable service 
 to the institution at this early, but trying period of its 
 existence. As a lawyer, his attainments were good. 
 His mind was well-stored with the elementary prin- 
 ciples of his profession. His arguments in Court were 
 sound, but his manner of speaking was slow and 
 v hesitating. At the meeting of the Board of Trustees 
 on 28th November, 1806, leave was granted to Pro- 
 fessor Hammond to resign his office as Professor on 
 the last day of January, 1807. 
 
 Elisha Hammond was born in New Bedford, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 10th, 1774. Both his father and 
 mother had brothers in the battle of Bunker's Hill. 
 They were at the time prisoners in Boston. It so 
 happened, that at the opening of the battle the mother 
 had her infant child in her arms, and at the first sound 
 of the cannon she dropped him. She was a woman 
 of "Tesprit," and wrote rhymes. Some College beau 
 being in her neighborhood, and putting on airs, she 
 wrote some lines on the occasion, and among them 
 were these two that are not unworthy of Swift : 
 
 " A beau in the country worth any in College, 
 For he that hath wit, need not go there for knowledge." 
 
 Professor Hammond graduated at Dartmouth College 
 in 1802. He came to South Carolina in 1803-4, and 
 was immediately engaged as Principal of Mount 
 Bethel Academy in Newberry, which was established 
 by the Methodists. Judge Evans informed me that 
 his reputation as a teacher was very high. Judge 
 O'Neall, in his " Annals of Newberry," speaks of "that 
 fine institution of learning, the Mount Bethel Aca- 
 xlemy. Elisha Hammond, the father of Governor 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 39 
 
 Hammond, and Josiah P. Smith, were its principal 
 teachers. It gave to the country such men as Judge 
 Crenshaw, Walter Crenshaw, Chanceller Harper, John 
 Caldwell, Dr. George Glenn, Governor E. J. Manning, 
 and others. The Mount Bethel Academy furnished 
 the first students and graduates of the South Carolina 
 College." It is not surprising that the Trustees of the 
 College were anxious to secure the services of the 
 distinguished principal ; and he was accordingly 
 elected Professor of Languages, April 25th, 1805. 
 NovembeV 28th, 1806, leave was granted him to 
 resign his Professorship on the last day of January, 
 1807. He returned to Ne wherry, and again took 
 charge of Mount Bethel Academy, in 1809-10, and 
 remained there until the summer of 1815, when he 
 removed to Columbia. Pie died at Macon, Ga., July 
 27th, 1829. I am not prepared to speak of him 
 particularly as a Professor, or to estimate the value of 
 those services which he rendered to the College. From 
 what has been said the reader will not doubt his 
 literary qualifications. Judge Evans was a student 
 at the time, and writes that " his personal appearance 
 and manners were very captivating, and that his 
 popularity for a period of his connection with the 
 College was scarcely inferior to that of Dr. Maxcy." 
 
 At the same meeting the Rev. Joseph Caldwell was 
 elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phi- 
 losophy, and Thomas Park elected Professor of Lan- 
 guages. On the 1st of December Paul H. Perault 
 was elected Professor, and at the same meeting the 
 Board resolved, that it was expedient to elect a 
 Professor of the French language, whose whole time 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 should be devoted to the subject ; and the President 
 was requested to ask the Legislature to appropriate 
 an adequate sum for the salary of such Professor. 
 To most of my readers I know it will not be uninter- 
 esting to record, that the Board was not unmindful of 
 the importance of the Chapel services; that it did 
 not look upon any scheme of education as complete 
 which neglected the great concern of religion. One 
 hundred Psalm Books were now ordered for the use 
 of the students when convened for the purpose of 
 Divine service, or prayers; and an order was issued to 
 have the pulpit furnished with suitable curtains and a 
 chair. The Legislature, at its session in December, 
 made an appropriation of $8,000 for the erection of 
 a house for the President, provision for a teacher of 
 French, conferred upon the Trustees the power of 
 appointing tutors at a salary of $600 per annum, 
 and made an appropriation of $1,200 for that purpose. 
 On the 25th of February, 1807, Edward Hooker was 
 elected tutor; and the Rev. Mr. Caldwell having 
 declined the appointment to the Professorship of 
 Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Professor Pe- 
 rault was elected to that chair on the 20th of April. 
 On the 23d of the month, Monsieur Herbemont was 
 elected French tutor. At the same meeting it was re- 
 solved that the motto to the seal of the South Carolina 
 College be, "Collegii Sigillum Carolinse Australis," 
 and the Governor, and Judges Bay and Trezevant, 
 were appointed a committee to procure said seal. 
 
 The meeting of the Board on the 28th November, 
 1807, is worthy of notice, as arrangements were then 
 made for the first Commencement. This imposing 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 41 
 
 ceremony had not. yet taken place, though the Degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts had been voted to Anderson Cren- 
 shaw on the 1st December 1806, who is therefore 
 entitled to the distinction of being the first graduate. 
 Though Crenshaw completed his Collegiate course at 
 this time, he deferred the formality of taking his 
 degree, and received it with the class of 1807. Upon 
 the recommendation of the Faculty, it was resolved 
 at this meeting that the Degree of A. B. be conferred 
 on Walter Crenshaw, John C aid well, George W. Glenn 
 and John W. Harper, and the President of the College 
 was authorized to confer the degree upon the several 
 persons in the presence of the Trustees at the public Com- 
 mencement. At the same time the particular form and 
 style of the diploma was adopted, which is as follows : 
 
 "Omnibus has literas perlecturis salutem in Domino 
 sempiternam. Yobis notum sit, Quod Curatores Col- 
 legii Carolinae Australis, in soleiinibus suis academicis 
 A. B. gradus primi candidate et examine prsevio 
 approbate, titulum, gradumque Artium liberalium 
 Baccalaurei decreverunt ; eique omnia jura, privilegia 
 et honores iis ad hunc gradum ubique gentium evectis 
 pertinentia, fruenda dederunt. In cujus rei testimo- 
 nium, nos hisce literis Collegii sigillo munitis, nomina 
 
 subscripsimus. Datum ex aedibus academicis, die 
 
 annoque Domini 
 
 Curatores. 
 
 Prceses. 
 
 Professores" 
 
 It was also resolved that the form be engraved, and 
 that five hundred copies be struck off on parchment ; 
 
42 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 and Judges Grimke and Bay, and Mr. Deas, were 
 appointed a committee to carry the resolutions into 
 execution. 
 
 The President of the College was requested to prepare 
 a form of Diploma for the higher Degrees. The 
 Legislature was invited to attend the Commencement 
 on the 1st Monday of December. I have now reached 
 a most important period in the history of the College ; 
 the period of its first Commencement. But let us go 
 within the walls. Let us see what the Faculty and 
 Students have been doing in the intervening period. 
 The number had increased, and was rapidly increas- 
 ing, and with it began the usual irregularities. It 
 was the process of development. And was there ever 
 a College without them ! I have to notice during this 
 period one instance of indecorous conduct during the 
 devotional exercises of the Chapel, an affair of honor, 
 and certain "enormities said to have been committed 
 by several of the collegians, in conjunction with others, 
 in various parts of the town." The course of instruc- 
 tion proceeded regularly, the examinations of the 
 classes were had as usual, and in May, 1807, a public 
 Exhibition took place. As this ancient form has been 
 superseded, and nothing like it is found at present 
 amongst us, it may be of some interest to give it. A 
 certain number of the Sophomore and Junior Classes 
 had exercises assigned them. From the former were 
 selected " declaimers, with the liberty of exhibiting a 
 dialogue, if any of them were so disposed," and from the 
 latter were appointed " disputants" and " orators." But 
 what is it that detains the whole College after evening 
 prayers on June 1st ? The gifted Maxcy is making a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 43 
 
 stirring appeal to the students ; his voice comes to the 
 ear like the sound of distant melody ; its sweet tones, 
 becoming louder and yet louder still, but speak the 
 earnestness of his spirit and the deep interest of the 
 occasion. Ah, what is all this ? What dire calamity 
 is about to overwhelm the infant institution, and to 
 engulph the cherished hopes of its friends ? Let us 
 draw nearer. The College is still safe ; no great out- 
 rage is the theme of his discourse ; no spirit of 
 insubordination has been exhibited ; the Faculty have 
 only required him to address the students upon the 
 subject of their inattention to neatness in dress, and 
 their indecorum at meal times. If it be true that new 
 offences have come with the progress of the age, it is 
 alike true that some of the old forms have disap- 
 peared, and that for the last thirty years the College 
 has not been arraigned for its ungenteel dress. But I 
 turn again to the great event of the year, and to one 
 of the greatest events in the history of the College ; 
 I mean the first Commencement. From its prominence 
 it is entitled to special notice. 
 
 1. The Valedictory Oration was assigned to Walter 
 Crenshaw. 
 
 2. The Salutatory Oration to Caldwell. 
 
 3. The two Intermediate Orations to Glenn and 
 J. W. Harper. 
 
 Besides these exercises, a French Declamation was 
 assigned to Glenn, and a Disputation to Harper, Cald- 
 well and Crenshaw. Permission was likewise given 
 to all of them to exhibit a dialogue. But the glory of 
 the occasion was to be augmented by the Junior 
 Class taking part in it, and the number being too 
 
44 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 large for all to participate, the following singular mode 
 for obtaining the number fixed upon (12) was adopted 
 by the Faculty : " Each Junior shall, before eight 
 o'clock this evening, give to one of the officers a nomi- 
 nation of twelve of the most respectable scholars in 
 his class, with his own name endorsed on the list. 
 After counting the votes and determining the twelve 
 highest, the faculty will assign to these the several 
 parts, reserving to themselves the right of adding 
 two or three others to the twelve if they think it 
 necessary." The votes being counted and twelve 
 declared elected, to some were assigned " Orations," to 
 some a " Dispute," and to others " A Conference 
 on the comparative advantages of Moral Philosophy, 
 Logic and Criticism." Thus were the arrangements 
 for the first Commencement completed. It is wor- 
 thy of remark that the Trustees, at the last meet- 
 ing before the day appointed, used pretty freely the 
 authority given them to confer degrees ; and the 
 programme embraced not only A. B.'s, but LL. D.'s 
 and D. D.'s ; the degree of LL. D. being granted to 
 John Drayton, and that of D. D. to William Percy, 
 Richard Furmaii, Joseph Alexander and Moses 
 Waddle. But I have reached that great day, the &M 
 Monday of December 1807. And what a day of 
 rejoicing ! The College has triumphed ! The Gov-^ 
 ernor, the Judges, the Members of the Legislature, 
 the young and the old, all ranks and conditions, have 
 assembled to celebrate the victory. There is the 
 sound of music. The vast crowd move towards the Col- 
 lege, and the drum and the horn, with the shouts of the 
 multitude, send forth one mighty paean of gratulation. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 45 
 
 See the face of Maxcy as he sits upon the stage, radi- 
 ant with genius and with joy ; look at the good and 
 patriotic men who have toiled for years ^without 
 reward, and whose hopes have this day received full 
 fruition. And the young men, too, who are to take 
 part in this imposing ceremony, who have the high 
 honor of being the first alumni of a College whose 
 future is to be so bright and glorious ; what shall I 
 say of them ? And the twelve Juniors who have 
 been permitted to appear on the occasion, who will 
 tell the emotions by which their youthful bosoms are 
 agitated? In that group were Glenn and Evans, 
 the only two survivors, and at this day the scene 
 opens before them with all the freshness of a present- 
 reality. 
 
 It is well to remark that, at this period, it was the 
 custom to announce publicly the names of a " few " 
 of the most distinguished of each class. Why this 
 good custom was abandoned a custom which has 
 every thing to recommend it I cannot tell. In a 
 modified form it has been revived in modern times. 
 
 The first meeting of the Board of Trustees, after the 
 College Commencement, was in April, 1808. At that 
 meeting, and others which were holden in the course 
 of the year, the money granted by the Legislature was 
 ordered to be appropriated for the completion of the 
 College Buildings, measures were taken to build a wall 
 around the College, and the laws were amended in 
 various particulars. On the 22d November, leave was 
 granted to Mr. Hooker to resign his office. I can say 
 but little of him, as my information is limited. He 
 was a native of Connecticut, and a brother of John 
 8 
 
46 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE, 
 
 Hooker, an eminent lawyer, who lived and died in 
 Columbia. Whilst Edward Hooker was residing in 
 Columbia, he was elected a Tutor in Yale College, 
 accepted the appointment, and returned to his native 
 State. That he was an useful officer in our College 
 there can be no doubt. This is the testimony of 
 his' pupils, and upon his dissolving his connection, 
 the Board of Trustees expressed its high respect for 
 his talents and abilities, and returned thanks for his 
 attention to the duties of his office. Mr. Herbemont 
 resigned his office of Teacher of the French Language, 
 on the 2d of December, 1808. James K. Gregg was 
 elected Tutor, 7th December, in place of Mr. Hooker. 
 On looking at the proceedings of the Faculty for the 
 year 1808, the proofs of industry and energy are 
 abundant. The success of the past^ years, and the 
 eclat of the Commencement, had served to attract 
 public attention in still larger measure to it, and 
 students poured into it from all quarters. But viola- 
 tions of law multiplied, and the discipline of the 
 College had to be enforced with rigor. Students 
 were "degraded" from their classes, and the degrada- 
 tion announced by the President after evening prayers ; 
 inquisitions were held in relation to outrages com- 
 mitted at the Steward's Hall, and other places, on 
 Saturday and Sunday nights ; attention was directed 
 to irregularities by a number of students, originated 
 by drinking at taverns ; students were arraigned for 
 assaults on the windows of the steward's house, for 
 destruction of some of the furniture about the College 
 wall, for treating an officer of the College with open 
 and designed disrespect, for an affair of honor on Sab- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 47 
 
 bath morning, in which shots were exchanged, and for 
 various minor offences. This was a period of severe 
 trial, but the faculty met it like men. The 'great man 
 at the head quailed not, and the storm passed over 
 without doing material injury. I would say nothing 
 which could cast discredit upon the College in the 
 early periods of its existence ; but the youth of that 
 day were not sinless. 
 
 The disorders did not begin in recent times. A half 
 dozen young men are competent to commit all the 
 offences enumerated above, and as many more. My 
 experience in College life teaches me that the really 
 bad youths constitute a very small number. There is 
 enough in the retrospect of the period to which I am 
 now referring, to make the friends of the College 
 rejoice. As I have already said, the administration 
 was distinguished for its vigor ; and I have now^ to 
 add, that never, perhaps, at any other time, has its 
 roll of sudents exhibited more talent and character. 
 In that number are to be found a Murphy, a Gregg, 
 a Harper, an Evans, a Grayson, a Petigru, a Butler, 
 a Bowie, a Campbell, and others. At the Commence- 
 ment the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred 
 on thirty young gentlemen ; Master of Arts on 
 Messrs. Hooker and Park ; Doctor of Divinity on Kev. 
 Daniel McCalla; and Doctor of Laws on Benjamin 
 Allen, of New York. The year 1809 gives no events 
 of special interest in the proceedings of the Faculty. 
 There were few violations of law, and they were not 
 of a character to deserve special notice. At a meeting 
 of the Board of Trustees, April 25th, 1809, Rev. Mr. 
 Brown was elected Professor of Logic and Moral 
 
48 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Philosophy. It is worthy of note that the Board 
 kept in view the religious interests of the College, and 
 that at this meeting fifty dollars were appropriated for 
 the purchase of Psalm Books for the use of the Chapel. 
 The Professors had not proper accommodations within 
 the walls, and the Board determined to memorialize 
 the Legislature, requesting that a certain sum of 
 money be appropriated for the purpose of erecting a 
 building for their use. 
 
 It has already been stated that at the meeting of 
 the Trustees, November 28th, 1807, a form of Diploma 
 was adopted, and the President of the College requested 
 to prepare a form for the higher degrees. From some 
 unknown cause no diploma had yet been given to a 
 graduate, and the President had not yet reported a 
 form for the higher degrees. April 25th, 1809, it was 
 resolved by the Board that the Chairman of the 
 Standing Committee be authorized to pay Judge 
 Grimke two hundred dollars for the purpose of 
 purchasing diplomas, a screw-press and seal, and 
 parchment for honorary diplomas. 
 
 In the Journal of the Executive Department is an 
 interesting letter from Governor Drayton to Dr. 
 Maxcy, and as it sheds some light upon the history of 
 the College at this period, I take the liberty of making 
 some extracts from it. It is. dated Charleston, June 
 8th, 1809. An article in reference to the College had 
 appeared in the " Times" newspaper of the day before, 
 and the Governor desires to consult President Maxcy 
 as to the means most proper for promoting its further 
 interest. He thinks with the writer, that the citizens 
 of the low country are too much in the habit of send- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 49 
 
 ing their sons elsewhere for education. " I know," says 
 he, " that some have serious objections to sending their 
 sons to Columbia, on account of the general practice 
 among the students of smoking and chewing tobacco ; 
 a custom now exploded with us in genteel company, 
 except where there may be one or two old confirmed 
 smokers. They fear, also, that this smoking and chew- 
 ing will lead to other vices. While objections thus 
 remain, unless inducements or particular encourage- 
 ments be offered, our citizens of the lower country 
 will not be forward in sending their sons to the South 
 Carolina College." He makes certain suggestions, to 
 which I do not think it necessary to refer. We learn 
 from this letter that, as yet, no diplomas had been 
 given. " Further delay, he conceives, would be dis- 
 graceful to the College. So much for the regular 
 diplomas ; now for the honorary ones. I think you 
 mentioned to me they might be written on parchment 
 in an handsome writing, to be adapted to each person 
 on whom the degree is conferred. This no doubt will 
 be the best mode. But, if difficulties are to arise in 
 executing this, whether for want of appropriations for 
 purchasing the parchment, or for the parchment itself, 
 I think it would be better, and in the end answer 
 perhaps as well, to have a certain honorary form printed 
 on royal paper, with a large blank for inserting any- 
 thing particularly connected with the character hon- 
 ored." He urges the matter with great earnestness, 
 and declares that he will be deeply mortified if the 
 whole of the diplomas already conferred are not ready 
 for delivery at the next Commencement in December, 
 as well as those then to be delivered. He is informed 
 
50 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 that the students who have graduated have, as yet, 
 no evidence of the same. I cannot permit the occa- 
 sion to pass without bearing my unqualified testimony 
 to the untiring zeal of Governor Drayton in the cause 
 of general education, and the very special interest 
 which he ever exhibited for the College. To none of 
 our Governors is the Institution more indebted, and 
 in none of the acts of his useful public life were his 
 patriotism and enlightened forecast so conspicuously 
 manifested. 
 
 At the meeting of December 13th, it was resolved 
 that the President of the College do report to the 
 Board of Trustees the course of studies which have 
 been pursued by the respective classes, and under 
 which officer of the College each class has studied, and 
 in what manner the officers have discharged their 
 duties. The honorary degrees of the College had been 
 freely conferred, and it was very *properly determined 
 that, in future, no degree should -be 'conferred until 
 after twelve months' notice. The Legislature, at its 
 December session, made an appropriation of $8,000 
 for building a house or houses for the accommodation 
 of the Professors. 
 
 At this meeting Dr. Maxcy reported the following form 
 of diploma for the higher degrees, which was adopted : 
 
 Cum gradus academic! eum in fmein, primo a majori- 
 bus instituti fuerunt, ut qui, de Ecclesia, de Republica, 
 et de Re Literaria, bene meruissent, ii honoribus affi- 
 cerentur; proemiisque, virtute, ingenio ac literarum 
 cognitione dignis remunerarentur ; 
 
 Omnibus Noturn sit, quod, Collegii Australis Caro- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 51 
 
 linse Curatores pubiicis in comitiis suis academicis, 
 viro gradum decreverunt ; 
 
 eique omnia jura, privilegia, et honores iis ad hunc 
 gradum, ubique gentium eveetis, fruenda dederunt. 
 Cujus rei, quo major esset fides, nos hisce literis, 
 Collegii sigillo munitis, iiomina subscripsimus. 
 
 Datum ex Aedibus academicis Die Decem- 
 
 bris aniioque Domini 
 
 I have now reached the year 1810, and the College 
 is in the full tide of successful experiment. The 
 reader will indulge me for a moment, and then I will 
 resume the subject of its progress. It would be an 
 act of injustice and ingratitude if I should pass unno- 
 ticed, the labors of certain individuals who have been 
 prominent in the work of organization, and who are 
 therefore fairly entitled to the thanks of the country. I 
 have already spoken generally of the zeal and activity 
 which characterized the Board of Trustees ; but I must 
 here record that to patriots of the Revolution, to men 
 who resisted British oppression, and bequeathed to us 
 the heritage of freedom, are we indebted for this second, 
 and, perhaps, more glorious birthright. . They saw 
 plainly, that to preserve our rights we must understand 
 them; that ignorance was incompatible with liberty; and 
 that the only security for its perpetuation was to be found 
 in the education of the people. Let me here record 
 the names of Drayton, of DeSaussure, of Rutledge, of 
 Pinckney, of Johnson, of Trezevant, of Grimke, of 
 Bay, of Stark, and last, though not least, of Taylor 
 and Hampton. Of the last two gentlemen I must add, 
 that up to the period which my narrative embraces, 
 
52 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 they were ever present at the meetings of the Board; 
 and being always the leading members of the Standing 
 Committee, the greatest amount of labor was devolved 
 upon them. They now retired from all participation 
 in the affairs of the College, but others of their family 
 succeeded to their places, and the names of Taylor 
 and Hampton, from 1801 to the present period, have 
 been linked with its fortunes and destiny. 
 
 Up to the present time the reports of the President 
 of the College had not been spread upon the record, 
 and in consequence much valuable material has been 
 lost. The Board of Trustees, at the April meeting in 
 1810, very properly resolved, that in future the Secre- 
 tary of the Board shall enter on its journals all letters 
 of information received from the President or Pro- 
 fessors of the College, or letters upon subjects required 
 to be communicated by them. At the meeting of 
 November 30th, a committee was appointed to petition 
 the Legislature for the appropriation of $1,600 annu- 
 ally for the establishment of a Professorship of Chem- 
 istry. The year was one of disorder in the College. 
 A long catalogue of offences is exhibited on the record 
 of the Faculty ; and I have here to mark the intro- 
 duction of a particular offence which at once rose to 
 unwonted popularity, and which continued to be the 
 favorite until within the last few years ; I mean 
 turkey-stealing. On the 20th February, 1810, the first 
 offenders in this way were arraigned before the Faculty, 
 and suspended for seven months. The violations of 
 law were probably confined to few, as the minutes of 
 the Faculty bear testimony to the proficiency of the 
 classes. The administration was one of great vigor. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 53 
 
 The Faculty were vigilant, and the laws were enforced 
 with remarkable fidelity. But the state of the College 
 can be best understood by referring to the report of 
 President Maxcy, bearing date November 29th, 1810, 
 being the first report placed upon the record. This 
 report has great interest, as it gives the precise course 
 of studies pursued by the several classes for six 
 months, informs us of the state of the College, and 
 contains many suggestions. It embraces the period 
 extending from April to the date of the report. With- 
 in this time the Senior class completed Stewart's 
 Elements, continued the study of Ancient History from 
 the foundation of Rome to the end of the third Punic 
 war, reviewed a part of Moral Philosophy and the Ele- 
 ments of Criticism, under the President of the College. 
 Under Professor Perault, they studied Conic. Sec- 
 tions, Trigonometry and Logarithms, Mechanics, As- 
 tronomy, Optics, Pneumatics, Hydraulics, and attended 
 lectures on Chemistry. Under Professor Brown they 
 reviewed Moral Philosophy. The Juniors studied 
 under Professor Brown, Logic and the first three 
 books of Moral Philosophy ; under Professor Perault 
 the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th and llth bookjs of Euclid's 
 Elements, the doctrine of Ratios, Mensuration, Trigo- 
 nometry, Conic Sections and Algebra. The Sopho- 
 more Class studied under Professor Park, Homer, 
 Horace, Geography and Sheridan's Lectures ; the 
 Freshman the first book of Xenophon's Cyropedia. 
 The Sophomore studied under Tutor Gregg, Vulgar 
 and Decimal Fractions, the Extraction of Roots and 
 Algebra, as far as Quadratic Equations. The Freshman 
 Class also studied under the same gentleman Cicero's 
 
54 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Orations, and the whole of Arithmetic and English 
 Grammar. Cicero de Oratore would have been read 
 by the Junior Class, but it could not be obtained. 
 The President remarks that with the present in- 
 creased numbers in the College, the field in which the 
 Mathematical Professor has been employed is too wide, 
 and that Mr. Gregg has undertaken part of the Mathe- 
 matics, so that the classes might be sufficiently advanced 
 by the Spring of the Senior year to begin the study of 
 Chemistry. He assures the Board of the fidelity of the 
 Professors and Tutor, and of the great order, obedience 
 and diligence of the students. He suggests that an 
 eloquent and learned Professor of Chemistry would be 
 a most valuable acquisition to the College, and adds, 
 that a Professor of Law, who would deliver a 
 course of lectures to the two upper classes, would add 
 much to the value and reputation of the College. He 
 informs the Board that additional Tutors will be 
 needed the ensuing year, as the number of! students is 
 now upwards of one hundred, and there are more 
 than forty applications for admission. He suggests, 
 too, that there ought to be a Tutor constantly re- 
 siding in eajh wing of the building. He alludes to 
 the disorders of the past year, and the severity of the 
 punishment which the Faculty, in some instances, 
 was compelled to inflict. The publication of an Annual 
 Catalogue is suggested, and the opinion expressed that 
 it would be of singular service to the College if a 
 small sum of money could be annually appropriated 
 for procuring new and important publications, critical 
 reviews, and the literary journals of various learned 
 Societies in Europe. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 The report of the President of April 23d, 1811, 
 represents the conduct of the students, with few 
 exceptions, as remarkably regular during the session, 
 and the degree of application to their studies as 
 unprecedented. The most striking event of the year 
 is the removal of Prosessor Perault for neglect of Col- 
 lege duties. The accuser was Dr. Maxcy himself, and 
 to the Professor was accorded the privilege of appear- 
 ing before the Board. The resolution of removal 
 passed on the 25th of April. I can procure but little 
 information of Professor Perault. He was a French- 
 man, and of his early history I know nothing. He is 
 represented to me as wanting in " that dignity which 
 a Freshman would expect in a learned Professor ;" and 
 as being " well skilled in Mathematical science." 
 After his separation from the College, he was at- 
 tached to the army as a topographical engineer ; an 
 appointment, it is believed, obtained through the kind 
 offices of General Hampton, then a Major-General in 
 the army. 
 
 Leave was granted to Professor Brown on the 1st of 
 May to resign his office. John Brown was born in 
 Ireland, Antrim county, June 15, 1763. He emigrated 
 with his father to America, and settled in Chester 
 District, South Carolina. His educational advantages 
 were very limited, having gone to school only eighteen 
 
56 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 months. For the last half of the period he was a 
 schoolmate of General Jackson. At the age of 
 teen, he voluntarily exchanged the academy for the 
 camp, and under General Suniter, fought gallantly for 
 the liberties of his adopted country. Upon the close of 
 the war he set himself diligently to the task of im- 
 proving his mind. But a more important service was 
 before him. He was to preach the gospel of our Saviour, 
 and to call upon a sinful world to repent and embrace 
 the offer of salvation. He studied Theology under the 
 Rev. Dr. McCorcle near Salisbury. North Carolina, 
 and was licensed to -preach, in the year 1788, by the 
 Presbvterv of Concord, with which his teacher was 
 
 
 
 connected. He combined the professions of teaching 
 and preaching lor 9 few years, and was then called to 
 the pastorship of the Waxhaw Church, which he 
 held lor ten years. Resigning his pastorship, he again 
 took up the business of teaching : and notwithstanding 
 the disadvantages of his early training, achieved con- 
 siderable literary reputation. April 25. 1809. he was 
 elected Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy in 
 the South Carolina College. May 1. 1811. he re- 
 signed his Professorship. In the course of that year 
 he was elected President of the University of Georgia. 
 After leaving the Presidency of that Institution, he 
 removed to Hancock County, Georgia, where he 
 remained in charge of a church for twelve years. 
 His last home was at Fort Gaines, where he died 
 December 11, 1842, in the eightieth year of his age. 
 
 It is thought proper to record a few additional facts 
 in the religious life of Ihr. Brown. He was the founder 
 of the Presbvterian Church in Columbia. It 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 0< 
 
 formed in the College Chapel, and services were held 
 there until a house of worship was obtained. He was 
 an eminently good man. and animated by a truly 
 apostolic spirit. No higher praise can be bestowed 
 upon him than that which is found in the language of 
 the Rev. Dr. Talmage, who knew him well: "He 
 was entitled to the appellation we used when speak- 
 ing of him our Apostle John." He was distin- 
 guished for his humility, his amiability, his gene- 
 rosity, and the readiness with which he bestowed his 
 confidence upon men. 
 
 Though his understanding was vigorous, and his 
 acquirements extraordinary for that day, and his 
 command of language, according to Dr. Talmage, not 
 surpassed by any one whom he ever knew, yet I am 
 inclined to think, from the testimony of distinguished 
 graduates who received his instructions, that as a 
 Professor he was defective in a most important par- 
 ticular. One of the most gifted and honored of the 
 alumni of the College writes to me. that i% his teachings 
 in Moral Philosophy were too much from the lxx)k to 
 excite interest, and that he failed to arouse attention on 
 the part of his pupils. He was a man of great firm- 
 
 -. probity, and excellence of character." I would 
 not. however, say any thing which could impair in 
 the least the just reputation of Dr. Brown. There is 
 enough in his life, and enough in his character, as 
 briefly and imperfectly 'portrayed in this memoir. TO 
 shed a rich lustre upon the College. He furnishes a 
 bright leaf in its history; and while remembered for 
 his exalted Christian character, it will ever be his 
 peculiar glory that he gave the first impulse to a most 
 
08 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 important department. I have already stated in 
 another place, that the College was founded by our 
 Revolutionary fathers, and I cannot help feeling that 
 there is much to excite a commendable pride in the 
 bosoms of its friends, in the fact, that a gallant sol- 
 dier, the companion and school-mate of Jackson, has a 
 place in the roll of her Faculty. 
 
 At this meeting, May 1st, Charles Dewar Simons 
 was elected Professor of Chemistry and Natural Phi- 
 losophy. An appropriation of money was also made, to 
 be expended b}~ the Standing Committee for the 
 purchase of such materials and articles as the Profes- 
 sor may declare necessary for the performance of 
 experiments in his department. Upon the retirement 
 of Professor Perault, it became necessary to adopt 
 some measures for carrying on the Mathematical 
 instruction; and the duties of the department were 
 devolved temporarily upon Tutor Gregg, and Mr. 
 Philips was elected Tutor ad interim. The two 
 chairs of Moral Philosophy and Mathematics were now 
 vacant, and one of the tutorships had been filled 
 temporarily. Upon the Trustees devolved the duty 
 of making several important elections. The 'College 
 had achieved good success ; it was an object of attrac- 
 tion, and men of ability and learning were now 
 anxious to take places in it. At the meeting of 
 November 27th, the testimonials of various candidates 
 were presented. The names of ten candidates for the 
 Mathematical Chair are on the record. At this meet- 
 ing the Rev. Doctor Montgomery was elected Professor 
 of Moral Philosophy and Logic, and on the succeeding 
 day Mr. George Blackburn was elected Professor of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 59 
 
 Mathematics and Astronomy. The tutorship of the 
 French language having been restored, Mr. Herbemont 
 was re-elected to that office. Full provision had not 
 yet been made for the accommodation of the officers of 
 the Faculty, and it was now wisely determined to 
 make application to the Legislature for an appropria- 
 tion of $8,000, to be expended in the erection of two 
 houses for their use. The election of a Chemical 
 Professor created a necessity for some changes in the 
 curriculum of studies, with the view of securing more 
 time for the sciences. These changes were suggested 
 by the President. A communication on the subject 
 from Professor Simons formed the basis of a very full 
 and elaborate report from a special committee. The 
 aid of the Legislature was invoked, and an appropria- 
 tion of nearly $5,000 asked, for the purpose of making 
 an addition to the Philosophical and Chemical appa- 
 ratus, and for preparing a suitable room for the 
 performance of chemical experiments. In a previous 
 report of Dr. Maxcy, it is stated that the Senior Class 
 attended lectures on Chemistry by Professor Perault. 
 Of the precise character of these lectures, and the 
 amount of instruction which they conveyed, I am 
 ignorant; but if taught at all, it was as a mere appen- 
 dage, and a very humble one too, to the department of 
 Mathematics, and the era of its introduction into the 
 College course may in all justice be fixed as contem- 
 poraneous with the election of Professor Simons. The 
 committee regret the necessity of another appeal to 
 the Legislature after the very liberal support which 
 had been so honorably extended; but they add, with 
 becoming eloquence, that " they presume that honorable 
 
60 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE.. 
 
 body will not permit a plant, reared by their own 
 hands, and nourished by their own bounty, to languish 
 and fade at the moment of greatest prosperity." Pro- 
 fessor Simons' last labors were performed in December. 
 The close of the year found the College in good con- 
 dition. The President, in his report at this period, 
 assures the Board of its favorable and prosperous 
 state; observes that it has one hundred and twenty 
 students, and that their attention to their studies, and 
 general proficiency in learning, are worthy of high 
 approbation. 
 
 Charles Dewar Simons, a son of Col. James Simons? 
 a distinguished patriot and officer of the Revolution, 
 was born in Charleston. I believe he received his 
 Collegiate education at some of the northern institu- 
 tions. Upon the establishment of the Chair of Chem- 
 istry in the South Carolina College, he was unani- 
 mously called to it by the Board of Trustees. This 
 election took place May 1st, 1811, and the Standing 
 Committee were instructed to request him to enter 
 upon the duties of his department as soon as possible. 
 I think he took charge of his IJrofessorship immedi- 
 ately, but I know not the precise period. Dr. Maxcy, 
 in his report to the Board of November, 27th, 1811, 
 states, that "under Professor Simons the Seniors have 
 studied Chemistry, and attended his lectures; and that 
 the Juniors have made some progress in Natural Phi- 
 losophy." He seems to have entered upon his labors 
 with great enthusiasm. In the course of December, 
 or January succeeding, he visited Charleston on some 
 business probably connected with his department. 
 But he was destined never to return, and to be arrested 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 61 
 
 in his bright career by one of those appalling Provi- 
 dences which shock a whole community. In the pre- 
 sent instance it produced the profoundest sympathy. 
 He was a Professor but a short time ; yet he was in 
 the College long enough to make the best impression. 
 A distinguished gentleman, who was a student at that 
 period, assures me that he was a remarkable man, and 
 with the view of bringing me to a just appreciation of 
 him, added, that in the character of his genius, he was 
 precisely such a person as the late Professor Ellet a 
 compliment, I conceive, of highest worth. 
 
 The following account of his death is taken from 
 the "South Carolina State Gazette," Columbia, Tues- 
 day, January 28th, 1812 : "One of the most painful 
 duties which devolves upon us as recorders of passing 
 events, is the annunciation of casualties which deprive 
 us of a valuable citizen. We feel this distress most 
 sensibly, and in a way which language cannot express, 
 in relating the death of Charles D. Simons, Esquire, 
 Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the 
 South Carolina College. This event took place on 
 Tuesday, 21st instant, in consequence of being exposed 
 to excessive cold and wet. The following narrative, 
 we believe, conveys a correct statement of the circum- 
 stances which accompanied this melancholy event : 
 
 He was returning from Charleston, and had reached 
 the swamp below Granby, called Hawcabook, the 
 causeway of which was covered with water in conse- 
 quence of a high fresh in the river, and which he de- 
 termined to pass. He proceeded about a hundred and 
 fifty or two hundred yards along the causeway, when 
 it is supposed his horse either got into the ditch or 
 4 
 
62 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 stumbled, so as to unhorse him. The horse soon got 
 out, and Mr. Simons reached a tree, where he remained 
 and called for assistance. His servant, who had stopped 
 at a house to warm himself a short distance from the 
 fatal spot, came up soon after, and understanding the 
 distressed situation of his master, immediately rode in 
 to his assistance, but meeting with considerable diffi- 
 culty in reaching him on horseback, and thinking to 
 render him more effectual aid on foot, came to land, 
 released his horse, and with a perseverance worthy of 
 a better fate, returned to the spot where he had seen 
 his master. After considerable exertion, he got so near 
 that Mr. Simons left the tree 011 which he had remained 
 until then, and swam to the place where the negro 
 was. Here it is supposed that the cold, which was 
 excessive, benumbed him in such a manner, that he 
 could make no other exertion to save himself. The 
 person from whom the above circumstances were 
 learned, finding they made no further attempts to 
 reach the land, left them for the purpose of procuring 
 other assistance, which, alas ! came too late. His body, 
 as well as his servant's, was found on Friday morning, 
 and has reduced to a certainty the knowledge of the 
 loss which his friends, the world, and the College have 
 sustained. His short residence among us had endeared 
 him to all, as it served to display the meekness of his 
 disposition, and the strength of his understanding. He 
 had entered on the duties of his Professorship with a 
 zeal, not to say enthusiasm, which promised fair to 
 raise him to the first eminence among chemists, and 
 his manners were such as to enforce on the minds of 
 his hearers the truths which he taught, and would 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 63 
 
 certainly have entitled him to the foremost rank among 
 teachers. The youth of the College, by their conduct, 
 have shown the greatest concern for his death, and 
 have adopted mourning as a proof of their regrets for 
 the loss of a preceptor so beloved. On Sunday, the 
 Reverend Dr. Maxcy delivered an elegant and appro- 
 priate funeral discourse to a crowded audience in the 
 College Chapel. Our feelings will not allow us longer 
 to indulge in encomiums on the merits of him thus 
 early consigned to silence." 
 
 Mr. Gregg resigned his tutorship in the College at 
 the clovse of the ye ir 1811. The following brief bio- 
 graphical sketch is submitted : 
 
 James Gregg was born on the 4th of July, 1787, in 
 that part of Marion District which lies on the west 
 side of Pee Dee River. His ancestors were of the 
 best stock of the Revolution. He was one of the 
 younger sons of James Gregg, who held the commis- 
 sion of Captain in the Militia, and served under 
 General Marion in the Revolutionary war. It is not 
 necessary for me to say to the reader of American 
 history, that no more honorable service could have 
 been performed. It is certainly true that none of the 
 great patriotic band encountered more perils, and 
 braved more hardships, than the brigade of that dis- 
 tinguished partizan officer ; and none are more entitled 
 to the gratitude of the country. Marion has been 
 surnamed the Swamp Fox. This term has a literal 
 significance. When the country was pretty well 
 overrun by the British, when hope was almost extin- 
 guished, and many of the patriots had sought the 
 protection of the enemy, this great man, driven from 
 
64 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 his home, sought an asylum in the swamps, and there 
 with his devoted followers maintained the spirit of 
 resistance. Captain Gregg shared this glory with him, 
 and being particularly obnoxious to the Tories, was 
 obliged for some time to sleep in a hollow log in Poke 
 Swamp, to avoid their pursuit. His house was burnt 
 at night, and his wife and children turned out of doors. 
 James Gregg, the younger, lost both parents while 
 still a boy, and was the youngest but one, of eight 
 children who were left. He expended his small patri- 
 mony in acquiring a liberal education. One of the 
 schools to which he went, and probably the last, 
 preparatory to his admission to the South Carolina 
 College, was kept by Dr. Thomas Park, afterwards 
 Professor of Ancient Languages in that Institution. 
 He entered the Sophomore Class October 6th, 1806. 
 Mr. Gregg graduated in 1808 with the highest honors 
 of his class, and on the 7th of December was elected 
 Tutor in place of Mr. Hooker, resigned. During this 
 month he was appointed Secretary of the Faculty, 
 and held the office until December, 1812. He was 
 the Tutor in Mathematics, and it has already been 
 stated in another place, that upon the retirement of 
 Professor Perault, the entire duties of the depart- 
 ment were devolved upon him. That he discharged 
 them most ably and efficiently, there can be no doubt; 
 and I beg leave to introduce the explicit testimony of 
 Dr. Maxcy, in his report to the Board of Trustees, of 
 November 27th, 1811. He says, that since the last 
 meeting of the Board, Mr. Gregg has instructed in the 
 Mathematics, and that the success of his labors has 
 been great; and he hesitates not to say that they 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 65 
 
 would do honor to any Professor, and to any College. 
 I am persuaded, says he, that the promptness and 
 adequacy displayed on the occasion of the examination 
 would have given great satisfaction, and evinced that 
 the true interest of the College requires the continu- 
 ance of Mr. Gregg's services. He continued his 
 connection with the College for a year after this period. 
 I know not precisely when he left, but his last record 
 as Secretary of the Faculty bears date December 9th, 
 1812. There is no doubt that his qualifications for 
 the Professorship, which he filled temporarily, were 
 eminent, and that his services to the College were 
 very valuable. But he was destined to move, as we 
 shall see, in another and very different sphere ; and in 
 foregoing the rewards of science, to reap the not less 
 enduring trophies of the legal profession. During his 
 last year in the College, he studied law, it is believed, 
 under the guidance and instruction of Anderson 
 Crenshaw, Esquire, and was admitted to the bar in 
 May, 1813. He settled in Columbia, and it was not 
 long before he was engaged in considerable practice. 
 Such habits, such training, such solid understanding, 
 would soon have commanded success any where. He 
 was a perfect model as a man of business. First in 
 his office in the morning, he was the last to leave it at 
 night. He went to work with his whole soul to make 
 himself a lawyer. His reading, and his study in his 
 profession were immense. There was about him a 
 capacity for toil, a love for work, which I have never 
 known surpassed. He felt that his time belonged to 
 his clients, and he brought, therefore, to his causes a 
 closeness of attention, an earnestness of purpose, and 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 a measure of reflection, which never relaxed as long 
 as they were under litigation. He never worked at 
 random. His life was one of perfect system, of severe 
 method. He valued time, and was not content, as too 
 many are, with disposing of the present, but he appro- 
 priated it in advance. He rose to the highest rank 
 of his profession, and was known throughout the State 
 as one of her ablest and most profound lawyers. 
 
 For the last thirty years of his life, few had as large 
 and lucrative practice. He bore his part in the most im- 
 portant causes and it was his fortune to contend for vic- 
 tory with men of subtlest intellect and rarest learning ; 
 but never did he fail to acquit himself well. His 
 mind was eminently logical ; he looked to the argu- 
 ment, and nothing else. There were no flowers of 
 rhetoric strewn along his path ; had there been any, 
 he would not have stopped to have picked them up. 
 For the reveries of fancy, the outpourings of the imagi- 
 nation, he had no taste. He never said a pretty thing, 
 and never relished it when said by others. He 
 was without wit or humor, but could laugh as heartily 
 as others when they were produced by his friends. 
 He was a man of eloquence only in the sense that 
 earnestness, love of the right, is eloquence. He never 
 attempted to touch the heart to stir up the affections 
 to move the passions. To persuasion as distinct 
 from argument, he was an utter stranger. He was 
 afraid of the power of the rhetorician, and was rather 
 disposed to regard its exertion as designed to cover 
 falsehood, and defeat the truth. From what I have 
 said, the reader will perceive that he had great 
 strength of understanding ; that it was logical, direct, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 67 
 
 and united with great earnestness and honesty of 
 spirit. As might be supposed, his speeches at the bar 
 or elsewhere, always awakened interest. He was 
 master of his subject, for he never spoke without pre- 
 paration. He could thus enlighten and instruct 
 others. He was no believer in the intuitions of genius 
 the inspiration of the moment. He firmly thought 
 that knowledge came only with labor; and that the 
 highest intellectual gifts could make no proper amends 
 for idleness and inattention. There was nothing of 
 elegance, nothing of ornateness in his language ; 
 but his command of words was easy, and his per- 
 ceptions being clear, he never failed of making 
 himself understood. If it be true that his thoughts 
 never reached the highest grandeur, that they 
 never overwhelmed you by their very magnifi- 
 cence, it is alike true that they were never com- 
 monplace, and never offended by their littleness 
 and insignificance. There was the fact, then, of re- 
 markable freedom from contrasts. He never said a 
 foolish thing ; was always sensible, always exhibited a 
 ripe judgment, and fortified his propositions by the 
 best reasons which they would allow. In his speeches 
 and in his intercourse with men, he was entirely free 
 from affectation and mannerism. There was nothing 
 courtly, nothing artificial ; but there was a plain 
 bluntness, which sometimes gave offence to strangers, 
 though his friends knew well that it sprung from the 
 honesty -of his nature. Never have I known one of 
 higher virtue, of purer morality. His personal integ- 
 rity was without blemish. He so loved truth that he 
 almost worshipped it. His nature was always with- 
 
68 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROI INA COLLEGE. 
 
 out disguise, and all saw him as he was. Most truly 
 did he believe "that clear and sound dealing is the 
 honor of man's nature, and that mixture of falsehood 
 is like alloy in coin of gold and silver, which may make 
 the metal work the better, but it embaseth it." 
 
 It is not to be wondered at that such a man should 
 enjoy the confidence of the community where his lot 
 was cast. He long represented the people of Bichland 
 in the Legislature of the State, and then voluntarily 
 retired. While a member of that body, he had a 
 prominent position. Here he brought to bear all that 
 energy, industry, and attention to business for which 
 he was remarkable. 
 
 But I must close this imperfect sketch. His life 
 had been marked by such temperance and regularity, 
 and his constitution was so vigorous, that many years 
 of usefulness seemed yet before him. He suffered a 
 paralytic attack in January, 1852, from which he 
 never recovered. He lingered until the 24th October 
 of that year, and then expired, leaving to a wide 
 circle of acquaintance the bright example of the most 
 eminent virtues in life, and of a quiet, peaceful resig- 
 nation in death. 
 
 The year 1812 exhibits but few acts of discipline, the 
 general order of the College being good, and the exam- 
 ination of the classes at the two regular periods being 
 approved by the Faculty. The year is signalized, how- 
 ever* by the first arraignment for " exploding fire-arms 
 at night" in the campus; an offence which, under 
 the various forms which the advance of science and 
 human ingenuity have contrived, has existed to 
 some extent throughout all the vicissitudes of the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 69 
 
 College, and caused as much petty annoyance as any 
 other. 
 
 The vacant Professorship of Chemistry was filled by 
 the election of Doctor Edward Dar^elJ Smith on 
 the 26th of November, 1812. Up to this time, the 
 regular salary of the Professors of Moral Philosophy, 
 and the Languages, had been $1,000, while the Profes- 
 sors of the other departments received $1,600 per 
 annum. There was no justice in this, and the Board 
 had been compelled to appropriate from its contingent 
 fund, $600 to each of the first mentioned officers. It 
 was now determined to equalize the salaries, and the 
 Legislature was asked to make the necessary appro- 
 priation for that purpose. I have now reached the 
 year 1813, and I am sure that the reader will be 
 surprised at some of its developements. It was a year of 
 trouble, of trial, and of difficulty. The records of the 
 Faculty exhibit abundant proof of inattention to study, 
 of repeated acts of discipline for offences of almost 
 every possible description known in College life, and 
 of a spirit of lawlessness and disaffection more wide- 
 spread and threatening than was ever manifested in 
 the previous history of the Institution. And yet, in 
 its walls, at that very time, were young men trim- 
 ming their midnight lamps, whose souls were fired 
 with the loftiest ambition, and whose genius and learn- 
 ing were to shed the brightest lustre upon the Com- 
 monwealth. In that number were McDuffie and 
 Legare ; the man of eloquence, perhaps never sur- 
 passed in that mystic power by which soul is infused 
 into soul, and the multitude made captive ; and that 
 other man whose profound scholarship and varied 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 endowments have enhanced the glory of American 
 literature. 
 
 On the 22d of May the Trustees expressed to the 
 Faculty their unanimous opinion that the College 
 exercises ought to be suspended in consequence of the 
 alarming instances of sudden attacks of typhus fever 
 in the College, and of the opinion of physicians that 
 there is the strongest reason to believe the fever 
 will continue with increased malignity if the students 
 are not dismissed. Under these circumstances, the 
 exercises were at once suspended until October. The 
 long holiday seems, however, to have wrought 110 
 change of spirit, for the troubles were renewed as soon 
 as the College opened. Among other things which 
 distinguished the last quarter of the year, may be 
 mentioned the frequency of " fisticuff;" an amusement 
 certainly very unliterary in its character, but not 
 attended with any particular danger to life or limb. 
 At this period, for some reason which, does not appear, 
 the service of worship on the Sabbath was abolished, and 
 the students permitted to select the religious denomi- 
 nation with which they might choose to connect them- 
 selves ; and monitors were appointed for each Church, 
 with instructions to report the absentees to the Presi- 
 dent every Sunday evening. But I proceed to a 
 matter of a very delicate nature I mean the issue 
 between the President and the Board of Trustees. It 
 is not my purpose to take sides, to turn partizan. But 
 the truth of history demands that I call the attention of 
 my readers to the matter. I must state, then, that the 
 Board of Trustees censured Dr. Maxcy in no measured 
 terms for his administration. No man ever had 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 71 
 
 bestowed upon him a larger measure of confidence than 
 was enjoyed by this gentleman, from the first day of his 
 connection to the present time. It was really without 
 limit. Having had great experience as the head of 
 two Northern Colleges, and being called to aid in 
 organizing the South Carolina College under the Act 
 of Incorporation, it was very natural that the highest 
 value should attach to his suggestions, and that few r 
 should be disposed to question his calmly-expressed 
 and deliberate convictions. Every thing about it, 
 therefore, bore the impress of his hand. It has been 
 stated already, that there was at this period an increase 
 of disorder. What the cause was which provoked it, 
 I cannot tell. Of course the Trustees were mortified 
 and disappointed ; and, in a short time, still stronger 
 and very different feeling exhibited itself. It was very 
 natural to visit the state of things upon the President ; 
 upon the man who had had his own way, and who 
 had been clothed with a power amounting almost to des- 
 potism. That they were honest; that they labored for 
 the good of the College alone, and that no unworthy 
 motive could possibly determine their conduct, cannot 
 be questioned. It may be that there was some remiss- 
 ness, some neglect of duty, on the part of the Faculty. 
 It would be cruel to suppose otherwise, for that would 
 be to deny to the Trustees either the virtue of common 
 sense, or common honesty. At the same time it is 
 hard to believe, that the charges preferred against the 
 President are true to anything like the extent to 
 which the accusation goes ; for that would be to assert 
 that the past furnishes no security for the future, and 
 that a long life of probity and fidelity furnishes no 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 sufficient basis for confidence. I have come to iny 
 own conclusions in the matter. The discipline of 
 the College was, in some material aspects, defective. 
 The Faculty were always prompt to pass sentence 
 against offenders ; but, in too many instances, it was 
 but a mere farce. They turned too ready an ear to 
 the promises of the culprit, and the petitions of the 
 students. This policy may succeed for a brief period, 
 but all experience proves that, if continued, it is sure 
 to encourage the violation of law, and to engender a 
 spirit which strikes at the foundation of all authority. 
 In reading the records, one is struck by the very 
 anomalous fact, that the grossest offences were perpe- 
 trated with the greatest impunity. In these cases the 
 severest penalties were promptly proclaimed, and 
 these were the cases, of course, which secured media- 
 tion and interference. A suspension of a month or 
 two passed without notice ; but whenever an offence of 
 a grave character was committed, which subjected the 
 perpetrator to a suspension of eight or ten months, 
 or a year, the sympathies of the College were at once 
 aroused, and steps were taken either to bring about -a 
 mitigation of the punishment, or its removal. These 
 efforts generally succeeded. But it was not the 
 Faculty alone who erred in this particular ; the Board 
 of Trustees pursued .the same mistaken line of policy. 
 From the first years of the College, offences of an 
 aggravated character were committed, and students 
 reported for expulsion. This is the highest penalty of 
 of the law, and there is a pressing necessity that it 
 have a place in every code for the government of a 
 College. I am not aware that up to this period there 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 73 
 
 had been a case of expulsion ; there may have been one, 
 though the records of the Board of Trustees furnish 
 no conclusive evidence of it. The greatest offences 
 had been brought to the attention of the Board ; 
 students had been convicted of gross immoralities ; the 
 houses of officers of the College had been assailed ; 
 Professors had been pronounced " liars" to their faces ; 
 the entire Faculty, when assembled, had been insulted 
 and abused; for these, and other offences of like charac- 
 ter, students had been suspended and reported for 
 expulsion ; and the Board, after due consultation, 
 ordered their restoration to their classes. But I do not 
 acquit the Faculty of error in the matter; for in every 
 instance I believe it was done by the concurrent 
 action of the two Boards. Such a state of things is 
 wholly inconsistent with respect for the laws, or the 
 powers charged with their administration. I need not 
 speak of the utter inefficiency of any criminal code, 
 however sanguinary it may be in its provisions, when 
 one can natter himself with the hope of escape, even 
 after conviction, from its .penalties. But what became 
 of the indictment framed against the President! I 
 can give very little information on the subject. A 
 few facts, however, will be added from the record. At 
 the meeting of the 21st of April, the resolution of 
 censure was passed, and communicated to him; and 
 on the 24th the Board received a letter from him in 
 reply to the resolution. The charges were now drawn 
 out at full length, and committed to the Standing 
 Committee, with instructions to communioate them to 
 Dr. Maxcy. It was with that body, then, that the 
 issue was made, and the battle fought. There is a 
 
74 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 tradition that he acquitted himself with masterly 
 power, and triumphant eloquence; that all felt the 
 weight of his genius, and were carried away by its 
 resistless and overwhelming influences. How much of 
 truth there is in this, I know not; but I give this fact 
 from the record, and the reader may draw his own 
 inference. The Board had its next meeting on 
 November 24th, and not the slightest allusion is made 
 to any proceeding against him, and the case is abruptly 
 terminated by a nolle prosequi. Relations of perfect 
 harmony subsist between them, and the President is 
 in his former position of power and influence. The 
 Standing Committee bear testimony to the diligence 
 and fidelity of the several officers of the College, to 
 the state of discipline, and to the general good conduct 
 of the students. I can form some conception of the 
 joyous feeling which now animated the bosoms of 
 all; of the return of that mutual confidence which 
 past distrust had served only to increase, and of the 
 springing up of a hope in reference to the future 
 destiny of the College, with far more than its pristine 
 freshness and beauty. But this was a delusion. The 
 difficulties with the President were most happily 
 terminated; but a storm far more terrific than any 
 which had yet been experienced was gathering, and was 
 soon to burst with maddened fury upon the College. 
 Quiet had not been restored. The love of law, the 
 principle of obedience, had not yet asserted its rightful 
 supremacy. The relation of the Faculty and the 
 students was not the relation of friends, but in too 
 many instances of enemies. At the first meeting in 
 January, 1814, the discipline had to be enforced with 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. YO 
 
 no common severity. Absences from the room after the 
 ringing of the bell at evening were of common occur- 
 rence ; the peace of the town was frequently disturbed 
 by noise and riot, and something had to be done to 
 stay the tide of lawlessness which was threatening to 
 sweep every thing before it. The Faculty resolved to 
 punish the offence by suspension. This was made 
 known in the Chapel by tKe President, but it availed 
 nothing. Citizens of the town made great complaint 
 of the conduct of students ; the decencies of public 
 worship in some of the churches were violated ; 
 attempts were made to take the bell ; " disrespectful 
 and insulting behavior" was indulged towards the 
 officers of the College ; studies were neglected, and^ 
 unlawful combinations formed to defeat the execu- 
 tion of the laws. Under these circumstances, the 
 Faculty, after a thorough investigation, suspended three 
 students, and ordered them to leave the walls forth- 
 with, with the condition that if the order was not 
 obeyed, they would be reported for expulsion. This 
 occurred on the 8th of February. On that night a 
 riot of a most alarming character burst forth in the 
 College walls. It was but the last act of the drama 
 which had been playing for a twelve-month ; the em- 
 bodiment of all those elements of disaffection which, as 
 has been seen, had been operating, though somewhat 
 insidiously, with such destructive energy. I will not 
 ask the reader to follow me through all its revolting 
 and disgusting details, but the truth of history demands 
 that I give some account of it. Immediately after the 
 suspension alluded to, was announced, indications of 
 a riotous disposition were seen among several students, 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 which were fomented by the suspended students, who 
 went to the house of a Professor and made threats of per- 
 sonal violence. These indications continued throughout 
 the day, and notwithstanding a very serious and im- 
 pressive address by the President at evening prayers, 
 immediately after the ringing of the seven o'clock bell, 
 a number of students broke out into open and formid- 
 able rebellion. Some of them in various disguises, 
 having drank and distributed spirituous liquors at the 
 College well, burnt a Professor in effigy, whilst others, 
 also in disguise, were stationed as guards at the houses 
 of the Professors to prevent their coming out. After 
 the burning of the effigy, a body of students, with a 
 drum and fife, rushed into the centre building of the 
 Northern College, broke open the door of the Library, 
 did great damage to the windows, and carried off the bell 
 and destroyed it. About the same time a furious attack 
 was made with brick-bats on the windows of a room 
 occupied by a Tutor of the College, and on the dwelling 
 house of a Professor, to the great hazard of the lives 
 of his family, who were known to be in the house, and 
 who, in consequence of the attack, were forced to leave 
 it. I read from the record that the panic was general; 
 that "although the dwellings of the other Professors 
 were not thus assaulted, their families were greatly 
 terrified at such a scene of savage brutality." But 
 the work of destruction did not stop here. The 
 windows of "the College rooms" of several Professors 
 were broken, and the windows of some of the rooms 
 occupied by students, and of the apparatus-room, were 
 damaged. From this hasty sketch, the reader may 
 form some idea of the riot. It was still raging, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 77 
 
 the Faculty felt that they were powerless. What was 
 to be done ? Application was made to the Trustees 
 residing in the town, and they applied to the Intendant 
 for a civil force to quell it. But he replied that there 
 was no such force competent to the purpose, and he 
 called out the Militia of the Town. When the force 
 arrived, some resistance was offered, but after this had 
 ceased, much abusive language was used for some time 
 by some of the students, and it was found necessary to 
 keep a strong guard in one of the Professor's houses 
 for the whole night. The names of certain of the 
 students had come to the knowledge of the Faculty, 
 and these names w^ere communicated to the Trustees. 
 
 It was a period of general alarm, and no one felt 
 safe in his person. The Faculty therefore resolved 
 to request the Trustees to devise some method by 
 which the students, whose names were reported to 
 them, should be immediately placed in close* confine- 
 ment, until they could be taken away by their parents 
 and guardians, as without this proceeding it would be 
 dangerous and impolitic to attempt any punishment ; 
 and to procure a sufficient guard to maintain the good 
 order of the College, and the safety of the families of 
 the officers, during the prevalence of the present rebel- 
 lious temper among the students. 
 
 To complete my historical narrative, it is only 
 necessary to give the final action of the Board of 
 Trustees. It is marked by most commendable vigor 
 and determination. All students who were reported 
 for expulsion had the sentence executed against them. 
 Some had prosecutions commenced against them, 
 which were finally arrested, on condition that they 
 
78 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 pay for all the damage done to the public property. 
 After a careful investigation, the Board conclude that 
 the President of the College is as diligent in the 
 discharge of his duties as the state of his health will 
 permit, anfl that his lectures and instructions are 
 delivered with ability; that Professors Park, Mont- 
 gomery and Smith, have well discharged their respec- 
 tive duties, and have been faithful in enforcing the dis- 
 cipline of the College. 
 
 I have now concluded my account of the riot ; but, 
 before I take leave of the subject, I would ask the 
 attention of the reader for a few moments longer. It 
 may be asked, why was it not passed by altogether, as 
 such disclosures must injure the reputation of the 
 Institution ? I will answer the question briefly. , My 
 regard for truth imposed it upon me as a duty. I 
 have taken my pen to write the history of the College. 
 I have dealt in no personalities. I have presented 
 acts, things. I have come to the conclusion that few 
 comparatively, were concerned originally in it, and 
 that the many were drawn in without any criminal 
 design, and that they did not participate in the acts of 
 gross violence which I have given. But if it be that 
 the students of the present day are not quite so bad 
 as their fathers, in the name of justice let them have 
 credit for it. Again, it is but telling the story of the 
 trials and difficulties through which the College has 
 passed, and exhibits its inherent power and energy. 
 What if it had to be subjected to the ordeal of fire ! It 
 has stood the test. Further, it furnishes an occasion for 
 doing honor to the noble men, the members of the 
 Board of Trustees, and Faculty, who, in the midst of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 79 
 
 difficulties which would have appalled common 
 hearts, only strove the harder ; and by the exercise 
 of a high virtue and a profound judgment, not only 
 saved the College, but laid the foundations, broad and 
 deep, for its future success. 
 
 At this meeting, November 30th, Professor Black- 
 burn tendered his resignation, and it was accepted, to 
 take effect on the 1st of July. The year closed with 
 a great improvement in the condition of the College. 
 The Standing Committee assure the Board that, " upon 
 the whole, there is much less dissipation, more atten- 
 tion to order and the rules of the College, than pre- 
 vailed some time since, which is partly attributable to 
 the stricter discipline maintained since the riots in 
 February last, and the sending away many refractory 
 young men ; and partly to a real and progressive im- 
 provement in the young men themselves." I have 
 here to deplore the existence of that evil which has 
 ever been the curse of our College; of that degrading 
 vice which may be pronounced the mother of all 
 others; which has blighted the blossom in its bud, 
 crushed the rising hope, extinguished the fire of 
 genius, and sent thousands of our youth to an early 
 and dishonored grave. I mean intoxicating drink. 
 The Standing Committee close their report with the 
 remark, "that if proper restraints could be imposed 
 upon the tavern keepers and retailers of spirituous 
 liquors, there is good reason to hope that the discipline 
 of the College could be firmly maintained." 
 
 George Blackburn was born in the county of Wick- 
 low, Ireland, December 26th, 1765. He was a gradu- 
 ate of Trinity College, Dublin. In August, 1800, he 
 
80 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 arrived with his father and family at Philadelphia. 
 He brought letters to Dr. Rush, and other gentlemen, 
 and commenced a military academy in that city. He 
 soon abandoned the scheme and removed to Virginia, 
 where he opened an academy, which had considerable 
 success. In a few years he was called to the Profes- 
 sorship of Mathematics and Astronomy in William 
 and Mary College. November 28th, 1811, he was 
 elected Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in 
 the South Carolina College. November 30th, 1814, 
 he tendered his resignation; and it was accepted, to 
 take effect on the 1st of July. It is worthy of men- 
 tion that, in the College vacation of 1812, he 'was 
 .employed, on the part of South Carolina, to run the 
 boundary line between North and South Carolina; 
 and after leaving the College, by the appointment of 
 Governor Allston, he made certain observations of 
 longitude and latitude designed for a map of the State. 
 After his removal from Columbia he made an extensive 
 tour to the South- Western States, but finally settled 
 at Baltimore, where he assisted, with Dr. Jennings, in 
 founding the College of Asbury. From Baltimore he 
 returned to Columbia in 1821, where he continued to 
 reside until his death, which took place August 13th, 
 1823. A beautiful and costly monument in the ceme- 
 tery of the Episcopal Church, marks the spot where 
 rest his mortal remains. It is now proper to speak of 
 his qualifications for the important chair which he 
 filled. I do not know that there is anything extrava- 
 gant in the testimony of "an old student," borne 
 thirty-four years ago, "that he was a man of quick 
 and vigorous understanding, an able mathematician, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 81 
 
 and most excellent instructor.'" In a letter now 
 before me, from one of the most distinguished gradu- 
 ates of the College, the following words are to be 
 found : " Professor Blackburn was a first-rate mathe- 
 matician; he taught Mathematics as a science, and 
 not as a matter of memory. From him I learned 
 the demonstration of many difficult problems, and 
 with his aid I understood much of that abstruse and 
 difficult science, as applied to Natural Philosophy and 
 Astronomy. He was an irascible gentleman, and of 
 course subjected to many petty annoyances in College." 
 No doubt the Professor had his trials, for who in a 
 College has been exempt ? A conscientious man is 
 mortified, and disappointed by the little progress made* 
 in his department. His highest reward is to see his 
 classes doing well. In no other way can he feel that 
 he is rendering valuable service. It is, indeed, a trial 
 of temper, when a Professor perceives that his best 
 efibrts, continued from day to day, pass for nothing; 
 when he fails to arouse the indolent, and to impart 
 even a higher life to the ambitious. But whatever 
 may be the form of vexation and disappointment, 
 whatever the nature of the occasion, nothing can be 
 gained by an exhibition of temper. I know not pre- 
 cisely how it is, but the world expects a Professor to 
 banish passion from his nature. After all, however, 
 it may be a compliment to his vocation. It may be 
 that a Professor is regarded in the light of a philoso- 
 pher ; and philosophers have certainly fallen short of 
 their work if they have not acquired a mastery of 
 certain mental infirmities. Now, waiving the ques- 
 tion, whether the history of philosophers proves that 
 
82 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 they have achieved emancipation from the common 
 infirmities of our race, I must insist that Professors 
 in Colleges are very much like other men, and claim 
 no exemption from the lot of humanity. Something 
 must be pardoned to them ; they are still flesh and 
 blood, though engaged in the pursuit of letters ; 
 and certainly there is no calling which taxes the 
 patience more than that of an instructor. With this 
 apology for the class generally, I now give the follow- 
 ing incident in the life of Professor Blackburn while 
 in this College, with the remark, that it proves he had 
 his share of irritability, and that his conduct was 
 sometimes unwise and impolitic. I give it upon the 
 authority of the gentleman to whom I have already 
 alluded. The Senior Class was very remiss in its 
 attendance upon him. It is not a thing of play to 
 take hold of the Calculus; to be required to compre- 
 hend the awful mysteries of the transcendental mathe- 
 matics ; to bear a decent part in company with 
 Newton, Leibnitz and LaPlace; and I can well 
 sympathize with the men to whom the fates have 
 decreed such a destiny. But the law required it, and 
 every good citizen is bound to yield obedience. And 
 it is, too, the occasion to test the courage. There is 
 no glory in reciting an easy lesson, as there is no glory 
 in achieving an easy victory. A tough lesson is a real 
 battle. It is marked by the " majestic pomp of pre- 
 paration, the breathless pause, the roaring onset, the 
 struggle, the carnage ; and the teeth are set, the breath 
 held in, and the blood rushing back to the heart." 
 There is true glory to be won by the discharge of duty 
 on such an occasion, and is not he a coward who will 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 83 
 
 shrink back alarmed and appalled ! The class was 
 alarmed, and many declined the contest. The Profes- 
 sor remarked to them, " that it might be that half of 
 his class were very smart fellows, for he never saw 
 them ; but the half who attended his recitations were 
 as laborious as oxen, but as stupid as asses." This, 
 of course, led to a rebellion. The Professor certainly 
 went too far. Nothing could justify such language. 
 Finally a treaty of peace was signed by the Professor 
 and class, and the usual relations restored. I have 
 given to Professor Blackburn the fullest intellectual 
 qualifications for his chair, for this is his reputation. 
 I know no objection to him, but that which has been 
 stated. His life, in consequence, was not a pleasant 
 one in College. He was unquestionably a man of 
 talent, and of mathematical knowledge. He cannot 
 be said then, in any sense, to have dishonored his 
 chair. Probably he was one of the best mathema- 
 ticians who ever presided over the department; and 
 with all his faults, (which I think are venial,) he will 
 be remembered as one who has contributed to the 
 permanent reputation of the College. 
 
 I am sorry to remark, that the first half of the 
 year 1815 exhibits instances of disorder. One might 
 reasonably have calculated that the terrible storm, 
 through which the College had just passed, would 
 have been succeeded by a period of extraordinary 
 calm and quiet. But it was otherwise. The energy 
 of the Faculty, sustained as it was by the Board of 
 Trustees, was not without effect ; but there was still 
 a constant necessity for vigilance and discipline. The 
 troubles and the difficulties were much increased 
 
84 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 by the ill health of Dr. Maxcy, who, in consequence, 
 was generally absent from the meetings of the Faculty, 
 and unable to take part in their proceedings. This 
 caused interruption in the course of instruction ; and 
 all who have had experience in College life know that 
 such interruptions never fail to invite idleness and 
 dissipation. The Mathematical Chair being vacant, 
 the Trustees, at their meeting of April 26th, elected 
 the Rev. Christian Hanckel, Tutor of that depart- 
 ment. The truth of history requires me to add, that 
 at a meeting of the Board of Trustees on the 29th of 
 November, a resolution was submitted to disconnect 
 Dr. Maxcy with the College, which, after full discussion, 
 was ordered to lie on the table until the next stated 
 meeting in November, 1816. The report of the 
 Standing Committee, made at an adjourned meeting 
 held the next day, November 30, 1815, contains some 
 very important suggestions, which are worthy of 
 notice. These suggestions concern the curriculum of 
 studies, and propose important and valuable additions. 
 The fact is interesting, as it is a fact of progress. 
 Thus far the course of instruction had probably been 
 as complete as circumstances would allow, or the neces- 
 sities of the country demanded. But a College, per- 
 fect in all its provisions and arrangements, could not 
 be the work of a day or a year. Time was necessary, 
 and it could only expand by a slow and gradual 
 process to its full proportions. 
 
 But I will let the Committee assign their own reasons 
 for their suggestions. It is therefore submitted, that 
 in order to keep pace with the growing knowledge of 
 the world, and to place this Institution on a footing 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 85 
 
 with the great and improving Colleges of the Northern 
 States, it would be advisable to establish new Profes- 
 sorships and Tutorships whenever the prosperous 
 circumstances of the country should induce a belief 
 that the Legislature would provide for them. Profes- 
 sorships for Political Economy, for Elocution and Belles 
 Lettres, and others, might be usefully established in 
 succession according to the order of their importance ; 
 and if the requisites for admission into the lower 
 classes were made more extensive, a larger course in 
 the sciences could be given. But they would press 
 more particularly upon the Board the immediate 
 creation of a Professorship of Mineralogy, to be united 
 with the Professorship of Chemistry. The appoint- 
 ment of an additional Tutor was also recommended. 
 Tutor Hanckel was elected Professor of Mathematics, 
 December 1st. The College has now been in operation 
 eleven years, and it may be of interest to state particu- 
 larly the course of instruction pursued at this period. 
 'The reader will thus be enabled to note the modifica- 
 tions which it underwent from the first year of its 
 existence, and to institute a more perfect comparison 
 with its future and progressive development. In 
 June the Senior class was examined in Chemistry, 
 Logic and Elocution. The Tutor of Mathematics 
 had not yet entered upon his duties. In November 
 it was examined on the Elements of Criticism, on 
 certain branches of Natural Philosophy, on Moral Phi- 
 losophy, and on Astronomy. In May the Junior 
 Class was examined on the Elements of Criticism, 
 the Evidences of Christianity and Moral Philosophy ; 
 in December, upon Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, 
 
86 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 &c., Kames' Elements of Criticism, Logic, Moral 
 Philosophy, Paley's Natural Theology. In June 
 the Sophomore Class was examined in Algebra, 
 Geography and Homer; and, in November, in Geo- 
 graphy, Sheridan's Lectures, Algebra, Telemachus 
 (French), Horace, and Homer's Iliad. In June the 
 Freshman Class was examined in Xenophon, Horace 
 and Arithmetic ; and, in December, in Horace, Xeno- 
 phon's Cyropsedia, Cicero, English Grammar and 
 Arithmetic. This seems to embrace the entire course 
 of instruction which was actually pursued in the year 
 1815 ; and the reader, I am sure, will agree with me, 
 that it is limited and imperfect. It should be 
 remarked, however, that owing to the ill health of 
 Dr. Maxcy, and other causes, the course was far more 
 incomplete than was designed. To the above should 
 be added, as parts of the regular course, the instruc- 
 tion of the Senior Class by the President, in the Phi- 
 losophy of the Human Mind, and in the higher 
 Mathematics by the Professor of that Department: 
 It is worthy of remark, that no instruction was given 
 to the two upper classes in Greek and Latin, and these 
 departments had not, therefore, the prominence which 
 has been accorded them in latter times. Upon the 
 whole, the year 1815 is not to be regarded as a bril- 
 liant or a very successful year in the history of the 
 College. It is signalized by unusual inattention to 
 study, by many acts of discipline, and by a want of 
 proper harmony between the President and the 
 Board of Trustees. 
 
 The year 1816 opened under favorable auspices. 
 At an occasional meeting of the Board of Trustees, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 87 
 
 January 15th, a petition from the students was pre- 
 sented by Dr. Maxcy. The object of the meeting was 
 to decide upon the propriety of dismissing the students 
 for a limited time, on account of the prevalence of the 
 influenza, which, according to the testimony of the 
 physicians of the town, was of a very dangerous type, 
 and rapidly increasing. The Board, after postponing 
 the petition indefinitely, finally resolved to suspend the 
 College exercises for a fortnight. The duties were 
 resumed at the appointed time, and the state of the 
 College may be clearly perceived from the records of 
 the Faculty. On their minutes of April 8th, I find the 
 following language : " The moral deportment of the 
 students of the College, and their attention to study, 
 have been such for some time past, that the Faculty 
 deem very rigorous discipline, for the present, unne- 
 cessary." The examinations of the classes were held 
 at the regular periods, and never since the establish- 
 ment of the College had they been so full and com- 
 plete. The course of instruction for the year had 
 been more thorough probably, than at any former time? 
 and never, perhaps, for so long a period, had the 
 general order and attention to the studies been as 
 good. There were but few violations of law, and 
 these were not of an aggravated character. The 
 Board of Trustees and the President seem to have 
 shaken hands and buried their difficulties ; the best 
 relations existed between the Faculty and students, 
 and a spirit of good will pervaded the bosoms of all. 
 What a contrast with the year immediately preceding ! 
 Now all apprehensions were dispelled; the friends 
 of the College took fresh courage, hope was re-kindled. 
 
88 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 and the future was full of brightness and glory. It 
 was a year to be remembered. The College had passed 
 through trials and difficulties which had nigh proved 
 fatal; but it was now triumphant. Men flattered 
 themselves that the evil day had passed, never 
 to return; and that, henceforth, it would pursue 
 the even tenor of its way, freed from those disturb- 
 ing influences which had so frequently checked its 
 progress. Sad delusion ! There were many and 
 bitter trials before it. Its strength was to be more 
 severely tested; but this strength was to prove 
 sufficient for any emergency, and in the end the most 
 sanguine expectations were to be realized. Some may 
 suppose that the picture which I have sketched of the 
 College in 1816 is over-drawn. Let us see what Dr. 
 Maxcy says of it in his report to the Trustees on the 
 26th of November : " I regret extremely," says he, 
 "that it has not been convenient for the Trustees to 
 attend the public examinations, that they might 
 have witnessed the proficiency of the classes. With- 
 out this, it is impossible to form an accurate estimate 
 of the real state of the College. I have only to say 
 that the Faculty have been highly gratified with the 
 conduct and proficiency of the students. I have spent 
 nearly thirty years in College business, and I can say 
 with truth, that I never knew an instance in which a 
 College was conducted with such order, peace and 
 industry, as this has been during the last year. We 
 have had no difficulty, except in a few cases, from the 
 resort of certain individuals to taverns and other places 
 of entertainment." It is to be remarked that, even in 
 this community which, in the extract just given, is 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 89 
 
 presented for our admiration the degrading vice the 
 vice of drunkenness still lingered ; and that the only 
 stain upon the beautiful picture is produced by its 
 foul and polluting touch. 
 
 The year 1817 exhibits a decline in the order and 
 quiet, and amount of study and proficiency in the 
 College. Woi*se years, however, had preceded it. It 
 had, however, a character of its own, and I will 
 attempt to give briefly its prominent features. The 
 most prominent, perhaps, is the deep disaffection to- 
 wards the Commons Hall. This had never been a 
 popular branch of the College system, and the mur- 
 murings of discontent may be traced back to the earlier 
 periods of its existence. It had always been a source 
 of trouble and mischief; but now it became odious. 
 Complaint after complaint was made to the Faculty; 
 personal collisions, between the Steward and his 
 servants, and the young men, were of frequent occur- 
 rence, and a state of permanent irritation was pro- 
 duced. Much of the time of the Faculty was devoted 
 to an investigation of the state of the Commons, and 
 to a trial of the issues between the parties. The 
 mischief produced by such a condition of things is not 
 to be measured by definite limits. Though first 
 directed against the Hall, soon other issues are 
 involved, and it becomes wide-spread and general. 
 Every one who has had experience in College life 
 knows that it cannot be otherwise. When the spirit 
 of opposition to authority is once aroused and excited 
 into action, if not duly checked, it runs to madness 
 and fury, and there is nothing too daring, nothing too 
 reckless, which it will not undertake. The difficulties 
 
90 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 in the Commons then created gther difficulties. The 
 play at fisticuff was revived, and became quite a 
 fashionable amusement. But it was not as innocent 
 as in former times, for in some cases it was a play 
 with knives and dirks. The Faculty were compelled to 
 interfere to arrest it, and the punishment of suspension 
 was enforced against several offenders. As another 
 characteristic of the year, I have to remark that the 
 horn or trumpet was the favorite musical instrument ! 
 To be serious the quiet of the College was much 
 disturbed by it, and the records of the Faculty furnish 
 very voluminous reports of the trial of offenders. 
 But the highest crime of the year, and the highest 
 crime known to the law, was perpetrated near its 
 close; I mean the crime of combination. But to the 
 credit of the Faculty be it said, that they met it 
 promptly and boldly; and to the credit of the students 
 let it be added, that they returned to their duty. Thus 
 was it proved that the law was supreme, and that 
 the spirit of obedience had its rightful place in their 
 bosoms. 
 
 At the meeting of the Trustees on November 25th, 
 Mr. Herbemont resigned his office of Tutor of the 
 French language, whereupon the Tutorship was 
 abolished, and a Professorship established with a 
 salary of twelve hundred dollars, provided the Legis- 
 lature would make the appropriation. At the same 
 meeting a Professorship of Mineralogy was established 
 and annexed to the Professorship of Chemistry, with a 
 salary of four hundred dollars, to be paid^out of the 
 tuition fund. The Legislature had previously made 
 an appropriation for an additional Tutor, and on De- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 91 
 
 cember 23d, James Camak, Esq., was appointed pro 
 tempore. It is to be remarked that Dr. Maxcy was 
 generally absent from the meetings of the Faculty. 
 His health was gradually declining, and it was mani- 
 fest that the College would soon be deprived of his 
 invaluable services. 
 
 
CHAPTER IY. 
 
 The proceedings of the Faculty for the year 1818 
 contain nothing of peculiar interest. If remarkable 
 for any thing, it is for the vigilance of the Faculty, 
 and the sternness with which the laws were enforced. 
 There were few or no offences of a grave character, 
 but yet the suspensions and degradations were numer- 
 ous. The rule in reference to absence from rooms 
 after the ringing of the bell at night, was carried out 
 with vigor, and deficiency at the examinations rarely 
 failed of receiving its proper reward. The discipline 
 then was good. The Faculty speak well of the ex- 
 aminations w r hich were held during the year, and upon 
 the whole the success was decidedly flattering. 
 Seldom is the temper of the students as good as it was 
 at this period; very seldom, indeed, is the spirit of 
 obedience as perfect. One or two facts will exhibit 
 this; and many will feel surprised at the submission 
 of the young men to certain proceedings of the Faculty. 
 I read on the record that two students were convicted 
 of an offence, and that they participated equally in it ; 
 and that one was admonished, and the other suspended. 
 Here was apparent injustice and favoritism; but 
 there was no protest, no complaint. Again, a monitor 
 of the Junior Class was deposed, and another appointed 
 in his stead ; the appointment was promptly accepted. 
 I could multiply examples. Was this degrading sub- 
 mission ? No. There were in the walls at that time 
 6 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 men of as high spirit, and of as honorable impulses, 
 as ever lived. They submitted from a principle of 
 obedience to authority, and from the confidence which 
 they reposed in the honor and justice of the Faculty. 
 Let the youth of after-times profit by the lesson ; let 
 them know that the Faculty of a College have no mo- 
 tives to be unjust, and that very rarely, indeed, do they 
 perpetrate a wrong. The impulses of youth are fre- 
 quently fatal to a just judgment, and the precipitancy 
 with which they pass upon the conclusions of matured 
 minds which have been reached after deliberate inves- 
 tigation, and calm inquiry, must be condemned. 
 
 I have already said, that from the earliest years of 
 the College, the Commons Hall had been a source of dis- 
 content ; and though in the present year there had 
 been no violent outbursts against it, it lost none of its 
 unpopularity. I may as well add in this place as in 
 any other, that it was never destined to enjoy the 
 favor of the students, but through every administra- 
 tion, to its final overthrow, to exert an influence 
 prejudicial to good manners, and to the order and 
 government of the College. At the first meeting of 
 the Board of Trustees, it was the principal object of 
 attention. It was resolved to advertise for a steward, 
 and a Special Committee was appointed to make the 
 selection. 
 
 Mr. Camak's letter of resignation of the office of 
 Tutor, to which he had been recently elected, was 
 submitted November 25th. The Rev. Robert Henry, 
 of Charleston, was elected Professor of Logic and 
 Moral Philosophy, November 26th, in place of the 
 Rev. Dr. Montgomery, resigned. Hugh McMillan 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 95 
 
 was elected December 4th, to fill the vacant Tutorship. 
 There is nothing else of interest in the proceedings of 
 the Board for this year. Its authority seems not to 
 have been invoked for any matter of discipline, or for 
 any other purpose, and all things promised well for 
 the coming session of 1819. 
 
 The Rev. B. R. Montgomery was born in Abbeville 
 District, South Carolina, about the year 1782. His 
 academic education was conducted solely by his 
 mother; and I am informed that she prepared him 
 for admission to Hamden and Sidney College, where 
 he was received in 1799. He entered the ministry of 
 the Presbyterian Church in 1803. I know not the 
 field of his ministerial labors before his call to the 
 Presbyterian Church in Camden. At a meeting of 
 the congregation of that church, October 10th, 1809, 
 he was unanimously invited to take charge of it ; and 
 his first official act bears date February 9th, 1810. 
 He held this responsible position but a short time. In 
 a letter now before me, I am assured that never was 
 a separation between a Pastor and his people more 
 trying. Nothing but the importance of uniting the 
 pastoral relation of the young and feeble church at 
 Columbia with the Professor's chair in College, could 
 have induced him to relinquish his connection with 
 the church at Camden. He has often been heard to 
 say, that the most sorrowful day of his life was when 
 he left Camden. His farewell sermon was preached 
 from 2d Corinthians, 13th chapter, 16th verse. One 
 who heard it writes, that " it was an occasion never 
 to be forgotten by those who were present. There 
 was not a tearless eye in thfc church, and many irre- 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 pressible bursts of sorrow testified the love and attach- 
 ment which were now about to be dissolved between 
 a beloved pastor and his people." At the meeting of 
 the Trustees, November 27th, 1811, he was elected 
 Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic, and Novem- 
 ber 26th, 1818, resigned his office. Dr. Montgomery 
 was an officer in the College for seven years, and 
 never was it the lot of one to pass through a more 
 stormy period. He is commended by the Trustees 
 for the manner in which he discharged his duties. I 
 am assured by distinguished graduates of that day, 
 that he was " a good Professor." I have no means of 
 judging of the particular character of his mind and 
 literary attainments. I am not aware that he pub- 
 lished any thing. He is to be remembered, however, 
 for his long services in the College at the period of its 
 infancy, and as having contributed no small share to 
 its advancement. He died at Key- West, August 27th, 
 1823. 
 
 The order of the year 1819 was not as good as that 
 of the year just passed.* The complaints against the 
 Commons were loud and numerous, and the Faculty 
 were obliged to direct their special attention to the 
 subject. There were not a few offences, but they 
 were all met by the appropriate punishment. It is 
 gratifying to record that in some of a personal char- 
 acter, the offenders were required by the Faculty to 
 make full and satisfactory apologies, and that it was 
 promptly done. The fact proves the good temper of 
 the students, and their respect for authority. 
 
 The most interesting event of the year is the death 
 of Professor Smith. He "was born in Charleston in 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 97 
 
 July, 1778. He was the third son of Josiah and Mary 
 Smith, of that city. The rudiments of his education 
 were received in Philadelphia, to which place his 
 mother was driven in the Revolutionary War. He 
 returned to Charleston when very young, and entered 
 an Academy conducted by a Mr. Thompson. His 
 progress in his studies was very rapid, and at the age 
 of thirteen he was thought sufficiently prepared for 
 admission to Princeton College. This was postponed, 
 however, on account of his youth, but at the age of 
 fourteen he went on under charge of a Mr. Baldwin, a 
 Tutor in the Academy, who had been appointed to a 
 Tutorship in that College, and entered the Freshman 
 Class. Graduating with high distinction, he returned 
 to his parents in Charleston, and commenced the study 
 of medicine in the office of Dr. David Ramsay. He 
 attended the medical lectures of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, and after having received his degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine, settled in his native city, and en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession in connection 
 with Drs. Stevens and Joseph Ramsay. There he 
 remained until 1807, when he removed to the upper 
 part of the State, and purchased a home in Pendleton 
 District. For six years he pursued the quiet occupa- 
 tion of a planter, and practised his profession only 
 when his services were imperiously demanded. At 
 this period he connected himself with the Presbyterian 
 Church. The Chair of Chemistry being now vacant 
 by the lamented death of Professor Simons, at the 
 earnest solicitation of his friends he was induced to 
 offer himself as a candidate. He was elected to that 
 Chair November 26th, 1812, and entered upon its 
 
98 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 duties on the following January. No doubt it was 
 the best appointment which could have been made. 
 In that day the number of professional chemists 
 was very limited, and at the South few were to 
 be found. His course of medical studies had, however, 
 secured some attention to that department, and he was 
 not, therefore, wanting in special preparation. Pie had, 
 too, great taste for it ; and with his fine understand- 
 ing and persevering industry, it was certain that time 
 only was necessary for the achievement of large suc- 
 cess. Dr. Maxcy, in his report to the Trustees of 
 November 24th, 1813, testifies that he has discharged 
 his duties with great assiduity; that he has carried 
 the Senior Class through a pretty extensive course of 
 Chemistry, and that it appeared to great advantage at 
 the Public Examination. The report of the President 
 of November, 1816, declares that his lectures upon 
 Chemistry have been regularly delivered, and illus- 
 trated by appropriate experiments ; that his public 
 examinations have been accurate and extensive, and 
 fully evinced his industry and success in instruction. 
 In 1817, the language of the President is of the most 
 earnest and flattering character. He says that his exer- 
 tions are indefatigable, and that there are but few Profes- 
 sors in this country who can bear a comparison with him. 
 In 1818 he gives similar testimony. He continued "to 
 discharge the duties of his Professorship with unabated 
 zeal until the Summer vacation of 1819. Of his extra- 
 ordinary industry, his wonderful diligence, the records 
 of the Faculty and the Board of Trustees bear abundant 
 testimony. He was the man of work in the body of 
 which he was a member. I say nothing of his zeal in 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 99 
 
 his particular department ; I am willing to believe 
 that all his colleagues were animated by the same 
 honorable spirit. His labors are not to be measured 
 alone by the limit of his professorial duties. He was 
 the Secretary of the Faculty from November, 1813, 
 until the period of his death ; and his records are 
 remarkably full, voluminous and complete. When- 
 ever any extra professorial services had to be performed, 
 he was called upon to dicharge them. He was prom- 
 inent on the Committees of the Faculty. If the 
 Commons Hall needed supervision and regulation, he 
 was looked to for the purpose ; if a Bursar had to be 
 appointed to receive from parents the money for their 
 sons, and disburse it for them, he had the troublesome 
 and thankless duty devolved upon him. He loved 
 the College with the sincerest devotion, and was ever 
 ready to do anything which by possibility could sub- 
 serve its interests. Full of this spirit, and industrious 
 and methodical in his habits, he could always find 
 time when his services were commanded. 'Such was 
 the man, such was the officer whose death I am called 
 upon to record. Who shall estimate his value ? w^ho 
 shall measure the loss which the College and the 
 State were now called upon to sustain ! In July, 
 1819, he left Columbia in company with his friend, 
 Mr. David Coulter, for the Far West. He was 
 .attacked with fever, and died at his friend's house in 
 Missouri, in the month of August of that year. He 
 breathed his last afar from the wife and children of 
 his bosom, and his body is interred in that distant 
 land. He died in the fullness of his strength, in the 
 maturity of his powers, and a deep and heart-felt 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 sorrow was awakened throughout South Carolina. 
 At the first meeting of the Faculty, on the 4th of 
 October ensuing, the following resolutions were sub- 
 mitted by Dr. Maxcy, and unanimously adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the President, Professors and Tutors 
 of this College, do wear crape upon the left arm for 
 the space of thirty days, as a testimony of their 
 respect for the memory of their lamented colleague, 
 Edward Barrel Smith, M. D., late Professor of Chem- 
 istry and Mineralogy in the College. 
 
 Resolved, That it be recommended to the students 
 of the College to pay a like tribute of respect to the 
 memory of Professor Smith. 
 
 Resolved, That Professor Henry be requested to 
 deliver a discourse commemorative of the character 
 and virtues of the deceased Professor, at the ensuing 
 Commencement of the College. 
 
 Resolved, That these Resolutions be read in the Col- 
 lege Chapel by the President, and that a copy of them 
 be transmitted by the Secretary to Mrs. Smith. 
 
 It was then agreed that the business of the College 
 should be suspended until the morrow. 
 
 The Board of Trustees, at their meeting of Decem- 
 ber 3d, express their deep sense of the loss which they 
 have sustained in the death of Professor Smith, and of 
 the eminent services which he rendered while a mem- 
 ber of the Faculty. 
 
 From some unknown cause, Professor Henry did 
 not deliver his discourse until more than three years 
 had elapsed from the period of his death. I beg leave 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 101 
 
 now, in conclusion, to make a brief reference to it. 
 As he was his colleague, and knew him well, and was 
 possessed of the fullest competency for the exercise 
 of a discriminating judgment, I will avail myself of 
 his testimony, while I attempt in a few words to give 
 a summary of his intellectual and moral character. 
 From what has already been said, the reader is pre- 
 pared to accord to him, as a striking feature of his mind, 
 u an unshaken perseverance in the prosecution of any 
 object which he had once seriously proposed to him- 
 self as useful or laudable." His memory was very 
 retentive, and he was thereby able to avail himself, to 
 the utmost extent, of the stores of others ; and yet he 
 was not wanting in the power of invention when he 
 thought proper to exercise it. He ranked well as a 
 man of science, and his acquisitions were not confined 
 to his department. He was a good scholar, and Dr. 
 Maxcy incidentally records in one of his reports, that 
 he possessed what might be regarded as a rare accom- 
 plishment in that day, a thorough knowledge of the 
 French language. His mind was remarkable for its 
 exactness, and he was never content with a loose and 
 imperfect acquaintance with any thing. He was careful, 
 therefore, in his pursuits, and attained to great accuracy. 
 His morality was pure, his Christian faith firm and 
 unwavering. His temper was happy and amiable, and 
 in his social and domestic relations he presented an 
 example of shining excellence. In a word, he was a 
 godly man, whose conduct was regulated by deeply 
 cherished principle, and death only set its seal to a life 
 adorned by all the virtues, and sanctified by all the 
 influences which give dignity to human nature. 
 
102 HISTORY OF TUB SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 To complete the history of the year, I must again 
 recur to the proceedings of the Board of Trustees. 
 For many years past there had been three examina- 
 tions of the three under classes. It was now deter- 
 mined that there should be but two. The first was 
 fixed on the last week of the College Session, and the 
 second on the week preceding the Commencement. 
 The final examination of the Senior class was ordered 
 to commence five weeks before the Commencement. 
 Let me now say to the reader, that at the present time 
 there are three examinations of the under classes. 
 He will perceive it is nothing new, but a re- 
 vival of an ancient usage in the College. There had 
 been in some sense an independent Professorship of 
 Mineralogy, but now the duties were assigned to the 
 Professor of Chemistry, and the salary of the professor- 
 ship was abolished. At the meeting of December 3d, 
 Professor Hanckel resigned his Professorship, to take 
 effect in twelve months. It was resolved to go into 
 an election to fill the vacant Professorship of Chemis- 
 try for the term of one year, and Dr. Thomas Cooper, 
 of Philadelphia, was elected. At the same meeting- 
 Timothy Dwight Porter was elected Tutor. I have 
 now reached the close of the year 1819. One or two 
 reflections may not be out of place. It was not a year 
 of great disorder ; the Faculty speak well of the 
 examination with which it was concluded. It was, as 
 has been seen, the year of the death of a most valu- 
 able officer, and of the resignation of another. It was 
 the year, too, of the election of a man of great genius 
 and learning, who was to fill the chair of the Presi- 
 dency, whose influence was deep and abiding, and who 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 103 
 
 was to share alike the admiration and reproach of the 
 Trustees, and people of South Carolina. And it is the 
 last year, too, of the gifted Maxcy of that great man 
 who had been with the College from its very com- 
 mencement ; whose genius had contributed largely to 
 give it form and shape, and whose knowledge and 
 power had aided so much in its progress and develop- 
 ment. 
 
 The sad year of 1820 is upon me, and I proceed to 
 sketch its history. The first few months of the 
 session were marked by several acts of disorder, but 
 generally of such a character as not to be worthy of 
 special mention. The most flagrant violation of law 
 was the occurrence of a riot in the town, of such 
 importance as to require the interposition of the 
 Faculty, and a correspondence with the local authori- 
 ties. It seems, however, to have been confined to 
 very few, and not to have disturbed the general order 
 of the College. Two or three suspensions occurred in 
 the course of the Spring. At the meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees of April 28th, resolutions were 
 passed highly approving the services of Dr. Cooper, 
 and expressing the unanimous desire that he accept 
 his Professorship permanently; and a committee was 
 appointed to confer with him in reference to the 
 matter, and to ascertain what Professorship can be 
 most advantageously united with that of Chemistry. 
 At a subsequent meeting the committee reported that 
 Dr. Cooper had consented, and it was resolved unani- 
 mously that application be made to the Legislature, 
 at its next session, to establish a Professorship of 
 Geology and Mineralogy, with a salary of one thousand 
 
104 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 dollars per annum, and that the said Professorship be 
 committed to the charge of the Professor of Chemistry. 
 The health of Dr. Maxcy was failing rapidly ; but, bad 
 as it was, the minutes of the Faculty bear testimony 
 that he was rarely absent from its meetings, and that 
 he bore his part in the business of the College. At 
 this meeting the following resolution was submitted, 
 and its consideration postponed to a future day. This 
 postponement is to be regretted, and yet I would cast 
 no imputation upon the good and great men who 
 thus disposed of it. Had they known that it was a 
 pressing emergency, that they were looking at him for 
 the last time, that the shadows of death were even 
 now upon him, and that in one short month he was 
 to be forever concealed from their view, I am sure 
 that there was no kindness which they would not 
 readily have granted, no sacrifice which they would 
 not willingly have made. The resolution reads thus : 
 
 Whereas, The President of this College has been for 
 many years engaged in the arduous and laborious duties 
 of his station, and has been worn down, and exhausted 
 his constitution in the successful diffusion of science 
 and literature, and in forming the mind of youth for 
 philosophical researches : 
 
 Resolved, That it is expedient to devise some mea- 
 sure to relieve him from part of the burden incident to 
 the administrative part of his duty. 
 
 The Board adjourned not to meet until the 29th of 
 November. Dr. Maxcy continued to attend the meet- 
 ings of the Faculty regularly, and met his colleagues 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH 'CAROLINA COLLEGE. 105 
 
 for the last time on the 30th of May. He expired on 
 the 4th of June. 
 
 I have before me a "Circular of the South Carolina 
 College," bearing date April, 1819, and signed "Jona- 
 than Maxcy." I think it worthy of being laid before 
 the reader, as in the language of the Circular, " it gives 
 a correct view of the Course of Studies pursued in the 
 College, and of the advantages which it offers for 
 acquiring information in the various branches of 
 science." It is an important era in its history. The 
 first President was soon to rest from his labors. He 
 was with the College from its commencement. In 
 the process of development, it had encountered the 
 severest trials and difficulties'. He had expended 
 all his talent and learning in the work of progress ; 
 he had worn himself out in its service ; he had 
 nursed it with parental solicitude. What was the 
 result of all this toil, of all this anxiety ? What 
 point had it reached ? what standard of education had 
 he erected? This will be best answered by the 
 Circular, and I beg leave to give it entire : 
 
 " In order to enter the Freshman Class at its forma- 
 tion, a candidate must be able to sustain a satisfactory 
 examination upon Arithmetic and English Grammar, 
 upon Cornelius Nepos, Caesar, Sallust and the whole 
 of Virgil's ^Eneid in Latin ; and in Greek, upon the 
 Gospels of St. John and Luke, and the Acts of the 
 Apostles. The studies to be pursued in the Fresh- 
 man year are Cicero's Orations, and the Odes of 
 Horace in Latin, Xenophon's Cyropsedia in Greek, 
 Vulgar and Decimal Fractions and Extraction of 
 Koots, English Grammar and Adam's Roman Antiqui- 
 
106 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 ties. In the Sophomore year the studies are, Horace 
 continued, Homer's Iliad in Greek, Geography, Sheri- 
 dan's Lectures on Elocution, and Algebra ; Exercises 
 in Composition and Speaking are also required. In the 
 Junior year the studies are, Blair's Lectures, and 
 Kames' Elements of Criticism, Logic, Moral Philoso- 
 phy, Paley's Evidences of Christianity, Hutton's Course 
 of Mathematics, and Exercises in Composition and 
 Speaking. In the Senior year the studies are, Meta- 
 physics, Moral Philosophy continued, Butler's Analogy, 
 Hutton's Course of Mathematics continued, Cavallo's 
 Mechanical Philosophy and Astronomy, Chemistry 
 and Mineralogy. Exercises in Composition and Speak- 
 ing are also required. The Professors of Mathematics, 
 Mechanical Philosophy and Astronomy, of Logic and 
 Moral Philosophy, of Chemistry and Mineralogy, 
 deliver lectures on the suojects connected with their 
 respective departments. The Institution possesses an 
 excellent and extensive philosophical apparatus? 
 which is well suited to illustrate the lectures on the 
 various branches of experimental science. I may 
 add that, at this time, the officers of the College con- 
 sisted of a President, four Professors and two Tutors. 
 
 It must be stated, that it was determined that after 
 the termination of the year, the Analecta Graeca 
 Majora and Minora, were to be introduced, and the two 
 higher Classes required to have a weekly recitation in 
 these books, and in Cicero de Oratore. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 I have said that we have reached an era in the 
 history of the College. The great man who so long 
 presided over its destinies is now no more. Though 
 I have had frequent occasion to refer to him in these 
 pages, and my readers are not strangers to him, it is 
 but a simple act of justice that I speak more particu- 
 larly, and endeavor to present a fuller idea of the man 
 and the officer. The following sketch is, therefore, 
 submitted. I feel embarrassed by the magnitude of 
 my subject. I have before me a letter from one of the 
 most distinguished men of the State, who wields a pen 
 remarkable for its bold and graphic delineations, and 
 in it he remarks that he has often tried to describe 
 Dr. Maxcy, but fears that he has always failed. It 
 is not to be wondered at after such a confession, that I 
 should distrust my own abilities. To the numerous 
 admirers of that great man, I have but to say that I 
 trust they will accept it with all its imperfections, as 
 a pure and heartfelt offering upon his shrine. 
 
 Jonathan Maxcy, D.D., was born in Attleborough, 
 Massachusetts, September 2, 1768. His grandfather 
 was for many years a member of the Colonial Legisla- 
 ture of Massachusetts, and his father was one of the 
 most respectable inhabitants of the town in which he 
 lived. He had that good fortune which is so often 
 accorded to the truly great men of earth, of having as 
 his mother a woman of strong mind and devoted 
 
108 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 piety, and of coming under her peculiar guidance and 
 instruction. At an early age he gave proof of extra- 
 ordinary talents, and particularly in extemporaneous 
 speaking. He was entered a student in the Academy 
 at Wrentham, Massachusetts, conducted by the Rev. 
 William Williams. At the age of fifteen he was 
 admitted into Brown University. The talents which 
 were so prominently displayed at home, and at the 
 Academy, rapidly ripened and expanded on this new 
 and wider theatre, and he was distinguished in the 
 University for the brilliancy of his intellect, the ur- 
 banity of his manners, the correctness of his deportment, 
 his devotion to study, and honorable ambition. He 
 graduated in 1787 with the highest honors of his 
 class, and delivered a poem on the occasion. Immedi- 
 ately afterwards he was appointed to a vacant Tutor- 
 ship, the duties of which ne discharged for four years 
 with great ability. Becoming the subject of religious 
 impressions, he left the University and was ordained 
 Pastor of the first Baptist Church in Providence, Sep- 
 tember 8th, 1791. Here he labored with great suc- 
 cess, and added largely to his reputation. President 
 Manning died suddenly in July, 1791, and at the 
 Annual Commencement of the next year, Dr. Maxcy 
 was unanimously elected his successor, and resigning 
 his pastorship, entered upon theMuties of the Presi- 
 dential Chair September 8, 1792. He was not 
 unknown : as student and tutor he had left behind 
 him a high fame, and his re-appearance awakened 
 universal joy. At the first commencement after his 
 inauguration, the College was illuminated, and a trans- 
 parency placed in the attic story, displaying his name 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 109 
 
 with : "President 24 years old." Nor did he disap- 
 point the public expectation. The College had the 
 largest success under his administration ; and on the 
 roll of bright names which adorn the Presidency of 
 that Institution, to this day none shine with brighter 
 and more enduring lustre than that of Jonathan 
 Maxcy. In 1802, upon the death of Dr. Jonathan 
 Edwards, President of Union College, Schenectady, 
 New York, he was elected to the Presidency of that 
 Institution. Here he remained for two years, and won 
 golden opinions from all. The Act establishing the 
 South Carolina College was passed in 1801, and in 
 1804 the Trustees determined to put the College in 
 operation the succeeding year. To this end a Presi- 
 dent was to be elected, and all eyes were turned to 
 Maxcy, who had filled the Presidencies of two Colleges, 
 and whose genius and learning had attracted the admi- 
 ration of the entire country. He was therefore elected 
 April 28, 1804, and required to be at Columbia by 
 the succeeding November. His health was feeble, and 
 he accepted the call in the hope that he would find a 
 climate more congenial to his constitution. The reader 
 will call to mind that he has been the prominent 
 personage in my historical narrative, from the year 
 of his election to the period of his death. He has 
 been the principal actor. The history of the College 
 thus far is so interwoven with his own personal history, 
 that they cannot be separated. I have been com- 
 pelled, therefore, to speak of him on almost every 
 page ; to declare, to a considerable extent, the nature 
 of his labors, and the value of his varied services. I 
 shall not repeat the story here; the College is his 
 7 
 
110 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 monument, and his name is inscribed on every page 
 of its history. His acts, then, have been given, and 
 his mighty influence asserted. But I am to speak of 
 the man more particularly; to undertake an analysis 
 of his character, to present him, if possible, in the 
 fullness of his moral and intellectual grandeur, and 
 unveil, if I can, the sources of that almost super- 
 human power which affected alike the young and the 
 old, the educated and the ignorant. 
 
 First, I will speak of his person. None will deny 
 that it is something to be fortunate in this respect. 
 But I go further. The phrase "commanding person" 
 has been heard by all ; it is then a power. He was 
 rather small of stature. Judge O'Neall, in a letter 
 addressed to me, says that he was about five feet 
 eight inches high, his nose aquiline, his forehead 
 high, his lips a little protruded, his hair rather dark. 
 He had a peculiar majesty in his walk. Dressed in 
 fair top-boots, cane in hand, and walking through 
 the Campus, he was looked at with admiration by the 
 young men. When he entered the College Chapel for 
 morning or evening prayers, every student was erect 
 in his place, and as still as death to receive him. His 
 features were regular and manly, and when in repose 
 had no striking expression, unless it be that of benevo- 
 lence. But when he began to speak, says the distin- 
 guished gentleman to whom I have alluded, even in 
 common conversation, the light of genius flashed from 
 his eyes, and his whole appearance changed. He was 
 then a man yea, more than a man ; he seemed as if 
 he was the living embodiment of truth and eloquence. 
 I must call the attention of my younger readers par- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. Ill 
 
 ticularly, to what has been said about the manner of 
 his reception in the chapel. Is there not something 
 beautiful in it ? And is not such respect becoming 
 and proper ? Let the students of after-times derive a 
 profitable lesson from it. I think I know the history 
 of its discontinuance, but let it be revived. Age, 
 learning and piety, are especially entitled to respect 
 from the young, and he who withholds it is certainly 
 wanting in good manners. The brief sketch thus 
 given of the person of Dr. Maxcy has reference to his 
 appearance in 1811, and I preferred to follow the 
 eminent gentleman to whom I am indebted, rather 
 than trust to my own recollections at a subsequent 
 period. I saw him for the first time in 1819, and 
 though then the subject of rapidly increasing infirmi- 
 ties, I remember well the dignity of the man, the 
 power of his presence. 
 
 I will now call attention to the intellectual features 
 by which he was distinguished. There was a combi- 
 nation of powers which is rarely exhibited. In his 
 mind were to be found, in harmonious adjustment, all 
 the elements to constitute the man of taste, the poet, 
 the scholar, the philosopher, and the orator. It has 
 been said that in the mind of every man of mark, 
 there is a predominant feature; a leading power 
 which, in its mightier dominion, holds all others in 
 subserviency to it. If I had to distinguish in this 
 respect, between the high and varied powers with 
 which he was endowed, I would say that the original 
 bent of his genius was towards Philosophy. Certain 
 it is, that he luxuriated in the recondite and abstruse 
 inquiries of Metaphysics and Speculative Theology. 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 He was familiar with the dogmas of the several sys- 
 tems, and knew well the principles by which we are 
 to be guided in such investigations. It is true, I think, 
 as Dr. Henry asserts in his eulogy upon him, that to 
 the beneficial effects of those studies are due the clear- 
 ness, precision and facility, with which he was enabled 
 to explain himself upon every subject which he under- 
 took to discuss. 
 
 But he was not content with metaphysical attain- 
 ments. His reading was immense, and knowledge 
 was attractive to him wherever it was to be found. 
 He neglected nothing ; every department of human 
 inquiry had an interest for him. He was not only 
 not ignorant, but there were few subjects on which 
 he would fail to give a sound and mature opinion. 
 
 His reading in the Belles Lettres was extensive, and 
 he had mastered everything of value in the depart 
 ment of polite literature. His taste was just and dis- 
 criminating, and his mind thoroughly imbued with the 
 principles of philosophical criticism. While no man 
 could live more within himself, or had a more reflective 
 intelligence, he had a sympathy with external nature 
 in all her varied forms, and could derive from her con- 
 templation the noblest and most exquisite enjoyment. 
 He was no recluse, whose world was measured by the 
 narrow boundaries of his closet ; no half-developed 
 man. From the very depth of the unexplained and 
 unexplainable mysteries of Philosophy; from the field 
 of pure speculation, where he was striving with Plato, 
 to get a glimpse of truths which no human mind has 
 been permitted to penetrate, he could, in an instant, 
 divert the current of his thoughts, and, plunging in the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 113 
 
 midst of nature's scenery, have his soul elevated to 
 rapture at the sight of a flower, a tree, a precipice, or 
 running brook. And why was this ? It was because 
 of the varied powers of his mind, the diversified nature 
 of his pursuits. It is worthy of mention here, as in 
 great minds, and especially in the student, it is often 
 otherwise. Either from original constitution, or habits 
 of thought, the emotions of such persons are apt to be 
 of a particular kind, and restricted to particular sub- 
 jects. The lover, the man of commerce, the tradesman, 
 the lawyer, the doctor, wonder at the existence of emo- 
 tions which are excited in the bosoms of others, by ob- 
 jects which they regard with frigid indifference. Many 
 of my readers will remember the story of the great 
 mathematician who read the Paradise Lost without 
 being able to discover anything sublime, but who 
 always had his hair to stand on end, and his blood 
 to run cold, when he read the queries at the end 
 of Newton's Optics. He loved the beautiful ; his taste 
 was pure, his imagination warm, his sympathies 
 universal. He united, then, the philosophical with 
 the aesthetic element, and thus the charm of poetry 
 and the coloring of fancy, were diffused over his most 
 abstract speculations. 
 
 Dr. Maxcy was not a scholar in the sense of a 
 thorough and critical knowledge of the languages of 
 antiquity. This is plainly hinted by Dr. Henry in 
 his eulogy. But his scholarship was good, and he had 
 incorporated the spirit and genius of ancient classical 
 literature into his mental constitution. I am now to 
 speak of him as an orator, and, according to all accounts, 
 he acknowledges no superior in this respect among us. 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Judged by the only true test, the effect, he stands 
 unsurpassed. And to no subject did he give a larger 
 attention. He made it a study ; he felt that it had 
 its philosophy, and strove to master its principles, 
 that he might give it its fullest efficiency. He knew 
 that the foundation of all eloquence was laid in nature 
 that the appeal must be to man as he is ; that 
 it has power only as it makes heart answer to heart, 
 and arouses a feeling of common sympathy. He was 
 familiar with the noblest examples of the art in ancient 
 and in modern times, and read with the eye of a phi- 
 losopher the productions which have given them 
 immortality, and strove to discover the secret of their 
 marvellous effects. Let it not be supposed, however, 
 that his power was acquired. No ; this is impos- 
 sible. But it was improved by study and art. Nature 
 implanted in him all the elements of the orator; 
 imparted the gift ; but he cultivated and developed it. 
 She bestowed upon him a noble intellect, a warm and 
 fervid imagination, a tender and sympathising heart, 
 a sweet, melodious voice, but of great power, and a 
 commanding presence. His mind was rich in the 
 garniture of knowledge. He added a diction pure, 
 chaste, simple and elegant, and spoke with an earnest- 
 ness of spirit which excluded all suspicion of affecta- 
 tion. His sincerity, then, was not to be doubted. 
 He was playing no part. He was fully possessed by 
 his theme, and was laboring to impress the truth, as' 
 he had found it, upon the minds of his hearers. "His 
 eloquence," says Dr. Henry, " was the eloquence of 
 mind fraught with that sublimity and energy which 
 noble thoughts can alone inspire into the orator, or 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 115 
 
 enable him effectually to transfuse into the minds of 
 others." " When he had fairly entered upon his sub- 
 ject/' says the same eminent gentleman, "nothing 
 could resist the fervid impetuosity of his manner." But 
 it was in the pulpit that he earned his greatest honors 
 as an orator. He was not the vapid declaimer, who 
 won compliments by the beauty of his well turned 
 periods, and the graces of his elocution. He deserved 
 the praise which was accorded to Bourdaloue, of giving 
 us from the pulpit eloquence always reasonable. Good 
 sense and logic pervaded the whole body of his dis- 
 courses. They were full of something that was grand, 
 noble and inspiring ; of 
 
 " Thoughts that wander through eternity." 
 
 Let it not be thought that I have exaggerated his 
 powers as an orator. All who ever heard him will testify 
 to its surpassing excellence. His fame was established 
 before he removed to South Carolina, and at the North 
 he was regarded as unrivalled in the pulpit. I have 
 already given the testimony of his colleague, Dr. 
 Henry. I will add that of a few more witnesses. The 
 Hon. James L. Petigru, in his Semi-Centennial Address 
 says," Never will the charm of his eloquence be erased 
 from the memory on which its impression has once been 
 made. His elocution was equally winning and peculiar. 
 He spoke in the most deliberate manner ; his voice 
 was clear and gentle ; his action composed and quiet ; 
 yet no man had such command over the noisy sallies 
 of youth. The most riotous offender shrank from the 
 reproof of that pale brow and intellectual eye." The 
 Honorable Senator Evans, in a letter addressed to me, 
 
116 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 remarks, " that he was a wonderful man ; and take him 
 altogether, the greatest orator I have ever heard in the 
 pulpit." His Honor Judge O'Neall writes to me, that 
 "his addresses to the graduating classes, and his 
 sermons, were the finest specimens of eloquence and 
 truth to which it has been my privilege to listen." 
 Let me add my humble testimony to his power in the 
 pulpit, for I have had the privilege of seeing him in 
 the sacred desk. I was but a lad, with all the thought- 
 lessness and frivolity which generally mark the period ; 
 but young as I was, there was a something about him 
 which enchained my attenion. I can bear witness to 
 the commanding influence of his presence. I was but 
 six months under his administration. He was then the 
 subject of infirmities which, alas ! were soon to prove 
 fatal ; he appeared seldom in the chapel, and met the 
 class of which I was a member very irregularly. 
 Thirty-eight years have elapsed, but he lives before 
 me as if he was of yesterday. I am not aware that 
 any one who has written of Dr. Maxcy, has called 
 attention to him as a reader. I remember well its 
 peculiar excellence, and the impression which it made 
 upon me. I will not say that it was critically correct, 
 for I was not competent to pass a judgment in that 
 particular. But I will say that he threw into it the 
 very soul of eloquence ; that there was a music, a 
 flow, a cadence, which arrested the attention of the 
 thoughtless boy, and charmed, while it instructed. 
 How is it that I can call up passages and chapters 
 from the Bible which I heard him read in the chapel ? 
 There can be but one answer : there was a something 
 in that reading which was not possessed by other men. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 317 
 
 I shall never forget that I heard him read the llth 
 Chapter of St. Matthew, and when he uttered the 
 curse against Chorazin, Tyre ? and Sidon, and haughty 
 Capernaum, and declared tjie awful destruction which 
 was soon to overtake them, I felt that a prophet was 
 hefore me, fresh from the presence of his God. 
 
 What shall I say of him as a teacher ? I will not 
 say that he was unequalled ; but the united testimony 
 of all his pupils and colleagues justify the assertion 
 that he was never surpassed. In the South Carolina 
 College he was the Teacher of Belles Lettres and Criti- 
 cism, and Metaphysics. He was remarkable for the 
 clearness of his perception, and for the ease, facility 
 and precision of his expression. Dr. Henry has often, 
 in conversation with me, dwelt with rapture on this 
 part of his character. He has frequently said to me 
 that he would analyse a chapter in Kames or Locke 
 with more readiness than any man he ever saw, and 
 present all the material points of the discussion with a 
 perspicuity he has never seen equalled. What a guide 
 through the intricate labyrinths of metaphysical dis- 
 cussion ? How valuable to the students when, with 
 all their toil and all their labor, they could reach no 
 conclusion ! 
 
 "They found no end, in wandering mazes lost !" 
 
 I trust that it will not be regarded beneath the dig- 
 nity of my subject if I inquire whether he had wit or 
 humor, or relished it jn others ; whether he could tell 
 a good story, or enjoyed it when he heard it; whether 
 he could make others laugh, or could laugh himself. I 
 may be a poor analyst of the mind, and have a very 
 
118 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 inadequate knowledge of the elements which make up 
 the bulk of human character I may over-value some, 
 and place too low an estimate on others. Well, be it 
 so. Let others think as ,they may, but I am bold 
 enough to declare the opinion, that there never was an 
 amiable man who could not laugh. Whether Dr. 
 Maxcy indulged in wit or humor, or story-telling, I 
 cannot say ; but he could laugh heartily. In illus- 
 tration I give the following incident : In the summer 
 of 1819, he visited the village of Edgefield, where I 
 resided. At that time a certain Edmund Bacon lived 
 in the place. He was a lawyer by profession, and 
 nature was liberal to him in the gifts of a command- 
 ing person, and high intellectual endowments. Su- 
 peradded to this was a humor rarely possessed by 
 man. I may be pardoned for saying that he is the 
 "Ned Brace" of the "Georgia Scenes." He abounded 
 in stories and anecdotes, and dealt them out with mar- 
 vellously comic effect. He was indeed resistless. He 
 "would move wild laughter in the throat of death." 
 He was the prince of hospitality, and no man of note 
 ever visited the village without being invited to his 
 table. Dr. Maxcy was of course invited. After din- 
 ner, the guests being yet at the table, Mr. Bacon 
 began with his stories, and his inimitable representa- 
 tions. As he had before him an extraordinary man, 
 and a critic of rare acuteness, he put forth his high- 
 est powers, and was more than himself. The Doctor 
 was not slow to perceive his ^onderful genius, and 
 soon an overwhelming influence was passing over him. 
 Story after story was told in succession ; all that is 
 comic, all that is grotesque, all that is ludicrous in 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 119 
 
 human nature, was presented with the force of living 
 reality. The Doctor laughed, -and as the great actor 
 continued his representations, the pleasant emotion 
 gradually increased in intensity, until he lost all con- 
 trol. But it did not stop here. He laughed until 
 every muscle was convulsed, and until he produced 
 acute pain in his sides, and a sensation of languor and 
 exhaustion. His health, as the reader knows, was 
 delicate. Mr. B. was still going on. The company 
 became alarmed ; the Doctor's condition was now 
 serious. It was apprehended that, like another 
 Philemon, he might die of laughter. Mr. B. was 
 asked to desist. The Doctor was carried from the 
 house to recover from the effect. He was heard 
 afterwards to speak of Mr. Bacon as the most 
 wonderful man he ever met, and far surpassing all 
 the comic actors of ancient or modern times. 
 
 My sketch would be very incomplete if I failed to 
 speak particularly of his personal morality and Chris- 
 tian profession. These were in beautiful harmony with 
 the rest of his character. He was pure and upright in 
 his walk, and discharged with fidelity all his duties to 
 society. His religion was simple and unostentatious, 
 and had, as its only ornament, a meek and quiet spirit. 
 It was broad and catholic, and embraced all who love 
 the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. It was free from 
 dogmatism, and without the exclusiveness of secta- 
 rianism. He was a member of the Baptist denomina- 
 tion, and sincerely attached to its faith ; yet in his 
 conversations and discourses, he preferred not to dwell 
 on its distinctive peculiarities, but rather upon the 
 common grounds on which all Christians are agreed. 
 
120 HISTORY OP THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 His religion was amiable, and he was opposed on 
 principle to the spirit of controversy and intolerance. 
 As might be supposed, this led to reproaches upon 
 him, and he was accused by some of lukewarmness. 
 But he proved his Christian spirit by receiving the 
 calumnies in silence. 
 
 My task is nearly finished. I have endeavored to 
 give my reader a just idea of the first President of the 
 South Carolina College. I well knew the difficulty of 
 the undertaking ; but I trust that I have not failed 
 altogether. Others must judge whether I have 
 unveiled the sources of his power ; whether I have 
 removed any of the mystery by which his name and 
 his reputation are encircled. I have only to speak of 
 the last sad scene ; to view him upon the bed of death. 
 The reader has been informed already, that four days 
 before the melancholy event, he presided at a meeting 
 of the Faculty. Notwithstanding his long declin- 
 ing health, his death was sudden and unexpected, 
 and the intelligence produced a shock in every bosom. 
 His beloved pupils gathered around his venerated 
 body to look upon it for the last time, and the tear 
 which moistened every eye spoke the fervor of their 
 affection. Never shall I forget the scene. It still 
 lives, and will continue in my memory, amid the 
 mighty wreck of the past. I was invited by his son 
 Jonathan, then a student in College, to watch over his 
 body at night. Need I tell the emotions of a boy 
 who was now for the first time in the company of 
 Death ! I looked upon his pale face ; life was gone. 
 From the brilliant eye, now closed in death, no longer 
 shot forth the light of genius ; but his brow was serene, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 121 
 
 and he slept in peace. The Faculty assembled on the 
 morning of the 5th June, 1820, and passed appropriate 
 resolutions. Similar resolutions were adopted by the 
 students of the College. His body was borne to the 
 grave on the shoulders of his pupils, and committed to 
 the dust amid the heartfelt regrets of the vast assembly 
 who were present to do him honor. 1 should be 
 doing great injustice if I omitted to give the proceed- 
 ings of the Board of Trustees. At their first meeting 
 (November 29,) Dr. Henry, the Secretary of the 
 Faculty, communicated the sad intelligence, and I beg 
 leave to present the following extract, as it contains a 
 high and just eulogium upon his character : " Since we 
 last had the honor to address you, the relentless hand 
 of death has arrested our learned and excellent col- 
 league, Dr. Maxcy, in the midst of his career of glory 
 and usefulness. On the melancholy occasion of his 
 funeral, we felt it our indispensable duty to pay his 
 remains those painful and public marks of respect 
 which are usual on such occasions, and to which his 
 high reputation and his long and important services 
 peculiarly entitled him. In so doing we confidently 
 anticipated your entire approbation and concurrence, 
 and accordingly desired your treasurer to make the 
 requisite disbursements." The feelings of the Board 
 are sufficiently set forth in the following preamble and 
 resolutions, which were unanimously adoped : 
 
 " The Trustees of the South Carolina College, sen- 
 sible of the great loss which the Institution has sus- 
 tained in the death of the late venerable President, 
 the Kev. Dr. Maxcy, and, as some evidence of the 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 estimation and respect in which they hold his memory, 
 adopt the following resolutions : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Treasurer of the College, out of 
 the balance of the salary fund for the year 1820, do 
 pay to Mrs. Maxcy one quarter's salary in addition to 
 that he has already paid her. 
 
 " Resolved, That the governor be requested to lay 
 before the Legislature the wishes of the Board of 
 Trustees, that they would allow Mrs. Maxcy such an 
 annual sum of money as they may think sufficient for 
 the support of herself and the education of her 
 minor children." 
 
 But little more remains to be said. Professors, 
 Students, and Trustees, have now laid the richest 
 offerings upon the tomb of Maxcy. The halls of 
 learning, the sacred desk, shall know him no longer. 
 But his mission was accomplished, the College was 
 established, and a common fame is to unite them in 
 all time to come. He was now to give way to others. 
 Whatever the success of those who were to follow, 
 whatever the amount of genius, and learning, and 
 service, he was securely enshrined in the heart of the 
 State, and was to enjoy the proud distinction of being, 
 under God, the great pioneer in the noble work of 
 diffusing the blessings of education among her people. 
 
 One more offering was yet to be made by his beloved 
 pupils one more demonstration to be given of their re- 
 spect and confidence. I have now to add that the Clario- 
 sophic Society of the College erected in the centre of 
 the Campus a costly monument to his memory, with the 
 following inscription in Latin, composed by Dr. Henry : 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 123 
 
 West Face. 
 s. M. 
 
 REVERENDI . ADMODVM . VIRI 
 
 JONATHANIS . MAXCY . S . T . P . 
 
 COLLEGII . CAROLINAE . AVSTRALIS 
 
 PRINCIPIS . PRAEFECTI 
 RARIS . ET . PRAECELLENTIBVS . INGENII . DOTIBVS . FVLTVS . QVALES 
 
 VEL . SVMMIS . DIGNITATIBVS . CONSTITISSENT . AVSPICIO . BONO 
 
 HVJVS . INSTITYTI . PRAESES . RELATVS . EST . IN . IPSO . TEMPORIS 
 
 MOMENTO . CVM . SINGVLARIA . EJVS . MVNERA . MAXIME . ESSENT 
 
 ALVMNIS . EMOLVMENTO . AD . FINGENDOS . MORES . LITERARIOS 
 
 VEL . AD . CASTIGANDA . JVDICIA . NEC . NON . VIAM . QVA . APVD 
 
 HOMINES . GRATIAM . PARERENT . MONSTRANDO . ANIMOSQVE 
 
 EORVM . STVDIO . BONARVM . ARTIVM . INFLAMMANDO 
 TALIS . ERAT . PRAELECTOR . VT . IN . ILLO . NON . INGENII . VIS . NON . LVMINA 
 
 NON . VERBORVM . FELICITAS . NEC . DECORI . GESTVS . ILLECEBRAE . ET 
 
 AD . COMMOVENDOS . AFFECTVS . INSIGNITER . APTAE . DESIDERARENTVR 
 
 OFFICIVM . PRAECEPTORIS . TANTA . PERITIA . SVSTINEBAT . VT . DVM 
 
 SCIENTIAM . IMPERTIRET . SIMVL . ARTEM . VERA . INVESTIGANDI 
 ET . BENE . RATIOCINANDI . FACILI . AC . JVSTA . METHODO . DOCERET 
 
 East Face. 
 
 ADEO 
 
 BE . HABILEM COLLEGII . MODERATOREM . PRAESTITIT 
 
 VT . INTER . ALVMNOS . JVXTA . CONCORDIAM . AVCTORITATEMQVE 
 
 LEGVM . SERVARET . EVITANDO . SIMVL . DVRITIAM 
 
 CVRIOSAMQVE . NIMIS . EXPLORATIONEM 
 
 DOCTRINAE . CHRISTIANAE . ASSERTOR . IPSE . MITEM 
 
 EVANGELII . SAPIENTIAM . EXCOLEBAT . VIAMQVE . SA^LVTIS 
 
 SEMPITERNAE . ARGVMENTIS . EX . LIMATISSIMA 
 
 PHILOSOPHIA . PETITIS . TVEBATVR 
 HAVD . FACILE . ALIVM . INVENERIS . CVI . CONTIGIT . BENEFICIA 
 
 AVT . MAJORA . AVT . DIVTVRNIORA . ERGA . HANG . NOSTRAM 
 CIVITATEM . PROFERRE . NEMINEM . CERTE . QVEM . JVVENTVS 
 
 NOSTRA . PIA . AC . GRATA . MENTE . PERINDE . EXTOLLIT 
 PARENTEMQVE . STVDIORVM . REIPVBLICAE . FAVTOREM . CONCLAMAT 
 
 DESIDERIO . TANTI . VIRI . ET . IPSIVS . MEMORIA . BENEFICIORVM 
 
 PERCVLSA . FAMILIA . ACADEMICA . EX . APOLLINE . CLARIORVM 
 
 NVNCVPATA . CVJVS . OLIM . ILLE . SOCIVS . ERAT 
 
 H . M . P . C 
 
 South Face. 
 
 NATVS . IN . CIVITATE . MASSACHVSETTS 
 
 
 IV . NONAS . SEPTEMBRIS . M . DCC . LXVIII 
 
 North Face. 
 
 HIS . IN . AEDIBVS . ANIMAM . EFFLAVIT 
 
 PRIDIE . NONAS . JVNII . ANNOQVE . S . H . 
 
 M . DCCC . XX 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Vain, however, are all attempts to bestow immor- 
 tality by monuments of granite or of marble. He 
 lives in tEe history of the College ; he lives in the 
 bosom of his numerous pupils ; and when the monu- 
 mental stone, with its inscription, shall have crumbled 
 into dust, his name shall yet survive ; and time, which 
 destroys all the works of art, shall give him brighter 
 lustre and renown. 
 
 Christian Hanckel was born in Philadelphia, about 
 December 22d, 1789. His father was a practitioner 
 of medicine in that city, and emigrated with his family 
 from Germany in 1 784. He strongly sympathised with 
 the Quakers, and though not a professed member of the 
 sect, attended their worship, and required his children 
 to do the same. Dr. Hanckel received his academic edu- 
 cation at the University of Pennsylvania, and took his 
 degree there in June, 1810. He was admitted to Holy 
 Orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United 
 States at St. Michael's Church, Charleston, by the 
 Reverend Theodore Dehon, March 15th, 1813, and 
 immediately after, was invited to take charge of the 
 German Lutheran Church on Archdale Street. With 
 the advice and consent of the Bishop, he accepted the 
 invitation, but officiated as an Episcopal clergyman. 
 His health failed under the arduous duties of the 
 charge, and he was compelled to resign it at the expi- 
 ration of a year. Suffering from repeated hemorrhage 
 of the lungs, he was for a time withdrawn from the 
 pulpit. As soon as his health would allow, he officiated 
 a winter and spring in St. Luke's Parish, serving alter- 
 nately Coosawhatchie Court House, and the Episcopal 
 Church then standing near May river. He labored 
 
HISTOEY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 125 
 
 another winter and spring in Prince William's Parish, 
 and was the first clergyman to officiate in the Parish 
 Church after the Revolution. It was an occasion of 
 rare interest. The building was in ruins ; the walls, 
 and columns of the portico alone were standing sad 
 monument of the violence and lawlessness of those 
 times. The forest had resumed its sway, and the 
 interior was filled with a large growth of trees, which 
 had to be cut down by one of the parishioners. Boards 
 were placed on the stumps for seats, and with 
 no covering but the clear blue sky of a balmy 
 spring day, the man of God once more proclaimed to 
 a large and respectable audience, the glad tidings of 
 salvation. His text was taken from the 84th Psalm, 
 1st, 2d, and 3d verses. The resignation of Professor 
 Blackburn left vacant the Mathematical chair, and, 
 April 15th, 1815, he was elected Tutor of that 
 department. December 1st of that year, he was 
 elected to the Professorship. December 3d, 1819, he 
 resigned his Professorship, to take eifect in a year, and, 
 according to notice, left the College at the close of 
 1820. I believe that Dr. Hanckel, like Dr. Mont- 
 gomery, was mainly induced to connect himself with 
 the College by the hope that he could render efficient 
 service in building up the Church of his particular 
 communion at Columbia. I think that a chair in a 
 College never had any special attractions for him. 
 His whole soul is in the ministry, and with fidelity 
 has he devoted nearly a half century to his sacred 
 calling. Let it not be supposed, however, that he 
 neglected any duty connected with his department' in 
 the College, or that he was ever wanting in proper 
 8 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 zeal to advance the highest interests of the Institution. 
 With such a man such a course was impossible. Dr. 
 Maxcy, in his official reports to the Board of Trustees, 
 fully endorses the value of his labors. He retired 
 from the College to take charge of the congre- 
 gation of St. Paul's Church, Charleston, where he has 
 officiated ever since with great singleness of purpose, 
 and ability. His highest honor is to be found in the 
 love and attachment of such a congregation through so 
 long a period. He has now reached the good age of 
 three score and ten, and is probably the oldest 
 officiating clergyman in his diocese. Fully appreciated 
 for his exalted Christian character, having the advan- 
 tages of a large experience, distinguished for the sober- 
 ness of his counsel, and the soundness of his judgment, 
 few have exerted as large an influence over the 
 interests of the Episcopal Church, and for few will as 
 many tears be shed when it pleases* God to remove 
 him from the scene of his earthly labors. 
 
 At the meeting of the Trustees on the 29th of 
 November, William K. Clowiiey was elected Tutor, to 
 hold his office for twelve months. On the 2d of 
 December James Wallace was duly elected Professor 
 of Mathematics, to serve for one year. On the 15th 
 Dr. Cooper was elected President pro tempore, and the 
 duties of the office were divided between Dr. Cooper, 
 Professor Henry, and Professor Wallace ; and it was 
 resolved to give proper compensation, at a future day, 
 for such extra services. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The year 1821 is upon us. The gifted Maxcy is 
 no more ; Cooper is in the Chair of the Presidency, 
 and holds the reins of government. What a future 
 is before him ! He is to experience the extremes of 
 fortune. Caressed by the Board at the commence- 
 ment of his administration, almost idolized for his 
 genius and learning, he brings to his solemn charge 
 the prestige of a mighty name, and is permitted to 
 wield an almost irresponsible power. But, alas ! as 
 we pursue the thread of events, the scene becomes 
 chequered. He is to experience the saddest reverses, 
 and in his old age to have nothing left but the recol- 
 lection of honors now withheld, and glories now 
 departed. The proceedings of the Board for the year 
 have no peculiar interest except in the matter of the 
 elections. The new President was busy with his 
 work, and at the Spring meeting of the Trustees made 
 many suggestions for their consideration. These were 
 in reference to the Course of Instruction, and are not 
 deemed worthy of enumeration. It is important to 
 mention that it was now resolved; that hereafter the 
 Latin Salutatory Oration shall be the mark of the 
 first honor ; heretofore it had been the Valedictory. 
 On Deceinber 1st, the Board proceeded to the elec- 
 tion of a President. Dr. Cooper, the President pro 
 tempore, was now permanently elected. The Mathe- 
 matical Professorship being vacant, James Wallace, 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 who had been filling it temporarily, was elected, and 
 Win. K. Clowney, Tutor pro tempore, now received the 
 permanent appointment. Dr. Cooper carried with 
 him into the Presidency his former department of 
 Chemistry, and the Legislature was requested to 
 appropriate the salary allowed to the Professor of 
 Chemistry to the Professor of Belles Lettres and Meta- 
 physics. December 3d, the Board proceeded to the 
 election of a Professor of Geology and Mineralogy to 
 serve for one year, with a salary of one thousand dol- 
 lars. He was also required to perform the duties of 
 adjunct Professor of Chemistry. Lardner Vanuxem 
 was duly elected. Dr. Cooper had officiated at the 
 recent Commencement, and was requested by the 
 Board to furnish a copy of his Address to the gradu- 
 ates, for publication in pamphet form. The last act 
 of the year was to request the Governor to apply to 
 the Legislature for an appropriation of three thousand 
 dollars, for the purchase of Dr. Cooper's collection of 
 minerals for the use of the College. 
 
 There is very little of interest in the proceedings of 
 the Faculty for the year. The Commons Hall pro- 
 duced more than its usual disorder, and much of the 
 time of the Faculty was consumed in investigation^ 
 of assaults upon it. An officer of the College ^as 
 burnt in effigy, and equestrian exercises were quite 
 fashionable. There were at that time two horses in 
 the walls belonging respectively to Dr. Cooper and 
 Professor Park. Poor Blanche and Calico ! . Seven 
 and thirty years have passed since you bid adieu 
 to mortal scenes, but you are not forgotten. There 
 yet live those who remember your kindly nature, your 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 129 
 
 free and gentle spirit, your toil, your suffering, your 
 patient endurance of wrong. With the mention of 
 one case of discipline, I shall close the account of the 
 year. The penalty was peculiar. This morning, at 
 our Faculty meeting, we had just such a case, and 
 were puzzled what to do. Oh ! that I had known the 
 precedent ; but it was not until to-night that I made 
 the discovery. Let me say that our law declares that 
 no student shall leave the bounds of Columbia without 
 the permission of the President. But what are laws 
 without a penalty ? What punishment shall be in- 
 flicted for its violation ? That was the question jvhich 
 vexed us this morning. Here, then, is a precedent 
 which may serve us as a guide in all future times. A 
 student was charged with being absent from the Town 
 without permission. He confessed the fact, and the 
 Faculty determined to punish him with severity. It 
 was therefore resolved unanimously, " that he be re- 
 quired to construe and commit to memory twenty 
 lines of Virgil's ^Eneid, and not be seen out of the 
 Campus until he had done so." 
 
 The year 1822 opened with the most serious disor- 
 der. At a meeting of the Faculty in January, the 
 President announced the existence of a combination 
 *in the Junior Class, and that all, with the exception of 
 the monitor, had absented themselves from the two 
 o'clock recitation of the Monday previous. Thus early 
 commenced the troubles of the new administration 
 troubles which, as we shall see, were to increase with 
 time, and to have their consummation years afterwards 
 in the deepest convulsion. After due deliberation the 
 Faculty resolved unanimously, that the most lenient 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 course of proceeding would be to call them, and re- 
 quire them to sign a promise of more regular behavior 
 in future. The paper was submitted to the students, 
 and but few signed it. Objections were made to the 
 form of the pledge, and the Faculty, in the hope of 
 removing them, agreed to modify it. The hope 
 was vain. The majority of the students still re- 
 jected it, and the Faculty determined, under the circum- 
 stances, to call a meeting of such members of the 
 Board of Trustees as were in Columbia, and await the 
 result of their deliberations. The Trustees assem- 
 bled, .and his Excellency the Governor presided. 
 They addressed a letter to the recusant students, 
 " enforcing the propriety of their compliance," and 
 allowing them several days for consideration. The 
 period having expired, and the students not having 
 complied, the sentence of suspension was pronounced 
 against them. At the meeting of the Board in May, 
 the President reported fully the disturbances in the 
 College, with the action of the Faculty, and that action 
 was formally approved. At the meeting of November 
 29th, Mr. Porter, one of the Tutors, gave notice of resig- 
 nation. It seems that Dr. Cooper had been required 
 to teach the Belles Lettres, and the Board now 
 declared the Professorship of Chemistry vacant, and 
 advertised that an election t would take place at the 
 next stated meeting in November. Nothing of in- 
 terest occurs in the proceedings of the Faculty at the 
 close of the year. That the students were wholly in 
 the wrong in their issues with the Faculty, does not 
 admit of reasonable question. They were called upon 
 to give a pledge of future good conduct ; but they 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 131 
 
 refused. They deserved their punishment; the law 
 had to be maintained, or the College abandoned at 
 once. The rebellion was most unfortunate. It indi- 
 cated a bad temper on the part of the students ; and, 
 occurring almost at the commencement of a new 
 administration, shocked the public mind, and aroused 
 a feeling of doubt and distrust concerning its efficiency. 
 I care not how strong the case I care not what may 
 be the circumstances, the suspension of large numbers 
 is a sad necessity. True there are times when it must 
 be done, and the young men must know that numbers 
 will not give immunity. There may be occasions 
 when every thing must be sacrificed to the majesty of 
 the law, but what a mighty sacrifice is it! The 
 supreme authority may give a formal approval, may 
 pass a vote of thanks ; but yet the necessity stands 
 out as a startling calamity. And why to cripple an 
 Institution at least for years to blast the hopes of 
 its friends, and to strengthen the hands of its enemies 
 these surely are not small things. The administra- 
 tion did suffer then, from the recent rebellion. The 
 College was weakened, and yet the reflecting justi- 
 fied fully the punishment of the students. The year 
 was not one of success ; one-third of the young men 
 had been dismissed, and the future was looked to with 
 feelings of unusual apprehension. 
 
 I have now to sketch the history of the'year 1823. 
 Would that I could speak of it as furnishing a striking 
 contrast with the last ; as distinguished for its order 
 and quiet, and freedom from irregularities. The first 
 months of the year were distinguished for the repeated 
 removal of the steps of the public buildings. It is the 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 first notice of it in the proceedings of the Faculty, but 
 it is not the year in which the offence was inaugurated. 
 I have myself seen the whole Faculty walk a ladder to 
 enter the Chapel, and I shall never forget the amuse- 
 ment which it occasioned. This was in 1821. The 
 ascent in the old Chapel was something like six 
 feet, and to some the undertaking was difficult, and 
 not unaccompanied with peril. The President, D 
 Cooper, was very clumsy, and it was plainly to be seen 
 that he ever regarded it as an enterprise of great 
 hazard, and requiring for its execution great courage. 
 It was the day of wooden steps ; they were easily 
 removed, and the annoyance was of frequent occur- 
 rence. In recalling the incidents of my College life, I 
 can remember none which afforded more merriment, 
 and though it must be condemned, there was nothing 
 very atrocious about it. It was a popular amusement, 
 and time, instead of wearing it out, only strengthened 
 and confirmed it. It had so grown that by 1823, it 
 was for a period an exception for the Faculty to enter \y 
 the Chapel in the morning by any other way than up a 
 ladder ! But time was bringing its infirmities, and a 
 constantly increasing incapacity to perform the danger- 
 ous feat. What was to be done ? Were venerable men, 
 bowed down with the weight of years, to be compelled, 
 day by day, to perform this cruel service at the hazard 
 of their limbs, if not of their lives ! It was, indeed, an 
 ostracism of the old, and would work the saddest 
 results if not arrested. 
 
 Let the reader picture the scene to himself. The 
 whole College is assembled, and for what ! To see the 
 Faculty of the South Carolina College walk a ladder. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 133 
 
 First comes Henry; he is in the prime of life, strong 
 and active, and walks as if he had been trained in the 
 ancient school of Elis, and knew something of the 
 business. He makes his ascent in safety. Then 
 come the Tutors, who perform equally well. Wallace, 
 though not old, lacks confidence. He looks, he hesi- 
 tates, and surveys with the eye of a mathematician. He 
 calculates the distance, the angle, and calls up the 
 whole philosophy of falling bodies. He starts, the 
 line of gravity fluctuates, his body oscillates like a 
 pendulum, and he reaches the floor, reeling to and fro 
 like a drunken man. And there stands the good, the 
 meek and gentle Professor Park, with his large and 
 unwieldly frame. " Ah ! young gentlemen you should 
 not treat your Professors so. It is too bad ; you should 
 have pity. I am getting old; you do not respect our 
 position." Dr. Cooper was by his side. " Have you 
 forgotten, says he, the lesson taught us by your 
 favorite master, old Homer! 
 
 Forget we now our state and lofty birth ; 
 
 Not titles here, but works must prove our worth." 
 
 "But," says Dr. Park, "I am to teach Latin and 
 Greek; I am not a Professor of Gymnastics; I never 
 learned to walk a rope, or climb a ladder." Mighty 
 thoughts fill the bosom of Cooper. He knows not 
 what may be his fate. Wallace stands on his "proud 
 eminence," and, elated by the glory of his achievement, 
 cries out, " Come, Dr. Cooper, it is very asy? 
 
 " And one brave hero fans another's fire." 
 
 The Doctor had courage, and was never reluctant 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 to risk his life in the discharge of duty. He makes 
 the effort, but it is impossible. He has dared, and 
 angels can do no more. He staggers at the first round 
 of the ladder, and plants himself again upon terra 
 firma. But he must enter. He calls for help. He 
 asks Wallace to come down and aid him, but he 
 politely refuses. He renews his effort at ascent, but 
 again fails. He now retires, taking to himself the 
 consolation of a true philosopher, that he had put forth 
 his mightiest strength, and that he had only failed 
 because it was impossible. 
 
 The Chapel services are over, and the perilous 
 descent has to be made. To go down a ladder 'back- 
 wards is an awkward and ludicrous exhibition for 
 venerable and learned Professors, and the students 
 must be saved this part of the entertainment. Henry 
 prompts his comrades : 
 
 " Nor prompts alone, but leads himself the war." 
 
 He goes to the door, cries facile descensus, and boldly 
 makes the leap. 
 
 "The hero halts, and his associates waits." 
 
 The Tutors follow, and reach in safety. Wallace is 
 behind. " It is very high," says he ; " terrestrial gravity 
 is that force by which all bodies are continually urged 
 towards the centre of the earth. Its nature is 
 unknown. Some of its laws are well established. I 
 am a heavy man. It is proportional to the masses 
 of bodies. The law of acceleration is perfectly under- 
 stood, and before I reach the ground, my velocity will 
 be very great." He is aided in his 'descent, the force 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 135 
 
 of gravity is thus diminished, and he sustains no 
 injury. The welkin rings with the loud acclaim, and 
 the Professors now laugh heartily at the scene through 
 which they have just passed. 
 
 But the Faculty were soon to deal with something 
 far more serious. In April a gross offence was com- 
 mitted in the Chapel, and the proceedings of the 
 Faculty in reference to it shook the College to its 
 foundation. It was determined to interrogate each 
 student in reference to the commission of the act. 
 They were accordingly assembled, and the question 
 put. All but twenty-eight declined answering, and 
 suspension was pronounced against them. At the 
 April meeting of the Board, Dr. Cooper reported the 
 case fully, with the action of the Faculty. The 
 report of the President contains a most elaborate 
 argument against the crime of combination, and por- 
 trays its dangers with all that terseness and power of 
 language for which he was remarkable. And yet in 
 this paper he insists with earnest eloquence that the 
 penalty of suspension ought to be remitted. With 
 every respect I must maintain that his position is 
 indefensible; that his doctrine is one thing, and his 
 practice another. At the time of making his report, the 
 students had solemnly denied the right of the Faculty 
 to call upon them for exculpation. The authority of 
 the officers was put at open defiance. The President 
 states that the suspended students had held a meeting, 
 and resolved that the Faculty had no right to ask the 
 question ; that they would persist in their refusal, and 
 that they would not quit the College. A few reflec- 
 tions upon this case may not be out of place, as they 
 
136 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 have a bearing at all times upon the government and 
 discipline of the Institution. 
 
 First, The offence was of a degrading and dis- 
 honoring nature, and every right-minded student 
 should have been anxious for an opportunity to have 
 acquitted himself at once of it. It was not the time 
 to battle for an abstract principle, but to maintain the 
 cause of decency. 
 
 Second, They were wrong in the law, for the Faculty 
 had the grant of express authority. 
 
 Third, It is better to allow this privilege of excul- 
 pation than to pursue the practice, as urged by Dr. 
 Cooper, of Northern Colleges, where students are made 
 in all cases to testify against each other. Talk as we 
 may, the tendency of such a system is degrading. It 
 puts a spy in every room, excites suspicion, and 
 destroys confidence. In the former case, every 
 student is arraigned at the bar of his own conscience. 
 It cultivates the love of truth, and by augmenting the 
 sense of individual responsibility, saves a most important 
 principle, and builds up a manly and noble indepen- 
 dence of character. In proof of it I point to the whole 
 experience of the College from that day to the present. 
 
 Fourth, It is difficult to carry out the law against 
 large numbers, and sound policy demands that it be 
 resorted to as seldom as possible. But one young man 
 may have committed an offence, and under the opera- 
 tion of the law scores of the best and most exemplary 
 students are arraigned, and have the charge preferred 
 against them. To many this is offensive, and then: 
 feelings revolt instinctively at it. The Faculty should 
 strive to isolate and curtail the numbers as much as 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 137 
 
 possible. It is obvious that it is very liable to abuse. 
 If applied at all times, and our young men tell the truth, 
 (as I know they will,) no- offence can possibly escape 
 detection. It was designed to be applied only in 
 extreme cases. In the present instance the Faculty 
 appealed to it; and was that appeal proper? I answer 
 it was, unless it is never right. Having taken their 
 position, they were bound to maintain it, let the con- 
 sequences be what they may, or the law would be 
 covered with contempt. 
 
 The Trustees declared that the students had acted 
 inconsistently with their duty, and injured the char- 
 acter of the College, in refusing to comply with the 
 requisitions of the Faculty ; and they left it to them 
 to pursue any course they thought proper. 
 
 The Minutes of the Faculty record that, May 5th, 
 the students gave up the name of the person who had 
 committed the offensive act, and the Faculty then 
 resolved, "that the students who had before refused to 
 exculpate themselves, be now restored to full standing 
 in the College." Thus ended this serious disturbance. 
 The year closed peacefully. The Faculty passed ten 
 young gentlemen to their degree, but four of these 
 forfeited their diploma by declining to perform their 
 exercise, and thus the graduating class was reduced to 
 six. Upon the whole, the year was an unhappy one 
 for the College. Nothing was added to its reputation, 
 but it lost no small portion of the public confidence. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, Nov. 27, 
 Alpheus Baker was elected Tutor. 
 
 All hail to the year 1824 ! It was a year of quiet. 
 Judging by the minutes of the Faculty, (and I have 
 
138 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 no other means of judging,) it had no very decided 
 character. It is wanting very much in events. There 
 are no stirring incidents, no riot, no combination, no 
 flagrant violation of law, except in a single instance. 
 One or two students only are suspended, and one ex- 
 pelled. It is a smooth sea, without gale enough to 
 disturb the surface. Prayers and recitations, and reci- 
 tations and prayers, and the weekly examination of 
 the monitors' bills these make up pretty much the 
 year's history. Nor is this to be complained of, if the 
 duties are well discharged. There is no report for the 
 year of the state of the College, either from the Presi- 
 dent or the Faculty; certainly the records of the 
 Board give not the slightest intimation of it. I must 
 call attention again to the infliction of a singular pen- 
 alty by the Faculty, which I had occasion to notice 
 on a former occasion. Perhaps it worked well when 
 first applied, and the Faculty, taking encouragement, 
 determined to avail themselves more freely of it. Two 
 students "were discovered shooting guns at the back 
 of the Town," and were called up, seriously admon- 
 ished, and "required each to get fifty lines of Virgil's 
 -/Eneid by heart, and to repeat them to the Faculty at 
 their next meeting on Monday next." April 24, 
 James Divver was elected Tutor of Mathematics. 
 December 7, Henry J. Nott was elected Professor of 
 the Elements of Criticism, Logic, and the Philosophy 
 of Languages. The effect of the year must have been 
 favorable to the College. It must have dispelled some 
 of the doubts, and given to some extent a sense of 
 security. The President worked faithfully, and strove 
 with all his power to augment its usefulness. Nor 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 139 
 
 were the Trustees idle. Schemes to revise the laws, 
 and provide for a better government, to abolish certain 
 studies, and introduce others, were severally discussed, 
 and presented in elaborate reports. I know that some 
 of these were urged by Dr. Cooper; nor is he nor any 
 one else to be blamed for it. He had his peculiar 
 views of education, and had a right to entertain them. 
 No doubt they were the result of sincere conviction, 
 and nothing is more natural than that he should desire 
 to carry them out, and infuse them into the popular 
 mind. 
 
 The year 1825 does not present the same degree 
 of order as that which I have just considered. Early 
 in February students were arraigned for grave offences 
 committed in the Town, in the Commons, and the 
 Library. A little later the minutes of the Faculty 
 record the fact of "a variety of disturbances which 
 had recently taken place in College." The Board of 
 Trustees had an occasional meeting in April, and the 
 President communicated the state of the College, the 
 condition of the Commons, the dilapidation of the 
 buildings, the dispute between the Librarian and a 
 student, and the recent conduct of an officer. The 
 President left the State early in the summer, and did 
 not return until December. Professor Henry, by 
 appointment of the Board, officiated at Commence T 
 ment. The Faculty report well of the examination 
 at the close of the year; and, in truth, 1825 went out 
 far better than it begun. The year is signalized by 
 the graduation of a class of uncommon talent. This 
 is its glory. I am sorry to record that in 1826 
 there was a general rebellion of the students. It 
 
140 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 arose from a most trifling cause. They refused 
 to attend prayers and recitations on account of a 
 rain. The President reports that he walked through 
 it "without any inconvenience," and yet they de- 
 clined to attend his recitation, and resisted a sum- 
 mons sent by him through the Monitor. This 
 was met by a " friendly expostulation " in the Chapel 
 on the part of the Faculty, and the affair was ter- 
 minated. But a more serious disturbance was ahead. 
 In May a student was suspended, and this led to a 
 combination not to attend recitations until he received 
 a hearing. It appears, upon future investigation, that 
 he was innocent of the offence with which he was 
 charged. A leading member of the Board interceded, 
 and by his mediation a committee of students was 
 permitted to appear before the Faculty, and the 
 student was allowed a hearing. The matter was sub- 
 mitted to the Board. They condemn the intemperate 
 and misguided proceedings of the students in organiz- 
 ing and maintaining a rebellion to obtain redress for 
 grievances, whether real or imaginary, instead of seek- 
 ing their removal by the constituted authorities. This 
 is a sound principle, and furnishes a safe guide for 
 students under all circumstances. The innocence of 
 the student was clearly established, he was re-admitted 
 to his class, and thus peace was again restored. But 
 the Faculty are not wholly blameless. A mistake was 
 made, an innocent man was punished, and thereby the 
 College thrown into rebellion. Why did he not have the 
 privilege of a hearing as soon as suspicion fastened 
 upon him ? Why was the usage of the College in this 
 respect ignored? But he was not only denied this, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 141 
 
 but not permitted to prove his innocence by witnesses. 
 The course of the Faculty, then, was a practical abo- 
 lition of a principle; an innovation upon usages 
 solemnly recognized ; a denial of justice as adminis- 
 tered through its customary channel, and an odious 
 and degrading discrimination against an individual. 
 The young are not as the old, and they rarely resort 
 for redress of wrongs to those means which belong to 
 graver counsels, and a more matured experience. 
 
 But the year which I am now to sketch, the year 
 1827, is pregnant with events far more serious. On 
 the 27th of February, Dr. Cooper informed the Faculty 
 that a committee of students had waited upon him, 
 and informed him that a large majority of their 
 whole number had resolved to secede from Commons 
 from the first of March. This was indeed a fearful 
 announcement. After full discussion, it was resolved 
 to consult such members of the Board as were in 
 Town, and abide by their advice. Dr. Cooper made a 
 a full report of the difficulty. Pie had addressed the 
 students in the chapel, and endeavored to persuade 
 them to reconsider the matter, and return to their 
 allegiance. The Faculty had to do their duty, and 
 the course was obvious. They were informed that 
 there was no alternative left but to suspend, and 
 report for expulsion at the next stated meeting 
 in November, all those students who persisted in the 
 present design. The Faculty met the offence boldly. 
 After the resolution of suspension was formally 
 announced, many engaged in the combination peti- 
 tioned for restoration to their classes. It was unani- 
 mously resolved that no student of the Senior Class 
 9 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 who was thus engaged, should again be admitted to 
 the College. All the members of the other classes 
 who were received, were required to sign a pledge that 
 they would not enter into, or countenance in any way, 
 any future combination to oppose or disobey the laws 
 of the College. The storm was now past. There was 
 quiet for the rest of the session; the Examinations 
 were held in June, and the Faculty speak well of them. 
 The College assembled in October, and from that period 
 to the close of the year, the records furnish no proof 
 of any offence whatever. Let me now advert to the 
 proceedings of the Board. November 3, Mr. Vanuxem 
 resigned his Professorship ; and at the same meeting 
 Mr. Baker gave notice of the resignation of his Tutor- 
 ship. December 5, Isaac W. Hayne was elected Tutor 
 of Mathematics. The graduating class numbered 
 twelve; twenty-four Seniors were expelled, and the 
 members of the other classes reported for expulsion 
 were remitted to the tender mercies of the Faculty, 
 to do with them as in their judgment they thought 
 best. Dr. Cooper having assumed, in addition to his 
 present duties, the Professorship of Mineralogy with- 
 out additional compensation, it was resolved to elect 
 an assistant with a salary of five hundred dollars. On 
 going into a ballot for that purpose, Kobert Wilson 
 Gibbes was duly elected, December 15th. John E. 
 Davis was elected Tutor, December 18, in place of 
 Mr. Baker. The year has now closed, and it was 
 certainly a disastrous one to the College. The Faculty 
 seem to have done their full duty, and are entitled to all 
 praise. The discipline was sternly enforced the great- 
 est harmony pervaded their counsels, and they gave to 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 143 
 
 all their acts the sanction of their full authority. It 
 was certainly a time of trial, and they were deeply 
 impressed by the responsibilities of theft position. No 
 blame can possibly attach to them ; but the spirit of 
 rebellion had Jmrst forth in its wild fury, large num- 
 bers of students were lost, and distrust seized upon 
 the public mind. 
 
 I shall now proceed to give some account of a gen- 
 tleman of great worth, and large attainments in a 
 particular walk of science, whose name even is 
 unknown to a large portion of my readers. He was 
 distinguished for his modesty, devoted .himself to pur- 
 $uits which at the time were not properly appreciated 
 in our community, and left the College for his distant 
 home at the North upwards of thirty years ago. I 
 had some acquaintance with him, have distinct im- 
 pressions of the man, and, I trust, will be aided thereby 
 in the sketch which I shall now give of him. From 
 the memoir of his friend, Dr. Isaac Lea, from 
 the records of the Board of Tustees, and my own 
 recollections, I trust I shall be able to do something 
 like justice to his memory. 
 
 Lardner Yanuxem was born in the city of Phila- 
 delphia in the year 1792 or 1793. He was the son 
 of James Yanuxem, an eminent merchant. His 
 father placed him in his counting room, but soon 
 perceived that his son was engaged in pursuits of a 
 far different nature. Though discharging with proper 
 fidelity the duties imposed upon him, he devoted his 
 leisure hours to the study of Chemistry, Mineralogy, 
 and Geology. The father was not backward in 
 encouraging the peculiar taste and genius of his son. 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 He was now permitted to take a course of Chemical 
 lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, and, 
 pleased with his progress, he sent him to Paris, where 
 he remained three years at the School of Mines, receiv- 
 ing instruction from Broigniart, the . Abbe Hauy, 
 Thenard and others. He was a great favorite with 
 these distinguished savans, and Dr. Lea records that 
 when he visited Paris fourteen years afterwards, they 
 made the most anxious inquiries in respect to him, 
 and spoke of him as one of their most successful and 
 promising students. After completing his studies in 
 Paris, he visited some of the most interesting portions 
 of France, making his geological excursions chiefly on 
 foot. Shortly after his return home, he was intro- 
 duced by Dr. Lea to Dr. Cooper, who was then the 
 Teacher of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology in the 
 South Carolina College. Dr. Cooper had indulged the 
 idea for some time that the interests of the College 
 demanded the establishment of a separate Professor- 
 ship of Geology and Mineralogy, and at the meeting 
 of the Board of Trustees, December 2d, 1820, it was 
 resolved unanimously that application be made to the 
 Legislature, at its next session, to establish such a Pro- 
 fessorship, with a salary of one thousand dollars. I 
 am not entirely certain, but I think that Professor 
 Vanuxem took part in the instruction of the College, 
 as an adjunct of Dr. Cooper, before the resolution was 
 acted on by the Legislature. Upon the elevation of 
 Dr. Cooper to the Presidency, he resigned his Profes- 
 sorship of Geology and Mineralogy, and December 3d, 
 1821, Mr. Vanuxem was duly elected to serve for one 
 year, with a salary of one thousand dollars. With 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 145 
 
 this small compensation he continued to labor with 
 great industry and zeal until April 28th, 1824, 
 when he tendered his letter of resignation, to take 
 effect on the 3d December ensuing. In the mean 
 time, however, there was presented a prospect 
 for the increase of his salary, and November 30th, 
 1824, he addressed a letter to the Board, in which 
 he gives the reason for his resignation, and suggests a 
 new field of labor for himself, which, while it will 
 bring a better salary, will, as he conceives, enhance 
 very much the value of his services to the jState. 
 This letter is important, as it contains the first sug- 
 gestion of a Geological and Mineralogical Survey of 
 the State. It was proposed to connect it with the 
 office then held by him. He asks the Board before it 
 accepts his resignation, to consider the propriety and 
 expediency of making application to the Legislature 
 for that purpose. We learn from the letter the precise 
 character of the survey which he proposed, and which 
 was partially accomplished. " I propose,'*says he, " to 
 make a thorough examination of each District of the 
 State as to its rocks, minerals, and fossils; to collect 
 specimens of every different kind that comes under 
 notice in the different Districts, and to arrange the 
 same by Districts in the South Carolina College, giving 
 to each specimen its name and its location-, and also 
 to mark on the map of the State the rocks as they 
 exist, and such valuable minerals as may have been 
 noticed." The Board of Trustees looked with favor 
 upon the scheme, and upon its recommendation the 
 Legislature made an appropriation for two years. 
 The survey was not completed, but the rocks and 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAKOLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 minerals collected amounted to upwards of five 
 hundred, and were deposited by him in the Cabinet of 
 the College. 
 
 I have been permitted to read a letter from Professor 
 Vanuxem to Dr. R. W. Gibbes, dated Bristol, March 
 29th, 1845, and from it I make the following extract: 
 " I am sorry to hear from Mr. Tuomey, that the collec- 
 tion I left at Columbia of the only year given to the 
 Survey of the State, has, in a great measure, disap- 
 peared ; and that the map of the State, colored to the 
 exten of the parts examined, in accordance with its 
 rocks, &c., and which I nailed to the wall of the 
 lecture-room, is not to be found." 
 
 Professor Vanuxem continued his connection with 
 the College until November 3d, 1827, when he ten- 
 dered his resignation, with the request that the for- 
 mality of notice be dispensed with, "as he had lately 
 received an appointment both honorable and profit- 
 able, and his services were immediately required." 
 The request was granted, and thus terminated his 
 useful labors in the College. The appointment to 
 which allusion is here made, was the superin tendency 
 of a gold mine, near the City of Mexico, belonging to 
 a Baltimore Company. He repaired to the spot, and 
 took up his residence at the mines. He satisfied him- 
 self that it could not be worked to advantage, and 
 communicating this opinion to the Company, the mine 
 was abandoned, and he returned to his native city 
 after an absence of eighteen months. He purchased 
 a farm near Bristol, to which he retired with his 
 family. He now devoted himself to agricultural pur- 
 suits, but even then found leisure to bring around him 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 147 
 
 a choice collection of minerals. But his highest glory 
 was yet to be achieved. The knowledge of such a 
 man must be brought out more palpably to the light 
 of day. There were those who, amid the veil of 
 modesty which concealed him from common view, 
 could yet perceive his sterling worth and rich endow- 
 ments. He was solicited by Governor Marcy of New 
 York to take part in the Geological Survey of that 
 State. To that great labor of science he devoted 
 himself for five or six years. All who are competent 
 to form an opinion, have declared that he executed 
 his task with unsurpassed ability. According to Lea, 
 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Philadelphia, 1858, p. 218,) 
 Vanuxem was the first to recognise that the whole 
 alluvial, tertiary and cretaceous formations of this 
 country had been confounded by McClure, under the 
 name of "Alluvium" The separation of these great 
 Geological formations from one another by Vanuxem, 
 must be looked upon as one of the most important 
 steps in the history of American Geology ; in fact, as 
 the very foundation of Scientific Geology in this coun- 
 try. This important step was the result of the careful 
 study of these formations in France, and an equally 
 careful comparison of American fossils with the 
 French. Like all important discoveries in science, 
 therefore, it was made under the guidance of the true 
 inductive spirit. The views of Yanuxem have been 
 confirmed, first by Morton, and since by all American 
 Geologists; and from year to year new explorations 
 demonstrate the vast extent of these formations in the 
 United States. 
 
 I have not much more to add. He was through 
 
148 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 life a frequent contributor to the scientific journals 
 of the country, and in the announcement of his death, 
 Silliman's journal remarks that, " American science has 
 rarely been deprived of a more able devotee than the 
 late Prof. Lardner Vanuxem." He died at his farm 
 near Bristol, January 25th, 1848, in the 56th year of his 
 age. My imperfect memoir is concluded. It contains 
 less than is already known to his many friends at the 
 North; but it will be pleasing to them to learn that 
 one who occupies a Chair in the Institution where he 
 labored a third of a century ago, has honestly en- 
 deavored to perpetuate his name and his fame in a 
 distant land. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The year 1828 is remarkable for its good order. 
 The records of the Faculty give but one offence which 
 was worthy of discipline. Considering the smallness 
 of the numbers, it was resolved that it would be better 
 not to publish a Catalogue for the year. The Presi- 
 dent, in his reports to the Board, speaks in highest 
 terms of the conduct of the students, and their general 
 proficiency. John R. Davis, who was filling tempo- 
 rarily the place of Tutor, was re-elected November 28. 
 The Commons system now attracted the special atten- 
 tion of the Board. A committee, consisting of Chan- 
 cellor DeSaussure, the Honorable William Harper, 
 and the Honorable W. C. Preston, which had been 
 appointed at a previous meeting, made a long report. 
 It is an able, well-reasoned and thorough discussion of 
 the matter. The testimony of every respectable Col- 
 lege in the country is adduced, and the whole body of 
 it is opposed to the system. The committee declare 
 that, " in most cases where the system of College dis- 
 cipline has obliged the students to board in Commons, 
 discontent and disorder have followed, and wherever 
 the students have their option to board either at 
 Commons or at private houses, order and satisfaction 
 have prevailed." The Board resolved that the stu- 
 dents who may be authorized in writing by their 
 parents and guardians, may board in such private 
 families, and at such private boarding houses within 
 
150 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the Town of Columbia, as may be licensed in writing 
 by the Faculty. 
 
 On looking at the proceedings of the Faculty for 
 1829, I see nothing which forbids the following lan- 
 guage of Dr. Cooper, which is contained in his report 
 to the Board of Trustees, dated November 29 : " The 
 affairs of the College, during the last year, have gone 
 on much as usual. The usual Course of Studies 
 has been pursued, and the usual proficiency made." 
 It is worthy of mention that a Mr. Michaelowitz 
 had been engaged during the period in teaching 
 Hebrew and French to Classes in the College. The 
 Faculty, in November, " recommended to the Board 
 of Trustees the establishment of a provision for teach- 
 ing the Hebrew and Arabic and Modern Languages, 
 and that to this end, a Teacher of the said Languages 
 be attached to the College;" and Mr. Michaelowitz 
 was nominated for the purpose. The measure is 
 strongly urged by Dr. Cooper in his report. A reso- 
 lution was passed requesting the Governor to apply to 
 the Legislature for an appropriation of one thousand 
 dollars per annum as a salary for the adjunct Professor 
 of Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy, the compen- 
 sation for the services of the present assistant being 
 regarded wholly inadequate. The last act of the 
 Board for the year was the appointment of Mr. 
 Michaelowitz, Teacher of Oriental Literature, and 
 Modern Languages, with a salary of $600 per annum. 
 
 Lest it might be supposed that the Latin had not in 
 that day the prominence to which it is entitled, I beg 
 leave to give the following resolutions of the Faculty, 
 passed December 28 : 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 151 
 
 " Resolved unanimously, That in future no certificate 
 shall be accepted from any Teacher unless written in 
 Latin. Also, that applicants for admission shall 
 address themselves in writing in the Latin language 
 to the Faculty, and that this exercise shall be per- 
 formed in the presence of the Faculty." 
 
 The reader will remember how frequently I have 
 had to record in these pages, disturbances originat- 
 ing in the Commons ; and that with the view of pro- 
 moting greater peace and quiet, the Trustees, in 1828, 
 gave permission to the students, under certain limita- 
 tions, to board elsewhere. These limitations would 
 seem to be entirely proper. The permission was to 
 be asked by the parent or guardian ; students were 
 not to board at hotels or taverns, and the houses were 
 to be licensed by the Faculty. What more could be 
 asked? and yet, according to the report of Dr. Cooper, 
 the new plan " produced such other mischiefs that we 
 must conquer them, or recur to the former arrange- 
 ment, at whatever risk." This, then, was the chief 
 trouble of 1830. There were other " disturbances, 
 dissatisfactions and mischievous proceedings; but, 
 according to the report, none more than may be 
 expected from one hundred and fifteen young men, 
 most of whom have been very negligently managed, 
 before they came here." So writes Dr. Cooper, and 
 I will make it the text for a remark. My own obser- 
 vation satisfies me that the College is charged with 
 ruining many who come to it with confirmed habits of 
 idleness and immorality. Parents must visit the sins 
 of their sons upon some one, and most readily will 
 
152 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 they lay them upon the College if they ever breathed 
 for a month its polluted atmosphere. I grant that it 
 is sometimes the case that a good youth is injured in 
 College ; but it is rare. If he comes with all the 
 defences which a good training at home will throw 
 around him, it is never to be expected that he will 
 fall a victim to evil influences. The wise counsels of 
 a father, the affectionate and pious lessons of a mother, 
 cannot be so easily forgotten. There is certainly, too, 
 something in the earnest advice and constant admoni- 
 tion of his instructors ; and, moreover, there is a large 
 number among his fellow students and daily associates 
 who sympathise with him in his virtuous affections. 
 I insist, then, that it is no terrible ordeal to a 
 good youth ; that the dangers are grossly exagge- 
 rated ; and that every parent who has done his 
 duty at home, and sends a virtuous boy to College, 
 may expect him to return with his intellect enlarged 
 and expanded, and his morals strengthened and 
 confirmed. Could I believe that a College was a 
 school of vice, that it was a mighty whirlpool which 
 engulfed thousands of the innocent and unsuspecting, I 
 would warn every parent against it. But, whatever 
 may be it faults, its encourages an elevated ambition ; 
 it rebukes every thing that is low and despicable, and 
 fosters the very virtues which, in their proper develop- 
 ment, are sure to build up a manly And noble 
 character. I may surprise some of my readers, but I 
 hesitate not to declare that the College saves far more 
 than it ruins ; that its system, its hopes, its rewards, 
 its discipline, its whole body of influences, not unfre- 
 quently exert a wholesome effect upon the wild and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 153 
 
 thoughtless youth, and accomplish a work to which 
 the parent is incompetent. And how can it be other- 
 wise ? Would it not be strange if it were not so ? 
 Surely there must be something in that system which 
 cultivates habits of punctuality and promptitude 
 in the discharge of duty ; which furnishes regular 
 employment; which holds up to the admiring eye 
 of youth the priceless gem of knowledge, that they 
 may strive for it, and make it their own; which affords 
 as guides, men who have travelled the way, and there- 
 fore know all its devious wanderings, and who, day 
 by day, and in every possible form, inculcate those 
 great truths which lie at the basis of all excellence, 
 and constitute alike the glory of States, and the beauty 
 of individual character. If there be nothing in all this, 
 then all human contrivances for the ends of educa- 
 tion are worse than useless; and Schools, Academies, 
 Colleges, and Universities, should be looked upon as 
 engines of mischief, and fall beneath the mighty tread 
 of modern civilization. The spirit of fault-finding ex- 
 hibited by some persons, reminds me of the way in 
 which Lord Peter treated his father's will in the 
 "Tale of the Tub." Determined to discover the word 
 "shoulder-knot," he picks it out letter by letter, 
 and is even at last obliged, to substitute c for k in 
 the orthography. 
 
 There are in College life temptations to dissipation ; 
 but these temptations are at hand at every step of the 
 journey of life, and no where else, perhaps, are they 
 met by more powerful counteracting influences. A 
 judicious writer of former times, in a defence of female 
 education remarks, that the woman who would be 
 
154 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 spoiled by being educated, would be spoiled any how ; 
 and I think the remark may be extended to the youth 
 wiio are spoiled by being sent to College. I would 
 hold all public functionaries to a strict responsiblity ; 
 but let not the community expect impossibilities of a 
 Faculty. In as large a number as are assembled in 
 the walls, there must be some who have no regard for 
 the laws. It has been so under every administration, 
 and will so continue in all time to come. A College 
 perfect in all respects, where the love of study per- 
 vades the bosoms of all, and where the conduct is 
 regulated by the most rigid exactions of morality, is 
 nothing less than an Utopian dream. The Professors 
 are not mere spiritual existences, but men ; and like 
 all their species, they must eat and sleep, and be 
 obedient to nature. Refreshment and repose are as 
 necessary to them as to others. Some persons seem 
 to forget this. I was present when the pews of a 
 Church were about being distributed, and it was pro- 
 posed to assign the pew immediately under the pulpit 
 to the family of the clergyman. The late Dr. Henry 
 objected, with the remark, that the wives and daughters 
 of ministers had necks as well as other people a plain 
 truth which, for the moment, seemed to have been lost 
 sight of. The reader will make the application. Dr. 
 Cooper, in his last report for the year, truly says : " that 
 the discipline of the College is the only circumstance of 
 difficulty attending the duties of the Faculty. There 
 is no season of the year in which it does not come 
 before them as a subject of intense anxiety, on which 
 their own comfort, as well as the welfare of the College, 
 essentially depends. No one can know the facts, or 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 155 
 
 be alive to the remedies, or be in any degree so 
 anxious on this head, as the Faculty." 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, November 24, Tutor 
 Davis gave notice of resignation. 
 
 The year 1831 is an eventful one not that it 
 abounded in disorder not that it brought great 
 changes in the internal polity and regulations of the 
 College, but eventful in its bearing upon the history 
 and fortunes of the distinguished individual who had 
 for so many years filled the Presidency. The first 
 meeting of the Board was on the 30th of November. 
 Tutor Hayne then gave notice that he would resign 
 his office on the 1st of January succeeding. Dr. 
 Cooper, in his report, says that the business of the 
 College has gone on as usual; that the number of 
 students is 114, and that their conduct is better than 
 formerly. December 3d, Lewis R. Gibbes was elected 
 Tutor. The most interesting event of the year is the 
 adoption of the following resolution by the House of 
 Representatives, which was communicated to the 
 Board by the Governor : 
 
 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 
 
 December 7th, 1831. 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this House it is 
 expedient that the Board of Trustees of the South 
 Carolina College do forthwith investigate the conduct 
 of Dr. Cooper, as President of the South Carolina Col- 
 lege, and if they find that his continuance in office 
 defeats the ends and aims of the Institution, that they 
 be requested to remove him. The following resolu- 
 tion was adopted by the Board : Whereas, it is alledged 
 
156 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 that Dr. Cooper has, by the promulgation of certain 
 opinions, become odious to a large and respectable 
 portion of the people of this State, and the College has 
 sustained injury from this circumstance: Resolved, 
 That the Board proceed to -inquire whether Dr. 
 Cooper has wilfully and unneccessarily promulgated 
 any opinions which are justly offensive to any con- 
 siderable portion of the people of this State ; whether 
 from them any injury has resulted to the College ; 
 whether this injury can be remedied without the 
 removal of Dr. Cooper, and whether the conduct of 
 Dr. Cooper in the premises has been such as to consti- 
 tute misconduct for which he should be removed. 
 The matter was referred to a Committee of five, with 
 instructions to investigate what charges are made 
 against Dr. Cooper, and report to the Board specifica- 
 tions of the charges made against him. The Commit- 
 tee were also instructed to furnish Dr. Cooper with a 
 copy of the charges and specifications. The Com- 
 mittee made their report on the 14th December, and 
 Dr. Cooper at the same time transmitted an elaborate 
 reply. The further consideration of the charges was 
 postponed until the meeting in May, to allow Dr. 
 Cooper to procure the attendance of certain witnesses. 
 Thus terminated the year. The President was arraigned, 
 not only before the Board of Trustees, but at the bar 
 of public opinion. From the very nature of the issues, 
 every man felt himself a party. The first gun had 
 been fired, and blood had been spilt. There was to 
 be no compromise; time and reflection were only to 
 widen the breach, and to intensify the feeling of 
 opposition. The College had become more than ever 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 157 
 
 an object of interest, and the cry of " revolution," "re- 
 organization," was now beginning to be heard through- 
 out the length and breadth of the land. 
 
 The proceedings of the Faculty for 1832 are without 
 special interest. On turning to the records of the 
 Board of Trustees, I perceive that they assembled on 
 the 16th of May, and that the case of Dr. Cooper was 
 resumed, but it was resolved that it would be unad- 
 visable to proceed with so small a quorum. A 
 Committee was appointed for the purpose of taking the 
 testimony of the witnesses in attendance, and for 
 taking by interrogatory the testimony of those absent 
 witnesses whose names had been given to the Board. 
 The order of the College seems to have been good. 
 Dr. Cooper, in his report of November, assures the 
 Board that since their last meeting there has been 
 less riot and disturbance within the walls than at any 
 former period. The Catalogue of Students for the 
 year amounted to 107, and of these 14 had taken 
 dismissions. November 28th, Professor Henry gave 
 notice of the resignation of his Chair, to take effect in 
 twelve months. December 4th, the Board proceeded 
 to the investigation of the charges against Dr. Cooper, 
 being convened at the Hall of the House of Represen- 
 tatives. Dr. Cooper was present. The testimony 
 taken by commission was read, and he commenced his 
 very elaborate defence. At an adjourned meeting of 
 December 5th, he concluded it. The Board again 
 convened at the College Library on the 8th, and 
 though there was a strong dissenting opinion, the 
 trial was terminated by the adoption of the following 
 resolution : 
 10 
 
158 HISTOKY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Resolved, That no charges against Dr. Cooper, 
 showing th'at his continuance in office defeats the ends 
 and aims of the Institution, or authorizing his removal, 
 have been substantiated by proof, and that the charges 
 against him be therefore dismissed. December llth, 
 Edward "W. Johnston was elected Teacher of Modern 
 Languages. 
 
 The Board, as has just been stated, had disposed of 
 the charges against Dr. Cooper; but its action served 
 not to remove the opposition to him, and to re-instate 
 him in the public confidence. The sentiment was 
 strong and deep, and his connection with the College 
 could not long be preserved. Before I proceed further 
 with its history, it is proper for me to add, that at the 
 May meeting of the Board in 1833, a Committee of 
 three was appointed to wait upon Professor Henry, 
 and request him to withdraw his letter of resignation. 
 At the meeting of November 27, Dr. Cooper ex- 
 pressed to the Board his willingness to resign the office 
 of Presidency with the view of opening a Law School in 
 Columbia, provided the Board would retain him as a 
 Chemical lecturer at the usual place and times, and in 
 all respects as at present, with the salary of a Profes- 
 sor, and the assistance of Dr. Gibbes. The Board 
 adopted the main proposition; that is, that he resign 
 the Presidency, and continue as a lecturer, and a 
 Committee was appointed to confer with him as to the 
 terms on which he shall be retained, and the duties 
 he shall perform. November 29, the Committee 
 reported in substance as follows : That they have had 
 a conference with Dr. Cooper, and that he is desirous 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 159 
 
 of vacating the Presidential Chair on the 1st of 
 January next, and to confine himself to lectures on 
 Chemistry and Mineralogy at the times and places 
 heretofore used; that in consequence of his advanced 
 age he be allowed a competent assistant; and they 
 conclude with the following resolutions : 
 
 1st. That the resignation of Dr. Cooper, as Presi- 
 dent of the College, and his proposition to vacate that 
 chair on the 1st of January, be accepted. 
 
 2d. That Dr. Cooper be appointed Lecturer on 
 Chemistry and Mineralogy in the College, to take date 
 from the said first of January, and that he be from 
 thenceforth exempted from all agency in the govern- 
 ment of the College, and that he receive a salary of 
 two thousand dollars as a compensation thereof. 
 
 3d. That Dr. Gibbes assist Dr. Cooper at the said 
 Lectures as heretofore. 
 
 4th. That Dr. Cooper shall continue to reside in 
 the building which he now occupies until the 1st day 
 of April next, unless it shall suit his convenience to 
 remove at an earlier period. 
 
 The report and resolutions were adopted. Profes- 
 sor Henry was appointed President pro tempore of the 
 College, from the 1st day of January next. A Com- 
 mittee was appointed to inquire if any permanent 
 improvements had been made by Dr. Cooper upon the 
 President's lot, with the view of re-imbursing him if 
 any such had been made. At a subsequent meeting 
 Dr. Cooper was paid a certain sum, in full satisfaction 
 for his improvements. 
 
160 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Thus matters were left at the close of the year 
 1833; but the demands of public opinion were not 
 satisfied. The Trustees, by formal resolution, had 
 spoken in language of extravagant compliment of the 
 performances of the large and respectable graduating 
 class at the Commencement, and had declared that on 
 no former occasion had they witnessed more satisfac- 
 tory evidences of the care and attention of the Faculty 
 of the College, and of the assiduity and scholarship of 
 the young gentlemen themselves; but all this would 
 not suffice. The College had lost the confidence of 
 the people ; it lived upon their breath, and it must die 
 if that breath was withheld. The cry of "revolution," 
 "re-organization," was again to be heard echoing and 
 re-echoing from the mountains to the sea-board. It is 
 clear to my mind that the majority of the Board were 
 anxious to save the Faculty, if possible, and that the 
 final action was prompted by that strong voice, which 
 in our country at least, never speaks without being 
 obeyed; I mean the voice of the people. The Board 
 had its first meeting for the year 1834, November 
 26th. The year was nearly closed; Dr. Cooper had 
 been discharging the duties of a Professor since 
 January; another had been placed temporarily at the 
 head of the College, and every opportunity had been 
 allowed for ascertaining the public sentiment. It was 
 apparent that something more had to be done. The 
 College could not prosper under the present arrange- 
 ment. The emergency was pressing, and the action 
 must be prompt. The College was tottering to its 
 very basis, and must soon fall, unless supported. A 
 Committee of eight was appointed to inquire into its 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 161 
 
 present state and condition, and if it -be in a depressed 
 condition, into the causes which have led to this 
 depression, and the best means for re-establishing the 
 interests of the Institution. The reader will pardon 
 me, but I cannot help remarking, that on looking over 
 the list of that Committee, a feeling of inexpressible 
 sadness comes over me. But little more than twenty- 
 four years have passed. The^ Committee consisted of 
 eight of the most distinguished men of the State. 
 They were rejoicing in health and life, and were the 
 glory and admiration of Carolina. They are all gone ; 
 gone to that land, "from whose bourn no traveller re- 
 turns," and Dr. Cooper and the Professors, they too have 
 paid the great debt of nature. Of that body, the Investi- 
 gating Committee and the officers of the Faculty, but 
 two remain; the Assistant Professor of Chemistry, 
 Dr. R. W. Gibbes, and Professor Gibbes of Charleston. 
 The Committee reported, and after full discussion it 
 was resolved, at the meeting of December 3d, that the 
 President, Professors and Instructors of the College, be 
 requested to resign for the purpose of having the 
 vacancy filled by such persons as the Trustees may 
 hereafter elect; and that a Committee of three be 
 appointed to ascertain whether it be practicable to 
 continue the exercises of the College by some tempo- 
 rary arrangement until Professors can be regularly 
 elected, and also to ascertain and report whether it 
 would be practicable to elect any of the Professors at 
 this time, or whether it would be expedient so to do. 
 December 9th, the following officers tendered their 
 resignations: Dr. Cooper, Professor Nott, Professor 
 Wallace, Professor Park, Dr. It. W. Gibbes, and Lewis 
 
162 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 K. Gibbes, Tutor. Dr. Henry, acting President, made 
 a communication to the effect, that in compliance with 
 his previous letter of resignation, his connection with 
 the College would terminate on the 1st of January 
 next. The Tutorships were abolished for the present, 
 and the Professorships were re-organized. It was also 
 resolved that the President and Professors shall hold 
 their offices during the pleasure of the Board. Dr. 
 Gibbes was appointed to the department of Chemistry 
 and Mineralogy until the vacation in July, and Tutor 
 Lewis E. Gibbes was appointed to the Mathematical 
 Chair until the acceptance of office, and the arrival of 
 the Professor. Dr. Park was appointed Treasurer and 
 Librarian. December 12th, the Board proceeded to 
 the elections. The Chair of Logic and Belles Letters 
 was filled by the election of Professor Nott, and the 
 Chairs of Political Economy and History, of Greek 
 and Koman Literature, and of Mathematics, Mechani- 
 cal Philosophy and Astronomy, were also filled, but 
 the persons elected declined acceptance. R. W. 
 Gibbes and Lewis R. Gibbes were, by resolution, con- 
 stituted part of the Faculty. December 15th, the 
 degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on Dr. Cooper, 
 and that of Doctor of Divinity on Dr. Henry. De- 
 cember 17th, a Committee was appointed to make 
 temporary arrangements for continuing the College 
 exercises. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 I propose now to present Dr. Cooper more distinctly 
 to my readers. To this notice he is eminently en- 
 titled, and I shall endeavor to bring to the discussion 
 a spirit of entire candor and impartiality. He was 
 born in London, October 22, 1759. He was educated 
 at Oxford. Having taken a position in reference to 
 French politics, and published a pamphlet in reply to 
 Burke, he left England under a threat of prosecution, 
 and took up his residence in Northumberland, Penn- 
 sylvania, where he met his friend Dr. Priestley. 
 Upon his arrival among us, he found the country in a 
 state of high political excitement, and taking part in 
 it, he was tried for a libel under the sedition law, and 
 sentenced to six months' imprisonment, and a fine of 
 four hundred dollars. In 1806, he was appointed one 
 of the Judges of the Pennsylvania Common Pleas 
 Districts, from which office he was removed by Gov. 
 Snyder in 1811, at the request of the Legislature. 
 He held successively the Professorship of Chemistry 
 at Dickinson College, Carlisle, and of Chemistry and 
 Mineralogy in the University of Pennsylvania. De- 
 cember 3, 1819, he was elected to fill for one year the 
 Chair of Chemistry in the South Carolina College, 
 made vacant by the death of Professor Smith. On 
 the 15th December, 1820, he was elected President 
 pro tempore, and December 1, 1821, was permanently 
 elected. December 3, 1834, his resignation was re- 
 quested, and he was disconnected with the College. 
 
164 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 His last days were spent in editing and publishing the 
 Statutes of the State a labor which was assigned him 
 by the General Assembly. He died at Columbia, May 
 
 A difficult task is now before me ; I am to treat of 
 his intellectual character, of his genius, his acquire- 
 ments, his peculiar qualifications for the Presidency 
 of the College ; and lastly to present him as a man, to 
 exhibit him in his private, personal and social rela- 
 tions. No man of his time was more generally known 
 to the people of the State. Of an eager, restless spirit, 
 always anxious to take part in every thing of moment 
 which was passing around him, of resolute and deter- 
 mined cast of character, with great vigor of under- 
 standing, combined with varied learning, it was 
 impossible that such a man should not be known to 
 his contemporaries, and leave behind him fixed and 
 positive impressions. My estimate of him, perhaps, 
 is somewhat different from that which prevails 
 generally; but eighteen years have elapsed since his 
 death, and nearly all of those I believe there are but 
 two exceptions with whom he was intimately asso- 
 ciated, have passed away. The prejudices of enemies, 
 the partialities of friends, no longer exert an influence. 
 The passions of the day are gone forever; the grave 
 has silenced alike the voice of censure, and of praise. 
 Another generation has succeeded, and the calm 
 inquiry of truth and justice can alone have interest. 
 
 What, then, is the intellectual character of Dr. 
 Cooper ? what is the peculiar nature of his genius ? 
 I will be understood when I say that his understand- 
 ing was strong and vigorous. He had great acuteness, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 165 
 
 and his perceptions were clear and well-defined. He 
 had wonderful facility in taking hold of the thoughts 
 of others, and appropriating them to his own purposes. 
 His mind had great activity, was always on the search, 
 and nothing of value which was thrown out by others 
 escaped him. But it was not a blind obedience ; he 
 subjected it to the crucible of his own reason, to the test 
 of personal experiment. He had in largest measure 
 the element of independence, and in the end his 
 opinions were his own. Many of my readers will y 
 feel surprise when I declare that he had no very high 
 original powers. It is true that on many subjects he 
 differed from those around him, and that he entertained 
 opinions entirely opposed to the settled convictions of 
 the community where his lot was cast. But in these 
 instances he was not in advance, but leMnd the age. 
 He could not lead opinion, he could not correct the 
 blunders and errors of the day, exhibit the weakness 
 and fallacy of a vicious philosophy, and point to the 
 way which conducts to a nobler truth and a higher 
 knowledge. He had none of the qualities of a pioneer. 
 He had to deal with the present the future to him 
 was a dark void ; his view was restricted to the actual 
 moment ; he had, then, no prophetic power : 
 
 " The vision and the faculty divine" 
 
 were entirely denied him. In proof of what I have said, \ 
 I remark that if we were to examine one by one all those ' 
 views expressed by Dr. Cooper on whatever subject 
 which might be claimed as original, it would result in 
 the conclusion that there is nothing of value in them. 
 This is true, I believe, without exception. Whether 
 
166 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 he writes upon the Mosaic Cosmogony, or the Chris- 
 tian Revelation ; or whether he offers a contribution to 
 Chemistry, or any other branch of the sciences, or to 
 Political Economy, nothing is easier than to expose 
 the shallowness of his philosophy, and the inconclusive- 
 ness of his reasoning. Indeed, I may say, that when 
 he makes any great departure from the common track, 
 his suggestions and speculations are wanting even in 
 plausibility, and are not therefore of a nature to impose 
 even upon the superficial. Some minds are cast in 
 the mould of Columbus, and fitted to make voyages of 
 discovery, while the vast multitude, if they venture 
 out upon the unexplored ocean, are lost amid the 
 rocks and quicksands. From what has been said, the 
 reader will perceive that I do not give to Dr. Cooper 
 the highest order of intellect. He had a marvellous 
 capacity, and his enthusiasm in the cause of learning 
 knew no bounds. But what was his genius? I use 
 the word in the sense of Dry den ; that is, the disposi- 
 tion of nature by which any one is qualified for some 
 peculiar employment. His genius was eminently 
 practical utilitarian. He looked upon man very 
 much as an animal, and believed that the frame-work 
 of society was designed to provide for his physical 
 wants and necessities. As in man he saw nothing 
 but the animal, so in the objects of knowledge he saw 
 nothing but external nature. Of man in his higher 
 nature, as a being of immortal powers, with aspira- 
 tions reaching into a never-ending futurity, he had no 
 just conception. For those pursuits, then, which are 
 not immediately connected with the bodily wants, 
 he had no taste. On the contrary, he denied to them 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 167 
 
 all claim to attention. He thought that all time 
 devoted to them was just so much thrown away. His 
 mind was objective. For Metaphysical and Ethical 
 investigations, he had perfect contempt. In his report 
 to the Board of Trustees, April 1823, he remarks in 
 reference to a proposition made at a previous meeting, 
 that he should teach Metaphysics, "that he professes 
 himself qualified and competent to teach Metaphysics, 
 having devoted much more time to that very un- 
 satisfactory study than most men ; so much so as to 
 be fully persuaded that it is not worth the time 
 required to be bestowed upon it." He proposes to 
 substitute a course of Political Economy for it. It is 
 matter of history that a Committee was appointed at 
 his suggestion to report upon the propriety of abolish- 
 ing the study altogether. And so, likewise, he had 
 no sympathy in Ethical inquiries. He estimated 
 everything by its temporal value. I would say nothing 
 against the utilitarian philosophy in its just and 
 higher sense ; against that philosophy which finds 
 utility in the cultivation of all the intellectual facul- 
 ties, and which thus augments the amount of 
 our rational pleasures; that philosophy which per- 
 ceives a utility in the cultivation of our moral powers, 
 by which our sense of obligation is confirmed and 
 strengthened, and our happiness infinitely increased ; 
 in short, which encourages all the creations of genius, 
 and perceives a purpose, a use in all which be- 
 longs to the domain of the ideal, the beautiful, the 
 imaginative, as well as practical. This, however, was 
 not the philosophy of Dr. Cooper. I may say that it 
 was partial, incomplete, contracted. It was not co-ex- 
 
168 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 tensive with, the nature of the soul, and was therefore 
 wanting in humanity. May I not say, then, that it 
 was cold and forbidding, and could not touch the heart. 
 His mind was defective in the genuine philosophic 
 element ; he was no great generalizer. He abounded 
 in facts, and the use which he made of them proved 
 that he was an acute, rather than a great thinker. 
 Compared with his friend Priestley, I would remark 
 that they were very similar, though Cooper was de- 
 cidedly inferior. The name of one is linked forever 
 with the science of Chemistry, while the other has 
 left nothing behind him. 
 
 But I am to speak somewhat particularly of his ac- 
 quirements. That they were varied and extensive can- 
 not be questioned. His mind had ranged pretty well 
 over the broad surface of thought and knowledge, and 
 had gathered something at every step. But, as I have 
 previously said, he had his peculiar tastes, and of cer- 
 tain fields took a mere glance, and could only say 
 that he had seen them. Others were inviting; he 
 walked carefully over them, and carried some of their 
 richest treasures away. He was a great reader, had a 
 fine memory, and forgot little that was worth remem- 
 bering. He was not entirely ignorant of anything 
 which might become the topic of discussion in the 
 circle of educated gentlemen. He was a man of infor- 
 mation, rather than of learning. I do not mean by 
 this to intimate that he had solid attainments in 
 nothing ; but that his knowledge was general, and that 
 even in those inquiries to which he had devoted his 
 largest attention, depths had been reached by others 
 to which he had never attained. There is, no doubt, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 169 
 
 force in the remark, that he may have failed in reach- 
 ing the highest excellence in any one department of 
 knowledge, because his attention was divided among 
 so many. This is certainly fatal to success with most 
 minds. It has not been so with all whose pursuits were 
 equally diversified. Paschal and Leibnitz, and Sir 
 William Hamilton, left the impress of genius in every 
 field where they labored ; and Priestley and Franklin, 
 more kindred spirits, have in the midst of most distract- 
 ing pursuits, secured immortality. Dr. Cooper's largest 
 attainments were in Chemistry and the cognate Sciences, 
 Law, Medicine and Political Philosophy. His prin- 
 cipal publications are, a " Translation of the Institutes 
 of Justinian," his " Translation of Broussais," his 
 " Medical Jurisprudence," " The Emporium of Arts 
 and Sciences," and his " Lectures on the Elements of 
 Political Economy." Besides these, I may mention 
 his elaborate " Essay on the Pentateuch," and any 
 number of pamphlets, religious and political. None 
 of these can live ; indeed, they are long since dead. 
 His Medical Jurisprudence and his Political Economy 
 have no merit whatever. His Essay on the Pentateuch 
 has long since had the flimsy veil of its false learning 
 and inconclusive reasoning torn from it, and stands ex- 
 posed in all its deformity. He was full of what 
 Horace calls sapientia insaniens, the extravagances of 
 Philosophy, which are contradicted by the stern con- 
 victions and the daily experience of almost every 
 man. His contributions to the " Southern Review " 
 are worthy of mention ; and, as they exhibit him to 
 great advantage, I give the articles by name : Principles 
 of Agriculture, 1st vol. ; Gall on the Functions of the 
 
170 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Brain, 1st vol. ; Begin's Therapeutics, 1st vol.; Hig- 
 gin's Celtic Druids, 3d vol.; Modern Gastronomy, 3d vol.' 
 Higgin's Celtic Druids, 4th vol. ; Bentham on Judicial 
 Evidence, 5th vol. ; Agrarian and Education Systems, 
 6th vol.; Geology and Pentateuch, 6th vol.; Social 
 Life of England and France, 6th vol. ; Operation of 
 Poisons, 7th vol.; United States Bank, 8th vol.; 
 Distribution of Wealth, 8th vol. 
 
 It may be that I have placed too low an estimate 
 upon the intellect and attainments of Dr. Cooper. 
 His style was bold, sententious, dogmatic, but clear, 
 simple and perspicuous. Never was the axiom truer 
 than in his case, that "the style is the man." 
 
 I am next to speak of him as Professor and Presi- 
 dent of the College. It is with a feeling of sadness 
 that I approach this part of my subject. Who can 
 contemplate, unmoved and unaffected, the spectacle of 
 an old man subjected to the bitterest trials, the object 
 of the grossest abuse, presented for trial by the repre- 
 sentatives of the people, and at last ejected from office, 
 and driven to seek some new employment to fill out 
 the little remnant of his days. At the period of Dr. 
 Cooper's election to the Chair of Chemistry in the 
 South Carolina College, the science was in comparative 
 infancy, and had attracted but little attention in this 
 country. It is probable that it was the best selection 
 which could have been commanded. He brought to 
 the Chair a knowledge of it as it then existed, and 
 soon elevated it to a rank and popularity not surpassed 
 by any other department in the College. The secret 
 of his success is easily told. Never, perhaps, was there 
 a better lecturer, a finer teacher. He had the envi- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 171 
 
 able gift of telling well and impressively all that he 
 knew. The stores of his mind, as we have seen, were 
 ample and varied, and he had the happy talent of 
 bringing them all to bear, when needed, upon the 
 subject under discussion. His own personal experi- 
 ence had been large and peculiar. He had mingled 
 intimately with the most remarkable men of the Old 
 and the New World, and had been an eye-witness of 
 some of the most stirring and interesting events re- 
 corded in history. He knew Fox, and Pitt, and 
 Sheridan, and Erskine and Burke, and would tell of the 
 impression made upon him when he witnessed those 
 mighty efforts which have shed such glory upon the 
 authors and their country. With Watt he had gone 
 to Paris during the French Revolution, and had been 
 closeted with Eobespierre, Petion, and other members 
 of the Jacobin Club. Coming to America in 1792, he 
 made the acquaintance of the great men of the Revo- 
 lution, and throwing himself actively into the cause 
 of Jeffersonian democracy, was admitted to terms 
 of intimacy with its leaders. He turned all his 
 knowledge to account. With wonderful art he could 
 weave a dinner with Priestley, a glass of wine with 
 Robespierre, a supper with the Brissotians, or a race 
 for the Convention against the Duke of Orleans, into 
 a lecture upon asbestos, soda, or magnesia. His read- 
 ing and intercourse with men had furnished him with 
 a fund of anecdote, and this he dealt out on all proper 
 occasions with the best effect. He knew as a teacher, 
 that for success the attention of the pupil must be 
 secured, and that owing to the nature of the subject, 
 it is sometimes necessary to resort to extraordinary 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 expedients for this purpose. Here he showed wonder- 
 ful resources/ and it may be said, without much fear 
 of contradiction, that the less attractive the topic, the 
 more apt was the lecturer to impress himself upon his 
 hearers. There were in his teachings no parade, no 
 affectation, but the great truths of science were uttered 
 with childlike simplicity. His industry and enthu- 
 siasm were unsurpassed, and he ever brought to his 
 task his highest powers, and noblest energies. He had 
 his prejudices of education, but he loved knowledge 
 for its own sake, and engaged honestly in the pursuit. 
 Such was Dr. Cooper as a Teacher, and had he been 
 content with a Professorship, he might have reposed 
 in peace and quiet. In an evil hour he accepted the 
 Presidency, and then his troubles began. It is worthy 
 of remark, that he was elected President by ten votes 
 only, nineteen being present. This, then, was his first 
 misfortune. No one perhaps will say now that he was 
 the man for the office; for the history of his adminis- 
 tration, which has already been briefly given, proves 
 otherwise. I attach no blame to the Board, for I know 
 not the particular circumstances by which they were 
 surrounded; but the fact that he was elected only by 
 a majority of one, attests that he had not a cordial 
 support, and that it was regarded as a doubtful experi- 
 ment. But in what was he wanting? Why did he 
 fail? This is the inquiry which I am. now to make. 
 It was not owing to his want of science and learning ; 
 for he had far more of these than falls to the lot of 
 educated men generally. No ; his intellectual qualifi- 
 cations must be conceded in the fullest sense. It must 
 be looked for then somewhere else. First, I observe 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 173 
 
 tha,t he was an old man when he came among us; 
 having already reached the ripe age of sixty. He was 
 an entire stranger to Southern society, and knew 
 nothing of the peculiarities of Southern youth. His 
 own character was fully formed, and his prejudices 
 and his opinions, his sympathies and his antipathies, 
 were invincible. This was truer of him than of most 
 men, for his life in England, and at the North, had 
 been active, restless and turbulent. He had already 
 reached conclusions on every possible question of 
 politics, morals and religion. No man was more 
 tenacious, dogmatic, or had a bolder and more uncom- 
 promising spirit. In a community so different from 
 those in which he had formerly moved, it is not to be 
 wondered at that in many things there could be no 
 sympathy, no intercommunion of feeling and senti- 
 ment. Questions of education, the government and 
 management of young men these, with all the com- 
 plex details which make up a Collegiate system, were 
 now the prominent matters of attention. It is very 
 clear that what might do for England, or the North, 
 might fail here entirely ; and that a system to be practi- 
 cable, must be accommodated to the peculiar wants, 
 habits of thought, and genius of the people. This he 
 could not do ; he could not digest a scheme adapted to our 
 peculiarities, for he had but one standard of education. 
 Education consisted in an absorbing attention to 
 certain things, and an entire exclusion of others. 
 That which was not suited to his taste or genius, he 
 conceived had nothing good in it. He had his idio- 
 syncrasies on this subject, but did not make sufficient 
 allowance for those of the rest of mankind. He 
 11 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 flattered himself that he had fairly tried the whole 
 circle of studies ; that he had accurately measured their 
 relative values, and separated those which are alone 
 proper objects of thought and pursuit. And he had, 
 too, his peculiar notions of government, which were 
 derived from his knowledge of youth elsewhere. But 
 he had to govern Southern youth. Whether for better 
 or for worse, they have their peculiarities, which spring 
 from the manners, customs and institutions of the 
 country. In certain particulars he erred grievously 
 in his estimate. There may be liars in College, but 
 it is altogether certain that the youth of no Southern 
 College can be made to unite in telling a lie in an 
 investigation before the Faculty, nor is it possible that 
 they can combine by fifties to protect a thief or a 
 burglar. I allude to this in no feeling of unkindness, 
 but to illustrate the difficulties of his position. No doubt 
 he had seen this in youth elsewhere, and supposed 
 that here they had the same character. All will 
 agree with me that such false notions would be neces- 
 sarily fatal in the South Carolina College. Dr. 
 Maxcy, as Dr. Henry tells us in his eulogy, judged 
 differently. He saw in Southern youth a conviction 
 of independence, and a disposition to assert and exer- 
 cise it. He did not attempt to extirpate this elevated 
 principle, but to modify it. He appealed to the 
 honor of his pupils, and with generous minds the 
 appeal was always powerful, and generally successful. 
 If there be any among us who object to this and I 
 know there are let them abolish the institution of 
 slavery; for that spirit is born of it. The great 
 philosophic statesman, Burke, ascribes the high and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 175 
 
 haughty spirit of independence in the Southern States 
 to "the vast multitude of slaves" among them. 
 There, he adds, "liberty looks like something that is 
 more noble and liberal." "So it was among the 
 ancient commonwealths, and such will be all masters 
 of slaves, who are not slaves themselves." 
 
 Another cause of failure is to be found in his busy 
 spirit. I use the term in no offensive sense. Had he 
 confined himself purely, to the matters of the College, 
 to the specific duties which he was required to dis- 
 charge, he might have had success. But this was 
 impossible. His life had been spent amid storms and 
 tempests, and the howling of the wind and the 
 muttering sound of the thunder were music to his ears. 
 He could not sit still; he must plunge into its chaos 
 and confusion. But to drop metaphor. He loved excite- 
 ment, and would participate in it wherever it was to be 
 found. He was a partizan with more than usual bit- 
 terness. In the political controversies of the day, he 
 would act a part, and in South Carolina made himself 
 odious to a large number by it. Persons would 
 believe, and would say, that he was brought here not 
 to shape the politics of the State, not to encourage 
 and foment dissensions among her public men, but to 
 build up and establish the milder reign of science and 
 of letters. But this was not all. There is an interest 
 dearer than political interest, dear as that is ; and this 
 was not safe from his intrusion. I mean the religious. 
 He had his own. opinions. He had drunk deep at the 
 fountain of infidelity; he had sympathized with the 
 sneering savans of Paris, and sat at the feet of the 
 most skeptical philosophers of England. If there 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 were any feeling of his nature stronger than all the 
 rest, it was the feeling of opposition to the Christian 
 religion. He believed it to be a fraud and imposture; 
 an artful contrivance to cheat fools, and scare little 
 children and old women. He came among a people 
 where the universal faith was the faith of Christianity, 
 and he proposed to subvert their altars, and to inter- 
 fere with their worship. I have already said that he 
 was bold and restless. On this delicate question, as 
 well as others, he must define his position. He 
 must tell the people who had honored him with their 
 confidence, that their God was an idol, and their 
 religion a superstition. In every way he strove to 
 impress his opinions. He had no concealment; he 
 was known as the great adversary of the Church. On 
 all occasions he treated its pretensions with contempt. 
 Its great author was but an imperfect man, who was 
 to be judged by the same rules with which we judge 
 other moral reformers; and the priesthood had no 
 other but a self-conferred authority, and were banded 
 together for the promotion of selfish ends and temporal 
 advantages. All knew that these were his views. 
 He made them known in the social circle, in his inter- 
 course with the young men, and in various publica- 
 tions which he issued from time to time. Under such 
 circumstances, what must be the impressions made by 
 his ministrations in the College pulpit? What must 
 the students think of the man? Not only must such 
 services be a mockery, but all respect for the authority 
 of one, who would lead in such a hypocritical ceremony, 
 must of necessity pass away. He read the Bible, 
 whose authority he openly denied, and prayed to a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 177 
 
 God in whom he did not believe, with less of reverence 
 than he would discuss the theory of phlogiston, or the 
 hypothesis of the igneous formation of the earth. He 
 was now President of the College, and clothed with a 
 most important and responsible trust. The youth of 
 the State were before him, and he was to mould their 
 opinions, and fashion their character. It was not only 
 the right, but the duty of the people, whose children 
 they were, to look to the matter. It was their part to 
 protect them against the influence of a false and soul- 
 destroying philosophy; a species of Pyrrhonism, a 
 refined and subtle dialectics, which removed all the 
 foundations of belief, and spread over the mind the 
 dark and chilling cloud of doubt and uncertainty. 
 The House of Representatives very properly then 
 demanded an investigation. The history of the pro- 
 ceedings of the Board has been given with sufficient 
 fullness, and I will not repeat it. It is only proper 
 that I make some comments upon it. With all 
 deference then, I remark, that the charges and specifi- 
 cations which were reported by the Committee, were 
 amply sustained. All that I have said of Dr. Cooper 
 was proved by reference to his known publications, 
 and by the testimony of living witnesses. It is honor- 
 able, however, to the Board, that it was reluctant to 
 make the sacrifice. In the brief history of his trial, I 
 have recorded certain facts, with no other view than 
 to exhibit the spirit of respect and kindness which 
 pervaded the whole investigation. And at this period, 
 now that the immediate actors are dead, who would 
 have it otherwise? There was nothing rash, nothing 
 precipitate. No fanatical zeal, no blind enthusiasm, 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 urged them forward. All was calm and deliberate. 
 He was allowed every opportunity for defence, and 
 his long and elaborate replies are placed on record. 
 The reader is aware from the history, that the charges 
 were dismissed ; this was the crowning act of kindness 
 and of charity. But the public were not satisfied, and 
 he was finally disconnected. 
 
 I have thus endeavored to account for the failure of 
 Dr. Cooper's administration. At other times, and in 
 other communities, he might have succeeded ; but it 
 was impossible here. He loved the College, and was 
 nattered by his position. He labored honestly and 
 industriously for what he conceived to be its best 
 interests. Nor did he labor in vain. He gave the first 
 great impulse to the cause of Physical Science in our 
 State, and it was he who first made known to our 
 people the names of Watt, of Cavendish, of Black, of 
 Scheele, of Davy, of Lavoisier and of Priestley. Owing 
 to his peculiar views, his suggestions on the subject of 
 educational reform have 110 very great value. But his 
 soul was in the subject, and his reports to the Board 
 abound in them. It was a cherished notion with hinT] 
 to make education the cheapest of all commodities ; to 
 scatter the rich treasure amid all the ranks and classes 
 of society. The State had a College, and he thought 
 it beneath its dignity to charge for admission to its 
 privileges. He remarks in one of his reports, that he 
 desires to place it on record among their documents, 
 that his full and deliberate persuasion is, that a Free V 
 College is as necessary as a Free School, and that the 
 exaction of tuition money for education cannot be 
 defended either on the grounds of justice or expe- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 179 
 
 diency. In this he exhibits a liberal and catholic 
 spirit, and signalizes his sincere devotion to the sacred 
 cause of letters. 
 
 I have in the last place to speak of Dr. Cooper as a 
 man; of his private and social relations. He was 
 remarkable for his personal virtue. His integrity was 
 never called in question. He was open, frank, and free 
 from all dissimulation. He made no mere professions. 
 Whether of inen or measures, he said what he thought, 
 and was never chargeable with insincerity. As may be 
 inferred from what has already been recorded of him, 
 the tone of his nature was strong and decided. I am 
 guilty of no inconsistency when I say, that he loved 
 the truth ; he never embraced error as error, false- 
 hood for the sake of falsehood, though he suffered 
 frequent imposition. In his social relations he was 
 most agreeable. He would throw off the dogmatism 
 of the teacher, and be like other men. He was a fine 
 table companion, and few acted their parts on such 
 occasions with like effect. In addition to his literary 
 stores, his fund of incident, anecdote and story, con- 
 stituted a vast treasure-house, from which he would 
 draw to illustrate every possible topic of conversation. 
 A Boswell could have found in his table-talk much 
 that was entertaining and instructive, and worthy of 
 preservation. He was punctilious in the discharge 
 of the duties of the citizen, and set a high value upon 
 such privileges. He was kind as a neighbor, and in 
 his intercourse with men, was free from selfishness. 
 As a husband, a father, a master, he was without fault. 
 What more shall I add ! Death has set its seal upon 
 him, and while his virtues should be remembered, let 
 
180 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 his faults be forgiven. Bad is the heart which could 
 now indulge a feeling of malignity ; rather let us find 
 excuses arid palliations for his opinions and his con- 
 duct, and examine ourselves to see whether we did 
 not judge him, while living, with too great severity. 
 How honorable to the memory of the elder Scaliger, 
 who was the bitter antagonist of Erasmus, that he 
 mourned with tears because the latter was snatched 
 away from him before a reconciliation was effected ! 
 I have exhausted my art ; my pencil has touched the 
 canvass for the last time ; the portrait is as complete 
 as I can make it, and I now hang it upon the wall for 
 the spectator to pass judgment upon it. 
 
 I propose now to give a brief account of Thomas 
 Park, LL. D. He was born in Uxbridge, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1767. He graduated at Brown University in 
 1791. His brother, the Eev. Calvin Park, was for 
 many years a Professor in that Institution. Shortly 
 after his graduation, he left his native State and settled 
 in Darlington District, South Carolina. He began 
 his course as a teacher at St. David's Academy in that 
 District, about the year 1792 or 1793. November 27, 
 1806, he was elected Professor of Languages in the 
 South Carolina College. He continued to discharge 
 the duties of this office until December 9, 1834. To 
 be more specific, it is proper to add, that this was the 
 date of his resignation, but by agreement with the 
 committee appointed to arrange for carrying on the 
 exercises of the College, he continued to discharge 
 the duties of the Chair for most of the succeeding 
 year. Upon his disconnection he was elected Treasurer 
 and Librarian, and held the office until his death. I 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 181 
 
 knew Dr. Park well, and think I am prepared to place 
 a proper estimate upon him. There was nothing 
 shining, nothing brilliant, nothing very remarkable 
 in the character of his intellect. I will be under- 
 stood when I say that he had capital sense. His 
 reading was not extensive, and his knowledge there- 
 fore not various. To general learning he made no 
 pretension. From his habitual modesty and diffi- 
 dence, he got credit for less acquisition than he really 
 made. His attainments were, in the main, restricted 
 to the department of which he had charge ; and even 
 here he was thought by many to know less than he 
 did. Upon the whole, he did not pass in amount of 
 knowledge for what he was worth. A little more 
 boldness, a little more presumption, would have served 
 a good purpose here, as they frequently do in other 
 things. Many, with not half his learning, are judged 
 superior. I will not assert that hi& reading in Latin 
 and Greek was very extensive, for I have been led to 
 believe that, in this particular, not a few surpassed 
 him. But he had read carefully all that is embraced 
 in our highest Collegiate courses. Dr. Henry has 
 often told me that his knowledge was critical and exact. 
 His scholarship, then, was entitled to respect, and 
 it is great injustice to think otherwise. I think that 
 he was not capable of inspiring much enthusiasm ; but 
 he was laborious, pains-taking and conscientious, and 
 could make scholars of those who were rightly disposed. 
 For the careless and idle, he could do but little. I 
 wish not to indulge in terms of extravagant praise, 
 and I will not claim for him, therefore, very high 
 powers as a disciplinarian. But, in this respect, too, he 
 
182 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 was underrated. I am sure that he was was not 
 grossly deficient. The records of the Faculty prove 
 otherwise. During the Presidency of Dr. Maxcy, he 
 frequently acted as Chairman of the Faculty, and had 
 the executive duties devolved upon him. He acquitted 
 himself well. I would not, however, say that he had 
 that sort of character which would fit him for that 
 responsible position. In the subordinate sphere of a 
 Professor, he was the equal of men generally. There 
 are times when he who is at the helm of government 
 must almost forget that he is a man ; when he must 
 bury the sympathies of his nature, and enter upon a 
 work of blood. This he could not do. His spirit 
 was gentle, and he loved not the strife of battle, 
 the roar of arms. 'On such occasions he could not 
 lead ; but he would follow wherever duty called him. 
 He filled a Professor's Chair for twenty-nine years, 
 and who for so long a period will lay claim to greater 
 fidelity ? Mere genius and learning, desirable as they 
 are, do not alone make the instructor. There are 
 qualifications of a higher nature, and these he pos- 
 sessed in full measure. His heavenly temper, his 
 patient endurance, his punctuality, his sense of justice, 
 his unselfish devotion these surely will atone for any 
 supposed deficiency in knowledge. They are not light 
 possessions, and no one can set limits to their influ- 
 ence in the progress of education. His pupils indulged 
 towards him a love scarcely less than filial, and an 
 appeal to his kind and noble heart was never made in 
 vain. Could such a person be so long connected with 
 the College without doing vast good ! Surely none 
 can doubt in the matter. Let all the deductions be 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 183 
 
 made which the most skeptical may urge, and I 
 hesitate not to assert that of the long list which has 
 graced the corps of the Faculty, few, indeed, upon 
 the whole, have rendered as valuable services to 
 the youth of the State as Dr. Park. 1 have said 
 that, upon his retirement from the Professorship, 
 he was elected Treasurer and Librarian. It is proper 
 to add that these offices were subsequently divided, 
 and that he was continued in the former. When, in 
 1835, he withdrew entirely from all connection with 
 the instruction of the College, the Board of Trustees 
 passed the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this Board entertain the highest 
 respect for the amiable character and virtuous conduct 
 of Dr. Thomas Park, late Professor of Languages in 
 the College, and that he is entitled to our thanks for his 
 long, faithful and useful services in his Professorship, 
 as well as for the cheerfulness with which he afforded 
 his valuable services in instructing the classes of the 
 College during the last session. 
 
 To the last he enjoyed the undiminished confidence 
 of the Board. While he was Treasurer, he was 
 robbed of upwards of $2,000 of the College fund. In a 
 letter to the Board, he offered to surrender every 
 thing he had to make good the loss. The Board 
 refused to take anything, and adopted resolutions 
 acquitting him of censure, expressive of their unabated 
 confidence, and continuing him in office. Dr. Park 
 had not only a strong sense of justice, but a peculiarly 
 refined sensibility. Without any pretension what- 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 ever, he had a true dignity, a noble elevation of 
 character. He would not continue in office against 
 the wishes of those who placed him in it, or when he 
 suspected, in any degree, his own competency. Deep in 
 the recesses of that gentle and feminine nature, 
 reposed a spirit of sternest manliness, and most inflex- 
 ible independence. Perhaps some who will read this 
 sketch, and think they know Dr. Park, will differ with 
 me. But I am right ; his virtues were positive* his 
 character real and well defined. He was not a mere 
 passive being; he could act with the decision and 
 energy of other men. I have before me a communi- 
 cation addressed by him to the Board of Trustees 
 upwards of forty years ago, and I ask to call attention 
 to it for a moment, as it illustrates the point in ques- 
 tion. The tone of the paper is really beautiful. The 
 whole man may be seen in it. If there were nothing 
 else, there is material sufficient to enable the skilful 
 artist to give his portrait. Here we have good 
 sense, uttered in plain, unadorned and strong lan- 
 guage ; meekness, humility, complete forgetfulness of 
 selfish interest, delicacy of feeling, sense of justice, 
 extreme conscientiousness, and an absence of all 
 temper. But the act itself testifies to promptitude, 
 energy, and decision of character. He complains of a 
 wrong inflicted upon him, but he indulges in no de- 
 nunciation of persons, no crimination of others. He 
 is grieved, he mourns at the violation of his feelings. 
 He would have it otherwise, but he has no right to 
 dictate the manner of proceeding against him. He 
 finds consolation in the purity of his heart, and in the 
 fact that he never sought the office. A feeling of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 185 
 
 ness comes over me as I read it, and who can 
 withhold his sympathies from the meek, the humble, 
 and heavenly-minded author. I give the follow- 
 ing extract : " I beg leave to communicate to you my 
 intention of resigning my office as Professor in Decem- 
 ber next. If I should think it necessary to leave the 
 College at an earlier period, I hope your honorable 
 Board will have the goodness to grant me the indul- 
 gence. I have frequently said that whenever any 
 respectable number of the Board should express a wish 
 for niy resignation, that wish should be immediately 
 gratified. It would have been more agreeable to my 
 feelings had that wish been communicated to me 
 privately, instead of being proclaimed in the State 
 House ; but I had no right to prescribe the mode. Of 
 what importance are the feelings and reputation of a 
 poor, obscure individual! I have had the honor of 
 holding the office eleven years. Of the fidelity and 
 ability with which I have discharged my duties, I am 
 not the proper judge ; the decision I leave to those 
 who are most competent to make it. But a few years 
 since, my colleagues and myself were honored with a 
 resolution of your Board, expressing its entire appro- 
 bation of our conduct. It is some consolation to me 
 that I never sought the office. It was not until after the 
 repeated solicitations of my late friend, Judge Wilde, 
 who knew me better, perhaps, than any other man 
 that ever lived, that I consented to accept the office. 
 This 'acceptance I have often since regretted." 
 
 I give the action of the Board : 
 
 Resolved, That this Board entertains the highest 
 
186 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 sense of the services of Professor Park ; that if any 
 censure has been expressed with regard to his conduct, 
 it has been entirely unauthorized by the Board; and 
 that the President be requested to communicate to 
 Professor Park the unanimous wish of the Trustees 
 on this subject, and to assure him that if it be com- 
 patible with his convenience to continue in his present 
 situation, his doing so will give pleasure to the Board. 
 
 It may not be unnecessary for me to add that there 
 was nothing morose, nothing ascetic in his nature. 
 He was social and communicative. He looked upon 
 life in all its relations as a blessing, and with grateful 
 heart partook of all its rational enjoyments. He 
 loved a joke, or a good story, and would not unfre- 
 quently contribute one himself. He had his full share 
 of trouble and trial, but under all circumstances dis- 
 played meekness and resignation. No cares however 
 distracting, no fortunes however adverse, could so 
 disturb his equanimity as to make him miserable. 
 He had learned his lesson better than this, and felt 
 that the hand of God was upon him. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist Church, and on his noble heart had 
 been shed all the sanctifying influences of the Christian 
 religion. He died at Winnsborough, July 16th, 1844, 
 in the 79th year of his age. His body was brought 
 to this place, and buried in the Baptist Church-yard. 
 I had the happiness to hear the funeral discourse 
 pronounced on the occasion by his pupil and friend 
 the Eeverend Dr. Thornwell. It was a noble tribute 
 to one of the best of men. And it was my privilege, 
 too, to stand by the yawning grave, and see his mortal 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 187 
 
 remains committed to the last, sad resting-place. In 
 him was realized the age sketched by Johnson, in 
 "The Vanity of Human Wishes:" 
 
 "An age that melts with unperceived decay, 
 And glides in modest innocence away ; 
 Whose peaceful day benevolence endears, 
 Whose night congratulating conscience cheers ; 
 The general favorite, as the general friend ; 
 Such age there is, and who shall wish its end!" 
 
 I have made diligent inquiry, but have failed in 
 procuring any thing more than the scantiest materials 
 for a biographical sketch of Professor Wallace. I 
 knew him personally, and this will aid me in forming 
 an estimate of him. 
 
 James Wallace was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, and 
 upon his removal to the United States first resided in 
 some of the Northern States. I think I have under- 
 stood that at one period of his life he was connected 
 as Instructor with the Roman Catholic College at 
 Georgetown. On the 2d of December, 1820, he was 
 elected Professor of Mathematics in the South Carolina 
 College, in place of the Reverend Dr. Hanckel, re- 
 signed, to serve for one year, and December 1, 1821, 
 he was permanently elected. December 9, 1834, 
 he was reformed out of office along with Dr. Cooper, 
 and most of his colleagues. There can be no doubt 
 that. Dr. Wallace had mathematical genius, and fine 
 attainments in his department. According to compe- 
 tent judges, his work "On the Globes" is sufficient 
 proof of the fact. But I happen to know that he did 
 not place a very high value upon it. I have heard 
 him say, that the manuscript of a work to which he 
 had devoted twenty years of his life was destroyed by 
 
188 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 fire; and he thought that but for that accident he 
 would have left something worthy of remembrance. 
 He was one of the contributors to "The Southern 
 Review," and acted well his part in glorious rivalry 
 with Legare, Elliott, Cooper, Henry, Nott and others. 
 He was a clear thinker, and a good writer. The 
 following articles were written by him: Geometry 
 and Calculus, 1st vol. ; Steam Engine and Railroad, 7th 
 vol. ; Canal Navigation, &c., 8th vol. As a Teacher he 
 is to be commended. He was patient and laborious, 
 and seemed to take a real pleasure in the business of 
 instruction. He was a kind-hearted man, and exceed- 
 ingly gentle in his whole bearing in the class room. 
 Towards "the weaker brethren," his heart melted 
 with compassion. No obtuseness of perception, no 
 degree of stolidity could provoke him to ill temper. 
 Let others settle the question whether every man can 
 be a mathematician if he chooses ; and whether the 
 difference in respect to mathematical knowledge 
 between young men at College is due to study and 
 application. I know not that Dr. Wallace came to 
 any conclusions in the matter, but I suspect that he 
 thought some were so constituted that they could 
 digest but little ; and in such cases he labored with 
 increased zeal, that the little might be supplied to 
 them. Upon leaving the College he retired to a small 
 farm in Lexington District, near Columbia, where he 
 died February 18, 1851. His body is buried in the 
 Roman Catholic Cemetery of this Town, and the 
 spot is marked by a neat marble monument, with a 
 Latin inscription. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 I resume the thread of my narrative. It is not to 
 be disguised, that the close of the year 1834 found 
 the College in a deplorable condition. It was almost 
 deserted. Parents for the last several years had 
 either kept their sons at home, or sought an education 
 for them in other and distant Colleges. I have before 
 me the original letter of Dr. Henry, the acting Presi- 
 dent, to the Board, communicating the state of the 
 College. This letter is not recorded among the 
 minutes, and I have found it amid the mass of papers 
 which had been referred to the Committee on the 
 College. It is important, as it sheds a light which 
 probably cannot be derived from any other source. I 
 see from it that at no period during the year did the 
 number exceed fifty-two. Of these one was sus- 
 pended and reported for expulsion, and nine tocik 
 dismissions. Twenty-two had passed their final ex- 
 amination at the date of the report, (November 26,) and 
 the whole number left in the College was twenty only. 
 The condition of things was truly bad, and the pros- 
 pect not at all encouraging. Dr. Henry reports four 
 as having been received for the class of 1835, and his 
 conjectural estimates only deepen the shade which 
 rests upon the College. Under these circumstances 
 the exercises were opened in 1835. The entire corps 
 of instructors consisted of Professor Nott, E. W. 
 12 
 
190 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Gibbes, Lewis R. Gibbes and Dr. Park, whose services 
 as an assistant had been secured by the Committee 
 appointed to carry on the College. The Rev. Dr. 
 Capers had been elected to a Professorship, but declined 
 acceptance. The Committee succeeded, however, in 
 engaging him to instruct in Moral and Intellectual 
 Philosophy, and the Evidences of Christianity, at the 
 salary of a Professor. He entered upon his duties 
 early in March, with the condition that he would 
 remain until the meeting of the Board in November. 
 Professor Nott was appointed Chairman of the Faculty. 
 The Board had its first meeting for the year, June 4. 
 The corps of Instructors, as has been seen, was 
 incomplete. The persons elected at a previous meet- 
 ing had all declined, with the exception of Professor 
 Nott. But one Chair was filled permanently, and 
 some of the most important were entirely vacant. 
 The Board, in view of the state of things, adopted at 
 once the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That in consideration of the absolute 
 necessity of providing Professors to enter upon their 
 duties in October next, the members of the Board now 
 present will forthwith proceed to select suitable 
 persons to fill the Professorships, for which competent 
 candidates may be offered. And this Board does 
 hereby pledge itself to confirm, at its Annual Meeting 
 in December, the election now made. 
 
 At this meeting a balloting was had for a Professor 
 of Chemistry, and Dr. William H. Ellet, of New York, 
 was elected. June 5 the board again assembled. It 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 191 
 
 was resolved that it was not expedient to select a 
 President of the College at the present session of the 
 Board. As there was no doubt that the recent oppo- 
 sition to the College was on religious grounds, and as 
 it was very clear now that it could not be restored to 
 public confidence unless it was brought unmistakably 
 under Christian influence, it was determined to estab- 
 lish a Professorship for this purpose, and the following 
 resolution was therefore adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That there be established a Professorship 
 of the Evidences of Christianity and Sacred Litera- 
 ture, and that the Professor perform service in the 
 College Chapel; and that he and the other Professors 
 be requested to make arrangements for instructing and 
 lecturing in Moral and Intellectual Philosophy until 
 a President shall be elected. 
 
 At this meeting Dr. Francis Lieber was elected 
 Professor of History; Isaac W. Stuart elected Profes- 
 sor of Greek and Roman Literature ; Thomas S. Twiss 
 elected Professor of Mathematics, and Dr. William 
 Capers elected Professor of Sacred Literature. The 
 Professorships were now filled. The last act of the 
 Board was the appointment of a Committee to receive 
 the newly elected Professors, and indicate to them the 
 course of instruction each is expected to pursue, and 
 the Text-Books from which each is required to lecture. 
 
 Robert W. Gibbes was born in the City of Charles- 
 ton, July 8th, 1809. He is the son of William Hasell 
 Gibbes, a patriot of the Revolution, who was for a long 
 period Master in Equity for Charleston District. Dr. 
 
192 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Gibbes graduated in the South Carolina College in 1827. 
 Immediately upon his graduation, December 15th, he 
 received the high compliment of being elected assist- 
 ant to Dr. Cooper in the Professorship of Chemistry, 
 Geology and Mineralogy. He entered upon his duties 
 with a small salary. In 1829 the Trustees requested 
 the Governor to apply to the Legislature for an 
 increase of the salary of the adjunct Professor. 
 He was an officer in the College during the troubles 
 of the Cooper administration. At the November 
 meeting of the Trustees, in 1833, Dr. Cooper asked - 
 to resign the Presidency, on the condition that he 
 continue as a Lecturer in his department, and that 
 Dr. Gibbes be retained as his assistant. December 
 9th, 1834, the President and Professors, at the request 
 of the Board, tendered their resignations. Dr. Gibbes 
 was now appointed to the department of Chemistry 
 and Mineralogy until July, and by special resolution 
 was constituted a part of the Faculty. He was thus 
 made Professor pro tempore of the department. He 
 discharged the duties of the Chair with entire satisfac- 
 tion, and declined the solicitations of some of the 
 members of the Board, to have his name put in 
 nomination at the May meeting, when a permanent 
 Professor was to be elected. Having selected the 
 medical profession, he had attended a course of lectures 
 in Philadelphia, during the summer of 1827, and again 
 in the Summer vacation of 1828, but graduated in the 
 College of his State at Charleston in 1830. In his 
 particular professsion he has attained an enviable repu- 
 tation. He selected Columbia as his home, and for 
 many years has taken rank among its most distin- 
 
HISTOKY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 193 
 
 guished physicians. It was not until 1833 that he 
 entered actively upon the duties of the medical 
 profession. He was then an instructor in the College, 
 but by special arrangement with the Board was per- 
 mitted to engage in practice. In the course of that 
 year, he and Dr. Josiah C. Nott established the first 
 Preparatory School of Medicine, by lectures, in Colum- 
 bia ; Dr. Nott lecturing on Anatomy and Surgery, and 
 Dr. Gibbes on Chemistry and Materia Medica. In 
 1842 he rendered an important service to the profes- 
 sion by a paper on Typhoid Pneumonia, which was 
 published in the American Journal of Medical 
 Sciences. He has frequently attended the meetings 
 of the American Medical Association as a delegate 
 from the State, and has always been assigned a con- 
 spicuous position on its committees. Very recently 
 he filled the position for two years of President of the 
 Medical Association of South Carolina. Unforeseen 
 circumstances connected him for many years with the 
 newspaper press, and as editor and proprietor of the 
 "South Carolinian," few among us for the period 
 rendered a more laborious and useful service. 
 
 He has always taken great interest in scientific 
 pursuits, and has published valuable papers in the 
 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- 
 delphia, (which he contributed much to revive,) in the 
 second volume of the Smithsonian Contributions, in 
 the Proceedings of the American Association for the 
 advancement of Science, and in other Journals and 
 Periodicals. He has a large and valuable collection, 
 amounting to several thousand specimens, in Palaeon- 
 tology, Geology, Mineralogy and Conchology. His 
 
194 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 collection of the Fossils of South Carolina is particu- 
 larly rich in the Echinoderms and Shells, illustrative 
 of the tertiary formation. 
 
 Though, according to Agassiz, there is the strictest 
 agreement between all Radiata in the general plan of 
 their structure, still it may be regarded in the light of a 
 heterogeneous group, requiring further subdivision, 
 and, in consequence, does not admit of being treated in 
 an entirely satisfactory manner. The Echinoderms, 
 or star-fishes and sea-urchins, constitute the highest 
 of the three classes, are most distinctly marked, 
 regarded as most interesting, and have been the object 
 of monographic investigations. They are to be found 
 in a fossil state, and thus have a place in that interest- 
 ing field of inquiry, where the representatives of the 
 same class at an earlier geological period can be com- 
 pared with those which exist at the present time. 
 There are difficulties in respect to the other two 
 classes, the Polypi and Medusae, which I will not 
 mention particularly. I think it only necessary to 
 add, that they are of such nature as to make direct 
 investigations in reference to them less inviting, as 
 they give less chance of success. Though, as I have 
 said, there is a fundamental plan for the whole class 
 of Echinoderms, yet there is a gradation of types, 
 a great variety of external forms, and it becomes a 
 matter of scientific importance to give it its proper 
 independence, instead of confounding it with a series of 
 animal forms with which it has no real relationship. 
 Dr. Gibbes has published a monograph of the fossil 
 Squalidae, which was characterized by Dr. Morton as 
 "a perfect monograph," and Professor Agassiz pro- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 195 
 
 nounces his collection in that department the finest 
 he has seen in Europe or America. 
 
 At one period of his life, in 1829, he made an effort 
 to establish a Public Museum of Natural History at 
 Columbia, and labored at it for some time, with his 
 usual enthusiasm. I remember meeting him about 
 thirty years ago in the mountains of North Carolina, 
 where he had gone with the hope of making some 
 valuable additions to his cabinet. His collection of 
 birds particularly, was quite extensive and interesting. 
 They were all prepared and mounted by himself. Some 
 of them may still be seen in the South Carolina College, 
 in a state of good preservation. He was forced to aban- 
 don the enterprise, as it became apparent that it could 
 only have success in a large city. He has a fine and 
 valuable collection of choice paintings, among which 
 are two early works of Washington Allston, several 
 by Sully and Inman, and others by eminent artists. 
 He has an original portrait of Garrick by PINE, and 
 one of the Seven Ages by Smirke, and is the fortunate 
 possessor of the valuable collection of old engravings ac- 
 cumulated during the artist life of the venerable Charles 
 Fraser, which was a present from that esteemed friend. 
 
 He has published three volumes of the Documentary 
 History of South Carolina, and they have been pro- 
 nounced valuable contributions by Bancroft, Sparks, 
 and others. I think his best production is his Memoir 
 of Deveaux. It is truly a fine specimen of biography. 
 Deveaux was a native of Charleston, an artist of great 
 promise, and died at Kome. Dr. Gibbes was among 
 the first to perceive his genius, and to aid him in his 
 struggles. The work is the tribute of a friend, and 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 written in all the fervor of a pure affection. One of the 
 most striking features in the character of Dr. Gibbes is 
 his untiring industry and indomitable energy. Re- 
 markable for order and system, few can equal him in 
 the amount of his labors. These labors have been 
 multifarious, but he always acquits himself well in 
 his particular position. He is now in the prime of 
 his life, but absorbed as he is in devotion to the medi- 
 cal profession, he has almost withdrawn himself from 
 the pursuits of Science and Literature. 
 
 Lewis R. Gibbes, eldest child of Lewis Ladsen 
 Gibbes, was born in Charleston, August 14th, 1810. 
 The foundation of his classical education was laid at 
 the Grammar School of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, then under the direction of the Rev. James 
 Wiltbank; but his preparation for College was made 
 in the Pendleton Academy in the years 1823 to 1827, 
 under Dr. Edwin Reese and Henry K. McClintock, 
 Esq., successively Principals of that Academy. De- 
 cember 27, 1827, he was admitted to the Junior Class 
 of the South Carolina College, and graduated in Decem- 
 ber, 1829, with the highest honors. He entered now 
 upon the study of medicine, in the office of Dr. 
 Arthur S. Gibbes, of Pendleton, and upon the study 
 of Botany in the fields and forests surrounding his 
 father's residence, near the village. During the year 
 1830, at the earnest request of the Trustees, he took 
 charge of the Pendleton Academy, and gave instruc- 
 tion in the Classics and Mathematics, until a perma- 
 nent Principal could be elected. In November he 
 returned to Charleston, entered the office of Dr. John 
 Wagner, and took his first course of lectures in the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 197 
 
 Medical College of the State of South Carolina. At 
 the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the South 
 Carolina College, December 3, 1831, he was elected 
 Tutor in Mathematics, in place of Isaac "W. Hayne, 
 resigned. While Tutor, he continued the study of 
 Botany in the woods and sand-hills around Columbia, 
 and that of Medicine in the office of Dr. Thomas 
 Wells. I have already given the history of the Presi- 
 dency of Dr. Cooper, and the reader will remember 
 that, by request, the officers of the College tendered 
 their resignations December 9, 1834. In that number 
 was Lewis K. Gibbes. Though I have given a full 
 narrative of the events of that period, the following 
 account of the action of the Board, in a letter now 
 before me, is too good to be lost, and I beg to place it 
 on record: "One fine day in December, 1834, the 
 Trustees, busying themselves somewhat more actively 
 than usual in household matters in the Campus, rolled 
 into one bundle all the Professors, and the luckless 
 Tutor who allowed himself to be caught in such com- 
 pany, and by the help of a polite request to vacate 
 their places, quietly tumbled the whole out of the 
 Campus, and then carefully unrolling the bundle, 
 proceeded to see what use could be made of the frag- 
 ments." As the result of this ingenious process, Mr. 
 Gibbes found himself, on waking up next morning, 
 constituted acting Professor of Mathematics, in com- 
 pany with Dr. Robert W. Gibbes, as Professor of 
 Chemistry, and Henry J. Nott, as Professor of Belles 
 Lettres, Moral Philosophy, and other branches not 
 otherwise provided for! Mr. Gibbes was invested with 
 all the functions of Professor, for he instructed every 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 class every day, except Saturday, beside exercising the 
 high prerogative of voting at the meetings of the 
 Faculty, and acting his full part in the discipline of 
 the College. Professor Henry was one of the fragments 
 found fit for use after the crash among the crockery, 
 but he would not allow himself to be used, and in a 
 few months the Rev. Dr. Capers was added to the 
 number, as Chaplain, and Professor of Moral Philo- 
 sophy." 
 
 In 1835 Mr. Gibbes resigned his office, and devoting 
 himself wholly to medical studies, took his second 
 course in the Medical College of the State, and was 
 admitted to his degree in March 1836. He sailed 
 now for France, and pursued his studies at Paris under 
 " Yelpeau, Andral, Louis, and others. Physics and 
 Botany still had attractions for him; and he attended 
 courses of lectures delivered by Dumas, Dulong, and 
 others of the Sorbonne, and regularly visited the 
 Jardin des Plantes, and brought home from the Pro- 
 fessors there employed, Botanical and Conchological 
 collections in exchange for those carried by him from 
 this country. In November, 1837, he returned to 
 Charleston, and while making inquiries for a suitable 
 location to practice his profession, was solicited by 
 some of the Trustees to present himself as a candidate 
 for the chair of Mathematics in the Charleston College. 
 He was elected in February, 1838, and entered upon 
 his duties in April. From that day to the present he 
 has retained his position. Though originally a teacher 
 of Mathematics, his present course of instruction 
 embraces Astronomy, Mechanics, Physics and Chemis- 
 try, with as much of Mineralogy as he can introduce. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 199 
 
 Professor Gibbes' labors, however, are not restricted to 
 the department of which he has charge, and no small 
 portion of his time is devoted to the pursuits of 
 Natural History. He has given to the Charleston 
 College the long service of twenty-one years, and 
 while he has discharged his duties with an ability and 
 fidelity never surpassed by any of its Professors, he 
 has, at the same time, added largely to the fame of 
 the Institution, and enhanced the glory of American 
 science. December 3, 1853, he had the honor of 
 declining the Professorship of Mathematics in the 
 South Carolina College, to which he was elected in 
 place of Professor Williams, resigned. Professor 
 Gibbes has been most industrious in scientific labors, 
 and takes rank among its distinguished cultivators in 
 our country. I have before me a list of forty of his 
 scientific contributions. None of them are without 
 merit, and many have the highest value. With the 
 view of giving some idea of the nature of his labors, 
 I will remark, that his papers embrace, among others, 
 the following subjects : Solar and Lunar Eclipses; the 
 Phsenogamous Plants; Orbits of Comets; the Transit 
 of Mercury, Comparison and Discussions of all the 
 observations made in the United States on the Transit 
 of Mercury in May, 1845; Catalogue of the Fauna of 
 South Carolina; Discussion of the Crustacea in the 
 collections of the United States ; Comparative Reflect- 
 ing Power of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn; Tabular 
 view of thirteen Asteroids, with comparison of their 
 orbits; Account of observations for difference of Lon- 
 gitude by Telegraph between Charleston and Savan- 
 nah ; Description of a new species of Menobranchus ; 
 
200 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Notice of Kavenel's Fungi Exsiccati; On some 
 points which have been overlooked in the past and 
 present condition of Niagara Falls ; On a new Univer- 
 sal Dial, &c. But it is not my purpose to enumerate 
 the subjects even on which Professor Gibbes has' 
 contributed valuable papers. I will only add, that he 
 has made observations on difference of longitude 
 between Charleston and Washington, between Charles- 
 ton and Raleigh, between Charleston and Savannah, 
 and also observations for latitude of Charleston with 
 the Zenith Telescope, for the use of the Coast Survey. 
 The results of these observations appear in the Coast 
 Survey Annual Reports, and in the published Chart 
 of Charleston Harbor. Imperfect as is my account 
 of the labors of Professor Gibbes, enough probably has 
 been written to assure the reader of his great industry 
 and extraordinary acquisitions. I have only to say, 
 in conclusion, that no one among us has achieved an 
 equal reputation in the departments of investigation 
 to which he has devoted his attention ; that he has 
 reflected the highest honor upon his Alma Mater, and 
 adorns the College in which he -is now an Instructor. 
 
 William Capers was born in St. Thomas's Parish, 
 South Carolina, January 26, 1790. He was a 
 descendant of the Huguenots, and his father was a good 
 soldier of the Revolution. After the usual prelim- 
 inary training, he presented himself for admission to 
 the South Carolina College, and was received into the 
 Sophomore Class December 3, 1805. He left the 
 College before the period for his graduation, and 
 entered upon the study of the law in the office of 
 Judge Richardson. In 1808 he became a member of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 201 
 
 the Methodist Church, and, casting aside his law-books, 
 was admitted within six months to the ministry, being 
 ordained Deacon by Bishop Asbury. It is not my 
 purpose to trace this good man through his eventful 
 life. It has been done with great minuteness by 
 others, and a bright page has be. en assigned him in 
 the biography of the distinguished clergymen of his 
 communion. I will only remark, that he was identi- 
 fied with the growth of the Southern Methodist 
 Episcopal Church for nearly half a century ; that none 
 abounded more in labors and good works, and that he 
 has left a name among us which will endure as long 
 as Methodism itself. Nine years before his death he 
 was raised to the Episcopal office, and thousands will 
 testify to the truly apostolic spirit with which he dis- 
 charged his duties. He died suddenly in Anderson 
 District, South Carolina, January 26, 1855. 
 
 Dr. Capers was regularly called into the service of the 
 College June 5, 1835, being elected on that day Professor 
 of the department of Sacred Literature, and Evidences 
 of Christianity. He declined acceptance. It must be 
 stated, however, that the Committee on the affairs of 
 the College, under the powers conferred by the Board, 
 had engaged him to give instructions in Moral and 
 Intellectual Philosophy, and the Evidences, from the 
 March preceding to the meeting of the Board in 
 November, at the salary of a Professor, and that these 
 duties were faithfully performed to the close of the 
 session. He was connected with the College but a 
 short time, and while I cannot tell a story of long and 
 laborious service, his patriotism is to be commended 
 for having come to her help in the time of greatest 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 need, when she lay prostrate, and in ruins. That he 
 could have achieved the largest success, had he selected 
 this field of exertion, none who knew him will doubt. 
 But though the world was his theatre, and he went 
 about doing good, the College will put in its claim for 
 a portion of his fame, and perpetuate his name on the 
 roll of its Professors. 
 
 Professor Nott, Chairman of the Faculty, made the 
 Annual Keport to the Board, November 25. From 
 it, it appears that on the first Monday in October, 
 Professors Ellet, Twiss, Stuart and Nott, met and 
 made arrangements to proceed immediately with all 
 the Classes. Dr. Lieber on the first of the succeeding 
 week joined the Faculty, and the regular routine of 
 instruction was settled and put in operation. The 
 number of students was as follows: Seniors, 11; 
 Juniors, 16; admitted in October, 55, making a total 
 of 82. The Chairman says, that with the good con- 
 duct, proficiency and spirit, that seem to animate the 
 students, the Faculty have just reason to be contented. 
 I must beg pardon for omitting to include in its 
 proper place the name of Major Penci, who was 
 attached to the corps of Instructors for the year. The 
 Standing Committee employed him at a salary of 
 $500, to give instructions in Fencing and Gymnastics, 
 during the months of January, February and March ; 
 and all the students . were required to take lessons, 
 and the Faculty requested to enforce attendance. On 
 looking over the records of the year, a reflection forces 
 itself upon me, which I must lay before the reader. 
 The depressed, I had almost said the desperate condi- 
 tion of the College, furnished an occasion for review- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 203 
 
 ing the whole subject of education, and plans and 
 schemes, and suggestions of almost every possible 
 character, flitted before the vision of the Standing 
 Committee, the Faculty, and the Board. A Profes- 
 sorship of Elocution, a Professorship of Agriculture, 
 permanent instruction in Gymnastics, in Botany, in 
 French and German, in Hebrew and Arabic, in Anglo- 
 Saxon, Dramatic Exhibitions, all these and others 
 were gravely considered, and some of them partially 
 introduced. Amid the multitude of suggestions, some 
 had real value, and were permanently incorporated 
 into the College course. I need only point to the 
 Professorship of Sacred Literature. In the end the 
 Board came to right conclusions, and I believe that 
 the course of instruction was placed upon as sound 
 and judicious a basis as circumstances would allow. 
 December 2, 1835, Robt. W. Barnwell was elected Presi- 
 dent of the College. The Faculty were authorized to 
 employ Tutors, if necessary, to aid in the Departments 
 of Mathematics, and Greek and Eoman Literature. 
 A resolution was passed asking of the Legislature 
 fifteen thousand dollars to build two new houses for 
 Professors, and to enlarge those already built, and six 
 hundred dollars for the rent of two houses for the 
 Professors, until the new houses are furnished. De- 
 cember 15, Reverend Stephen Elliott, of Beaufort, was 
 elected Professor of the Evidences of Christianity and 
 Sacred Literature. All proper appropriations were 
 made to increase the facilities for instruction in the 
 Chemical, the Historical, and the Mathematical 
 Departments. The Professors having been required 
 to deliver Inaugural Addresses, the addresses were 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 published by order of the Board. The students were 
 complimented by formal resolution for their good con- 
 duct during the past year ; the President of the Board 
 honored them by a special speech, and a circular on 
 the new organization was issued to the people of the 
 State. Their labors for the present were now com- 
 pleted; the work of re-construction was over. The 
 old building, it is true, was pretty well demolished, 
 but it was fondly believed that a Temple more classi- 
 cal and beautiful would rise from its ruins. Great 
 harmony had pervaded the proceedings of the Board. 
 Men might differ as to the relative qualifications of 
 candidates; but certain it is, that every member had 
 in view the honor of the State, and the best interests 
 of the College. The work was now done, and there 
 was remaining no unkind, no improper feeling in the 
 Board. It was an occasion for joy; mutual congratu- 
 lations were exchanged at their last meeting; the 
 College was again safe in the public affections; each 
 renewed his pledge of devotion. "The whole earth 
 is in a moment green again ; trees whisper, stream- 
 lets murmur, and the merry month of Spring is 
 musical through all her groves." What more re- 
 mained? Ah, lucky thought! Let the estates be 
 brought face to face, and talk, and laugh, and eat, and 
 
 at the same table. There is something in this 
 
 ancient custom; age has shorn it of none of its 
 potency. It has all the magic which it had in the 
 days of the patriarchs. It was, indeed, a thought in 
 place. It came from the brain of a Governor, one of 
 the most illustrious sons of Carolina, pre-eminently 
 distinguished for his sagacity, and for the success of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 205 
 
 the influences which he always brought to bear upon 
 men: 
 
 Resolved, That a subscription dinner for the Board 
 of Trustees, Faculty and Graduates of the South 
 Carolina College, be provided on the Commencement 
 
 Day of the College, and that be requested 
 
 to act as stewards in making arrangements for the 
 same. The Board then adjourned sine die. 
 
 I have now reached a period of great interest in the 
 College. Never, perhaps, since its foundation, did it 
 attract a larger measure of attention. Some flattered 
 themselves that its troubles were now terminated 
 forever, and that henceforth no disorder, no violation 
 of law, would mark its history. The Trustees had 
 done all that was possible. They had removed as far 
 as they could the evils of the past, and given all 
 possible security for the future. But no legislation, 
 no edict, no reform, no change of officers, can change 
 the nature of young men, and give the reflection 
 which belongs to riper years. Nothing is truer than 
 the old adage, that "boys will be boys." Life is 
 divided into its several stages, and each has its prom- 
 inent characteristics. That man is a poor philosopher 
 who will expect of youth to drop its tricks and 
 frivolities, and put on the sober demeanor of age. 
 Youth is always impatient, restless, impulsive, and 
 liable to run into excesses. The session of 1836 then 
 had its troubles. Let it be remembered, however, 
 that the disorders were confined to a few individuals, 
 and that the general* tone of the College was good. 
 13 
 
206 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 The usual vices among young men made their appear- 
 ance, and the Faculty were compelled to enforce the 
 laws with rigor. The semi-annual meeting of the 
 Board took place on the 20th June, and the report of 
 the President will give precise information up to that 
 period. From it I learn that many young men had 
 subjected themselves to the penalty of suspension, but 
 the Faculty conceive "that they discern among the 
 large number of students just conceptions of the rela- 
 tion which they sustain towards the College, and an 
 increasing readiness to yield obedience to the laws, 
 and support the authority of the Institution." Under 
 the authority given by the Board, the Faculty elected 
 Messrs. Wilkinson and Blanding, Tutors, early in 
 January. The report of the President at the Novem- 
 ber meeting is of a gratifying character. The number 
 of students has increased to 142, and the prospect is, 
 that the number will be increased before the com- 
 mencement of another year. The College had not 
 been exempt from instances of individual misconduct ; 
 but for regularity, attention to the studies, and observ- 
 ance of the rules of the Institution, the report asserts 
 with confidence, that the conduct of the students has 
 been most exemplary. December 12, Professor Nott 
 gave notice of the resignation of his Professorship at 
 the end of the year 1837. A resolution was unani- 
 mously adopted that the President of the Board make 
 application to the Legislature, to add five hundred 
 dollars to the salary of the President of the College, 
 and of each of the Professors. The Legislature was 
 also asked to make appropriations for erecting two 
 additional Colleges for the accommodation of the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 207 
 
 students, for completing the Professors' houses, and 
 for erecting a new building for the Library. As the 
 period is important, as it is an era in the history of 
 the College, I give the "Course of Studies" for 1836. 
 
 For admission into the Freshman Class, a candidate is 
 required to have an accurate knowledge of the English ? 
 Latin, and Greek Grammar, including Prosody; to 
 have studied Morses', Worcester's, or Woodbridge's 
 Geography, and Ancient Geography, and to be well 
 acquainted with Arithmetic, including Fractions and 
 the Extraction of Roots; to have read the whole of 
 Sallust, the whole of Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, 
 consisting of four against Cataline, pro lege Manilla, 
 pro Archia poeta, pro Milone, and the first Philippic, 
 Latin Composition, or Mair's Introduction, Jacobs' 
 Greek Reader, Xenophon's Cyropaedia, four books, 
 and one book of Homer. 
 
 The studies of the Freshman year shall be Adam's 
 Roman Antiquities, the whole of Horace ; Xenophon's 
 Anabasis, six books ; Homer, eleven books ; Bourdon's 
 Algebra to Equations of third degree, Ratios and 
 Proportions, Summation of Infinite Series, Nature 
 and Construction of Logarithms, Legendre's Plane 
 Geometry; Tytler's History; Blair's Lectures, and 
 Rhetorical Exercises. 
 
 The studies of the Sophomore Class shall be Tacitus, 
 including the five books of his History, Germany and 
 Life of Agricola; Juvenal, six satires; Homer, ten 
 books; Legendre's Solid Geometry, Construction of 
 Determinate Geometrical Equations ; Davies' Mensura- 
 tion and Surveying, including the Method of Plotting, 
 and Calculating Surveys, Measurement of Heights and 
 
208 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Distances, and Use of Instruments in Surveying; Heat, 
 Light and Electricity, as taught in the Library of 
 Useful Knowledge. 
 
 The studies of the Junior Class shall be Cicero de 
 Oratore; Juvenal, four Satires; Homer, two books; 
 Demosthenes; Descriptive Geometry and Conic Sec- 
 tions, Principles of Perspective, Analytical Geometry, 
 Fluxions, direct and inverse methods, their application 
 to Maxima and Minima, Quadrature, Curvature, &c.; 
 Chemistry; Elements of Criticism and Rhetoric; 
 Moral Philosophy and Logic; Sacred Literature and 
 Evidences of Christianity. 
 
 The studies of the Senior Class shall be Chemistry, 
 Geology and Mineralogy ; Select Latin ; Greek Drama- 
 tists; Natural Philosophy and Astronomy; History; 
 Political Economy; Metaphysics; Sacred Literature 
 and Evidences of Christianity. There shall be Lec- 
 tures, Rhetorical Exercises and Compositions, English 
 and Latin, at such times as the Faculty may appoint. 
 
 I conclude my notice of the year with the remark, 
 that the Trustees seem not to have misplaced their 
 confidence ; that the administration was distinguished 
 for its vigor, and that all was accomplished which 
 could be reasonably required. 
 
 The second year of the new Administration is upon 
 us. At the first meeting of the Faculty, January 2, 
 1837, Mr. Charles K. Johnson, of Edgefield, and Mr. 
 William Blanding, were elected Tutors. Early in the 
 year, the usual irregularities and offences of College 
 life exhibited themselves; and the Faculty were com- 
 pelled to suspend several students. The President, 
 in his report of May remarks, that on one occasion, a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 209 
 
 strong disposition to resist the government of the 
 College was manifested by the students, but .the 
 measures of the Faculty obviated the existing difficulty, 
 and did not impair their just authority. The report 
 adds that the students, as a body, have behaved well; 
 and, although they are not as studious as could be 
 wished, they have made good proficiency in learning, 
 and many of them indicate a sincere desire to avail 
 themselves of the advantages which are here provided 
 for them. From time to time offences exhibited them- 
 selves to the close of the year, but in most cases they 
 had no more serious complexion than that which is 
 given them by idleness. There was but one offence 
 of an aggravated character. I cannot help repeating 
 the remark, which I have more than once made 
 in these pages that it is vain to expect a perfect 
 system of obedience to law in a College. The severest 
 trials had very recently been experienced ; the College 
 had just emerged from ruin; the Faculty had uncom- 
 mon ability, and discharged their duty with zeal and 
 fidelity ; the Trustees had thrown around the Institu- 
 tion every possible guard and security; the Legislature 
 had dispensed its patronage with a most liberal hand, 
 the public had unlimited confidence, and yet the 
 Faculty found fit subjects for admonition, suspension 
 and expulsion. Notwithstanding the presence of dis- 
 orders, the College was doing good service to the 
 country, and there were few who were not profiting 
 by its advantages. The official report of November 
 29th gives the number of students at 154. The most 
 unfortunate event of the year is the death of Professor 
 Nott, who, by his learning, accomplishments and ser- 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 vices to the College, had endeared himself so much 
 to the people of the State. The President, in the 
 report with which he closes the year, congratulates the 
 Board upon the present prosperous condition of the 
 College, and adds that at no former period since his 
 connection with it, has there been equal diligence in 
 study, and fewer instances of disorderly conduct. 
 
 I will now attempt to give the reader some account 
 of Professor Nott : 
 
 Henry Junius Nott was the son of Abram Nott, one 
 of the most distinguished Judges of Carolina. He 
 was born in Union District, South Carolina, November 
 4, 1797. He graduated in the South Carolina College 
 in the class of 1814, and among his classmates may 
 be mentioned the bright name of Hugh S. Legare. 
 He had reputation for talent while a student, but 
 devoting his time mainly to general reading, he seems 
 not to have achieved any high success in the regular 
 course of studies. After his graduation, he selected 
 the law as his profession, and in 1818 was admitted 
 to the bar, and fixed his residence in Columbia. 
 There he was associated with many of the most 
 renowned men of that day, and with them had to 
 engage in honorable struggle for the rewards of his 
 profession. I need only mention the names of the 
 Hon. W. C. Preston, Hon. Judge Butler, Hon. William 
 Harper, Col. Gregg, Col. Blanding, Col. McCord and 
 the Hon. "W. F. DeSaussure. To have reached posi- 
 tion among such men, argues no ordinary merit. Un- 
 der these circumstances he did attain high standing, 
 and a good practice. In connection with Col. McCord 
 he published his volumes of Law Reports, known as 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 211 
 
 Nott and McCord's Reports. I have said, that while 
 in College his taste led him to general literature, and 
 though his professional prospects were promising, he 
 concluded to abandon the law, and betake himself to 
 his favorite and more congenial pursuit. This resolu- 
 tion was carried out in 1821. He sailed for Europe, 
 and spent most of his time in France and Holland, 
 where he was laboriously employed in storing his 
 mind with profound and varied learning. After a 
 sojourn of several years, he became a ripe and finished 
 scholar, and peculiarly attractive for his many acqui- 
 sitions. Nor were the Trustees of the College slow 
 to perceive his worth, nor the value of such a man in 
 the education of the youth of the State. Accordingly 
 December 7, 1824, he was elected Professor of the 
 Elements of Criticism, Logic and the Philosophy of 
 Languages. January 17, 1825, he took his seat for 
 the first time with the Faculty, and entered upon the 
 duties assigned him. Perhaps no one ever filled the 
 department with more ability. I know the fact, that 
 some of the first men who ever passed through the 
 College were his pupils. They have testified to me 
 that his intellectual qualifications were of the highest 
 order. Throughout the term of his connection with 
 the College, he discharged his duties with promptness 
 and assiduity, and is remembered as occupying a place 
 among the most brilliant Professors. That after a trial 
 of many years, the Trustees and public formed a most 
 favorable judgment of him, is manifest from the fact 
 recorded in another part of this work, that when the 
 College was reformed in the time of Dr. Cooper, he was 
 retained. He was Chairman of the Faculty from 
 
212 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 January, 1835, to January, 1836, and discharged with 
 great fidelity and ability the important duties of his 
 station during that trying period. I may add further, 
 that when he gave notice of resignation, the records 
 of the Board afford conclusive proof of the regret 
 with which it looked to his withdrawal. But the 
 reader is curious to know in what his peculiar excel- 
 lence consisted, and I shall undertake to answer the 
 question in as few words as possible. I will not say 
 that he had an intellect of the greatest breadth, 
 and that he was peculiarly fitted for philosophical 
 investigation. But his mind was very acute, and his 
 perceptions clear and discriminating. His taste led 
 him to the pursuits of the scholar, and of the Belles 
 Lettres ; and in these branches of learning very few 
 among us had made equal attainments. His natural 
 genius, and his training, were precisely such as to fit 
 him for the chair to which he was appointed. He had 
 read and mastered all that was valuable in polite 
 literature, and studied most carefully the department 
 of Criticism. His knowledge of the ancient languages, 
 and more particularly of the Latin, was critical ; and 
 to these he added the most familiar acquaintance with 
 the French, the German, and other modern languages. 
 These were his favorite studies, but it would be great 
 injustice to conclude that his knowledge did not 
 extend beyond their limits. It is only true, that his 
 chief excellence was to be found in them. It is to be 
 remembered that he had been a professional lawyer, 
 and enjoyed therefore the advantages of its valuable 
 learning, and its peculiar mental discipline. Nor was 
 this all. His reading had been of such a character, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 213 
 
 that with the single exception, perhaps, of the 
 sciences, he could have filled with ability, any of the 
 departments taught in our Southern Colleges. His 
 mind, then, was well stored with varied learning, and 
 he could exhibit it with facility and effect. I should, 
 in this connection, allude to the fact, that he had 
 mingled much in the world, both in this country and 
 in Europe, and few, perhaps, had profited more 
 by it. The incidents of his travels, of his personal 
 intercourse with men, all that he saw, all that he 
 heard, were worked up into valuable and entertaining 
 knowledge. His memory was extraordinary, and he 
 rarely forgot anything. This enabled him to appear 
 to singular advantage. It extended alike to personal 
 experience, and to books; and the readiness with 
 which he could indulge in apt quotations, was a 
 striking fact in his character. He had a remarkable 
 aptitude for seizing upon the diversified forms of 
 human nature, and nothing that was very marked, 
 or odd, or peculiar, ever escaped him. He had a rich 
 humor, and a ready wit, and few turned them to better 
 account. As might be supposed from what has been 
 already said, he was a favorite in the class-room. He 
 talked well, always exhibited interest in his subject, 
 and was fruitful in illustration. He had great enthu- 
 siasm in the cause of letters, was well fitted for pre- 
 senting it in its most inviting and entertaining aspects, 
 and very apt, therefore, to awaken a love for it in the 
 bosoms of others. As a writer he is to be placed in 
 the first rank. His style may be presented as a 
 model of easy elegance, and of simple, classic beauty. 
 It is full of the spirit of the great masters, but yet is free 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 from all servility, and essentially his own. I think 
 that the finest specimens of his style are to be found 
 in his contributions to the " Southern Review ;" and 
 among these I may mention his " Life of Wyttenbach ;" 
 his "Life of Erasmus;" his " Paul Louis Courier ;" 
 his "Woolrych's Life of Judge Jeffrey," and his 
 " D' Aguesseau." But I would be doing great injustice 
 if I limited my praises to the style alone. They are 
 masterly productions in their way, and worthy of any 
 man, however eminent, in whatever aspect they may 
 be viewed. They combine the most . appropriate 
 expression with the most discriminating judgment; 
 the highest critical ability with the most attractive 
 and varied learning. I think I may say of them, 
 that they are not inferior to the contributions of any 
 other writer for that Review; that they are fully 
 equal to those of Legare, Elliott, Henry, or Cooper. 
 This is praise enough, but there are those who believe 
 that he was superior to them all. I am not disposed 
 to place a very high value on his "Nouvelettes of a 
 Traveller, or Odds and Ends from the Knapsack of 
 Thomas Singularity, Journeyman Printer." It is 
 clever, but not of such a character as to place him in 
 the first rank of writers of this class in our country. 
 Having made up his mind to devote himself to litera- 
 ture and authorship as a profession, there is no rea- 
 sonable doubt that had his life been spared for a few 
 years, he would have accomplished something worthy 
 of remembrance. 
 
 In his personal and social relations he was most 
 agreeable. He had great amiability of temper, and 
 cheerfulness of spirit. Though sportive and playful, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 215 
 
 fond of telling stories and representing others in such 
 way as to create a laugh, yet it was done with such 
 good nature as never to give offence. His personal 
 attachments were strong, and I know not that he 
 ever made an enemy. He was generous and hos- 
 pitable, fond of society, and acted his part with all 
 the easy grace and refinement of the perfect gentle- 
 man. He enjoyed life, made the most of it, and was 
 never cast down by present calamity or misfortune. 
 Such was Professor Nott. He was connected with 
 the College for thirteen years, and deserves to be 
 remembered among its distinguished officers. He was 
 removed from earth in the prime of his manhood, when 
 his fine powers were still expanding and strengthen- 
 ing, and his stores of knowledge receiving daily acces- 
 sions. Even when the old man is called to lay down 
 his life, there is to the reflecting, matter for sober 
 thought and solemn meditation; but to die in the 
 maturity of mind and body, at the very time when 
 by years of patient study and laborious toil, one 
 has become fitted for higher and more important 
 duties ah! there is something in this to arrest the 
 attention of the most careless, and to cast the shadow 
 of sorrow and despondency over the brightest earthly 
 prospects. Professor Nott and his wife were among 
 the ill-fated passengers of the steamer " Home," which 
 was lost off the coast of North Carolina, October 13, 
 1837. All accounts concur that he might easily have 
 saved himself, but he preferred to perish with his 
 wife, rather than survive her. His melancholy death 
 excited profound regret throughout the State. At a 
 meeting of the Faculty, October 19, 1837, the sad 
 
216 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 intelligence was formally communicated, and the fol- 
 lowing resolutions unanimously adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That with the most heartfelt grief we 
 learn the awful event which has suddenly swept from 
 life our friend and colleague, Professor Henry Junius 
 Nott, and his companion in life. 
 
 Resolved, That we feel most sensibly his loss as a 
 highly able coadjutor in our Board, as a prompt and 
 cheerful adviser, as a skilful and captivating teacher 
 in the department over which he presided ; and as an 
 individual, of a disposition the most kind and lively; 
 of manners affable and engaging; of intellect highly 
 acute and active ; and of knowledge the most 
 diversified. 
 
 Resolved, That one of his many 'friends, acquainted 
 with his useful life from an early period, be requested 
 to prepare an address commemorative of Professor 
 Nott, and that the Chaplain of this Institution be 
 requested to accompany its delivery with such religious 
 services as shall be suited to the occasion. 
 
 Resolved, That as a token of respect for our 
 lamented friend, the officers of this College will wear 
 the usual badge of mourning for sixty days ; and that 
 these resolutions be communicated to his relatives, and 
 published in the papers of this town and Charleston. 
 
 The following passage in the December report of 
 President Barnwell to the Board of Trustees, contains 
 so just a tribute to his memory that I cannot with- 
 hold its insertion : "I cannot close this report without 
 being reminded of the heavy loss which the College 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 217 
 
 has sustained since my last communication, by the 
 awfully sudden destruction of Professor Nott. I have 
 too often had occasion, in my past intercourse with 
 the Board, to express my admiration of the varied 
 learning, clear intellect, skilful and diligent instruc- 
 tion of my lamented colleague, to render any repetition 
 of his praises needful now. I do not doubt that the 
 Board sympathises with the Faculty, the students and 
 the community, in their grief for his loss." 
 
 All felt that South Carolina had lost one of her 
 most accomplished sons ; one of her small class of 
 literary men. Much was expected of him. His ability 
 had been tried, and he had already furnished a safe 
 foundation on which to rest the brightest hopes. 
 There is something, too, in a death at sea which touches 
 our deepest sensibilities. He breathed his last amid the 
 howling of the tempest and the mighty roar of waters. 
 There is in such a scene a terrible sublimity, an 
 overwhelming majesty, which mingle with the natu- 
 ral emotion of sadness which death always inspires. 
 And it was the death of a husband and a wife, whose 
 last act was one of most affectionate devotion ; and they 
 left behind them an only child at a tender age ; and that 
 child a daughter. No wonder that the sympathy was 
 profound, and it is probable that among the many who 
 found a watery grave on that melancholy occasion, 
 the fate of none melted as many hearts as that of 
 Professor Nott. 
 
 December 6, 1837, Rev. James H. Thorn well was 
 elected Professor of Logic, Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. 
 Authority was conferred upon the Faculty to elect a 
 Tutor of Mathematics and a Tutor of Languages. 
 
218 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 The records of the Faculty for 1838 furnish proof 
 of no little disorder, yet the offences were not of a very 
 serious nature. The law was faithfully executed, and 
 nothing which could be construed into a violation of 
 it went unnoticed. This is true of the year just 
 passed, as well as of the present. I do not know but 
 that the Faculty sometimes went too far; and that 
 Professors reported for little offences which were 
 unworthy of notice. It is but natural, however, to 
 expect that the discipline would be strict. The Col- 
 lege had recently passed through the severest trials, 
 and the public looked to the new administration as 
 having specially devolved upon it the duty of main- 
 taining, in all its completeness, the supremacy of 
 authority. No one can read the history of the College 
 at this period without being convinced that the 
 Faculty were determined to do their duty. Their 
 vigilance, their industry, their zeal, are worthy of all 
 commendation. They had much to do in the way of 
 discipline. An unusual number of students was 
 arraigned; but it was not because of the greater fre- 
 quency of offences, but because they strove to enforce 
 the law in every particular. It was not because the 
 College was in a worse condition than usual. The 
 truth is, that the improvement was marked. The 
 ancient spirit of rebellion had pretty much disappeared; 
 the students recognized the obligations of obedience, 
 and yielded gracefully, and without a murmur, to the 
 infliction of punishment. This was a great point 
 gained in the discipline of the College. The punish- 
 ments were mostly for the sin of idleness. I beg leave 
 to refer to the Report of the President, May 9, 1838. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 219 
 
 In respect to the general condition of the College, as 
 to discipline and mental improvement, he speaks 
 favorably. " I hope, says he, that some vicious habits 
 have been corrected, and that many students have 
 made a fair improvement of thei<r time, and the advan- 
 tages afforded them by the College. Our punishments 
 by suspension have also been less frequent. I am 
 compelled, however, to state, that slothfulness is but 
 too prevalent among our youth, and that the active, 
 ardent desire of knowledge, and the constant and 
 severe application by which alone any high attain- 
 ments can be made, are but too little felt or practised 
 in our Institution." The great want then, at this 
 period, was the want of studious habits, of proper 
 ambition. March 5, Mr. Hawes was elected Tutor of 
 Mathematics for the ensuing year. The President, in 
 his report at the December session of the Board, re- 
 marks, that the discipline of the College has been less 
 troublesome than usual, and fewer punishments by 
 removal from College have been inflicted. He finds 
 it, however, difficult to compel or excite that zeal and 
 diligence in study which he desires. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Trustees had their first meeting in the year 
 1839, May 8, and the President of the College made 
 his report. From it we learn that the deportment of 
 the students has, upon the whole, been good, and the 
 proficiency of the several classes fair. Professor 
 Stuart gave notice of his intention to resign in 
 December the Chair of Greek and Roman Literature. 
 By request of the President, and by consent of Pro- 
 fessor Thornwell, the instruction in Metaphysics had 
 been committed to this latter gentleman since the 
 opening of the College in January. The fact is impor- 
 tant, as it marks the period when he took charge of 
 a department which he was destined to illustrate by 
 great genius, and profound learning. At this meeting 
 Professor Thornwell gave notice that he would resign 
 his Chair on the first day of January next. The 
 report of the President at the close of the year is 
 creditable to the College. He assures the Board that 
 the classes undergoing examination, preparatory to 
 rising, have exhibited diligence and improvement, and 
 expresses the hope that they will add to the literary 
 character of the Institution. But for a recent disturb- 
 bance, he would have spoken "very favorably of the 
 behavior of the students ;" " but it is proper to assure 
 the Board that the authority of the Faculty was never 
 in much danger, and has not suffered the slightest 
 diminution from the disorders of which I speak." At 
 14 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the time of the report there were 166 students in the 
 College. November 29, on application of an Agricul- 
 tural Convention held in Columbia, in the course of 
 the month, the Trustees passed a resolution to the 
 effect, that the Professor of Chemistry deliver a Course 
 of Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry, and also on the 
 principles of Geology, provided that such instruction 
 does not interfere with his regular duties. At this 
 meeting the Reverend Dr. Henry was elected Professor 
 of Metaphysics, Logic, Rhetoric, and Belles Lettres. 
 December 2, Reverend William Hooper was elected 
 Professor of Greek and Roman Literature. 
 
 Isaac W. Stuart was born in New Haven, Connecti- 
 cut, June 13, 1809. He took his degree at Yale 
 College, where he graduated with high honor. He 
 read law in Hartford with Mr. Toucey, the present 
 distinguished head of the Navy department, and edited 
 for some time the " Hartford Mirror." He came to 
 Beaufort, South Carolina, about the year 1831, and 
 assumed the charge of the College in that Town. 
 From Beaufort, where he taught with high reputa- 
 tion, he was called to the Professorship of Greek and 
 Roman Literature in the South Carolina College, 
 being elected June 5, 1835. He entered upon his 
 duties on the 1st Monday in October. It was, as 
 the reader is aware, a critical period in the his- 
 tory of the College. The public had lost confidence 
 in it, and this confidence had now to be restored. The 
 old administration had fallen, the heaviest responsi- 
 bility was devolved upon the gentlemen now appointed 
 to office, and the largest expectations were indulged. 
 That he discharged his duties with great ability, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 223 
 
 that he was all that was expected of him, cannot be 
 doubted. Professor Nott was Chairman of the 
 Faculty, and in his report to the Trustees, speaks of 
 him as "this talented and industrious officer." I will 
 not venture to declare his precise position as a scholar; 
 but this much I do know, that his entire competency 
 for the duties of his Professorship was never called in 
 question, and that he has left behind him a good 
 reputation. May 8, 1839, he gave notice of resigna- 
 tion, to take effect in December. He returned to his 
 native State, and for a time was engaged in political 
 life. Twice he represented the Hartford District in 
 the State Senate, and twice he represented the City 
 of Hartford in the House of Kepresentatives. His 
 attention for many years has been mainly devoted to 
 literary pursuits. He has published the life of Cap- 
 tain Hale, who was executed as a spy during the 
 Revolutionary War, and has now in press the life of 
 Trumbull, the rebel Governor of Connecticut. But 
 he has in contemplation a work of still greater impor- 
 tance. He has already made great researches into 
 the early history of Connecticut, and at no distant 
 period will probably become her historian. Professor 
 Stuart commended himself as a man to all who made 
 his acquaintance. Possessed of the high qualities 
 which mark the gentleman, exemplifying all the pro- 
 prieties which are found in a society of largest culture 
 and refinement, he is remembered most favorably by 
 many among us, who wish him the best success in 
 the noble field of exertion which he has selected. 
 
 The* report of the President for May 1840, is of a 
 most encouraging character. With the exception of 
 
224 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 some discontent with the Commons, the condition of 
 the College is declared to be in a very high degree 
 satisfactory, and the general conduct of the students 
 orderly and commendable. The Catalogue gives 168 
 students. Only one suspension had taken place since 
 the last meeting of the Board, and no student was 
 reported for expulsion. It is to be remarked, that the 
 state of the Commons attracted the special attention 
 of the Board. Perhaps no year passed without the 
 expression of dissatisfaction to a greater or less extent 
 on the part of the students; but at this meeting a 
 communication in relation to it, signed by one hundred 
 and eleven, was received by the Trustees, and a Com- 
 mittee, consisting of four leading members of the 
 Board, appointed to investigate the grounds of com- 
 plaint, and report accordingly. The Committee re- 
 ported ; the Steward was not removed, but exhorted 
 to mend his ways ; the students continued to eat his 
 meat and bread; the storm blew over for the time, and 
 authority was triumphant. The President, in his 
 November report says, that the College is in as 
 flourishing condition as heretofore; that the numbers 
 continue slightly to increase, and that there are no 
 special causes of complaint on account of the applica- 
 tion, or the general conduct of the students. He adds 
 that there is too little ardor in the pursuit of know- 
 ledge, and that the Commons still furnishes occasion 
 for complaint and disorder. The report gives the 
 number of students as 188. November 25, Professor 
 Elliott gave notice of his resignation, to take effect on 
 1st of January. December 2, the Board proceeded to 
 ballot for a Professor to fill the vacancy occasioned by 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 225 
 
 the resignation of Professor Elliott, and the Reverend 
 James H. Thorn well was elected. 
 
 The following brief sketch of this distinguished 
 gentleman is submitted : 
 
 Stephen Elliott was born in Beaufort, South Caro- 
 lina, August 31, 1806. He is the son of Stephen 
 Elliott, well known as one of the most learned, 
 scientific and public-spirited men to whom our State 
 has given birth. He removed to Charleston in 
 the Spring of 1812, upon the election of his father 
 to the Presidency of the Bank of the State. His 
 Academic education was pursued entirely in Charleston ; 
 first under the direction of Mr. Alpheus Baker, and 
 then of Mr. Hurlbut. In the Fall of 1822, he went- 
 to Harvard College, and entered the Sophomore Class. 
 He remained at Harvard until the Fall of 1823, when, 
 at the desire of his father w T ho wished him to gradu- 
 ate at the South Carolina College, he returned home, 
 and 'was admitted to the Junior Class in November. 
 He graduated with distinction in 1825. Upon his 
 graduation he became a law-student in the office of 
 Messrs. Petigru & Cruger, Charleston, and was admitted 
 to the bar, it is believed, in 1827. He practised 
 law for three years in Charleston, when, upon the 
 retirement of a distinguished legal gentleman from the 
 bar of Beaufort, he removed to this latter place, and 
 succeeded to his office and business. In 1833 he with- 
 drew entirely from the bar, and was admitted to the 
 ministry of the Episcopal Church in the Fall of 1835, 
 being ordained Deacon and Priest by Bishop Bowen of 
 South Carolina. He took charge of the Parish of 
 Wilton in December, from which, after officiating for 
 
226 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 one month, he was removed to the chair of Sacred 
 Literature and Evidences of Christianity in the South 
 Carolina College. He was elected December 15, and 
 entered upon his duties in January. He remained in 
 the College until he was elected to the Episcopate of 
 Georgia, in May 1840. He was consecrated at Savan- 
 nah in February, 1841. 
 
 I know but little of the career of Bishop Elliott as 
 a lawyer. There can be no doubt, however, that had 
 he continued in the profession, he would have risen to 
 eminence. He had all those qualities of mind and 
 heart, and all that training and culture, which would 
 have insured success. At the period of his leaving 
 the bar of Beaufort, his practice was good, and his 
 prospects nattering. But in the Providence of God 
 he was destined for higher labors, and for a more 
 extended field of usefulness. He was to be a minister 
 of the holy religion of Jesus, and ' to dispense the 
 bread of life to a starving world. The renewing 
 operations of the Holy Spirit, the goodness and mercy 
 of God, were to be exemplified in his own personal 
 experience, and full of thankfulness he was, with 
 burning eloquence, to tell others of the great things 
 which had been done for him, and strive to make 
 them participants of the same glorious blessings. His 
 call to the South Carolina College is one of the most 
 important events of his life. The Chaplaincy is con- 
 nected with the Professorship to which he was elected, 
 and it was his duty, therefore, to preach the Gospel 
 to the students of the College. I think that I have 
 stated in a previous part of this volume, that in June 
 1835, on motion of Judge Butler, a Professorship of 
 
HISTtJRY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 227 
 
 the Evidences of Christianity and Sacred Literature 
 was established, and the Professor was required to 
 perform Divine service in the Chapel. I have now 
 to add that Bishop Elliott was the first person who 
 filled that high and responsible position. Nor could 
 the Trustees have been more fortunate in their selec- 
 tion. The reader will call to mind the history of Dr. 
 Cooper's administration, and more particularly the 
 causes which led to its downfall. The religious feeling 
 of the State was in a condition of highest excitement ; 
 the greatest of all interests, it was thought, had not 
 only been neglected, but treated with contempt, and 
 now, for the first time, regular provision was made for 
 its protection and maintenance. A great public want 
 was to be met a religion "pure and undefiled" was 
 to be preached to the youth of the State; and from 
 the College, as from a fountain, were to go forth the 
 waters of salvation. An experiment was to be made; 
 Christian doctrine was to be taught from the pulpit, 
 and from the Professor's chair; Christian influences 
 were to pervade the Campus; and a noble Literary 
 Institution was now to have emblazoned upon its 
 portals the significant inscription, " the Christian's God 
 alone is to be worshipped in these walls." 
 
 Though all Protestant sects are agreed, as I conceive, 
 in respect to the vital points of Christianity, yet there 
 are denominational differences which are pressed by 
 some as if they were essential, and, in consequence, 
 the minister of any particular sect is too apt to 
 be regarded with suspicion, and therefore to experience 
 difficulty in commending himself to the favor and 
 approbation of all. This is especially true in the 
 
228 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 College pulpit, from which all pure sectarianism is to 
 be excluded. The very end of the creation of the 
 Professorship was to satisfy the religious public at 
 large ; and a failure in this would be a failure in the Pro- 
 fessorship itself. Most fortunate was it, that such a 
 man as Bishop Elliott was the first to enter upon such 
 a delicate and responsible work. His qualifications 
 were peculiar. Though a minister of the Episcopal 
 Church, his religion was broad, catholic and com- 
 prehensive. He could indulge the feeling of brother- 
 hood towards all who loved the Lord Jesus Christ in 
 sincerity. He preferred the worship and government 
 of a particular communion ; but he was free from that 
 exclusiveness which would make salvation attainable 
 only in it. Without bigotry, without intolerance, he 
 could commend himself to others upon principle. 
 
 It is entirely conceivable, that one might have been 
 elected who would have proved a fire-brand in the 
 State ; who, so far from conciliating the general 
 religious interest, and bringing it to the support of the 
 College, would have aroused every other denomina- 
 tion but his own in opposition, and concentrated their 
 fury upon it. To have inaugurated a most impor- 
 tant movement, to have given success to a scheme 
 about which there were many misgivings, certainly 
 argues no common ability. The doubts of all were 
 dispelled, and the policy and practicability of the 
 measure fully vindicated. He entered upon his 
 charge with a zeal truly apostolic, and the fruits of 
 his labors were soon to be seen in the love and admi- 
 ration which were enkindled in the bosoms of the 
 young men, and in the expressions of confidence and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 229 
 
 satisfaction on the part of the public. He held ser- 
 vice twice every Sabbath in the Chapel, and super- 
 added to this were his ministrations in his study, his 
 lecture-room, and in his daily private intercourse with 
 the students. When it is added that, like Enoch, he 
 walked with God, that his personal life was but a reflec- 
 tion of the heavenly principles which he inculcated, it 
 is not to be wondered at that the gospel was felt in its 
 power, and that the thoughtlessness and inconsiderate- 
 ness, even of youth, should bow beneath its mighty 
 influence. In his lecture room he had to teach Sacred 
 Literature and the Evidences of Christianity. Ac- 
 cording to all accounts, he discharged his Professorial 
 duties with great ability. With a clear head, a ready 
 command of language, a discriminating judgment, all 
 proper knowledge, and patient industry, he possessed 
 all the qualifications necessary to the successful teacher. 
 At the December meeting of the Board in 1840, 
 President Barnwell submitted the letter of resignation 
 of Bishop Elliott, dated Beaufort, August 10 ; and I 
 beg leave to give the following extract : " Will you 
 be pleased to signify to the Board of Trustees my 
 resignation of the trust with which they have so long 
 honored me, and my gratitude for the kindness and 
 confidence with which they have ever treated me. 
 Nothing but my duty to the God, to whose service I 
 have devoted myself, could have induced me to quit a 
 station so agreeable to my literary tastes, and so 
 important to the well-being of the College." The 
 President, in his communication to the Board, bears 
 the following testimony to his worth : "I think I do 
 not express a sentiment which transcends the opinions 
 
230 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 of the Board, when I state my belief that no loss could 
 well have been sustained by the Institution more to 
 be deplored than this removal of one who in every 
 relation has contributed so largely to its honor and 
 welfare." Thus terminated the connection of this 
 distinguished gentleman with the College. He had 
 served it well, and left behind him a reputation dear 
 to the whole people of the State. He was now to 
 appear on a field of still wider usefulness; to occupy 
 a position invested with still higher dignity ; and who 
 could doubt his eminent qualifications ? He was 
 blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of 
 good behavior, given to hospitality, apt to teach, not 
 given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre, 
 but patient, not a brawler, not covetous, ruled well 
 his own house, not a novice ; moreover, he had a 
 good report of them which are without. He was set 
 apart for the most important offices of his Church ; 
 he was, with all faithful diligence, to banish and drive 
 away from the Church all erroneous and strange 
 doctrine contrary to God's Word ; to be to the flock 
 of Christ a shepherd, not a wolf; to feed them, devour 
 them not ; to build up the weak, heal the sick, bind 
 up the broken, bring again the outcasts, seek the lost ; 
 to be so merciful that he be not too remiss; so to 
 minister discipline that he forget not mercy. How 
 well he has discharged his vows, let the history of his 
 Diocese answer. He entered upon his arduous labors 
 with the fervor and energy of one who felt that he 
 was called of God, and appreciated therefore the full 
 dignity of his mission. His field had large territorial 
 extent, and most diligently did he seek the lost, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 231 
 
 strive to bring back the outcasts. His success was to 
 be seen in the rapid multiplication of churches, and 
 the increased interest imparted to the cause of religion. 
 His lot was cast in a community where the general 
 sympathy of the people was with other communions, 
 and where he had not unfrequently to encounter bitter 
 prejudice and perverse ignorance. But who could 
 resist the influences of his kindly, Christian spirit ! 
 He came not to make discord among brethren, but in 
 the unity of a common love, to aid in tearing down 
 the strongholds of Satan, and building up the kingdom 
 of righteousness. He proved himself in all things an 
 example of good works, so that the adversary was 
 ashamed, having nothing to say against him. When 
 I say that Bishop Elliott is a devoted Christian minis- 
 ter, that he has endeared himself to the entire people 
 of Georgia, and that he is as a shining light among the 
 many distinguished clergymen who adorn the pulpit 
 of that State, I simply state what is known to all, and 
 will receive contradiction from none. His residence 
 is at the beautiful city of Savannah, and he has imme- 
 diate pastoral charge of Christ Church. 
 
 If attention be directed to the Bench of Bishops, it 
 will appear that he ranks among the most learned and 
 eminent of his colleagues. With Hopkins, Potter, 
 Meade, Otey, Mcllvaine, and others, he divides the 
 admiration and regards of the General Episcopal 
 Church of the Union. What more shall I say? I 
 have presented him to my reader in the most interest- 
 ing aspects of his character, yet this brief sketch 
 would be very incomplete if I did not dwell somewhat 
 more articulately upon his intellectual endowments. 
 
232 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 His understanding is sound and vigorous, and his 
 taste just and discriminating. He loves the beautiful, 
 and his aesthetic nature rests with delight upon it, as 
 it is exhibited in its varied form amid the works of 
 nature and art. As might be supposed from the 
 character of his tastes, his mind is adorned with more 
 than the usual share of the elegancies of literature. 
 His refinement is displayed in every thing about him. 
 The coarse, the vulgar and common, are repugnant to 
 his nature. With the gross, the sensual, he has no 
 sympathy. Fond of the ideal, he gazes upon a per- 
 fection which will never have realization; and as 
 earth cannot satisfy his longings, he will take his 
 walk into the airy world of pure, graceful and imagi- 
 native fiction. He loves to mingle with the people 
 who dwell in the fairy isle of Prospero, or the sunny 
 gardens of Illyria. Let me not, however, be misun- 
 derstood. His mind is well balanced, and he never 
 forgets the stern realities of life. He knows the world 
 as it is, and no works of the fancy, no dreams of the 
 imagination, ever interfere with the quiet, steady per- 
 formance of duty. His taste is eminently literary, 
 and a great cause of regret with him when he left the 
 College was, that he abandoned a field where it could 
 receive its full gratification. Since his withdrawal, 
 however, he has still had leisure and opportunity for 
 its indulgence, and few can claim a more general 
 acquaintance with books. In early life he laid the 
 foundation of good scholarship; and having pursued 
 his classical studies with care and industry, few among 
 us have made better acquisitions. In theology his 
 learning is full and accurate, and will compare favor- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 233 
 
 ably with that of his most eminent colleagues on the 
 Bench. 
 
 I have now brought my imperfect notice of Bishop 
 Elliott to a close. An ornament to the church of 
 which he is a member, illustrating in his life all those 
 virtues which ennoble human nature, well may the 
 State which gave him birth point to him as one of 
 her jewels, and the College as one of her most re- 
 nowned Professors. He is now in the vigor of man- 
 hood, and who does not hope that a long career of 
 usefulness is before him! Goldsmith has remarked 
 that Nature every day produces in abundance men 
 capable of discharging the ordinary duties of life ; but 
 she is niggard in the birth of an exalted mind, scarcely 
 producing one in a century to bless and enlighten a 
 degenerate age. What a noble calling is that of the 
 Minister of God ! Who could brave the sorrows of 
 the world without the aid of those Heavenly minis- 
 trations which, in the name of His Master, he so freely 
 bestows ! 
 
 " Beside the bed where parting life was laid, 
 And sorrow, guilt and pain, by turns dismay'd, 
 The Reverend champion stood. At his control 
 Despair and anguish fled the struggling soul ; 
 Comfort came down, the trembling wretch to raise, 
 And his last falt'ring accents whisper'd praise." 
 
 May 5, 1841, the President reports to the Board of 
 Trustees that there has been no such important altera- 
 tion in the discipline or studies of the College as to 
 require the action of the Board. The number, he 
 says, is about the same as in December, and, he adds, 
 that we have still too much idleness, too much disorder, 
 and too much vice; "but, as these are not new evils, 
 
234 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 and I confess myself unable to suggest any efficient 
 remedy for them, we must continue to lament, and 
 strive to mitigate them." The most important event 
 of the year is the resignation of President Barnwell. 
 His letter communicating the fact, was written from 
 New York, to which place he had gone for medical 
 aid, and was submitted to the Board November 24. 
 The Faculty elected Dr. Henry, President pro tempore, 
 and he made the Annual Report. From it I learn that 
 the conduct of the students since October has been 
 remarkably regular, and their attention to their studies 
 exemplary. The number of students for the year is 
 169. The Board postponed the election of President 
 of the College until the next annual meeting, and it 
 was resolved, that with the consent of the President 
 pro tempore, and Professor Thornwell, the branch of 
 Moral Philosophy hitherto taught by the President, be 
 assigned to the latter, and that the Board request the 
 President pro tempore to assume, in addition to his 
 peculiar duties as Professor, that of instructing in the 
 other branches heretofore assigned to the President of 
 the College. As President Barnwell's administration 
 is an important era in the history of the College, and 
 as the fact is important . as a fact of progress, I will 
 here give the schedule of requisites for admission to 
 the Freshman class, and of the studies of the several 
 classes. 
 
 A candidate is required to have an accurate know- 
 ledge of the English, Latin and Greek Grammars, 
 including Prosody; to have studied Morse's, Worcester's 
 or Woodbridge's Geography, and Ancient Geography, 
 and to be well acquainted with Arithmetic, including 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 235 
 
 Fractions, and the Extraction of Roots; to have read 
 the whole of Sallust, the whole of Virgil, Cicero's 
 Select Orations, consisting of four against Cataline, pro 
 lege Manilla, pro ArcJiia poeta, pro Milone, and the first 
 Philippic, Latin Composition, or Mair's Introduction, 
 Jacobs' Greek Reader, Xenophoii's Cyropsedia, four 
 books, and the first book of Homer. 
 
 STUDIES OF FRESHMAN YEAR. 
 
 Adams' Roman Antiquities; the whole of Horace; 
 Xenophon's Anabasis, six books ; Homer, ten books ; 
 Bourdon's Algebra, Legendre's Geometry, Tytler's 
 History. 
 
 SOPHOMORE CLASS. 
 
 Tacitus, the five books of his History; Germany 
 and life of Agricola ; Juvenal, six Satires ; Grseca 
 Majora, first volume; Plane and Spherical Trigono- 
 metry, Davies' Mensuration and Surveying, Analytical 
 Geometry and Descriptive Geometry ; History; Whate- 
 ly's Logic; Heat, Light and Electricity, as taught in 
 the Library of Useful Knowledge ; Whately's Rhetoric. 
 
 JUNIOR CLASS. 
 
 Cicero de Oratore; Juvenal, four Satires; Graeca 
 Majora continued; Demosthenes; Differential and 
 Integral Calculus, Mechanical Philosophy, History, 
 Chemistry, Elements of Criticism, Moral Philosophy, 
 Sacred Literature and Evidences of Christianity. 
 
 SENIOR CLASS. 
 
 International Law, Select Latin and Greek Drama- 
 tists, Astronomy, History, Political Economy, Meta- 
 physics, Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy, Sacred 
 
236 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Literature and Evidences of Christianity. Besides 
 these, there was provision with all the classes for 
 Lectures, Rhetorical Exercises and Compositions, 
 English and Latin, at such times as the Faculty may 
 appoint. 
 
 The following imperfect sketch of President Barn- 
 well is presented to the reader : Robert W. Barnwell 
 was born August 1, 1801, in the town of Beaufort. 
 He was educated at the school known as the College 
 of Beaufort, until he reached the age of thirteen, 
 when he went to Charleston, and was prepared for 
 College in the school of Mr. llurlbut. He was 
 entered at Harvard, Massachusetts, arid graduated in 
 1821. At that celebrated Institution, he was regarded 
 as one of the most promising youths of his day, and 
 bore off the highest honors of his class. Upon his- 
 return to his native State, he became a law student 
 in the office of Messrs. Petigru & Hamilton, Charleston, 
 and was admitted to the Bar in 1823 or '24. His fine 
 talents, his well -cultivated intellect, his high moral 
 character soon attracted attention, and a few years 
 made him a man of mark in his profession. In 1826, 
 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, 
 and served one term. Brief, however, as was his 
 period of service in that body, he remained long 
 enough to make the most favorable impression. In 
 1829 he was elected to the Congress of the United 
 States, and after serving four years, voluntarily with- 
 drew. December 2, 1835, he was elected President 
 of the South Carolina College, and in January entered 
 upon the duties of his office. Upon the death of 
 Messrs. Calhoun and Elmore, he was appointed by 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 237 
 
 the Governor, Senator to Congress in 1850, and retired 
 at the close of the year. He has since been in retire- 
 ment at his home, in his native District of Beaufort. 
 I have thus given, in chronological order, the 
 stations which Mr. Barnwell has been called upon to 
 fill. I cannot thus, however, hastily dispose of the 
 matter. A few facts in connection with his political 
 life, and the reflections to which they give rise, are 
 necessary, not only for the illustration of his character, 
 but for the wholesome lesson which they inculcate. 
 Let it be remarked, then, that in every instance Mr. 
 Barnwell voluntarily retired from conspicuous position. 
 No man ever enjoyed in a higher degree, the respect 
 and confidence of his constituency, and few, indeed, 
 have deserved it as well. His eminent qualifications, 
 his conscientious discharge of duty, were apparent to 
 all. If ever there was a public man who had an 
 abiding popularity, it was he; and that popularity 
 was based upon his well-known adherence to principle, 
 and unalterable love of truth and justice. He illus- 
 trates in a striking degree the fact, that a public man 
 can enthrone himself in the affections of the people, 
 without stooping to the arts of the demagogue, and 
 pandering to the prejudices of the vulgar. In our 
 National Councils he fully maintained the ancient 
 honor of Carolina, and took rank among our most 
 prudent, thoughtful and soundest statesmen. When 
 in the Senate, the State felt that her destiny was in 
 the hands of one of her truest sons, and there was 
 no trust which she would not have confided to him. 
 He was a member of that Body at a most perilous 
 crisis of our history, and I remember well the pride 
 14 
 
238 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 with which the State looked to his lofty bearing and 
 patriotic devotion. Higher honors were in store for 
 him, and an admiring people were anxious to bestow 
 them upon him. He was one of the few who could 
 turn away from the glittering bauble, and no entreaty, 
 no importunity, could break his purpose. He saw the 
 vanity of earthly distinctions, and found his highest 
 satisfaction in the bosom of his family, and in the 
 faithful discharge of those quiet and unostentatious 
 duties which belong peculiarly to the private citizen. 
 But it is as President of the College that I desire more 
 particularly to call attention to Mr. Barnwell. And 
 here I am sure it will appear, that he proved himself 
 equal to the position. It is worthy of remark, that 
 when he assumed the duties of the Presidency, the 
 College was in a state of almost complete ruin ; that 
 lost confidence had to be restored, and the work of 
 construction begun anew. I know that he risked 
 much ; that the responsibility was great, and that none 
 but a brave heart, situated as he was, would have under- 
 taken it. He knew well what he had to do ; the toil, 
 the labor, the anxiety, the thousand distracting cares 
 which attach to the position, were all present to his 
 mind. Nothing but a sense of duty could have with- 
 drawn him from his beloved retirement. No feeling 
 of vanity, no desire to enhance his renown, found a 
 place in his bosom. He looked upon it as a call from 
 his State to a particular service, and could not 
 refuse obedience. His instruction for the time was in 
 the department of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy. 
 This continued until the year 1839, when Intellectual 
 Philosophy was assigned to Professor Thornwell, in 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 239 
 
 conjunction with Logic and Rhetoric, and Political 
 and Moral Philosophy were assigned to the President. 
 The wisdom of the selection for the Presidency was 
 at once vindicated by the success of the College. He 
 pressed all his powers to their highest activity. The 
 College seemed to have revived as if by magic. He 
 was sustained by a corps of Professors of great ability, 
 and no one would express more freely than himself 
 the high praise to which they are entitled. The affec- 
 tion of the people returned to their favorite Institu- 
 tion with something more than its accustomed 
 ardor, and a common feeling of rejoicing sprung up 
 in every heart. His clear head, his good sense, 
 his zeal, his labors, his honor, his t courage, his 
 love of justice these exhibited themselves most 
 prominently, and furnished a broad basis for confi- 
 dence. The students were the first to perceive the 
 secret of his power, and they extended to him a regard 
 and esteem which have never been surpassed in the 
 history of our College officers. His popularity with 
 them was very remarkable. Whatever might be the 
 dissatisfaction which seems to be a necessary conse- 
 quence of the enforcement of authority, it never 
 failed to disappear upon the return of reason and 
 reflection, and his motives were saved from all unworthy 
 imputation. In estimating his influence with the 
 young men, I think that his manner of inter- 
 course is not to be overlooked. That person is 
 to be envied who can refuse a request dear to 
 one's heart, or dissent unqualifiedly from a long 
 cherished opinion, and yet produce no unpleasant 
 feeling. Mr. Barnwell combines with great candor 
 
240 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 and firmness in the expression of his convictions, 
 great courtesy of manner, and a strict observance of 
 all the proprieties which are designed to regulate the 
 intercourse of gentlemen. I hesitate not to say, that 
 no student ever took offence at a word which fell 
 from his lips, or its manner of utterance. As an 
 Instructor, he was laborious, pains-taking and careful, 
 and the proficiency of his classes compared well 
 with that of other officers. In his education he laid 
 the foundation of a fine scholarship, and from what I 
 have heard, I conclude that few of the public men of 
 our State can lay claim to an equal familiarity with 
 the ancient classics. 
 
 In the department of Political Philosophy his 
 attainments reached the standard of our best educated 
 politicians, and he had, therefore, all the knowlege 
 which was necessary to teach it with effect. The 
 truth is, without being a man of learning in the strict 
 sense of the term, he has varied and valuable informa- 
 tion, and is entirely free from the reproach of ignor- 
 ance. He is a clear thinker, with a vigorous 
 understanding and forcible expression. He is a good 
 talker, and a better debater. Acute in his percep- 
 tions, ready to distinguish the strong points of a 
 question, he well maintains his ground with the most 
 formidable antagonist, and though he may fall, he 
 will get the praise, at least, of having made a good 
 fight. Others who have presided over the College 
 have had more genius and learning, but none ever 
 had more character. He thinks for himself, comes to 
 his own conclusions, but cannot make the silly boast 
 of never being influenced by the reasoning of others, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 241 
 
 and is therefore free from un amiable tenacity of 
 opinion. With decided views, he has too much good 
 sense to hold on to a position from love of consistency. 
 Always in search of the right, he is ever open to convic- 
 tion ; but no power, no influences, can possibly make 
 him swerve in the least from the line of duty. His 
 moral organization is refined, and his conscientiousness 
 extreme. It may be that his conscience is sometimes 
 too scrupulous, too tender in its nature, and that in 
 its struggles it may embarrass, rather than guide the 
 conduct. I have already intimated that he unites 
 sternness with gentleness and compassion; that the 
 soft and amiable virtues are blended with "the great, 
 the awful and the respectable." He has acquired the 
 mastery over his own selfish feelings, and most readily 
 puts himself in sympathetic connection with others. 
 It is such a character that the philosophic writer has 
 always held up to the reader as most worthy of love 
 and admiration. Need I add, that his whole soul is 
 permeated by the most fervent Christian spirit; that he 
 is a meek disciple of the Saviour of the world. Such 
 is Robert Barnwell, if I have conceived him aright. 
 But I must again recur to the College. The severe 
 labors of Mr. Barnwell told with disastrous effects 
 upon his constitution. It is a great mistake to sup- 
 pose that the life of a President, or of a Professor in 
 the South Carolina College, is one of ease. Who can 
 have devolved upon him a more difficult and respon- 
 sible trust ? Who does not know that it is easier to 
 govern a thousand men than a hundred boys ? What- 
 ever be the knowledge of human nature, however 
 complete the analysis of the motives which prompt to 
 
242 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 action, we are ever liable to failure when we make our 
 reasonings bear upon youth. And the cause is 
 obvious. Their characters are not formed, and they 
 have no settled principles of action. Rebellions often 
 come "like a thief in the night," at the moment of 
 greatest quiet and repose. They remind us of those 
 great convulsions in nature, which suddenly burst 
 forth with terrific fury, and produce one wide-spread 
 ruin and desolation. It is the discipline of a College 
 which brings the greatest labor; it is the eating care, 
 the corroding anxiety, the thousand petty annoyances, 
 which enfeeble the body, and break down the spirit. 
 In 1841 the failure of his health was so great, that in 
 the Summer he visited New York for professional 
 aid. September 23, he forwarded to the Board of 
 Trustees from that place, his letter of resignation. I 
 beg leave to make the following extract: " I cannot 
 separate myself from my connection with the Board 
 without expressing my grateful remembrance of its 
 kindness. Sensible of my own deficiencies, often per- 
 plexed with doubts, and harrassed with cares, I 
 could never have sustained myself in my painful 
 position, had I not been emboldened by its con- 
 fidence, strengthened by its counsels, and, more 
 than all, cheered by the delicacy of a friendship, 
 dealing so tenderly with every error, and always 
 uttering the language of encouragement and strong 
 regard. I beg the Board to be assured that nothing 
 but a strong conviction of duty to the Institution 
 induces me to cast my resignation upon it so in- 
 opportunely. I take an affectionate leave of you, 
 gentlemen, as friend parts from friend. May you be 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 243 
 
 eminently successful in the selection of your new 
 President, so that under your auspices, South Caro- 
 lina, who merits all the love and all the devotion of 
 her children for her steady and noble munificience to 
 this Institution, may receive the rich re-payment of 
 her generosity, in the virtue, and sound cultivated 
 intellect of her citizens." 
 
 On motion, the Board passed the following resolu- 
 tions unanimously : 
 
 Resolved, That the loss of Mr. Barnwell's services 
 produces in this Board deep regret and great anxiety. 
 
 Resolved, That his conduct as President of the Col- 
 lege has been eminently successful, and conducive to 
 the prosperity of the Institution, and has been ap- 
 proved by an enlightened public opinion. 
 
 Resolved, That the reputation of such a man is a 
 just source of pride to the people of South Carolina, 
 and his example, notwithstanding his separation from 
 the College, is calculated to exert a useful influence on 
 its destiny. 
 
 I have to add that the health of Mr. Barnwell is 
 now restored, and that he has frequently been 
 urged to resume the Presidency, but declined ; that 
 he has been for many years a leading member of the 
 Board of Trustees, and is doing good service to the 
 College. The Institution over which he once presided 
 with such success, is still the object of his love and 
 affection. It is the only connection which he has 
 with the public. His zeal for its interest is unabated. 
 No one has a larger influence upon the Board, and 
 
244. HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 no one of late has contributed more to shape its 
 destiny. Possessing the largest confidence of his col- 
 leagues, his experience in College life has given to his 
 opinions an almost oracular authority. Nor do I know 
 one whose services are of greater value. His views of 
 education are liberal and enlightened. He is a firm 
 believer in its refining and elevating influences, and an 
 uncompromising advocate therefore of all liberal 
 measures on the part of the State to advance it. 
 Though he has retired from the theatre of political 
 life, and given way to others to whom it is more con- 
 genial, he has turned his talent in a direction which 
 which will bring an equal amount of good. His noble 
 efforts are known throughout the length and breadth of 
 the State, and of all her public men, there is not one 
 living who enjoys a larger share of respect and 
 admiration. He is still in the prime of his life, and 
 may he long survive to shed around him the light of 
 those virtues which adorn and ennoble his character. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 At all times the change of the chief officer of 
 government is looked to with interest. Certainly 
 true is it in reference to the South Carolina College, 
 that much is staked upon the character of the man 
 who is called to discharge the high and respon- 
 sible duties of its Presidency. The gentleman to 
 whom the sacred trust was now temporarily committed 
 was not unknown to the people of the State. He had 
 done good service in the College, was not without 
 experience in the management of youth, and had 
 unequaled reputation for scholarship and learning. 
 But whatever might be his hold upon the regards of 
 his friends and the public, his present position might 
 be considered as a new and untried one ; and there 
 was nothing in his past life to settle beyond contra- 
 diction, the question of his thorough competency for 
 the discharge of the peculiar duties to which he 
 was now appointed. The election of a permanent 
 President, as has been seen, was postponed ; he was 
 already thought of for the succession, and for the year 
 was to be the object of the most searching observa- 
 tion. May 4, Dr. Henry made his first report for the 
 year 1842. He tells the Board that he is instructed 
 by the Faculty to state " that, as usual, the chief 
 difficulties in the government of the College have 
 arisen from disagreements between the students and 
 the steward, in regard to their respective rights and 
 
246 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 obligations." Nearly the whole report is devoted to 
 the discussion of the Commons system. These quar- 
 rels had resulted in the suspension of several students, 
 an act of discipline which became necessary to the 
 maintenance of order. The report concludes, how- 
 ever, with the remark, that when reasonable allow- 
 ance has been made for the inexperience and indis- 
 cretion of youth, it may be asserted that the College 
 has exhibited as much order and regularity as any 
 similar Institution in our country. "Indeed," says 
 the President, "when we regard the scenes which 
 have been enacted North and South of us, those who 
 feel interested in the success of this College have 
 reason to rejoice that it has escaped the perils and 
 misfortunes to which so many other and similar Insti- 
 tutions have been exposed." It is proper to add that 
 owing to the ill health of Professor Thornwell, he was 
 unable to take upon himself any additional labors, 
 and that the department of instruction for the Senior 
 and Junior Classes, formerly conducted by President 
 Barnwell, was now conducted by Dr. Henry, in addi- 
 tion to his own regular duties. The report of the 
 acting President made to the Board November 30th, is 
 of the most flattering character. He states that "the 
 condition of the College for the past year has been 
 such as to give the highest promise of usefulness ; the 
 improvement of the students has, I trust, been gene- 
 rally such as to do honor to any similar Institution." 
 December 2d, Dr. Henry was elected President of the 
 College. December 7, the Tutorships were abolished 
 from and after the 1st of July next, and Dr. M. 
 LaBorde was elected Professor of Belles Lettres and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 247 
 
 Logic. Thus closed the year 1842. Upon the whole, 
 it must be said to have been very successful. The 
 number of students was reduced to 148, but the tone 
 of the College was good, and the prospect for tne next 
 year encouraging. 
 
 The Board assembled May 3d, 1843, and the Presi- 
 dent of the College submitted his report, with the 
 accompanying reports of the Professors. " In reference 
 to the conduct of the students, it is to be remarked, 
 that improprieties have sometimes arisen among the 
 members of the Sophomore Class, which, however, 
 have been arrested by mild but firm methods of dis- 
 cipline, without leading to any serious ulterior 
 results." 
 
 The President assures the Board that considered on 
 the whole, and in all its bearings, he has never known 
 the conduct of the students more orderly or exemplary; 
 and he appeals for confirmation to the united testi- 
 mony of the Professors. It is proper here to remark, 
 that in the course of the past year, the Board deter- 
 mined to abolish the old Commons system, and 
 substitute for it a " Bursarship ;" that at the November 
 meeting a Special Committee, appointed for the purpose, 
 reported a plan; that the plan was adopted, and a 
 Board of Supervision appointed, with full authority to 
 elect a Bursar, and enter upon the new system on the 
 1st of January. I have now to add that the new system 
 went into operation at the time fixed, and that the 
 President of the College laid before the Board of Trus- 
 tees at the May Meeting, a report from the Committee 
 of Supervision. The Board is assured that the system 
 has been followed by a success greater than its most san- 
 
248 HISTORY or THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 guine advocates could have anticipated. I remember 
 well the joy which sprung up in every heart. The 
 hope was now fondly indulged that the great cause of 
 all our difficulties was gone forever ; that the stomach 
 would now cease its complaints, and that the Irain 
 would have that supremacy which had so often been 
 denied it, and to which, with becoming modesty, it 
 might justly lay claim in a Literary Institution. Dr. 
 Cooper had long ago said to the Board, "that the 
 College is in yearly jeopardy of being destroyed by the 
 disputes about eating." Subsequent experience but 
 confirmed the truth of the remark, and all at last saw 
 the necessity of giving it all possible protection against 
 this danger. Great praise is due the Board for its 
 zealous efforts, and there is no doubt that the move- 
 ment was in the right direction. The principle upon 
 which the new system was based was correct, and I 
 have no doubt that it is the only principle on which 
 compulsory attendance at Commons can be made to 
 work. The Bursar was made a salaried officer, and 
 had no longer an interest in keeping a poor table. 
 He was required to expend all the money paid in for 
 supplies, except the amount of his salary, and his 
 accounts were audited every month. Matters went on 
 swimmingly for a time, but the future was to reveal 
 that even this seemingly beautiful system, constructed 
 with such care, perfected in its minutest details, 
 and commended by the united wisdom of the Trustees, 
 was to work the worst results, shake the College to its 
 foundation, and break into fragments. The truth is, 
 that the Commons had been odious from the begin- 
 ning, and no amendment, no modification, could recon- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 249 
 
 cile the students to it. And no matter what the 
 safeguards, no matter how full and complete the 
 provisions, no human wisdom can give protection 
 against abuses, and keep down dissaifection. But I 
 will not anticipate. At the proper time I shall recur 
 again to the history. The President remarks, in his 
 report of November 29th, that he has never known 
 the conduct of the students more exemplary than it 
 has been for the past year. The year was signalized by 
 the appearance of unusual sickness in the College, and 
 the death of four of the students. In consequence of 
 the great panic occasioned by it, and the apprehension 
 that the sickness might increase, the Faculty thought 
 it expedient to suspend the exercises for a limited 
 period. December 7, the Board requested the Gover- 
 nor to ask the Legislature to divide the Professorship 
 of Greek and Roman Literature into two, and to 
 establish a new Professorship of Greek Literature. 
 The number of under-graduates for the year amounted 
 to 128. 
 
 May 8, 1844, the President submitted his report, 
 with the reports of the Professors. About the begin- 
 ning of March, strong indications of misconduct 
 appeared among some of the students. The members 
 of the Junior Class protested against an act of disci- 
 pline of one of their number, and made unreasonable 
 demands of the Faculty. This was promptly met, 
 and they were suspended conditionally. Some com- 
 plied with the conditions, but fifteen persisted in their 
 resistance to authority, and left the College. Dr. 
 Henry, in his report of November 27, states, after 
 giving certain explanations, that he can with truth 
 
250 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 declare, he has never known the College in a better 
 state of discipline than at this moment. From some 
 unknown cause, prayers on Sunday morning in the 
 Chapel had been discontinued for many years, and 
 the Board very properly resolved, at the suggestion 
 of Dr. Henry, that the Faculty cause prayers 
 to be said in the Chapel on Sabbath morning, and 
 that the students be required to attend at such 
 hour as the Faculty shall appoint. It appears that 
 application had not been made to the Legislature for 
 the establishment of a Greek Professorship, and the 
 Board now requested the Governor to do so at its next 
 assembling. December 18, the President of the Board 
 stated that the Legislature had made the appropriation 
 for the Greek Professorship, and it was resolved that 
 the Secretary of the Board give notice, that the Board 
 will elect a Professor of Greek Literature at its annual 
 meeting in November next. The year gives a list of 
 132 under-graduates. 
 
 The year 1845 is one of great interest, as it closed 
 with a change in the Presidency of the College, and the 
 elevation to that office of one of the most distin- 
 guished gentlemen who ever presided over it. May 
 7 the Board convened, and the Semi- Annual Reports 
 of the President and Professors were submitted. The 
 President reports the existence of certain disorders, 
 and the suspension of several students ; and adds, that 
 the awards of the Faculty were submitted to without 
 the slightest exhibition of insubordination. A report 
 of a committee of the Faculty on the law relating to 
 attendance upon the Chapel exercises on the Sabbath, 
 was laid before the Board at this meeting. As the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 251 
 
 matter is one of more than usual importance, I must 
 ask to dwell a moment upon it. Under the law, as 
 it then existed, a student was relieved from attendance 
 in the Chapel, on the simple permission of his parent 
 or guardian. The abuses which sprung up under this 
 privilege became absolutely intolerable. So many 
 availed themselves of it, that the congregation in the 
 Chapel became diminished to at least one-half of the 
 whole number, and the work of diminution was still 
 going on. Had they attended elsewhere, there would 
 have been less cause for complaint ; but the truth is, 
 that many procured permission from their parents for 
 no better reason than to spend the Sabbath in idle- 
 ness and dissipation. This was well known to all the 
 Faculty. Something had to be done, or the Chap- 
 laincy was but a mockery, and common decency 
 demanded its abolition. The Faculty would have 
 been false to their trust had they submitted. Under 
 these circumstances, they asked the Board to make 
 the attendance compulsory, with certain exceptions. 
 At the December meeting the Board adopted the 
 report of the Faculty, with certain amendments. 
 The following are the leading provisions of the re- 
 port : 
 
 The students of the College shall constantly, season- 
 ably, and with due reverence, attend the prayers and 
 public worship in the Chapel. 
 
 No student shall be steadily excused from morning 
 and evening prayers without a special vote of the 
 Board of Trustees. 
 
 The President of the College may grant a dispensation 
 from attending public worship in the College Hall on 
 
252 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the Lord's Day, and other days set apart for the pur- 
 pose, in the three following cases : 
 
 1. When the parent or guardian of a student resides 
 in Columbia, and desires his son or ward to attend 
 public worship with his own family. 
 
 2. When a student is a communicant with some 
 religious denomination, having regular worship in the 
 town of Columbia, and differing from that to which 
 the Chaplain belongs. 
 
 3. When the parent or guardian of a student shall 
 inform the President in writing that he cannot, in 
 conscience, permit his son or ward to engage in the 
 religious worship conducted by the Chaplain. 
 
 The President of the College is authorized to give 
 occasional permission to students to attend elsewhere 
 than in the College Chapel. 
 
 It is not with the view of making complaint that 
 I remark, that the jealousy of religious denominations 
 exhibited itself as soon as these regulations were 
 made public. They were held up in the newspapers, 
 and the most strenuous efforts made to rally public 
 sentiment against them. I have ever believed that 
 there never was the slightest cause for complaint. 
 The Board acted most wisely, and I trust that there 
 will never be a relaxation of the rules. They have 
 saved the consciences of the students, and their parents, 
 and what more, with reason, can be asked ? It must 
 be remembered that attendance in the Chapel is as 
 much a part of the organism of the College, as 
 attendance upon the Classical or Mathematical Profes- 
 sor. The reader will call to mind the history of Dr. 
 Cooper's administration, which has already been 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 253 
 
 given, and recur to the particular grounds of opposition 
 to it. Public opinion demanded that the religious 
 interest of the College be given prominence, and the 
 Trustees but reflected it. Regular and stated services 
 were ordered to be held in the Chapel on the Sabbath, 
 and they were guarded only by those provisions which 
 were necessary to impart something like stability to 
 them. 
 
 November 26, Dr. Henry made his Annual Report 
 to the Board. The principal disorder of the year was 
 a serious difficulty between the students and the mar- 
 shals of the town, in which "the students were 
 considerably worsted;" yet he makes a good report of 
 " the morals, manners and general quiet and order" of 
 the College. A committee was appointed to inquire 
 into and report upon the state of the College. Pro- 
 fessors Thornwell and Hooper gave notice of resigna- 
 tion of their respective Chairs. 
 
 November 28, the Committee appointed on the state 
 of the College recommended that the Presidency be 
 declared vacant, and that the Professorship of Greek 
 Literature be tendered to Dr. Henry. The Board 
 entered at once upon an election, and Dr. Henry was 
 elected Professor. Immediately thereafter, William 
 C. Preston was elected President. The Board refused 
 to accept the resignation of Professor Thornwell. 
 November 29, Professor Hooper was appointed to act 
 as President until the first of January. By arrange- 
 ment between Professor Hooper and Dr. Henry, the 
 duties of the President, at the Commencement Exer- 
 cises, were discharged by the latter. December 3, the 
 Belles Lettres Department was assigned to the Presi- 
 16 
 
254 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 dent elect; Intellectual Philosophy to the Professor of 
 Khetoric and Logic; Moral Philosophy to the Pro- 
 fessor of Sacred Literature; and Political Philosophy 
 to the Professor of History and Political Economy. 
 December 11, Professor Hooper's resignation was 
 accepted, to take effect on the 1st of January, 1847. 
 The number of students for the year was 122. 
 
 Monday January 5, 1846, Mr. Preston entered 
 upon his duties as President of the College. The 
 state of affairs for the first half of the year can be 
 satisfactorily ascertained by reference to the report of 
 the President made to the Board May 6, and a very 
 full and elaborate report of a Special Committee on 
 the reports of the President and Professors of the 
 College. Some flagrant instances of disorder had 
 occurred, and the Faculty promptly enforced the dis- 
 cipline of the College by suspending several students, 
 and reporting one for expulsion. The President re- 
 marks, that he is unable to compare the condition of 
 the College now and at former periods, but he feels 
 himself authorized to say to the Trustees, that there 
 is a fair degree of order, morality and industry, and 
 indications of a disposition to advance and improve. 
 The Committee report favorably on the general state 
 of the College, and make some very important sugges- 
 tions. Among them is the suggestion that the Board 
 formally approve the design previously expressed, of 
 introducing instruction in Human Physiology to some 
 extent, and that a certain sum of money be appropriated 
 for the purpose of procuring the necessary means 
 of illustration. A resolution to this effect was sub- 
 mitted and adopted by the Board, and thus a most 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 255 
 
 interesting and useful branch of knowledge added to 
 the regular curriculum. At the November meeting, 
 1846, Charles P. Pelham was elected Professor of 
 Roman Literature, and December 28 took his seat at 
 the Board of the Faculty. At this session Professor 
 Twiss vacated the Mathematical Chair, and Matthew 
 J. Williams was elected his successor. 
 
 I have failed in my efforts to procure material for 
 a sketch of Professor Twiss. He was born in the 
 State of New York I think in 1804 and graduated 
 at the West Point Academy. He was conducting a 
 Classical School in Augusta, Georgia, when elected to 
 a Professorship in the South Carolina College. The 
 records of the Board of Trustees inform us that he 
 was elected June 5, 1835, and he is styled "Thomas 
 S. Twiss, of Troy, New York." He continued in the 
 College until December 1846, when he resigned for 
 the purpose of taking the superintendency of some 
 Iron Works in Spartanburg District. There he re- 
 mained for a few years, and then returned to his 
 former home in New York. The records of the 
 College for the period of his connection prove his 
 great industry. If I were called upon to mention the 
 quality for which he was more remarkable than any 
 College officer with whom I have been associated, I 
 would say punctuality. With the exception of a 
 brief period, when he nearly lost his life from the un- 
 expected explosion of a keg of gunpowder during the 
 progress of a fire in Columbia, he was ever at his 
 place when a duty was to be discharged. There is no 
 doubt that he was master of all the mathematical 
 knowledge which is demanded by our College curricu- 
 lum, for his opportunities in this respect had been 
 
256 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAEOLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 extraordinary. I will not say, however, that he has 
 not been surpassed by others who have occupied the 
 Chair, or that there have not been those who were 
 his superiors in the talent for teaching. Let it not be 
 suspected that I am reluctant to do him justice. He 
 was a Professor for upwards of ten years, and there is 
 no doubt that he rendered valuable service to the Col- 
 lege. He has left behind him great reputation as a 
 disciplinarian. He arraigned more offenders than any 
 other two officers of the Faculty, and it is hardly 
 saying too much to add, that he was for a long period 
 a terror to evil doers. It was a common notion that 
 he was on the watch throughout the night, and there 
 were those who believed that for weeks together the 
 God of Sleep withheld his sweet, oblivious influences 
 from him. 
 
 The Catalogue for the year gives 127 under- 
 graduates, and ten resident graduates. The instances 
 of disorder to be found on the Faculty record at the 
 close of the year are not of a serious character, and 
 the condition of the College was good. 
 
 The Eeverend William Hooper, D. D., is the grand 
 son of William Hooper, a member of the first Contin- 
 ental Congress, and one of the signers of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence. He was born, it is believed, at 
 Hillsborough, North Carolina, and prepared for Col- 
 lege by Andrew Flinn, a graduate, and successively 
 Tutor and Professor of Languages in the Univer- 
 sity of North Carolina. Dr. Hooper graduated at 
 that University in 1809, at the early age of six- 
 teen, with the first distinction in his class. In 1817 
 he was elected Professor of Languages in that 
 Institution, and shortly after took orders in the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 257 
 
 Episcopal Church. In 1822 he resigned his Profes- 
 ship, and became Rector of the Episcopal Church in 
 Fayetteville. There he remained for three years, 
 when he again accepted a Professorship in the Univer- 
 sity, which he resigned at the close of 1827 for the 
 purpose of accepting the Presidency of the Furman 
 Theological Institute at Winnsborough, South Caro- 
 lina. It is to be remarked, that this Institution is 
 connected with the Baptist Denomination, and that 
 Dr. Hooper shortly before his election had left the 
 Episcopal Church, and gone into the Baptist pulpit. 
 December 2, 1839, he was elected Professor of Greek 
 and Roman Literature in the South Carolina College, 
 in place of Professor Stuart, resigned. He entered 
 upon his duties early in the year 1840. There can 
 be no doubt of his classical attainments, and of his 
 complete intellectual qualifications for the task 
 imposed upon him. He had considerable training 
 in professorial life, and had profited by it. His 
 knowledge was exact, his mind disciplined, and his 
 habits patient and laborious. I have never known a 
 more honest and careful teacher. At the close of 
 Dr. Henry's administration, it will be remembered 
 that the Hon. William C. Prest6n was elected his 
 successor. Dr. Hooper was now appointed by the 
 Board to act as President until the 1st of January 
 succeeding. November 29, 1845, he tendered his 
 resignation as Professor, and it was accepted, to take 
 effect on the 1st of January, 1847. Professor Pelham 
 was elected to the Chair the November meeting pre- 
 ceding, and Dr. Hooper, at the close of the year 1846, 
 retired from the College. He accepted the Presidency 
 
258 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 of Wake Forest College, in North Carolina, but at 
 present is the President of a highly respectable Female 
 College in that State. 
 
 I have not much more to add to this very brief 
 sketch. Dr. Hooper is not ambitious of authorship, 
 and has written very little. He is amiable in his 
 character, very sensitive, and shrinks at the idea of 
 being brought in contact with the censorious public. 
 He has the rich graces of a fervent piety, and is 
 entitled to every regard for the beautiful consistency 
 of his Christian life. 
 
 Among the important proceedings of the Faculty 
 for the year 1847, may be mentioned a resolution in 
 reference to the Annual Catalogue, which provided 
 that in future the names of the students, on whom 
 honors and appointments had been conferred, should 
 be embraced in the publication. To some this may 
 seem to be a small matter; but to those who have had 
 experience in the education and training of youth, it 
 will appear very differently. No proper effort should 
 be spared to stimulate ambition, and provide appro- 
 priate rewards for the diligent and studious. It was 
 the beginning of a good work, which time was to 
 develope into a system that should include all the 
 meritorious of all the classes. May 8, Mr. Preston 
 submitted his Semi- Annual Report to the Trustees. He 
 assures the Board that the general condition of the 
 College is prosperous ; that the students exhibit a fair 
 degree of good morals, good manners and industry; 
 that few acts of discipline have been necessary, and that 
 no one is reported for expulsion. The Commons 
 system, even under the modified form of the Bursary, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 259 
 
 continued to create dissatisfaction, and the Faculty 
 appointed a Committee to report upon the subject, 
 with the view of having said report laid before the 
 Board of Trustees. At this meeting the report was 
 submitted, and is found among the proceedings of the 
 Board. It may be proper to add, that it received the 
 unanimous approval of the Faculty. It recommended 
 the abolition of the present system, and the substitu- 
 tion of another, the leading provision of which was to 
 give the Faculty the power of licensing boarding 
 houses for the students, under certain regulations. 
 The Board persevered in the old system, but the 
 future will reveal that the recommendation of the 
 Faculty was judicious, and that at last it was adopted. 
 November 24, the President made his report, with the 
 accompanying reports of the Professors. He states 
 that the general condition of the College is prosper- 
 ous; that there is a tolerable degree of application on 
 the part of the students, and that their conduct and 
 deportment on the whole are entitled to commenda- 
 tion. He expresses his regret to the Board for the 
 non-attendance of the Trustees upon the final ex- 
 amination of the Senior Class, and suggests that 
 arrangements be made for the attendance of Trustees, 
 or other intelligent gentlemen, who will make an 
 official report of the examination. He further sug- 
 gests that the members of such Board of Examiners, or 
 Visitors, be allowed such a per diem compensation as 
 will defray expenses. November 29, it was resolved 
 by the Board that at each Annual Meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees, three members of the Board and 
 seven gentlemen, to be selected from different parts of 
 
260 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the State, be appointed Visitors, to attend the final 
 examination of the Senior Class, and that they be paid 
 $3.00 per diem for their services, from the time they 
 leave home until they return. The Catalogue for the 
 year gives a list of two resident graduates, and 169 
 under-graduates, and it is stated that several others 
 were anxious to become resident graduates, but were 
 excluded by want of room. One of the interesting 
 facts of the year is, that the College did not afford 
 proper accommodations for its students, and the Board 
 of Trustees authorized the Faculty to rent apartments 
 as near the College as practicable. 
 
 The President, in his report of May 3, 1848, informs 
 the Board that a riot had taken place in the month 
 of April, between some students and the marshals of 
 the town, which, for the time, produced a state of feel- 
 ing in the College which excited his profound regret. 
 Five students were suspended. The President assures 
 the Board, however, that the ordinary routine of Col- 
 lege duties has gone on with an increased degree of 
 order and diligence. Professor Ellet gave notice of 
 his resignation of the Chair of Chemistry, and it was 
 accepted, to take effect on the Wednesday after the 
 fourth Monday in November next. November 29, 
 the Board assembled, and the Annual Report of the 
 President was submitted ; and it was of such a char- 
 acter as to give the highest satisfaction to the friends 
 of the College. "I am happy," says the President, 
 "to be able to announce to the Board, that the Insti- 
 tution is prosperous, and in my judgment fulfilling the 
 just expectations of the State. The state of discipline, 
 the manners and morals of the students, and the large 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 261 
 
 number in College, not only authorize, but require me 
 to express this opinion." He informs the Board that 
 the appropriation made by the last Legislature for the 
 erection of new buildings, had been expended, and 
 that accommodations now existed for sixty additional 
 students. December 1, the Board of Visitors made 
 its report upon the final examination of the Senior 
 Class. The examination is pronounced thorough and 
 satisfactory. There is an important suggestion in this 
 report, which is worthy of notice, as it was adopted. 
 The suggestion is, that the June examination of the 
 Senior Class be dispensed with, and that the final 
 examination embrace all the studies of the Senior 
 year. The Visitors make another suggestion, which 
 was adopted. This suggestion is, that the first week 
 in December be substituted for the first week in Octo- 
 ber, for the examination of applicants. December 2, 
 Richard T. Brumby was elected Professor of Chemistry. 
 The number of students, including two resident 
 graduates, is reported as 221, 
 
 The mail of last evening brought me the intelligence 
 of the death of Professor Ellet; and under the influ- 
 ence of the emotions which such an event is calculated 
 to awaken, I sit down to offer the sincere tribute of 
 long association and friendship. I have before me 
 his letter, written a few months ago, and I read now 
 with melancholy interest his facetious remark, " that 
 I am not particularly ambitious of the honor of hav- 
 ing my life taken; but in as much as you think it 
 proper, and are to be yourself the executioner, I yield 
 in the hope of being dealt with as mercifully as cir- 
 cumstances will permit." 
 
262 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 William H. Ellet was born in the city of New York, 
 November 1st, 1806. His parents were natives of the 
 State of New Jersey. After the usual scholastic 
 preparation, he entered the Freshman Class of Colum- 
 bia College, New York, in the year 1820, and 
 graduated in 1824. Shortly afterwards he commenced 
 the study of Medicine at the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons, and entered the office of Dr. Macneven, 
 the Professor of Chemistry in that Institution. In 
 consequence of a disagreement between the Trustees 
 and Faculty, the latter seceded in a body, and founded 
 the Kutgers Medical College, to which he and most 
 of the students followed them. There he took his 
 medical degree, and the gold medal for that year was 
 awarded him. From that time to 1831, he was 
 engaged in chemical researches, and gave several 
 courses of lectures in different public institutions, 
 among which may be mentioned the Mechanics' Insti- 
 tute, and the College of Pharmacy. He has told me 
 that he has had as many as one thousand persons to 
 purchase his ticket for a single course of lectures. In 
 183], his reputation as a lecturer was so high, that 
 he received the appointment of Lecturer on Chemistry 
 in Columbia College, and in the year succeeding, the 
 Lectureship was raised to a Professorship. I am not 
 entirely sure, but I think Dr. Ellet left Columbia 
 College in a short time, and had no connection with 
 that Institution at the period of his election to a Pro- 
 fessorship in the South Carolina College. Upon the 
 downfall of the Cooper administration, all the chairs 
 were vacated, and of course a Professor of the 
 Chemical department had to be elected. 1 know that 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 263 
 
 Dr. Cooper put Dr. Ellet in nomination, and I have 
 always understood that on a visit to New York, he 
 had spent several days in his laboratory, and 
 was so impressed by his genius and knowledge 
 in his particular department, that he pronounced 
 himself a fool in the comparison. June 4th, 1835, 
 Dr. Ellet was elected Professor of Chemistry, Mine- 
 ralogy and Geology in the College. I have now to 
 speak of him as the head of an important branch of 
 knowledge. I made his acquaintance four years after 
 he entered upon his duties, and though not then a 
 Professor in the College, I attended his lectures occa- 
 sionally. In December, 1842, I was elected to a 
 Professorship, and our relations became intimate, and so 
 continued, without interruption, to the period of his 
 resignation. I mention this, because it gave me 
 opportunities for knowing the character and extent of 
 his intellectual attainments, which are not given in 
 a laboratory. As a teacher of Chemistry, he had 
 probably no superior in the Union. Most true is it, 
 that none has appeared in our walls who can lay claim 
 to higher excellence. Fully possessed of all the 
 knowledge of his department of science, he had a 
 talent for communicating it which I have never known 
 surpassed. His conceptions were clear, and his power 
 of language most extraordinary. I have never met 
 one whose ideas were more precise and determinate. 
 There was no confusion, no jumbling. He came fully 
 up to the law of Quintilian, that you must communi- 
 cate your ideas, not in such a way that one may 
 understand if he will, but that he must understand 
 whether he will or not. He was the immediate sue- 
 
264 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 cessor of Dr. Cooper; and it is praise enough to say, 
 that in the knowledge which appertains to the depart- 
 ment, he was far his superior, and as a teacher and 
 lecturer, may fairly lay claim to an equality. His 
 manner was earnest and enthusiastic ; he was absorbed 
 by his subject, and for the time seemed to have forgotten 
 everything else. He lectured without notes, was pecu- 
 liarly rapid in his utterance, but the most perfect order 
 of thought was exhibited throughout, and every topic 
 presented in all its completeness and perfection. 
 Nothing was left unfinished, and his lectures, though 
 extemporaneous, had all the finish of careful prepara- 
 tion, and would have served as models of scientific 
 discussion. It would be great injustice if I were to 
 omit calling attention to the fullness of his experi- 
 mental illustrations. I believe that in this he was 
 never surpassed, and that a great deal of his effect as a 
 teacher was due to it. To a thorough knowledge of 
 his department, he added wonderful skill in manipula- 
 tion, and he properly concluded that in no other way 
 could he so easily arouse the attention of the young, 
 and give attractiveness to the study. I have reason 
 to believe that his Chemical course was more exten- 
 sive than that pursued in any other College in 
 the country, and more fully and beautifully illustrated. 
 Nor was there ever a disappointment. Among the 
 many hundred graduates who partook of his instruc- 
 tions, I doubt whether one can be found who ever 
 witnessed a failure. And it was the more wonderful, 
 as his laboratory was poorly furnished with apparatus. 
 The truth is, that among his other rich endowments, 
 he had great mechanical talent; and from the frag- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 265 
 
 ments of broken apparatus, to be found on his shelves 
 and in his cases, he could always extemporize an 
 apparatus with which to perform the most striking and 
 beautiful experiments. He had, too, a courage on 
 such occasions which bordered upon rashness. There 
 was no experiment, however hazardous, which he 
 would not undertake, and more than once has it been 
 my lot to see his laboratory emptied, while he alone 
 would remain calm and unmoved, and carry it on to 
 its conclusion. Dr. Ellet made no pretensions to an 
 intimate knowledge of Geology and Mineralogy as 
 separate and independent sciences. But he was by no 
 means ignorant of them. He looked at them with 
 the eye of the chemist, and had pursued them only 
 so far as he judged necessary for his chemical 
 researches and investigations. 
 
 In presenting his character as a Professor, and in 
 attempting to estimate the value of his labors, I must 
 remark that he not only made his lecture-room attrac- 
 tive to the students of the College, but gave it great 
 prominence among the people of Columbia. The 
 students from all the medical offices, and many of 
 the physicians, were constant attendants ; and it was 
 not a rare spectacle to see his benches crowded with a 
 large portion of the intelligence, and sometimes with 
 no contemptible infusion of the beauty of the place. 
 I may say, then, that he made Chemistry popular, 
 and imparted to it an importance which it never had 
 previously among us. Never have I known one who 
 was more alive to the progress of his department, and 
 he was always among the first to proclaim the discovery 
 of any new fact, and to embrace it in his teachings. 
 
266 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 With a genius well fitted for original investigations, 
 the slightest hint was at once followed by a thorough 
 apprehension, and while the public were awaiting 
 in painful anxiety the full development, Dr. Ellet 
 was teaching it to his class. It is probable that 
 he made the first gun cotton that was made in the 
 United States ; certain it is that the first gun fired at 
 the South was fired by himself in the Campus, with 
 cotton manufactured in his laboratory. He gave a 
 method for its manufacture, for which the General 
 Assembly of the State complimented him with reso- 
 lutions, and a service of silver. He first exhibited the 
 electric telegraph to the people of the State. The 
 instrument was made under his directions in the town 
 of Columbia, and he stretched his wires across the 
 Campus, from his laboratory to the Library. I shall 
 never forget the hundreds who visited it day by day, 
 and the admiration with which they looked upon its 
 mysterious workings. When the first intelligence was 
 brought of the brilliant discovery of Daguerre, Dr. 
 Ellet set to work at once, and was taking photograph 
 likenesses before the next vessel crossed the Atlantic. 
 I think I was his first subject I might say, victim. 
 He had informed me that he was getting up an 
 apparatus, and I was under contract to sit for my like- 
 ness. When all things were ready, he called, and took 
 me to the scene of his operations, which was in the 
 rear of his laboratory. The spot selected was one of 
 the sunniest in the " sunny South," and the day was 
 one of the hottest in a Southern Spring. The reader 
 will bear in mind that the art was now in its infancy, 
 and that the effort of the Professor was strictly experi- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 267 
 
 mental. The light was to sketch the picture, and it was 
 conceived that every thing depended upon having 
 enough of its august presence. To make sure of this, 
 a frame of ten feet square was constructed, and upon 
 this was spread a sheet of snow-white canvass. I was 
 required to sit with my head uncovered in the hottest 
 sun at noon-day, and this frame of canvass was placed 
 immediately behind me. My situation was almost as 
 painful as that of Kegulus, when the Carthagenians 
 cut off his eye-lids, and brought him suddenly into the 
 sun, that it might dart its strongest heat upon him. 
 How long I occupied the chair I cannot tell, but I 
 know that repeated attempts to catch my likeness 
 were made, and that my poor brain felt as if it would 
 burst from congestion. At last it was announced to 
 my infinite joy, that he had a portrait. I left my 
 seat with the feelings of a martyr. There was a por- 
 trait ; but what a portrait ! The eyes were closed, 
 the forehead corrugated, and the expression hideous. 
 Yet it was a portrait, and the great fact proved that 
 the light could paint it ! I preserved it for many years, 
 and though I would not have it to grace the present 
 volume, I would be glad, on account of its historic 
 interest, if it had a present existence. 
 
 I have already intimated that Dr. Ellet's entire 
 knowledge was not displayed s in his laboratory. He 
 was a good Latin scholar and mathematician, and had 
 a familiar acquaintance with several of the modern 
 languages of Europe. It is a great mistake to suppose 
 that he was a chemist only. His reading was general, 
 and in polite literature there were few among us who 
 could boast superior attainments. In truth, there 
 
268 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 were few men as well informed, and on no subject was 
 he entirely ignorant. Upon the whole, he impressed 
 all who came in contact with him. He was a man of 
 genius and learning, and deserves a place among 
 the most distinguished Professors of the College. He 
 was a Professor for thirteen years, and through that 
 long period, Professors, Students and Trustees, testify 
 to his great ability. His letter of resignation is dated 
 May 3d, 1848. In it he asks that his resignation may 
 take effect at such time as may be most convenient 
 for the appointment of a successor. He takes occa- 
 sion also to express the deep sense of the kindness and 
 courtesy which have been uniformly extended to him 
 by the Board of Trustees. His resignation was 
 accepted, to take effect on the 4th Monday in Novem- 
 ber ensuing. December 2, 1848, his successor, Pro- 
 fessor Brumby, was elected, and in a few days Professor 
 Ellet retired from the College He returned to his 
 native city, New York, and from that time to the 
 period of his death, filled no public position. He 
 received repeated solicitations, but declined them. He 
 devoted himself to the prosecution of practical 
 chemistry, and to investigations connected with the 
 chemical arts. For some years before his death, with 
 other occupations he held the office of chemist to the 
 Manhattan Gas Company, and for the prosecution 
 of his labors, was provided with an admirable 
 laboratory. He died on the morning of the 27th 
 January, 1859, of an affection of the heart; and 
 known as he was throughout the limits of our 
 State, I am sure that the announcement will call to 
 mind his eminent services in the South Carolina Col- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 269 
 
 lege, and produce one profound emotion of sorrow and 
 regret. 
 
 I cannot close this sketch without making a brief 
 allusion to a letter which I received from Dr. Lieber, 
 after I had completed it. It is as honorable to the 
 writer as to Dr. Ellet, whose death he announces in 
 terms not only of respect, but affection. He attended 
 his funeral, which took place at the house of his friend 
 Professor Oilman. He assures me that all the men 
 of science in New York accord to him the highest 
 genius for scientific pursuits. "He died professing 
 his faith in Christ. So we go ; it is but the difference 
 of a span of time." 
 
 The year 1849 is remarkable for presenting on its 
 Catalogue the largest number of students ever as- 
 sembled within the walls. Mr. Preston had suffered 
 from a protracted indisposition, and the duties of the 
 President had for the time been devolved by the Faculty 
 upon Dr. Lieber. He .made the report therefore to 
 the Board at its meeting, May 9. The College is 
 declared to be in a sound and flourishing state, and 
 the feeling of the students towards the Professors all 
 that could be desired. No serious disturbance had 
 taken place, though the Faculty had been compelled 
 to suspend three students. Mr. Preston^s health was 
 sufficiently restored to allow him to resume his duties in 
 October. November 28, he submitted his report to 
 the Board of Trustees, with the reports of the Pro- 
 fessors. He remarks that it had been his intention, 
 until within a week or two, to assure the Board that 
 the College was in every respect in a more prosperous 
 condition than he had ever knpwn it; but that lately 
 17 
 
270 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 an unexpected and unaccountable disposition had been 
 manifested by the students to indulge in disorderly 
 noises, by whooping in the Campus at night; a practice 
 which he flattered himself had been finally suppressed. 
 This is the only matter of complaint, and he only 
 notices it because it has marred the consistency of so 
 long a course of correct demeanor. He commends in 
 strong language the order and discipline of the College. 
 The report of the Reverend Dr. Oilman, Chairman of 
 the Board of Visitors, is worthy of notice, as it is very 
 elaborate, and full of the most important suggestions. 
 Upon considering the character of the author, his high 
 scholarship and learning, his well-known interest in 
 the cause of education, and the additional fact that a 
 portion of his life was devoted to the business of 
 instruction in the highest literary institution of the 
 country, it appears but proper that some of these sug- 
 gestions be laid before the public, that they may 
 receive the general attention to which they are 
 entitled. He found the amount of scholarship different 
 in the different departments, and very unequal in the 
 individuals composing the class. He insists that after 
 making every fair allowance for timidity, absence of 
 mind, inferiority of power, or accidental frailty of 
 memory on the part of the students, the difference 
 still indicates a large vacuum in scholarship which 
 ought to be filled; and the inquiry, how can the edu- 
 cational machinery of the College be so modified and 
 improved as essentially to effect the purpose, presses 
 itself upon the attention. It is suggested that the 
 early age at which students are allowed to enter the 
 College, is one of the causes of the comparatively low 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 271 
 
 range of attainment in many. Another cause is the 
 paucity of teachers, or of hours of instruction. It is 
 the unavoidable result of such a state of things, that 
 weeks must elapse in which students are not called 
 upon to recite. This fact must tend very much to 
 discourage, if not to demoralize those students who 
 are affected by it, and to depress the standard ot 
 sholarship. The report states with truth, that the 
 great desideratum in the apparatus of instruction, 
 seems to be some method of pressing the indifferent, 
 the apathetic, and the mediocres, to the top of their 
 powers. The Board of Visitors recommend the 
 appointment of three Tutors, or Assistant Professors ; 
 one for the Greek, one for the Latin, and one for the 
 Mathematics. A third defect is to be found in the 
 comparatively small number of honors and appoint- 
 ments assigned to the Annual Commencement. This 
 is regarded by the Board as a matter of great impor- 
 tance, and is argued at length. The principal objection 
 urged in the report to the present state of things is, 
 that very many students, despairing of a station among 
 the foremost number, become discouraged, and relapse 
 to a point of exertion just sufficient to carry them 
 through their course without censure, and that it is a 
 sort of misfortune to belong to a large class since the 
 same amount of mind and scholarship which would 
 be rewarded in a smaller, becomes swamped in a 
 larger. It is argued that if College honors are held 
 out at all for a stimulus and encouragement, why 
 should not the principle be acted upon to the utmost 
 practicable degree ? Why should not a number be 
 assigned sufficient to reward all the respectable and 
 
272 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 industrious talent in the Class? The report adds, 
 that there can be no question that if one half of every 
 class were regarded as certain candidates for these 
 distinctions, the difference would be immediately per- 
 ceptible in the Senior Examination. It considers the 
 objection of the loss of time and tediousness to which 
 the audience at Commencement would be exposed, and 
 disposes of it by the remark, that such an objection is 
 not to be weighed against the prodigious momentum 
 for good arising from the distribution of honors, and 
 which so peculiarly addresses the feelings of our young 
 men at the South. The report supports its recom- 
 mendation by reference to the Northern Colleges. 
 These have tried the effects of a small number of 
 appointments, and, after experience, have found it ex- 
 pedient, and even necessary, to resort to a policy of a 
 more generous distribution of honors. 
 
 The Board also recommends the introduction into 
 the College of instruction in the modern languages, 
 upon the ground, that so great is the intellectual 
 wealth laid up in these languages, so important 
 through life are the advantages arising from a thor- 
 ough acquaintance with them, and so general has 
 become their study in Academical Institutions, that it 
 would seem the South Carolina College ought not to 
 be behind the age in departments so commanding, 
 but contribute its share among many other benefits, in 
 effacing the dishonor attached to American diplomacy, 
 which can so seldom employ any other but its own 
 vernacular in foreign courts. The Board, in conclu- 
 sion, bears testimony to the pleasing and gentlemanly 
 deportment of the class under examination; to the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 273 
 
 patience exhibited throughout; the manly interest 
 they seemed to feel in the protracted exercises, and 
 the happy moral influences at work within the Cam- 
 pus. The Commons Hall, too, received its praise. 
 The deportment of the students was unexceptionable, 
 and everything in the Commons indicated neatness, 
 regularity, and even comfort. Still the Board is not 
 without complaints on the part of some against the 
 system; and the suggestion is made, that students be 
 allowed to board at certain licensed houses in Colum- 
 bia. The number of students for the year, including 
 five resident graduates, was 237. Upon the whole, I 
 conclude that the year 1849 is entitled to a most 
 exalted position in the history of the College. Take 
 it altogether, I know not what year can lay claim to 
 greater brilliancy and success. Never did the College 
 have as large numbers ; never did it have greater 
 internal quiet, and never did it enjoy a larger measure 
 of the public confidence. I remember well the pride 
 with which the people looked to it. Many now 
 thought that its days of trial and trouble were gone 
 forever; that the future, year by year, would only 
 reveal an increasing brightness and glory. But the 
 hope was fallacious. The most desolating storms have 
 since passed over it, and its friends have been made 
 to tremble for its very existence. But while none 
 should indulge in the vain hope of perfectibility, let 
 none give way to despondency. After all, the College 
 is accomplishing the great end of its creation. Periodi- 
 cal disorders will ever take place. The cause is to 
 be found in the nature of youth, and the only problem 
 really presented is, how can these disorders be dimin- 
 
274 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 ished not how can they be exterminated ; how can 
 they be best held in check not how can they be best 
 prevented altogether? They have always existed in 
 Colleges in some form or other; and as long as 
 human nature is as it is, they ever will. Years, such 
 as I am now considering, are bright spots in the 
 history of youth. They are years when levity and 
 thoughtlessness, rashness and inconsiderateness, are 
 exchanged for the sober reflection of mature life. 
 Every age has its peculiarities, and the excitability of 
 youth is prone to overleap its proper boundaries; to 
 rush impetuously upon 
 
 " Pleasure's path, or passion's mad career." 
 
 Let this truth always enter into our calculations in 
 respect to the conduct of young men, and let us not 
 be disappointed by their impulsiveness, their reckless- 
 ness, and their folly. No system of discipline can 
 give the ripe reflection which belongs to a later period. 
 Disorders may suddenly come forth with tremendous 
 violence ; and that Instructor in a College is truly wise, 
 who holds himself in constant readiness to meet them. 
 It is possible to beget a public sentiment in the young 
 men themselves, which in the main will, for a time 
 at least, afford comparative protection. And though 
 the law must be enforced, when it suffers violation, 
 yet I do insist, that without this stronger power, I 
 mean the moral sentiment of the College itself, all 
 other influences will be vain and useless. The truth 
 is, that rarely has there been in the College as elevated 
 a tone as existed at the period when there were two 
 hundred and thirty-seven students in its walls. In 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 275 
 
 this was found the great security. It is worthy of 
 mention, that the Board consolidated the offices of 
 Librarian, Treasurer and Secretary of the Faculty, 
 and amended the by-laws accordingly. The present 
 Librarian and Treasurer were permitted to retain their 
 respective offices until the next meeting of the Board 
 in December, 1850, at which time an election would 
 take place, and the new regulations go into effect. 
 
 But I am now to trace the history of the year 1850. 
 At the meeting of the Board, May 8, the President 
 made his report. Up to the 9th of April, the College 
 was in a most prosperous condition. There had been 
 no disorder worthy of notice. So perfect had been 
 the order, that congratulatipns had been exchanged 
 among the officers, and frequent compliments expressed 
 by the people of the Town. About the 9th of April, 
 the face of things was suddenly and violently changed 
 by an unexpected insurrection of the whole Junior 
 Class. This rebellion was about a mere trifle, and the 
 history of it, as given by the President in a circular 
 addressed to the members of the Board, leaves the 
 class without any excuse. A Professor leaves the 
 College, and his vacant hours with the Junior Class 
 are assigned to another Professor. Surely there was 
 no pretext for rebellion under such circumstances; 
 the right to assign the hours cannot in reason be 
 questioned, and the duty of obedience, therefore, wa 
 manifest. But the class acted upon its interpretation 
 of the law. I must here say what, perhaps, I have 
 in substance said before, that the students have 
 nothing to do with its interpretation. The fact 
 cannot be too often repeated. It is this false notion 
 
276 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 which produces nearly all the rebellions. The Faculty 
 alone are to interpret the laws, and the simple duty 
 of the student is obedience. It would be monstrous 
 if it were otherwise. Grant to them that right, and 
 the College could not possibly be administered. Issues 
 would be of daily occurrence, and there would be one 
 perpetual conflict of opinion. Nor is there any cause 
 of complaint. They are the subjects, the governed, 
 and it is in precise analogy with the administration of 
 justice everywhere else. They have their appeal to 
 a higher tribunal, and are therefore protected against 
 any despotic exercise of power. Let the student 
 learn that the Trustees enact the laws, and that 
 to the Faculty alone is committed the high trust of 
 interpreting them, and putting them in operation. 
 The Commons, too, again became a source of trouble 
 and vexation. For some time its affairs had been so 
 well administered by the gentleman in charge, that 
 the students had ceased all complaint. I think that 
 I can assert, from a thorough knowledge of all its 
 details, that the table was good ; that all the arrange- 
 ments were as perfect as the nature of the case would 
 allow, and that nine-tenths of the young men fared 
 better than they did at home. What, then, was the 
 cause of the growing dissatisfaction ? How is it that 
 from the very foundation of the Commons, the never- 
 ceasing murmur of discontent now and then bursts 
 forth into violence ? The Bursar was a gentleman of 
 character and position, and endeared to the whole 
 people of Carolina, and to the youth especially, by 
 the recollection of the brilliant services which he had 
 rendered in the war with Mexico. I cannot better 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 277 
 
 explain the matter, than by adopting the language 
 of Professor Thornwell, which is to be found in 
 his report at that period. " The dissatisfaction of 
 the students, as it appears to me, arises from the 
 unpleasant association connected with the place, as a 
 place of compulsory boarding. The disgust extends 
 to everything about the establishment, and by a natural 
 illusion they transfer to their food the prejudices 
 against the system which provides it." It will be seen 
 that the College was in trouble; that there was a 
 rebellion of the Junior .Class against the authority of 
 a Professor, and finally of the Faculty, and great 
 discontent with the Commons. The first difficulty 
 terminated in the suspension of sixty students, and 
 the consequent breaking up, for the time, of the Junior 
 Class. May 10, Mr. Preston, in consequence of 
 increasing ill-health, tendered his resignation, but no 
 action was taken upon it by the Board. At the meet- 
 ing of the Board, November 27, his health was 
 improved, and his resignation withdrawn. He reports 
 the College as having recovered its wonted steadiness 
 after the severe trial to which it had been subjected 
 in the Spring, and as going on prosperously. In con- 
 clusion, the year 1850 cannot be regarded as a bright 
 one in the history of the College. I am wholly unable 
 to account for its disorders. I can find no internal 
 cause. The Faculty never discharged their duty with 
 more promptitude and fidelity, and the comfort of 
 the students was more consulted in the Commons than 
 at any former period. But I pass on to the year 1851, 
 and I am sorry to report the occurrence of disaster 
 and disorder. In March a fire occurred, which de- 
 
278 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 stroyed one College, and seriously threatened the 
 adjoining centre-builing and wing, and certain houses 
 occupied by officers of the College. This was certainly 
 calamity enough for one session; but the President 
 reports the exhibition of ill-feeling and insubordination 
 among the students. This began in the removal of 
 the bell, and was followed by the series of petty 
 annoyances and disturbances to which such an incident 
 would naturally give rise. The young men, as usual, 
 stood upon their rights, and turned lawyers. Here 
 came the nicest refinement, the subtlest metaphysics 
 of construction. Are the students compelled to attend 
 upon any other summons than that of a bell? And 
 are they bound to regard any other bell than the bell 
 regularly provided for the purpose ? Or, are the Faculty 
 authorized to call them to recitation by the sound 
 of the drum, the blast of the bugle, or by any other 
 signal? Or, must the students perform their services 
 at the appointed hour in the absence of the bell or any 
 other summons? These were the grave questions 
 presented for deliberation. It was, I believe, a new 
 case, and there was no light of precedent to guide 
 through the pitchy darkness. The Faculty, however, 
 came to decided conclusions. The accustomed mode 
 of summons was now impossible, from the act of the 
 students. If the tones of the old bell alone had 
 power to command, then the exercises were suspended 
 indefinitely. This ground, then, was summarily dis- 
 posed of. It was decided that a bell was a bell, and 
 that for the purposes of a College, one was as poten- 
 tial as another. An auction bell was substituted, and a 
 servant was instructed to go before the Colleges at the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 279 
 
 appointed hours, and ring it. But here was another 
 delicate question. The bell-ringer is a kind of officer 
 in the College, recognized in the law, with his duties 
 prescribed, receiving a certain compensation in board 
 and instruction, and he must be a white man. But 
 this point, though made, was suddenly disposed of by 
 the students taking the bell from him, and thus 
 deposing him from his station. The Faculty then 
 determined that the students should attend the exer- 
 cises at the legal hours, whether a bell was rung or 
 not. The gallant Sophomores put the authority at 
 defiance, and resolved that they would not attend 
 prayers or recitations the next morning without the 
 summons of the bell. The flag of rebellion was now 
 fully unfurled, and many of the members of the 
 Junior and Freshman Classes rallied around it. The 
 Seniors, however, stood firm, and gave no countenance 
 to the movement. Things were bad enough, but they 
 were soon to get better. The storm was at its greatest- 
 fury, but its raging was soon to cease. Luckily some 
 of the Trustees were within the walls, and it was sug- 
 gested that a temporary bell be hung in the usual .place, 
 (the cupola,) and rung at the usual hour next morn- 
 ing. The effect was magical; the students gave a 
 prompt obedience, and the spirit of letters again 
 breathed upon all its gentle influences. 
 
 Some of my readers may think that the troubles to 
 which I have called attention were entitled to no more 
 than a bare allusion. This may be so, but I have 
 thought that the matter may be turned to profitable 
 account. It illustrates the facility with which a re- 
 bellion may be gotten up in College, and the many 
 
280 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 difficulties in the way of government; the special 
 pleading to which students are so much addicted, and 
 the uncalled for jealousy with which they watch over 
 their imaginary rights; and finally, the weakness of 
 any system of laws which by possibility allows the 
 student to contest their meaning, their wisdom, or ex- 
 pediency, and thus to raise issues between himself and 
 the authorities of the College. After all, though 
 disorders, in whatever form they appear, must be 
 condemned, and particularly those which result from 
 combination, still the College in this instance sustained 
 no very serious injury, and the effects soon passed 
 away. Professor Thornwell having received a call to 
 become the Pastor of Glebe Street Church, Charleston, 
 asked leave to resign his Professorship, and leave was 
 granted him to terminate his connection on the 15th 
 instant. At the meeting of November 26, Mr. Preston 
 made his Annual Keport. He remarks that from the 
 period of the adjournment of the Board in the Spring 
 until the termination of the session, the condition of 
 the College was uninterruptedly prosperous, and that 
 the session was closed by an examination of the 
 Sophomore Class, the most creditable and honorable 
 to it. But he adds, that the class thought proper to 
 signalize the triumphant exhibition by a boisterous 
 riot. The case, however, was but a case of noisy frolic 
 at night, continued for a time in the Campus, and 
 though of course to be sternly condemned, yet inflict- 
 ing no very serious injury. The communication, 
 however, derives its principal interest from the fact, 
 that in it Mr. Preston tenders his resignation of the 
 Presidency of the College, and that in a few days his 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 281 
 
 connection was to cease. It is worthy of mention that 
 the Reverend Dr. Howe submitted the report of the 
 Board of Visitors on the final examination of the Senior 
 Class. He attended alone, but his great learning and 
 rare scholarship claim for his conclusions the highest 
 importance. He approves cordially of the mode of 
 written examinations, and commends the method of 
 instruction as far as results prove any thing. He 
 concludes in the following language : " What I have 
 seen and heard during the examination, has given me 
 a higher appreciation of the College as a place of edu- 
 cation than I had before entertained, though always 
 holding it in a very high esteem." Mr. Preston hav- 
 ing dissolved his connection with the College, the 
 Faculty appointed Professor Lieber their Chairman, 
 and the Trustees requested him to preside at the 
 Commencement Exercises. December 2, Reverend 
 James H. Thornwell was elected President of the 
 College, and Reverend J. L. Reynolds was elected 
 Professor of Belles Letters and Elocution. The 
 history of the year which I have thus presented must 
 be regarded as eventful. The resignation of Professor 
 Thornwell, the resignation of President Preston, the 
 recall of Dr. Thornwell and his election to the Presi- 
 dency, the election of Dr. Reynolds, these are events 
 of great interest, and must always stand out 
 prominently. The administration of Mr. Preston is 
 now terminated, and in accordance with my plan, I 
 undertake to present him more distinctly to my reader. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 William Campbell Preston was born in Philadelphia, 
 December 27, 1794. Congress was then in session, of 
 which his father was a member, and thus he happened 
 to be born in that city. His paternal grandfather 
 was Lieutenant-Commandant of Augusta County 
 during the Revolution, and then and afterwards of the 
 Militia of Western Virginia, from the Blue Ridge to 
 the Ohio. His mother was the only child of Colonel 
 Campbell, of Kings' Mountain, and her mother was 
 a sister of Patrick Henry. His earliest teacher was 
 Peter Byrnes, an Irishman, who came into his grand 
 father's family in 1780, and continued to teach succes- 
 sive generations until his death, at a very advanced 
 age. From Byrnes, however, he derived no other 
 advantage than the learning of the alphabet, and the 
 imperfect reading of the Testament. At the period of 
 Byrnes' death, Mr. Preston was twelve years old, and 
 he was then placed under the instruction of a Mr. 
 Hercules Whaley. By this gentleman he was intro- 
 duced to the study of Latin, and as he was a very 
 accomplished scholar, and had great familiarity, not 
 only with the Latin, but with the English and French 
 Literature, he created in him a taste for these 
 languages. He was accomplished in the art of read- 
 ing, and delighted and fascinated his pupil by the 
 exhibitions of his great power in that respect. In his 
 
284 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 fourteenth year he was sent to Washington College, 
 Lexington, Virginia, where he learned but little. 
 From very early life he had been subject to a slight 
 hemorrhage from his lungs. As it seemed to be 
 increasing, it was thought advisable to send him for a 
 winter to the South, and he left accordingly for 
 Florida on horse-back, under the care of a trusty 
 family-servant, with instructions to proceed through 
 Columbia, where he was to obtain letters and instruc- 
 tions for the further prosecution of his journey. At 
 Columbia he made the acquaintance of certain young 
 men who had come with the view of seeking admission 
 into the South Carolina College, of the existence of which 
 he was now informed for the first time. They gave him 
 a glowing account of the prospects of the College, of 
 the pleasure which they were to enjoy in it, and urged 
 him to make application, with the assurance that he 
 would be successful. He doubted his preparation, but 
 his friends were importunate, and he resolved to re- 
 linquish the trip to Florida, and make the experiment. 
 This determination, however, was not taken until he 
 had consulted his servant Isaac, and procured his 
 approbation. He repaired to the College, and the 
 Faculty books contain the following record : Decem- 
 ber 25, 1809, William C. Preston, of Washington 
 County, Virginia, was examined and admitted into 
 the Sophomore Class, pusuant to the 1st chap. 15th 
 section of the College laws. Some of the incidents of 
 his examination are, perhaps, not unworthy of 
 mention. I have already said that he doubted his 
 preparation ; it was in the Classics that he apprehended 
 his chief deficiency. Dr. Park was the Professor, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 285 
 
 gave him the passage in ^En. Lib. 11, v. 268 of Virgil, 
 beginning 
 
 " Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris 
 Incipit, et dono divftm gratissima serpit." 
 
 The Latin was read to the Professor, and he was 
 asked by the candidate if he would accept the transla- 
 tion of Dry den. To this he assented, and after fifteen 
 or twenty lines were -repeated, the Professor remarked : 
 " That will do for Latin." He graduated with distinc- 
 tion in the Class of 1812. The subject of his Com- 
 mencement speech was " The Life and Character of 
 Jefferson." It was a time of much political excite- 
 ment between the Federalists and the Republicans, 
 and as his elocution was far above the common 
 standard, the speech was well received, and, as was 
 thought, shadowed forth his future reputation. From 
 College he went to Richmond, where the Legislature 
 was then sitting, and thence to "Washington City to 
 spend the residue of the winter. In the Spring he 
 entered the office of the celebrated William Wirt at 
 Richmond, as a student of law, but on the approach 
 of Summer, he was sent by his father on a long horse- 
 back tour to the remote West, preparatory to a visit 
 to Europe, which was a portion of his plan of educa- 
 tion. He travelled through Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, 
 Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, accomplishing in about 
 seven months four thousand miles of horseback travel. 
 The curious and valuable information thus obtained was 
 of great service to him in his subsequent tour to Eu- 
 rope. The best informed were entirely ignorant of the 
 " Far West." It was a region of vast natural resources, 
 18 
 
286 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 with a population and state of society of peculiar 
 character, presenting at that period a state of perhaps 
 not more than half civilization, but yet, to the acute 
 observer, combining within itself all the elements of an 
 overshadowing power and greatness. In Europe he 
 made the acquaintance of some of the most celebrated 
 characters of the day. Among these may be mentioned 
 Hamilton Rowan, Lady Morgan, and Washington 
 Irving, with the latter of whom was laid the founda- 
 tion of a most agreeable and life-long acquaintance. 
 Irving gave him a note of introduction to Thomas 
 Campbell, the poet, then in London, with whom he 
 had the most pleasant intercourse. Campbell gave 
 him letters to Walter Scott, whose acquaintance he 
 has been accustomed to regard as constituting an era 
 in his life. He now visited France, and remained 
 several months in Paris. After journeying through 
 Switzerland and Italy, he returned to Edinburgh the 
 succeeding winter, to take a course of instruction in 
 her celebrated University. There he met Hugh S. 
 Legare, and during his stay they roomed together. 
 He attended the classes of Play fair, of Brown, and of 
 Irving, on Civil Law. He returned to the United 
 States in the Summer of 1819, and was admitted to 
 the bar in Virginia in 1820. Determining to reside 
 in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1822 he took up his 
 residence in that place, and formed a partnership with 
 the late David J. McCord, who had just dissolved his 
 partnership with Henry Junius Nott. As this office 
 had a good deal of business, he was at once intro- 
 duced to practice, so that he was exempt from the 
 painful tedium generally attending those who wait 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 287 
 
 for the coming of clients. He was fortunate, too, in 
 being employed at this period in a case of contested 
 election before the Senate, between General Geddes 
 and William Crafts, which was the occasion of great 
 excitement in the Legislature and the State. In this 
 trial he bore himself with spirit and ability, and 
 among other compliments, it may be mentioned that 
 he so excited the admiration of Colonel James Hamil- 
 ton, that he sought an introduction to him at the close 
 of his speech, which soon ripened into an intimacy 
 that, amid the many changes of fortune, never suffered 
 the slightest diminution. In 1828 he was elected to 
 the State Legislature, and again returned in 1830 and 
 1832. In 1836 he was transferred to the Senate of the 
 United States, in place of Stephen D. Miller resigned. 
 When in the Presidential contest the State concluded to 
 give its support to Yan Bureri and his party, he resigned 
 his seat, and returned to the practice of the bar. He 
 was thus employed when, November 28, 1845, he was 
 elected President of the College. 
 
 I have thus given very hurriedly some of the leading 
 events in the life of Mr. Preston. It is now my 
 purpose to exhibit more particularly his intellectual 
 character; to lay open, if I can, the sources of 
 his power, and to present him with something of 
 distinctness as the President of the College. I am 
 not silly enough to suppose that I can please all ; nor 
 do I expect that I shall gain the approbation of all 
 of those even who are most competent to form a judg- 
 ment in the matter. I claim only the humble merit 
 of giving my own honest impressions, and I submit 
 that I have not been without opportunities for coming 
 
288 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 to something like just conclusions. That he has been a 
 man of extraordinary power on all the occasions of life 
 where he has acted a part, is not to be questioned. 
 In South Carolina, nothing would be more absurd 
 than to deny it. It will, then, be taken for gran ted , 
 and the question which now presses upon us is, how is 
 the fact to be accounted for? There are those who will 
 answer that all these marvellous effects are due alone 
 to the graces of elocution., and the charms of the rhetorician. 
 I have to remark that there is a wide-spread prejudice 
 against the finished speaker; that with not a few 
 such an accomplishment is regarded as incompatible 
 with high powers of reasoning and argument. But, is 
 there any thing in great thoughts which forbid an ac- 
 complished utterance ? Do they eschew all connection 
 with the refined, the beautiful and the graceful ? Or is 
 it that such connection can only exist in written lan- 
 guage ; that taste and beauty, and the most refined 
 elegance of expression, may be allowed to the great 
 minds of Homer, and ^Eschylus, and Virgil, and Milton, 
 and Shakspeare, but not to the speaker or orator ! 
 Shall it be presented as a test of intellectual power 
 in him who addresses an assembly, that the voice must 
 be untrained and uncultivated, the attitude wanting 
 in grace, and the gesticulation stiff and awkward ! 
 
 After all, it is the question whether art can accom- 
 plish any thing in the matter. I dispose of the sub- 
 ject by the remark, that there never was a great 
 speaker who had not brought to his aid the help of art. 
 There is no little double dealing, or disingenuousness 
 about it. We read of the severe training of the 
 mighty Athenian, of the studied accomplishments of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 289 
 
 the immortal Tully, of the not " unbought grace " of 
 Chatham, of the toils of Fox, and of the theatrical dis- 
 plays of Sheridan. No one strove harder than Burke 
 to supperadd this power, but the truth is that he could 
 not acquire it. He well knew its value, and envied 
 its possession by others. His poor attempts in that 
 way only excited laughter and ridicule. Let the 
 reader call to mind "the dagger scene." Who can 
 measure the effect of those mighty speeches which have 
 come down to us, if he had been master of the graces 
 and elegances of elocution? As it was, the historian 
 records that he spoke to empty benches. Mr. Preston 
 is justly entitled to a place in the first rank of speakers, 
 rhetoricians, declaimers or orators call it by what 
 term we may of his times. I care not which may 
 be selected. He was the contemporary of McDuffie, 
 Hamilton, Hayne, Legare, Harper, Turnbull, and others 
 of that brilliant galaxy which, at the most eventful 
 period of the history of our State, shed such a flood 
 of glory upon her. Need I say that he was brought into 
 immediate comparison with them; that they labored 
 together on our most momentous occasions, and that 
 the united voice of the hearers pronounced him the 
 equal of any. Truly was it a time to test his power, 
 and none established a more brilliant and enduring 
 reputation. He alone survives, the solitary remnant 
 of that glorious band of orators, and statesmen and 
 patriots. The State will ever cherish their memory, 
 and point with becoming pride to that day of unsur- 
 passed renown. 
 
 " Who for the palm in contest high shall join ! 
 Or who in equal ranks shall stand !" 
 
290 HISTORY OF TEE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 In our Nullification struggle, he acted a most distin- 
 guished part, and few contributed as much to shape 
 the policy of the State. Sagacious in counsel, his 
 opinions always received the highest consideration 
 from the great men with whom he was associated, 
 and none commanded a greater influence. As a 
 popular speaker he was unequalled, unless it be 
 by McDuffie. Nor was it the ignorant multitude 
 alone who were led captive at his will. All alike felt 
 the magic of his eloquence. The men with whom he 
 had to act were not to be misled by the mere tinsel 
 of the rhetorician; to be seduced by the splendid, yet 
 gossamer-tissue of the elocutionist. He had to deal 
 with mighty minds, who could alone be influenced by 
 appeals to their reason and understanding. In what, 
 then, consisted his power? I cannot answer the ques- 
 tion better than by applying to him some part of the 
 description which Burke gives of Charles Townshend : 
 "He was a man of pointed and polished wit; and if 
 he had not so great a stock as others of knowledge 
 long treasured up, he knew better by far than any 
 man I was ever acquainted with, how to bring together 
 all that was necessary to establish, to illustrate, and 
 to decorate that side of the question he supported. 
 He stated his matter skillfully and powerfully. He 
 particularly excelled in luminous explanation and 
 display of his subject. His style of argument was 
 neither trite nor vulgar, nor subtle nor abstruse. He 
 hit his audience just between wind and water." I 
 think his power of adaptation is very great, and with 
 a facility rarely possessed, he can accommodate him- 
 self to the occasion. His perceptions are acute and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 291 
 
 quick, and few can turn to equal account a passing 
 incident, or unexpected circumstance. He has won- 
 derful command of language, and speaks with greatest 
 facility. Never have I seen his superior in this 
 respect. His words come without effort, and the 
 surprise is, that such words, such propriety of expres- 
 sion, should fall from his lips seemingly uncalled for 
 and unbidden. In our State Legislature he took the 
 highest rank. I am sure that when he was a member 
 he had no superior; and I might ask, who was his 
 rival, who surpassed him in debate, who wielded a 
 mightier power, who attracted a larger measure of 
 admiration? Nor did his fame suffer obscuration 
 by his transfer to that more illustrious theatre, the 
 Senate Chamber of the Union. There he attained 
 high rank, and established an enviable reputation. 
 As a lawyer, I do not claim for him the profoundest 
 learning. I know that he does not take rank among 
 the great lawyers of Carolina. To reach such a 
 position one must consecrate his life to the service; 
 and this he did not do. There are examples of men 
 who united the characters of distinguished jurists 
 and politicians, but they are rare. Among the most 
 illustrious instances of our day, are Webster of the 
 North, and Berrien of the South. I could give 
 numerous examples to illustrate the general incompati- 
 bility of the two pursuits. I take it, then, that Mr. 
 Preston is not a great lawyer, because he has directed 
 a large portion of his life to politics. I may add, that 
 he has devoted his attention to two of the three objects 
 which, according to Sir Edward Coke, are alone 
 worthy of ambition law and politics. To the third 
 
292 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 he always manifested the most perfect indifference; 
 that is, the laying up of money. It is but an act of 
 justice to say, that he has made some of the finest 
 forensic displays which have ever been witnessed in 
 our State. Whenever it was known that he was 
 to speak in an important cause, there was the most 
 eager desire to hear him, and never was the public 
 expectation disappointed. With his fine powers of 
 elocution all were fascinated; but the lawyer and the 
 man of reflection could perceive the subtle distinc- 
 tions, the refined discriminations, the nice perception 
 of the strong points of the question, the wonderful 
 fertility of invention and illustration, the varied and 
 multiplied resources for which his speeches were 
 remarkable, and which always secured for them a 
 permanent impression. From what I have said, the 
 reader will conclude that I do not regard Mr. Preston 
 as defective in logical or argumentative power; but I 
 would assign the predominance to the perceptive 
 faculties. His imagination is warm and fervid, and 
 delights to sport in beautiful creations. His taste is 
 just and discriminating; and whether in the works of 
 art, or the varied exhibitions of nature, he rarely falls 
 short of a proper appreciation. What has been said 
 of another may be applied to him, "that he has that 
 true taste which is always catholic in its admirations; 
 that he can find intense pleasure in the regal gardens 
 of Versailles, without losing his relish for the dewy 
 glades of a primeval forest." His acquaintance with 
 books is general, but his principal acquisitions are in 
 what is comprehended under Polite Literature. With 
 the classic authors of England and France particularly, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 293 
 
 he has great familiarity. With the great poets, writers 
 of fiction, dramatists and essayists, he has kept com- 
 pany from early life, and few among us have profited 
 as much by it. Eminently aesthetic in his tastes, he 
 always pauses to behold the forms of beauty, as they 
 are presented on the right hand and the left. These 
 have easy access to his mind, and find a place in 
 all their infinite variety. May I risk the figure of 
 likening his mind to a parterre of evergreens and 
 flowers, all arranged with exquisite taste, ornamented 
 with fountains and statuary, and winding, pebbly 
 brooks. Aptness and facility of quotation have ever 
 been a marked feature in his literary character. Few 
 subjects indeed can be suggested, on which he cannot 
 bring to bear at once this beautiful and attractive 
 mode of illustration. Mr. Preston's acquirements in the 
 languages are restricted to the modern; and in the 
 French particularly he is well skilled. He makes no 
 pretension to a critical knowledge of the Greek and 
 Latin, but is not without a most commendable acquain- 
 tance with their literature. He has drank largely at 
 this ancient fountain of thought and wisdom, and no 
 little of its sublime spirit has been imparted to him. 
 He is not then wholly without 
 
 " The large utterance of the early Gods." 
 
 In conversational power I have never met his equal. 
 Who that has ever heard him can forget his point, 
 his anecdote, his fullness, his variety, his ease, his 
 grace, his vivacity, his elegance, his imitative talent, 
 and that curious felicity of expression which in South 
 Carolina has been characterized as Prestonian. The 
 
294 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 reader will pardon me for saying, that I have been 
 asked frequently by my friends to accompany them on a 
 call upon him, for no other reason than that they 
 wished to avail themselves of the charms of his con- 
 versation. It follows from what has been said, by 
 necessary consequence, that such a man must be con- 
 spicuous in all the relations of social intercourse. I 
 am sure I am not guilty of extravagance when I 
 say, that no one in our State ever attracted larger 
 admiration in this particular. In every circle "he 
 was the observed of all observers," arid shone with 
 surpassing brilliancy. 
 
 I have thus endeavored to give briefly my impres- 
 sions of the intellect and attainments of Mr. Preston. 
 I conclude this part of my subject with the remark, 
 that his whole soul is full of ardor and enthusiasm; 
 that feeling enters, perhaps, too much into his judg- 
 ments, and that he is not disposed to listen patiently 
 to the lessons of a calm and sober philosophy. He is 
 inclined, therefore, to push his opinions too far; to 
 overlook the proper conditions and qualifications, and 
 in the excesses of emotion, to go beyond the bounds 
 of a strict reality. But he is by nature both - a 
 painter and a poet, and from the times of Horace, it 
 has been a maxim, that 
 
 il Painters and poets have been still allow'd 
 Their pencils and their fancies unconfmed." 
 
 Lastly, I am to speak of him as the President of the 
 College. It has been seen that his political life was 
 terminated by his withdrawal from the Senate, and 
 that at a period of life which must be regarded as 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 295 
 
 advanced, he again established an office in Columbia 
 with the view of returning to the practice of the bar. 
 This I know was rather a matter of necessity than 
 of choice. He must do something; he could not 
 remain inactive, and he felt that he had not the liberty 
 of selection. His health was now impaired, and he 
 was not in a proper condition to meet the labors, the 
 turmoils, and the strife of his ancient profession. A 
 graduate of the College, and with brilliant reputation, 
 nothing was more natural than that the Trustees 
 should look to him to supply the vacancy which had 
 occurred, and nothing, I may add, was more obvious 
 than that he could not decline the call made upon 
 him. He accepted accordingly, and it is my purpose 
 now to add a few words upon his administration. It 
 has already been traced with something of minuteness 
 in my historical narrative, and I conceive that much 
 of the labor, which otherwise would be devolved upon 
 me, is now rendered unnecessary. To a few promin- 
 ent points, however, it is proper that I call attention. 
 His most ardent admirers will not say that he brought 
 to the Chair profound learning, or exact scholarship; 
 but he did bring the rich fruits of a large experience 
 in professional and political life, a varied knowledge, a 
 refined and cultivated intellect, and a prestige enviable 
 and commanding. His feeble health interfered much 
 with the discharge of his duties, but no one exhibited 
 a more becoming zeal, or a livelier sense of his high 
 responsibility. His instructions in the class-room were 
 peculiarly inviting; and as with glowing enthusiasm, 
 and in clear, perspicuous and picturesque language, 
 he called the attention of the students to the mighty 
 
296 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 men, who by their works have ennobled literature, 
 there were few, if any, whose admiration was not 
 enkindled, and whose souls did not catch a portion of 
 his inspiration. His administration, as has been seen, 
 was marked by some great riots and rebellions. Upon 
 the whole, however, I think that the amount of 
 study and proficiency was fully equal to that of any 
 former period. I conceive that others have surpassed 
 him in administrative ability. But it might have 
 been otherwise had his health been good. The life of 
 a President of a College is one of never-ending care, 
 anxiety and perplexity, and I submit, as humbling as 
 the suggestion may appear, that in addition to other 
 qualities, he should possess physical vigor and en- 
 durance. But whatever may be the deductions, most 
 true is it, that his administration will be regarded as 
 one of the most brilliant in the history of the College. 
 He has added new lustre to the bright roll of its 
 Presidents, and enjoying a national reputation before 
 his elevation, none have contributed more to spread 
 the fame of the Institution throughout the length and 
 breadth of the country. Nor was the Board of Trus- 
 tees insensible to the value of his services. It will be 
 remembered that about a year before his disconnection 
 with the College, he tendered his resignation in conse- 
 quence of ill health. On that occasion the following 
 proceedings took place : 
 
 Resolved, That the Board receive with deep sensi- 
 bility, the resignation of the Hon. William C. Preston 
 of the office of President of the South Carolina College, 
 lamenting the necessity imposed upon him by illness, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 297 
 
 of relinquishing the arduous and important task which 
 he has discharged with signal dignity and ability, and 
 with such unwearied faithfulness and assiduity, even 
 under the pressure of disease, and against the reluc- 
 tance of overtasked nature. 
 
 His interest in the College did not cease with his 
 retirement from the Presidency. He was elected a 
 member of the Board of Trustees, and until December, 
 1857, was a regular attendant upon its sessions, and 
 as far as his health would permit, an active participant 
 in its labors. The College is as much as ever the 
 object of his affections. He loves to linger amid its 
 delightful groves; to look upon the temples dedicated 
 to knowledge, and to call up the memories of those 
 days when he personally mingled in the stirring 
 incidents of College life. The cordial greeting which 
 he always receives from the students upon his occa- 
 sional visits to the Halls at times of public exercises, 
 but attest the impression which he has left behind 
 him, and the admiration of his genius and services. 
 Under the pressure of the most crushing bodily 
 infirmities, which for many years have threatened 
 the instant extinction of life, he still survives, with his 
 energies unabated, and dispensing the richest blessings 
 to the community of which he is a member. Cheerful, 
 social and communicative, he is yet the delight of the 
 limited circle in which he moves, and with a joyous 
 resignation calmly awaits the summons, which he 
 momentarily expects, to the land of spirits. He is an 
 humble worshipper in the Episcopal Communion; and 
 oh! what an example for the distinguished of earth! 
 
298 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 He has cast all his hopes upon the Saviour of man- 
 kind. But I have said that he is dispensing the 
 richest blessings to the community around him. Let 
 me point to that noble monument of his liberality, his 
 benevolence, and his love of letters; I mean the 
 Columbia Athenaeum. This Institution was projected 
 by him for the benefit of the public. Its main pur- 
 pose is to meet the demand of those who are too 
 poor to meet it in the ordinary way; to create a more 
 wide-spread taste for knowledge, and by its greater 
 diffusion, to secure in larger measure those ennobling 
 and elevating influences which it is so well calculated 
 to produce. To carry out his purpose, he made a gift 
 of his library, containing nearly three thousand 
 volumes. Valuable additions have been made by 
 other gentlemen. An association has been organized, 
 and the affairs of the Institution are administered by a 
 Board of Directors, of which he is the President. 
 There are now besides the library, a reading room 
 and a lecture room; the reading room containing 
 newspapers and periodicals from all the leading sections 
 of the United States, with some also from Europe, and 
 the lecture room being appropriated to the delivery of 
 lectures for the benefit of the public. The zeal, the 
 energy displayed by him in this noble work, are alike 
 beautiful and wonderful. Day by day is he to be seen 
 in that library room, which now seems to have attrac- 
 tion for him not presented by any other spot; and ever 
 gracing by his presence the spacious hall upon occa- 
 sions of lecture, the refined enjoyment afforded him is 
 plainly marked in his countenance. Always present 
 at the meeting of the Board, ever participating actively 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 299 
 
 in its business, I am sure that no one who witnesses 
 his labors will regard any language of compliment as 
 fulsome and extravagant. By appeals through the 
 press, by personal intercourse with our citizens, by 
 enlisting in the cause as lecturers the most distin- 
 guished gentlemen, by all honorable and proper means 
 is he striving to awaken a more general interest, and 
 to place the Institution upon a more stable foundation. 
 What patriot, what lover of letters, what friend of 
 humanity, does not wish him the largest success in his 
 noble enterprize ! What a work with which to close 
 the evening of his days ! What a legacy for the 
 people with whom his lot has been cast! What an 
 appropriate return for the partiality which through 
 life they have exhibited for him ; for the honors and 
 distinctions which they have bestowed upon him! 
 His sun is setting, but no dark clouds rest upon the 
 horizon. Kays of unwonted beauty and effulgence 
 illumine the western sky, and the great luminary 
 sinks, encircled by a flood of light and glory. 
 
 The Kev. Dr. Thornwell, the President elect, 
 entered upon his duties, January 7, 1852. The num- 
 ber of students was 197. The course of studies 
 underwent no change for the last several years, and it 
 is unnecessary, therefore, to repeat the curriculum. 
 The period is one of great interest, as it is marked by 
 the elevation of a man to the Presidency whose genius 
 and learning were to shed new lustre upon it, and 
 largely enhance the fame of the College. The Presi- 
 dent made his first report to the Board at their meet- 
 ing of May 5. In reading the minutes of the Faculty 
 to the close of the Session in July, I perceive nothing 
 
300 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 worthy of special notice. There were disorders, but 
 none of a very serious nature. The Faculty were 
 not without something to do, and the discipline of the 
 College had been steadily and firmly maintained; the 
 students had been kept busy, and each department 
 was regular and punctual in its exactions. Although 
 unusual sickness had prevailed, there was a gratifying 
 attention to study. The Commons for once was going 
 on smoothly; not a single complaint had been made to 
 the President, or to any of the Professors. This, as 
 will be seen, was delusive ; it was the calm only 
 which precedes the storm. One of the most striking 
 suggestions in the report of the President, is a sugges- 
 tion in reference to Dr. Henry. It is most honorable 
 to the author, as it exhibits his full appreciation of the 
 learning and services of that excellent man, and the 
 abiding love and respect which he indulged towards 
 him. He informs the Board that Dr. Henry has 
 given to his administration the most cordial support, 
 that his health is gradually failing under the burden 
 of his duties, but that without murmur or complaint 
 he continues to make the sacrifice which his Chair 
 exacts. Under these circumstances, he hopes that 
 some scheme may be devised by which his salary may 
 be secured, and his labors diminished, or remitted. 
 He pleads his cause with an earnestness which 
 shows that his heart is deeply enlisted : " His age 
 and learning, and long connection with the College, 
 entitle him to more than ordinary consideration, and 
 there are peculiar circumstances in his case which 
 would justify distinguished and extraordinary honors 
 to him without the risk of a dangerous precedent. I 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 301 
 
 am sure, too, that his colleagues would delight to see 
 him placed in a situation in which his declining years 
 might be spent without drudgery or toil." The fact 
 which I have thus brought to public notice, is worthy 
 of it in more than one particular. It shows the high 
 estimate which Dr. Thornwell places upon learning, 
 and that he would be pleased to see the veteran Pro- 
 fessor, who has worn out his life by serving his State, 
 receive a pension at her hands. The soldier who is 
 wounded in battle is provided for by his country ; and 
 if he falls, his wife and children share its bounty. 
 And does he render a less worthy service who toils 
 for a life-time, through sickness and want, in the 
 noble work of training the youth for the duties 01 
 life, and distributing far and wide the rich fruits 
 of wisdom and knowledge? But to me the sugges- 
 tion in the report speaks something even higher 
 and holier than this. Dr. Henry is now no more, 
 and to him earthly friendships are gone forever. 
 I knew him well, and none understood better than 
 myself the relations between these gentlemen. To my 
 mind there is something beautiful in the friendship 
 which subsisted between them. However heartless 
 may be the profession generally, however easy it may 
 be in most cases to snap asunder the ties which con- 
 nect men together, there is yet such a thing as friend- 
 ship which defies time and circumstance, and ter- 
 minates only in death. Such a friendship existed 
 between them, and it was permanent and unalterable, 
 because it was deep-rooted in affection. Nor did the 
 Board fail to give all proper consideration to the 
 suggestion of the President. While freely according any 
 19 
 
302 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 temporary relaxation which might be necessary, it 
 regrets that it is not able to devise any scheme 
 by which the suggestion can be carried out, as the 
 salary is appropriated by the Legislature to com- 
 pensate the officer for services to be rendered in 
 the Institution. It was manifestly then a matter 
 of which it had no jurisdiction, and which apper- 
 tained exclusively to the Legislature. May 10, the 
 Board appointed a Committee of its own number to 
 build the new chapel. November 24, the President sub- 
 mitted the Annual Report to the Board. He communi- 
 cated the resignation of Col. Gladden, the Bursar, and 
 the fact of the temporary appointment of his assistant 
 until the meeting of the Board. But an issue of most 
 serious character was now tendered. The Trustees had 
 refused the petition of the students to modify the 
 Commons system, and they determined again to 
 memorialize, with the secret written pledge, that if 
 not successful, they would withdraw from the College 
 by taking dismissals. I believe that no act of direct 
 rebellion was contemplated; that it was never intended 
 that the conspiracy should come to the knowledge 
 either of the Faculty or the Trustees, and that they 
 believed they had not bound themselves to any 
 measures which the laws of the College prohibit. The 
 fact is simply this : they determined to break it up, 
 and concluded they could accomplish their end by 
 a peaceful withdrawal. The President assures the 
 Board that the whole system had been odious for 
 years, that various efforts had been made for its aboli- 
 tion or essential modification, that the dissatisfac- 
 tion had ripened into a settled disgust, and that they 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 303 
 
 literally loathed the establishment. The question 
 was felt by the President to be one of extreme embar- 
 rassment, and the Trustees fully estimated its 
 importance. To grant the petition was to make 
 concessions to the spirit of rebellion; to refuse it 
 altogether, and retain the system in its present rigor, 
 was to get rid probably of upwards of one hundred young 
 men, who were pledged to leave the Institution. The 
 prevailing opinion in the Board was, that the act was 
 one of unlawful combination, and the real question for 
 consideration was, whether under the circumstances any 
 action whatever could be had on the petition without 
 weakening the authorities of the College. A Committee 
 of Trustees was appointed to confer with the Committee 
 of the Students, with the view of ascertaining more 
 precisely the nature of the pledge and the character of 
 the whole matter. In a written communication from 
 the students, their position was fully declared. Dr. 
 Thorn well addressed a second letter to the Board, in 
 which he took ground against the rigid enforcement of 
 the law, and urged such a modification of the Com- 
 mons system as would relieve it of its objectionable 
 features, and thus remove all cause of complaint. 
 In the meantime a memorial to the same effect was 
 addressed to the Board, signed by a Committee of thirty 
 students, who did not enter into the combination. The 
 Board finally disposed of the matter by the adoption of 
 the following resolution : That the recommendation of 
 the President of the College to modify the Commons, and 
 the memorial of the thirty students, are entitled to the 
 favorable consideration of the Board; and that a Com- 
 mittee be appointed to devise a plan for carrying out the 
 
304 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 recommendation of the President, and that said 
 Committee report at the meeting in May next. 
 
 Thus terminated, it was hoped favorably, this seri- 
 ous issue. The President reports the deportment of the 
 young men as so unexceptionable since their return in, 
 October, that the Faculty have had no occasion to inflict 
 any serious penalties. All the exercises had been well 
 attended, and an unusual quiet had pervaded the 
 Campus. The interest apparently felt in the Sunday 
 services of the Chapel had given great satisfaction, 
 and a more orderly, respectful and decorous congrega- 
 tion was nowhere to be found. "Everything," says 
 he, " seems to be in a most promising condition, but I 
 have long since learned that in College life it is not 
 safe to trust to appearances. Perpetual vigilance is 
 the only guarantee of order." He discusses the ques- 
 tion, how our present system, without organic and 
 fundamental changes, can be rendered more effective 
 as an instrument of intellectual discipline, and makes 
 some very important suggestions. I will call attention 
 only to one or two of them as they have been adopted, 
 and have been ever since enforced among us. He 
 takes ground against the notion which is almost 
 universally prevalent in American Colleges, that a 
 young man's diligence and proficiency are to be judged 
 by the average merit of his several recitations in the 
 class-room, and not by the general examination. He 
 proposes, therefore, to make the examination the true 
 criterion of merit. In order to do this, it must be 
 thorough; embracing the entire subjects of each 
 department upon which instruction has been given. 
 There should be a minimum attainment as the indis- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 305 
 
 pensable condition of passing, and a graduated scale 
 of excellence as the condition of honors. To make 
 it thorough, he proposes that it be conducted princi- 
 pally in writing, and that ample time be allowed 
 for the exercises. He asks permission to begin this 
 mode of examination in June. The plan of written 
 examinations has been pursued from that day to the 
 present; and I express the opinion with confidence, 
 that it is one of the most valuable reforms which has 
 ever been introduced into the College. A student who 
 knows but little may get off quite well in the class- 
 room. The young men of the College are wonderfully 
 adroit and cunning; learned in. the doctrine of chances 
 and probabilities, and marvellously fertile in the inven- 
 tion of expedients for the attainment of their ends. 
 A Professor may not call upon the members of his 
 classes in alphabetical order; he may, as he conceives, 
 proceed at random, but the very necessities of the 
 case, and the very wants of the human mind, will 
 force upon him a sort of general system, which they 
 will be the first to perceive, and use to their advan- 
 tage, when he is not conscious of it. He will get into 
 a habit of doing things in a particular way in his 
 recitation-room, as men get particular habits in every- 
 thing else which they have to do with regularity. In 
 a written examination the line between the idle and 
 ignorant, and the industrious and well-informed, must 
 of necessity be distinctly drawn. It will distinguish 
 real merit. Nothing can secure a good mark but pro- 
 ficiency, and this proficiency must extend generally 
 over the course of instruction. The questions are 
 carefully prepared, always embrace many of the most 
 
306 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 difficult problems in the department, and it is impos- 
 sible for any other than the best scholars to reach by 
 their answers a high degree of excellence. The same 
 questions are asked of all; there is no room for "luck," 
 and the relative merit can thus be fixed with all 
 attainable precision and accuracy. Dr. Thorn well also 
 suggested to the Board to revive the prizes which were 
 proposed in 1844. This was done, and it has been 
 attended by the most wholesome effect. One more 
 point in his report, and I have done. He urges upon 
 the Board that the efficiency of the College would be 
 promoted by shortening the session; and his sug- 
 gestion was adopted to the extent of granting a holiday 
 from the second Monday in December to the first 
 Monday in January. The number of students on 
 the Catalogue is 199. As the Board adjourned with- 
 out granting immediate relief to the memorialists on 
 the subject of the Commons, the signers felt it to be 
 their duty to carry out their pledge, and leave the 
 College. Though it be true that a pledge to do an 
 unlawful act imposes no moral obligation, I have 
 always thought that there was a substantial granting 
 of the prayer of the memorial, and that upon every 
 ground the withdrawal from the College was uncalled 
 for and unnecessary. Though the feature of compul- 
 sory attendance should long before have been abrogated 
 because of the many unanswerable objections to it, 
 and because the best interests of the College called 
 loudly for a system based upon a different principle, 
 still, I think that the question now came up in an 
 offensive form, and that under the circumstances the 
 Board acted with great forbearance and generosity. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The withdrawal of so many students told with fear- 
 ful import upon the numbers for 1853, the Catalogue 
 giving only 122. The President made the usual report 
 in May. Of course the College was not wholly 
 exempt from disorder, but the general deportment was 
 excellent. There was a pervading respect for the law, 
 and the tone of sentiment was unusually good. The 
 Committee appointed at the December meeting on the 
 Commons, made its report according to instructions. 
 This report provided for the licensing of boarding 
 houses on certain conditions, the continuance of the 
 Bursary under new regulations, and the introduction 
 of the new system in October. It has been in 
 operation from that day to the present, and the suc- 
 cess has been complete. A great cause of dissatisfac- 
 tion has been removed, and I trust that this vexed 
 question of feeding the students is now settled forever. 
 There is one feature in the system to which I must 
 call attention for a moment, as it has an importance 
 of which perhaps many of the Board are not aware. 
 This feature is the continuance of the Bursary, with 
 the conditions of a stipulated price for board, and the 
 control of the Faculty during the recess of the Board. 
 The effect of this is to give protection against unrea- 
 sonable prices on the part of the private boarding 
 houses, and to secure fidelity on the part of the Bursar. 
 Many students willingly pay more for board at these 
 
308 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 licensed houses than the price at the Hall. There 
 are still prejudices operating against this ancient 
 establishment, which time, it is to be hoped, will 
 in the end remove altogether. The old name of 
 "Commons" still lives, notwithstanding the solemn 
 enactment by the supreme authority, that it is 
 a "Bursary;" the place is the same, and many 
 associations connect it with the past. For these 
 reasons, most of the young men prefer the licensed 
 houses; but time here, as time always does, is weak- 
 ening the force of impressions, and gradually accom- 
 plishing the work of oblivion. The Hall is not 
 so offensive as to keep students away from it, if the 
 private houses charge, as they conceive, extravagant 
 rates. I have already known it to be filled upon the 
 occasion of a combination among the proprietors of the 
 licensed houses to increase the price of board. The 
 system is now as perfect as human wisdom can make 
 it; the feature to which I have alluded is its great 
 security, and I hope that it will never be disturbed. 
 At this meeting of the Board, a Committee reported 
 upon the by-laws, as revised and amended by the 
 Board, and the report was adopted, and ordered to be 
 published. To it are appended various acts of the 
 Legislature in reference to the College, the regulations 
 of the Faculty, of the Library Committee, of the Exe- 
 cutive Committee, and other matters. I have already 
 spoken of the action concerning the Commons, and I 
 think proper now to call attention only to the legisla- 
 tion in reference to the Commencement, the honors and 
 the distinctions. This is important, as it introduced 
 a system entirely different from that which previously 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 309 
 
 obtained, and which I believe had been of force since 
 the foundation of the College. I shall take occasion 
 to present the two, that the reader may judge of their 
 relative merits. According to the old system, each 
 department voted independently, and he who stood 
 first in the majority of the departments, received the 
 first honor of his class. It was entirely possible then, 
 as will at once be perceived, for a student to have no 
 position in certain departments, and yet receive the 
 highest honor. There is no doubt that this was not 
 unfrequently made a matter of calculation. A young 
 man would select those departments which were most 
 congenial to his tastes, and neglecting the others, by 
 a devotion of all his powers to them, could calculate 
 surely upon a high position in the end. In this con- 
 dition of things, all that he cared for was. that he 
 should have such a stand as would pass him with the 
 Professor. I know the fact that young men, under 
 this system, have graduated with the highest honors 
 of the class, when their attainments in more than one* 
 department were scarcely respectable. The following 
 is a succinct account of the new system. These are the 
 leading provisions in reference to the Senior Class after 
 the final examination: The candidates shall be 
 arranged into three divisions, and the studies into two 
 departments. The first department consists of general 
 literature, and comprehends all the studies which may 
 be said to depend on moral evidence; the second con- 
 sists of all those sciences which depend on demonstra- 
 tion and experiment. The first division of students 
 shall consist of those who are distinguished in both 
 departments of study. The second of those who are 
 
310 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 distinguished in only one department, or in single 
 branches of both, and the third of those who have 
 simply passed. Those who are placed in the first 
 division shall receive honors, those in the second dis- 
 tinctions, and the names of both shall be announced 
 at Commencement. The student who has most 
 distinguished himself in the two departments of study, 
 shall be entitled to the first honor; the next most 
 distinguished to the second honor, and so on in order, 
 always giving the preference to one who has distin- 
 guished himself in both departments of study. In 
 the second division, the names shall be announced in 
 the order of merit, as each student may have been 
 distinguished in one or in both departments. The 
 first division-men to the number of ten shall be 
 appointed to speak at Commencement. It is provided, 
 too, that after the rising examination of the three 
 under-classes, the names of the most distinguished 
 shall be announced, and printed. The following 
 prizes were instituted: for the best Latin composi- 
 tion, a Gold MedaJ, the competitors to be Sophomores ; 
 for the best English composition, a Gold Medal, the 
 competitors to be Juniors ; for the best Essay on some 
 subject of Moral or Natural Philosophy, or Logic, a 
 Gold Medal, the competitors to be Seniors. A prize 
 is also awarded for excellence in Elocution, the com- 
 petitors to be Seniors or Juniors. In all cases the 
 subjects are to be assigned by the Faculty. The effect 
 of these enactments has been most salutary. Before 
 I dismiss the subject, I must make one or two remarks. 
 The principle upon which the Faculty are to proceed 
 in the assignation of the honors and distinctions, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 311 
 
 the relative merit of each member of a class, is fixed ; 
 and I have to add, that it is carried out by combining 
 the recitation in the class room with the examination, 
 giving the greater importance, as suggested by Dr. 
 Thornwell, to the latter. There is now no balloting 
 for place; it is fixed by the marks, and is simply an 
 arithmetical result. To my mind there is a stricter 
 justice in it, and I know that it has worked well. 
 There is no possibility of neglecting a department, and 
 still bearing off the first honor. It is the reward of gene- 
 ral excellence. I think that it has secured from those 
 who are aspiring to honors and distinctions, a much 
 larger measure of attention to the general curriculum 
 of the College, and thus stimulated study. Our system 
 has for many years been regarded as defective in the 
 particular, that it provided no rewards for special 
 excellence; and this defect was now met by the 
 institution of prizes. It has had a capital effect ; there 
 has always been a fair amount of competition, and 
 thus a new and healthful stimulus to exertion has 
 been supplied. At the meeting of the Board, Novem- 
 ber 30, the President made his report. He remarks 
 of the examinations during the past year, that they 
 were extremely creditable in all the departments ; that 
 they were more thorough than usual, and conducted 
 with more gravity, regularity and solemnity; that his 
 own personal observation justifies him in saying, that 
 the attention to study, and to all the exercises of the 
 College during the whole year, has been unusually 
 uniform and steady, and that an examination of the 
 Monitor's Bills will exhibit a gratifying improvement 
 when compared with any other period in the history 
 
312 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 of the College. The records of the Faculty prove the 
 existence of occasional disorders, such as bonfires and 
 illuminations, but in no case did any attempt of the 
 kind produce general disturbance. There was no 
 shouting from the windows, no noises, and no indica- 
 tion that the College was ever conscious of an effort 
 to do mischief. The temper of the young men was 
 good. As the majority of the Faculty were either 
 absent from the Campus, or unable by sickness to 
 discharge their duties, to the students belong all the 
 credit for the good order. The President called the 
 attention of the Board to the fact that the next winter 
 will be the fiftieth anniversary of the operation of 
 the College, and suggested that there be a public cele- 
 bration of the event. He made also the announcement 
 of the resignation of Professor Williams, on account 
 of ill health, and the resignation was accepted, to take 
 effect immediately. The following sketch of Professor 
 Williams is submitted: 
 
 Matthew J. Williams was born December 7, 1805, 
 in Elbert county, Ga. His first school was in Colum- 
 bia county, near Wrightsborough. At the age of ten 
 he was removed from Columbia county, and placed first 
 at the Philomathic Academy, and then at Mount 
 Pleasant Academy, both in Elbert county. At a very 
 early period he exhibited a genius for arithmetic. 
 While at Mount Pleasant, he received an appointment 
 to West Point, and was admitted in June, 1821. In 
 June, 1825, he graduated, and was commissioned in 
 the United States Army. He was first stationed at 
 Old Point Comfort, Virginia; and in April, 1826, by 
 arrangement with a brother officer, was transferred 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 313 
 
 to the regiment stationed at Fort Howard, at the 
 mouth of Fox river, which empties into Green 
 Bay on the North- West coast of Lake Michigan. 
 In the Fall of that year his regiment was ordered 
 to a point on the Mississippi river, twelve miles 
 below the City of St. Louis, Missouri a post now 
 known as Jefferson Barracks. To this point the regi- 
 ment to which he was attached, (the 3d,) and two 
 others, (the 1st and 6th,) were ordered to repair, with 
 the view of erecting a barracks, and fitting it with all 
 the appliances necessary for a School of Infantry prac- 
 tice. His health was feeble, and the unavoidable 
 exposure brought upon him the severest rheumatic 
 disease. The country was at peace, and he tendered 
 his resignation in 1828. After his resignation, but. 
 before he left Missouri, he began the study of law in 
 the office of A. L. Magennis, Esq., of St. Louis. Upon 
 his return home, he continued his studies with 
 Chesley Daniel, Esq., of Abbeville, South Carolina, 
 until the death of that gentleman, when he went 
 to Lawrenceville, Georgia, and there completing 
 his preparatory course, was admitted to the bar of 
 that State. He continued in the profession until 
 the close of 1835, when he received an appointment 
 in the school of the South Carolina Conference of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church established at Cokes- 
 bury, Abbeville, the duties of which he continued 
 to discharge for eleven years. In December, 1846, 
 he was elected Professor of Mathematics in the South 
 Carolina College, and at the close of 1853, in conse- 
 quence of severe disease, resigned his office. 
 
 I am now to speak of the intellectual character of 
 
314 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Professor Williams, and his qualifications for the 
 important chair which he filled in the South Caro- 
 lina College. His genius is eminently mathematical. 
 The records of West Point show that he received a 
 maximum mark in Mathematics. There were but 
 three others in his class who attained a maximum. 
 At the beginning of the last year at West Point, his 
 health began to fail rapidly, and broke down just 
 before the close of it. He was unable to undergo the 
 fatigue of an examination, and was, in consequence, 
 excused. But he received his diploma, and an appoint- 
 ment in the army. There is no doubt that his quali- 
 fications for the chair to which he was called in the 
 South Carolina College, were eminent. The long ser- 
 vice which he rendered in the School at Cokesbury was 
 a capital training for the higher duties of the Profes- 
 sorship. His health, though improved, was still 
 delicate when he entered upon it. Much was expected 
 of him, as he was well known to many of the leading 
 members of the Board of Trustees in the Up-Country. 
 Nor was this expectation disappointed. His zeal, his 
 industry, his thorough knowledge of his department, 
 were apparent to all. He became at once a favorite 
 with his classes. Never have I known a more patient 
 and conscientious teacher. A mathematician by genius, 
 and by education, master of all its mysteries, and 
 assigning it a rank superior to all other branches of 
 knowledge, he was a good worker upon principle. His 
 enthusiasm knew no bounds, and he was eloquent 
 when he became the expositor of its claims upon the 
 public attention. Nor is there anything to complain 
 of in this. Had he been less devoted 'to his favorite 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 315 
 
 pursuit, had his opinion of the rank of mathematics 
 been less exalted, he would not have achieved as large 
 success as an instructor. It is probable that no one 
 ever filled the chair in the South Carolina College 
 with greater ability. He takes rank, then, among 
 her most distinguished Professors. But I would be 
 doing great injustice if I confined myself simply to 
 the consideration of his mathematical genius and 
 attainments. I do not claim for him a thorough and 
 critical knowledge of other . departments ; but his 
 reading has been general, and he exhibits that acquain- 
 tance which becomes the educated gentleman. But, 
 whatever may be the extent of Professor Williams' 
 mathematical and other attainments, and the respect 
 to which he is in consequence entitled, it is with more 
 pleasure that I dwell upon him as a man. I must 
 confess that though I have, as I conceive, a just 
 appreciation of him, I know not how I will succeed 
 in my attempt to present him to my readers. First, I 
 remark that of all men I have ever known, he is most 
 distinguished for a child-like simplicity. Kind in his 
 nature, with a heart overflowing with sympathy, most 
 apt to lend a ready ear to the professions of men, 
 nothing is easier for him than to bestow his confidence, 
 and thus become the victim of imposture. He is 
 an entire stranger to all those arts to which cunning 
 and unscrupulous men resort for the accomplishment 
 of their ends, and with a nature as transparent as 
 glass, is utterly incapable of playing a part. Some 
 men are so constituted that the association of a life- 
 time will not dispel the doubt and mystery by which 
 their characters are enveloped. They live and die 
 
316 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 an enigma to all around them. It is not so with 
 Professor Williams. Free from all disguise, he is seen at 
 once as he is, and no two men who have enjoyed the 
 opportunity of knowing him, have ever differed in 
 their conception of his character. It is then emin- 
 ently individual, and strongly distinguished from that 
 of other men. I cannot say too much in praise of his 
 moral excellence. He has his faults, but who has 
 them not ? They are the common heritage of man ; 
 but it may be said of .him perhaps, with as much 
 truth^as of any other man, that 
 
 "E'en his failings leaned to virtue's side." 
 
 I am not blinded by the partialities of personal 
 friendship, when* I say that he is second to none of my 
 acquaintances in meekness, purity and amiability of 
 character. His love of truth, his sense of justice, his 
 moderation, his punctuality in the discharge of duty 
 these are some of the shining virtues which he pos- 
 sesses. They have taken root in the soil of Christi- 
 anity, and are watered by the dews of Heaven. 
 Penetrated by the profoundest sense of religion, an 
 humble disciple of the Great Master of us all, he is a 
 striking example of the ennobling and elevating influ- 
 ences of the Christian spirit. He is constitutionally 
 regardful of the feelings of others, and extremely 
 careful in refraining from everything which might 
 give pain or offence. This never proceeds upon any 
 calculation of advantage to himself; there is, therefore, 
 nothing of selfishness about it. A little more of dog- 
 matism, of peremptoriness, might add something to 
 the force of his character. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 317 
 
 The health of Professor Williams became sensibly 
 worse in 1853, and the President, in his Annual Report 
 of November 30, informed the Board that he had not 
 in consequence examined his classes in June ; that his 
 physicians had put an absolute interdict upon any 
 attempt to undergo its labor and fatigue. He left 
 the Campus in October to try the effects of rest and 
 relaxation on his debilitated system. The language 
 of the President is so complimentary, that I cannot 
 forbear quoting it : " I cannot express to you how much 
 I value his services in the department which he fills, 
 and I should regard it as a most deplorable calamity 
 to the College to be deprived of his labors." After 
 writing his report, the President received through the 
 hands of the son of Professor Williams, the resigna- 
 tion of his chair, which was communicated immedi- 
 ately to the Board. Thus terminated his connection 
 with the South Carolina College an event which 
 awakened profound regret with all the friends of the 
 Institution. The Board of Trustees passed the follow- 
 ing resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this Board entertain a strong sense 
 of the eminent ability and faithful diligence with 
 which Professor Williams discharged the duties of his 
 department in the College, and deeply lament the 
 necessity which has occasioned his resignation. 
 
 He has ever since resided at the beautiful town of 
 
 Marietta, Georgia, and though his health has improved, 
 
 he is too feeble to enter upon the active duties of life. 
 
 But a kind Providence still spares him to his family 
 
 20 
 
318 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 and his friends. Cheerful thought! Yet "cheerful 
 thoughts often bring sad thoughts to the mind." How 
 vividly does memory call up the intimate companion- 
 ship, the common labors, the hopes, the joys of former 
 days. I feel that the sad word farewell has been 
 pronounced; that the sunshine has departed; that 
 cloud-shadows have succeeded, and that our com- 
 munion on earth has ceased forever. I cannot resist 
 the impression, that we have stood together for the 
 last time on the sea shore, and that the ship which 
 separates us is embarked on its long voyage to the 
 uttermost parts of the earth. But let me not retire 
 into the sad places of memory, and gather food for 
 tears. Rather let me think that he has accomplished 
 his full mission on earth, and dwell only upon the 
 sanctifying influences which were begotten by a long 
 personal association, and which, in the too sad retro- 
 spect of life, like sun-light gild the distant view, and 
 relieve it of the pitchy darkness which otherwise 
 would rest upon it. 
 
 December 7, C. F. M'Cay was elected to the vacant 
 Professorship of Mathematics. He is a native of 
 Pennsylvania, and a graduate of a Northern College, 
 but at the time of his election, was a Professor in the 
 Georgia University, where he had taught with 
 success for many years. The Trustees resolved to 
 celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the College, 
 and the Hon. James L. Petigru was appointed to 
 deliver an oration on the occasion. I have now called 
 attention to the leading events of the year 1853. It 
 must be pronounced a year of decided success. The 
 little irregularities which took place detract in no 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 319 
 
 degree from the praise to which it is entitled. There 
 was a pervading spirit of order and study, and rarely, 
 perhaps, has a more general and uniform obedience 
 been rendered to the authority of law. 
 
 The Board of Trustees had their first meeting for 
 1854, May 3, and the President submitted his report, 
 with the accompanying reports of the Professors. 
 The predictions in his report of the state of the Col- 
 lege in 1854, received their full verification. "I am 
 glad," says he, "that I can speak in strong terms of 
 commendation of the diligence, attention and profi- 
 ciency of the classes. I do not think that I have ever 
 succeeded in securing as large an amount of study 
 from any class as I have obtained during the present 
 session from those under my charge. There is no 
 doubt that the standard of study is increasing, and 
 the standard of general deportment keeps pace with 
 it." I would not have the reader, however, believe 
 that the year was one of unbroken quiet. The stu- 
 dents had their periodical amusements of bonfires, 
 bombs and crackers. The discipline of the College 
 was rigidly enforced, and seven suffered the penalty 
 of suspension. It was but a piece of "fun," as the 
 President calls it, and certainly they paid dearly 
 enough for it. With this exception, the College was 
 in a state of quiet. The report of the President at 
 the close of the year is, if possible, of a still more 
 encouraging character. The new system of examina- 
 tions went into operation in June, and he informs the 
 Board that all doubts as to its success had been com- 
 pletely dispelled; that the College is now in a higher 
 sense than it ever was before, a place of study, and 
 
320 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 that a higher tone of sentiment has been imparted to 
 the young men. 
 
 I have to mention as one of the most important 
 measures of the year, the resolutions of the Faculty 
 regulating the stands of the students, passed October 
 30. I give them entire : 
 
 1. Resolved, That the standing of each student shall 
 be recorded by the Secretary, and sent in a Circular to 
 the parent or guardian. 
 
 2. That this standing be made up by the Secretary 
 reducing the examination marks to a fraction, and 
 multiplying this by the average value of the recita- 
 tions, in which nine is the maximum. 
 
 3. That when the standing is below 1.25 in any de- 
 partment, the student shall be noted and re-examined. 
 
 4. That if any student fails to be sustained in 
 a majority of the departments in which he may be 
 examined, he shall not be permitted to go on with his 
 class. 
 
 5. That every one whose joint average on all his 
 examinations shall reach six, shall be published as meri- 
 torious, the names being arranged in alphabetical order. 
 
 6. That the examination of all the classes after that 
 of the present Senior Class shall be continued only two 
 hours. 
 
 7. That the Faculty will give certificates of the 
 standing and conduct of any of the graduates^ dividing 
 them into three classes, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, according 
 as they are excellent, fair, or inferior. 
 
 The students are expected to pay particular atten- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 321 
 
 tion to spelling and grammar, as mistakes in these 
 will have an influence upon their stands. 
 
 The voluntary testimony contained in the reports 
 of the Professors, in favor of the good order and study 
 of the College, marks the year 1854 as one of the most 
 brilliant in its history. Professor Lieber remarks, 
 "that the conduct of the students in his lecture room 
 has been unexceptionable, and that the friendliest 
 intercourse between himself and his classes has never 
 been disturbed." Of the Sophomore and Junior Classes 
 he speaks in terms of praise, in which he had not in- 
 dulged towards any previous classes in the College. 
 Of the remaining classes he remarks, that a number 
 of the members of the Freshman show a spirit of study 
 similar to that which prevails in the Sophomore and 
 Junior, and of the Senior he testifies that a part has 
 studied with much ardor and profit. " It affords me 
 pleasure," says Professor Pelham, "to be able to state 
 that the deportment of the several classes has been 
 entirely unexceptionable, and their application to 
 study in the highest degree gratifying." Professor 
 Brumby bears witness, that " the deportment and pro- 
 ficiency of the classes have been entirely satisfactory ;" 
 and Professor LaBorde remarks, that "for the last 
 year we have had an amount of study which I have 
 never seen equalled, and the elevated moral sentiment 
 which distinguishes the students, is not only gratifying 
 to the Faculty, but must give joy to every true lover 
 of our State, and her cherished Institution." The 
 Catalogue gives 190 students. November 29, Dr. 
 Thorn well tendered his resignation of the Presidency, 
 and it was accepted, to take effect at the end of a 
 
322 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 year. February 15, 1855, an occasional meeting of 
 the Board was held, at the call of the President of the 
 College. The occasion of the assembling was a fire 
 which destroyed the east wing and the centre build- 
 ing of Kutledge College on the 26th of January 
 past. This was the second fire which had occurred 
 within a few years; the first having destroyed the 
 west wing of DeSaussure College. This, however, 
 was far more calamitous. The western wing of 
 Rutledge, though not consumed, was so injured, 
 and in such a dilapidated condition, that it became 
 necessary to re-construct it. To say nothing of the 
 destruction of a large amount of property, the suspen- 
 sion of a portion of the College exercises, and the 
 inconvenience to which a large number of students 
 was subjected, there was another loss which appealed to 
 the heart's warmest affections, and for which no amount 
 of money could afford adequate compensation. I mean 
 the loss of the Chapel. It is believed that the fire 
 originated in a spark lodged in the blinds of the 
 cupola, which was blown into a flame by the high 
 winds which prevailed at the time. How many 
 sacred associations gather around that old Chapel! 
 It was a link which connected the present with the 
 past; a monument which, in language stronger even 
 than words, told of the great men who once lived, and 
 worshipped at its shrine. Cold, indeed, must have been 
 that heart which could have looked unmoved upon the 
 spectacle. Memory, that strange faculty which re- 
 produces the scenes of the past, and gives to them all 
 the vividness of a present reality, and which, alas ! 
 with too much faithfulness, summons to our presence 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 323 
 
 even the things of former days which startle and 
 alarm us, seemed here only to give us communion 
 with the mighty dead, and bring up the sweet 
 remembrance of shining virtues and surpassing ex- 
 cellence. How dear was the old Chapel to every 
 graduate of the College ! In its sacred desk ministered 
 a Maxcy, an Elliott, and a Thornwell ; and for many 
 long years a Henry, a Barnwell a Preston, and a Lieber, 
 graced it by their presence. Upon its stage stood a 
 Harper, a Legare, a McDuffie, a Butler, an Evans and 
 an Earle, burning with youthful .ardor, and, like the 
 mettled courser, impatient to start upon that race 
 wliere immortal honors are to be won. Never shall 
 I forget the melancholy spectacle of the old building 
 in flames, the strenuous efforts to save it, and the 
 inexpressible look of sadness in the faces of all when 
 hope departed. How eagerly was every eye directed 
 as it melted away piece by piece, and how anxious 
 was that look into the Hall when the atmosphere was 
 but one blaze of fire, that perchance another and yet 
 another glimpse might be got of the old familiar places 
 which in a few moments were to disappear forever. 
 With the roof in a flame, and momentarily expected 
 to fall, persons were to be seen rushing into it, that 
 they might snatch something by way of memorial 
 from the devouring element. When all efforts ceased, 
 and the dear old Chapel was abandoned to its fate, 
 men looked as if there was a present death, and 
 sorrowed as if the chosen companion of their life, the 
 object of their tenderest affections, was removed forever 
 from their sight. 
 
 It was an occasion on which the Trustees felt that 
 
324 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 they were compelled to assume responsibility, and 
 accordingly it was resolved that a Committee be 
 appointed to contract for the re-building of the burnt 
 wing and Chapel, and for taking down and re-build- 
 ing the western wing of Rutledge College, if such 
 contract can be made on reasonable terms, referring 
 the contractors to the future action of the Legislature 
 for compensation. The Semi- Annual Meeting of the 
 Board took place May 9. The President made a flat- 
 tering report of the state of the College. The Pro- 
 fessors had been very punctual and exact in all 
 the duties of the lecture-room, and there had been 
 no outbreaks, no riots, no tumultuary disturbance^, 
 no painful demonstrations of obstinate self-will among 
 the students. The stated annual meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees was held November 28. The 
 President of the College submitted his report the last 
 which he was to make. Some irregularities occurred 
 at the close of the last session, during the absence 
 of the President. Six of the young men took 
 occasion to revive the custom of riding in the Campus 
 with trumpets and torches. It was repeated upon the 
 return of the President. They rode round the Campus 
 twice, and then retired, and everything was perfectly 
 quiet. The students, perhaps to a man, left their 
 rooms on the second occasion, and assembled in 
 groups in various parts of the Campus. It so hap- 
 pened that only one or two wings were visited, and the 
 absentees marked. The Faculty determined to sum- 
 mon the reported absentees, and put them upon their 
 exculpation. When the first set appeared they refused 
 to answer, and it was ascertained that all would take 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 325 
 
 the same position. The whole College was in a state 
 of the highest excitement, and seemed ripe for gene- 
 ral rebellion. If the reader feels astonishment, and 
 asks for an explanation, I have to reply that I can 
 give none which will be accepted as satisfactory. The 
 passions of young men are subject to occasional explo- 
 sions, which are more sudden even than a volcanic erup- 
 tion, as this latter generally gives some premonition. In 
 this case, though unattended with warning, the rebel- 
 lion cannot justly be said to have been conceived in a 
 spirit of pure wantonness and lawlessness, as they had 
 at least some pretext for the proceeding. One ground 
 was that the first disorder, that which was committed 
 in the absence of the President, was ignored by the 
 Faculty, and that it was an odious discrimination to 
 select the rioters of the second night only as the 
 victims of punishment. The reply to this is, that it 
 was a matter to be determined exclusively by the 
 judgment of the Faculty. They were responsible to 
 their own consciences, and to the Trustees, and it was 
 the simple duty of the students to submit in silence. 
 It is not to be believed that the Faculty would decline 
 any investigation without sufficient reason, and I am 
 sure that the students are not clothed with the impor- 
 tant function of seeing that the laws are faithfully 
 executed. Another ground was, that all the tenements 
 were not visited, and that the Faculty had no right to 
 call up the absentees from a single wing. The answer 
 to this is, that they have nothing to do with the par- 
 ticular reasons which prevented the officers from 
 visiting their respective tenements. Some of them 
 may have been absent from the walls, others may have 
 
326 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 been sick, and others again may have declined after 
 due consideration ; but whether from one or all of 
 these causes, the conclusion is the same, that it is not 
 a matter for the decision of the young men. The plain 
 matter of fact was, that during the prevalence of a riot, 
 certain Professors visited the rooms of which they had 
 charge, and reported the absentees. There could be no 
 question about the law ; its language could not be 
 misinterpreted. It was coeval with the foundation 
 of the College, had been steadily enforced whenever 
 the necessity demanded, and its authority was now 
 positively denied. This was the great issue ; it was 
 this which made the occasion one of transcendant 
 importance. The position taken by the students was, 
 to all intents and purposes, a declaration that in case 
 of general disturbance the law would be resisted unless 
 all who participated were summoned before the 
 Faculty ; that in such cases the individual reports of 
 Professors would not be respected, and, as a neces- 
 sary consequence, that the students themselves were 
 to be the judges of the times and occasions for its 
 enforcement. The Faculty conceived that such con- 
 cessions would be fatal to the government of the Col- 
 lege, and they determined to maintain the supremacy 
 of the law. Could they recede ? This would be but * 
 to cover their authority with contempt. They could 
 not stand still. What, then, was to be done? The 
 students were assembled in the Campus, and tinder the 
 influence of the wildest excitement. Under these 
 circumstances, the President appeared among them, 
 and I leave him to tell the story in his official report : 
 "I pointed out to them the consequences of such a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 327 
 
 course, and to my great gratification the College 
 almost instantly acquiesced in the supremacy of the 
 laws, and the young men who had refused to answer 
 retraced their steps. The temper displayed at the 
 close atoned in my eyes for the disorders that had 
 occurred." Thus a most important principle was 
 saved, and a gathering storm, ready to burst with 
 terrific fury, was dissipated into thin air. 
 
 The President is able to congratulate the Board upon 
 the prosperous condition of the College. " The part of 
 the session," says he, " extending from October to the 
 present time, has been remarkable beyond all former 
 example, for diligent application to study, regularity 
 of deportment, and general proficiency. The rising 
 examinations, which are now on the point of being 
 finished, have been eminently satisfactory, and the 
 term is about to close without a single case of dis- 
 cipline, or a single instance of disorder." What a 
 beautiful termination of his labors ! What a striking 
 proof of the eminent ability which marked his admin- 
 istration ; of the fidelity with which he discharged the 
 duties of the important trust which had been confided 
 to him ! Well do I remember the sorrow with which 
 all looked to that separation which was now to take 
 place. The College was in the best possible condition; 
 never did it enjoy a larger measure of the public con- 
 fidence. December 4, Professor C. F. M'Cay was 
 elected President of the College. December 5, Dr. 
 Lieber gave notice of the resignation of his Professor- 
 ship. The duties of the Professorship made vacant 
 by the retirement of Dr. Thorn well, under a resolution 
 of the Board, were assigned by the Faculty to Professor 
 
328 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Reynolds. The Catalogue for the year gives one hun- 
 dred and ninety-five students. The course of studies 
 underwent no very important modification during 
 Dr. Thornwell's administration, except in the Greek 
 department. When he succeeded to the Presidency, 
 six books only of the Iliad of Homer were required 
 for admission to the Freshman Class; but under his 
 advice, with the hearty co-operation of the excellent 
 and learned Professor of Greek, Dr. Henry, the Board 
 increased the requisition to ten. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 James H. Thornwell was born in Marlborough 
 District, South Carolina, near Society Hill, in the 
 Welsh Neck, December 9, 1812. The first school to 
 which he was sent was taught by a Mr. Smith, who 
 was a good teacher; the second by Peter Mclntyre, a 
 first rate classical teacher, who grounded him in Latin 
 and Greek. He was now sent to Mr. Bobbins, a 
 lawyer, who, in connection with General Samuel W. 
 Gillespie and James Gillespie, gave him his education. 
 His last academic instruction was received in the 
 Cheraw Academy, conducted by Dr. Graham and Mr. 
 Bowman, and there he was prepared for College. 
 January 4, 1830, he was admitted a member of the 
 Junior Class, and at the Commencement of 1831 
 graduated with the highest honors. October, 1834, he 
 was licensed to preach, and in May, 1835, was ordained 
 Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Lancaster Court 
 House, and immediately after installed Pastor of the 
 Waxhaws and Six Mile Creek Churches. December 
 6, 1837, he was elected Professor in the College to fill 
 the vacancy occasioned by the death of Henry Junius 
 Nott. This Professorship embraced Logic and Criti- 
 cism, and in a short time the instruction in Meta- 
 physics was devolved upon him. May 8, 1839, he 
 gave notice of resignation, to take effect on the 1st of 
 January succeeding, for the purpose of occupying the 
 pulpit of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia. 
 
330 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 October, 1839, he was elected Pastor of that Church, 
 and installed January 1, 1840. Upon Professor Elliott's 
 resignation of the chair of Sacred Literature and 
 Evidences of Christianity, and his acceptance of the 
 Episcopate of Georgia, he was put in nomination 
 for the vacancy, and December 2, 1840, unanimously 
 elected. He entered upon his duties at the open- 
 ing of the year 1841, but in consequence of serious 
 illness, was compelled to leave his situation tempo- 
 rarily, and embark for Europe. He returned in the 
 Fall in improved health, and resumed the duties of 
 his Chair. May 7, 1851, he tendered his resigna- 
 tion, having received a call from the Presbytery of 
 Charleston to become the Pastor of Glebe Street 
 Church. It was accepted, and he was allowed to 
 terminate his connection with the College on the 15th 
 instant. He repaired immediately to Charleston, and 
 entered upon his charge. At the November meeting 
 of the Board of Trustees, Mr. Preston resigned the 
 Presidency, and December 2, Dr. Thornwell was 
 elected President, and entered upon his duties January 
 7, 1852. November 29, 1854, he tendered his resigna- 
 tion of the Presidency, with the request that it take 
 effect on the 1st day of January succeeding. The 
 Board resolved that his letter of resignation should be 
 considered merely as notice of his intention to resign 
 at the end of a year. November 28, 1855, he sub- 
 mitted his last report as President of the College, and 
 December 4, Professor M'Cay was elected his suc- 
 cessor. He left the College to fill the Chair of 
 Theology in the Theological Seminary at Columbia, 
 to which he was elected by the Synod of Georgia, at 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 331 
 
 the recommendation and advice of the Synod of South 
 Carolina. Shortly after his election to a Professorship 
 in the Seminary, he was elected Pastor of the Presby- 
 terian Church in Columbia, and in these two important 
 fields of usefulness he is now employing all his time 
 and labor. 
 
 It is now in order for me to speak of Dr. Thornwell 
 as an Instructor in the College. It will be seen that 
 he wanted a few days of being twenty-five years old 
 when he was elected to a Professorship. When a 
 student, he made an extraordinary impression upon 
 the Faculty. He was particularly a favorite with 
 Cooper and Henry, and struck by his genius and 
 attainments, they predicted with confidence his future 
 distinction. As soon as he entered upon his duties as 
 Professor, all felt that the Faculty had received a 
 most valuable accession. The character of his in- 
 tellect, his scholarly tastes, his rare learning for one 
 of his years, his ardor, his enthusiasm, his insatiable 
 thirst for knowledge, his talent for easy communica- 
 tion, all this pointed to a College as a most becoming 
 theatre for his exertion. As a teacher, few, if any, 
 have equalled, certainly none have surpassed him. 
 Never was there in our walls a clearer head, a more 
 acute mind. Always master of his subject, he was 
 ever prepared to disentangle it of the rubbish with 
 which it was encumbered, and, seizing upon its main 
 points, to press them with a power and earnestness 
 which were sure to make an impression. The most 
 complex problems, the most abstract questions fur- 
 nished the occasions for the display of his highest 
 powers. He luxuriated in the profound, and dwelt with 
 
332 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 delight upon subjects, which by the many are regarded 
 as incomprehensible. His mind was ever in search of 
 law and principle ; errors, like straws, he knew, floated 
 upon the surface, and truth, like the pearl, was only to be 
 found below. Dr. Thornwell first filled the Professor- 
 ship of Belles Lettres and Criticism, and though none 
 could witness his teachings without perceiving the 
 genius and ability for which he is remarkable, yet the 
 department was not congenial to his tastes, and the 
 highest proofs of his powers are to be sought elsewhere. 
 And here I may be permitted to say, that he has but 
 little appreciation of the beautiful, whether in nature 
 or art. He has his taste, but it has no great sympathy 
 with the common standard of the world. He is 
 essentially a man of truth, and though none is more 
 addicted to sober, philosophical speculation, still he is 
 always in search of the real. He will accept no ideal, 
 he will rest upon no counterfeit. He wants the thing 
 itself. He revolts at the imaginative, the fictitious, 
 the mere pictorial illustration, the imitative, and in- 
 stinctively turns away from what Scott calls, "forging 
 the handwriting of nature." Of the world of fancy a 
 world redolent with a beauty which nature in all her 
 prodigality does not exhibit, where 
 
 "All that is most beauteous imaged there 
 In happier beauty, more pellucid streams, 
 An ampler ether, a diviner air, 
 And fields invested with purpureal gleams," 
 
 he knows but little. His mind is logical, argumenta- 
 tive, metaphysical, and it is in this field of exertion 
 that his genius has reaped its highest rewards. He 
 has a love for ancient thought and speculation 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 333 
 
 amounting almost to reverence, and his chosen com- 
 panionship is with his great masters, Plato and Aris- 
 totle, with whom he wanders, as Milton styles it, in 
 "the shady spaces of philosophy." The most inter- 
 esting aspect, therefore, in which he is to be regarded 
 as an Instructor, is in the department of Logic, and 
 the Metaphysical and Moral Sciences. I think it is 
 not saying too much to add, that never was the 
 instruction in those branches of knowledge so ably 
 conducted as when he had charge of them. In most 
 youthful minds their very abstract nature produces a 
 degree of repulsiveness which is not easily over- 
 come ; but by his genius and learning he so completely 
 vindicated their utility and elevating tendencies, that 
 they are now as favorite pursuits as any others in the 
 College. The reader is prepared to anticipate the 
 particular branches of learning in which he has made 
 his principal acquisitions. But I will proceed now to 
 express this more articulately. That he should have 
 formed opinions of his own upon all the vexed questions 
 connected with Logic, such as its precise nature and 
 character, its utility as a branch of education, &c., and 
 that he should have explored its learning, is no more 
 than was to be expected. Immense as is this litera- 
 ture, he has mastered it all ; and from the time of 
 Aristotle, to that of Sir William Hamilton, there is 
 no author of note with whom he is not familiar. He 
 has given to each the most patient study, and 
 thoroughly imbued as he is with a love of philosophy 
 and speculation, has subjected them all to the severe 
 scrutiny of his own powers. He is no dreamy theo- 
 rist, who has happened to incorporate a particular idea 
 21 
 
334 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 in an educational system; but he exemplifies in his 
 own writings and discourses the value of those studies, 
 of which he is the able and eloquent exponent. Who 
 can resist the power of his logic, and who can extri- 
 cate himself from his meshes when he becomes 
 entangled in them? Whether it be the science or the 
 art of reasoning, or both; whether it be the science 
 which treats rather of the laws of thought, than of 
 the laws of reasoning; whether its domain is so 
 exclusive as not to allow of the introduction of meta- 
 physical notions; whether it is purely deductive, or 
 may be identified with the inductive, no matter how 
 these questions may be determined, Dr. Thornwell is 
 entitled to the proud distinction of being the Logician 
 in our midst. 
 
 I will now undertake, with all possible brevity, to 
 present him in his character as a teacher and culti- 
 vator of Philosophy. And in the first place, I will 
 speak of him as a Metaphysician. He was the 
 teacher of Metaphysics, as the reader is aware, for 
 many years, and what language can express the learn- 
 ing and ability which he exhibited in his class-room ! 
 I would not detract in the least from the measure of 
 praise so justly due his distinguished predecessors in 
 this branch of instruction, but I cannot doubt that, in 
 metaphysical genius and learning he never had his 
 equal in the College. Eminent as he is as a teacher 
 and writer, it is important to declare his distinctive 
 metaphysical teachings, and to define his position in 
 the school of philosophy. Fortunately we have not 
 to lean alone upon the reports of his pupils. In his 
 review of Morell's "Philosophy of Keligion," to be 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 335 
 
 found in the Southern Presbyterian Review, vol. 3, 
 he speaks in language not to be misunderstood. He 
 takes his departure from the school of Locke; not 
 from Locke as generally considered, but from him as 
 fairly interpreted. With the horrid developments 
 of the sensational philosophy, and particularly as 
 exhibited by the French Encylopedists, he has 
 no sympathy. He is a Lockite in the sense that 
 all knowledge begins in experience, but he insists that 
 there are certain conditions which are essential to 
 experience, and under which alone it becomes avail- 
 able. He looks with no favor upon the pure Sensation- 
 alist, who regards knowledge as merely mechanical. 
 The province of philosophy is to know, and the question 
 to be determined is, what are we to know? This im- 
 plies something beyond the mechanical. The problem 
 demands for its solution a thinking subject, an 
 intelligence, as a necessary condition to knowledge. 
 He believes in the existence of certain primary truths, 
 fundamental beliefs, which are involved in the very 
 structure of the mind. " They are certain necessities 
 of thinking; but developed in experience, and gene- 
 ralized into abstract statements, they are original and 
 elementary cognitions, the foundation and criterion of 
 all knowledge. Being in the mind a part of its very 
 structure they are not the products of experience." 
 In his philosophy, therefore, he sympathises with the 
 school of Reid, and Stewart, and its ablest and most 
 learned exponent, Sir William Hamilton. He repu- 
 diates the school of the extreme Sensationalist, the 
 mechanical Metaphysician, and occupying a kind of 
 middle ground, advocating a species of eclecticism, 
 
336 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 combines the philosophy of original beliefs with 
 the philosophy of experience. He thus escapes that 
 degrading dogma which would make the mind a mere 
 machine; rob it of inherent powers and energies, and 
 sink it to the ignoble condition of a mere passive 
 recipient. This is a fundamental distinction in the 
 schools of philosophy. As the scheme of Sensation- 
 alism, pushed to its extreme consequences, terminates 
 in Materialism, and even Atheism, so likewise the 
 scheme of primary and universal principles, in its full 
 development, elevates the reason to a supremacy to 
 which it is not entitled, makes it competent " to con- 
 duct us to the fountain of existence, and solve all the 
 mysteries of the universe." He is neither a disciple, 
 then, of the school of Rationalism or Experience, as 
 this latter school is commonly interpreted. It cannot 
 be disguised, however, that he indulges the greater 
 tolerance towards the latter school, as explained and 
 qualified by himself. He regards the two as utterly 
 opposed in their whole spirit and purpose. The one 
 commends itself by its modesty and humility, while 
 the other, with arrogant pretensions, dares to plunge 
 even into the incomprehensible, and boldly relying 
 upon its own powers, to grasp at universal knowledge. 
 He looks not only with disfavor, but with reprobation, 
 upon all speculations in reference to abstract being, the 
 substance of the soul, efficient causes, and similar topics, 
 and teaches that all knowledge is but phenomenal and 
 relative. He repudiates the leading features of the 
 philosophy of Germany, of which Cousin in France, and 
 Morell in England, are conspicuous and eloquent ex- 
 pounders, and points to Hamilton, the prince of modern 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 337 
 
 philosophers, who, in his edition of Keid, has walked in 
 the footsteps of his illustrious predecessor, and con- 
 ceived aright the nature and extent of human know- 
 ledge, and the legitimate province of philosophy. 
 And here I may be permitted to introduce his 
 compliment to Hamilton. Not stopping to look for 
 confirmation of his opinions in the writings of other 
 philosophers, who are imperfectly acquainted with 
 the modern speculations of Continental Europe, he 
 remarks that, "we choose rather to refer to one who 
 is master of them all who, in depth and acuteness 
 is a rival of Aristotle ; in immensity of learning, a 
 match for Leibnitz; and in comprehensiveness of 
 thought an equal to Bacon. We allude to Sir William 
 Hamilton. His work on Keid has filled us with 
 amazement at the prodigious extent and critical 
 accuracy of his reading. The whole circle of the 
 ancient classics, poets, philosophers and orators ; the 
 entire compass of Christian Literature, Eastern and 
 Western, from Justin to Luther, including the angry con- 
 troversies and the endless disputes of the Fathers and 
 Schoolmen; the great works of the Reformation^ and 
 the prolific productions of England, Scotland, Germany 
 and France, from the period of the Eeformers until 
 now, all seem to be as familiar to his mind as the alpha- 
 bet to other men ; and what is more remarkable, this 
 ponderous mass of learning is no incumbrance ; he 
 has not only swallowed down, but digested libraries ; 
 and while he carries it is hardly extravagant to say 
 all the thoughts of other men in his head, he has 
 an immense multitude besides, precious as any he has 
 collected, which none have ever had before him, and 
 
338 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 for which the world will ever hold him in grateful 
 remembrance." It is not my purpose to follow Dr. 
 Thornwell, throughout the length and breadth of his 
 philosophical speculations. On all the vexed ques- 
 tions which have divided the Schools, he has bestowed 
 the largest amount of thought and reflection. He 
 takes nothing at second hand, but, subjecting every 
 thing to the test of his own examination, has formed 
 positive conclusions for himself. Master of all the 
 learning of philosophy, familiar with nil its various 
 systems, his mind has rested upon every dogma, passed 
 a positive judgment, and excogitated a scheme of its 
 own. And it is especially on these vexed questions 
 that he loves to dwell. No poet ever luxuriated more 
 in the realms of fancy, and derived a higher pleasure 
 from the workings of the imagination, than he does 
 when pondering the philosophy of the conditioned, the 
 subjective and objective origin of our cognitions, or the 
 nature of logical and intuitional consciousness. What- 
 ever may be the distaste for such speculations, no one 
 can see him thus absorbed without being impressed 
 by Ms lofty spirit of devotion, and feeling to some 
 extent at least, the force of that genius and almost 
 superhuman power by which he is urged and stimu- 
 lated to his high exertion. My limits will not allow me 
 to dwell longer upon him as a metaphysician. Need 
 I express the opinion that he has no superior in this 
 respect within the limits of our wide-spread country ? 
 Nay, more where is his equal? With a mind 
 marked by marvellous acuteness, a quickness of appre- 
 hension and rapidity of thought never surpassed, a 
 power of analysis which, as if by the touch of the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 339 
 
 magician, resolves the most complex object into its 
 simple elements, a taste for generalization which 
 knows no limit, a learning which has explored the 
 whole field of philosophical speculation what is 
 wanting in this wondrous combination of powers to 
 constitute the highest order of intellect, and to fit the 
 possessor for the most enviable position among the 
 cultivators of mental philosophy ? 
 
 But it is as a moral teacher that he has made, if 
 possible, the most profound impression. Commencing 
 with the great masters of ancient times, he has digested 
 every ethical system, every important moral specula- 
 tion of every nation and period. Here he long taught 
 in the department of the Evidences of Christianity and 
 Sacred Literature. His text-books were Paley's Evi- 
 dences, and Moral Philosophy, and Butler's Analogy. 
 Of the Evidences he thought well, and was only con- 
 cerned in enforcing and illustrating its arguments and 
 teachings. Not so, however, with the "Moral Phi- 
 losophy" of this celebrated author. He was charmed 
 with his method, his order, the unrivalled perspicuity 
 of his style, and believed that of all men, perhaps 
 he had the best conception of a text-book. But the 
 work served no other purpose than to create an 
 occasion for ethical discussion, and the expression of 
 his own peculiar views. Never was there a sterner 
 opponent of the system of which Paley is the ex- 
 pounder. In his published critique which was in the 
 hands of his class, and in his " Discourses on Truth," 
 he has uttered language of strongest condemnation. 
 Having a holy horror for that philosophy which would 
 construct a system of morals upon a basis of utility, 
 
340 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 he has in his assaults upon it exhibited an unwonted 
 vehemence, and, perhaps, in some instances, done 
 injustice to individuals. The system has had its day: 
 few will be found now to defend it, and it may 
 be regarded as an exploded dogma of former times. 
 In his review of Paley, however, may be found the 
 most thorough analysis of the work, and the most 
 complete refutation of the system itself. What, then, 
 is his system of moral philosophy ? It may be clearly 
 seen in the ethical principles of Butler, whose works 
 he regards as second only to the Bible. Discarding 
 the principle of utility, expediency, consequences or 
 tendencies, or by what other name it may be called, 
 he finds a more solid, enduring, and certain basis. 
 He insists that there are primitive cognitions of 
 morality, "which exist in the first instance as necessi- 
 ties or laws of conscience, and are evolved into distinct 
 propositions by a process of reflection. Experience 
 furnishes the occasions on which they are developed, 
 and when developed they become the standard of all 
 moral truth. They stand in the same relation to the 
 moral faculty, in which the laws of thought stand to 
 the faculty of speculative truth." " Conscience gives 
 us the elements, thought and reflection the combina- 
 tion and uses of these elements. Conscience gives us 
 implicitly, the understanding explicitly, the funda- 
 mental laws of morality." The rules of right then, 
 of moral rectitude, exist in the conscience in an 
 undeveloped state. The condition is but germinal, and 
 for their growth and development, culture and experi- 
 ence are necessary. He insists that the primary laws of 
 morality are essentially the same in all men, and the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 341 
 
 difference of manifestation, the monstrous discrepances 
 are due to errors of the understanding. It is not that 
 there is no conscience, it is not that it has no specific 
 nature with peculiar laws which belong to itself, but 
 because these laws are misinterpreted and misapplied. 
 It sits enthroned in all its grandeur and majesty, and 
 utters its voice in every bosom. Its dominion is 
 universal; it may claim authority over all other 
 principles of action. I am reminded of the striking 
 remark of Bishop Butler, "had it strength as it has 
 right, it would govern the world." What a potentate ! 
 Who is free from its control, and when did it relax its 
 grasp, or surrender its authority! Sir James Mack- 
 intosh remarks, that "its title is not impaired by any 
 number of defeats; for every defeat necessarily dis- 
 poses the disinterested and dispassionate bystander to 
 wish that its force were strengthened; and though it 
 may be doubted whether consistently with the present 
 constitution of human nature, it could be so invigo- 
 rated as to be the only motive to action, yet every 
 such bystander rejoices at any accession to its force, 
 and would own that man becomes happier, more 
 excellent, more estimable, more venerable as it acquires 
 power." Enforcing then, as Dr. Thornwell does, the 
 doctrine of an original approving and disapproving 
 faculty, which we call the conscience, to it he traces 
 the genesis of all our moral sentiments and emotions. 
 All theories which would make it derivative and 
 secondary, he rejects as degrading to its nature, as 
 fruitful in mischief, and as mere expedients to account 
 for anomalies and irregularities which admit of far 
 more reasonable and satisfactory explanations. 
 
342 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 It is not my purpose to follow him in the details 
 of his teachings, or in the elaborate expositions with 
 which he has favored the public. My simple design is 
 to indicate his position, to sketch a mere outline which 
 the intelligent reader can easily fill up. I cannot for- 
 bear, however, referring to a speculation of Aristotle, 
 concerning "the highest good of man," of which Dr. 
 Thornwell gives a brief analysis in his " Discourses on 
 Truth," with the remark, that "it is one of the finest 
 discussions in the whole compass of ancient philoso- 
 phy." He contrasts it with the Utilitarian scheme, 
 and declares that "there is a tenfold nearer approxi- 
 mation to the teachings of the Bible in Aristotle, than 
 there is in Paley; more affinity with the Gospel in 
 Cicero, than in the whole tribe of Utilitarians." " The 
 fundamental notion of Aristotle is, that happiness 
 consists in virtuous energies that it is not mere 
 pleasure not the gratification which results from the 
 possession of an object congruous to our desires. That 
 is good only in a very subordinate sense which simply 
 ministers to enjoyment. The chief good must be 
 something pursued exclusively for its own sake, and 
 never for the sake of any thing else." Dr. Thornwell, 
 in his commentary remarks, that according to Aristotle, 
 "happiness is not something imparted to the soul 
 from without it springs from the soul itself it is 
 the very glow of its life; and that this teaching is 
 strikingly in accordance with the doctrine of the 
 Scriptures." But I cannot dwell longer; the length 
 of this sketch admonishes me that I must hasten. He 
 has no sympathy with the philosophical speculations 
 of Germany. No country can boast such scholars; 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 343 
 
 such an amount of varied and recondite erudition. 
 Its schools and universities now attract the world, 
 and thousands of all nations sit daily at the feet of 
 their great masters. It is not easy for language to con- 
 vey an adequate idea of their learning, their acuteness, 
 their subtle reasonings, and their daring speculation. 
 With an energy and industry in this respect surpassing 
 all other people, German thought has taken possession 
 to a large extent of the thinking mind of Europe, and 
 its philosophical systems, whether moral or metaphysi- 
 cal, are now in the ascendant. 
 
 " From Locke to Hamilton," says Dr. Thornwell, 
 " English and Scotch philosophy have been for the most 
 part a confession of human ignorance; from Leibnitz 
 to Hegel, with the exception of Kant, German philoso- 
 phy has been for the most part an aspiration to 
 omniscience." It is, I conceive, in meeting the beauti- 
 ful and imposing dogmas of the modern German 
 ethics and theology, that he has exhibited his highest 
 powers, and rendered his largest service to the cause 
 of Truth. As the mind is competent to construct for 
 itself, without any external aid, a complete system of 
 metaphysics, so likewise, in the plenitude of its 
 powers, it can work out the whole problem of morals, 
 and dispensing even with light from Heaven, and 
 special communications from God himself, excogitate 
 from the vasty depths of its own being, a scheme of 
 religion fair in all its proportions, perfect in all its 
 developments, suited to every exigency, meeting every 
 necessity, and comprehending all the possible relations 
 of an accountable, immortal creature. This is one of 
 the revolting doctrines against which he has brought 
 
344 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 to bear all the powers of his logic, and all the resources 
 of his noble intellect. 
 
 It cannot be expected of me to go into the depart- 
 ment of Polemic theology, and to enumerate even 
 the many questions which are now eliciting so much 
 discussion. There is one, however, which transcends 
 all others in importance, and as it has been debated with 
 great ability by Dr. Thorn well, I must ask to give it a 
 passing notice. This is the question of the inspiration 
 of the Holy Scriptures. Almost the entire school of 
 German philosophers has taken ground against the time- 
 honored faith, that revelation is external and superna- 
 tural, and that certain men were inspired to communi- 
 cate its truths and commit them to writing. This would 
 be to constitute the Scriptures an infallible rule of 
 faith; to free them from all the imperfections which 
 would attach to them, if they were in any degree of 
 human origin, and stamp upon them the seal of the 
 Divine authority. But this is not so; the Bible comes 
 from man, and not from God. For its sublime teach- 
 ings we must look to nature alone; it is but the 
 inspiration of genius like that of Homer, Shakspeare 
 and Milton; and in "the religious sentiment," "the 
 Christian consciousness," or "the religious intui- 
 tions," is to be found the whole power necessary to 
 its production. Under new and less offensive names, 
 the once promulgated doctrine of Deism that nature 
 and reason were the only sources of truth, and that 
 the Bible is a cheat, has been revived. Ventilated 
 in a great variety of forms by Jacobi, Schleirmacker, 
 DeWette, Wigschieder, Neander, and others, it still 
 presents in all, the fundamental principle that reve- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 345 
 
 lation and inspiration are but the result of an inward 
 and subjective illumination. According to McCosh, 
 German speculation has ended in Pantheism. "The 
 personality of the Deity has been superseded by blind 
 law and development, and in place of an ever-present, 
 ever-ruling God, we have abstractions which can 
 never produce fear on the part of the bad, or love on 
 the part of the good." Nor are Neander, Tholuck, 
 Coleridge and others, who have modified to some 
 extent the prevalent teachings of German philosophy, 
 wholly free from this censure. To qualify the great 
 doctrine of inspiration, to admit it in a restricted 
 sense only, is to unsettle its authority, and to open 
 the door for wild and heretical speculation. The 
 Bible cannot be a rule if one part of it proceeds from 
 God, and another from man. Who in that case is to 
 decide? It must be accepted as a whole, or rejected 
 altogether. It was Coleridge who transplanted Ger- 
 man theology in England; and however favorably he 
 may have impressed the thinking mind of his own 
 country, it is nevertheless, I conceive, entirely true, 
 that in denying the plenary inspiration of the Bible, 
 he has conceded everything to its opponents. He 
 has destroyed its authority, virtually denied the essen- 
 tial distinctions between inspired and uninspired 
 writings, and relegated them all to the same common 
 source. It is scarcely necessary for me to remark, 
 that Dr. Thornwell has entered his solemn protest 
 against all such philosophy; which in substance is, 
 " that a valid theology is never the gift of Heaven, 
 but is always the creature of the understanding." My 
 limits will not permit me to give his argument; my 
 
346 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 only purpose is to define his position. In his review 
 of Morell he has successfully vindicated the proposi- 
 tion, that the Bible, in each and every part, is the 
 actual transcript of the Divine mind, and that chosen 
 men, endowed with supernatural powers, and guided 
 by the Holy Ghost, were to proclaim it; that it is a 
 purely objective communication from God himself; 
 that it is free from all errors and defects, as He had 
 endowed them with powers which do not belong to 
 nature, and thus miraculously constituted them au- 
 thoritative teachers of his revelation to others. 
 
 One of the most interesting aspects in which Dr. 
 Thornwell is to be viewed, is as a Preacher. The 
 common consent of those who have witnessed his 
 pulpit efforts, will accord to him the most exalted 
 position. He must be judged, however, according to 
 a peculiar standard. From the character of his mind, 
 his sermons must be logical, argumentative and meta- 
 physical. Always in search of a reason, of principles, 
 they are eminently analytic in their nature, and 
 addressed to the understanding, as contradistinguished 
 from the emotional parts of our being. He has no 
 arts to stimulate sentiment, or to arouse the affections. 
 With the great truths of Christianity, he deals as with 
 other truths. His purpose is to exhibit their reason- 
 ableness, to prove them, and by logical processes to 
 enforce conviction. In this respect he has no superior. 
 And there is, too, an ardor and vehemence which will 
 not fail to impress the most indifferent. He exhibits 
 the warmest feeling, the most fervid devotion, and it 
 is impossible to doubt the sincerity of his convictions. 
 In declamation, in rhetoric, in fancy, he is surpassed 
 
HISTORY OP THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 347 
 
 by others, but in closeness of logic, and power of argu- 
 ment, I know not his equal. His command of language 
 is truly wonderful. His thoughts come in rapid 
 succession, and the words are always at hand to give 
 them utterance. The most beautiful order, the most 
 perfect system, pervades every discourse. Everything 
 is marked by the closest logical coherence. There is 
 nothing out of place, nothing wanting, nothing super- 
 fluous. His sermons, like all his writings, have a 
 marked character. His propositions are distinctly laid 
 down, his aim is clearly perceived, and he speaks in 
 no ambiguous phrases, no language of equivocation. 
 And here I am reminded of a peculiarity of his mind. 
 When he speaks, it is without doubt or qualification. 
 He deals not in the conjectural. " It is so, or it is not 
 so," is his language. But all his conclusions are 
 reached by patient thought and careful reflection. 
 Nothing is done in haste, and his dogmatic assertions 
 result from thorough investigation, and the confidence 
 which such investigations are calculated to impart. 
 He is apt to speak, therefore, as one who knows, and 
 his discourses and his writings present him not so 
 much in the character of the inquirer, as the teacher 
 and master. 
 
 It is not surprising that such a man should have a 
 national reputation. In his particular denomination 
 there is perhaps no one in this country who occupies 
 a more exalted position. At the meetings of the Gene- 
 ral Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the 
 United States, no one has attracted more attention, 
 or ex^/ted a higher admiration. In May, 1847, he // 
 had the honor of being elected Moderator. 
 
348 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 From what has been said the reader will naturally 
 conclude that he has fixed opinions on all subjects 
 of thought and speculation. Having devoted a 
 large portion of his life to the business of instruction, 
 he has had occasion to examine for himself the great 
 question of education, and his matured conclusions 
 are to be found particularly in his letter to Governor 
 Manning, and the article entitled " Barnard on 
 American Colleges," published in the Southern 
 Quarterly Review, new series, Vol. I, 1856. What 
 then according to Dr. Thorn well is the proper func- 
 tion of the College ? He conceives that in America 
 its true nature and design are overlooked, and that 
 there is an attempt to harmonize contradictories, 
 and to work out impossibilities. "The American 
 College is a mixture of the gymnasium and the 
 University. . . . It is presumed not only to 
 have trained the mind, but to have awakened the 
 spirit of liberal inquiry : to have given a taste of 
 the secrets of knowledge, and to have inspired the 
 honorable ambition of seeking it as at once the 
 health and beauty of the soul. This is the key 
 to the enormous exactions of their course of study ; 
 the secret of their magnificent promises to teach all 
 that can be known. They undertake to do what 
 in Germany is done by different institutions, and 
 institutions organized upon different principles." He 
 would not "carry on side by side, a set of studies 
 which are taught for the purpose of awakening the 
 energy, and another for the purpose of imparting 
 the matter of thought." He would therefore divorce 
 them, and introduce under certain conditions, two sepa- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 349 
 
 rate and distinct courses in the College. He objects 
 to the prominence given to the physical sciences. 
 " They may impart a dexterity analogous to mechanical 
 skill in conducting observations and experiments, 
 but they never reach the height, and dignity, and 
 intensity of free thinking. . . . They should 
 not be made the meal but the dessert. They should 
 be postponed until they can be pursued as a matter 
 of rational curiosity, when they become an amuse- 
 ment or relaxation from the severe demands of reflec- 
 tion. They are a good condiment but a poor diet." 
 Indulging a cordial sympathy towards the peculiar 
 views of Dr. Thorn well, I am yet inclined to think 
 that he has pushed a principle beyond its just limits, 
 and that in his extreme advocacy of a special system, 
 he has underrated the importance of scientific pur- 
 suit, and withheld from it the honors to which it is 
 entitled. Passing by their utility, and the important 
 part which they have played in the progress of the 
 age, and dissenting too from the opinion of the author 
 of " The Pre-Adamite Earth" that the battle of a 
 revealed theology is for the future to be fought 
 exclusively in the field of Natural Science, I still 
 believe that there is a real connection between the 
 two, and that the principles of a sound theology may 
 be carried with profit into the domain of physical 
 science. Dr. Thornwell would make the classics the 
 basis of Collegiate instruction. I wish that my 
 limits would allow me to declare all that he has said 
 on the subject. I must content myself with a few 
 extracts. " As a discipline, their importance cannot 
 be estimated too highly. They are suited to every 
 22 
 
350 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 stage of the mind's progress, and to every form of its 
 activity. They have gentle stimulants for the dor- 
 mant capacities of the child, and higher demands 
 for the expanding powers of the boy ; the energies of 
 youth find in them the fittest materials for exercise, 
 and manhood resorts to them as a food, a solace 
 and a charm. There is no department of our being 
 to which they do not address themselves. 
 They give the infant its best lessons, the child's 
 understanding its most healthful exercise, the youth- 
 ful taste its richest models, and the matured intel- 
 lect its profoundest thoughts. . . . Who has 
 not felt as he poured over the Divine dialogues of 
 Plato, or tracked the remorseless logic of Aristotle, 
 that a new life was stirring within him? Who has 
 not kindled at the burning periods of Demosthenes, 
 or been lifted to loftier views of history by the preg- 
 nant hints of Thucydides ?" I have to add, that Dr. 
 Thornwell is a thorough scholar ; that few among us 
 have made equal attainments in the Greek and Latin 
 languages, and that he has added a knowledge of the 
 Hebrew, and of the German and French. 
 
 It is not, necessary for me to say much of him as 
 the President of the College, and to give in detail the 
 particular services which he rendered. This has been 
 done already to a large extent in the historical sketch 
 of his administration. A few more words, however, 
 are judged necessary. I have long since come to the 
 conclusion, that he united more of the qualities which 
 give fitness for the high office, than any one who has 
 filled it; and abating none of my admiration of the 
 distinguished men who preceded him, and holding 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 351 
 
 them in grateful remembrance for their valuable 
 services, still I must present him as the model Presi- 
 dent; as primus inter pares. 
 
 The following list comprises, probably, the princi- 
 pal publications of Dr. Thorn well: Discourses on 
 Truth; Arguments of Romanists, discussed and re- 
 futed. The following articles in "The Southern 
 Quarterly Review" for 1856, when he was its editor: 
 Miracles, Plato's Phaedon, Free School System of 
 South Carolina, Barnard on American Colleges, 
 Memoir of Dr. Henry. And in " The Southern Pres- 
 byterian Review," the following articles : The Elder 
 Question, Paul's Preaching at Athens, Thoughts upon 
 the Priesthood of Christ, two 'articles on the Philoso- 
 phy of Religion by Morell, the Christian Pastor, the 
 Office of Reason in regard to Revelation. Besides these 
 there are many Sermons, Tracts and Discourses, only 
 a few of which will be mentioned : A Sermon on the 
 death of Hon. John C. Calhoun, a Sermon preached 
 by appointment of the Legislature, an elaborate Tract 
 on the doctrines of Election and Reprobation, a Letter 
 on Public Instruction to Governor Manning, Review 
 of Paley's Moral Philosophy. 
 
 The reader may desire to know something of him 
 as a man, to view him in the more ordinary phases of 
 life. He is not like many devoted to the pursuits of 
 philosophy, wanting in common sense; that mother 
 wit, which Pope calls 
 
 " The gift of Heaven, 
 And though no science, fairly worth the seven." 
 
 He is remarkable for his practical wisdom, and throws 
 gracefully aside his lettered habiliments, and assumes 
 
352 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the common garb of humanity. He exhibits no pecu- 
 liarities in his manners; there is nothing eccentric, 
 nothing different from other men. The proud heights 
 of philosophy serve not to conceal the world from his 
 view, but only to widen his horizon, and multiply his 
 observation. He is in close sympathy with it, and 
 not inattentive to its common occurrences. La 
 Bruyere could not have found in him as Stewart con- 
 jectures he might have done in Adam Smith, a proto- 
 type for his wild but amusing fancies. He is fond of 
 a joke, tells a good one himself, and laughs heartily. 
 This imperfect sketch is now concluded. Dr. Thorn- 
 well is in the vigor of life, and though he has done 
 much, it is yet to be regarded only as a presage of 
 those nobler labors which, under Providence, I trust he 
 is destined to accomplish. 
 
 Mr. M'Cay entered immediately after his election 
 upon the Presidency of the College. Sorry am I to record 
 that the year 1856 was one of great tumult and dis- 
 order. If I did not feel assured that I can speak of his 
 administration in a spirit of calmness, that I can dismiss 
 all prejudice and improper influences, I would not em- 
 brace it within the plan of this historical sketch. I 
 know that there are some, and perhaps many, who 
 believe that it would have been better to have stopped 
 short of it, as from the very nature of my position, it 
 is scarcely possible to do justice. To such I answer, 
 that I have no unkind feelings towards any of the 
 actors in the period; that I have no malice to gratify, 
 no open wounds to be healed. I can cast aside all 
 personal feeling, and make my record with all the 
 impartiality which becomes historical narrative. If, 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 35o 
 
 for the reasons above stated, it is urged that I am dis- 
 qualified for the task, it may be said on the other hand, 
 that by my immediate connection with the events, 
 I have enjoyed the best opportunities for a correct 
 knowledge, and allowing me common honesty, am the 
 better witness. But whatever may be the abstract 
 view of the matter, I beg the reader to suspend his 
 opinion until he shall have read what I have written. 
 I shall betray no unbecoming spirit, for I have none ; 
 and though I may differ from others in the statement of 
 facts and in conclusions, still they are differences 
 which may be tolerated by ingenuous minds, and 
 should bring no reproach. It is now my purpose to 
 sketch briefly the events of the year 1856. January 
 21, the attention of the Faculty was called to the dis- 
 orders in the Campus the Thursday and Friday nights 
 previous, and several students were summoned to 
 answer in reference to them. February 7, a special 
 meeting of the Faculty was called on account of the 
 death of Dr. Henry, who died the day before at 2 
 o'clock, P. M. February 18, the President brought to 
 the notice of the Faculty a meeting of the students on 
 Saturday last, at which a resolution was passed declar- 
 ing a re-organization of the Faculty neccessary, and a 
 memorial to that effect, signed by nearly all the stu- 
 dents of the College, adopted. The College was in a 
 state of high excitement, the Faculty were assembled 
 on the next day, (the 19th,) and the President reported 
 an affray which occurred the night previous between 
 the police of the city and the students, in which several 
 students were severely beaten. While the Faculty were 
 discussing the facts brought to their attention by the 
 
354 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 President, the alarm-bell of the city was rung, and, 
 suspecting that the difficulty had been renewed, 
 they repaired immediately to the spot. February 
 20, the Faculty were summoned by the President to 
 take into consideration the repeated firing of guns in 
 the Campus. He stated that the Trustees were then in 
 session, and considering the subject of the students 
 having arms, and that it was now necessary to adopt 
 some measure to restore quiet to the College. It is 
 proper to inform the reader that there was a cadet 
 corps in the College, and that arms had been furnished 
 it by the Governor of the State. These were 
 the arms which created disturbance, and of which 
 complaint was made. Many of the members of the 
 Company had taken them to their rooms, and there 
 used them to disturb the quiet of the Campus. In the 
 recent riot with the police, they were borne upon 
 the shoulders of the students. I state what I 
 know to be true when I say, that the Faculty were 
 unanimously of the opinion that they must be 
 removed from the rooms and restored to their only 
 proper depository, the Library; and that before the 
 action of the Board of Trustees, steps had been taken 
 for their recovery. The Faculty did, however, doubt 
 the policy of disbanding the corps of cadets at the 
 time. The Board of Trustees required them to 
 collect all the arms belonging to the cadets, and 
 return them to the Library. This was accordingly 
 done. The arms were finally deposited in the 
 Arsenal Academy by order of the Governor, and the 
 corps of College Cadets disbanded. The Faculty en- 
 tered earnestly upon the investigation of the recent 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 355 
 
 riots, and their deliberations continued many days. 
 February 26, the chief offenders, who had been unable 
 from their wounds to attend, at an earlier period, 
 were summoned before them, and put upon their 
 trial. Some of them were suspended, and two reported 
 for expulsion. The College was in a state of extraor- 
 dinary excitement, the students had pledged them- 
 selves to share the fate of the leaders in the disorder, 
 and if they were disconnected, to dissolve their connec- 
 tion also. Under these circumstances, it was thought 
 best that the President should give dismissals to all 
 who desired it. The advantage of this was, that the 
 disconnection was in accordance with the forms of law, 
 and not brought about by any overt act of rebellion ; 
 and the hope was, that when the passions of the mo- 
 ment passed away, they woul<J of their own will seek 
 a restoration to the College. Many availed them- 
 selves of the privilege, and with vastly diminished 
 numbers, it was resolved to suspend the exercises for 
 a brief period. Accordingly a circular was issued 
 bearing date March 1, in which it was announced 
 that a short suspension would take place, and that 
 the regular exercises would be resumed on the 12th of 
 the month. Many of the students remained within 
 the walls during the interval, and there were daily 
 violations of the peace and order of the Campus. The 
 Faculty resolved that all students who were concerned 
 in these disturbances should be arraigned when they 
 made application for re-admission. 
 
 March 18,. there was a special meeting to take into 
 consideration a disturbance on the day previous. 
 April 9, the Faculty were assembled to investigate 
 
356 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 a great disturbance created by drunken students 
 in the Campus. From this period to the close 
 of the term, the College was comparatively quiet. 
 It is now in order that I call attention somewhat 
 particularly to the proceedings of the Board of Trus- 
 tees for the first half of the year. There was an 
 occasional meeting of the Board to fill the vacancy 
 occasioned by the illness of Professor Brumby; but a 
 quorum not being present, the members in attendance 
 adjourned, to meet on the first of February. On this 
 day there was again a failure to get a quorum, but the 
 members present concluded that it was an exigency, 
 which demanded the assumption of extraordinary 
 powers, and they determined therefore to make an ap- 
 pointment. It was therefore 
 
 f 
 
 Resolved, That Professor John LeConte, formerly 
 Professor of Chemistry at the University of Georgia, 
 and now of the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 of New York, be invited to discharge the duties 
 of Professor Brumby's department, and such other 
 duties as may be assigned to him the remainder of the 
 session. 
 
 February 19, an occasional meeting of the Board 
 was held to provide, by temporary appointment, for 
 the vacancy in the Professorship of Greek Literature, 
 occasioned by the death of Dr. Henry. A ballot was 
 held, and William J. Rivers, of Charleston, was elected. 
 A petition of the students in reference to the state of 
 the College was submitted, and laid on the table. 
 February 20, the following resolution was adopted : 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 357 
 
 Resolved, That this Board has heard with deep 
 regret of the recent agitation in the College, and ex- 
 pecting that the Faculty will do their duty in examin- 
 ing into the matter, and reporting the proper discipline 
 to be exerted, they hereby assure the Faculty of their 
 cordial support in the proper exercise of authority in 
 enforcing the laws of the College. 
 
 May 7, the Trustees had their semi-anual meeting. 
 The President submitted a very elaborate report on 
 the state of the College, and the reports of the several 
 Professors. He gives with great minuteness of detail 
 the various disturbances which characterized his 
 " brief and inauspicious administration," and speculates 
 fully as to the causes which produced them. I believe 
 that the true causes are given by him, and I would 
 only differ in respect to the comparative prominence 
 assigned them. I know that his position was one 
 of peculiar trial and difficulty, and that to maintain 
 it was almost an impossibility. He was a stranger, 
 had no hold upon the people of the State, and was 
 called to the Presidency at a most unfortunate period, 
 Dr. Thorn well had just retired from the College; Dr. 
 Henry died at the beginning of his administration ; 
 Professor Brumby was entirely disabled by protracted 
 sickness from attending to any of his duties, and Dr. 
 Lieber had tendered his resignation. The Faculty 
 were therefore much weakened, and the College had 
 sustained a heavy loss in its learning, its talents and 
 efficiency. I think that there is enough in the second 
 cause assigned by the President to account for all the 
 difficulties which he encountered at the outset. I use 
 
358 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 his own words: " My election as President of the 
 College had met with violent opposition in the State, 
 in the public press, in the City of Columbia, and 
 among the Trustees. The reasons for this, published 
 in the newspapers, and repeated to the students in 
 private conversation, lessened nay influence over the 
 young men, encouraged discontent and dissatisfaction, 
 and made it almost impossible to govern the College." 
 It is true also that he was not the choice of his col- 
 leagues, and this was known before his election. 
 There can be no doubt that this fact would weaken 
 his administration with the students, and tend to 
 embarrass it. I am happy here to record his testi- 
 mony that, " although they gave me a friendly and 
 steady support, and no act of mine was ever thwarted 
 by them, these notions among the students were 
 hurtful to my success." Notwithstanding the dis- 
 orders of the period, the Professors generally report 
 that the recitations are equal to those of former 
 periods, and the order in the class-rooms good. May 9, 
 Professor Rivers, who had been filling the Greek Pro- 
 fessorship by the appointment of less than a quorum 
 of the Board, was now elected to the Chair until the 
 stated meeting in December, and Dr. John LeConte 
 was elected to the Chair of Natural and Mechanical 
 Philosophy. On referring to the minutes of the 
 Faculty, I find that there were no disturbances worthy 
 of note in the period intervening from the adjournment 
 of the Board to the close of the term. The Summer 
 vacation having passed, the College opened in October. 
 The first disturbance was reported at the Faculty 
 meeting on the 27th, and this was an outrage com- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 359 
 
 mitted in front of the President's house. The Faculty 
 instituted the most rigid examination, but the offenders 
 escaped. The annual meeting of the Board was held 
 November 26, and the President submitted his report. 
 He declares the condition of the College since his last 
 report to be quite satisfactory. " The diligence in study 
 before the June Examination, and the quiet and order 
 in the Campus, were remarkable." The classes were 
 reported by the several Professors as studious and 
 attentive. The number of students on the Catalogue 
 was 138. A very important reform was introduced 
 in the course of the year, and though I am unable to 
 speak with certainty, I believe that to the President 
 is due the suggestion. Heretofore the compositions 
 and declamation had but an incidental effect in deter- 
 mining the stand of a student. It was thought that 
 proper attention could only be secured to them by 
 enhancing their importance, and it was, therefore, 
 determined to combine the marks in declamation and 
 composition, so as to give them a weight in making 
 up the average rank equal to that of any of the studies 
 of the College. Having had to supervise the exercises 
 in composition to some extent from the first year of my 
 connection with the College to the present time, I am 
 prepared to express positive opinions on the subject; 
 and I hesitate not to say, that this movement was of 
 vast importance to the interests of the College. The 
 careless and perfunctory manner in which this duty had 
 been discharged from time immemorial, was a rebuke 
 to the Institution. Nothing was more common than 
 for young men of distinction in their classes to be 
 unable to write a sentence of pure grammatical Eng- 
 
360 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 lish. Their own vernacular had been degraded; it 
 was thought unworthy of special attention, and 
 instead of being the first, it was the last study in 
 which our students aimed at excellence. The effect 
 of this legislation of the Faculty has been to awaken 
 interest; and I here bear witness to the marked im- 
 provement. I have also to notice another important 
 suggestion made to the Board by the President; this 
 was to authorize the Faculty to admit into the Col- 
 lege, free of charge, one person from each District of 
 the State, who would present satisfactory evidence of 
 the narrowness of his means, the purity of his char- 
 acter, and promise of usefulness. This suggestion 
 was adopted. Every movement to diffuse the bles- 
 sings of education is to be commended; and more 
 especially is it true when it is designed to make 
 the poor and needy the participants. November 26, 
 Professor Brumby's resignation of the chair of Chem- 
 istry, Mineralogy and Geology, was laid before the 
 Board. On the same day the resignation of Dr. Lieber 
 was accepted; and I have to add, that in accordance 
 with previous notice, Mr. McMaster, the Librarian 
 and Treasurer of the College, and Secretary of the 
 Faculty, who had with such zeal and fidelity dis- 
 charged his responsible duties for nine years, vacated 
 his office at this time. November 29, Professors 
 Rivers and John LeConte, who had been filling their 
 Professorships temporarily, were permanently elected. 
 At this meeting the company of College Cadets was, 
 by formal resolution, abolished. Professor Joseph 
 LeConte, of Athens, Georgia, was elected to the 
 Chair of Chemistry, and Robert W. Barnwell, Jr., 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 361 
 
 was elected Professor of History, Political Economy 
 and Philosophy. It is due to Mr. M'Cay to add, that 
 at his suggestion the Board was induced to partition 
 the Belles Lettres department among several Profes- 
 sors, and. to increase the scientific course by the 
 creation of another Professorship. December 4, it 
 was ordered that the're shall be an examination of the 
 three lower classes on the first Monday in April, and 
 that the June examination shall take place within 
 eight days before the first of July. 
 
 I have now adverted to the principal events of the 
 year 1856. It is apparent that it was a year of ex- 
 citement and disorder. The Faculty gave to the 
 administration their cordial support, and I know that 
 they were active and vigilant in the detection of 
 offenders, and prompt in the execution of the laws. 
 They passed through a period of unprecedented trial, 
 and their garments! were unstained by the breath of 
 suspicion. The President bears testimony to their 
 fidelity. Their uniform support of the authorities 
 of the College under circumstances the most dispirit- 
 ing, their labors, their toils, their anxiety, their 
 watchings by day and by night, have never been 
 appreciated. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 I have now reached the last President of the College 
 whom I shall undertake to sketch. I have presented 
 Maxcy the persuasive Maxcy the man of com- 
 mingled taste, oratory and philosophy ; Cooper the 
 man of science ; Barn well the accomplished, edu- 
 cated, polished gentleman ; Preston the elocutionist 
 and rhetorician, and man of Belles Lettres ; Thorn well 
 the logician, metaphysician and theologian ; and I 
 have now to speak of Henry the scholar, with learn- 
 ing varied and profound. I -am reminded of the 
 fact, that with the three last gentlemen was associated 
 Lieber, the great political philosopher, with a fame 
 overspreading England, France, Germany, and the 
 United States. What a constellation. of genius and of 
 learning ! Who . upon the bright roll of Presidents 
 and Professors will lay claim to superiority ! At 
 what period in the history of the College was there 
 such an assembly of men ! Each had his rare gifts, 
 his wondrous endowments; but may I not say of 
 Henry what Pythagoras said of an ancient worthy, 
 
 " That in that band there was a learned man 
 Of wondrous wisdom ; one who of them all, 
 Had the profoundest wealth of intellect." 
 
 Melancholy thoughts crowd upon my mind. I was their 
 associate in the Faculty. They have left the College 
 walls forever. I call to memory their zeal, their 
 
364 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 labors, and the common trials through which we had to 
 pass. Henry has gone to a better world ; the others 
 have substituted new scenes of exertion ; and in 
 undertaking to sketch the last President of the brilliant 
 galaxy, I feel almost that I am making the last sad 
 offering upon the tomb of departed greatness. 
 
 Rev. Robert Henry, D. D., was born in the City of 
 Charleston on the 6th December, 1792. His first 
 teacher was the Rev. Dr. Buist, with whom he com- 
 menced the study of Latin when only six years of age. 
 As he had lost his father, upon his mother devolved 
 the high responsibility of training and educating him ; 
 and with a devotion and self-sacrifice rarely exhibited, 
 she set herself to the arduous task. Determining to 
 give him all the facilities for the most perfect and 
 finished education, by great industry she accumulated 
 a fund by which she was enabled to take him to Eng- 
 land, where he arrived in 1803. He pursued his 
 academic studies "with great diligence and success, 
 under the guidance of the ablest masters, until 1811, 
 when he entered the University of Edinburgh. He 
 took the degree of Master of Arts at that celebrated 
 seat of learning, June 15th, 1814. In 1816 he 
 returned to Charleston. He selected the Ministry as 
 his calling, and in June took charge of the French 
 Protestant Church, where he preached alternately in 
 French and English. He was elected Professor of 
 Logic and Moral Philosophy in the South Carolina 
 College November 26, 1818, in place of Dr. Mont- 
 gomery, and arrived at Columbia the 20th Decem- 
 ber ensuing. Dr. Henry was now introduced to a 
 field in which his fine intellect and rare learning 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 365 
 
 could be fully exhibited. He was yet in his youth, 
 and I think it strictly true, that 110 native of Caro- 
 lina ever had his mind enriched and adorned at so 
 early a period of his existence by such variety and 
 extent of acquirement. He was to occupy the Chair 
 of Moral Philosophy and Logic, and his preparation 
 was full and complete. He was thoroughly learned 
 in ethical systems, both ancient and modern, and was 
 the first among us to comprehend fully the Logic of 
 Aristotle, and to appreciate its importance in a system 
 of education. But this was not all. His taste for 
 Philosophy had carried him to the study of man in 
 all his moral and metaphysical relations, and stimu- 
 lated by the fervid genius of Brown, whose teachings 
 it was his good fortune to hear, he explored the entire 
 circle of knowledge and speculation, and made the 
 rich fruit of the master-minds who had labored in the 
 field, his own. To this was added a critical acquain- 
 tance with the classic languages of antiquity, and the 
 rare accomplishment of an intimate familiarity with 
 German, Dutch, Spanish and French. Young as he 
 was, he was not without reputation, and the Board 
 of Trustees called him unanimously to the chair, on 
 account of his great attainments, and surpassing quali- 
 fications. 
 
 I shall now endeavor to follow him throughout his 
 connection with the College, to mark the particular 
 character of his genius, and to estimate the value of 
 those services which he rendered to the cause of learn- 
 ing and education. Dr. Henry's text-book was Paley's 
 Moral and Political Philosophy. But let it not be 
 supposed that he was attached to the school of which 
 23 
 
366 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 this celebrated author is the exponent. No one con- 
 demned more sternly than he the basis of Paley's 
 system. He repudiated without qualification that 
 principle which grounds moral obligation upon utility ; 
 which makes expediency the rule of right ; estimates 
 actions by their tendency and consequences, and thus 
 supersedes that law of moral rectitude, that primary 
 and fundamental faculty which lies deep in the human 
 conscience, and has uttered its potential voice in every 
 age, and among every people. His pupil and friend, 
 the Keverend Dr. Thorn well, in the just and beautiful 
 memoir which he published in the Southern Quarterly 
 Review, new series, Vol. 1, 1856, remarks, that in 
 morals he excogitated a system of his own, the leading 
 hints of which were suggested by his favorite authors, 
 Berkeley and Brown, which he developed with great 
 ingenuity. In the brief outline of his teachings for 
 twenty years in the College, it is stated that he 
 regarded conscience "as belonging to the emotional 
 part of our nature, and as having no other office than 
 to operate as a sanction in reference to the rules which 
 the understanding had elicited; it was nothing but 
 the feeling of approbation or disapprobation, conse- 
 quent upon the contemplation of our conduct as in 
 conformity or otherwise with the rule whose authority 
 we acknowledged." "It was in no sense a law; it 
 was simply a motive to enforce the law." This was 
 Dr. Henry's theory of conscience. But he recog- 
 nizes its existence, unlike some against whom it is 
 charged that they ignore it altogether. Speculation 
 has been busy as to the origin and functions of the 
 moral faculty ; but whether it be derivative or 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 367 
 
 original, simple in its nature or the result, as Sir James 
 Mackintosh would say, of the combination of elements 
 unlike in. their character, the question I conceive is 
 one of no great importance when it is admitted, as is 
 done by that celebrated author, that "it is the judge 
 and arbiter of human conduct, and exercises a lawful 
 authority over the ordinary motives of virtuous feel- 
 ings, and habits and good actions." Upon the death 
 of Dr. Maxcy in 1820, Dr. Henry took upon himself 
 the instruction in metaphysics, which was regularly 
 committed to him by the Board of Trustees in 1824, 
 and a Chair of Logic, Belles Lettres and Criticism, was 
 then independently organized, and Professor Nott 
 appointed to the charge of it. He occupied the 
 Metaphysical Chair, I believe continuously, until the 
 year 1834. It has already been seen in the narrative 
 of the events of that period, that Dr. Cooper resigned 
 the Presidency of the College at the November meet- 
 ing in 1833, to take effect on the 1st of January 
 succeeding, and that Dr. Henry was appointed Presi- 
 dent pro tempore. This brought a great increase of 
 labor, for not only had he imposed upon him the exe- 
 cutive duties of the President, and the multifarious 
 vexations attaching to the office, of which no one can 
 form an adequate conception in the absence of direct 
 experience, but he had also to teach Political Economy, 
 which for many years had been done by Dr. Cooper. 
 It cannot be disguised that he was anxious to be called 
 permanently to the high position. Nor is there anything 
 censurable in this. He felt that he had claims of no ordi- 
 nary character, and that it would be but an appropriate 
 reward for many years of laborious toil and perse- 
 
368 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 vering industry in the cause of letters, and of earnest, 
 faithful service to the Commonwealth in the walls of 
 her cherished institution. It is not my purpose to 
 speak of the anguish of disappointed hope, to 
 portray the emotions of one who in a moment was 
 made to feel that the dearest object of earthly ambi- 
 tion had passed beyond his grasp forever. That the 
 Board indulged no feelings of unkindness towards him, 
 I have no doubt. A loud clamor, and, I am sure, an 
 unfounded one, had been raised against him. But the 
 public voice demanded that another be elevated to the 
 Presidency, and the Board yielded obedience. Dr. 
 Henry fell a victim to the religious heresies of the late 
 President. He has often told me that he never had 
 the slightest sympathy with his peculiar views, and 
 that the only occasion on which unpleasant words 
 had been exchanged between them, was when, face to 
 face, he had denounced their unsoundness and ab- 
 surdity. 
 
 Though there are none among us who would now 
 question the perfect orthodoxy of his religious opinions, 
 it is proper for me to state that at the period of which 
 I am speaking, he shared largely in the general repro- 
 bation attaching to Dr. Cooper for his well known 
 heresies. I will not at this late day attempt to 
 account for it, nor is it necessary for my purpose. 
 Dr. Henry met it at once boldly and decidedly. I 
 have before me a sermon preached by him in Charles- 
 ton, December, 1833, from the text " I am not ashamed 
 of the Gospel of Christ." It was dedicated with all 
 due form to the Trustees of the College, and spread 
 before the public, " that all unauthorized speculation 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 369 
 
 concerning his views may at once be set at rest." 
 From the address to the Trustees accompanying the 
 sermon, I make the following extract: "From the 
 first hour of my connection with the College, it has 
 been my aim to avoid every thing which might have 
 the slightest agency in disturbing the harmony 
 existing among our religious denominations, and to 
 promote that holy calm of the passions, which is alike 
 favorable to our happiness as citizens, and to success 
 in our pursuits as philosophers. Though connected 
 from conviction, and early association, with a particular 
 sect, the arduous avocations of an academical life 
 have furnished me with but few opportunities of 
 announcing my sentiments from the pulpit. In fact 
 your wise forecast had positively forbidden the 
 acceptance of any other charge, in addition to the 
 duties of a Professorship To my aston- 
 ishment, I have found that the most sweeping mis- 
 representations of my views have been wantonly 
 hazarded, to an extent which I should deem alarming 
 if I did not know that their utter destitution of truth 
 rendered them as ridiculous as they are powerless." 
 
 Though the Board declined making Dr. Henry the 
 President, let it not be supposed that it desired to 
 disconnect him with the College. On the contrary, 
 anxious to continue the advantages of his great learn- 
 ing and high scholarship, he was retained in his 
 Professorship under the new organization. He thought 
 proper, however, to decline acceptance, and retired to 
 a small farm in the vicinity of Columbia. If there be 
 in the minds of any a lingering doubt as to the fact 
 whether the Board entertained kindly feelings to- 
 
370 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 wards him, and placed a proper estimate upon his 
 learning and services, that doubt must be removed by 
 the following resolution which was adopted on 
 motion of General Hamilton, at the meeting of De- 
 cember 17, 1834: 
 
 Resolved. That the thanks of the Board be presented 
 to Professor Henry for his zealous efforts to improve 
 the condition of the South Carolina College during 
 the past year. In testimony of the appreciation by 
 the Board of his fidelity and zeal, and of their estimate 
 of the ability with which he discharged the duties of 
 his Professorship, the Board refer to the fact of Dr. 
 Henry having declined the vacant Professorship of 
 Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. 
 
 It is proper to add, that at this time the Board con- 
 ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinty. 
 He now withdrew from all ostensible connection with 
 letters. In a short time he abandoned his country 
 life, and accepted the office of discount clerk in the 
 Branch Bank of the State at Columbia. This office 
 he vacated in 1839, when he was called to the Pro- 
 fessorship of Metaphysics, Logic and Belles Lettres, 
 in the College. It is not unworthy of mention, that 
 he discharged the duties of his comparatively humble 
 station in the Bank with an exactness and fidelity 
 which were never surpassed. Of this I have been 
 often assured by the presiding officer. There is a 
 moral in this, and the fact reflects, I conceive, the 
 highest credit upon him. I might say that there is a 
 moral sublimity which is rarely exhibited. He was 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 371 
 
 a model of a bank officer, as he had been of a scholar. 
 Nothing but the most elevated character, the most 
 deep-rooted principle, could have reconciled him to 
 his condition. He saw in it the hand of God, and 
 true to himself, determined to discharge his duty with 
 the utmost fidelity. Every one who called at the 
 bank witnessed his cheerful, open countenance, and 
 the beautiful resignation with which he submitted to 
 his fate. No doubt the saying of Epaminondas, under 
 similar circumstances often occurred to him, "that 
 no office could give dignity to him who held it, but 
 that he who held it might give dignity to any office." 
 The re-appearance of Dr. Henry in the College in 
 1839, gladdened the hearts of all. His loss had been 
 severely felt. Confessedly the most finished scholar 
 in our midst, the common sentiment recoiled at the 
 idea that such a man should be buried in obscurity. 
 At the November meeting Judge Butler put him 
 in nomination for the Professorship of Metaphysics 
 and Logic, and on the 29th of the month he was 
 elected Professor of Metaphysics, Logic, Rhetoric and 
 Belles Lettres. I may be permitted to remark, that 
 I was at that time a member of the Board, and can 
 bear personal testimony to the joyous feelings which 
 animated the bosoms of all. I know, too, that he 
 returned to the College with all the ardor and fresh- 
 ness of his first connection. He was gratified at this 
 new proof of confidence. There were no wounds to 
 be healed ; no sense of wrong lurked in his bosom, the 
 past was forgotten, and he entered upon his task with 
 uncompromising devotion. The College again had its 
 great scholar within her walls; he was yet in the 
 
372 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLFGE. 
 
 fullness of his strength, and for seventeen years more 
 was to consecrate, with untiring energy, his genius 
 and learning to his noble vocation. Upon the retire- 
 ment of President Barnwell, he was chosen Chairman 
 of the Faculty, and December 2, 1842, was unani- 
 mously elected President of the College. The depart- 
 ment of Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy was 
 assigned him, and he was also required to instruct the 
 Senior Class in some of their Greek studies. 
 
 We have now reached an important era in the life 
 of Dr. Henry. He had attained to the Presidency of 
 the College. I was his colleague in the Faculty, being 
 elected at the same session to the chair which he 
 had vacated. My relations towards him from this 
 moment to the period of his death, were of the most 
 confidential character, and no one, therefore, I con- 
 ceive, has a clearer right to speak authoritatively of 
 him. Never did one bring a more willing and deter- 
 mined spirit to the discharge of his high duties. All 
 that experience in College life, all that sound learning, 
 untiring industry, and unmixed devotion could accom- 
 plish, was religiously consecrated to the task. There 
 is, therefore, no occasion for reproach, and his name 
 as the President of the College, as in every other po- 
 sition in life, is without spot or blemish. No dark 
 shadows have passed over it, dimming even for a mo- 
 ment that brilliant light by which it is encircled. With 
 the liveliest recollection of the painful anxiety and 
 solicitude, the severe toils and labors of this great and 
 good man during the short period of his Presidency, 
 it is with a feeling of sadness that I revert to this por- 
 tion of his history. The College, its honor and its 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 373 
 
 glory, alone absorbed his thoughts. He had been so 
 long connected with it, that he indulged a feeling of 
 paternity. . He felt that a failure in his administra- 
 tion would bring upon him irreparable injury, and the 
 slightest disorders would startle his excited imagina- 
 tion. I shall never forget the many meetings which 
 I had alone with him by day and by night, when I 
 was called but to witness again and again the mental 
 agony which he endured. I know full well the devo- 
 tion of the many distinguished men who have pre- 
 sided over this Institution, but sure I am that in zeal 
 and labor he equalled any, and that in sufferings he 
 surpassed them all. It was his misfortune to be 
 unpopular, but why I know not. In strictness, per- 
 haps, he had not with his other thorough attainments 
 learned well the art of controlling and governing 
 youth ; but at other times, and under other circum- 
 stances, there have been those in the Presidential 
 Chair in no sense his superiors, who have achieved a 
 fair measure of success. Never was there a more con- 
 scientious officer. No . duty was ever left undis- 
 charged no matter of executive business postponed. 
 But it is my purpose not to censure others, but to do 
 justice to a good man. From his entrance upon his 
 office to the period of his retirement, November 28, 
 1845, he never relaxed his efforts, and nothing im- 
 proper or unworthy was ever charged upon him. 
 Every act of his administration was in beautiful con- 
 sistency with his well-established character as a scholar 
 and a gentleman. But the fortunes of the College 
 were waning, and the public desired a change. The 
 Board, painful as it was, felt that it was compelled to 
 
374 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 move forward. Sure I am that no unholy considera- 
 tions determined its conduct. Among its members 
 were the friends of his youth and mature years, who 
 were bound to him by no ordinary ties. Again he re- 
 ceived a fresh proof of its confidence and regard ; and 
 with a delicacy of sentiment worthy of mention, it 
 tendered him the Professorship of Greek Literature, 
 before it proceeded to the election of the new Presi- 
 dent. On the 2d of December, Dr. Henry informed 
 the Board, through Col. Hampton, of his acceptance. 
 The Trustees very properly released him for the 
 future from attendance upon the meetings of the 
 Faculty, and from all participation in the police and 
 discipline of the College. Is there not something in 
 the story of his College-life to touch even the most 
 obdurate heart ? Who had more fully experienced 
 the fickleness of fortune ? This was the severest trial 
 of his life. But he was not without his consolations. 
 The exigency demanded all the resources of philoso- 
 phy and religion. He felt that he was in the hands 
 of God, and, as Dr. Thorn well justly remarks, "he had 
 learned that man's happiness consisted in entire con- 
 formity to His will." This was the rule of his life, 
 and there was, therefore, little difficulty in accommo- 
 dating himself to the circumstances of his condition. 
 Having discharged his duty to the best of his ability, 
 and having no reproaches of conscience, he did be- 
 lieve that the Board had lent too ready an ear to the 
 complaints against him. But he soon ceased to com- 
 plain, and I hesitate not to declare, that this period was 
 the happiest of his College life. His nature was 
 generous and forgiving, and being called to a department 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 375 
 
 which was congenial to his tastes, all recollection of 
 the past was lost in the devotion to his task. 
 
 Up to this time Greek and Latin constituted a com- 
 mon department. Dr. Henry had been mainly instru- 
 mental in effecting the separation, and thus giving to 
 each an independent existence. In this he exhibited 
 his love for the classics, and his idea of the prominence 
 to which they are entitled in a course of College 
 instruction. He had the honor of being the first 
 Professor of Greek Literature, and under no more 
 favorable auspices could the chair have been inaugu- 
 rated. His proud and sensitive spirit might have 
 sunk under other circumstances. He was now fast 
 approaching the sixth decade of life, but his health 
 was good, and he believed that a bright and new 
 career of usefulness was before him. Our recita- 
 tion rooms were in the same building, and immediately 
 opposite, and day by day I witnessed his earnest 
 enthusiasm, and his unabated devotion. It was my 
 habit to call upon him after the hour of recitation had 
 terminated, and generally I found him engaged in 
 explaining some passage, or elucidating some point to 
 a member of the class who had remained for further 
 instruction. This was done not only with willingness, 
 but with parental kindness. His constitution up to 
 this time was vigorous and robust, but in a few years 
 it was clearly to be perceived that it was giving way 
 under the trials and labors to which it was subjected. 
 His residence was a mile from the College, and for 
 many years he walked to his class-room. I have 
 times without number witnessed his exhaustion upon 
 his arrival, and nothing less than a sense of duty, and 
 
376 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 a conscientious devotion to the interests of the College, 
 could have sustained him under such circumstances. 
 But it was the decree of Providence that this eminent 
 scholar, this good man, was not much longer to adorn 
 the Institution which he so much loved, by his learn- 
 ing and his virtues. For the last years of his life, he 
 was frequently prevented by sickness from attending 
 his class-room. He met his classes twice a day. I 
 have now before me the languid step with which he 
 pursued his way up the Campus, and the overpowering 
 breathlessness and exhaustion so frequently present 
 when we exchanged the usual salutation. It was 
 under these circumstances that Dr. Thornwell con- 
 ceived the noble idea of having him pensioned by the 
 Legislature, and constituted Emeritus Professor of the 
 department. I have already alluded to this in the 
 history of his administration. Now that the vene- 
 rated scholar has forever bid adieu to the classic halls 
 which he so long adorned by his learning, who does 
 not regret that this beautiful compliment, so well 
 deserved by the man and the cause, had not been ex- 
 tended ! Never was there one who would have placed 
 a higher value upon it. He was happy, for he had 
 "an old age which was established upon the founda- 
 tions of youth." He could look back with satisfaction, 
 and enjoy that "peacable, unmixed and elegant 
 pleasure" which is so impressively presented by 
 Addison as the reward of a well-spent life. But 
 had it been done, his noble heart would have been 
 filled with unutterable emotions, and tears of gratitude 
 would have coursed down his manly face. On the 3d 
 of February, 1856, Dr. Henry was seized, when 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 377 
 
 engaged in his usual morning devotion, with a malady, 
 which terminated his life on the 6th. I was sum- 
 moned to see him on the day of his attack, but his 
 condition did not excite my apprehension. I called 
 again on Wednesday at noon, and remained with him 
 an hour. Though in bed, there was no appearance 
 of disease, and no one doubted that in a few days he 
 would be able to return to his accustomed duties. 
 The last half hour I was alone with him. I shall 
 never forget the scene. I think he had with me his 
 last conversation on earth. He was happy, cheerful, 
 joyous. He had no apprehensions of death. I re- 
 member well his remark, that "the Doctor thought 
 him well, that I had pronounced him well, that he 
 felt well, and that he must, therefore, conclude he 
 was well." He wasa good laugher, and never did he 
 indulge himself more freely than on this the last hour 
 of his life. The topics of conversation between us are 
 fresh in my memory. He spoke largely of the College, 
 and thus on his death-bed sealed his devotion. He 
 developed, as he had often done on previous occasions, 
 his views of College education, with peculiar earnest- 
 ness. He spoke kindly of many of his colleagues in 
 the Faculty, and of the distinguished gentleman who 
 had recently vacated the Presidential Chair with 
 marked affection. Nothing unseemly, nothing unbe- 
 coming fell from his lips. I called his attention to 
 Dr. Paley, and asked some questions in reference to 
 his system of Moral Philosophy. He bore the highest 
 testimony to him as a man and a writer, but con- 
 demned his theory, as founded on a wrong basis. But 
 that which most impressed me was his enlarged and 
 
378 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 catholic religious spirit. Of one thing I was assured, 
 that he loved all who loved our common Lord Jesus. 
 I left him, but had scarce reached my home before I 
 was informed by a messenger from his household, that 
 he was dead. I hastened to his house, and upon Dr. 
 Thornwell, Professor Pelham and myself, devolved the 
 sad duty of laying out his corpse. He died instan- 
 taneously, it is believed, of an affection of the heart. 
 Death, though unexpected, found him clad in his full 
 armour. He did believe that the great business of 
 life was to prepare for it, and come when it may, he 
 was ready to obey the summons. Owing to the 
 absence of a member of his family, his body was not 
 interred for ten days, and it is not a little remarkable, 
 that during this long period, it did not exhibit any 
 symptom of decomposition. BLut the .unmistakable 
 signs of death were present, and the singular condition 
 was due to causes which perhaps may admit of ex- 
 planation. The effect produced upon the public mind, 
 and particularly upon the College, was of the most 
 decided character. Long a resident of the community 
 of Columbia, and loved by all, his loss was mourned 
 as a public calamity. Never have I known a more 
 general expression of regret. Respected for his 
 virtues, and admired for his elevated character, all 
 joined in doing homage to his memory. But the 
 College felt his death especially. Students and Pro- 
 fessors alike realized that its most learned Professor, 
 its peculiar glory, had departed; that letters, virtue 
 and religion, had lost its strongest supporter, its most 
 uncompromising advocate. At a special meeting of 
 the Faculty held February 7, the following resolutions 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 379 
 
 were unanimously adopted. It will add largely to 
 the compliment when it is stated, that they were con- 
 tributed by Dr. Lieber, his oldest associate : 
 
 Whereas, It has pleased the Almighty Disposer of 
 Events to remove from the scene of his earthly labors 
 our colleague and friend, the Reverend Robert Henry, 
 D. D., Professor of Greek Literature in the South 
 Carolina College : 
 
 Resolved, That we deeply lament the severe loss 
 which has been sustained by the Institution in the 
 death of its oldest and most learned teacher, who, full 
 of years and mature wisdom and piety, strong in 
 Christian faith, and incessant in the pursuit of know- 
 ledge and truth to the last, was a venerated and 
 noble example alike to the students and ourselves. 
 
 Resolved, That we look with gratification and pride 
 upon a connection with the College which embraced a 
 period of nearly forty years, and was illustrated and 
 adorned by his rare learning, his ripe scholarship, his 
 elevated ambition, his unremitting industry, his con- 
 scientious discharge of duty, his large contribution to 
 letters, and his eminent services in the cause of edu- 
 cation. 
 
 Resolved, That we sincerely sympathise with the 
 members of the house of mourning, to which he will 
 never return, as the affectionate husband and devoted 
 father. 
 
 Resolved, That as a token of our respect and reve- 
 rence for the deceased, the exercises of the College be 
 suspended until the close of the week, and that the 
 members of the Faculty wear the usual badge of 
 mourning for thirty days. 
 
380 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be com- 
 municated to the bereaved family, and published in 
 the papers of the city. 
 
 Nor were the students behind the Faculty in their 
 demonstrations of love and veneration. They asked 
 the Faculty to be permitted to co-operate with them 
 in the proposed honors to his remains, to bear them 
 to their sad resting place, and resolved to present his 
 afflicted widow with a portrait by Scarborough, and 
 to erect a costly monument over his grave. The in- 
 terment did not take place until the 15th instant, and 
 the exercises of the College were suspended a week 
 longer than was expected. It is worthy of note, that 
 Dr. Henry's death occurred in the midst of a general 
 disturbance in the College which,- in its full develop- 
 ment, was destined to break forth in open rebellion, 
 and shake the time-honored Institution to its basis. 
 It is here alluded to, because the occasion furnished 
 fresh proof of the love and veneration of the students 
 for him. What mystic power is that which restrained 
 the impetuosity of youth, subdued the voice of passion 
 in bosoms fired by a sense of wrong, imaginary or 
 real, and produced a stillness like unto the silence of 
 the grave, or the solitude of the desert ? Ah ! it was 
 the power which went forth from the house of mourn- 
 ing : it was the power of their beloved Professor who, 
 though in the icy embrace of death, was yet speaking 
 to them. To my mind there is a touching beauty in 
 the scene, which would melt any heart ; a worth of 
 compliment in this quiet, spontaneous tribute, far tran- 
 scending all others. At the appointed day his body 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 381 
 
 was borne to the Episcopal church-yard by the Profes- 
 sors and students, and the long cortege attested the 
 general grief for his death. As the reverend preacher 
 pronounced the sad words, " We commit his body to 
 the ground, earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to 
 dust," all felt that he was truly a man of rare virtues, 
 and that the grave was soon to hide from mortal view 
 one of the noble of earth. Let his memory be cher- 
 ished, as the world seldom affords so bright an 
 example. 
 
 " Rari quippe boni, nuraero vix sunt totidem quot 
 Thebarum portae, vel divitis ostra Nili." 
 
 The spot where he is buried is marked by a beauti- 
 ful monument erected by his beloved pupils, which, at 
 their request, was superintended in its style and 
 arrangements by Professor Reynolds, and bears the 
 following inscription : 
 
 Born in Charleston, December 6, 1792, 
 Graduated Master of Arts at the University of Edinburgh, 
 
 June 15, 1814, 
 
 Ordained to the Christian Ministry May 25, 1817, 
 
 Chosen Professor in South Carolina College, 1818, 
 
 Keceived the degree of D. D. from the College, 1834, 
 
 Died in Columbia Feb. 6, 1856. 
 
 " Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus 
 Tarn cari capitis ?" 
 
 Erected by the students of South Carolina College, 
 
 As a tribute to the memory of one who, for thirty years, adorned 
 
 the Institution by his learning and piety. 
 
 24 
 
382 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, 
 February 19, the following resolutions were unani- 
 mously adopted, on motion of Judge O'Neall : 
 
 Resolved, That the death of Dr. Robert Henry, Pro- 
 fessor of Greek Literature, is an event deeply to be 
 regretted by the Trustees. 
 
 Resolved, That a service of more than thirty-five 
 years in the College entitle him to a high, a very high 
 place in their esteem, respect and confidence. 
 
 Resolved, That his learning and virtues are the best 
 testimonials of his name, and will always command 
 for it, at home or abroad, veneration and respect. 
 
 Resolved, That the Board individually and collec- 
 tively sympathize with his bereaved family, and the 
 only adequate consolation which they can offer, is the 
 Christian's hope and confidence of bliss unutterable, 
 and full of glory, in an everlasting world. 
 
 Resolved, That the salary of the deceased, until a 
 successor enter upon his duties, be paid to his widow. 
 
 Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be certified 
 by the Secretary, and enclosed by the Governor, the 
 President of this Board, to the family of the deceased. 
 
 True to the pledge made to my reader, I have 
 attempted to follow Dr. Henry throughout his connec- 
 tion with the College, and though I have presented 
 the scene of his death, and that last, if possible, 
 sadder scene, when his mourning friends committed his 
 body to the tomb, I feel that I have not yet accom- 
 plished my task, and that much still remains to do 
 justice to his memory. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 383 
 
 There is, perhaps, no little difficulty in presenting 
 the true character of his genius, and I cannot promise 
 myself that I shall escape the criticism of the many 
 who had equal opportunities with myself for forming 
 an estimate, and higher qualifications for the task. 
 His literary pursuits were so varied and extensive, 
 and his knowledge so thorough, he was so in love with 
 learning, and made such universal acquisitions, that 
 it is no easy matter to declare the special character 
 of his genius, and to set forth his peculiar excellence. 
 I have no hesitation, however, in declaring my own 
 conclusions. In the long period of his career as an 
 Instructor, it was his fortune to teach in many depart- 
 ments, and in all he displayed a sound learning and 
 great ability. It will give some idea of his labors 
 when I state, that his course embraced Moral Philoso- 
 phy and Logic, Metaphysics, Rhetoric, the Belles 
 Lettres, Criticism, Political Philosophy, Political Econo- 
 my, International Law, and Greek Literature. Dr. 
 Henry had great taste for the pursuits of philosophy. 
 Of his system of morals, and of his acquirements in 
 that branch of knowledge, I have nothing to add to 
 the little which has been written in a previous part 
 of this notice. He was long the teacher of Meta- 
 physics, and all his pupils will testify to the zeal and 
 knowledge which he exhibited. He loved Locke, the 
 man and the philosopher, and believed that no one in 
 modern times had rendered an equal service in his 
 field of exertion. His system of metaphysics had its 
 beginning in that celebrated author, and he would 
 dwell with admiration upon his genius and labors. I 
 am sure he thought that very little of value had been 
 
384 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 accomplished since his day ; and in the beautiful and 
 poetic exposition of Brown was found, he conceived, 
 all that was demanded. With the school of Keid and 
 Stewart, and the more recent speculations of Hamil- 
 ton, he had but little sympathy. He was an idealist, 
 but not in the absolute sense, as was Berkeley. 
 He adopted the scheme now known as Cosmothetic 
 Idealism, and which numbers among its supporters, 
 Locke, Brown, and, according to Hamilton, a majority 
 of philosophers. In the department of Belles Lettres 
 and Criticism, he was conspicuous. Schooled as he 
 was in the letters of Greece and Rome, and familiar 
 with the polite literature of all ages and all times, it 
 would be strange indeed if he did not appear to sin- 
 gular advantage. His taste, I think, was just and 
 discriminating. He had studied carefully the great 
 masters of poetry, and had a clear perception of their 
 characteristic genius and beauty. Nor was he incap- 
 able of writing good poetry. I remember well that 
 a gifted lady once asked him the question, "What is 
 the precise structure of the Sonnet ?" He replied, I 
 will answer you when I return to my house. Imme- 
 diately upon his arrival, he composed a beautiful Son- 
 net, and sent it with his compliments to her. If any 
 proof is wanted of Dr. Henry's literary taste, I point 
 to many of his published discourses, and particularly 
 to his eulogy upon Mr. Calhoun, and his address be- 
 fore the two Societies of the College. But what shall 
 I say of his scholarship, and what language of praise 
 would be too extravagant ! Who among us had more 
 intimate companionship with Homer and Hesiod, and 
 Plato and Aristotle, and ^Eschylus and Sophocles, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 385 
 
 Cicero, Horace and Virgil, and who drank deeper 
 from that ancient fountain of thought and inspiration, 
 which, though a world has for centuries partaken of 
 its waters, yet remains undiminished in volume, and 
 in crystal clearness and purity ! His talent for lan- 
 guages was most extraordinary, and his knowledge 
 was wonderfully critical and idiomatic. He spoke 
 many of the modern languages with the fluency with 
 which he used his own vernacular tongue. In view 
 of this rare endowment of Dr. Henry, I may risk the 
 remark, that perhaps this capacity for language was the 
 most striking characteristic of his genius. But may 
 it not be said that his reputation in other departments 
 of learning has been obscured by the greater splendor 
 in this. It was remarked of Cicero, that the glory of 
 the epistolary writer, the philosopher and the moralist, 
 had been eclipsed by the superior effulgence of the 
 rhetorician arid orator. My notice of Dr. Henry 
 would be incomplete if I omitted to speak of his 
 extraordinary conversational powers. By conversa- 
 tion I do not mean the power of giving a profound 
 disquisition or a learned lecture, of displaying rare 
 and recondite learning, and dogmatizing a company 
 without permitting any to say a word. This is the 
 proper work of the Professor's chair, and when the occa- 
 sion demanded, no one could surpass him in it. His 
 mind was full, and his knowledge came at his bidding. 
 But in the language of the Spectator, I mean "that 
 part of life which is an indulgence to the sociable part 
 of our make ; and which inclines us to bring our 
 proportion of good will or good humor among the 
 friends we meet with." In this respect Dr. Henry 
 
386 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 was highly gifted. He was in the highest sense a 
 good talker, and while his good sense protected him 
 against the introduction of improper topics, he never 
 failed to be instructive and agreeable to all who heard 
 him. As a teacher he was earnest and sincere, full 
 of kindliness arid patient endurance. No one could 
 impart his knowledge with more clearness and facility. 
 "When as a student I had my first intercourse with 
 him, he was remarkable for the order and discipline 
 which he enforced in his class-room; but advancing 
 years produced its accustomed effect- upon a noble 
 and benevolent heart, and an overflowing kindness 
 would find excuses for youthful folly and indiscretion. 
 He had not lived in vain ; reflection and experience 
 had brought a becoming wisdom. His temper was 
 subdued, and his instructions parental and affec- 
 tionate. He knew that he filled a position of high 
 responsibility, that he was now old, and soon must 
 give way to others. He exemplified the sentiment of 
 Cicero, "that there is a graceful style of eloquence in 
 an old man, unimpassioned and subdued, and very 
 often the elegant and gentle discourse of an eloquent 
 old man wins for itself a hearing." 
 
 I will not disguise that I am reluctant to close this 
 sketch ; that lam most anxious to present Dr. Henry 
 in his true character to my reader. With an amiable 
 and benevolent temper, he united a stern independence, 
 and an inflexible courage in the maintenance of right 
 and principle. This created the impression with many 
 that he was imperious, exacting, and too self-reliant. In 
 his great learning and varied endowments, there was 
 much to arouse the pride of the natural heart, but I 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 387 
 
 state what I know, when I say that he had, in its 
 truest sense, the virtue of humility. There were no 
 metaphysical subtleties, no theological refinements in 
 his religious creed. He cared little for German specu- 
 lation, and the teachings of their schools of philoso- 
 phy he thought were scarce worth the time which it 
 would take to learn them. How often, in conversa- 
 tion with me, has he spoken of the boasted triumphs 
 of the Reason, and of the utter vanity of human wis- 
 dom! He did believe that Heaven is not to be 
 entered by earthly means, by any devices of man ; 
 that God alone can point the way, and that no philoso- 
 phy, no mental discipline, no exertions of the will, no 
 self-sacrifice, no measure of devotion have ever secured 
 admission. It is well to remind the whole class of 
 daring speculators of the fable of Icarus, whose waxen 
 wings were melted by a too near approach to the sun, 
 and who, in consequence, fell headlong into the depths 
 of the jEgean Sea. 
 
 It cannot be necessary for me to say much upon the 
 last topic which I proposed to myself; that is, to esti- 
 mate the value of those services which he rendered to 
 the cause of learning and education. This has already 
 been done in re-counting his labors in the College, to 
 an extent which entitles him to exalted praise. Who 
 in the State will compete with him for the honors so 
 justly due to him who has toiled longest, and most 
 successfully ! He had the most decided notions as to 
 the kind of education best suited to a College. The 
 reader is prepared to believe, that according to him a 
 sound classical knowledge must constitute the basis, 
 and that the pursuits of philosophy, as distinguished 
 
388 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 from science, should be the chief objects of attention. 
 Who will tell how much he accomplished in the good 
 work of educating the mind of this State, and others 
 at the South! Investing learning with its highest 
 dignity, the tone which he imparted to its followers 
 was of the noblest, and most elevated character. It 
 eschewed all connection with every thing low and de- 
 grading, and he alone was a true worshipper at the 
 altar, whose affections were purified, and nature ex- 
 alted. He studied through life "to know himself;" 
 a great lesson inculcated alike by philosophy and re- 
 ligion. He was not guilty of the mistake of being too 
 much known to others, and too little to himself. He 
 had studied his own heart, and derived from it all the 
 advantages which such a study can give; and im- 
 pressed as he was by the importance of the matter, an 
 importance for which there can be no substitution, 
 he might well have directed, like Pontanus, to have 
 inscribed upon his tomb, " I am beloved by the powers 
 of literature, admired by men of worth. Thou knowest 
 who I am, or more properly who I was. For thee, 
 stranger, I who am in darkness cannot know thee, but 
 I entreat thee to know thyself" 
 
 He published little. Two eulogies upon President 
 Maxcy and Professor Smith, another upon Mr. 
 Calhoun, an address before the Societies of the College, 
 a few Sermons, and his contributions to the Southern 
 Review, consisting of articles on Niebuhr's Roman 
 History, the Romances of the Baron La Motte Fouque, 
 Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, and Waterhouse's Junius, 
 embrace all perhaps worthy of mention. 
 
 I have only to add, that Dr. Henry was ordained a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 389 
 
 Deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop 
 Gadsden, on the 10th March, 1841, and a Presbyter 
 on the 25th September, 1842. 
 
 My task is done. A pupil and a colleague offers 
 this poor tribute to the memory of one whose confi- 
 dence he shared, and whose virtues will never be 
 forgotten. He sleeps in peace, and his sorrowing 
 friends may take consolation in the sentiment even 
 of an ancient philosopher, that death is not to be 
 mourned when it is followed by an immortality of 
 happiness. 
 
 Richard T. Brumby was born August 4, 1804, in 
 Sumter District, South Carolina. His father died 
 when he was but six years old, leaving a large family 
 of young children, and but a small property for their 
 maintenance and education. At the time of the 
 division of the estate he was sixteen years old, and he 
 resolved to spend his little patrimony in acquiring an 
 education. For six months he walked daily four 
 miles and a half to the nearest academy, in which the 
 Latin language was taught by a Virginian named 
 Sledge. In that school he read parts of Historise 
 Sacrge, Cornelius Nepos, and Erasmus. In January, 
 1821, he started in a gig drawn by one horse, and 
 driven by a negro boy, to Statesville, North Carolina. 
 He reached Camden late in the evening of the first 
 day. Three wagons were encamped in the neighbor- 
 hood. He drove to them and asked, "will any of you 
 pass through Statesville, North Carolina?" "I will," 
 was the reply of a tall, thin old man, in a pleasant 
 voice. " Will you take my trunk and let me share 
 your toils and camp-fare ?" " I will," says the old man, 
 
390 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 "if you think you can walk so far in such rainy, cold 
 weather, over such muddy roads.'* Ordering his trunk 
 to be taken off, and his horse unharnessed and fed, 
 he partook of the wagoner's supper, and slept soundly 
 in the blankets which he brought along with him. 
 The next morning his servant embarked for his home, 
 and young Brumby entered upon a pedestrian tour of 
 thirteen days, in the course of which he aided his new 
 acquaintance in all his labors. At Statesville he 
 entered the Classical School taught by the Reverend 
 John Marshall. In November of that year, Mr. 
 Marshall removed to Lincolnton, to take charge 
 of the academy in that place, and Mr. Brumby 
 accompanied him. In October, 1822, he was admitted 
 to the Junior Class of the South Carolina College a 
 little more than two years after he began the study 
 of the Latin language. By this time his patrimony 
 was exhausted, although he had practised a rigid 
 economy. He pressed forward, receiving some aid from 
 a member of his family, but the state of his finances 
 forced him to teach a small school fourteen miles east 
 of Columbia during the vacation, for which service he 
 received one hundred dollars. He took his degree in 
 the class of 1824, and was awarded the first honor. 
 
 The year following his graduation, he taught in the 
 family of the late Richard Singleton, and at the same 
 time began the study of the law under general directions 
 given him by Governor Miller and the Hon. Wm. C. 
 Preston. In December, 1825, he was licensed to prac- 
 tice law, and immediately taken in partnership by Mr. 
 Preston in the courts of Sumter District. As he had 
 not been in an office, he was not familiar with the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 391 
 
 practical forms and details of his profession, and he 
 devoted the years 1826 and 1827 to their study. His 
 severe toils told upon his health, and in the succeed- 
 ing year it was so seriously affected, that relief was 
 sought by a journey to the west. Upon his return 
 to South Carolina, his health was restored, and he 
 removed to Lincolnton, where he practised law for 
 two years. In 1831, he purchased a farm in Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama, with the intention of prosecuting 
 his profession in that growing town. Next we find 
 him a resident of Tuscaloosa, and the editor of the 
 " Expositor," a newspaper established to espouse 
 the cause of Nullification. August 12, 1834, he was 
 most unexpectedly elected to the Chair of Chemistry, 
 Mineralogy and Geology, in the University of Alabama. 
 At the age of thirty, he began the study of those 
 sciences while he was engaged in giving daily instruc- 
 tion in them. He was still young enough, full of 
 enthusiasm, had a well-furnished laboratory, and the 
 Nutall Cabinet, which embraced a rich collection of 
 minerals, fossils, &c. He remained in the University 
 untilJanuary 1849, when he removed to Columbia, to 
 take charge of the Chemical Professorship to which he 
 had been elected the December preceding. Professor 
 Brumby's labors in the University of Alabama were of 
 the most valuable character, and reflected the highest 
 honor upon him. There is no doubt that he gave the 
 first impetus to the cause of science in that part of 
 the country, and imparted to it a dignity and impor- 
 tance which it had not previously enjoyed. He 
 was not only acceptable in his Professorship, but 
 he built up an enviable reputation in that State. 
 
392 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 It was this reputation which attracted the attention 
 of the Trustees of the South Carolina College and 
 he received his appointment under circumstances 
 the most flattering. Of his labors here, I will now 
 speak. There is no doubt that he brought to his chair 
 an earnest spirit, and a mind well stored with its 
 peculiar learning. He loved the pursuits of science, 
 and for many years had consecrated all his time and 
 talents to it with singular devotion. He exalted it 
 above every other department of collegiate instruction, 
 and truly believed that the highest interests of man, 
 the greatest progress of the race, were involved in its 
 future development. He was ever willing to battle 
 for his cause, and feared not the most formidable 
 adversary. He gave no quarters, and in the fervor .of 
 his devotion, would perhaps sometimes push the 
 claims of science beyond their legitimate limits. I 
 mention this, not for censure, but for praise. The 
 cause of knowledge is the cause of truth, and its 
 spirit rebukes all lukewarmness and cold profession. 
 He was always to be found in the laboratory. There 
 he toiled with laborious, persevering industry, amid 
 chemicals, shells and fossils. To him there was no 
 company so attractive, no objects so inviting. I 
 think that much of the ill-health which was, at no 
 distant period to come upon him, was due to his severe 
 devotion and unrelaxed attention. He commenced 
 the study of science, as has been seen, late in life, and 
 felt that he had not the advantages which might have 
 been extended by an earlier introduction. He deter- 
 mined to master all its learning, and to be present at 
 its forthcoming revelations. All who heard him will 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 393 
 
 testify to his knowledge, and his patient, careful 
 teaching. I know that he was not wanting in love for 
 the pursuits of Chemistry and that he rendered due 
 homage to the names of Lavoisier, Black, Priestley, 
 Davy, Dalton, and others, who have contributed so 
 much to bring that science to its present improved con- 
 dition. But I think he had more sympathy with 
 Cuvier, Owen, Agassiz, Miller and Lyell, and walked 
 with -more pleasure along the path-way which they 
 had trodden. In proof of Professor Brumby's ar- 
 duous labors, and sincere devotion to the cause of 
 science, I must not omit to mention that in the 
 course of twenty years he collected and arranged 
 a cabinet of seven thousand specimens of minerals, 
 rocks, fossils, recent shells, &c. The collection indeed 
 contained three cabinets, each species in each being 
 numbered and labelled, and entered in catalogues, 
 having each a copious index. This is his scientific 
 monument, and well may he be proud of it. No one 
 but a man of science can fully appreciate the labor, 
 the care, the knowledge, and the pecuniary expense 
 necessary to the accomplishment of such a work. 
 I think I have been informed that it is the most 
 complete and valuable collection of the kind in the 
 Southern country, and it is to be regretted that it 
 was not retained in our College. 
 
 Professor Brumby's collegiate instructions were not 
 confined alone to the departments which he was re- 
 quired to teach when he became connected with this 
 Institution. He introduced Physiology, Conchology, 
 and Agricultural Chemistry, into the Alabama Univer- 
 sity, and taught them successfully for many years. 
 
394 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 He urged strenuously in public discourses and other- 
 wise, the importance of enlarging the scientific course 
 of study in this College, and it was finally done by 
 the efforts of Mr. M'Cay. In July, 1855, he. suffered 
 a violent congestive attack at his plantation in Ala- 
 bama, which closed his labors as a teacher of youth. 
 He had collected ample materials for certain scientific 
 works, and the composition of them was actually begun 
 but his design was thus suddenly arrested. Though 
 unable to perform his duties, the Board of Trustees 
 were reluctant to part with him, and his connection 
 was continued a year longer, in the hope that his 
 health would be restored. But the hope was illusory, 
 and his resignation was accepted December 4, 1856. 
 At that meeting the following resolutions were adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That this Board, in receiving the resigna- 
 tion of Professor Brumby, sympathise with him in 
 the causes which induce his separation from the Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Resolved, That this Board hereby express their 
 appreciation of his services to the Institution, and 
 attest to the ability and diligence with which he 
 has performed the duties of his department. 
 
 Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be for- 
 warded to Professor Brumby by the Secretary. 
 
 He is now a resident of the town of Marietta, 
 Georgia, and may he in his retirement enjoy all that 
 consolation which the recollection of a well-spent life 
 can impart. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Francis Lieberwas born March 18, 1800, in Berlin, 
 Prussia. He went first to a private Grammar School 
 in Berlin, and then to one of the old gymnasia in that 
 city, called the Gray Convent. When but a lad, he 
 left the school-house for the tented field, and had the 
 good fortune to bear a part in some of the most 
 renowned battles in modern times. I need only men- 
 tion the names of Ligny, Waterloo and Namur. Upon 
 his return from his campaign, he set to work to pre- 
 pare himself for the University of Berlin, to which, 
 in a short time, he was admitted, and where he 
 was first matriculated. Subsequently he became 
 connected with the University of Jena, a Saxon 
 University, where, to secure himself against the 
 interference of the Prussian Govemment, he was 
 obliged to acquire the right of academic citizenship, by 
 procuring the title of Doctor of Philosophy. From the 
 University of Jena, he went to the University of Halle, 
 and thence to Dresden, to pursue his studies privately. 
 The oppressions of Greece now touched his heart, and 
 he could not resist her appeals for help. He joined 
 the Philhellenes, and repaired to that country to fight 
 her battles. He next made his way to Rome in spite 
 of the vigilance of the police, and was cordially re- 
 ceived by the great historian Niebuhr, then the Prus- 
 sian embassador, and made an inmate of his family. 
 From Rome he went to his native city Berlin, and 
 
396 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 from Berlin he fled to England. He had now left his 
 native country, and, before I accompany him on his 
 voyage to the New World, which was to be his 
 future home, let me mark some of the more inter- 
 esting events of his past life. He belonged to the 
 party of Liberals, and this party was persecuted 
 throughout Germany. When a student at Berlin, he 
 was charged with being a Eevolutionist, and com- 
 mitted to prison. Upon his return to Berlin from Rome, 
 he was a second time thrown into prison, and released 
 by the influence of Niebuhr. Being threatened 
 with a third arrest for the publication of certain poems 
 written while in confinement, he fled the country as 
 the only means of escape. Before leaving Germany, 
 he published the Journal of his sojourn in Greece, 
 which he wrote in Niebuhr's house in Rome, and 
 which has the distinction of being the first book 
 which he gave to the public. This work was well 
 received, and translated into several languages. In 
 England certain tracts and contributions to German 
 periodicals embraced pretty much his published labors. 
 He arrived at New York in 1827, and took the pre- 
 liminary steps at once to become a citizen of the 
 United States. He made up his mind to fix his resi- 
 dence at Boston. He was a stranger, poor and friend- 
 less, and knew not what to do. But he could not 
 remain idle. The consciousness of being in a land of 
 liberty, where there were no restraints upon free 
 inquiry, where the press was not muzzled, and where 
 there were no dungeons for the expression of honest 
 opinion, gave him courage. He conceived the bold 
 idea of writing an American Encyclopedia. I have 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 397 
 
 conversed with him about this period of his life, and 
 as it was the beginning of a brilliant career of author- 
 ship in this country, a word of private history may 
 not be without interest. One afternoon in Boston, 
 when a dark cloud was resting upon his mind, he 
 threw himself upon his bed, and indulged in profound 
 reflection. " What shall I do ?" was the overwhelming 
 question. He felt that his brain was the only thing 
 which he could draw upon for support. But how was 
 that brain to be used ? In what channel were his 
 labors to be directed ? In reading the lives of eminent 
 scholars, how often do we find that at the outset they 
 have been borne down, and for a period made miser- 
 able by this burdensome and heart-rending thought! 
 Many a genius, under similar circumstances, has sunk 
 never to rise again. A volume of the Conversationes- 
 Lexicon happened to lie on a table in his room. As 
 his eye rested upon it, he exclaimed aloud, "That's 
 the thing ; I'll write an Encyclopedia." He wrote out 
 a plan at once, carried it to some of the leading men 
 of Boston, and they gave it a hearty approval. He 
 left immediately for Philadelphia, contracted with the 
 publishing house of Carey and Lea, and sat down at 
 once to the performance of his herculean task. The 
 Encyclopedia was begun in 1828, and finished in 1831. 
 From Boston he went to New York, where he resided 
 for upwards of a year. He was not idle, but published 
 none of his leading works during that period. His 
 next residence was at Philadelphia, and there it was 
 his fortune to become acquainted with the Hon. Mr. 
 Drayton, formerly of Charleston, South Carolina, and 
 to enjoy the respect and regards of that distinguished 
 25 
 
398 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 gentleman. The close of the year 1834, as has been 
 previously stated, was marked by an almost desperate 
 condition of the South Carolina College, and a thorough 
 re-organization became a matter of necessity. A 
 temporary arrangement was made to carry on the Col- 
 lege for the first half of the year 1835, and Dr. Lieber, 
 urged by his friend, Col. Dray ton, left for Charleston 
 with letters to Governors Hamilton and Hayne, who 
 at once became his ardent supporters, and procured 
 his consent to have himself put in nomination for a 
 place in the new Faculty. June 5, 1835, he was 
 unanimously elected Professor of History and Politi- 
 cal Economy. At a subsequent period Political Phi- 
 losophy was added to his department. Most of his 
 principal works were written when he held a Profes- 
 sorship in the South Carolina College. Among these 
 may be mentioned his Manual of Political Ethics, his 
 Legal and Political Hermeneutics, or Principles of 
 Interpretation and Construction in Law and Politics, 
 his Essays on Property and Labor, and his Civil Lib- 
 erty and Self-Government. 
 
 In 1844 and 1848, by permission of the Board of 
 Trustees, he visited Europe, and while in Germany, 
 published certain essays, which attracted attention. 
 I have mentioned only the chief works of Lieber; 
 those upon which his fame as an author is to rest. 
 Beside these he published various tracts and essays on 
 different subjects; all of them are valuable, and several 
 are regarded as of high merit. I think that his 
 reputation as a thinker and author, must finally rest, 
 however, upon his Ethics, his Hermeneutics, his 
 Labor and Property, and his Civil Liberty and Self- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 399 
 
 Government. I would not have the reader suppose 
 that I attach but little value to his Encyclopedia. 
 This is truly a great work of its kind. It met a pressing 
 want. Something of the sort was much needed, and 
 it accomplished the entire purpose for which it was 
 designed. Perhaps a more acceptable service could 
 not have been rendered. The great end was to 
 diffuse knowledge in a country whose happiness is 
 founded on liberty, and whose liberty is only to be 
 preserved by widely spread information. Though the 
 German work was adopted as the basis, it was the 
 leading idea to make it an American Encyclopedia, 
 by embodying in it all the valuable information re- 
 lating to America, and I believe that this purpose 
 was thoroughly accomplished. If he had left nothing 
 else, this would be sufficient to secure for him an 
 enviable reputation. Perhaps no book published in 
 this country ever met with greater favor from the 
 public. The necessities of the author compelled him 
 to part with the copy-right, and others have received 
 the pecuniary reward for his labors. But he had a 
 higher compensation. His name soon became known 
 to the people of this vast confederacy, and he was 
 proud in the consciousness that whatever might be 
 done in the future in this department of literature, he 
 had led the way, and could not be forgotten. But the 
 work was an Encyclopedia, and the world is apt to 
 believe that an Encyclopedia is nothing more than 
 an alphabetic digest, and arrangement of present 
 science and knowledge. They regard it only as a 
 monument of industry, and are reluctant to accord to 
 the author the honors of original contribution. 
 
400 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Though a book to make him remembered, it was not 
 a book to give him reputation as a thinker, and his 
 highest fame, therefore, must rest upon his other 
 publications. Let not my remarks be construed into 
 a disparagement of this truly valuable work. It soon 
 became in truth the American Encyclopedia, and 
 there is. perhaps, little risk in saying, that it has con- 
 tributed more to the diffusion of general knowledge 
 among us, than any book which was ever issued from 
 the American press. It is not my design to give a 
 notice of his many works. The greatest minds of our 
 country have passed judgment upon them, and he 
 would be truly a bold man who would now question 
 their rank and position. The Manual of Political 
 Ethics, the Essay on Property and Labor, the Herme- 
 neutics, the Treatise on Civil Liberty and Self-Govern- 
 ment, have received the' highest praise from Story, 
 Kent, Greenleaf, Prescott, Bancroft, and others in this 
 country, and many of the best minds of Europe have 
 added their warmest commendations. His works 
 have been translated into several of the languages of 
 Europe, and adopted as text-books in many of the 
 highest Colleges and Universities. Perhaps no living 
 author is more frequently referred to on all the great 
 questions which he has discussed. Having written so 
 much, and writfen so well, and in all exhibited the 
 spirit of the true philosophical thinker, there are few 
 subjects in any department of inquiry which cannot 
 be illustrated by an appeal to his works. His service 
 in this respect cannot be more strikingly set forth 
 than by mentioning the fact, that in the discussion of 
 the Elder question in the Presbyterian Review, a 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 401 
 
 clergyman of the Presbyterian denomination, who in 
 genius and learning is surpassed by no Divine in our 
 country, refers to him in language of highest compli- 
 ment. Can it be doubted that he is one of the great 
 writers of the 19th century! Surely not when the 
 United States, England, France and Germany, all unite 
 in his praises, and have bestowed upon him the 
 honors which are reserved only for the most successful 
 authorship. It is to be remarked, that he has grappled 
 with the most abstract and complex problems, and 
 that he has earned his rewards, therefore, in the fields 
 of highest thought and reflection. He has kept com- 
 pany with master minds, and vindicated his title to 
 fellowship with them. The nature and philosophy of 
 government 1 , the application of the principles of ethics 
 to the science of politics, the principles of interpreta- 
 tion as applicable to the duties of the law-giver, and 
 the science of jurisprudence, the subjects of liberty 
 labor, and property, these are the mighty themes to 
 which he has consecrated his talents and his learning, 
 and on which he has ventured to teach and enlighten 
 his age. In such a field no common mind, no common 
 learning could have achieved any measure of success. 
 Known as he is throughout this country, he is one of 
 a few American citizens who have an enviable Euro- 
 pean reputation. The estimate in which he is held is 
 exhibited in the many honors and distinctions which 
 have been conferred upon him by various learned 
 Societies and Universities. I will only say here, that 
 Harvard conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. ? 
 that the French Institute elected him and Archbishop 
 Whately on the same day, corresponding members 
 
402 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 to fill two vacancies, and that the King of Prussia 
 offered him a Chair in the University of Berlin. He 
 is enrolled among that select number described by 
 Carlyle, "whose works belong not wholly to any age 
 or nation, but who, having instructed their own con- 
 temporaries, are claimed as instructors by the great 
 family of mankind, and set apart for many centuries 
 from the common oblivion which soon overtakes the 
 mass of authors, as it does the mass of other men." 
 
 I have now made an allusion to the literary labors of 
 Dr. Lieber. The character of his mind is well dis- 
 played in his works. The feature which perhaps 
 would first strike the reader, is the fullness of his 
 information, the amount of his laborious research. All 
 that is known of his subject seems to have been stored 
 away in his capacious brain, and he deals it out with 
 a generous prodigality that looks like waste and ex- 
 travagance. The whole encyclopedia of knowledge 
 seems to be at his command, and he scatters it like 
 one who feels that his treasures are exhaustless. His 
 memory then is of the largest capacity. And will any 
 of rny readers give utterance here to the notion, that 
 this great memory is proof that he possesses no extra- 
 ordinary strength and vigor of understanding, and 
 that he is wanting in high original powers ? It is a 
 popular idea, but' I have ever regarded it as the refuge 
 of ignorance and indolence. It is true that Lieber has 
 mastered the thoughts of others ; that in the particu- 
 lar department of inquiry to which he has devoted 
 himself, he has gathered all that is valuable. But is 
 this to be matter for reproach ? He has not been con- 
 tent, however, with it: he is an earnest and bold 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 403 
 
 thinker, and the knowledge and the speculations of 
 others are not unfrequently used by him as stepping- 
 stones to conduct him to still greater heights. I 
 know that I am not mistaken when I say that he 
 is no servile copyist, no mere follower in the foot- 
 steps of other men. On the contrary, he is remark- 
 able for independence of thought, whether in conver- 
 sation or in writing, and is prone to give utterance to 
 his opinions now and then, with what might be called 
 offensive dogmatism. I think that an examination ot 
 any one of his leading works will exhibit very promin- 
 ently this feature in his mental constitution. He 
 hesitates not to assail the opinions of any author, 
 however renowned, and is ever ready to make battle 
 with the most formidable antagonist. In this he dis- 
 plays a high courage, and a perfect self-confidence. 
 I have sometimes suspected that he carries this too 
 far; that in his eagerness for battle, he may fall 
 short of full justice to his adversary. In all his 
 writings he shows an independence and a love ot 
 liberty, which might be called Miltonic. Oppression, 
 despotism in all its forms, whether of the mind or body, 
 is abhorrent to his nature. There is no greater lover 
 of law and of order, and he gives his love to Anglican, 
 American liberty, or, to use his own phrase, to In- 
 stitutional liberty. Feeling the foot -of the oppressor 
 when but a youth, immured in a dungeon because of 
 his liberal principles, it may be said that his life has 
 been one continued struggle for the cause of freedom. 
 Nothing could be more congenial to his tastes, his 
 habits of thought and his principles, than the Institu- 
 tions of the United States, and feeling all the protec- 
 
404 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 tion of a well-regulated government, here was opened 
 for him a wide field, where he could labor unrestrained 
 for the great cause to which he had consecrated him- 
 self with such devotion. He was the same man; he 
 had changed his .home, but not his principles. Even 
 in his adopted country, the victory was not complete. 
 He found the despotism of a fettered commerce, of 
 an exorbitantly taxed industry, and a consequent 
 odious discrimination by government. Could he take 
 any other side than the side of Free Trade ! He soon 
 became one of the distinguished champions of the 
 cause, and had the high honor of being styled by 
 Robert J. Walker, the able Secretary of the Treasury, 
 "the philosophic head of the Free Traders of the 
 United States." But this is not all. Our infant 
 country is rapidly progressive. From causes easily 
 understood, and which it is not necessary to enumerate, 
 we are exposed to peculiar danger from the rise of 
 every possible opinion on every variety of subject, the 
 rapidity with which they are propagated, the facility 
 with which organizations are effected, and the great 
 power which they acquire, and bring to bear in the 
 issues of the country. Some of these are indigenous, 
 while the seeds of others are imported from foreign 
 lands, and find here a genial soil, which soon stimu- 
 lates them to germination. We have our Masonic 
 and Anti-Masonic parties, our Seers and Prophets, 
 our Socialists, Communists, Agrarians, Free Love 
 Societies, Mormonists, Women's Rights Parties, 
 Polygamists, Know Nothings, arid a long list of 
 societies and associations, in too many instances 
 based upon principles utterly subversive of right and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 405 
 
 order, and which, if not checked, would soon bring 
 about anarchy and ruin. That man knows but little 
 of the nature and philosophy of the human mind, and of 
 the history of popular delusions, who is not prepared to 
 concede that the grossest errors and superstitions, the 
 wildest and most dangerous hypotheses, may take 
 root and rally to their support a host of zealous and 
 devoted advocates. Of this whole class of reckless 
 innovators and insane enthusiasts, this motlied crew 
 whose sole principle of cohesion is to war upon law 
 and order, and to unsettle the great truths which have 
 been sanctified 'by the experience of ages, Lieber in- 
 dulges a feeling of abhorrence, and looks upon them 
 as enemies of progress and the human r,ace. The 
 tone of his works cannot be too much commended. 
 The spirit of justice, of morality and of liberty, breathes 
 though them all. But the effects of his teachings are 
 not limited to America. The press has borne them 
 to the despotisms of the the Old World, and wherever 
 there is a struggle for the rights of man, he may be 
 said to be present and bearing his part. 
 
 But I am to speak of him as a Professor in the 
 South Carolina College. He was connected with it 
 for upwards of twenty years, and closed his .labors in 
 December, 1856. From what has already been said, 
 there can be no doubt that he had all the fullness of 
 learning which could be demanded. With the details 
 of history, with the speculations and systems of phi- 
 losophy connected with the departments of which 
 he had charge, it is hard to conceive of greater 
 familiarity. To his classes he poured out his learning 
 in one continued stream ; and sometimes it confounded 
 
406 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 from its very profusion. Full of enthusiasm in the 
 pursuit of knowledge, elevating it almost to the rank 
 of a Divinity, he always exhibited the greatest earn- 
 estness of purpose. Of the amount of his labors 
 in the College it is not easy to form a correct estimate. 
 His whole time, with but little relaxation, was devoted 
 to the severest toil. From his study to his class room, 
 from his class room to his study this was his life ; 
 and yet, with all this labor, his spirit was fresh, and 
 his ardor unabated. Never have I known a more 
 insatiable appetite, and he was ever in search of food 
 for its gratification. But, not to indulge in meta- 
 phor, I have never met a more inquiring mind. He 
 was always in quest of knowledge, and drew it from 
 every source. Like Franklin, he would extract it even 
 from the ignorant and unthinking, and thus he levied 
 his contributions upon all. All know how suggestive 
 a fact may be to a thoughtful mind, and what beauti- 
 ful superstructures of knowledge have been reared 
 from the humblest beginnings. Overflowing with 
 information on such a variety of subjects, he had it in 
 his power to render a particular service to the young 
 men of the College, which I have always regarded of 
 immense, value. In the many public exercises which 
 they are required to perform, such as speeches at the 
 Exhibition, at Commencement, before the Societies, 
 and Prize Essays, nothing was more common than to 
 seek a conversation with Lieber, who would suggest 
 the plan of discussion, and point to the best sources 
 of information. His lectures and his published works, 
 too, furnished a mine of thought and knowledge, from 
 which the richest treasures were drawn. I must call 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 407 
 
 attention for a moment to the arrangements in his 
 lecture room. One would expect to find maps, and 
 charts and globes, in the room of a Historical Professor, 
 as these are the indispensable tools with which he has 
 to work. There is nothing in this, then, to distin- 
 guish the room in which Lieber met his classes. But 
 there is something besides which rivets the attention, 
 and appeals to the noblest affections. The walls are 
 graced with busts of the immortal men of ancient and 
 modern times, and thus is brought to bear something of 
 the power of a real presence. Here in mute but ex- 
 pressive silence stand Homer, Demosthenes, Socrates, 
 Cicero, Shakspeare, Milton, Kant, Goethe, Luther, 
 Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Humboldt and 
 William Peiin. Here, too, are to be seen the illustrious 
 trio, Webster, Calhoun . and Clay, and two of the 
 favorite public servants of Carolina, Preston and 
 McDuffie. I need not insist that these are not to be 
 regarded in the light of mere ornament; that they 
 speak to the souls of all who look upon them, and 
 tend to arouse into activity all that is noble, refining 
 and elevating. 
 
 Dr. Lieber's resignation was accepted by the Board 
 of Trustees December, 1856, and the following pro- 
 ceedings were had on the occasion : 
 
 Whereas., The resignation of Dr. Lieber has been 
 accepted by this Board : 
 
 Resolved, That the Board of Trustees have a full 
 appreciation of the eminent learning and just reputa- 
 tion of Dr. Lieber. 
 
 Resolved, That the Board tender to Dr. Lieber their 
 
408 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 hearty and sincere good wishes for his future welfare 
 and prosperity. 
 
 It is worthy of note, that at a meeting of the alumni 
 of the College, resolutions of a most complimentary 
 character were adopted, and two massive silver vessels 
 presented to him in token of their regard and admira- 
 tion. I have now brought to a close my very imper- 
 fect notice of Lieber as a Professor in the South 
 Carolina College. I have but a single additional 
 remark to make. He must take his place as a star of 
 the first magnitude. In all future time the State will 
 regard his name as one of the brightest and most 
 illustrious on the roll of her Faculty.. That he 
 honored her cherished Institution, that he spread her 
 fame to distant lands, and contributed in largest 
 measure to her exaltation and glory, none will ques- 
 tion. He will live forever in her history, and never, 
 never, will it be forgotten that her chosen temples of 
 learning were adorned by his ministrations, and that 
 he devoted the best portion of his life to her service 
 and honor. 
 
 I shall now dismiss him as an author and a Pro- 
 fessor, but I must be permitted to say a word of 
 him as a man. Associated with him for thirteen 
 years as his colleague in the Faculty, and sustaining 
 towards him relations of confidence throughout that 
 period, I think that I have had ample opportunities 
 for forming a right estimate, and that my judgment 
 is entitled to some measure of value. He knows his 
 strength, and never distrustful of his powers, always 
 exhibits a spirit of bold self-reliance. In the ardor of 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 409 
 
 discussion he may become too dogmatic and peremp- 
 tory, and act like one who never shows mercy, or " gives 
 quarters." This may create the impression that his 
 character is cast in too stern a mould to allow of the 
 existence of the tender and sympathetic affections. 
 But this is a mistake. His heart is as large as his 
 brain, and endued with a tender sensibility. He 
 can carry out the lesson of the poet : 
 
 to feel another's woe, 
 
 To hide the fault I see." 
 
 I know that he is kindly-natured, free to forgive, and 
 incapable of malice. His personal morality is without 
 reproach, and he illustrates in his life the doctrines so 
 impressively inculcated in his published works. He 
 is fond of the beautiful, and is arrested in admiration 
 whenever it is presented. Is it beneath the dignity 
 of my subject to say that he will almost steal a flower, 
 that he may send it with a complimentary note to a 
 young lady! He loves to look out upon a May-day 
 when the earth teems with buds and blossoms, and 
 how responsive is his heart with its hopes and its 
 joys ! Shall I add that he has a youthful fondness for 
 the society of girls, and that no young gallant can 
 surpass him on such occasions in light and airy con- 
 versation. But I must not forget his sympathy with 
 little children ; " those flowers that make the hovel's 
 earthen floor delightful as the glades of paradise." 
 He will play with them by the hour, and leading the 
 way, forget his manhood, and become as one of them. 
 Does not this speak volumes for his heart? Shall I 
 say more? He has left the South Carolina College, 
 
410 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 but his affections still linger around it. He loves the 
 trees under whose shades he walked for twenty years, 
 the lecture room where he so long labored in the cause 
 of knowledge; and the ivy which he planted, and 
 which now spreads itself in rich luxuriance over the 
 house which he occupied, has fastened its tendrils 
 upon his heart, and is entwined in everlasting em- 
 brace around it. 
 
 But I have concluded what I had to say. Dr. 
 Lieber is residing at present in New York, and fills 
 the Professorship of History and Political Science in 
 the School of Jurisprudence of the Columbia Univer- 
 sity, to which he was unanimously elected May 18, 
 1857. Here is a wide field congenial to his tastes and 
 attainments. He is in the vigor of life, and to human 
 eye many years of labor are yet before him. Long 
 may he live to instruct the youth of America, and to 
 scatter over the world the fruits of his genius and 
 learning ! 
 
 The Faculty assembled on the first Monday in Janu- 
 ary, 1857, and though noise and riot were exhibited 
 from the commencement of the term, the offenders 
 escaped the vigilance of the officers until the meeting 
 of February 2, when an investigation of a great dis- 
 turbance in the Campus was commenced. The riot 
 was continued for two successive nights, and was 
 marked by tumultuous noise and a tin-pan serenade in 
 front of the President's house. . Four of the reported 
 students were suspended. On the last Sunday in 
 April, a disturbance occurred in the Chapel during the 
 exercises of public worship. In the progress of the 
 investigation it assumed a serious appearance, and 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 411 
 
 three members of the Junior class were suspended. 
 The sentence was remitted on petition of the class, 
 and the Faculty, in their resolution, placed it upon 
 certain conditions. It was ordered that the resolution 
 be communicated to the class, as it was designed in 
 answer to the petition. It was not communicated; 
 the suspended students being simply informed by the 
 President that they were restored. Whether the Com- 
 mittee of the class was unreasonable or not in its 
 exactions, I will not here decide ; I simply state the 
 fact, that a demand was made for the conditions on 
 which their class-mates were pardoned. The details 
 of the difficulty have little or no general interest, and 
 I will not trouble the reader with a narrative of them. 
 The President and the Committee, and many other 
 members of the Junior Class, had repeated inter- 
 views, and he proposed terms of accommodation, 
 which were rejected. I refer now to a period anterior 
 to the passage of the resolution by the Faculty. The 
 Committee was composed of young men of rare talents 
 and acuteness, and I am sure, that without suggestion 
 from any quarter, they indulged the suspicion that 
 the petition was granted on terms which they had 
 repudiated. There was, in consequence, the highest 
 excitement, and diffusing itself among the other 
 classes, there were few students who did not partici- 
 pate in it. Thus matters stood at the meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees, May 6. We were upon a volcano 
 which was heaving and tossing, and threatening 
 every moment to burst forth with terrific fury. The 
 order in the class room was perfect, and the exercises 
 of the College received the usual attention. The 
 
412 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 President made his report, and it is important in a 
 consideration of the causes which produced the disor- 
 ders to which attention has been directed, and which in 
 one short month were to terminate his administration, 
 that I advert briefly to his testimony in a certain par- 
 ticular. The reader will remember that, in his report 
 of May, 1856, he says that the Faculty gave him "a 
 friendly and steady support ;" and I have now to add, 
 that in the present report, after a high praise of the 
 new Professors, he remarks that " the other Professors 
 have manifested their usual zeal and devotion to the 
 interests of the College, and I most sincerely congratu- 
 late the Trustees on the sound and healthy condition 
 of the College." Thus we have the uniform testimony 
 of the President to the zeal and fidelity of the Faculty, 
 and their cordial support of his authority, from the 
 moment of his entrance upon his office to within one 
 month of the great catastrophe. The history of his 
 administration shows the existence of a rebellious 
 temper among the young men from its commence- 
 ment, and who, after such testimony, can hold the 
 Faculty responsible for its introduction. I state what 
 I believe when I say, that but for the extraordinary 
 efforts made by them, his administration would have 
 terminated in a month. This could be made manifest 
 by a statement of particular facts, but I am willing 
 to leave it as I have now presented it. At this meet- 
 ing the President submitted the estimate for the 
 introduction of gas-light into the College. An appro- 
 priation for the purpose was made, and the credit of 
 the measure is due to his zeal and energy. At this 
 meeting of the Board, the preparatory requisitions for 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 413 
 
 admission to the Freshman Class were so altered as 
 to require only Jacob's Greek Reader, two Books o 
 Xenophon's Cyropsedia, and the first two Books of 
 Homer's Iliad. May 8, the Board adjourned sine die. 
 I turn now to the Minutes of the Faculty. I have 
 already recorded that before the meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees, certain students had been sus- 
 pended for a disorder in the Chapel, and that they 
 had been restored upon conditions to which the Com- 
 mittee of the class took exceptions. I have now to 
 remark, that from day to day interviews took place 
 between the President and the Committee, with no 
 other effect than to produce new causes of irritation. 
 The issue was of a personal character. That he was 
 sincerely desirous of restoring peace to the College, 
 that he labored for its best interest, according to his 
 conception of it, I never entertained a doubt. It was 
 his misfortune to entangle himself in his negotiations 
 with the Committee, and to make upon them, and 
 through them, upon the class and the students at large, 
 unfavorable impressions. The Professors differed with 
 him in respect to certain particulars. They had cer- 
 tainly a right to think for themselves, and surely none 
 will think the worse of them for its exercise. But 
 whatever may have been the extent of these differ- 
 ences, sure I am that they had no unkind feelings 
 towards him, and that they were directed solely by a 
 sense of duty to themselves and the College. Even 
 after grave issues of fact were raised, he received this 
 assurance from one member of the Faculty, who said 
 that he spoke not only for himself, but he believed for 
 all his colleagues. The difficulty between him and 
 26 
 
414 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 the Committee of the Junior Class was assuming 
 hourly a more serious aspect ; all efforts at adjust- 
 ment failed, and finally the whole College became a 
 party, and assumed towards him a belligerent atti- 
 tude. The Junior Class refused to attend his reci- 
 tations, and in succession all the classes took the same 
 position. 
 
 At a previous meeting of the Faculty, the Presi- 
 dent had treated the Professors with such discourtesy, 
 that they felt it their duty to adjourn to the study of 
 one of their number. It was an extraordinary state 
 of things. There was a Faculty without a head ; what 
 was to be done ? The Professors resolved unanimously, 
 after consultation with certain leading gentlemen of 
 the State, that it was an occasion which demanded a 
 convocation of the Board of Trustees. The President 
 was informed of the opinion of the Professors, and 
 asked to call a meeting. He declined to answer, and 
 the state of the College was, therefore, communicated 
 to the President of the Board in a formal letter signed 
 by all the Professors. The Faculty met the next 
 day at the call of the President; he retracted the 
 offensive words used by him at the last meeting, and 
 now gave official information that he had taken the 
 necessary steps to convene the Trustees. It is not to 
 be disguised that the President and Professors were 
 now separated; that it was known to the students, 
 and that the whole College was in a state of high 
 excitement. He reported the Junior Class after the 
 call of the Board, and the Faculty, sustained by the 
 opinion of some of the leading Trustees, concluded 
 that it was best to suspend action, and to await, quietly 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 415 
 
 the determination of the supreme authority. The 
 last meeting of the Faculty was held June 8, and no 
 one cUn read the proceedings without the conviction 
 that they had the liveliest sense of duty, and were 
 most anxious to discharge it. The record bears wit- 
 ness that three of them besides the President declared 
 their willingness to proceed at once against the Junior 
 Class, if the President desired it. A distinct resolution 
 to that effect was offered by a member, and it was 
 made to give way to another, presented as a substitute, 
 which referred the matter to the Board, on the grounds 
 that such a course was necessary to keep the peace, 
 to allay excitement, and was but an act of courtesy 
 to the Board itself; and, according to the record, the 
 resolution of the Faculty was adopted unanimously. 
 This was the state of things when the Board assembled 
 June 10. The President made a report of upwards 
 of twenty folio pages, and in it he assails with bitter- 
 ness many members of the Faculty. He now takes 
 the position for the first time that certain Professors 
 had been false to him, and traces this want of fidelity 
 back to the first year of his administration. Let me 
 remind the reader of his explicit testimony to the 
 cordial and zealous support of his authority, and of 
 the best interests of the College, from the day on 
 which he entered upon his office to within one month 
 of the date of his present report. I have the materials 
 for the refutation of these charges, but I pass them 
 by with the remark, that the Professors found a vindi- 
 cation in the final action of the Board of Trustees 
 some months afterwards. For the present the Board 
 adopted the views of the President, to the extent, at 
 
416 HISTOKY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 least, of holding them responsible with him for the 
 misgovernment of the College. June 11, it was re- 
 solved that the Board deems it necessary to the 
 interests of the College to re-organize the government, 
 and that the President and Professors be requested 
 forthwith to resign their offices, and that the 
 Secretary communicate this resolution forthwith. At 
 an adjourned meeting on the same day, the Presi- 
 dent of the Board communicated the resignation 
 of the entire Faculty. Professors John LeConte, 
 Joseph LeConte and Rivers, were immediately re- 
 elected to their respective Chairs, and Mr. Leslie 
 McCandless was elected to the Professorship of Roman 
 Literature, and the Reverend Whitefoord Smith to the 
 Professorship of Moral Philosophy, Sacred Literature 
 and Criticism. The other Professorships arid the 
 Chair of the Presidency were left vacant. The Board 
 adjourned to meet the first Wednesday after the 
 second Monday in September. The summer was one 
 of unprecedented excitement throughout the State. 
 Never since its foundation did the College receive 
 such a measure of attention. The late difficulty, the 
 action of the Board, schemes for re-organization with 
 fundamental changes, these furnished topics for dis- 
 cussion in the newspapers throughout the State, and 
 from the sea-board to the mountains the cry was the 
 College, the College. The Professors took no part in 
 these discussions. Conscious of the purity of their 
 motives, and the integrity of their conduct, they looked 
 with confidence to the sober second thought of the 
 Trustees and the public. Pursuant to adjournment, 
 the Board assembled September 16. A memorial 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 417 
 
 from Mr. M'Cay, the late President, was presented, 
 and after the reading had commenced, it was sus- 
 pended, and the memorialist was, by resolution, given 
 leave to withdraw it. September 17, a letter was 
 submitted from the Reverend Whitefoord Smith, de- 
 clining the Professorship to which he had been elected. 
 The Reverend Dr. Thornwell was elected President 
 of the College, but being present declined acceptance. 
 The Reverend Thomas A. Hoyt was elected Professor 
 of Logic, Rhetoric and Philosophy of the Mind. The 
 Board adjourned at half-past 3 o'clock to meet at 7 
 o'clock. At this meeting the Reverend J. L. Reynolds 
 was elected Professor of Roman Literature, the 
 Reverend R. "W. Barnwell was elected Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy, Sacred Literature and Criticism. 
 Several Unsuccessful ballotings for the Presidency now 
 took place, in which the Hon. A. B. Longstreet, 
 General Jamison and Dr. LaBorde, received votes. 
 A member of the Board declined for the Reverend 
 Mr. Hoyt, who had not been notified of his election, 
 the acceptance of the Professorship to which he had 
 been appointed. A ballot was now had for the Chair 
 of Logic, Rhetoric and Philosophy of the Mind, and 
 Dr. LaBorde was elected. Professor Pelham was then 
 elected to the Chair of History, Political Philosophy 
 and Political Economy. The Faculty, by resolution, 
 were authorized to appoint a Chairman. Thus termi- 
 nated the difficulty; a termination which restored 
 every officer to the Faculty except the late President. 
 I now part with Mr. M'Cay, and I must avail my- 
 self of the occasion to make one or two remarks. I 
 must regard the restoration of the Professors somewhat 
 
418 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 in the light of a vindication. Surely the Board would 
 not have re-elected men who had " suspended the execu- 
 tion of the laws," and proved themselves unworthy of 
 the trust confided to them. The Professors were 
 not banded together, as he conceived, for his destruc- 
 tion. They did all that was possible to maintain 
 his authority, and when they saw that his administra- 
 tion must terminate, they indulged the hope that he 
 would leave the College in peace and quiet, and 
 exerted their best influence with the students to arrest 
 particular proceedings, which were calculated to do him 
 injury. It is to be regretted that he ever accepted 
 the Presidency. His own testimony, as already given 
 is, that his election "met with violent opposition in 
 the State, in the public press, in the City of Columbia, 
 and among the Trustees;" and I have already adverted 
 to his distinct declaration, that the Professors gave 
 him a uniform and friendly support until one month 
 before his disconnection. The truth is, that the oppo- 
 sition was invincible, and instead of diminishing, it 
 grew with time, until at last it was madness to resist 
 it. Nothing could be done, for the case was hopeless. 
 Had he remained in his Professor's Chair, he would 
 have discharged his duties with satisfaction to the 
 people of the State. It is an act of simple justice to 
 declare my certain knowledge of the fact, that the 
 idea of succeeding to the Presidency did not originate 
 with Mr. M'Cay, but that it was suggested by others. 
 It was not until others had declined his own earnest 
 solicitations to be put in nomination, and he was invited 
 by persons high in authority, that he thought of it. 
 It cannot then be said in truth, that he was in the 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 419 
 
 first instance a seeker of the office. It was natural 
 that he should feel flattered by the compliment, and 
 not very extraordinary in the history of the race, 
 that the trials and difficulties by which the future was 
 encompassed, should be obscured by the promptings 
 of an ambition which aims at higher position, and 
 seeks a larger power and influence. 
 
 I have now concluded what I had to say of the 
 College when Mr. M'Cay presided over it. I trust 
 that the reader will acquit me of all improper feeling 
 in the matter. I have labored to do him full justice. 
 I have no motive to do him an injury. I am only 
 concerned to lay open the causes of his failure so far 
 as is necessary to a defence of the Professors. This 
 might have been done by another line of argument, 
 but I preferred that the facts should speak for them- 
 selves. The subject is burdensome to me; I feel 
 relief in getting rid of it; and I am almost prepared 
 to say with Johnson in the memorable words which 
 conclude the preface to his Dictionary, that " I dismiss 
 it with frigid tranquility, having little to fear or hope 
 from censure or from praise." 
 
 October 5, the Faculty assembled, and Dr. LaBorde 
 was appointed Chairman. On motion it was resolved 
 that the Chairman be requested to prepare and submit, 
 at the next meeting, rules for the transaction of 
 business during the sessions of the Faculty. The dis- 
 tinguished Principal of Mount Zion Academy having 
 recently died, many of his students were, on applica- 
 tion, admitted to an examination for admission to the 
 College. The examination was concluded on Tuesday, 
 12 o'clock, and at a meeting of the Faculty on the 
 
420 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 afternoon of the same day, about twenty were received. 
 The order of exercises was re-arranged, and the course 
 of studies in the several departments entered upon with 
 great zeal and vigor by the respective Professors. The 
 Faculty were fully alive to the responsibilities of their 
 position, and knowing that the College had just passed 
 through a terrible crisis in which many of its best 
 friends were made to tremble for its safety, they deter- 
 mined, if possible, to restore it to the public confidence. 
 It is but an act of justice to the students to add, that 
 they participated fully in this feeling, and gave a 
 cordial support to their officers. The tone of senti- 
 ment among them was high, the spirit of study was 
 remarkable, and offences of a serious grade were 
 unknown. The classes acquitted themselves well at 
 the public examinations, and the Chairman, in his 
 Annual Keport, had the pleasure of making a favor- 
 able representation of the College in every particular. 
 Charles P. Pelham was born in Marlborough Dis- 
 trict, South Carolina, November 14, 1816. He went 
 to school at Bennettsville and Cheraw, previously to his 
 admission to the 'South Carolina College. His teach- 
 ers at Bennettsville were the Rev. Donald McQueen 
 and Duncan McLaurin, and at Cheraw, T. E. B. 
 Pegues, Rev. Donald McQueen, and Rev. James 
 H. Thornwell. Mr. Pelham entered the Sophomore 
 Class of the South Carolina College February 13, 
 1836, and graduated in December 1838, with distinc- 
 tion. Immediately upon his graduation, he was elected 
 by the Faculty Tutor in the Department of Languages. 
 In June, 1843, he vacated the office. In May, 1844, he 
 sailed for Europe, and visited England, France, Switzer- 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 421 
 
 land, Italy and Greece. While in Europe he was 
 an industrious traveller, and very few persons, within 
 the same period of time, saw so much, and visited so 
 many interesting localities. I will not enumerate 
 them, but content myself by remarking, that there are 
 very few places in Italy particularly, remarkable in 
 history, which were overlooked. In August, 1845, he 
 sailed for New York. That such a tour must have 
 been productive of great benefit to him, cannot be 
 questioned. At his mature age, and familiar with 
 the great authors of antiquity, it may be readily 
 believed that it was truly a school of wisdom, and in 
 a very special sense important to the life which he 
 was destined to lead upon his return to Carolina. I 
 think that for the period assigned to his stay in Europe, 
 he could not have employed his time better. In 
 December, 1845, he was called to the Classical Depart- 
 ment of Mount Zion College, at Winnsborough, which 
 position he left in the following October. November 
 30, 1846, he was elected Professor of Roman Litera- 
 ture in the South Carolina College, and December 
 28, took his seat with the Faculty. September 16, 
 1857, he was elected to the Chair of History, Political 
 Philosophy, and Political Economy, and his connec- 
 tion with the College terminated November 25 of 
 that year. Thus it will be seen he was a Pro- 
 fessor for eleven years. That his labors were of 
 great value, and that they deserve to be held in last- 
 ing remembrance, cannot be questioned. He was a 
 careful, pains-taking, indefatigable teacher, and his 
 knowledge of his department was minute and critical. 
 As a disciplinarian, he was one of the best which the 
 
422 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 College ever had. He maintained the most perfect 
 order in his class-room, and never passed, without 
 rebuke, the slightest violation of propriety or decorum. 
 He certainly possessed, in an uncommon degree, the 
 rare talent so important to the teacher, of controlling 
 youth when before him for instruction. At the meet- 
 ings of the Faculty, he took his position, whenever the 
 occasion demanded, with singular firmness and inde- 
 pendence. The key to' this is to be found in his love of 
 truth and justice, and in the promptings of a delicate 
 and enlightened conscience. Professor Pelham has 
 published little. I am not aware of anything but an 
 article in the Southern Quarterly Review for Septem- 
 ber, 1856, on Cicero de Officiis. And who that has read 
 it does not regret that he has not written more ! 
 This, of itself, is sufficient to prove that he is a master 
 of style, and thoroughly imbued with the true spirit 
 of classical literature. Since his retirement from the 
 College, he has become the Proprietor and Editor of 
 the Southern Guardian, a daily newspaper published 
 in the City of Columbia, and is now engaged in the 
 arduous labors of his exacting and responsible profes- 
 sion. To him the life was entirely new, and wholly 
 diverse from his previous pursuits ; but every enlight- 
 ened reader must perceive the ability with which he 
 conducts his paper, and the inviting classical aspect 
 which he not unfrequently gives to topics of current 
 discussion in the press of the country. 
 
 I turn to the proceedings of the Board of Trustees. 
 November 25, Hon. A. B. Longstreet was elected 
 President of the College. It was resolved that a 
 new arrangement of the departments of instruction 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 423 
 
 be adopted, with special reference to the convenience 
 and fitness of the President elect. The Board 
 assigned to the President, History, Political Philoso- 
 phy, Political Economy and Elocution. November 
 27, Charles S. Venable was elected to the Chair of 
 Mathematics; Joseph LeConte to the Chair of Chem- 
 istry, Mineralogy and Geology; John LeConte to the 
 Chair of Natural and Mechanical Philosophy; W. 
 J. Eivers to the Chair of Gree'k Literature; R. W. 
 Barn well to the Chair of Moral Philosophy, Sacred 
 Literature and Evidences of Christianity; J. L. Rey- 
 nolds to the Chair of Roman Literature, and M. 
 LaBorde to the Chair of Logic, Rhetoric, and Phi- 
 losophy of the Mind. Dr. LaBorde was requested by 
 the Board of Trustees to preside at Commencement, 
 confer the degrees, and deliver the usual Bacca- 
 laureate Address. After the Commencement, the 
 Faculty proceeded to the examination of applicants. 
 Fifty-five students were admitted, which, in addition 
 to the number already in College, made a total of 
 about 200 for the year 1858. The College was now 
 adjourned for the Christmas festivities. It was 
 restored to the confidence of the public ; the night 
 which had so long rested upon it had departed, and a 
 day full of brightness and splendor was bursting upon 
 it. The echoes of the thunder had died away, the 
 " elemental strife" had ceased, and a calm serenity 
 spread over the land. The future was again pro- 
 phetic of glory and honor; and how full of significance 
 that this occurred upon the advent of Christmas; 
 merry, joyous Christmas, when the heart is attuned 
 to gladness, and no sound is heard save the sound of 
 
424 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 "mirth and music, and the merry twinkling feet !" It 
 was the season of the great festival, when the best 
 and purest affections are brought into activity ; the 
 season of happy re-unions, when father and son, 
 mother and daughter, meet in love, and when the 
 world and its cares are made to give way to purer and 
 more hallowed thoughts, and are buried in forgetful- 
 ness. 
 
 And now, I may ask in conclusion, has the College 
 accomplished the great end for which it was established ? 
 Has it done its work in educating the people of Caro- 
 lina? There can be but one response to these ques- 
 tions. Every part of the State, and the Up-Country 
 particularly, has derived from it an amount of benefit 
 which cannot be estimated by dollars and cents. If 
 it be true, as I think it is, that South Carolina has 
 rivalled her most favored sisters in virtue, intelligence 
 and public spirit, much of it is due to her College. If 
 her Governors, her Senators and Representatives to 
 Congress, and her Judiciary, have shed a bright lustre 
 upon her name, the College will point to the larger 
 number of them as having been trained in her walls, 
 and thereby fitted for their high positions. I am 
 carried away by no blind enthusiasm when I say, that 
 South Carolina never could have been what she is, 
 without it. All honor to the men who conceived the 
 idea of a great State Institution, and gave it exis- 
 tence. But its benefits are not limited to South Caro- 
 lina alone. Her alumni are to be found throughout 
 the South- Western States, and no more is claimed for 
 them than they deserve when I add, that if they have 
 not founded new empires, they have contributed largely 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 425 
 
 to their glory and progress. The College has had suc- 
 cess ; it has dispensed " a complete and generous educa- 
 tion; that which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully 
 and magnanimously, all the offices, both private and 
 public, of peace and war." It has certainly realized to 
 as large an extent as could have been anticipated, the 
 wish expressed by the General Assembly, that it 
 would prevent " a resort to Colleges in other States," 
 and afford to the youth of the State the means of 
 education and literary impulsion within her own 
 borders. While all have cause to rejoice on account 
 of its past history and present condition, there may 
 be danger in great organic changes, or very serious 
 innovations upon its established order and polity. 
 It must be guarded alike against a too great exclusive- 
 ness on the one hand, and a too great popularization 
 on the other. The former evil might be produced by 
 a standard so exacting that few could come up to it, 
 and the latter by depressing it to a point which would 
 not secure even a respectable education. While it is 
 a popular institution, and designed for the greatest 
 good of the greatest number, it is at the same time to 
 be remembered, that though "it is open to all, all 
 should not go to it;" that, in the language of Cousin, 
 "it will do no good work for those who are not con- 
 scious of a lofty destination." I repeat, the College has 
 performed its mission, and there may be danger in radical 
 changes. No doubt we need a more varied culture; 
 such as is adapted to the specific wants of our people. 
 A good work has been done by our excellent Military 
 Schools, and the movement in reference to our Free 
 Schools under the lead of one of our most distinguished 
 
426 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 public men, may accomplish much in meeting the 
 general necessity. The College has given an impulse 
 to the whole community; its history has been one of 
 progress, and without painful anxiety it may repose 
 upon its past achievements. Let its Trustees be 
 cautious of ill-digested schemes and " theoretical plati- 
 tudes," and proud of her position among the other 
 similar institutions of the country, and not forgetting 
 the peculiar circumstances by which we are sur- 
 rounded, weigh well the matter whether a College 
 founded upon any other basis, and having a different 
 organization, would meet as well the wants of our 
 people, and achieve an equal measure of success. 
 
 My historical sketch is brought to a close. I have 
 endeavored to trace the College through evil report 
 and good report. It has survived all its shocks, and 
 now stands a proud monument of the wisdom and 
 patriotism of its founders. We are not called upon 
 to mourn over its departed glory; to walk with melan- 
 choly heart over grounds made desolate, where once 
 stood a majestic temple, with its towers and old ivied 
 turrets now, alas ! in ruins. No ! the temple still 
 remains in all its proud and beautiful proportions, 
 with its spires pointing to the skies; a striking em- 
 blem of those ennobling and elevating influences which 
 it imparts to all who in faith and humility submit 
 themselves to the teachings of its chosen ministers. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 SOCIETIES OF THE COLLEGE. 
 
 The first Society formed in the College was called the Philo- 
 mathic. This was sufficient for all the wants of the infant 
 Institution, but as the number of students increased, the policy of 
 dividing it into two became apparent, and accordingly in February, 
 1806, the Clariosophic and Euphradian Societies were organized. 
 The original Society held its meetings in the College Chapel, and 
 for several years after the separation, the two continued to assemble 
 at that place at different hours on Saturday. Dr. George W. Glenn, of 
 Newberry, who was admitted to the College January 14, 1805, and 
 who is now, I believe, the oldest surviving graduate, gives me the 
 following incident: James Lowry and Joseph Lowry, brothers, 
 were received into the College January 17, 1805. They were 
 poor, and their necessities compelled them to board in their 
 rooms. One of the brothers was appointed bell-ringer, and the 
 other librarian. The College had just opened, the public eye was 
 steadily directed to it, and the heroic efforts of these young men to 
 secure the advantages of a liberal education, excited the warmest 
 interest. Col. Taylor, Judges Trezevant, and Grimke, and others, 
 frequently visited them at their rooms with the view of testifying 
 their respect, and giving them encouragement; and the Judges, 
 upon their visits to Columbia, often invited them to dine with them 
 at Dr. Green's Hotel, their usual house 'of boarding. Nor were 
 they less esteemed by their fellow students. Their studious habits 
 and rare virtues commended them to all, and soon they reached a 
 position of commanding influence. They were selected by the 
 students to be the leaders in the scheme of dividing the Society, 
 and, to use Dr. Glenn's words, "were made captains." The 
 students were now assembled in the Campus, and the brothers 
 " threw up heads and tails for the first choice." In this way the 
 selection was made, and the roll of the Clariosophic and Euphradian 
 Societies determined. This was truly a fraternal parting, for there 
 is a tradition that in every case, brothers attached themselves to dif- 
 ferent Societies. The Chapel was the common place of meeting 
 until the year 1820, when, upon application to the Faculty, separate 
 rooms were granted them, the Clariosophic Society occupying the 
 large room above the Chapel, and the Euphradian Society occupy- 
 
428 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 ing the large room on the third floor of the centre building of 
 DeSaussure College. December 7, 1848, the Euphradian Society 
 moved to the Hall in the centre building of Harper College, on 
 which occasion an address was delivered by Dr. Thornwell, and, 
 February 10, 1849, the Clariosophic Society took possession of its 
 new hall in the center building of Legare College, when an address 
 was delivered by Dr. Henry. These halls are beautifully fitted up> 
 and are objects of great attraction to the public. I have presented 
 this brief account of the two Societies of the College, because in 
 estimating the facilities which are afforded here for a liberal educa- 
 tion, they are too important to be overlooked. The brotherly spirit 
 in which they originated has never been forgotten, and they present 
 the high example of a noble and generous rivalry. There can be 
 no doubt that they have accomplished a vast amount of good ; and 
 it has been an unmixed good. They have stimulated the mental 
 energies in a certain direction far more than is done in the Col- 
 legiate course of instruction ; and that without interfering in any 
 way with the proper demands made upon the students by the 
 Faculty. It is, perhaps, not saying too much too add, that in our edu- 
 cational system they are the nursery of eloquence, and that they gave 
 the first impulse to many of the distinguished men of Carolina, who 
 have added so much to her renown in the halls of the State and 
 National Legislatures. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 By the Act incorporating the College, passed in 1801, the Gov- 
 ernor, the Lieutenant-Gove'rnor, the President of the Senate, the 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Associate Judges, 
 and the Judges of the Court of Equity of the State of South Caro- 
 lina, were made ex-officio Trustees, and these, with thirteen per- 
 sons appointed by the Legislature, to continue in office for four 
 years, constituted the Board of Trustees. According to provisions 
 enacted, an election by joint ballot of both branches of the Legisla- 
 ture was made in 1805, and has been made every fourth year since, 
 of Trustees not ex-officio thirteen until 1825, and twenty after- 
 wards and vacancies occurring in the intervals have been filled by 
 the Board. 
 
 In 1824, a separate Court of Appeals was established, the term 
 Associate Judges was dropped, and that of Circuit Judges adopted 
 for the Judges of the Courts of Law, who were not members of the 
 Court of Appeals ; and the Judges of the Court of Equity were 
 denominated Chancellors. In 1825, it was enacted that the Board 
 shall consist of the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the State, 
 the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, the Judges of the Courts of Appeals, the Circuit Judges 
 of the Court of Law, and the Chancellors, ex officio ; together with 
 twenty other persons to be elected by joint ballot of the Senate 
 
APPENDIX. 429 
 
 and House of Representatives, to continue in office four years, 
 and until others shall be elected." In the changes of the Judiciary 
 system, made by the Acts of 1835 and 1836, the separate Court of 
 .Appeals was abolished, and all the Judges of the Superior Courts 
 of Law and Equity in the State were classed as Law Judges, or as 
 Chancellors, and were required to do circuit duty, and made mem- 
 bers of one or other of the two Courts of Appeals which the two 
 classes constitute for law and equity respectively, and also members 
 of the Court of Errors, which is composed of the whole of the 
 Judges assembled to hear appeals on certain questions. 
 
 By Act of 1853, the Chairman of the Committee on the College, 
 Education and Religion, of the Senate, and the Chairman of the 
 Committee on Education of the House of Representatives, were 
 made ex-officio members of the Board so that the whole number 
 of members which now belongs to a full Board is thirty-six. Nine 
 may constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business, except 
 the appointment of an officer; which can be done only at an annual 
 meeting, and when a majority of the Board are present. 
 
 The Governor is ex-ojftcio President of the Board ; in his absence 
 the Lieutenant Governor, President of the Senate, or Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives, in the order named; in absence of all these, 
 a President pro icin. 
 
 1801. Gov. John Drayton, Lieut. Gov. Richard Winn, President 
 of Senate John Ward, Speaker House of Representatives Theodore 
 Gaillard, Associate Judge John Faucheraud Grimke, Associate 
 Judge Elihu Hall Bay, Associate Judge Joseph Brevard, Associate 
 Judge William Johnson, Associate Judge Lewis Trezevant, Equity 
 Judge Hugh Rutledge, Equity Judge William Marshall, Equity 
 Judge William Dobein James, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Henry 
 William DeSaussure, Thomas Taylor Sr., D. E. Dunlap, John 
 Brown of Lancaster, Wade Hampton, Sr., John Chesnut, James 
 Burchell Richardson, Isaac Alexander, Henry Dana Ward, Samuel 
 Yongue, William Falconer, Barthe Smith. 
 
 1802. Gov. James Burchell Richardson, Lieut. Gov. Ezekiel 
 Pickens, President of Senate John Ward, Speaker House of Repre- 
 sentatives Robert Stark, John Taylor. 
 
 1803. President of Senate John Gailliard, Abram Nott. 
 
 1804. Gov. Paul Hamilton, Lt. Gov. Thomas Sumter, Jr., Presi- 
 dent of Senate John Ward, Speaker House of Representatives 
 William Cotesworth Pinckney, Associate Judge Thomas Lee, Asso- 
 ciate Judge William Johnson, Jonathan Maxcy. 
 
 1805. Gov. Paul Hamilton, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Sumter, Jr., 
 President of Senate Robert Barnwell, Speaker House of Represen- 
 tatives Joseph Alston, Associate Judge John Faucheraud Grimke, 
 Associate Judge Thomas Waties, Associate Judge Elihu Hall Bay, 
 Associate Judge Lewis Trezevant, Associate Judge Joseph Brevard, 
 Associate Judge Samuel Wilds, Associate Judge William John- 
 27 
 
430 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 son, Equity Judge Hugh Rutledge, Equity Judge Waddy Thomp- 
 son, Equity Judge William Dobein James, Thomas Taylor, Sr., 
 Abram Nott, Zachariah Cantey, William Smith, Robert Stark, 
 John Ward, Jonathan Maxcy, Richard Gantt, Henry Deas, David 
 R. Evans, Wade Hampton, Sr., Joseph Blythe. 
 
 1806. G-ov. Charles Pinckney, Lieut. Gov. John Hopkins, Presi- 
 dent of Senate William Smith, Speaker House of Representatives 
 Joseph Alston, John Taylor. 
 
 1808. Gov. John Drayton, Lieut. Gov. Frederick Nance, Presi- 
 dent of the Senate William Smith, President of Senate Samuel 
 Warren, Speaker House of Representatives Joseph Alston, Associate 
 Judge William Smith, Equity Judge H. Win. DeSaussure, Equity 
 Judge Theodore Gaillard. 
 
 1809. Gov. John Drayton, Lieut. Gov. Frederick Nance, Presi- 
 dent of Senate Samuel Warren, Speaker House of Representatives 
 Joseph Alston, Associate Judge John F. Grimke, Associate Judge 
 Elihu Hall Bay, Associate Judge Thomas Waties, Associate Judge 
 Joseph Brevard, Associate Judge Samuel Wilds, Associate Judge 
 William Smith, Equity Judge Hugh Rutledge, Equity Judge Wil- 
 liam Dobein James, Equity Judge Waddy Thompson, Equity Judge 
 Henry William DeSaussure, Equity Judge Theodore Gaillard, 
 David R. Evans, Joseph Gist, Robert Stark, John Caldwell Cal- 
 houn, Richard Gantt, John Taylor, John Smythe Richardson, 
 Abrani Nott, Benjamin Haile, John Murphy, James Ervin, John J. 
 Chappell, James B. Richardson. 
 
 1810. Gov. Henry Middleton, Lieut. Gov. Samuel Farron, 
 President of Senate Samuel Warren, Speaker House of Representa- 
 tives John Geddes, Judge Abrani Nott, James Hibben, Sr. 
 
 1811. Associate Judge Charles Jones Colcock. 
 
 1812. Gov. Joseph Alston, Lieut. Gov. Eldred Simkins, Presi- 
 dent of Senate Samuel Warren, Speaker House of Representatives 
 John Geddes, Henry Dana Ward, John M. Felder. 
 
 1813. Gov. J. Alston, Lt. Gov. E. Simkins, President of Senate J. 
 B. Richardson, President of Senate Savage Smith, Speaker House of 
 Representatives John Geddes, Associate Judge John F. Grimke, 
 Asssociate Judge Elihu Hall Bay, Associate Judge Joseph Brevard, 
 Associate Judge Abram Nott, Associate Judge Charles J. Colcock, 
 Associate Judge William Smith, Equity Judge William D. James, 
 Equity Judge Waddy Thompson, Equit}^ Judge Henry William 
 DeSaussure, Equity Judge Theodore Gaillard, Equity Judge 
 Thomas Waties, Joseph Gist, Richard Gantt, Walter Crenshaw, 
 Henry Dana Ward, Robert Stark, Jonathan Maxcy, Daniel Elliott 
 Huger, James Hibben, John Hooker, William Harper, John Cald- 
 well, John Murphy, James Ervin. 
 
 1814. Gov. David Roger Williams, Lieut. Gov. 
 President of Senate James R. Pringle, Speaker House of Repre- 
 sentatives Thomas Bennett. 
 
APPENDIX. 431 
 
 1815. Associate Judge Richard Gantt, Associate Judge David 
 Johnson, Abram Blanding. 
 
 1816. Gov. Andrew Pickens, Lieut. Gov. Cuthbert, As- 
 
 sociate Judge Langdon Cheves, President of Senate James R. 
 Pringle, Speaker House of Representatives Thomas Bennett, 
 Edward Fisher, William Edward Hayne. 
 
 1817. Gov. Andrew Pickens, J^ieut. Gov. Cuthbert, 
 
 President of Senate James R. Pringle, Speaker House of Repre- 
 sentatives Thomas Bennett, Associate Judge John F. Grimke, 
 Associate Judge Elihu Hall Bay, Associate Judge Charles Jones 
 Colcock, Associate Judge Abram Nott, Associate Judge Richard 
 Gantt, Associate Judge David Johnson, Associate Judge Langdon 
 Cheves, Equity Judge Henry William DeSaussure, Equity Judge 
 Theodore Gaillard, Equity Judge Thomas Waties, Equity Judge 
 William D. James, Equity Judge Waddy Thompson, Jonathan 
 Maxcy, William Harper, Abram Blanding, John Keitt, Jacob Bond 
 Ion, Francis Kinloch Huger, John Taylor, Warren Ransom Davis, 
 John Belton O'Neall, Robert Stark, Joseph Gist, David Roger 
 Williams, John G. Brown. 
 
 1818. Governor John Geddes, Lieut. Gov. William Youngblood, 
 President of Senate James R. Pringle, Speaker House of Repre- 
 sentatives Robert Yongue Hayne, Speaker House of Representatives 
 Patrick Noble, Associate Judge John S. Richardson, Josiah J. 
 Evans, William Edward Hayne, George McDuffie, Daniel Elliott 
 Huger. 
 
 1819. President of Senate Benjamin Huger. 
 
 1820. Gov. Thomas Bennett, Lieut. Gov. William Cotesworth 
 Pinckney, President of Senate Benjamin Huger, Speaker House of 
 Representatives Patrick Noble, Stephen Elliott. 
 
 1821. Gov. Thomas Bennett, Lieut. Gov. William Cotesworth 
 Pinckney, President of Senate Benjamin Huger, Speaker House of 
 Representatives Patrick Noble, Associate Judge Elihu Hall Bay, 
 Associate Judge Abrain Nott, Associate Judge Charles J. Colcock, 
 Associate Judge Richard Gantt, Associate Judge David Johnson, 
 Associate Judge John S. Richardson, Associate Judge Daniel E. 
 Huger, Equity Judge Henry William DeSaussure, Equity Judge 
 Theodore Gaillard, Equity Judge Thomas Waties, Equity Judge 
 William D. James, Equity Judge Waddy Thompson, Josiah J. 
 Evans, Jacob Bond Ion, James S. Deas, John Lide Wilson, Stephen 
 Elliott, Warren Ransom Davis, William Edward Hayne, John 
 Taylorf William A. Bull, Benjamin T. Elmore, James Gregg, 
 William Crafts, John Ramsay. 
 
 1822. Gov. John Lide Wilson, Lt. Gov. Henry Bradley, Presi- 
 dent of Senate Jacob Bond Ion, Speaker House of Representa- 
 tives Patrick Noble, John Belton O'Neall, William C. Preston, 
 William J. Grayson. 
 
 1824. Gov. Richard Irvine Manning, Lieut. Gov. William A. 
 
432 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Bull, President of Senate Jacob Bond Ion, Speaker House of 
 Representatives John Belton O'Neall. 
 
 1825. Gov. Richard Irvine Manning, Lieut. Gov. William A. 
 Bull, President of Senate Jacob Bond Ion, Speaker of House of 
 Representatives John Belton O'Neall, Judge Ct. Ap. Abram Nott, 
 Judge Ct. Ap. Charles J. Colcock, Judge Ct. of Ap. David Johnson, 
 Ch. Henry W. DeSaussure, Ch. Waddy Thompson, Circuit Law 
 Judge Elihu Hall Bay, Circuit Law Judge Theodore Gaillard, 
 Circuit Law Judge Richard Gantt, Circuit Law Judge Daniel 
 Elliott Huger, Circuit Law Judge Wm. D. James, Circuit Law 
 Judge John S. Richardson, Circuit Law Judge Thomas Waties, 
 Josiah J. Evans, David R. Williams, Stephen Elliott, William J. 
 Grayson, Stephen D. Miller, Baylis John Earle, Alfred Huger, 
 Franklin H. Elmore, William A. Bull, James S. Deas. 
 
 1826. Gov. John Taylor, Lieut. Gov. James Harvey Wither- 
 spoon, President Senate Jacob Bond Ion, Speaker House Repre- 
 sentatives John Belton O'Neall, Richard J. Manning, Wade Hamp- 
 ton, Jr. 
 
 1828. Gov. Stephen D. Miller, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Williams, 
 President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House Representatives Benj. 
 Fanuiel Dunkin, Chan. William Harper, Circuit Law Judge John 
 Belton O'Neall, Jacob Bond Ion, David Lewis Wardlaw. 
 
 1829. Gov. Stephen D. Miller, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Williams, 
 President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House Representatives 
 Benj. Fanuiel Dunkin, Judge Ct. Ap. Abram Nott, Judge Ct. Ap. 
 Charles J. Colcock, Judge Ct. Ap. David Johnson, Ch. Henry W. 
 DeSaussure, Ch. William Harper, Circuit Law Judge Elihu H. Bay, 
 Circuit Law Judge Richard Gantt, Circuit Law Judge Daniel Elliott 
 Huger, Circuit Law Judge John S. Richardson, Circuit Law Judge 
 John Belton O'Neall, Circuit Law Judge Josiah J. Evans, Jacob 
 Bond Ion, Richard J. Manning, David R. Williams, Stephen Elliott, 
 William J. Grayson, Baylis John Earle, Alfred Huger, Franklin 
 H. Elmore, Whitemarsli B. Seabrook, James S. Deas, William 
 Campbell Preston, Hugh Swinton Legare, Wade Hampton, Jr., 
 James Gregg, Thompson T. Player, David Lewis Wardlaw, Job 
 Johnston, David J.^McCord, Andrew Pickens Butler, Henry Laur- 
 ens Pinckney. 
 
 1830. Gov. James Hamilton, Lieut. Gov. Patrick Noble, 
 President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House Representatives 
 Henry L. Pinckney, Ch. Job Johnston, Circuit Law Judge William 
 D. Martin, Circuit Law Judge Baylis J. Earle, Waddy Thompson, 
 Philip Edward Pearson, Thomas Smith, Daniel E. Huger, Robert 
 B. Campbell. 
 
 1832. Gov. Robert Yongue Hayne, Lieut. Gov. Charles C. 
 Pinckney, President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House Represen- 
 tatives Patrick Noble, James Hamilton, Jr. 
 
 1833. Gov. Robert Yongue Hayne, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Wright, 
 
APPENDIX. 433 
 
 President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House Representatives 
 Patrick Noble, Judge Ct. Ap. David Johnson, Judge Ct. Ap. John 
 B. O'Neati, Judge Ct. Ap. William Harper, Ch. Henry William 
 DeSaussure, Ch. Job Johnston, Circuit Law Judge Elihu Hall Bay, 
 Circuit' La*w Judge Richard Gantt, Circuit Law Judge John S. 
 Richardson, Circuit Law Judge Josiah J. Evans, Circuit Law 
 Judge Baylis J. Earle, Circuit Law Judge Andrew P. Butler, 
 Franklin H. Elmore, James Gregg, Wade Hampton, Jr., Alfred 
 Huger, Daniel E. Huger, William Frederick Davie, Richard J. 
 Manning, David J. McCord, Thompson T. Player, Philip E. Pearson, 
 Whitemarsh B. Seabrook, Waddy Thompson, Jr., James Rose, 
 David Lewis Wardlaw, Pierce M. Butler, Thomas W. Glover, 
 Thomas Jefferson Withers, Edward Fisher, Sr., William Ford 
 DeSaussure, Christian P. Bookter. 
 
 1834. Gov. George McDuffie, Lieut. Gov. W. B. Seabrook, 
 President Senate Henry Deas, Speaker House of Representatives 
 Patrick Noble, James Hamilton, Jr., Robert Y. Hayne. 
 M835. James Louis Petigru, Robert W. Barnwell. 
 
 1836. Gov. Pierce M. Butler, Lieut. Gov. William Dubose, 
 President Senate Patrick Noble, Speaker House Representatives 
 David Lewis Wardlaw, Thomas Smith, Joseph Newton Whitner, 
 David H. Means, George McDuffie. 
 
 1837. Gov. Pierce M. Butler, Lieut. Gov. William Dubose, 
 President Senate Patrick Noble, Speaker House Representatives 
 David L. Wardlaw, Law Judge Richard Gantt, Law Judge John S. 
 Richardson, Law Judge John Belton O'Neall, Law Judge Josiah 
 J. Evans, Law Judge Baylis J. Earle, Law Judge Andrew P. But- 
 ler, Ch. David Johnson, Ch. William Harper, Ch. Job Johnston, 
 Ch. Benjamin F. Dunkin, Joseph E. Jenkins, James Gregg, Wade 
 Hampton, Jr., Christopher Gustavus Memminger, William F. Col- 
 cock, Abram Blanding, David J. McCord, Thompson T. Player, 
 James Hamilton, Jr., Robert Yongue Hayne, James Louis Petigru, 
 George McDuffie, Thomas J. Withers, Edward H. Anderson, Joseph 
 N. Whitner, Maximilian LaBorde, William Ford DeSaussure, Robt. 
 W. Barnwell, Thomas Smith, David H. Means. 
 
 1838. Gov. Patrick Noble, Lieut. Gov. B. K. Henagan, Presi- 
 dent Senate Patrick Noble, President Senate Angus Patterson, 
 Speaker House Representatives David L. Wardlaw. 
 
 1839. James Gillespie, Thomas N. Dawkins. 
 
 1840. Gov. John Peter Richardson, Lieut. Gov. W. K. Clowney, 
 James H. Hammond, Robert Francis Withers Allston. 
 
 1841. Gov. John Peter Richardson, Lieut. Gov. William K. Clow- 
 ney, President Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House Representa- 
 tives William F. Colcock, Judge J. S. Richardson, Judge John B. 
 O'Neall, Judge Josiah J. Evans, Judge Baylis J. Earle, Judge A. 
 Pickens Butler, Judge David Lewis Wardlaw, Ch. David Johnson, 
 
434 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Ch. William Harper, Ch. Job Johnston, Ch. Benjamin F. Dunkin, 
 James Gregg, Wade Hampton, Jr., George McDuffie, Christopher 
 G. Memminger, Thomas J. Withers, Joseph Newton Whitner, 
 Maximilian LaBorde, William Ford DeSaussure, Robert W. Barn- 
 well, Thomas N. Dawkins, Thomas Smith, James Gillespie, Eobert 
 F. W. Allston, James H. Hammond, Whitemarsh B. Seabrook, 
 Edmund Bellinger, Jr., Daniel E. Huger, William Me Willie, John 
 Lawrence Manning, James H. Adams. 
 
 1842. Gov. James H. Hammond, Lieut. Gov. Isaac Donnoin 
 Witherspoon, President Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House 
 Representatives William F. Colcock. 
 
 1843. Judge Edward Frost, Wm. Campbell Preston, Robt. Henry. 
 
 1844. Gov. William Aiken, Lieut. Gov. John F. Ervin, Presi- 
 dent Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House Representatives 
 William F. Colcock. 
 
 1845. Gov. William Aiken, Lieut. Gov. John F. Ervin, Presi- 
 dent Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House Representatives 
 William F. Colcock, Judge John S. Richardson, Judge John B. 
 O'Neall, Judge Josiah J. Evans, Judge A. Pickens Butler, Judge 
 David Lewis Wardlaw, Judge Edward Frost, Ch. David Johnson, 
 Ch. William Harper, Ch. Job Johnson, Ch. Benjamin F. Dunkin, 
 James Gregg, William Ford DeSaussure, Robert W. Barn well, 
 Thomas Smith, James Gillespie, Edmund Bellinger, Jr., W. B. 
 Seabrook, James H. Adams, Benjamin F. Perry, William F. Davie, 
 Wade Hampton, Christopher G. Memminger, Thomas J. Withers, 
 Joseph N. Whitner, Thomas N. Dawkins, John L. Manning, 
 Robert F. W. Allston, John Buchanan, Henry C. Young, Isaac 
 Donnom Witherspoon. 
 
 1846. Gov. David Johnson, Lieut. Gov. William Cain, Ch. 
 James J. Caldwell, Judge Thomas J. Withers. 
 
 1847. Francis Hugh Wardlaw, Ch. George Washington Dargan, 
 Robert Wilson Gibbes. 
 
 1848. Gov. Whitemarsh B. Seabrook, Lieut. Gov. William H. 
 Gist, President Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House Repre- 
 sentatives John Izard Middleton. 
 
 1849. Gov. Whitemarsh B. Seabrook, Lieut. Gov. William H. 
 Gist, President Senate Angus Patterson, Speaker House Repre- 
 sentatives John Izard Middleton, Judge John S. Richardson, Judge 
 John Belton O'Neall, Judge Josiah J. Evans, Judge David Lewis 
 Wardlaw, Judge Edward Frost, Judge Thomas J. Withers, Ch. Job 
 Johnston, Ch. Benjamin F. Dunkin, Ch. James J. Caldwell, Ch. 
 George W. Dargan, Thomas N. Dawkins, Robert W. Barnwell, 
 Robert F. W. Allston, John Buchanan, Joseph N. Whitner, Francis 
 Hugh Wardlaw, Benjamin F. Perry, William F. DeSaussure, 
 Christopher G. Memminger, John L. Manning, Isaac D. Wither- 
 spoon, Wade Hampton, Henry C. Young, James H. Adams, 
 
APPENDIX. 435 
 
 Edmund Bellinger, Jr., Thomas Smith, James Gillespie, James 
 Louis Petigru, John S. Preston, David Johnson. 
 
 1850. Gov. John Hugh Means, Lieut. Gov. Joshua John Ward, 
 President Senate Robert Francis Withers Allston, Speaker House 
 Representatives James Simons, Ch. Francis Hugh Wardlaw, Judge 
 Joseph Newton- Whitner, Robert Wilson Gibbes, John Izard 
 Middleton, Franklin J. Moses. 
 
 1851. William Campbell Preston. 
 
 1852. Gov. John Lawrence Manning, Lieut. Gov. J. H. Irby, 
 President Senate Robert F. W. Allston, Speaker House Representa- 
 tives James Simons. 
 
 1853. Gov. John L. Manning, Lieut. Gov. J. H. Irby, Presi- 
 dent Senate Robert F. W. Allston, Speaker House Representatives 
 James Simons, Ch. Com. Ed. Sen. J. F. Townsend, Ch. Com. Ed. 
 H. R. C. P. Sullivan, Judge John Belton O'Neall, Judge D. Lewis 
 Wardlaw, Judge Thomas J. Withers, Judge Joseph N. Whitner, 
 Judge Thomas W. Glover, Judge R. Munro, Ch. Job Johnston, 
 Ch. Benjamin F. Dunkin, Ch. George W. Dargan, Ch. Francis H. 
 Wardlaw, Thomas N. Dawkins, Benjamin F. Perry, John Izard 
 Middleton, John Hugh Means, James Chesnut, Jr., William F. 
 DeSaussure, Robert W. Barn well, John S. Preston, William C. 
 Preston, J. Donnom Witherspoon, C. G. Memminger, Thomas 
 Smith, James H. Adams, James Gillespie, David Johnson, John 
 Buchanan, Franklin J. Moses, Wade Hampton, Sr., James L. 
 Petigru, Robert W. Gibbes. 
 
 1854. Gov. James H. Adams, Lieut. Gov. Richard DeTreville. 
 
 1856. Gov. R. F. W. Allston, Lieut. Gov. G. Cannon, President 
 Senate James Chesnut Jr. 
 
 1857. Gov. R. F. W. Allston, Lieut. Gov. Gabriel Cannon, 
 President Senate James Chesnut Jr., Speaker House Representa- 
 tives James Simons, Ch. Com. Ed. Sen. J. F. Townsend, Ch. Com. 
 Ed. House Representatives C. P. Sullivan, Judge John Belton 
 O'Neall, Judge D. Lewis Wardlaw, Judge Thomas J. Withers, 
 Judge Joseph N. Whitner, Judge Thomas W. Glover, Judge R. 
 Munro, Ch. Job Johnson, Ch. B. F. Dunkin, Ch. George W. 
 Dargan, Ch. Francis H. Wardlaw, James H. Thorn well, John A. 
 Inglis, Thomas N. Dawkins, Benjamin F. Perry, J. Izard Middle- 
 ton, J. H. Means, W. F. DeSaussure, R. W. Barnwell, John S. 
 Preston, C. Gr. Memminger, Thomas C. Perrin, Merritt E. Carn, 
 Thomas Smith, John Buchanan, F. J. Moses, J. L. Petigru, John 
 L. Manning, Samuel McAlilley, James H. Adams, James Farrow. 
 
 1858. Gov. W. H. Gist, Lieut. Grov. M: E. Carn, President 
 Senate W. D. Porter, Ch. Com. Ed. Sen. James P. Carroll, Ch. 
 Com. Ed. House Representatives S. McGowan, R, F. W. Allston. 
 
 Secretaries of the Board of Trustees S. C. C. 1804, Benjamin 
 Haile; 1805, Clement Early; 1806, James Guignard, (declined to 
 accept;) 1806, Anderson Crenshaw; 1808, Walter Crenshaw; 1813, 
 
436 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 J. J. Goodwyn; 1813, William F. DeSaussure; 1826, Ezek H. 
 Maxcy; 1834, Edward W. Johnston; 1836, Alester Garden; 1843, 
 Jaines D. Blanding; 1854, L. L. Fraser. 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 Jonathan Maxcy, . . 
 
 B. Lett., Crit. & MetJ 1804 
 
 1820 
 
 
 Thomas Cooper, . . 
 
 Chem., Min. & Geol.i 1820 
 
 
 Pro tern. 
 
 Thomas Cooper, . . 
 
 " " u 
 
 1821 I 1834 
 
 
 Robert Henry, . . . 
 
 Mor. Philos. & Met. 
 
 1834 
 
 
 Pro tern. 
 
 Robert W. Barnwell, 
 
 u u u 
 
 1835 
 
 1841 
 
 
 Robert Henry, . . . 
 
 u u u 
 
 1842 
 
 1845 
 
 
 William C. Preston, 
 
 Belles Let. & Crit. 
 
 1845 
 
 1851 
 
 
 James H. Thornwell, . Sac. Lit. & Ev. Chris. 
 
 1851 
 
 1855 
 
 
 Charles F. McCay, . Mathematics. 
 
 1855 
 
 1857 
 
 
 A. B. Longstreet, . . 
 
 His. Pol. Phi. & B. L. 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 PROFESSORS. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 ELEC. 
 
 EXIT. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Enoch Hanford, . . 
 
 Languages, 
 
 1804 
 
 1806 
 
 
 Clement Early, . . 
 
 u 
 
 1805 
 
 1805 
 
 
 Elisha Hammond, . . 
 
 u 
 
 1805 
 
 1806 
 
 
 Thomas Park, , . . 
 
 " 
 
 1806 
 
 1835 
 
 
 Paul H. Perrault, . 
 
 French Language, 
 
 1806 
 
 
 
 Paul H. Perrault, . . 
 
 Math, and Nat. Phi., 
 
 1807 1811 
 
 
 John Brown, . . . 
 
 Logic and Moral Phi., 
 
 1809 
 
 1811 
 
 
 Charles Dewar Simons, 
 
 Chemistry, 
 
 1811 
 
 1812 
 
 
 Benj. R. Montgomery, 
 
 Logic and Moral Phi., 
 
 1811 
 
 1818 
 
 
 George Blackburn, . 
 
 Math. & Astronomy, 
 
 1811 
 
 1815 
 
 
 Edward Darrill Smith, 
 
 Chem. and Nat. Phi., 
 
 1812 
 
 1819 
 
 
 Christian Hanckel, . 
 
 Mathematics, 
 
 1815 
 
 1820 
 
 
 Robert Henry, . . 
 
 Moral Phi. & Logic, 
 
 1818 
 
 
 Elected Pres. 1842. 
 
 Thomas Cooper, . . 
 
 Chemistry, 
 
 1819 
 
 
 Elected Pres. 1820. 
 
 James Wallace, . . 
 
 Mathematics, 
 
 1820 
 
 
 Pro tern. 
 
 James Wallace, . . . 
 
 u 
 
 1821 
 
 1834 
 
 
 Lardner Vanuxem, . 
 
 Geology & Miner'gy., 
 
 1821 
 
 1827 
 
 
 Henry Junius Nott, . 
 
 Logic, E. Crt. & P. L. 
 
 1824 
 
 
 
 Robert W. Gibbes, . 
 
 Chemistry, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 Adjunct Prof. 
 
 Thomas Cooper, . . 
 
 Chem. & Mineralogy, 
 
 1834 
 
 
 
 Robert W. Gibbes, . 
 
 u u 
 
 1834 
 
 1835 
 
 Pro tern. 
 
 Lewis R. Gibbes, . . 
 
 Mathematics, 
 
 1834 
 
 1835 
 
 u u 
 
 Henry J. Nott, . . 
 
 Logic & Belles Let., 
 
 1834 
 
 1837 
 
 
 William H. Ellet, . 
 
 Chemistry, 
 
 1835 
 
 1848 
 
 
 Francis Lieber, . . . 
 
 History &Pol.Econ., 
 
 1835 
 
 1856 
 
 4___ - 
 
 I. W. Stuart, . . . 
 
 Greek & Roman Lit., 
 
 1S35 
 
 1839 
 
 
 Thomas S. Twiss, . 
 
 Mathematics, 
 
 1835 
 
 1846 
 
 * 
 
 William Capers, . . 
 
 Sacred Literature, 
 
 1835 
 
 
 Accepted temp'rily. 
 
 Thomas Park, . . 
 
 Greek & Roman Lit., 
 
 1835 
 
 
 Adjunct Professor. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 437 
 
 PROFESSORS CONTINUED. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 ELEC. 
 
 EXIT. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Stephen Elliott, . . 
 
 Sacred Literature, 
 
 1835 
 
 1840 
 
 
 James H. Thornwell, . 
 
 Logic & Belles Let., 
 
 1837 
 
 1840 
 
 
 William Hooper, . . 
 
 Greek & Roman Lit., 
 
 1839 
 
 1846 
 
 
 James H. Thornwell, 
 
 Sac.Lit. &Ev. Chris., 
 
 1840 
 
 
 Elected Pres. 1851. 
 
 Maximilian LaBorde, 
 
 Logic & Belles Let., 
 
 1842 
 
 
 
 Robert Henry, . . . 
 
 Greek Literature, 
 
 1845 
 
 1856 
 
 
 Matthew J. Williams, . 
 
 Math. & Median. Phi. 
 
 1846 
 
 1853 
 
 
 Charles P. Pelham, . 
 
 Roman Literature, 
 
 1846 
 
 1857 
 
 
 Richard T. Brumby, . 
 
 Chem., Miner., Geol., 
 
 1848 
 
 1856 
 
 
 J. L. Reynolds, . . 
 
 Belles Let. & Elocu., 
 
 1851 
 
 
 
 Charles F. McCay, 
 
 Math. & Mech. Phi., 
 
 1853 
 
 
 Elected Pres. 1855. 
 
 James L. Reynolds, . 
 
 Sac. Lit. &Ev. Chris., 
 
 1855 
 
 
 
 John LeConte, . . 
 
 Nat. & Mech. Phi., 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 William J. Rivers, 
 
 Greek Literature, 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 Joseph LeConte, . . 
 
 Chem. & Geology, 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 R. W. Barnwell, jr., . 
 
 History & Pol. Econ., 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 Charles S. Venable. . 
 
 Math. & Astronomy, 
 
 1857 
 
 
 
 TUTORS. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 ELEC. 
 
 EXIT. 
 
 Edward Hooker, . ... 
 Nicholas Herbemont, 
 James Gregg, 
 Phillips, .... 
 
 Mathematics, 
 Fr'h. Language, 
 Mathematics, 
 Languages, 
 Mathematics, 
 
 1807 
 1807 
 1808 
 1811 
 1813 
 
 1808 
 1818 
 1812 
 
 Christian Hanckel, 
 James Camak, . . 
 Hugh McMillan, . 
 Timothy D. Porter, .... 
 William K. Clowney, 
 
 
 
 Languages, 
 Mathematics, 
 Languages, 
 
 1815 
 1817 
 1818 
 1819 
 1820 
 1823 
 
 1818 
 1820 
 1823 
 1824 
 
 1827 
 
 Jarnes Divver, .... 
 John R. Davis, .... 
 Isaac W. Hayne, 
 Lewis R. Gibbes, .... 
 James W. Wilkinson, . 
 William Blanding, .... 
 Charles K. Johnston, 
 George E. Hawes, .... 
 Charles P. Pelham, 
 R. W.Denton, 
 
 Mathematics, 
 Classics, 
 Mathematics, 
 
 Classics, 
 Mathematics, 
 Classics, 
 Mathematics, 
 
 Classics, 
 u 
 
 1824 
 
 1827 
 1827 
 1831 
 1835 
 1835 
 1836 
 1838 
 1840 
 1844 
 
 1827 
 1830 
 1831 
 1834 
 1836 
 1837 
 1839 
 
 1843 
 
 NOTE. Tutors were elected by the Board previous to 1834, and subsequent 
 to that date by the Faculty. 
 
438 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 TREASURERS AND LIBRARIANS. 
 
 1805, Enoch Handford, Treasurer; 1805, Elisha Hammond, 
 Librarian; 1806, Thomas Park, Treasurer; 1800, Joseph Lowry, 
 Librarian; 1808, Thomas Park, Librarian; 1823, James Divver, 
 Treasurer and Librarian; 1824, Joseph A. Black, Treasurer and 
 Librarian; 1829, M. Michaelowitz, Librarian; 1829, Ezek H. 
 Maxcy, Treasurer; 1834, Thomas Park, Librarian; 1836, Elias 
 Hall, Librarian; 1839, Thomas Park, Treasurer and Librarian; 
 1844, Henry C. Davis, Librarian; 1844, Thomas E. Peck, Treas- 
 urer; 1845, G. W. Landrum, Treasurer; 1847, A. D. Goodwyn, 
 Treasurer; 1848, John S. Green, Treasurer; 1848, F. W. McMaster, 
 Librarian; 1850, F. W. McMaster, Librarian, 1856, B. W. Means, 
 Librarian. 
 
 The following explanation is believed to be necessary. It would 
 be a great mistake to suppose that the instruction of the several 
 members of the Faculty was restricted to the departments assigned 
 them in the preceding schedule. I have given the department to 
 which the officer was elected. In many cases a department was seri- 
 ously modified, and in some an officer transferred to a different one 
 altogether. The most important of these changes will be given : Dr. 
 Cooper, in addition to his instruction in Chemistry, was also teacher 
 of Political Economy; Professor Nott had a portion of the instruction 
 in Latin; Dr. Henry, when President, had devolved upon him the 
 instruction of the Senior Class in Greek, in addition to Moral Phi- 
 losophy and Metaphysics; President Barn well had committed to 
 him the teaching in Metaphysics, but upon the election of Professor 
 Thornweil it was transferred to him, and Mr. Barnwell added to his 
 department, International Law; and Professor Thornweil, though 
 elected to the Belles Lettres Chair, soon vacated it, and for the greater 
 part of his term as Professor, was successively the Teacher of Meta- 
 physics, and Sacred Literature and Evidences. I will add that, 
 when in 1845 Mr. Preston was called to the Presidency, the depart- 
 ment of Belles Lettres was assigned him, and Professor LaBorde 
 took charge of Metaphysics. Professors Reynolds, Barnwell and 
 Pelham were transferred respectively to the departments of Roman 
 Literature, the Evidences, and History, in 1857. 
 
 ALUMNI. 
 
 1806. Anderson Crenshaw. 
 
 1807. John Caldwell, Walter Crenshaw, George W. Glen, John 
 Wesley Harper. 
 
 1808. William Brantly, John N. Davis, Charles M. Dewit, 
 William J. Dubose, Josiah J. Evans, Ivy Finch, James Gaillard, 
 John Gill, James T. Goodwyn, James R. Gregg, Anthony W. 
 Hampton, William Harper, William Jones, James Lowry, Joseph 
 Lowry, John Mayrant, John K. Mclver, John Evander Mclver, 
 
APPENDIX. 439 
 
 William H. McKenzie, Stephen D. Miller, Thomas Mills, John 
 Murphy, Thomas Palmer, Thomas W. llobertson, Isaac Smith, 
 Charles Stephens, Charles Strong, Henry P. Taylor, Nathaniel A. 
 Ware, William R. Waring, Benjamin II. Waring. 
 
 1809. Alexander Bowie, George Butler, Robert Blair Campbell, 
 George Davis, James Truman Dent, Elias Dubose, Thomas Dupont, 
 Thomas Gaillard, Robert Gill, William John Grayson, Richard 
 Hutson, John Wilson Lide, Curtis Clifton Patrick, James Louis 
 Petigru, Billington M. Sanders, John Shaw, William Taylor, 
 Benjamin Franklin Whitner. 
 
 1810. James Bradley, William A. Bull, William Butler, Warren 
 R. Davis, James Dillet, Samuel G. Earle, Benjamin T. Elmore, 
 James Frurson, William Gill, John R. Golding, Elias Gregg, 
 Robert A. Gregg, Job Johnston, William. Lowry, John B. Muldrow, 
 Christopher B. Pegues, Joseph Pyatt, John Pyatt, Charles A. 
 Saxon, Joseph Vann Shanklin, Wyatt Starke, Daniel Tillinghast, 
 William C. Wade, John Waties, George Witherspoon. 
 
 1811. William Arthur, John Bell, John F. Brevard, John G. 
 Brown, John Buchanan, John Carter, David Cuttino, Henry Davis, 
 Jeptha Dyson, Baylis J. Earle, John Futhey, Simon Peter Gray, 
 Burr Johnston, Samuel B. Lewers, Richard Irvine Manning, Charles 
 Mayrant, William Mayrant, William Marshall, John B. McCall, 
 John R. McMillan, John Scott, Thomas Smith, Robert A. Taylor, 
 James R. Verdier, James D. Zimmerman. 
 
 1812. Robert Adams, Nimrod E. Benson, Alfred Brevard, 
 Whitfield Brooks, William Cain, James Campbell, Thomas Cahusac, 
 Charles D. Connor, Henry Connor, Willis Crenshaw, William H. 
 Fleming, Richard Footman, Jesse H. Goodwyn, Robert H. Good- 
 wyn, Hardy Herbert, William Johnson, John Ward McCall, 
 Russel P. McCord, Albert J. McGinney, Samuel McMillan, 
 James Masscy, Charles C. Mayson, Arthur Harper O'Hara, John 
 Belton O'Neall, Benjamin Franklin Pepon, Henry Laurens Pinck- 
 ney, William Campbell Preston, John Reid, Ebenezer Thayer, John 
 L. Thompson, George Trescot, John Waring, Thomas Waties, 
 Beaufort T. Watts. 
 
 1813. Robert Anderson, Samuel G. Barkley, Christian P. Book- 
 ter, Robert Bradley, John G. Creagh, Joseph Fickling, Matthew 
 Fleming, James Gillespie, Andrew R. Govan, James W. Gray, 
 Francis B. Higgins, Robert W. James, Josiah Kilgore, Thomas 
 Lang, John Miles Lee, George McDuffie, David Harper Means, 
 Robert Means, Robert R. Nance, Francis Peyre, Jesse Pope, Joseph 
 J. Pope, James Rodgers, James H. Taylor, Daniel H. Trezevant, 
 William Vernon, William B. Whitaker, Thomas Willison, James 
 E. Wilson, Roger M. Wilson, John Wilson, Robert M. Wilson, 
 Francis Withers. 
 
 1814. Hugh L. Allison, Stobo Bedon, Frederick S. Belser, 
 Symnies Bonneau, John Boykin, Samuel Boykin, Edward Breed, 
 
440 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 William A. Brickell, James Camac, Alexander Campbell, George 
 Chisolm, Robert T. Chisolm, Daniel Dupre, John D. Edwards, 
 Frederick G. Eraser, John Gaillard, Samuel R. Gibson, Robert B. 
 Gilchrist, James Haig, John Lingard Hunter, Charles Huggins, 
 William L. Kirkland, Hugh Swinton Legare, Thomas Legare, 
 John McComb, David R. Williams Mclver, William A. Marshall, 
 Robert Anderson Maxwell, Ramsay Mayson, Samuel J. Murray, 
 Henry Junius Nott, Michael O'Brien, John M. Partridge, Philip 
 Porcher, Henry Ravenel, Charles R. Thomson, Waddy Thompson, 
 Henry Trescot, John L. Wallace, Daniel James Waring, Joshua Ward, 
 William Weston, John W. Whitaker, John White, Richard White. 
 
 1815. Robert L. Armstrong, William F. Baker, William R. 
 Bay, Paulus J. Bell, Henry Boylston, Wesley Brannon, Nathaniel 
 R. Eaves, Enoch J. Evans, A. J. B. S. Everitt, John Farley, 
 Pattillo Farrow, Edwin Gaillard, Thomas S. Gaillard, John Gayle, 
 Elijah Gibert, William H. Inglesby, William H. James, James S. 
 Johnson, Maurice Harvey Lance, William F. Lee, Thomas Living- 
 ston, John D. McGrill, Ezek H. Maxcy, William H. McCalla, John 
 L. McCullough, William N. McDonald, Albert A. Muller, Edmund 
 B. C. Park, John M. Pegues, Ezekiel Pickens, Orlando S. Rees, 
 Thomas E. Screven, John A. P. Scott, Thomas Young Simons, 
 William Skirving Smith, James Simon Taylor, Fountain S. Winston. 
 
 1816. Wade L. Anderson, Samuel Gaillard Barker, Joseph 
 Vallance Bevan, John W. Bird, John F. Blake, Edward C. Bre- 
 vard, Arthur Buist, David J. Campbell, William S. Campbell, 
 Mitchell R. Cook, Henry Deas, Thomas Odingsell Elliott, James 
 Faris, Patrick H. Faulker, George E. Ford, Simpson Foster, Henry 
 A. Gibbes, Samuel Gourdin, Theodore Gourdin, James Hibben, 
 Lewis B. Holloway, James Henderson Irby, Edward D. C. Jenkins, 
 Charles J. McDonald, John J. Mauger, Richard F. Simpson, John 
 Peyre Thomas, Thomas Walter Thomas, David Lewis Wardlaw, 
 John Nicholas Williams, William S. Wilson. 
 
 1817. Archibald C. Baynard, William C. Blassingham, Andrew 
 Pickens Butler, John C. Carter, James J. Caldwell, Henry Chiles, 
 James W. Dinkins, Robert Dunlap, Isaac M. Dwight, John H. 
 Farnandis, Charles Fishburne, Richard A. Gantt, James Geddes, 
 Thomas Worth Glover, Robert L. Green, James Gadsden Holmes, 
 John B. Laurens, William J. McKerrall, John Mayrant, Duncan 
 McDonald, Alexander R. Markland Mclver, Gavin McMillan, 
 William McWillie, John Miller, James P. Screven, Thomas W. 
 Taylor, Hiram B. Troutman, William T. Waties. 
 
 1818. Cornelius Rain Ashley, Samuel A. Bailey, Thomas Bailey, 
 George Douglass Blair, Richard P. Creach, William J. Connors, 
 Lucius Cuthbert, Frederick William Davie, James C. Doby, John 
 Doby, George Washington Dunlap, Samuel F. Dunlap, Robert Elfe, 
 Henry W. Grimke, John Stobo James, Josiah J. Kilpatrick, 
 John LaBorde, William Lee, Eli H. Lide, Robert P. Lide, 
 
APPENDIX. 441 
 
 Alexander Lowry, Thomas Lowry, James Butler Mays, Spencer J. 
 McMorris, John T. Mills, Edward Phillips, Anthony Bonneau 
 Shackleford, William Stevens Smith, William H. Snipes, Samuel 
 M. Stafford, Sumter Taylor, Francis Hugh Wardlaw, Joseph Newton 
 Whitner, Samuel M. Williamson, Reuben C. Worthington. 
 
 1819. Henry Campbell, John Campbell, Ulric B. Clark, William 
 R. Clowney, Charles Jones Colcock, Mark Anthony Cooper, John 
 M. Deas, Franklin H. Elmore, James A Fleming, Benjamin Green, 
 Samuel M. Green, Ezra M. Gregg, James A Groves, John S. 
 Groves, John M. Harris, Samuel J. Hoey, Benjamin F. Linton, 
 Thomas Jefferson Means, Gustavus Christopher Memminger, Henry 
 G. Nixon, John A. L. Norman, Edward G. Palmer, James S. 
 Pope, William Porcher, John M. Ross, Napoleon Bonaparte Scriven, 
 Samuel P. Simpson, Joseph Stark Sims, James E. Smith, Thomas 
 House Taylor, William H. Taylor, Edward Thomas. 
 
 1820. Spencer M. Bobo, Robert A. Brevard, Patrick Calhoun 
 Caldwell, Solomon Cohen, Jr., Charles A. Edwards, James A. Formis, 
 Thomas Jefferson Goodwyn, Isaac Hadden, Francis Marion James, 
 Paul Trappier Keith, Dixon H. Lewis, Wiley J. Matthews, James 
 Robert Marsh, William M. McElveen, Jonathan Maxcy, Jr., Wil- 
 liam T. Nuckolls, Cotesworth Pinckney, William P. Sterrett, John 
 C. Taylor, James Terry, Samuel R. Watson, Samuel B. Wilkins, 
 Samuel D. Williams, Alexander Williams, Matthew Williams, John 
 R. Wilson, John Benoni Witherspoon, Richard Yeadon. 
 
 1821. Amzi Alexander, Robert T. Allison, James M. Beckett, 
 Robert J. Brownfield,Lawson Clinton, George Washington Dargan, 
 Elias Horry Deas, B. H. Fleming, John D. Frost, Thomas W. 
 Hutson, Edmund Irvine, James B. Jeffries, Maximilian LaBorde, 
 John C. McGehee, Mijainin S. McWhorter, Basil Manly, John D. 
 Nance, John W. Paul, Joseph Pou, John Presley, D. Evander 
 Reid, William E. Richardson, John M. Rodgers, James M. Sims, 
 Eldred Sirnkins, Jr., Paul A. Williams, John Perkins Zimmerman. 
 
 1822. William J. Allston, Edmund B. Bacon, William C. 
 Beatty, Charles L. Boyd, Alfred Bynum, Michael W. Christman, 
 William C. Clifton, James J. Cole, Edward D. Edwards, Francis J. 
 Felder, Peter W. Frazer, William J. Grant, T. Joseph Lee, Evan 
 J. Lide, George William Logan, John S. Palmer, Amasa F. Park, 
 George C. Player, Thomson Trezevant Player, William R. T. 
 B. Prior, Francis Yongue Simmons, William J. Wilson, Archibald 
 Young. 
 
 1823. George Buist, William F. Colcock, Ebenezer Cooper, 
 John R. Davis, Charles Glover, James W. Hudson, Franklin Israel 
 Moses, Robert H. Spencer. 
 
 1824 Carnot Bellinger, Theodore W. Brevard, Richard T. 
 Brumby, James Martin Calhoun, Charles R. Carroll, Lynch Horry 
 Deas, James Divver, Willis Foster, John W. Geiger, James Jones, 
 Thomas B. Lee, Edward Means, Thomas Potts Miller, Josiah C. 
 
442 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Nott, Jesse C. Patrick, James J. Potts, James E. Reese, Isaac II. 
 Smith, Arthur S. Starr. 
 
 1825 William Aiken, William W. H. Charles, John D. Coalter, 
 Thomas N. Dawkins. John M. DeSaussure, Louis M. DeSaussure, 
 David St. Pierre Dubose, Thomas II. Edwards, Stephen Elliott, Jr., 
 Daniel F. Faust, David Files, Jr., Charles Freer, John Gist, James 
 H. Hammond, Horace C. Hawes, Daniel E. Huger, Jr.,Randell Hunt, 
 Robert James, Francis B. Johnson, Sherrod W. Kennerly, John 
 Leland Kennedy, John Kinsler, James F. Leckie, Samuel Watts 
 Lesly, Edward C. Mortimer, Robert Munford, S. Etting Myers, 
 James Pope, T. Loughton S. Ramsay, Theodore Starke, Beaufort A. 
 Wallace, Thomas Jefferson Withers, John A. Wragg. 
 
 1826. Edmund Bellinger, Jr., John Charles, William Clarkson, 
 Artemas T. Darby, Timothy J. Keith Dargan, Elias D. Earle, 
 Alexander L. Edwards, William H. Ellison, Albert G. Goodwyn, 
 Silas H. Killer, Daniel S. Henderson, Henry W. Billiard, William 
 Lowndes, John G. Marshall, Samuel Warren Mays, Thomas Sumter 
 Mays, Alexander H. Mazyck, Samuel J. Palmer, Thomas Chiles 
 Perrin, William Pinckney, John A. Pouncy, Robert G. Quarles, 
 William H. B. Richardson, J. G. Schwartz, William J. Taylor, 
 Thomas B. Tompkins, Benjamin C. Webb, Thomas B. Woodward. 
 
 1827. Alexander L. Baron, William Sidney Burgess, W. R. 
 Cannon, W. W. Capers, Francis B. Fishbume, Daniel R. Gregg, 
 J. A. Mobley, George G. Perrin, John Schnierlie, James R. Ware, 
 Allston F. White, W. T. Wragg, James Alexander Young. 
 
 1828. Joseph Addison Black, William C. Black, Edward B. 
 Brown, Joseph N. Chapman, John C. Faber, Henry Foster, John 
 Gough, William Hemmingway, Pearsall Johnson, John A. Law, 
 Gabriel Manigault, John McCreary, Hiram McKnight, Hugh 
 McMillan, Willard Richardson, Robert H. Speers. Nicholas Summer, 
 Thomas F. Taylor, George Washington Williams, John J. Woodward. 
 
 1829. John A. Allston, John G. Boone, W r illiam J. Boone, 
 William B. Crawford, Randal Croft, George L. A. Davis, John A. 
 Elmore, John B.Floyd, Lewis R. Gibb.es, Joseph E. Glover, George 
 Haig, William J. Hard, Peter H. loor, McMillan C. King, William 
 J. Norris, James E. Nott, William R. Patton, James W. Pierce, 
 Solomon S. Pope, Charles A. Poelnitz, William G. Ramsay, Benja- 
 min H. Rice, Robert Rogers, Micah Jenkins Roper, John C. 
 Rowe, David J. Rumph, Lewis R. Sams, Charles Stokes. 
 
 1830.-^Richard Stobo Bedon, Eustace St. Pierre Bellinger, 
 James Black, Lemuel Boozer, Andrew W. Burnett, James G. 
 Bythewood, Thomas Centre, Robert M. Cherry, John Douglass, 
 Julius J. Dubose, Martin R. Dudley, Alister Garden, Henry Gibbes, 
 Benjamin Harrison, John P. Jarmon, Benjamin F. Johnston, 
 Samuel MeDowal, Jacob B. McMichael, Dennis H. Mays, John A. 
 Mills, William N. Park, Lewis Jefferson Patterson, Julius C. 
 Poelnitz, Benjamin C. Presstman, John Preston, Maynard D. 
 
APPENDIX. 443 
 
 Richardson, Donald Rowe, William S. Rowe, Miles B. Sams, 
 Whitefoord Smith, Michael G. Spann, Thomas Stark, John Dargan 
 Strother, Alexander -R. Taylor, James Taylor, James D. Tradewell, 
 James M. Walker. 
 
 1831. Robert Anderson, Samuel Russell Black, James W. 
 Blakeney, William Boykin, Thomas C. Cannon, Merrit E. Oarn, 
 Alexander R. Ellerbe, Samuel Einanuel, Thomas J. Fair, Robert J. 
 (rage, Samuel W. Gibbes, Richard S. Gladney, Robert M. Gourdin, 
 William R. Hagood, James Thomas Harrison, William M. Hutson, 
 J. Madison Johnston, John M. Kirk, John C. Kilpatrick, William 
 Latta, Elias C. Leitner, Thomas M. Lyles, George G. McBride, 
 Donald McQueen, Andrew G. McGrath, Henry W. Manigault, 
 Charles W. Miller, Claudean Bird Northrop, Isaac Porcher, Wil- 
 liam Mazyck Porcher, John T. Sloan, James A. Strobhart, Henry 
 Summer, James H. Thornwell, James N. Toney, Andrew P. 
 Venson, Jabez R. Wescoat, James Harvey Witherspoon. 
 
 1832. James R. Aiken, W. M. Armstrong, C. Richard Furman 
 Baker, Hardy C. Canant, J. P. Cole, Thomas Priestly Cooper, E. P. 
 Cosnahan, Peter James Couturier, William Currell, Samuel Donelly, 
 Thomas C. Dupont, Erasmus Powe Ellerbe, S. J. Ervin, Walter 
 Fernandis, James M. Gage, John Lewis Gervais, William Henry 
 Harrison, Philip C. Kirk, Joseph W. Lesesne, James Lewis Lesly, 
 Joseph Lyons, E. McCullock, Thomas Reese McFaddin, John Hugh 
 Means, Nelson Mitchell, William F. Percival, Peter C. Porcher, 
 Henry W. Ravenel, James Marion Sims, Jacob W. Strobhart, 
 Washington Toney, Samuel Wilds Trotti, George McC. Witherspoon. 
 
 1833. Thomas L. Barnett, Robert L. Burns, John Threewits 
 Chappell, Langdon Cheves, David Camden DeLeon, John English, 
 Peter Gourdin, James G. Hall, Laurent D. Hallonquist, James 
 Hamilton, Elisha Hamblin, Charles C. Hay, Benjamin Rush Jones, 
 Christopher Jones, J. W. Jones, Robert Kilpatrick, Benjamin 
 Franklin Massey, George Leonidas Massey, Hugh R. Miller, John 
 B. Morton, Henry Alston Owens, Josiah Patterson, Adolphus 
 Edward Pearson, Alfred Raoul, John W. Rice, Napoleon Gustavus 
 Rich, John C. Robinson, James Simons, Thomas B. Taylor, Benj. 
 F. Trapier, James H. Trapier, Joseph James Wardlaw, John 
 Watson, Greorge Washington Westcoat, Benjamin F. Williamson, 
 George L. Williamson, Boykin Witherspoon. 
 
 1834. James S. Alston, James Noble Baskin, Milledge Luke 
 Bonham, William F. Daniel, John Chesnut Deas, Samuel M. Earle, 
 Elisha Young Fair, Peter C. Gaillard, Sanders Lestergette Glover, 
 Robert Laroche Heriot, Benjamin R. Jenkins, John S. Marion, 
 William E. Martin, James Patterson, Benjamin Franklin Reid, 
 James S. Reid, Thomas Jefferson Seibles, Charles Pinckney 
 Sullivan, John Summer, J. Theus Taylor, John Wallace, Benjamin 
 Wilkinson. 
 
 1835. William Blanding, John Henry Boatwright, Gustavus 
 
444 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Adolphus Cain, Daniel J. C. Cain, Mathias Clarke, Thomas Baker 
 Haynesworth, W. S. Jenkins, David Johnson, Charles Kershaw, 
 Edward Mariigault. 
 
 1836. James T. Baskins, Levi S. -Bowers, Benjamin Rush 
 Campbell, Isaac Foreman, George M. Gunnels, Elias Hall, Wade 
 Hampton, Jr., Shields L. Hussey, Jacob Pearson, John Jacob 
 Seibles, Arthur Simkins. 
 
 1837. George A. Addison, George M. Bates, James L. Baxtrom, 
 James J. Boyd, Campbell Robert Bryce, Benjamin Franklin 
 Buckner, Simeon J. Chapman, Iley Coleman, Abram D. Cleckley, 
 Jonathan R. Davis, Edwin H. DeLeon, Benjamin Elliott, John N. 
 Frierson, James E. L. Fripp, Allen Jones Green, James Washington 
 Harrison, George E. Hawes, Robert L. Hart, G. Henry, Albert P. 
 Hill, Washington G. Hunt, W. E. Jenkins, Christopher Columbus 
 Johnson, John A. Leland, John Foster Marshall, Orlando B. Mayer, 
 James W. McCants, John Laurence Manning, William M. Mclver, 
 William C. Mclver, Hugh G. Middletori, William C. Moragne, 
 Henry Muller, Ezekiel Pickens Noble, John F. Pyatt, Frederick 
 Raoul, Duncan W. Ray, Robert H. Shaffer, James Munroe Wallace, 
 Louis Trezevant Wigfall, David J. Williams, John D. Wilson. 
 
 1838. Thomas Salmond Anderson, Dixon Barnes, Edmund E. 
 Bellinger, Edward Mortimer Boykin, George S. Brown, James 
 Cantey, William Davie DeSaussure, Nathan H. Davis, James H. 
 Elliott, Alexander Gregg, George Cooper Gregg, William R. Goss, 
 Samuel H. Hay, Oliver J. Hart, Joseph Cox Haynesworth, Henry 
 Alexander Jones, Isaac Lesesne, Samuel J. Marshall, Leslie 
 McCandless, Allen T. Mclver, Edward F. Morrall, Robert B. 
 Muldrow, Charles P. Pelham, Lawrence Benton Prince, John E. 
 Rivers, James .W. Robert, Edward Anderson Salmond, S. John 
 Singletary, William H. Sinkler, Mathew Richard Singleton, John 
 C. Smith, David G. Sparks, William H. Stringfellow, Edward 
 Smith Tennent, James H. Wilson, C. Bruce Walker, John Wither- 
 spoon. 
 
 1839. William H. Evans, Daniel Flood, David E. Frierson, 
 James G. Gilchrist, James Burgess Gordon, Isaac M. Hutson, 
 Henry Campbell King, Horace W. Leland, Isaac N. Lenoir, 
 Lorraine McCord, Warren A. Muldrow, Joseph Palmer, Henry F. 
 Porcher, Julius St. Julien Pringle, Samuel A. Randell, Vans 
 Randell, William W. Renwick, Charles Augustus Stanhope Sams, 
 Andrew Baxter Springs, John S. White, Benjamin H. Wilson, 
 John J. Wilson. 
 
 1840. William Isaac Ball, William M. Bostwick, Samuel 
 Bradley, John Taylor Brown, Joseph F. Bythewood, Paul Green 
 Chappell, James B. Dawkins, Wilmot Gibbes DeSaussure, Peter C. 
 Edwards, Chesly D. Evans, John Taylor Goodwyn, Evander A. 
 Gregg, James M. Grirnke, Wesley Harper, Stephen Elliott Haber- 
 sham, Columbus Haile, Thomas M. Hanckel, John Oldfield Heriott, 
 
APPENDIX. 445 
 
 Joseph A. Johnson, John Berwick Legare, William A. Lucas, 
 Heyward Manigault,' John D. McCullough, John Crosskey Oswald, 
 Thomas E. Peck, Haskell Rhett, Josiah Scott, John Gibbes 
 Shoolbred, Edward Darrell Smith, Leonidas W. Spratt, Samuel 
 Tompkins, William Alexander Walker, Daniel J. J. Wilkinson, 
 William F. Whaley, Samuel H. Wilds, Richard S. Wright. 
 
 1841. Joseph D. Aiken, John Moore Anderson, Samuel II. 
 Bacot, James Douglas Blanding, Robert Bentham Boylston, Samuel 
 E. Bratton, Cornelius D. Burckmyer, William B. Carlisle, James 
 Davis, Alfred Huger Dunkin, James F. Ervin, John P. Fell, 
 Eben B. Flagg, Frederick William Fraser, William Godfrey, 
 Winchester Graham, Edward Gregg, Julius St. Julien Guerard, 
 Christopher Fitzsirnons Hampton, Derrill A. Hart, William Alston 
 Hayne, Arthur P. Hayne, Richard E. Jenkins, William F. Lester, 
 James A. Mars, James B. McCants, John C. Mclntyre, Samuel 
 McGowan, Alexander McQueen, Edward B. Means, Edward W. 
 Duval Nesbit, William Adger Player, William Alston Pringle, 
 William H. Rice, William J. Rivers, William Royal, Edward' S. 
 Rugely, Marion Washington Sams, Donald Decatur Sams, John H. 
 Screven, Ralph Scurry, Ephraim M. Seabrook, John G. Seabrook, 
 William M Shannon, Benjamin R. Smith, Albertus C. Spain, 
 Benjamin F. Stairley, Edward Fisher Taylor, Thomas Talbird, 
 Charles A. Thornwell, Chappell 0. Trapp. 
 
 1842. William W. Adams, W r . Louis Anderson, William 
 Armstrong, John Gamble Baskin, Andrew W. Bowie, B. Warburton 
 Bradley, J. Rufus Bratton, John S. Bratton, James Carroll Brooks, 
 John L. Broughton, John Milleken Buchanan, A. K. Calhoun, 
 Charles Louis Crane, W. Mosely Fitch, William Washington Fripp, 
 John Milledge Galphin, Robert H. Goodwyn, Halcot Pride Green, 
 Isaac Paul Grimball, .James C. Hicklin, Joseph C. Hooper, Samuel 
 Jones, Benjamin Johnson, James Kincaid, Edward Kinsler, J. M. 
 Landrum, John F. Laroche, J. W. Lauhon, John W. Lesly, Jesse 
 T. Owens, Edward G. Palmer, William A. Paul, Christopher C. 
 Pegues, Edward S. Percival, Joseph B. Pyatt, James W. Red, 
 Frederick J. Shaffer, William Pinckney Starke, Hiram Tilman, 
 James Davis Trezevant, Thomas B. Wadlington, John S. Wilson. 
 
 1843. J.B. Adams, David L. Anderson, E. McKenzie Anderson, 
 Samuel J. Barnett, Benjamin W. Dudley Gulp, James Willis Cantey, 
 J. Lunsford Douglas, J. McFaddin Gaston, Julien E. Gibbes, J. P. 
 George, George W. Gill, Charles B. Glover, John W. Harrington, 
 George W. Hill, Lawrence Manning Keitt, J. W. W. Marshall, 
 Cyrus Davis Melton, James M. Perrin, Thomas J. Robertson, 
 Franklin Fripp Sams, William D. Simpson, John Wistar Simpson, 
 John T. Wetherall, David Roger Williams, Thomas J. Workman. 
 
 1844. John Ball, William M. Bratton, James H. Carlisle, 
 Simeon E. Caughman, Charles Cheves, David Creswell, James M. 
 Crosson, Henry C. Davis, Richard Watson Denton, A. Warren 
 28 
 
446 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Debardelaben, Henry Bolivar DeSaussure, Richard Manning Dyson, 
 Jacob C. Eichelberger, Edward Evans, Andrew Fuller, Christopher 
 P. Gadsden, William Goodwyn, William F. Baker Haynesworth, 
 William C. Kilgore, Samuel W. Leland, John Henry Logan, Alfred 
 M. Martin, Andrew J. McLaughlin, Samuel Mobley, Patrick Henry 
 Nelson, Edward Noble, William McKenzie Parker, Augustus H. 
 Porcher, Francis P. Porcher, William E. Porcher, Samuel Reynolds, 
 David Rice, Emmet J. Seibles, D. Sullivan, William Wallace, 
 Leonard Williams, Andrew Jackson Witherspoon. 
 
 1845. Charles Alston, Benjamin Franklin Arthur, James S. 
 Boone, Robert Boyce, Augustus Broyles, J. Thornton Carpenter, 
 Henry Chappell, Martin P. Crawford, James E. Crosland, Robert 
 H. Deas, Thomas Dill, Jesse E. Dubard, Thomas Boone Fraser, 
 Edwin Gaillard, Robert Garlington, Wyatt J. Goin, Theodore S. 
 Gourdin, Charles Henry, Edward Barnwell Heyward, Christopher 
 Gadsden Hume, Henry Kinsler, George W. Landrum, Brown 
 Manning, Edward Howard Martin, Thomas B. Neil, Joseph James 
 Pope, Thomas Taylor, Charles R. Thompson, Peleus A. Waller, 
 Edward C. Whaley, Laurens E. Wilson, John S. Winn, James H. 
 Wideman. 
 
 1846. William E. Aiken, Julius Anderson, William Wallace 
 Anderson, Samuel W. Buchanan, James Boatwright Crane, Stephen 
 L. Deveaux, David A. Elliott, Charles E. B. Flagg, Ladson 
 Lawrence Fraser, Henry William Harrington, William H. Huger, 
 John K. Jackson, Thomas B. Jeter, Samuel W. Jordan, John C. 
 Lang, Thomas J. Lipscomb, Henry Mclver, Isaac H. Means, Jerome 
 Charles Miller, Richard Manning Moore, Henry Thomas Moore, 
 Albert A. Morse, William H. Parker, Edward L. Patton, Archibald 
 Simpson Johnston Perry, John Ratchford, Robert H. Reid, Joseph 
 Rice, James G. Spann, William Blackburn Wilson, Hamilton G. 
 Witherspoon. 
 
 1847. Orsamus W. Allen, P. Bacot Allston, Henry William 
 Blanding, Edward J. Bostwick, Henry Buist, John T. Dupre, James 
 Farrow, Thomas Frost, Summerfield Massilon Glenn Gary, James G. 
 Gibbes, William C. Gist, Artimus Darby Goodwyn, John S. Green, 
 Evander M. Griffin, Edward Haile, Oscar P. Hay, William G. P. 
 Hazel, Walter Izard, S. Yates Levy, James M. Lipscomb, William 
 Logue, Joseph Manigault, Dugald McDermot McLeod, Fitz William 
 McMaster, James Moultrie, Alexander Noble, Philip E. Porcher, 
 Francis D. Quash, Robert Henry Rembert, Julius J. Sams, Paul H. 
 Seabrook, William B. Telfourd, Frederick L. Villipigue, Isaac T. 
 Weston, Furman E. Wilson. 
 
 1848. James Picket Adams, William Anderson, William Alston, 
 John William Avery, Jacob F. Belser, Jesse T. Bethea, Louis 
 Septimus Blanding, John Brumfield, Robert Hayne Cheves, William 
 S. Dogan, James B. Ewart, Henry D. Frazer, Francis Gamewell, 
 Robert Henry, John B. Laborde, Benjamin H. Matheson, Dandridge 
 
APPENDIX. 447 
 
 McRea, Julius T. Porcher, Thomas F. Porcher, Edward J.' Rembert, 
 George W. Rodgers, Edwin W. Seibles, Archibald J. Shaw, 
 Augustus M. Smith, Samuel Sparks, Christopher H. Suber, William 
 R. Tiber, William Henry Talley, Alexander N. Talley, A. Wallace 
 Thompson, W. B. Thompson, Charles S. West, William S. Whaley, 
 W. Randolph Withers. 
 
 1849. D. Wyatt Aiken, Thomas Ashby, Samuel H. Bailey, Theo- 
 dore G. Barker, E. M. Baynard, J. C. Bickley, Samuel W. Book- 
 hardt, John D. Boyd, James Edward Calhoun, Jr., John W. Carlisle, 
 Henry A. Clinch, N. B. Clinch, James Connor, James E. Cureton, 
 George B. Cuthbert, John F. Debardelaben, Franklin Gaillard, 
 Rush F. Gailiard, Robert W. Gibbes, Jr., Thomas Girardeau, 
 John E. Glenn, Thomas Jefferson Glover, Thomas T. Gourdin, 
 E. Jones Henry, Thomas H. Holleyman, William J. Holt, Jesse 
 Malachi Howell, R. H. H. Jordan, J. B. Lang, George E. Leitner, 
 William Z. Leitner, William J. Ligon, Thomas M. McCants, J. Y. 
 Mclver, Robert H. McKinnon, James H. Mellichamp, George 
 H. Moffett, Isham Moore, John B. Moore, Thomas W.'Neely, T. 
 E. Nott, John C. Oeland, P. J. Oeland, William C..Poe, Octavius 
 T. Porcher, Percival Porcher, Rufus K. Porter, William L. Pou, 
 Charles Richardson, John Peter Richardson, John E. Robertson, 
 R. F. Ross, Edward J. Seabrook, J. L. Shanklin, E. C. Simkins, 
 Charles H. Simonton, W r illiam Stevens, Franklin A. Tompkins, 
 Daniel Tucker, J. H. Tucker, William H. Wallace, Thomas E. 
 Wannamaker, W. Weston, J. Evans White. 
 
 1850. Samuel Adams, William Samuel Alston, Adam Perry 
 Amaker, William Franklin Ayer, John E. Bacon, Robert W. Barn- 
 well, Jr., Robert C. Beck, John Bratton, Robert M. Braerly, 
 James M. Buford, James M. Carson, John T. Cauthen, Hugh L. 
 Charles, David G. Coit, McNeely Dubose, Robert McFaddin 
 Durant, Berryman W. Edwards, George M. Eichelberger, William 
 Eichelberger, Wm. C. S. Ellerbe, Stephen Elliott, Alfred F. 
 Felder, William Burt Eraser, States Rights Gist, John V. Glover, 
 Joseph Glover, Thomas Jefferson Goodwyn, Jr., Wm. H. J. Govan, 
 Langdon C. Haskell, E. S. J. Hays, Joseph R. Hill, Saunders G. 
 Jamison, Edward E. Jenkins, Peter H. Larey, Robert Lebby, Robert 
 Charles McFadden, James P. MacFie, George Hunter McMaster, 
 Gabriel H. McPheeters, Charles E. Maybin, M. Berry Metts, 
 John H. Miller, William C. Mitchell, John Glover Mobley, 
 William G. Muller, Joseph J. Murray, John A. Player, Edwin H. 
 Pooser, John Smythe Richardson, James H. Rion, Horace H. 
 Sams, Thomas E. Scriven, J. R. Shuler, Joseph Berryman Sloan, 
 James Thomson, Paul Thomson, Elias Yenning, James F. Walker, 
 William Weaver, Henry S. Williams, George McWillie Williamson, 
 John A. Wharton, Robert Aiken Yongue. 
 
 1851. Isaac M. Aiken, Joseph B. Allston, B. W. Ball, T. C. 
 Bauskett, J. M. Beaty, J. W. Bold, J. M. Brice, A. Brevard 
 
448 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Bruinby, Howard H. Caldwell, Win. L. Calhoun, James R. Chal- 
 mers, 11. II. Clarkson, John H. Elliott, J. A. Ferguson, A. Fripp, 
 C. Fripp, Samuel Gaillard, Franklin S. Gillespie, Samuel J. Gilles- 
 pie, Walter A. Goodman, A. B. Gordon, Douglas Harrison, 11. S. 
 Heriott, E. Herndon, Joseph Hill,. Richard G. Howard, Henry 
 Izard, W. R. Jones, James P. Kinard, J. G-. King, Robert D. Linton, 
 Simons Lucas, Eugene McCaa, J. J. McDaniel, J. S. McLure, Win. 
 
 B. Metts, W. S. N orris, J. R. Pou, Wm. G. Rice, David G. Rob- 
 ertson, Cato A. Seabrook, J. M. Seabrook, J. W. Seabrook, Wm. 
 R. Taylor, Samuel J. Townsend, Henry Tucker, Robert L. Wier. 
 
 1852. H. Walker Adams, Thomas W. Allen, William Creighton 
 Buchanan, Augustus H. Bush, James C. Calhoun, J. Wood 
 Davidson, Nicholas W. Edmunds, A. F. Edwards, William H. 
 Frean, J. Brown Gaston, J. Lucius Gaston, Peter E. Griffin, Harry 
 Hammond, John W. Holman, J. Ward Hopkins, Joshua Hezekiah 
 Hudson, William W. Irby, A. H. Jackson, Dennis F. Jones, Ellison 
 S. Keitt, Nathaniel R. King, James Gregg Leitner, Charles H. 
 Leverett, J. William Livingston, John H. Marshall, James McDow- 
 ell, Thomas McLure, Thomas E. McNeill, William A. McPheeters, 
 Waddy Thomson Means, Samuel Warren JMelton, Suinter Robert 
 Mills, John D. Neely, Samuel Bonneau Noble, David H. Porter, 
 William Bull Pringle, Andrew Burnett Rhett, John A. Ruff, Wm. 
 
 C. Scott, Charles J. Stroman, William M. Thomas, Hiram Alexan- 
 der Troutman, Andrew Bowie Wardlaw, Joel Adams Tucker 
 Weston, Joseph Newton Whitner, Jr., Jeremiah N. Williams, Leroy 
 F. Youmans. 
 
 1853. J. Benjamin Anderson, Mason G. Anderson, Lucius 
 Cuthbert, Robert DeTreville, John H. Evans, John Jesse Goodwyn, 
 Charles Edward Leverett, John Izard Middleton, Fritz W. Pape, 
 James Wardlaw Perrin, N. C. Whetstone. 
 
 1854. John William Adams, John Hampden Brooks, John 
 Robinson Buist, William Benjamin Culp, William Lowndes Daniel, 
 Oliver Hawes Gillespie, James Lowndes, William Adams Marshall, 
 Robert Yongue Hayne McMeekin, Thomas Peter Oliver, John 
 Rutledge Riley, William Burriss Russell, John Gaines Scarbor- 
 ough, Benjamin Rhett Stuart, Charles Pinckney Townsend, George 
 Sewell Trezevant, Joseph John Wade, Joseph Moore Ward, John 
 Camden West, James Harrison Whitner, Isaac Dormom Wither- 
 spoon. 
 
 1855. Patrick Henry Adams, Sanford W. Barker, Jr., Josiah 
 Bedon, Warren Pinckney Belcher, Charles Wesley Boyd, Burgh 
 Smith Burnet, James Zachariah Burns, William London Butler, 
 James Chesnut, Henry Mazyck Clarkson, Morgan Calhoun Conner, 
 James Moore Davis, Stephen Carr DeBruhl, Jr., Jacob Emanuel 
 DeLaMotta, Henry William DeSaussure, Richard DeTreville, Jr., 
 Leonard White Dick, Charles Edward Dupont, Alexander Christie 
 Elder, Charles Atwood Fisher, Charles Edwin Fleming, John Cant- 
 
APPENDIX. 449 
 
 zon Foster, Joseph Henry Foster, William Washington Fraser, 
 William Francis George. Alfred Young Glover, Edward Myddlcton 
 Goodwyn, John Miller Harris, Chesley Worthington Herbert, James 
 Robert Jones, William Kennedy, Jr., Thomas Deas Leadbetter, 
 Thomas Whitfield MeOants, James McCutchen, Alexander Hamil- 
 ton McGowan, David Gregg Mclntosh, Robert Charles Mclntyre, 
 Adam Whitfield Mason,. Samuel Earle Mays, William Burney 
 Means, Jr., Zlegraan Phillips Moses, James Witsell O'Hear, Philip 
 Smith Postell, John Baker Pou, John Preston, Jr., Miles Brewton 
 Pringle, Francis Mandeville Rogers, William Seabrook, John Ran- 
 dolph Shelton, Hugo Grotius Sheridan, Doctor Joseph Simpson, 
 Landgrave Thomas Smith, Benjamin Walter Taylor, Rutherford 
 Presley Todd, John Robert Tolbevt, Richard Augustus Tompkins, 
 Robert William Pinckney Tompkins, William Lee Trenholm, John 
 Rives Wade, Edmund Rhett Walker, Alfred Wallace, Alpheus 
 Turrentine Watson, Robert Adams Weston, John McKamy White, 
 Benjamin Franklin Whitner, James Washington Williams. 
 
 1856. Preston Adams, Thomas Cooper Boykin, John Hicklin 
 Buchanan, Joseph Palmer Cain, George Erasmus Coit, Harris Cov- 
 ington, Louis McPherson DeSaussure, William James Durant, 
 William Strother Durham, George Milton Fairlee, William Edward 
 Ferrini, Isaac Newton Gaston, Laurent Berney Hallonquist, James 
 Pinckney Harris, Thomas Benton Harris, Richard Woodward Hut- 
 son, Edward Henry Kellers, Guido Norman Lieber, Joseph Banks 
 Lyle, Adam Alexander McKittrick, Thomas Bennett Meniminger, 
 Thomas Allston Middleton, John Robert Milling, Whitemarsh Sea- 
 brook Murray, William Judson Ready, James Barkley Rosser, 
 Ossian Adams Rutherford, Robert Martin Taft, Joseph Patterson 
 Thomson, Joseph Edgar Way, William Henry Whitner, John 
 Christopher Winsmith, Bartlett Jones Witherspoon. 
 
 1857. Samuel Gaines Cothran, Joseph P. Cunningham, Thomas 
 Waties Dinkins, Leonidas Kennedy Glasgow, George Goldthwaite, 
 Robert Bones Hughes, Henry Marsden Larey, Milledge Bonharn 
 Lipscomb, James Carroll LaBorde, Homer Leonidas McGowan, 
 James Mclntosh, Saratis Franklin McQueen, James Douglas 
 Matheson, Henry Carleton Mitchell, Henry Junius Nott, Thomas 
 Erasmus Powe, Elias Lynch Rivers, John Houseal Thomson, Thomas 
 Sabb Thomson, George Allen Wardlaw, William Henry White. 
 
 1858. Talbot Adams, Jr., Marian Kennan Alston, Frederick Gus- 
 tavus Behre, Holloway Bird, Usher Parsons Bonney, Simon Peter 
 Boozer, Edward Henry Buist, William Robinson Caldwell, John 
 Chesnut, Charles Mayson Creswell, Edmund J. Felder, Louis Perrin 
 Foster, Henry Frost, Thomas Fisher Gadsden, Mortimer Glover, Smile 
 Alexander Gregg, William Chollet Hallonquist, Isaac Hayne, Orson 
 Valentine Howell, Abram Huguenin, William Matthews Lawton, 
 Jr., Edgar Marks Lazarus, William White Legare, Thomas Lyles, 
 Andrew Charles Moore, Edward Burt Perrin, Lewis Wardlaw Per- 
 
450 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 rin, William Henry Perrin, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Jr., 
 Daniel Townsend Pope, Grinike Rhett, Julius Newton Ross, Isaac 
 Rosser, William Cooke Scott, William Jefferson Singletary, Willis 
 Carey Smith, Samuel Walker Spencer, William Walter Spencer, 
 Robert Stark, David Alphonzo Todd, Edward Wallace, William 
 Clark Wardlaw, Elihu Wesley Watson, Jaine? Grier White. 
 
 Persons upon whom Honorary Degrees have been Conferred, 
 besides those that are included amongst the Alumni. 1807, John 
 Drayton, LL.D.; 1807, William Percy, D. D.; 1807, Richard Furman, 
 D. D.; 1807, Joseph Alexander, D. 'D.; 1807, Moses Waddle, D. 
 D. 1808, Edward Hooker, A. M.; 1808, Thomas Park, A.M.; 
 1808, Daniel McCalla, D. D.; 1808, Benjamin Allen, LL.D. 1809. 
 
 Montgomery, D. D.; 1809, Henry Holcombe, D. D. 
 
 1812, Flinn, D. D.; 1812, Solomon Hailing, D. D. 1813, 
 
 Nathaniel Brown, D. D. 1814, Joseph Sumner, D. D.; 1814, 
 Aaron W. Leland, D. D.; 1814, James Ramsay, A. B.; 1814, 
 Samuel Caldwell, D. D. 1815, Benjamin M. Palmer, D. D.; 1815, 
 James White Stephenson, D. D.; 1815, Christopher Gadsden, D. 
 D,; 1815, John M. Roberts, D. D. 1816, Rene Godard, A. M. 
 
 1817, Waldo, A. M. 1818, William Capers, A. M. 1819, 
 
 Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D. 1833, Thomas Cooper, LL.D. 1834. 
 Robert Henry, D. D. 1837, Reuben Post, D. D.; 1837, P. C. 
 Gaillard, A. M. 1838, Joseph Henry, LL.D. 1839, Samuel A. 
 Marshall, A. M. 1840, James W. McCants, A. M.; 1840, James 
 Smith, A. B. 1841, William H. Prescott, LL.D. 1842, Robert 
 W. Barnwell, LL.D. 1846, W. J. Hand, A. M. 1850, John 
 Bachman, LL.D. 1852, John Douglas, A. M. 1853, J. B. Adger, 
 
 D. D.; 1853, Henri Herrisse, A. M. 
 
 Names of all /Students admitted, into the College, who in any way 
 whatsoever left it without a Diploma. 1805-6: Freshman. John 
 
 E. Chesley, Wilson Nesbit, J. Turner Rivers. Sophomore. William 
 Capers, Charles Course, James Postell, Robert Raymond Reid. 
 
 1806-7: Freshman. Charles Ellis. Sophomore. Barnaby 
 Branford, James Chappel, Edward Watson. Junior. Stephen Ford, 
 William Goodwyn, John Muldrow. 
 
 1807-8: Sophomore. John Boykin, Samuel B. Cantey, Daniel 
 Fisher, William Lang, John McKa, John Postell, Timothy Wil- 
 liamson. Junior. John Dent, James Dinkins, Daniel Hart, Jesse 
 Taylor, Benjamin Taylor, Rufus Mayrant, John D. Murphy, John 
 Stark, John F. Trezevant. Senior. George Davis, William Davis, 
 John J. Goodwyn, Benjamin Heriot, Powel McRaa. 
 
 1808-9 : Sophomore. Frank Hampton, James Martin, Peter J. 
 Nephew. Junior. Henry Adams, Jr., James Bowman, Elias Dick, 
 Charles Gignilliatt, Wade Hampton, Isaac Johnson, Charles S. 
 Sims. 
 
 1809-10 : Sophomore. John Burgess, James Holmes, John Pope, 
 George Pegues, Henry Seibles, Nathan Wade. Junior. B. Bostick, 
 
APPENDIX. 451 
 
 John T. Creswell, Robert B. Cuthbert, John Neman, Peter 
 Perry. 
 
 1810-11: Freshman. William Fludd, Robert Hailes. Sopho- 
 more. John B. Gaston, William H. Hay. Junior. Jacob Guerard, 
 Philip Heron, James W. Mayrant. Senior. John McCord, Robert 
 Lowry, B. Thomas Thomas, William Woodward. 
 
 1811-12: Sophomore. John Bell, Elias S. Bennet, Anthony T. 
 Graves, Felix Haile, Richard Haile, Thomas M. Stuart, Thomas 
 Taylor, Tristram N. Thomas, James B. White, William C. Young. 
 Junior. John Burgess, William K. Boykin, Burrel B. Cook, Robt. 
 Giles, Zachariah Herndon, Thomas Hartley, James S. McGregor, 
 Alex. R. Parkins, John Righton, Robert Starke. 
 
 1812-13 : Sophomore. Joseph M. Alston, Benjamin C. Crapp, 
 John J. Frierson, Daniel A. Jenkins, George D. Miller, Francis G. 
 Rolando, James Sealey. Junior. Alexander M. Bochet, James 
 Douglas, Nathan Fuller, James Ramsay. Senior. Robert Barkley, 
 Fred. W. Dalton, John Gayle, James Hopkins, John McLeod, 
 Charles N. Rolando, Robert Wilson. 
 
 1813-14: ySbp/iomore. Augustus T. Gaillard, Thomas Mclver, 
 William S. Partridge, Philemon Waters. Junior. Joseph S. 
 Bossard, Thomas Broughton, Thomas Cuthbert, Jeremiah Ficklin, 
 John L. Finley, Thomas Goddard, Robert Hailes, Philip S. Porcher, 
 Thomas W. Porcher, B. H. Rutledge, Joel A. Tucker. Senior. 
 William A. Brickell, Charles A. Hunter, John Alexander Keith, 
 David J. McCord, William B. Nott. 
 
 1814-15: Freshman. Z. Rudolph. Sophomore. George S. 
 Smith. Junior. James Johnson, John W. Simpson. Senior. 
 Thomas Hutson Colcock, William A. Graham, John Lide, Melton 
 Mellett, John Porter. 
 
 1815-16: Freshman.. Robert Hagood. Sophomore. E. Cuth- 
 bert, James E. Hogg, John Izard Middleton, Oliver H. Middleton. 
 Junior. George W. Cuthbert, William J. Eddings, John M. Fludd, 
 John Geddes, Joseph Jenkins, John Jones, Solomon Legare, John 
 Legare, Isaac McPherson, William Seabrook, Ephraim Seabrook, 
 Richard D. Smith, John Townsend, Henry Vaughan. Senior. 
 James Campbell, Andrew Pickens Earle, William Irby, William A. 
 Mays, John P. Moore, William Overstreet. 
 
 1816-17: Freshman. Samuel Chisolm, Abel E. Evans. So- 
 phomore.^-Johu Adamson, Wm. H. Bonneau, James Caldwell, 
 Alexander Campbell, W. Falconer, Frederick Rutledge Laurens, 
 William Smith Price, Charles E. Rowand, William Sams, Richard 
 L. Simms, Stephen H. Maxcy, William S. Price, Frederick Rut- 
 ledge. Junior. William Baynard, James Edings, Charles Pinck- 
 ney Elliott, Hugh McMillan, Thomas Boykin, John Chapman, 
 John Herbert, Hopkins Holsey, Joseph D. Maybank, Thomas J. 
 Roach, Thomas Singleton, John A. Stuart. Senior. John A. 
 
452 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Lilly, John Hunter, Samuel B. Marsh, James Raysor, Henry D. 
 Roberts. 
 
 1817-18: Freshman. William Carson. Sophomore. John A. 
 Edwards, Thomas P. Falconer, Samuel P. Graillard. Junior. 
 Lemuel W. Boykin, David Graillard, John James, Charles A. 
 Lide, E. A. Love, John D. Means, David Gr. McKee, John J. 
 Murrel, John C. Taylor, William Webb. Senior. William E. 
 Baynard, Joseph Fraser, Nicholas Hodges, Thomas F. Wil- 
 liamson. 
 
 181819: Freshman. Cornelius K. Ayer, Ludovicus Harris. 
 
 Sophomore. John E. Irby, Kenner, Eugenius A. Nesbit, 
 
 Abner B. Parrott, William S. Partridge. Junior. Fitzgerald Bird, 
 John S. Bobo, William J. Bobo, Rhydon G. Hill, Herndon McKee, 
 Richard S. Youngblood. Senior. John P. Richardson, Thomas 
 D. Singleton. 
 
 1819-20: Sophomore. Joseph W. H. Cook, Charles A. De- 
 Saussure, Henry Dupont, William M. Myers, M. H. Waring. 
 Junior. John C. Aiken, Edmund Bellinger, William A. Boykin, 
 John J. Chambers, Nathan P. Cook, James S. Gruignard, Thomas 
 J. Hailes, William L. Lewis, Jacob H. McMichael, Ambrose W. 
 O'Bannon, Cotesworth Pinckney Smith. Senior. Alexander J. 
 M..Brevard, Charles P. Connors, John J. Murrell, William Gr. 
 Webb, James M. Witherspoon. 
 
 1820-21 : Sophomore. Charles C. Strohecker, J. W. Vereen, 
 Oliver Wheeler. Junior. Leontine Butler, William H. H. Hay, 
 Henry L. Sims, Jeremiah D. Yates. Senior. John W. Bacon, 
 John Kilpatrick Campbell, John R. Gribson, Charles T. Grodbolt, 
 William A. Groodwyn, Lodovicus Harris, John J. Myers, John 
 Phillips, Waties. 
 
 1821-22 : Freshman. John Mixon. Sophomore. William 
 Brantwaite, James Magill, Hampden Wigfall. Junior. Henry 
 J. Abbott, John W. Baker, John D. Cantzer, Myer M. Cohen, 
 Washington Contourio, Henry Fullenwider, Calvin Foster, William 
 T. Grist, Charles C. Henderson, William Hopkins, Thomas Hopkins, 
 Henry Marshall, M. Cohen Myer, Charles Porcher, John J. Potts, 
 John Smythe Richardson, Lydall Saxon, I. Donnoni Witherspoon. 
 Senior. Jeremiah Brown, Francis Eppes, William J. Gault, Elias 
 Horlbeck. 
 
 1822-23 : Freshman. John E. Carew. Sophomore. Robert 
 Holmes, Gr. J. Pope. Junior. J. Gr. Cogdell, David Dubose, 
 
 Harris S. Evans, John Grist, Haskell, Robert James, James D. 
 
 McWillie. Senior. Wm. M. Lee. 
 
 182324 : Freshman. John Black. Sophomore. Henry Can- 
 tey, James L. Edwards, John A. Edwards, Wilmot R. Gribbes, 
 Peter F. LaBorde, John C. Martin. Junior. Henry B. Brickell, 
 Charles F. Butler, John R. Charles, Arthur F. Holmes, Edward C. 
 
APPENDIX. 453 
 
 Keckeley, William Myers, Hezekiah W. W. Rice. SOH'OI: John 
 31. B locker, James M. Daniels. 
 
 1824-25 : Sophomore. George P. Elliott, Hawkins, Robert 
 
 Holmes, Levy, J. 31cCants, Robert Saxon. Junior. A Brad- 
 ley, Charles F. Butler, Turner Bynum, Charles C. Gregorie, Samuel 
 McAlliley, James R. Tucker, George W. William. Senior. 
 Lydall Saxon. 
 
 1825-26 : Freshman, John M. Davis, Wm. T. DeWitt, Wm. 
 T. Holmes. Sophomore. H. Chapman. Junior. Joseph Alston, 
 James C. Boyd, William E. Boyd, Martin Phillips, John J. J. 
 Pringle, James T. Starke, Robert Henry Wardlaw. Senior. James 
 C. Bonham, Robert Bradley, Algernon S. Clifton, John P. 
 Creyon, Thomas English, William English, Benjamin Fishburne, 
 John M. Huger, Hart S. H. 31axcy, Daniel A. Zimmerman. 
 
 1826-27 : Freshman. Arthur, Coachman, Wm. Ellerbe. 
 
 Sophomore. Jenkins, Levin, McMahan, Mazyck, 
 
 Augustus Noel, Osman Woodward. Junior. William Boone, 
 Edward Buist, Henry S. Cook, J. H. Degraffenreid, William H. 
 Gist, Edward L. Goodwyn, Henry Haigler J. Cordes Keith, 
 Thomas W. Lockhart, Thomas W. Porcher, Thomas R. C. Richard- 
 son, Reuben Ruff, David Rumph. Senior. Joel R. Adams, Wm. 
 B. Adams, James C. Bonham, James Parsons Carroll, Robert F. 
 Charles, James Davis, William Davis. John F. Ervin, Robert Fish- 
 burne, Henry Foster, Henry L. Fuller, Robert Wilson Gibbes, 
 Isaac W. Hayne, John N. Herndon, David F. Jamison, John J. 
 Landrum, John Lofton, Samuel McClanahan, Richard B. McMichael, 
 Robert Means, William B. Means, Robert Miles, John F. O'Bannon, 
 William Oswald, Francis Wilkinson Pickens, Reese Price, James B. 
 Richardson, William W. Smith, Thomas B. Spratt, James W. Thom- 
 son, Henry H. Thomson, Edward J. Webb, Joseph A. Woodward. 
 
 1827-28: Freshman. Thomas McQueen. Sophomore. 
 
 Boyce, A. Haig, George loor. Junior. Thomas Clarkson, Edward 
 Lowndes, William Millikin, Jonathan T. Waties. Senior. Thomas 
 Furman, Washington Miller. 
 
 1828-29: Sophomore. John A. Scott. Junior. Wm. Roberts. 
 
 1829-30 : Sophomore. Peter S. Bacot, Sampson G. Boatwright, 
 Thomas G. Carr, John M. D. Cheney, Samuel F r Gibson, Benjamin 
 H. Johnson, Henry W. McGowan, Nicholas A. Peay, Benjamin G. 
 Shields. Junior. Timothy Center, William T. Ellerbe, Francis 
 W. Fickling, James M. Nelson. Senior. George Taylor. 
 
 1830-31 : Sophomore. John Bayle, William H. Cannon, John 
 Gaillard, Madison T. Perry, Charles Thomson. Junior. William 
 L. Alston", Thomas E. Evans, George W. Lawton, William A. 
 McKay, William McCreary, Alexander 3Iontgomery, Samuel S. 
 Stith, Washington Taylor, Thomas N. Waul. Senior. Andrew H. 
 Cheves, Peter "C. Gaillard, Benjamin F. Scott. 
 
 1831-32 : Sophomore. E. D. Miller, Demophon Tureaud, 
 
454 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 James Wheeler. Junior. Edward D. Bailey, H. P. Johnson, 
 John M. Lowry, Lewis A. Raoul, Calvin P. Sandefur, John C. 
 Simkins, Thomas J. Starke, Henry T. Thomson. Senior. An- 
 drew P. Calhoun, Henry H. Clark, William S. Lylea, Rufus A. 
 Nott, Edward Porcher. 
 
 1832-1833: Junior. H. W. Adams, J. G. Adams, J. H. 
 Adams, Joel Adams, A. H. Boykin, John A. Boykin, W. H. W. 
 Brooks, John B. Campbell, Robert L. Campbell, Elias F. Couturier, 
 J. Paris Cunningham, Ephraim M. Clarke, George Hailes, Pinck- 
 ney S. Huger, David Johnson, G. C. Muldrow, Adolphus G. Nott, 
 Erasmus H. Powe, Govan Roach, William Roper, Henry J. Rowe. 
 Senior. J. S. Gibson, Henry Gray, Owen F. McCartley, Abram 
 A. McWillie, J. B. Massey, Benjamin B. Nixon, John M. Pearce, 
 Samuel F. Rice. 
 
 1833-1834: Senior. John II. Adams, Daniel Johnson. 
 
 1835-36 : Freshman. William F. Pratt, James R. Scott, John 
 J. Stoney. Sophomore. Robert Gibbes Barnwell, David L. Cohen, 
 
 Moorer, George F. Strobhart. Junior. Edward H. Anderson, 
 
 Thomas P. Butler, Joseph W. Doby, Milton H. Fair, James L. 
 Hunter, Rollin H. Kirk, W. S. McGehee, Charles A. Sparks. 
 Senior. Richardson Harrison. 
 
 1836-37 : Freshman. Theodore Dawson, Pegues. Sopho- 
 more. Edward M. Chambers, Benjamin Hames, Cheves Johnson, 
 James Perry, A. E. Moorer, George W. Trezevant. Junior. 
 George Allen, William S. Coleman, D W. Cuttino, P. M. Ed- 
 monston, John H. Pearson, Theodore W. Percival, George W. Polk. 
 Senior. Augustus Dorril, Franklin English, James L. Gantt, Wash- 
 ington Hunt, Paul Johnson, John W. Johnson, James W. Miles, 
 Josiah B. Perry. David J. Red, Robert H. Rosborough, Samuel M. 
 Woodbridge. 
 
 1837-38: Freshman. Joel Adams, Jos. B. Cosnahan, Nathaniel 
 Gist, James A. Hart, Law H. Roberts, Maurice Simons. Sopho- 
 more. Charles T. Darby, L. H. Fishburne, Joseph Gist, Edwin 
 Heriot, Robert S. Hope, John C. R. Key, Junius A. Mayes, Ralph 
 Perry, H. B. Rugely. Junior. Francis Capers, John A. Noble, 
 Carver Randall, Owen Richardson. Senior. W. B. Hutchinson, 
 John J. McMahan, Lewis E. Simons. 
 
 1838-39: Freshman. L. M. Ayer, Charles Bentham, Henry F. 
 Ferguson, W. B. Fickling, James M. Murphy. Sophomore. Wil- 
 liam Henry Belton, Edward A. Gibbes,' Wesley Graham, R. E. 
 Jenkins, R. J. Larroche, Charles Lining, Thomas C. Means, Robert 
 C. Myers, William Smith, W. R. Thompson, Thomas B. Whaley. 
 Junior. Joseph W. Fitch, Elias Henry. Senior. Thomas B. 
 Bird, Preston S. Brooks, John Coleman, Edward Magrath. 
 
 1839-40 : Freshman. William Black. Sophomore. Robert 
 Campbell, Ralph Bailey, Henry S. Hayne, Edward Jermain, John 
 F. Portius, Henry S. Rogers, James Stoney. Junior. Oliver S. 
 
APPENDIX. 455 
 
 Gregg, James C. Kennedy, William H. Roberts, Benjamin S. 
 Whaley, Radcliff Wilson. Senior. Joseph S. Crane, John S. Cripps. 
 
 1840-41 : Freshman. Robert Fuller, S. G. Henry, T. G. Law- 
 ton, Richard Laroche, Mayrant. Sophomore. Boone, 
 
 James Boykin, J. H. Cuthbert, Adam Felder, Samuel Earle Harri- 
 son, F. C. Johnson, Samuel Prioleau. 'Junior. B. W. Blocker, 
 Edward D. Laroche. Senior. Halcot Jones Pride, Alexander S. 
 Salley, James C. Swinton. 
 
 184142: Freshman. Robert Brown, Thomas Black, William 
 
 D. Cannon, A. P. Martin, Benjamin R. Maybin, C. J. White. 
 Sophomore. P. W. Blackburn, F. W. Debardelaben, W. Ford, 
 John H. Logan, T. R. McConnel, G. D. Peeples, T. Gr. Prioleau, 
 John Ramsay, William Workman. Junior. D. H. Bythewood, 
 R. B. Clarke, Edward H. Earle, F. H. Earle, J. W. Ervin, T. E. 
 Haile, J. L. Kilgore, H. T. Stokes, M. Weston, T. J. Workman, 
 George Young. Senior. R. J. M. Dunnovant, William A. Hay, 
 Duncan Lang, B. B. McCaa, Adam McWillie, James P. Starke, J. 
 
 E. Tobin, J. C. Warley. 
 
 184243 : Sophomore. Augustus Barnett, Boggan Cash, John 
 Cantey, David C. Means, John B. Tilman, Elisha J. Waller. 
 Junior. H. R. Aiken, James Crawford, John S. Dyson, R. M. 
 Frierson, Thomas Jones, J. K. Vance. Senior. R. H. Bishop, 
 T. L. Goodwyn, W. L. Hunter, Thomas Lang, J. L. Wilson. 
 
 1843-44: Freshman. John T. Bryce, William D. Gregorie, 
 Milton G. Roberts, John H. Tucker, Thomas H. Willingham. 
 Sophomore. Luther M. Caldwell, Alexander Herbemont, Edward 
 Sill, Edward C. Steele. Junior. David Adams, J. H. Addison, L. 
 H. Belser, E. Dubose, John B. Eichelberger, Robert Johnson, E. 
 M. Keith, Robert Maxwell, Charles J. Shannon, John W. Stark, 
 W. L. Williamson. Senior. Frederick L. Green, Thomas Ravenel, 
 D. Sullivan, Robert H. Simons. 
 
 1844-45: Sophomore. Louis M. Gillam, Augustus Shoolbred, 
 H. Walker. Junior. Goddard Bailey, C. E. Broyles, Ren& 
 Ravenel. B. R. Scott, Silas P. Thomas. Senior. Whitefield B. 
 Brooks, Stanmore Griffin. 
 
 1845-46: Freshman. Benjamin L. Posey. Sophomore. Wil- 
 liam C. Foreman, John A. Michel, Theodore Parker, Edward M. 
 Seabrook, John R. Scott, D. H. Trezevant, Robert J. Turnbull. 
 Junior. Jesse T. Bethea, John T. Green, Thomas C. Hooper, 
 James T. O'Bannon, Richard S. Porcher, Thomas C. Smith, John 
 Sistrunk, P. Smith. Senior. W. H. Campbell, Richard C. Lau- 
 rens, Alexander D. Sparks. 
 
 1846-47: Freshman. David E. Ewart, John P. Feaster, Wil- 
 liam Geiger, James W. Lipscomb, W. E. Seabrook, W. Seabrook, 
 Lucius Williamson. Sophomore. A. L. Eichleberger, Calhoun 
 Haile, Edward B. Lang, Thomas M. Legare. Junior. John W. 
 
456 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Avery, Perry Butler, Edward B. Cuthbert, T. L. Daniel, Edward 
 E. Elmore, John D. Hopkins, William G. Kennedy, M. J. Kirk, 
 Charlton H. Lelarid, William W. Logan, Robert Means. Senior. 
 C. L. Anderson, Henry Middleton. 
 
 1847-48: Freshman. T. B. Brown, E. B. Donnelson, F. C. 
 Dunlap, H. W. Goin, William M. Otterson, R. C. Starr, T. H. 
 W T ade. Sophomore. Benjamin Bailey, E. J. Belser, Joseph Hey- 
 ward, J. Hopkins, R. E. Johnston, Giles J. Patterson, M. J. Sanford, 
 George H. Waddell. Junior. John S. Barn well, Charles P. 
 Cheves, Benjamin H. Green, Henry M. Haig, Thomas Jones, Wil- 
 liam Lowndes, Belton Mickle, J. B. Nott, B. S. Screven, Henry W. 
 Waties. Senior. T. H. Johnson. 
 
 1848--49: Freshman. W '. H. Seabrook. Sophomore. 3 '. B. 
 Blackburn, Thomas Woodward, W. E. Zimmerman. Junior. 
 Sims E. Brown, Thomas Bruce, L. D. Connor, P. G. Gourdin, Wil- 
 liam Haile, R. C. Johnston, J. G. Logan, A. Miot, J. C. Seabrook. 
 Senior. William Fuller, J. J. Mickell, Julian Porcher. 
 
 1849-50: /Sophomore. J. D. Allen, Austin Black, Gaillard 
 Fitzsimmons, J. M. Hobdy, Joseph Jones, S. J. King, W. E. Mc- 
 Call, H. M. Parker. Junior. E. F. Allston, Jesse Berne, E. G. 
 W. Butler, Edward Brevard, J. 0. G. Campbell, Richard Bruce, 
 E. M. Davis, H. R. Easterling, W. C. Freeman, J. G. Hardy, W. 
 Heyward, W. C. Johnston, C. C. Jones, Samuel Logan, Warren 
 Nelson, L. C. Nesbitt, J. J. Rodgers, O. D. Steele, W. L. Wither- 
 spoon. /Senior. Reuben 0. Starke. 
 
 1850-51: Freshman. J. J. Frierson. /Sophomore. W. M. 
 Bradford, Henry Laurens, C. W. Mayrant. Junior. R. C. Fer- 
 guson, H. M. Parker. Senior. J. H. Anderson, J. A. Baker, J. 
 G. Barnwell, W. C. Freeman, G. S. James, W. C. Johnstone, J. S. 
 Moore, A. Sanders, M. Stuart. 
 
 1851-52: Freshman. J. R. S. Alston, W. J. Goodman, R. H. 
 Rives, H. J. Seibels, H. J. Smith, J. R. Stuart. Sophomore. 
 Joel W. Anderson, E. L. Bailey, R. H. Barnwell, Lemuel Boykin, 
 J. Dozier Broome, S. N. Burgess, W. H. Cain, A. L. Caldwell, J. 
 L. Chapman, P. S. Clarke, D. D. R. Cole, J. A. Dozier, T. Stobo 
 Farrow, G. H. Fort, J. C. Fort, W. E. Fripp, J. W. Graham, W. 
 C. Inglis, J. M. Kinard, J. C. Levy, T. J. Lipscomb, W. R. 
 McConnell) J. R. McKelvy, Peyton A. Philpott; T. P. Stoney, A. 
 G. Turnbull, J. T. Walsh, A. L. Yongue, E. H. Youngblood. 
 Junior. Robert Adams, T. P. Alston, E. M. Atkinson, Edward 
 Barnwell, T. C. Bookter, R. W. Boyd, J. F. Calhoun, T. B. Clark- 
 son, W. C. Clifton, J. C. Colt, D. B. DeSaussure, A. J. Dozier, J. 
 E. Dunlop, P. A. Eichelberger, Paul Fitzsimmons, J. G. Gaillard, 
 M. W. Gary, T. H. Go3ttee, J. W. Hance, T. G. Herbert, M. N. 
 Holstein, E. Kinder, Theodore Lang, P. P. Lock, James Lowndes, 
 M. C. McLemore, E. C. McLure, B. W. Means, D. H. Mordecai, 
 
APPENDIX. 457 
 
 J. A. Napier, E. W. Nowell, T. P. Oliver, J. R. D. Palmer, J. D. 
 Porcher, W. A. Ramsay, Edmund Rhett, J. G. Riley, J. B. Steed- 
 man, H. R. Stephens, J. S. Strong, J. M. Tinimons, R. J. Willing- 
 ham, T. W. Woodward, B. F. Young. Senior. 0. llawcs 
 Marshall, W. E. Zimmerman. 
 
 1852-53: Freshman, D. W. Barton, P. W. Herbert, J. H. 
 Powe, C. Prentiss. Sophomore. B. M. Cromwell, N. W. Cul- 
 elasure, T. L. Cuthbert, B. A. Hallum, W. H. Hawkins, R. H. 
 
 Scaife, Anderson Wannainaker. Junior. William Freeman, C. 
 
 O'Neall. 
 
 1854: Freshman. S. A. Goodman, R. H. Martin. Sophomore. 
 John Beatty, W. Hampton Gibbes, W. Preston Hix, J. S. A. 
 Legare, J. C. McLemore, Wm. Martin, Jr., Francis Moore, J. T. 
 Rhett. Junior. Hamlin Seattle, W. Scott Brice, W. J. Duffle, 
 J. B. Erwin, Gr. P. Harley, Gr. M. Jordon, T. Hutson Lee, J. E. 
 McKnight, Robert Martin, Samuel Perry man, D. Irwin Rast, H. A. 
 Seabrook, Allen Stuart, Albert R. Taber, R. J. White, Anderson 
 Whiteside. Senior. James D. McConnell. 
 
 1855: Freshman. C. E. L. Allison, H. Cenas, F. J. Moses, Jr., 
 
 Ottolingui, Albert Rhett, M. G. B. Scaife, W. H. Sullivan. 
 
 Sophomore. Hyder D. Bedon, C. J. Bryan, F. II. Elmore, T. H. 
 Harllee. Junior. T. H. D. Hanahan, D. B. Mod-eight. Senior. 
 Jesse Beaty, A. M. Reid. 
 
 1856: Freshman. William Allen, Thomas P. Cleveland, Edward 
 
 B. Cureton, Charles Franklin Davis, Rawlins Lowndes. /Sophomore. 
 Cornelius Ayer Butler, James Morgan Butler, Edward Belton 
 Dunlap, DeSaussure Edwards, Benjamin C. Garlington, James 
 Garland Hardwick, Charles James McDowall, John J. Roberts, 
 William Alston Sanders. Junior. Charles H. Barnwell, John 
 Smith Barnwell, W. Capers Bird, Alfred Brevard, Matthew C. 
 Butler, Thomas W. Fuller, G. Washington Jordan, John C. Mc- 
 Clenaghan, Duncan Mclntyre, Joseph M. Meggett, Edward Niles, 
 James Deas Nott, Albert Rhett, Wm. B. Seabrook, William H. 
 Taylor. Senior. Edward M. Barnwell, George R. Black, John 
 Thomson Darby, James D. Ferguson, Robert F. Graham, .William 
 
 C. Preston, Jr., Robert L. Preston, Robert Pringle, Albert M. 
 Rhett, John Taylor Rhett, Wm. Hutson Wigg. 
 
 1857 : Freshman. Robert McCay. Sophomore. Theodore D. 
 Dupont, Samuel A. Goodman, Zebulun Mobley, Philip D. Morcock. 
 Junior. Edwin Bookter, John D. Kennedy, Philip P. Mazyck, 
 Robert W. Memminger, Wm. M. Myers, Lucius Northrop, Wm. H. 
 Perry, Thomas P. Sterling. Senior. James F. Caldwell, Wm. 
 Calhoun Keith, Wm. W. Walker, Jr. 
 
 1858 : James M. Dent, William B. Gracey, Isaac C. Moses, 
 James P. Royall, James T. Scott. Sophomore. Philip P. Barker, 
 Alex. D. Barrow, Baylis E. Boozer, Lemuel H. Boozer, Andrew 
 P. Butler, James Caldwell, Alfred E. Doby, James T. Douglass, 
 
458 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Thomas M. Durant, Benj. P. Fishburne, Saunders Glover, Elliott M. 
 Lucas, Andrew F. O'Bryan, Milledge A. Roundtree, Hugh Strong, 
 William Thomson, George White, John K. Young. Junior. 
 Woodward Barnwell, Joseph W. Garvin, John Kennerly, John Fox 
 Miller, James Simons, Jr. Senior. Wm. J. Bull, Jr., John C. 
 Cain, John Collins, Richard V. Gist, George W. Marshall, A. G. 
 Mills, John C. Minott, Reuben B. Patterson, James A. Ross, Wm. 
 D. Rutherford, Maximilian 0. Scott. 
 
 Honors awarded from the period of the first Commencement, to 
 the Commencement in 1858, inclusive. The first honor is awarded 
 to the Valedictory Orator, and the second to the Salutatory: 
 
 1807. Walter Crenshaw, Valedictory; John Caldwell, Salutatory. 
 
 1808 James R. Gregg, Valedictory; John Murphy, Salutatory. 
 
 1809. James L.' Petigru, Valedictory; Alexander Bowie, Saluta- 
 tory. 
 
 1810. James Dillett, Valedictory; William Lowry, Salutatory. 
 
 1811. B. J. Earle, Valedictory; William Arthur, Salutatory. 
 
 1812. Henry L. Pinckney, Valedictory; John B. O'Neall, 
 Salutatory. 
 
 1813. George McDuffie, Valedictory; John G. Creagh ; Salu- 
 tatory. 
 
 1814. Hugh S. Legare, Valedictory; Henry Trescott, Salutatory. 
 
 1815. Elijah Gibert, Valedictory. 
 
 1816. David L. Wardlaw, Valedictory; Henry A. Gibbes, Salu- 
 tatory. 
 
 1817. Charles Fishburn, Valedictory; Archibald Baynard, Salu- 
 tatory. 
 
 1818. Francis H. Wardlaw, Valedictory; Josiah J. Kilpatrick, 
 Salutatory. 
 
 1819. Thomas H. Taylor, Valedictory; C. G. Memininger, 
 Salutatory. 
 
 1820. James Terry, Valedictory; Richard Yeadon, Salutatory. 
 
 1821. Basil Manly, Valedictory; Amzi W. Alexander, Salu- 
 tatory. 
 
 From, this time the Salutatory was declared by the Board of 
 Trustees to be the first honor, and the Valedictory the second. 
 
 1822. William J. Wilson, Salutatory; J. W. Grant, Valedictory. 
 
 1823. Wm.F. Colcock, Salutatory; Robert Spenser, Valedictory. 
 
 1824. Richard T. Brumby, Salutatory; James W. Daniel, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 1825. Randall Hunt, Salutatory; T. J. Withers, Valedictory. 
 
 1826. Edmund Bellinger, Salutatory; R. G. Quarles, Valedic- 
 tory. 
 
 1827. This was the year of a great rebellion, when twenty-four 
 Seniors were expelled, and it appears that no honors were awarded. 
 
 1828. Nicholas Summer, Salutatory; Hiram McKnight, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
APPENDIX. 459 
 
 1829. Lewis R. Gibbes, Salutatory; Wm. J. Boone, Valedictory. 
 
 1830. B. F. Johnston, Salutatory; John A. Mills, Valedictory. 
 
 1831. James H. Thornwell, Salutatory; Richard S. Gladney, 
 Valedictory. 
 
 1832. Joseph W. Lesesne, Salutatory; Nelson Mitchell, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 1833. James Simons, Salutatory; Elisha Hanilin, Valedictory. 
 
 1834. C. P. Sullivan, Salutatory; M. L. Bonham, Valedictory. 
 
 1835. William Blanding, Salutatory. 
 
 1836. J. Pearson, Salutatory; A. Siinkins, Valedictory. 
 
 1837. John N. Frierson, Salutatory; D. W. Ray, Valedictory. 
 
 1838. A. Gregg, Salutatory; E. Bellinger, Valedictory. 
 
 1839. Isaac M. Hutson, Salutatory; David E. Frierson, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 1840. Haskell S. Rhett, Salutatory; Thomas M. Hanckel, 
 Valedictory. 
 
 1841. Wm. J. Rivers, Salutatory; Robert B. Boylston, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 1842. W. P. Starke, Salutatory; J. W. Landrum, Valedictory. 
 
 1843. S. J. Barnett, Salutatory; C. D. Melton, Valedictory. 
 
 1844. Patrick H. Nelson, Salutatory; J. H. Carlisle, Valedictory. 
 
 1845. Robert Garlington, Salutatory; Thomas B. Fraser, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 1846. E. L. Patton, Salutatory; A. A. Morse, Valedictory. 
 
 1847. Thomas Frost, Salutatory; John S. Green, Valedictory. 
 
 1848. James P. Adams, Salutatory; L.S. Blanding, Valedictory. 
 
 1849. C. H. Simonton, Salutatory; T. J. Glover, Valedictory. 
 
 1850. J. H. Rion, Salutatory; R. W. Barnwell, Valedictory. 
 
 1851. J. H. Elliott, Salutatory; J. R. Chalmers, Valedictory. 
 
 1852. J. H. Hudson, Salutatory; D. H. Porter, Valedictory. 
 
 1853. J. I. Middleton, Salutatory; C. E. Leverett, Valedictory. 
 
 1854. Jame? Lowndes, Salutatory; Benj. R. Stuart, Valedictory. 
 
 1855. C. W. Boyd, Salutatory; W. L. Trenholm, Valedictory. 
 
 1856. G. M. Fairlee, Salutatory; H. Covington, Valedictory. 
 
 1857. Wm. H. White, Salutatory; Elias L. Rivers, Valedictory. 
 
 1858. Edward H. Buist, Salutatory; Grimke Rhett, Valedic- 
 tory. 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE CATALOGUE OF 1859. 
 
 Board of Trustees. W. H. Gist, Governor of the State, Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees; M. E. Carn, Lieutenant Governor; 
 W. D. Porter, President of the Senate ; James Simons, Speaker 
 of the House of Representatives; James P. Carroll, Chairman of 
 Committee of Education, Senate ; Samuel McGowan, Chairman of 
 Committee of Education, House of Representatives; Chancellors: 
 Job Johnson, B. F. Duncan, G. W. Dargan, F. H. Wardlaw. 
 
460 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 Judges : J. B. O'Neall, D L. Wardlaw, T. J. Withers, J. N. Whit- 
 ner, T. W. Glover, K. Munro; Messrs: T. N. Dawkins, B. F. Perry, 
 J. I. Middleton, J. H. Means, W. F. DeSaussure, 11. W. Barnwell, 
 J. S. Preston, C. G. Memminger, T. 0. Perrin, R. F. W. Allston, 
 Thomas Smith, John Buchanan, F. J. Moses, J. L. Pettigru, John 
 L. Manning, S. McAliley, J. H. Adams, James Farrow, J. II. 
 Thornwell, J. A. Inglis; L. L. Fraser, Secretary of the Board of 
 Trustees. 
 
 Board of Visitors. James. L. Pettigru, Thomas C. Perrin, John 
 H. Means, llev. A Glennie, Rev. D. E. Frierson, Prof. Judson, 
 Prof. Louis Gibbes, Prof. Duncan, Dr. William Curtis ; J. Johnson 
 Pettigrew. 
 
 Faculty. A. B. Longstreet, D. D., LL. D., President and Pro- 
 fessor of History, Political Economy, Political Philosophy and Elo- 
 cution ; Maximilian LaBorde, M. D., Professor of Logic, Rhetoric 
 and Philosophy of the Mind; Rev. J. L. Reynolds, D. D., Professor 
 of Roman Literature ; John LeConte, M. D., Professor of Natural 
 and Mechanical Philosophy; Wm. J. Rivers, A. M., Professor of 
 Greek Literature; Rev. R. W. Barnwell, Professor of Moral Phi- 
 losophy, Sacred Literature and Evidences of Christianity ; Joseph 
 LeConte, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology; . 
 Charles S. Venable, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. 
 
 B. W. Means Librarian; K. S. Dargan, Bursar; W. B. Broom, 
 Marshal. 
 
 Circular. The attention of parents guardians and teachers, is 
 particularly called to the requisitions for admission into the Fresh- 
 man Class, and to the studies of the other classes of the College. 
 The Faculty have resolved that except in very peculiar and extra- 
 ordinary cases, no young man shall hereafter be examined for any 
 class who has not both read and carefully reviewed all that is re- 
 quired for admission. When the certificate of his teacher does not 
 distinctly state this fact, the applicant will be asked whether or not 
 he has done so, and in all cases in which a negative answer is given, 
 an examination shall be refused to the candidate. Hereafter appli- 
 cants may expect to be thoroughly examined in Arnold's Latin 
 Prose Composition, and teachers are requested to pay special atten- 
 tion to this requisition. A thorough knowledge of Arithmetic 
 being essential to success in all the classes of the College, applicants 
 must be prepared for a full and searching examination in this 
 study. 
 
 Course of Studies, Exercises, &c. A candidate for admission 
 must satisfy the Faculty by written testimonials that he sustains a 
 good moral character. In ordinary cases the certificate must be 
 signed by his last instructor. If from another College, his standing 
 in that College must be shown to have been good at the time of his 
 leaving it. The stated time for the examination of applicants is the 
 
APPENDIX. 461 
 
 week of Commencement; and hereafter, except in extraordinary 
 cases, none will be examined at any other time. 
 
 Applicants from other States will be examined at any time during 
 the session. 
 
 Students admitted to advanced standing, in addition to the 
 requisites for admission to the Freshman Class, must be prepared for 
 an examination in the studies which have been pursued by the 
 class that they desire to enter, and by the preceding classes, or 
 in other studies equivalent to them. 
 
 For Admission to the freshman Class. A candidate is required to 
 have an accurate knowledge of the English, Latin and Greek Gram- 
 mars, including Prosody ; Morse's, or Worcester's and Woodbridge's 
 Geography ; Mitchell's Ancient Geography ; Arithmetic, including 
 fractions, simple and compound proportion, extraction of roots; 
 Bourdon's Algebra to Chapter IX, or Loomis' Algebra to Sect. 
 XVII : Sallust ; Virgil, (Georgics, Bucolics, and six books of the 
 ^Bneid); Select Orations of Cicero, consisting of the four against 
 Cataline : Pro Lege Manilla, Pro Archia Poeta, Pro Milone, and the 
 First Philippic; Arnold's Latin Prose Composition; Kiihner's Greek 
 Exercises (as far as Syntax ;) Jacob's Greek Reader ; Homer's 
 Iliad, the first six books ; Xenophon's Anabasis, six books. 
 
 Studies of the Freshman Class. Grecian and Roman Antiquities, 
 (Eschenburg;) Livy, twenty -first book ; Horace, except the Art of 
 Poetry, Homer's Iliad, completed; Latin Exercises, (Kiihner;) 
 Greek Exercises, (Kiinner Elem. Gr.;) Geometry, (Legendre ;) 
 Ancient History ; Review of Algebra, in the Theory of Logarithms ; 
 
 Sophomore Year. Elocution, Tacitus (Germany and Life of 
 Agricola;) Select Satires of Juvenal and Persius, Exercises in 
 Latin Composition ; Demosthenes De Corona, Selections from 
 Greek Orators and Historians, Greek Exercises, Plane Trigo- 
 nometry and its applications, Conic Sections, (Loomis' ;) History of 
 the Middle Ages, History of the Bible, connection of Sacred and 
 Profane History; Physiology; Heat, Electricity, Galvanism, Mag- 
 netism and Electro-Magnetism; Mechanics, Gravity, (Laws of 
 Motion ;) Chemistry of Non-Metallic Elements ; Chemical Phi- 
 losophy, (Fowne's.) 
 
 Junior Year. Cicero De Ofiiciis or Lucan's Pharsalia ; Horace's 
 Art of Poetry, Septem Contra Thebas of ^schylus, (Edipus Tyr. 
 of Sophocles, Medea of Euripides, Greek Composition ; Exercises 
 in Latin Composition, Spherical Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry, 
 Lectures on Differential and Integral Calculus ; Mechanical Phi- 
 losophy, (Olmsted's,) concluded ; Hydrostatics and Hydraulics, 
 Chemistry, Moral Philosophy, Sacred Literature and Evidences of 
 Christianity, Whateley's Logic, Whateley's Rhetoric, Elements of 
 Criticism, Political Philosophy. 
 
 Senior Class. Terence's Andria, Plautus' Captivi, Pindar. Olym. 
 1. 11, Pyth. 1. Plato's Crito ; Selections from Aristotle, Exercises 
 
462 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. 
 
 in Latin and Greek Composition, Astronomy, Political Economy, 
 Political Ethics, Philosophy of the Mind, Criticism and Elocution, 
 Mineralogy, Geology, Agricultural Chemistry, Butler's Analogy. 
 Natural Philosophy, Olmsted's; Pneumatics, Meteorology, Acoustics 
 and Optics. 
 
 There are three recitations of each class, daily ; one after morn- 
 ing prayers ; one at 11 o'clock, a. m.; one at 4 o'clock, p. m. On 
 Saturday morning there is one in each class. The recitation con- 
 tinues for one hour. Beside the recitations there are lectures, 
 rhetorical exercises, and especial attention is paid to English Com- 
 position in all the classes. 
 
 Libraries. The College Library contains twenty-four thousand 
 volumes. A liberal sum annually granted by the Legislature pro- 
 vides for the constant increase of the number of books. The Library 
 is opened Tuesdays, Thursdays arid Saturdays, for the accommoda- 
 tion of the Students. Resident graduates, in common with under 
 graduates, have the privilege of taking out books. 
 
 Beside the College Library, there are Libraries belonging to the 
 two literary societies, which are respectively reserved for the use of 
 their members. 
 
 Scholarships. There are five Scholarships in the College: one 
 founded by Hon. J. L. Manning, yielding an income of $350 a 
 year j two by Wade Hampton, Jr., yielding each an income of $210 ; 
 one by Hiram B. Hutchinson, yielding $350, and one by Hon. R. 
 F. W. Allston, with an income of $420. These are awarded by the 
 Faculty to young men of more than ordinary merit and attainments, 
 whose circumstances require that they should be aided in their Col- 
 lege course. Candidates who have not been members of the College, 
 and whose character and scholarship are not known to the Faculty, 
 have to undergo a special examination in order to be put on any of 
 these foundations. They are not designed to be simply aids to 
 indigence, but compliments to excellence. 
 
 Beneficiaries. The literary societies generally have each a bene- 
 ficiary, and some times a class supports one of its members through 
 College. 
 
 Resolution. The attention of the Commissioners of Free Schools 
 is called to the following resolution of the Board of Trustees : 
 
 Resolved, That the Faculty be authorized to receive one student 
 from each Judicial District in the State, free of any charge for 
 tuition, who shall be recommended by the Commissioners of Free 
 Schools within that District: Provided, That there shall not be 
 more than one student at any one time from the said Judicial 
 District. 
 
 Prize Essays. Four gold medals, worth $50 each, are annually 
 awarded to the Senior, Junior and Sophomore Classes, respectively, 
 for the best Essay on subjects assigned by the Faculty. 
 
 Allston Lecture for 1859. One hundred dollars will be awarded 
 
APPENDIX. 463 
 
 for the best Lecture on " The influences of Associations in advancing 
 the sciences." All Essays must be handed to the President by the 
 first Monday in October. Alumni as well as students may compete 
 for this prize. 
 
 Apparatus. The College possesses the necessary apparatus for 
 pursuing all the Philosophical, Astronomical and Chemical studies 
 prescribed in the course. 
 
 Expenses. The stated expenses of the College term, consisting of 
 nine months, paid quarterly in advance, exclusive of books, clothes, 
 room, furniture and travelling expenses, are as follows, viz : 
 
 Board (in commons) about 87 weeks, at $3.50 per week, $129 50 
 
 Tuition, room-rent, and use of library, 50 00 
 
 Fuel, about 25 00 
 
 Washing, from $12 to 15 00 
 
 Servant hire, t 9 00 
 
 Lights, about 6 00 
 
 $234 50 
 
 Board at the licensed boarding-houses varies from $3 50 to $4 
 per week. 
 
 Terms, Vacations and Public Examinations. The College year 
 has only one session, consisting of nine months. It begins on the 
 first Monday in October, and ends about the first of July. In this 
 session three weeks holiday is given, extending from the second 
 Monday in December to the first Monday in January. There are 
 three public examinations of the Junior, Sophomore and Freshman 
 Classes during the session; one in April, one in June, and the rising 
 examination in December. The Senior Class has but one public 
 examination, which begins on the third Monday before Commence- 
 ment. The Annual Commencement is on the first Monday in 
 December. The May exhibition is on the nights of the first Thurs- 
 day and Friday after the first Monday in May. At each of these-, 
 the members of the Senior Class, who receive distinctions, are re- 
 
 r'red to deliver speeches. Applicants are informed that it is very 
 irable they should present themselves for examination on the day 
 after Commencement, at 9 o'clock, A. M. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 PAGE LINE 
 
 15 10 For Movrit, read Morrit. 
 
 16...4&ll...For Common's, read Commons. 
 
 44 24 For third, read first. 
 
 69 4 For Darnell, read Barrel. 
 
 164 4 For 1840, read 1839. 
 
 347 31 For exerted, read excited. 
 
 378 30 For its strongest, read their strongest; also, for its 
 
 most, read their most. 
 
 There are a few other typographical errors not worthy of especial notice, 
 rhich the reader can correct for himself. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
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 (SUCCESSOR TO E. L BKYAN,) 
 
 COLUMBIA, S. C. 
 
A LIST OF BOOKS 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 (SUCCESSOR TO R, L, BRYAN,) 
 
 175 RICHAKDSON STREET, 
 COLUMBIA, SO. CA. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SO. CA. COLLEGE, 
 
 From its Incorporation, December 19, 1801, to November 25, 1857 in- 
 cluding sketches of its Presidents and Professors ; with an Appendix. By M. 
 LABORDE, M. D., Professor of Metaphysics, Logic and Rhetoric, South Carolina 
 College. 8vo., 463 pp, Cloth $2, half-calf $3.50. 
 
 THE CAROLINA TRIBUTE TO CALHOUN, 
 
 Containing the remarks in Congress of distinguished Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives ; The Sermon of the Chaplain of the Senate ; The Report of the 
 Committee of Twenty -five; The Narrative of the Funeral Honors at 
 Charleston ; The Message of Governor Seabrook ; The Discourses of the Rev. 
 Messrs. Barnwell, Thornwell, Miles, Palmer and Smith ; and the Orations of 
 Messrs. Allston, Colt, Henry, Whyte, Porcher, Hammond, Rhett and Porter. 
 The Resolutions of the Pennsylvania and New York Legislature ; The Pro- 
 ceedings of the New York Historical Society ; and other memorials of rare 
 interest ; with an accurate portrait. Edited by Prof. JOHN P. THOMAS, Citadel, 
 Charleston. 8vo., 411 pp. Cloth $2, half-calf $3.50 
 
 THE CHARACTER OF THE GENTLEMAN. 
 
 An Address to the Students of Miami University, Ohio, on the evening 
 before Commencement Day, in August, 1846. By FRANCIS LIBBER, L L. D., 
 Prof, of History, Columbia College, New York ; late Prof, of Political Phi- 
 losophy and Economy in South Carolina College. Second and enlarged edition. 
 12mo. Cloth, 75 cts., paper 50 cts. 
 
B. GKLA.SS 
 
 IS SOLE AGENT OF THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA FOR 
 THE SALE OF THE FOLLOWING BOOKS? 
 
 THE STATUTES OP SOUTH CAROLINA. Eleven volumes, octavo. 
 
 CARROLL'S HISTORICAL COLLKCTIONS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Two volumes, 8vo. 
 
 PRESSLEY'S LAW OF MAGISTRATES. One volume, octavo. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 IS AGENT FOR THE SALE OF THE FOLLOWING BOOKS PUBLISHED 
 
 BY McfJARTER & DAWSON, 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 
 THE LAW AND EQUITY REPORTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 RIVERS' HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. One volume, 8vo.; $2. 
 CARROLL'S CATECHISM OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 12mo., cloth; 75 cts. 
 THE HIRELING AND THE SLAVE, CHICORA, and other Poems ; by WM. J. GRAYSON. 
 One volume, 12mo,, cloth; $1. 
 
 And of the following Books published in South Carolina ; 
 
 CONNOR'S LAW DIGEST, $8^ interleaved, $10. 
 
 CONNOR'S EQUITY DIGEST, $12; interleaved, 2 vols., $15. 
 
 CONNOR'S SUIT AT LAW, $1. 
 
 FLAGG'S DIGEST, $4; interleaved, $5. 
 
 MILLER'S COMPILATION, $3. 
 
 THE COUNTRY; BY WM. J. GRAYSON. Cloth 50 cts., gilt 75 cts. 
 
 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Two 
 volumes. 8vo., cloth; $5 per vol. 
 
 GIBBES' DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 3 vols., 8vo., cloth ; $4.50. 
 
 RAMSAY'S HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 1 vol., 8vo.; $3.50. 
 
 LIBBER'S REPORTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ; with nu- 
 merous Geognostic Maps, &c. Vols. 1, 2 and 3. 
 
 EVANS' ROAD LAW OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF BUTLER'S ANALOGY, PART FIRST ; BY REV. JAMES H. THORNWELL, 
 D. D. 
 
 REVIEW OF PALEY'S MORAL PHILOSOPHY; by same author. 
 
 FURMAN'S POEMS. 1 vol., 12mo.; $1. 
 
 JOHNSON & WALKER'S MAP OF SOUTH CAROLINA; handsomely colored and 
 mounted on rollers. 
 
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 to the readers of the Banner, are the efforts of Southern Genius, which it is a 
 pleasure to foster. Original Sketches, Literary and Scientific Essays, and Mis- 
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 Subscription Daily, $6; Tri- Weekly, $4; Weekly, $2 per annum, in advance. 
 
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